A10851	----	The art of pronuntiation digested into two parts. Vox audienda, & vox videnda. In the first of which are set foorth the elements and seuerall parts of the voice: in the second are described diuers characters, by which euery part of the voice may be aptly known and seuerall distinguished. Very necessary as well thereby to know the naturall structure of the voice, as speedily to learne the exact touch of pronuntiation of any forraine language whatsoeuer. Newly inuented by Robert Robinson Londoner. Robinson, Robert, Londoner. 1617 Approx. 55 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 31 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-12 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A10851 STC 21122 ESTC S102581 99838353 99838353 2728 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A10851) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 2728) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1115:08) The art of pronuntiation digested into two parts. Vox audienda, & vox videnda. In the first of which are set foorth the elements and seuerall parts of the voice: in the second are described diuers characters, by which euery part of the voice may be aptly known and seuerall distinguished. Very necessary as well thereby to know the naturall structure of the voice, as speedily to learne the exact touch of pronuntiation of any forraine language whatsoeuer. Newly inuented by Robert Robinson Londoner. Robinson, Robert, Londoner. [60] p. Printed by Nicholas Okes, London : 1617. Signatures: A-C¹² (-C7-12). In two parts, each with caption title. Advertised on C8 of STC 420.11 (Bretnor, Thomas. Almanack. 1618) as being sold by S. Waterson. Some print faded. Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Phonetics -- Early works to 1800. 2005-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-06 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-07 Simon Charles Sampled and proofread 2005-07 Simon Charles Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Art of Pronuntiation , Digested into two parts . Vox audienda , & Vox videnda . In the first of which are set foorth the Elements and seuerall parts of the voice : In the second are described diuers Characters , by which euery part of the voice may be aptly known and seuerally distinguished . Very necessary as well thereby to know the naturall structure of the voice , as speedily to learne the Exact touch of pronuntiation of any forraine language whatsoeuer . Newly inuented by ROBERT ROBINSON Londoner . Organa naturae tribuit Deus , are docet vsus . London printed by Nicholas Okes. 1617. To his Booke . If that thou chance to come to Zoilus view , Feare not my booke , though thy inuention's new : Tell them , whose want of skill shall thee deride , To iudge things they not know , 't is foolish pride : But if men skild in thee a fault espie , Craue their best helpe , beare not thy selfe too high . A Preface declaring the great benefit of Speech and writing , and the order of this Treatise . GOD ( who hath so well disposed and ordered the course of nature in all his creatures , ) as hee hath made man his chiefest and set him ouer all the rest of his creaturs of the earth , hauing endued him with many graces aboue the rest , as wisedome , knowledge , reason , vnderstanding , and the like ; euen as so many springs and riuers issuing from the Ocean of his infinit wisedome : So also that nothing might be wanting , nothing superfluous in such a worthy creature , hath giuen him diuers outward meanes and sences so excellent , meete and conuenient , not onely for the nourishment and preseruation of his owne body ( as they are likewise to other creatures ) but also as well for the maintenance and increase of those inward graces wherewith hee is so adorned , as for the imployment of them and shewing and setting them foorth to other men to whom he hath not giuen the same measure ; whereby he may be glorified of all men as their gracious and glorious Creator , all men may be glorified in him as his chiefest creatures : And to that end as he hath giuen man a reasonable soule to iudge and discerne , so also that all his knowledge , all his graces might not lie hid and smothered in his owne breast , he hath giuen him a voice composed with more rarenesse then in any other of his creatures , wherby he may expresse the thoughts of his heart , may praise and pray to his God , may teach and instruct others in that which hee knoweth aboue other men , may aske aduise & councell of others in that he knoweth not , and generally all may communicate and confer together , as well touching spirituall matters fit for the soule , as concerning all other things necessary in our worldly affaires : yet although the voice of man be of such needfull vse , that without it mans mind were but as in a dungeon , and in perpetuall thraldome of the body for the time of its being in this earthly habitation , if there were no other helpe then tht voice to expresse the mind : man could not be the better for any thing that should bee taught or spoken of no longer then the very words were speaking , or at the longest , but whilest our weake memories could retaine the very matter spoken of , and so it might easily be foreseene how soone all the labors of vs and our forefathers would perish , how quickly the wise councells , witty and graue sayings of the learned would be forgotten . The Princes in euery age ( though in one and the same kingdome ) would haue a different kind of ruling , the subiects a different course of liuing , both the Princes and people a different and new course of religion . All our doings , all our sayings , all our customes , and all our manners would be buried in obliuion . Then how vncertaine our estates would be , how vncomfortable our selues , how dangerous and pernicious it would be for the state of euery common-wealth , all men may easily iudge , yet God to preuent these inconueniences , for the further benefit of mankind , as hee hath giuen vs a voice to expresse the minde vnto the eare , so hee hath giuen vs hands to frame letters or markes for the voice to expresse the minde vnto the eyes . So that the eyes and eares are as it were the receiuers of message sent vnto the heart , the hands and voice as deliuerers of message sent from the heart : And though the voice be a more liuely kind of speech , yet in respect it is but onely a sleight accident made of so light a substance as the ayre , it is no sooner vttered but it is dissolued , euery simple sound doth expell and extinguish the sound going before it , so that the eare can haue but one touch of the ayre beating vpon it to declare the speech vnto the mind : but the hand though it giue a dumbe and a more dull kind of speech , yet it giues a more durable . A letter is a grosser substance , and therefore is of more continuance then a sound : what is once written still continueth though the hand ceaseth . If the eyes haue not satisfied the mind at one view , they may looke on it againe , yea till they haue satisfied it's desire : And by this meanes of noting and charactring of the voice , all things worthy of memory are defended from the iniury of forgetfulnesse ; whereby is left vnto vs from most ancient times of our forefathers the most holy will of God , besides many necessary doctrines of godly and religious men , many excellent sayings both diuine and morrall , many humane policies , counsells , and instructions , written by wise and learned men , together with diuers behoofefull arts and worthy sciences , which are hereby as in a sure treasury preserued , maintained and daily increased to the glory of almighty God , and continuall benefit and comfort of vs and our posterity . Of these two excellent benefits the first being naturall , is by nature of euery man with a little vse easily pronounced , the other being artificiall cannot be perfectly framed vntill the true reason , order , and distinct parts of the former be first found out and knowne ; the want of knowledge whereof , hath caused both in speech and writing , many imperfections and errors , as sometimes taking one simple sound of mans voice to be two , at other times taking two , three , or fower simple sounds to be but one , and according to that mistaken order fitting letters for them , whereby writing is thereby in some part made defectiue , besides by many other errors vsed therein , as by misplacing of letters , contrary to the order wherein they are pronounced , inserting of superfluous letters , where there is no need , nor any sound at all expressed for them , making one letter serue for two different sounds , sometimes for one and sometimes for another ; and contrariwise , vsing for one and the same sound at sometimes one letter , at other times another letter , not proper therunto , but to some other different sound in mans voice : by which confused order the speech is so darkely set downe , that our words in speaking seeme as a different kind of language to the same in writing . So that though by a common vse and beaten practice euery particular nation can explaine themselues and pronounce their owne proper speech by their owne manner of writing , yet it is so intricate to a stranger of another country , that he can neither pronounce their speech by their writing , nor write their speech according to their manner by hearing of it spoken , whereby no perfect Dictionary or Grammer hath hitherto been made , that the true order of pronunciation might be taught , either to such as are desirous of the skill of languages , or to children , or such as are altogether ignorant in reading and writing of their owne mother tongue . Besides a great inconuenience which by some I haue vnderstood ( and doubtlesse it is likely ) to haue happened in the ancient learned tongues , Hebrew , Greeke , and Latine , which though they are written and imprinted in all parts , wherein they are in vse , by one and the same order of letters , yet in vtterance of them in speech , they are so diuersly pronounced , that men of different nations ( though therein very learned ) cannot one suddenly vnderstand the other in any argument , or conference had betweene them in any of those languages , euery one of them inclining to the manner of pronunciation of their owne country speech . Hence also it hath come to passe , that notwithstanding all nations of the earth came from one root , our first father Adam , and that God had giuen them all the same forme of body , the like sences , and for their voyce all instruments alike : ( howsoeuer he had dispersed them into seuer all parts and habitations ) yet the people of one kingdom in their learning of the language of any other nation haue not in many yeers , yea some in the whole course of their life haue not attained to such exact and perfect pronuntiation therein , nor so framed their mouthes in speaking but that they might easily be discerned and discouered to be strangers of another Country : Now therefore seeing in other sciences lesse vsefull , the professors of them haue set them downe in exact propositions ; I cannot see ( especially considering how necessary a thing true pronuntiation is both for the grace of the speech , as for the commodity and aduantage it may beget to the common-wealth as well at home , as in commerce and traffique had in forraine parts with other nations by conferring with them in their own languages ) how in this it can be accounted vnnecessary to seeke a meanes whereby to remedy these manifold abuses and imperfections in speech and writing , which are the grounds by which all other knowledges are taught and maintained , That by some ruled arte the true pronuntiation of languages might be learned , which hitherto is taught either by roat , or written in such a confused manner as cannot but seeme vnreasonable to any mans vnderstanding , howsoeuer allowed of and approued by continuance of custome . But here perchance I may be charged with presumption both in respect of my selfe , and in respect of my yeers , in that I professe to be a teacher of a science to others , hauing as it were but newly learned my letters my selfe : Whereunto I answer , that I learned not this my arte out of the books and workes of learned men , neither would my small meanes afford me to be acquainted with their great volumes , only out of a volume of Gods owne guift and making did I take this small Manuscript , euen to all men hath he giuen one of the same impression , whereby the truth hereof may be examined : yet certainly the vnripenesse of my yeeres , and want of other learning , had wholly withheld me from the publishing thereof , so that it might haue died with my selfe and haue benefited no man , had I not cōsidered that euery one of what estate , degree , or condition soeuer , is bound in ducty to reueale whatsoeuer may be beneficiall to his country ; assuring my-selfe that God doth not giue either knowledge or riches to any priuate person meerly for his owne particular vse , but imploieth those on whom he bestoweth such guifts , as Cisternes and conduits to conuey and impart them likewise to others . Yet he therein so prouideth that themselues also be neuer empty . This consideration therefore caused me to thinke it were far better , though with boldnesse to set foorth that portion of knowledge which God had giuen me , then with a distard-like feare for the causes afore remembred to conceale the benefit ; Hauing therefore laboured to finde out the true ground of the speech , that the manifold errors therein might be made manifest , and so auoided . To the intent I might in such sort as God had enabled me , doe some-what for the common good of my Country , and adde something to my profession , I haue framed this small treatise of pronuntiation , and digested it into two parts . In the first by certaine propositions applying my selfe to set foorth the elements and parts of the voice : In the second part appointing for euery simple sound in mans voice sundry letters and characters , that the voice being thereunto once committed may by any ( who shall know the vse of them ) without any other expositor or instructor be aptly and truly pronounced vpon view of the writing , how strange soeuer the language be : yet seeing my intent and purpose herein is not , that I would any waies goe about , or desire to alter the order of letters , which of so long time hath been vsed and allowed of , wherein so many worthy works haue been imprinted , knowing that could not be brought to passe without much difficulty , and greater preiudice then my simple iudgement can discerne . I would not therefore that any man should so much looke into or respect the characters which I herein vse , or the manner of the new placing , disposing , or naming of them , as the mateer and scope whereto I intend them , which is , that I might with the easiest way and meetest order , so paint out euery part of mans voice , that euery one might be seuerally discerned from other , and that the pronunciation of euery different language which hitherto is chiefly taught by word of mouth , might in a more certain māner be dedeciphered with the pen , wherby any that are desirous that way , may not only the sooner learne the experience of any forraine language , but may also with more ease , and in a shorter time attaine to the true pronuntiation thereof . For albeit any man in teaching of his owne country language , doth by his owne speech giue the very true and absolute touch of pronuntiation , yet by reason of the swiftnesse of the voice , vnwonted composition of the parts thereof and dull apprehension of the eares , the same is not easily and read ly perceiued to a stranger : but the simple and distinct parts , and members of the whole voice ( which are the grounds of all languages ) being once certainly knowne , and cast into visible letters , ( howsoeuer the order of an vnknown language doth diuersly disperse and mix them together ) the eye by it 's quicke and sharpe sight doth suddenly apprehend them , and thereby teach the mouth of one altogether ignorant , & vnacquainted with such language as aptly and truly to pronounce it , as any one to whom the same is naturally the speech , wherein he hath been alwayes trained and instructed , from the very time of his infancy , ( this only excepted , that the vnaccustomed mixture of the sounds of the voice may at first cause a more slow vtterance . ) And , for that cause hauing gathered together diuers letters and characters of sundry sorts and formes , I found none so meet ( in respect of the accents which are necessarily to be placed ouer them ) as those which were shortest , and of an equall length , and so hauing my selfe framed some few , I took the rest to make vp my number , and as the best for my purpose out of the Roman and Secretary letters , but haue not so vsed , and placed them in the same sence and order as they were formerly in their owne Alphabets ; but haue diuersly disposed of them accordingly as seemed fittest for my vse , and the order of the worke did best require ; And touching such places wherein I haue bin compelled in respect of the order of the worke to speak of matters incident to musick , for that they are not much pertinent to this art of pronuntiation , I haue therefore but lightly and briefly touched them , referring such matters to the teachers and professors of that science . And thus hauing shewed the occasion order , and intent of this my treatise , being the fruit of wearied times between other labors , I cōmit it to the view & practise of those , that shall think it meet for their vse or experience , leauing these few verses to plead my excuse , if any errors haue hapned by reason of my great want of learning . ROBERT ROBINSON . Candide des veniam , placidū nec contra●e frontem , Inficiat chartas , si qua litura meas : Nec mihi sollucem , nec praebuit aura calorē Me tenebris cinctum frigida zona premit : Sin redeat mihi fausta dies , si denique Phoebus Lumine , percutiat lumina nostra , suo : Tum nitar meliora sequi , tū menda vicissim Tot mihi lux a biget , quot mihi lux aperit . Vox Audienda , Or THE ELEMENTS OF MANS Voice . What the Voice is . THE Voice is a composition of diuers simple sounds intermixed together . What a simple sound is ? A simple sound is the least part or member of the voice , framed in one only place , and by one only manner proper to it selfe . What a sound is , and of the efficient thereof . A sound is an accident effected by the opposition of these two contraries , namely motion and restraint : motion of the ayre out of the inward parts of the body , and restraint of it in its motion . Of the efficient causes of this motion and restraint . The causes of this motion and restraint are primary and secondary : the primary is spirituall , the secondary is instrumentall , the spiritual cause is alike to both : the instrumentall causes are different , some proper to motion , and others proper to restraint . Of the primary and spirituall cause of this motion and restraint . The spirituall cause is the minde , which God hauing made it most like to his glorious image , hath placed in this Microcosmos of mans body , as a principall ruler thereof vnder him , giuing it such power ouer all the parts of the body , that as God himselfe is the first mouer of the whole vniuersall world , who only by his infinit power appointeth both an orderly course and limitation in the motion of all his workes , so himselfe hath granted and ordained : that the minde of man should bee the first moouer of this little world of the body , wherein it is inclosed , and of euery member and particle of it made fit for motion , and hath giuen it a liberty , to be accompted for to order , restraine , and limit those motions as it selfe listeth . Of the instrumentall causes of this motion . They are the lungs and hollow parts of the body , wherein the ayre is contained , which being drawne together by the motion , or rather the will of the mind , doe thereby expell the ayre , and cause it to be mooued through diuers passages , as the throat , mouth , and nostrils . Of the instrumentall causes of the restraint of this motion . They are the breast , throat , pallat , gums , tongue , lips and nostrils , stopping or hindering the free passage of the ayre in it's motion . How the diuersity of sounds vsed in mans voice happen . They happen vpon these three occasions . First by the diuersity of the instruments of restraint . Secondly , by reason of the diuers places of restraint . And thirdly in respect of the different manner of restraint , both by the seuerall instruments , and in the seuerall places . Of the generall parts of the sounds in mans voice so occasioned . There are two generall partes , some different only in quantity , and are most pertinēt to Musique , others only in quality , which are most necessary for speech . Of the number of sounds of different quantity . They are in number vncertaine , to wit , in some men more , and in some men lesse . Of two seuerall orders wherein these sounds are different in quantity . The sounds of different quantity are two-fold : first , in respect of their different height of sound , secondly by reason of their different measure of time , wherein they are sounded . Of the place of framing of the sounds , different in quantity , and the cause of their different heights . They are caused by the instrument of the throat , which according to the greater or lesser restraining of the ayre , passing through in one and the same place , doth cause sometimes a more shrill and lowd noise , somtimes a more base and deep sound , but neuer differeth the quality more or lesse . Of the reason of their different measure of time . It is because they are sounded by a different continuance of the motion of the breath , sometimes beeing finished in a shorter time , and sometimes continued to a longer . Of the number of sounds of different quality whereof the speech is framed . They are in number certaine , to wit fiue and twenty , and by their seuerall instruments and places are diuersly framed in such sort as afterwards shall be spoken of . Of the framing of the speeche by the said sounds of different quality . Of the simple sounds aforesaid , of different quality are framed sillables , of sillables , words , and of words the whole order of speech . What a syllable is . A sillable is the pronouncing of one of the simple sounds of different quality by it selfe alone , or of two or more of them orderly framed and knit together , without any intermission of time put between them . What a word is . A word is either one sillable alone , or els two or mo sillables hauing a very small intermission of time and stay of the breath between euery of them , by which any one thing conceiued in the minde , or perceiued through the sences is distinctly named and knowne from others . What the speech is . The speech is an orderly knitting together of diuers words , whereby any thing forethought of in the mind is sensibly expressed to the eare . Of the generall diuision of the simple sounds of different quality . They are of three generall kindes , which for distinction sake I haue named by seuerall names , one of which in respect of its office I call a vitall sound , the others in respect of their seuerall natures , some vowels , and some consonants , as they haue been anciently termed : of which in order shall be spoken . Of the nature , place and office of the vitall sound . The vitall sound is that which was spoken of before , whereof all the sounds of different quantitie doe arise , and it is framed in the passage of the throat , and it is to be noted , that this sound is onely vsed in composition , with the others of different qualities to expresse them more liuely to the eares of the auditors : for without the helpe of this vitall sound all the other parts of the voice would be but as a soft whispering , and as this sound is so helpfull to the others of different quality , so are they of different quality also no lesse excellent and helpfull to the sounds of different quantities , which are so framed of that vitall sound bredde in the throat , so that by the composition of both sorts together , the one is made a liuely helper to the other , whereby that part of the voyce appertaining to speech is made most apt for the same , and the other appertaining to melody is made most pleasing , and thereby it commeth to passe , that the voice of man is worthily accompted more excellent , then any artificiall musicke hitherto inuented . Of vowels , what they are and of their nature . The vowells in respect of the restraint of the motion of the ayre , are the least extreame of all the other sounds , they hauing a more freer passage of the ayre then the rest , so that in them the breath is most lightly hindred , and their nature is such that they cannot be ioyned in a sillable with themselues , but with consonants they may , so that if two or mo vowells come together , they of necessity are all different sillables , except onely certaine sillables arising of them , which are called dipthongs , and are caused by a continuance of the breath from any of the former , vntill it finish it motion in the place of the last long vowel , and not otherwise . Of the number of vowells . They are in number ten , and are euery one of different quality , both in respect of their different manner of framing , and of their diuers places wherein they are so framed . Of their different manner of framing . They are framed in two sorts , which are distinguished by short and long vowels , both in respect of the difference of the time wherein they are vttered , as also because of the different organes through which they passe , being in some shorter and in some longer . Of the generall framing of the short vowells . The short vowels haue their passage through certaine short organes , framed by the placing of the tongue in sundry partes of the roofe of the mouth . Of the generall framing of the long vowells . They are framed by the breath passing through somewhat longer organes , made also by the help of the tongue , by placing of it in seuerall parts of the roofe of the mouth . Of the number of places wherein the vowells are framed . They are fiue : the first taking its beginning in the innermost part of the roofe or pallat , and so the rest continuing forward , each one orderly in his degree to the last place , being more neere to the outmost part of the roofe , and in euery one of these fiue places are framed , one short and one long vowell , the particular order of framing of which vowells in their distinct places hereafter ensueth . Of the framing of the first short vowell . It is framed in the innermost part of the roofe of the mouth by the help of the tongue , making of small organe for the passage of the ayre . Of the framing of the first long vowell . It is framed in the same place by the helpe of the tongue , extending & lengthning of the organe through which the breath passeth almost to the place of the next short vowell . Of the framing of the second short vowell . It is framed somewhat forwarder in the roofe by the help of the tongue making also a small organe for the passage of the ayre . Of the second long vowell . It is framed in the place of the short , but passeth through a longer organe almost extended to the place of the next short vowell . Of the third short vowell . It is framed somewhat forwarder in the roofe by the helpe of a small organe framed by the tongue . Of the third long vowell . It is framed in the place of ' its short , but by the helpe of a longer organe extended almost to the place of the next short vowell . Of the fourth short vowell . It is framed also somewhat forwarder and neerer to the outmost part of the roofe passing through a short or small organe framed by the tongue . Of the fourth long vowell . It is framed also in the place of 't is short , but by the helpe oa longer organe framed by the tongue , and extended almost to the place of the next short vowell . Of the fift short vowell . It is framed in a small organe made by the helpe of the tongue in a place also somewhat neerer to the outmost part of the roofe . Of the fift long vowell . It is framed in a longer organe , made in the same place by the helpe of the tongue , almost extended to the inward place of the consonants , which are framed in the mouth . Of Consonants . What are Consonants . The breath in them is more strictly hindered , and they be such as may be ioyned two or more in one sillable , either by themselues , or with a vowell or dip-thong . Of the number of Consonants . They are in number fourteen , and euery of them of different quality , in respect of their different manner of framing , and of their different places , wherein they are so framed ; thirteene of which consonants are framed in the mouth , and one onely in the breast . And first of those in the mouth . Of the seuerall orders of framing of the consonants in the mouth . They are framed in fiue sorts , which I haue named by seuerall names , as mutes , seminutes , greater obstricts , lesser obstricts and a peculiar . Of the particular number of each sort . Of mutes there are three , of seminutes three : of the greater obstricts three ; of the lesser obstricts three , and one only peculiar . Of the number of places wherein these thirteen consonants in the mouth are framed . They are framed in three places or regions which may be called the outward , middle , and inward regions , and in euery of these places are seuerally framed one mute , one semmiute , one greater obstrict and one lesser obstrict , and in the middle region the peculiar also is partly framed . Of the first place . The first or outmost region is the outmost part of the mouth , namely the lips , wherein are framed fower consonants , to wit , one mute , one semimute , one greater obstrict , and one lesser obstrict . Of the second place . The second or middle region is the vpper gummes or outmost part of the roofe of the mouth , enclosed by the helpe of the tippe and edges of the tongue , wherein are framed fiue consonants ; namely one mute , one semimute , one greater obstrict , one lesser obstrict , and the peculiar . Of the third place . The third or inward region is a more inward part of the mouth inclosed with the flat of the tongue , very neer vnto the last place of vowels , wherein are likewise framed fower consonants : that is , one mute , one seminute , one greater obstrict , and one lesser obstrict . What are mutes ? of the order of their framing , and of their property . The mutes , in respect of the restraint of the motion of the ayre , are the greatest extreame of all the other sounds , the ayre in them being more strictly hindered , then in the rest : and they are framed by the quite stopping and cutting off of the breath from ' its motion , which causeth a kind of dumbe sound to be vttered , and they are made three differents , in respect of the three different places wherein they are stopped . And these dumbe sounds cannot well bee vttered , vnles they be ioyned with some other sounds to expresse themselues by . Of the semimutes . The semimutes are : caused by the quite stopping of the breath from the passage of it through the mouth , so that in their owne proper places of restraint they giue no sound at all , but by a contrary course , hauing a restrictiue passage through the nostrils , they thereby admit of a sound , And they are made three differents also , by the three places of their stopping . Of the greater obstricts . They are framed by the stopping of the breath not with a full restraint , but leauing some small passage for it , whereby it may bee breathed out at the mouth , And they being not so much restrained as the mutes , nor hauing so free a passage as the lesser obstricts , are as a meane to those two extreames , and they are also three differents , by reason of their three seuerall places of construction . Of the lesser obstricts . They are framed after the same manner as the greater , onely differ in this , that somewhat greater and freer passage is admitted to them ; yet they haue not so free a passage as the vowells , but are as a meane betweene the vowells and greater obstricts , and they are also three differents , in respect of their three seuerall places of construction . Of the peculiar . It is framed by a speciall manner onely proper to it selfe , by the stopping of the breath with the tip of the tongue in the outermost part of the roofe or middle region of consonāts , yet leauing it two seuerall passages between the edges of the inward gums , and both the edges and sides of the tongue , through which the breath passing , and beating against the cheekes , from thence issueth out at the mouth . Of the manner of framing , and of the nature of the consonant in the breast . This sound in respect of the order of framing of it , differeth not from a mute , but to distinguish it from the other mutes framed in the mouth , I haue named it ( as heretofore it hath been called ) an aspirate , and it is caused by a restraint and suddain stay of the motion of the breath in the breast , before it comes to the passage of the throat , which giueth so small a noise , as it can scarce sensibly be discerned . And it being vsed before or after any of the other consonants scarce sheweth foorth it selfe , but causeth those with whom it is ioyned , to seeme different sounds from their true quality , yet with some kind of resemblance thereunto . Finis de voce audienda . Vox Videnda . Which is writing , or the Characters of Mans voice . What is writing . VVRiting is an artificiall framing of certaine markes and Characters different in forme and shape for euery seuerall sound in mans voice , whereby each simple sound hauing a proper mark appointed to it selfe , may by the same be as apparantly seene to the eye , as the sound it selfe is sensibly discerned by the eares . Of the generall distinction and naming of the Characters of the voyce . They are generally distinct , and named by cliffes , notes , and letters . The cliffes and notes for the sounds of different quantity pertinent to musique , that is , the cliffes to expresse their seuerall heights , the notes to expresse their different measures of time , and the letters for the expressing of the sounds of different quality pertinent to speech . Of the particular naming and distinction of cliffes . They are particularly named accordingly as is set downe in the scale of musique , as gamut , are , and the rest . Of the particular naming and distinction of notes . They are called of musitions by seuerall names , as crotchets , quauers , minoms , semi-briefes , and such like , according to the different measure of time , wherein their sounds are continued . Of the particular naming and distinction of letters . All Letters are in some sort distinctly named by their owne simple sounds , except onely those appointed for the aspirate & mutes , which cannot wel be vttered vnles they be ioyned in a composed sillable with some other soūd ; yet for the better expressing of them , in respect that the short vowells by reason of their slender and vnsteady organe giue but a wauering and vncertaine sound , and of the consonants , the aspirate and mutes of themselues , by reason of the quite stopping of the breath in them , giue scarce any sound at all , and the rest by reason of the streight passage of the breath but a dull & muttering kind of sound . It will therefore bee requisite in the naming of them to ioyne the short Vowells in a sillable ending with some setled consonant , and the consonants in a sillable beginning or ending with some of the vowells , hauing a more clerer passage , that by the cōtrarieties of each sort being ioyned and placed together , both may bee made the more perspicuous and sensible to the eare , euen as contrary colours layd together seeme more apparant , and are better discerned to the eye ; that therefore euery letter might haue a certaine and perfect name , I haue disposed and ordered them as followeth : The short vowells , to expresse the names of their seuerall letters , to be seuerally ioyned with the aspirate and to enioy the first part of the sillable , the long vowells being very perfect sounds , to be themselues the names of their owne letters . Of consonants , the aspirat to be set before , and ioyned to the first long vowell . The mutes to bee ioyned in this order , that in the inward region to the second long vowell , that in the middle region , to the third long vowell ; and that in the outward region to the fourth long vowell . In which composed sillables the mutes to be first pronounced , and according to this order both the greater & lesser obstricts to be also ioyned to the same three last mentioned long vowells . But the semimutes to be put after , and ioyned to certaine short vowells , that in the inward region to the second short vowell , that in the middle region to the third short vowell , and that in the outward region to the fourth short vowell : And lastly , the peculiar to be ioyned in the latter part of a sillable composed of it selfe , and the third short vowell to expresse also the names of their seuerall letters , which are heereafter formed . Of the order and seuerall formes of the characters for the parts of mans voice . For the sound in the throat , seeing it is necessarily in continuall composition with the rest , to vse any letter or marke for it , would but make writing extraordinary tedious , and worke little or no effect , and for that cause I haue appointed it no character at all . But for the sounds of different quantity arising of the same , they haue excellently of long time been obserued of Musitians , by placing higher or lower ( as the case doth require ) of sundry formed cliffes , as 𝄢 𝄡 𝄞 signifying thereby the faut , C : solfavt , and G solrevt cliffes , that are chiefly in vse , vpon certaine parralell lynes drawne one aboue another to expres the height or depth of their sounds , in such and the like sort , as is set downe in the three first sections of the ensuing dyagram , and by sundry notes thus figured , 톼텮 톺텥 톹텥 𝆹 with diuers others , framed for the quauers , Crotchets , Mynoms , Semibriefes , and the like , to expresse the length or shortnesse of the time , wherein their sounds are to be continued , which after the placing of any of the cliffes to guide the taking of their true heights , they also set higher or lower , and seuerally disperse vpon and between the same lines , accordingly as the ayre of the musique doth require , in such and other like manner , as in the fourth and last section of the same diagram they are hereafter placed . Of the formes of the letters wherewith I haue noted the vowels according to the order of their places . In the first place . The short vowell I haue figured thus . — The long vowell . — In the second place . The short vowell . — The long vowell . — In the third place . The short vowell . — The long vowell . — In the fourth place . The short vowell . — The long vowell . — In the fift place . The short vowell . — The long vowell . — For the more manifest demonstration of the construction of the vowells , I haue here deuised and placed this ensuing figure . The scale of vowells . By the archlyne A B , is represented the roofe of the mouth , by the point C , from whence the fiue seuerall lynes are drawne , is supposed the roote of the tongue , by euery of those lynes the tongue it selfe , and by the seuerall angles of the same lynes vnder are supposed certaine eleuations & bendings of the tongue , which cause the fiue seuerall sounds called short vowells , for which the same characters are framed , and by the seuerall points vnder are supposed also seuerall eleuations of the tongue from any one of the said angles or places of the short vowells , to the saide seuerall points , whereby are made certaine longer organes , in which are framed the fiue seuerall sounds called long vowells , for which the said characters are appointed , and by the circle in which O is inscribed , is to be vnderstood the pipe or passage in the throat , through which the breath passeth , before it commeth to be fashioned by any of the organes of the tongue , placed in the roofe of the mouth , which in the said figure are afore described . Of the formes of the letters which I haue obserued for the consonants in the mouth , according to the order of their places . In the first or outward region . For the mute I haue put this character . — For the semimute this . — For the greater obstrict . — For the lesser obstrict . — In the middle region . For the mute this . — For the semi-mute . — For the greater obstrict . — For the lesser obstrict . — For the peculiar . — In the inward region . For the mute this . — For the semi-mute . — For the greater obstrict . — For the lesser obstrict . — Of the forme of the letter for the aspirate . The aspirate I haue noted by this small oblique stroake . — The pronuntiation of these three letters in this order as they heere are placed xox by reason of the vicini ty of the places of construction is so speedily performed , as that it seemes to be but one simple consonant sound , nor indeed can it be discerned to be otherwise , vnlesse by a very diligent obseruation ; and because the same is very frequent in speeche , to write it so often at length would be troublesome : Therefore for breuity sake in writing , I haue contracted those three letters falling out in that order into one Character thus . xx Of the distinguishing of sillables . That euery sillable might be aptly and seuerally distinguished , it is here meet to deuise some certaine accent or marke to bee placed ouer the first letter of the sillable , to signifie where it takes beginning . For that accent therefore I haue appointed onely a little point thus ( . ) where there is no note of aspiration in any part of the sillable , otherwise I haue expressed it with a small stroake parralell to the heads of the letters thus ( - ) where the sillable hath an aspired note . Of the manner of placing of the aspirate . The aspirate note being for the least of all the simple sounds , is as it were too small to bee accompted or placed amongst the other letters , yet too big to be tearmed an accent . Neuerthelesse for that it is of so frequent vse amongst the other letters , to auoid tediousnes in writing , and for ease of worke , I haue appointed it ( as aforesaid ) this small Character ( ) to be fixed to either or both ends of the long accent , as the case shall require in this order , to wit , if a sillable begin with an aspirat , and end not with it ( which I call former aspired ) then to fix it at the hither end of the accent towards the left hand thus ( ) if a sillable begin without an aspirate , and end aspired ( which I call latter aspired ) thē to fix at it the further end of the accent next vnto the right hād thus ( ) and if both beginning and ending of a sillable be aspired , which I call double aspired , then to fix it at both ends of the accent thus . ( ) Of Tones . There is yet one thing more , very necessary to be known and carefully to be obserued in pronuntiation , to wit , the eleuation and depression of the voyce vsed in speech , being in manner different from the rising and falling of the voyce in the sounds of different quantity spoken of before , and this kind of lifting vp and depressing of the voyce is caused by a contraction of the lungs and hollow parts of the body , wherein the ayre is inclosed , sometimes being more speedy sending foorth the ayre through ' its passages with a swift motion , whereby the sound of the speech is made more forceable to be heard , and sometimes being more slow , & more weakly pressing forth the ayre , wherby the sound of the speech is somewhat lessened , and by this different motion and expulsion of the ayre , three kinds of vtterances vsuall in the pronuntiation of words doe arise all differing in proportion , which Grammarians generally doe call toni , and particularly distinguish them , Acutus being the highest , Grauis being the lowest , Circumflexus being the meane . Kinds of vtterance of each sillable . And in the continued course of the speeche two sillables following together are neuer pronounced both in one tone , but each sillable is alwayes vttered either higher or lower then the last preceding in the word or sentence . Of the figuring of the tones . They are thus figured by Grammarians , namely the acute or highest tone by an oblique stroke ascending towards the right hand in this manner , ( ´ ) the lowest tone by an oblike stroke descending towards the right hand thus ( ` ) and the circumflex being the meane between the other two by both the strokes ioyned together with the points downward thus , ( ) which tones it is most conuenient to place so neer as may be at the beginning of each sillable ; but this circumflex note I wholly omit , and for ease of worke onely vse the other two , so that any sillable hauing no tone marked ouer it may be taken for the circumflex or mean between the highest & lowest . And if either of these two tones happen to fall out in a sillable wholly vnaspired , then that so hapning being placed ouer the first letter of the sillable may serue to shew the beginning of the sillable , in stead of this litle point of distinction ( . ) which before I thought meet to obserue , and in such case that point is to be omittde . Breue de voce poema Latinum in nouo ordine literarum ante edocto , iuxta Anglicanam nostram pronuntiationem conscriptum . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Idem poema in ordine literarum modò vsitato . PArua licet , tenuisque licet , mihi magna potestas : Per terram victrix per mare sum domina , Quem calor & frigus cingant , mihi subiacet ●er , Aequè vt participem , sic Deus instituit . Non mihi magna cohors , mea si quadrata caterua , Quinque tibi solùm praestat vbique latus , Quos si dux sapiens nectat simùl ordine recto . Sunt facilesque boni , sunt rigidique boni : Hos ducit si quandò expers ratione , remissi . Barbari , & insulsi terribilesque forent : Qualis ego , tantae cui vires ? nomina cunctis Imposui , nomen VOX quoque fingo mihi ; Mentis ego interpres , artis cunctaeque Magistra , Expositrix velox discriminis varij . Doctrinae radix caelos & tartara ram●i . Tangunt & fructus mors modo , vita modo ; Me famam Latiumque sagax , me Graecia docta , Me tenuit primum , sancta Iudaea decus . Et ( Ioue propitio ) me magna Britannia Romam Concussit tetram , pandit & inscitiam : Hoc tantum reliquis , liceat mihi dicere missis : Non mihi sit rector , qui sibi non dominus . Epilogus . VImina non vltravolucris , nec vincta catenam It canis , & fraenum triste reducit equum . Mens infausta nimis triplici quae carcere clausa est . Quid videt vt discat , quid videt vt doceat En ego protulerim subiecta haec , proxima menti . Ah , me plus miserum discere vincla vetunt FINIS . 
A17877	----	Obseruations in the art of English poesie. By Thomas Campion. Wherein it is demonstratiuely prooued, and by example confirmed, that the English toong will receiue eight seuerall kinds of numbers, proper to it selfe, which are all in this booke set forth, and were neuer before this time by any man attempted Campion, Thomas, 1567-1620. 1602 Approx. 52 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 25 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2003-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A17877 STC 4543 ESTC S118604 99853811 99853811 19209 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A17877) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 19209) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 416:06) Obseruations in the art of English poesie. By Thomas Campion. Wherein it is demonstratiuely prooued, and by example confirmed, that the English toong will receiue eight seuerall kinds of numbers, proper to it selfe, which are all in this booke set forth, and were neuer before this time by any man attempted Campion, Thomas, 1567-1620. [6], 43, [1] p. By Richard Field for Andrew Wise, Printed at London : 1602. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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English language -- Rhyme -- Early works to 1800. 2002-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-01 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2003-06 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2003-06 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2003-08 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion OBSERVATIONS in the Art of English Poesie . By Thomas Campion . Wherein it is demonstratiuely prooued , and by example confirmed , that the English toong will receiue eight seuerall kinds of numbers , proper to it selfe , which are all in this booke set forth , and were neuer before this time by any man attempted . Printed at London by RICHARD FIELD for Andrew Wise. 1602. To the Right Noble and worthily honourd , the Lord Buckhurst , Lord high Treasurer of England . IN two things ( right honorable ) it is generally agreed that man excels all other creatures , in reason , and speech : and in them by how much one man surpasseth an other , by so much the neerer he aspires to a celestiall essence . Poesy in all kind of speaking is the chiefe beginner , and maintayner of eloquence , not only helping the eare with the acquaintance of sweet numbers , but also raysing the minde to a more high and lofty conceite . For this end haue I studyed to induce a true forme of versefying into our language : for the vulgar and vnarteficiall custome of riming hath I know deter'd many excellent wits from the exercise of English Poesy . The obseruations which I haue gathered for this purpose , I humbly present to your Lordship , as to the noblest iudge of Poesy , and the most honorable protector of all industrious learning ; which if your Honour shall vouchsafe to receiue , who both in your publick , and priuate Poemes haue so deuinely crowned your fame , what man will dare to repine ? or not striue to imitate them ? VVherefore with all humility I subiect my selfe and them to your gratious fauour , beseeching you in the noblenes of your mind to take in worth so simple a present , which by some worke drawne from my more serious studies , I will hereafter endeuour to excuse . Your Lordships humbly deuoted THOMAS CAMPION . The Writer to his Booke . WHether thus hasts my little booke so fast ? To Paules Churchyard ; what in those cels to stād , With one leafe like a riders cloke put vp To catch a termer ? or lye mustie there With rimes a terme set out , or two before ? Some will redeeme me ; fewe ; yes , reade me too ; Fewer ; nay loue me ; now thou dot'st I see ; Will not our English Athens arte defend ? Perhaps ; will lofty courtly wits not ayme Still at perfection ? If I graunt ? I slye ; Whether ? to Pawles ; Alas poore booke I rue Thy rash selfe-loue , goe spread thy pap'ry wings , Thy lightnes can not helpe , or hurt my fame . Obseruations in the Art of English Poesy , by Thomas Campion . The first Chapter , intreating of numbers in generall . THere is no writing too breefe , that without obscuritie comprehends the intent of the writer . These my late obseruations in English Poesy I haue thus briefely gathered , that they might proue the lesse troublesome in perusing , and the more apt to be retayn'd in memorie . And I will first generally handle the nature of Numbers . Number is discreta quantitas , so that when we speake simply of number , we intend only the disseuer'd quantity ; But when we speake of a Poeme written in number , we consider not only the distinct number of the sillables , but also their value , which is contained in the length or shortnes of their sound . As in Musick we do not say a straine of so many notes , but so many sem'briefes ( though sometimes there are no more notes then sem'briefes ) so in a verse the numeration of the sillables is not so much to be obserued , as their waire , and due proportion . In ioyning of words to harmony there is nothing more offensiue to the eare then to place a long sillable with a short note , or a short sillable with a long note , though in the last the vowell often beares it out . The world is made by Simmetry and proportion , and is in that respect compared to Musick , and Musick to Poetry : for Terence saith speaking of Poets , artem qui tractant musicam , confounding musick and Poesy together . What musick can there be where there is no proportion obserued ? Learning first flourished in Greece , from thence it was deriued vnto the Romaines , both diligent obseruers of the number , and quantity of sillables , not in their verses only , but likewise in their prose . Learning after the declining of the Romaine Empire , and the pollution of their language through the conquest of the Barbarians , lay most pitifully deformed , till the time of Erasmus , Rewcline , Sir Thomas More , and other learned men of that age , who brought the Latine toong againe to light , redeeming it with much labour out of the hands of the illiterate Monks and Friers : as a scoffing booke , entituled Epistolae obscurorum virorum , may sufficiently testi●ie . In those lack-learning times , and in barbarized ●taly , began that vulgar and easie kind of Poesie which is now in vse throughout most parts of Christendome , which we abusiuely call Rime , and Meeter , of Rithmus and Metrum , of which I will ●ow discourse . The second Chapter , declaring the vnaptnesse of Rime in Poesie . I Am not ignorant that whosoeuer shall by way of reprehension examine the imperfections of Rime , must encounter with many glorious enemies , and those very expert , and ready at their weapon , that can if neede be extempore ( as they ●●y ) rime a man to death . Besides there is growne kind of prescription in the vse of Rime , to foreall the right of true numbers , as also the consent ●f many nations , against all which it may seeme a ●●ing almost impossible , and vaine to contend . ●ll this and more can not yet deterre me from a ●wful defence of perfection , or make me any whit ●●e sooner adheare to that which is lame and vn●eseeming . For custome I alleage , that ill vses are to be abolisht , and that things naturally imperfec● can not be perfected by vse . Old customes , if they be better , why should they not be recald , as the yet florishing custome of numerous poesy vsed among the Romanes and Grecians : But the vnaptnes of our toongs , and the difficultie of imitation dishartens vs ; againe the facilitie & popularitie of Rime creates as many Poets , as a hot sommer flies . But let me now examine the nature of that which we call Rime . By Rime is vnderstoode that which ends in the like sound , so that verses in such mane● composed , yeeld but a continual repetition of tha● Rhetoricall figure which we tearme similiter desinentia , and that being but figura verbi , ought ( a Tully and all other Rhetoritians haue iudicially obseru'd ) sparingly to be vsd , least it should offen● the care with tedions affectation . Such was tha● absurd following of the letter amōgst our English so much of late affected , but now hist out of Paule● Churchyard : which foolish figuratiue repetition crept also into the Latine toong , as it is manifest in the booke of P s cald praelia porcorum , and an other pamphlet all of F s , which I haue seene imprinted ; but I will leaue these follies to their own● ruine , and returne to the matter intended . Th● eare is a rationall sence , and a chiefe iudge of proportion , but in our kind of riming what proportion is there kept , where there remaines such a confusd inequalitie of sillables ? Iambick and Trochaick feete which are opposd by nature , are by all Rimers confounded , nay oftentimes they place in stead of an Iambick the foote Pyrrychius , consisting of two short sillables , curtalling their verse , which they supply in reading with a ridiculous , and vnapt drawing of their speech . As for example : Was it my desteny , or dismall chaunce ? In this verse the two last sillables of the word , Desteny , being both short , and standing for a whole foote in the verse , cause the line to fall out shorter then it ought by nature . The like impure errors haue in time of rudenesse bene vsed in the Latine toong , as the Carmina prouerbialia can witnesse , and many other such reuerend bables . But the noble Grecians and Romaines whose skilfull monuments outliue barbarisme , tyed themselues to the strict obseruation of poeticall numbers , so abandoning the childish titillation of riming , that it was imputed a great error to Ouid for setting forth this one riming verse , Quot coelum stellas tot habet tua Roma puellas . For the establishing of this argument , what bette● confirmation can be had , then that of Sir Thoma● Moore in his booke of Epigrams , where he make● two sundry Epitaphs vpon the death of a singin● man at Westminster , the one in learned number● and dislik't , the other in rude rime and highly extold : so that he concludes , tales lactucas talia labr● petunt , like lips , like lettuce . But there is yet another fault in Rime altogether intollerable , which is that it inforceth a man oftentimes to abiure hi● matter , and extend a short conceit beyond a● bounds of arte : for in Quatorzens me thinks th● Poet handles his subiect as tyrannically as Procru●stes the thiefe his prisoners , whom when he ha● taken , he vsed to cast vpon a bed , which if the● were too short to fill , he would stretch thē longe● if too long , he would cut them shorter . Bring before me now any the most selfe-lou'd Rimer , & le● me see if without blushing he be able to reade hi● lame halting rimes . Is there not a curse of Natur● laid vpon such rude Poesie , when the Writer i● himself asham'd of it , and the hearers in contemp● call it Riming and Ballating ? What Deuine in hi● Sermon , or graue Counseller in his Oration wil● alleage the testimonie of a rime ? But the deuinit● of the Romaines and Gretians was all written in verse : and Aristotle , Galene , and the bookes of all the excellent Philosophers are full of the testimonies of the old Poets . By them was laid the foundation of all humane wisedome , and from them the knowledge of all antiquitie is deriued . I will propound but one question , and so conclude this point . If the Italians , Frenchmen and Spanyards , that with commendation haue written in Rime , were demaunded whether they had rather the bookes they haue publisht ( if their toong would beare it ) should remaine as they are in Rime , or be translated into the auncient numbers of the Greekes and Romaines , would they not answere into numbers ? What honour were it then for our English language to be the first that after so many yeares of barbarisme could second the perfection of the industrious Greekes and Romaines ? which how it may be effected I will now proceede to demonstrate . The third Chapter : of our English numbers in generall . THere are but three feete , which generally distinguish the Greeke and Latine verses , the Dactil consisting of one long sillable and two short , as vīuĕrĕ the Trochy , of one long and one short , as vītă , and the Iambick of one short and one long , as ămōr . The Spondee of two long , the Tribrach of three short , the Anapaestick of two short and a long , are but as seruants to the first . Diuers other feete I know are by the Grammarians cited , but to little purpose . The Heroical verse that is distinguisht by the Dactile , hath bene oftentimes attempted in our English toong , but with passing pitifull successe : and no wonder , seeing it is an attempt altogether against the nature of our language . For both the concurse of our monasillables make our verses vnapt to slide , and also if we examine our polysillables , we shall finde few of them by reason of their heauinesse , willing to serue in place of a Dactile . Thence it is , that the writers of English heroicks do so often repeate Amyntas , Olympus , Auernus , Erinnis , and such like borrowed words , to supply the defect of our hardly intreated Dactile . I could in this place set downe many ridiculous kinds of Dactils which they vse , but that it is not my purpose here to incite men to laughter . If we therefore reiect the Dactil as vnfit for our vse ( which of necessity we are enforst to do , there remayne only the Iambick foote , of which the Iambick verse is fram'd , and the Trochee , frō which the Trochaick numbers haue their originall . Let vs now then examine the property of these two feete , and try if they consent with the nature of our English sillables . And first for the Iambicks , they fall out so naturally in our toong , that if we examine our owne writers , we shall find they vnawares hit oftentimes vpon the true Iambick numbers , but alwayes ayme at them as far as their eare without the guidance of arte can attaine vnto , as it shall hereafter more euidently appeare . The Trochaick foote which is but an Iambick turn'd ouer and ouer , must offorce in like manner accord in proportion with our Brittish sillables , and so produce an English Trochaicall verse . Then hauing these two principall kinds of verses , we may easily out of them deriue other formes , as the Latines and Greekes before vs haue done , whereof I will make plaine demonstration , beginning at the Iambick verse . The fourth Chapter , of the Iambick verse . I Haue obserued , and so may any one that is either practis'd in singing , or hath a naturall eare able to time a song , that the Latine verses of sixe feete , as the Heroick and Iambick or of fiue feete , as the Trochaick are in nature all of the same length of sound with our English verses of fiue feete ; for either of them being tim'd with the hand quinque perficiunt tempora , they fill vp the quantity ( as it were ) of fiue sem'briefs , as for example , if any man will proue to time these verses with his hand . A pure Iambick . Suis & ipsa Roma viribus ruit . A licentiate Iambick . Ducunt volentes fata , nolentes trahunt . An Heroick verse . Tytere tu patulae recubans sub tegmine fagi. A Trochaick verse . Nox est perpetua vna dormienda . English Iambicks pure . The more secure , the more the more the stroke we feele Of vnpreuented harms ; so gloomy stormes Appeare the sterner if the day be cleere . Th'English Iambick licentiate . Harke how these winds do murmur at thy flight . The English Trochee . Still where Enuy leaues , remorse doth enter . The cause why these verses differing in feete yeeld the same length of sound , is by reason of some rests which either the necessity of the numbers , or the heauines of the sillables do beget . For we find in musick , that oftentimes the straines of a song can not be reduct to true number without some rests prefixt in the beginning and middle , as also at the close if need requires . Besides , our English monasillables enforce many breathings which no doubt greatly lengthen a verse , so that it is no wonder if for these reasons our English verses of fiue feete hold pace with the Latines of sixe . The pure Iambick in English needes small demonstration , because it consists simply of Iambick feete , but our Iambick licentiate offers it selfe to a farther consideration ; for in the third and fift place we must of force hold the Iambick foote , in the first , second , and fourth place we may vse a Spondee or Iambick and sometime a Tribrack or Dactile , but rarely an Anapestick foote , and that in the second or fourth place . But why an Iambick in the third place ? I answere , that the forepart of the verse may the gentlier slide into his Dimeter , as for example sake deuide this verse : Harke how these winds do murmure at thy flight . Harke how these winds , there the voice naturally affects a rest , then murmur at thy flight , that is of it selfe a perfect number , as I will declare in the next Chapter , and therefore the other odde sillable betweene thē ought to be short , least the verse should hang too much betweene the naturall pause of the verse , and the Dimeter following , the which Dimeter though it be naturally Trochaical , yet it seemes to haue his originall out of the Iambick verse . But the better to confirme and expresse these rules , I will set downe a short Poeme in Licentiate Iambicks , which may giue more light to them that shall hereafter imitate these numbers . Goe numbers boldly passe , stay not for ayde Of shifting rime , that easie flatterer Whose witchcraft can the ruder eares beguile ; Let your smooth feete enur'd to purer arte True measures tread ; what if your pace be slow ? And hops not like the Grecian elegies ? It is yet gracefull , and well fits the state Of words ill-breathed , and not shap't to runne : Goe then , but slowly till your steps be firme , Tell them that pitty , or peruersely skorne Poore English Poesie as the slaue to rime , You are those loftie numbers that reuiue Triumphs of Princes , and sterne tragedies : And learne henceforth t' attend those happy sprights Whose bounding fury , height , and waight affects , Assist their labour , and sit close to them , Neuer to part away till for desert Their browes with great Apollos bayes are hid . He first taught number , and true harmonye , Nor is the lawrell his for rime bequeath'd , Call him with numerous accents paisd by arte He 'le turne his glory from the sunny clymes , The North-bred wits alone to patronise . Let France their Bartas , Italy Tasso prayse , Phaebus shuns none , but in their slight from him . Though as I said before , the naturall breathing place of our English Iambick verse is in the last sillable of the second foote , as our Trochy after the manner of the Latine Heroick and Iambick rests naturally in the first of the third foote : yet no man is tyed altogether to obserue this rule , but he may alter it , after the iudgement of his eare , which Poets , Orators , and Musitions of all men ought to haue most excellent . Againe , though I said peremtorily before , that the third , and fift place of our licentiate Iambick must alwayes hold an Iambick foote , yet I will shew you example in both places Where a Tribrack may be very formally taken , and first in the third place , Some trade in Barbary , some in Turky trade . An other example . Men that do fall to misery , quickly fall . If you doubt whether the first of misery be naturally short or no , you may iudge it by the easie sliding of these two verses following : The first . Whome misery can not alter , time deuours . The second . What more vnhappy life , what misery more ? Example of the Tribrack in the fift place , as you may perceiue in the last foote of the fift verse . Some from the starry throne his fame deriues , Some from the mynes beneath , from trees , or herbs , Each hath his glory , each his sundry gift , Renown'd in eu'ry art there liues not any . To proceede farther , I see no reason why the English Iambick in his first place may not as well borrow a foote of the Trochy , as our Trochy or the Latine Hendicasillable may in the like case make bold with the Iambick : but it must be done euer with this caueat , which is , that a Sponde , Dactile or Tribrack do supply the next place : for an Iambick beginning with a single short sillable , and the other ending before with the like , would too much drinke vp the verse if they came immediatly together . The example of the Sponde after the Trochy . As the faire sonne the light some heau'n adorns . The example of the Dactil . Noble , ingenious , and discreetly wise . The example of the Tribrack . Beawty to ielosie brings ioy , sorrow , seare . Though I haue set downe these second licenses as good and ayreable enough , yet for the most part my first rules are generall . These are those numbers which Nature in our English destinates to the Tragick , and Heroik Poeme : for the subiect of them both being all one , I see no impediment why one verse may not serue for them both , as it appeares more plainely in the old comparison of the two Greeke writers , when they say , Homerus est Sophocles heroicus , and againe , Sophocles est Homerus tragicus , intimating that both Sophocles and Homer are the same in height and subiect , and differ onely in the kinde of their numbers . The Iambick verse in like manner being yet made a little more licentiate , that it may thereby the neerer imitate our common talke , will excellently serue for Comedies , and then may we vse a Sponde in the fift place , and in the third place any foote except a Trochy , which neuer enters into our Iambick verse , but in the first place , and then with his caueat of the other feete which must of necessitie follow . The fift Chapter , of the Iambick Dimeter , or English march . THe Dimeter ( so called in the former Chapter ) I intend next of all to handle , because it seems to be a part of the Iambick which is our most naturall and auncient English verse . We may terme this our English march , because the verse answers our warlick forme of march in similitude of number . But call it what you please , for I will not wrangle about names , only intending to set down the nature of it and true structure . It consists of two feete and one odde sillable . The first foote may be made either a Trochy , or a Spondee , or an Iambick at the pleasure of the composer , though most naturally that place affects a Trochy or Spondee ; yet by the example of Catullus in his Hendicasillables , I adde in the first place sometimes an Iambick foote . In the second place we must euer insert a Trochy or Tribrack , and so leaue the last sillable ( as in the end of a verse it is alwaies held ) common . Of this kinde I will subscribe three examples , the first being a peece of a Chorus in a Tragedy . Rauing warre begot In the thirstye sands Of the Lybian Iles Wasts our emptye fields , What the greedye rage Of fell wintrye stormes , Could not turne to spoile , Fierce Bellona now Hath laid desolate , Voyd of fruit , or hope . Th'eger thriftye hinde Whose rude toyle reuiu'd Our skie-blasted earth Himselfe is but earth , Left a skorne to fate Through seditious armes : And that soile , aliue Which he duly nurst , Which him duly fed , Dead his body feeds : Yet not all the glebe His tuffe hands manur'd Now one turfe affords His poore funerall . Thus still needy liues , Thus still needy dyes Th' vnknowne multitude . An example Lyrical . Greatest in thy wars , Greater in thy peace Dread Elizabeth ; Our muse only Truth Figments can not vse Thy ritch name to deck That it selfe adornes : But should now this age Let all poesye fayne , Fayning poesy could Nothing faine at all Worthy halfe thy fame . An example Epigrammicall . Kind in euery kinde This deare Ned resolue , Neuer of thy prayse Be too prodigall ; He that prayseth all Can praise truly none . The sixt Chapter , of the English Trochaick verse . NExt in course to be intreated of is the English Trochaick , being a verse simple , and of it selfe ●epending . It consists , as the Latine Trochaick of ●●ue feete , the first where of may be a Trochy , a Spon●ee , or an Iambick , the other foure of necessity all ●rochyes , still holding this rule authenticall , that ●●e last sillable of a verse is alwayes common . The ●●irit of this verse most of all delights in Epigrams , ●ut it may be diuersly vsed , as shall hereafter be de●●ared . I haue written diuers light Poems in this ●●nde , which for the better satisfaction of the rea●er , I thought conuenient here in way of example 〈◊〉 publish . In which though sometimes vnder a knowne name I haue shadowed a fain'd conceit ▪ yet is it done without reference , or offence to any person , and only to make the stile appeare the more English. The first Epigramme . Lockly spits apace , the rhewme he cals it , But no drop ( though often vrgd ) he straineth From his thirstie iawes , yet all the morning , And all day he spits , in eu'ry corner , At his meales he spits , at eu'ry meeting , At the barre he spits before the Fathers , In the Court he spits before the Graces , In the Church he spits , thus all prophaning With that rude disease , that empty spitting : Yet no cost he spares , he fees the Doctors , Keepes a strickt diet , precisely vseth Drinks and bathes drying , yet all preuailes not . 'T is not China ( Lockly ) Salsa Guacum , Nor dry Sassafras can helpe , or ease thee ; 'T is no humor hurts , it is thy humor . The second Epigramme . Cease fond wretch to loue so oft deluded , Still made ritch with hopes , still vnrelieued , Now fly her delaies ; she that debateth Feeles not true desire , he that deferred Others times attends , his owne betrayeth : Learne t' affect thy selfe , thy cheekes deformed With pale care reuiue by timely pleasure , Or with skarlet heate them , or by paintings Make thee louely , for such arte she vseth Whome in vayne so long thy folly loued . The third Epigramme . Kate can fancy only berdles husbands , That 's the cause she shakes off eu'ry suter , That 's the cause she liues so stale a virgin , For before her heart can heate her answer , Her smooth youths she finds all hugely berded . The fourth Epigramme . All in sattin Oteny will be suted , Beaten sattin ( as by chaunce he cals it ) Oteny sure will haue the bastinado . The fift Epigramme . Tosts as snakes or as the mortall Henbane Hunks detests when huffcap ale he tipples , Yet the bread he graunts the fumes abateth : Therefore apt in ale , true , and he graunts it , But it drinks vp ale , that Hunks detesteth . The sixt Epigramme . What though Harry braggs , let him be noble . Noble Harry hath not halfe a noble . The seauenth Epigramme . Phaebe all the rights Elisa claymeth , Mighty riuall , in this only diff'ring That shee s only true , thou only fayned . The eight Epigramme . Barnzy stiffly vowes that hee s no Cuckold , Yet the vulgar eu'ry where salutes him With strange signes of hornes , from eu'ry corner , Wheresoere he commes a sundry Cucco Still frequents his eares , yet hee s no Cuccold . But this Barnzy knowes that his Matilda Skorning him with Haruy playes the wanton ; Knowes it ? nay desires it , and by prayers Dayly begs of heau'n , that it for euer May stand firme for him , yet hee s no Cuccold : And t is true , for Haruy keeps Matilda , Fosters Barnzy , and relieues his houshold , Buyes the Cradle , and begets the children , Payes the Nurces eu'ry charge defraying , And thus truly playes Matildas husband : So that Barnzy now becoms a cypher , And himselfe th'adultrer of Matilda . Mock not him with hornes , the case is alterd , Haruy beares the wrong , he proues the Cuccold . The ninth Epigramme . Buffe loues fat vians , fat ale , fat all things , Keepes fat whores , fat offices , yet all men Him fat only wish to feast the gallous . The tenth Epigramme . Smith by sute diuorst , the knowne adultres Freshly weds againe ; what ayles the mad-cap By this fury ? euen so theeues by frailty Of their hempe reseru'd , againe the dismall Tree embrace , againe the fatall halter . The eleuenth Epigramme . His late losse the Wiuelesse Higs in order Eu'rywhere bewailes to friends , to strangers ; Tels them how by night a yongster armed Saught his Wife ( as hand in hand he held her ) With drawne sword to force , she cryed , he mainely Roring ran for ayde , but ( ah ) returning Fled was with the prize the beawty-forcer , Whome in vaine he seeks , he threats , he followes . Chang'd is Hellen , Hellen hugs the stranger Safe as Paris in the Greeke triumphing . Therewith his reports to teares he turneth , Peirst through with the louely Dames remembrance ; Straight he sighes , he raues , his haire he teareth , Forcing pitty still by fresh lamenting . Cease vnworthy , worthy of thy fortunes , Thou that couldst so faire a prize deliuer , For feare vnregarded , vndefended , Hadst no heart I thinke , I know no liuer . The twelfth Epigramme . Why droopst thou Trefeild ? will Hurst the Banker Make dice of thy bones ? by heau'n he can not ; Can not ? what 's the reason ? I le declare it , Th' ar all growne so pockie , and so rotten . The seauenth Chapter , of the English Elegeick verse . THe Elegeick verses challenge the next place , as being of all compound verses the simplest . They are deriu'd out of our owne naturall numbers as neere the imitation of the Greekes and Latines , as our heauy sillables will permit . The first verse is a meere licentiate Iambick ; the second is fram'd of two vnited Dimeters . In the first Dimeter we are tyed to make the first foote either a Trochy or a Spondee , the second a Trochy , and the odde sillable of it alwaies long . The second Dimeter consists of two Trochyes ( because it requires more swiftnes then the first ) and an odde sillable , which being last , is euer common . I will giue you example both of Elegye and Epigramme , in this kinde . An Elegye . Constant to none , but euer false to me , Traiter still to loue through thy faint desires , Not hope of pittie now nor vaine redresse Turns my griefs to steares , and renu'd laments Too well thy empty vowes , and hollow thoughts Witnes both thy wrongs , and remorseles hart . Rue not my sorrow , but blush at my name , Let thy bloudy cheeks guilty thoughts betray . My flames did truly burne , thine made a shew , As fires painted are which no heate retayne , Or as the glossy Pirop faines to blaze , But toucht cold appeares , and an earthy stone , True cullours deck thy cheeks , false foiles thy brest , Frailer then thy light beawty is thy minde . None canst thou long refuse , nor long affect , But turn'st feare with hopes , sorrow with delight , Delaying , and deluding eu'ry way Those whose eyes are once with thy beawty chain'd . Thrice happy man that entring first thy loue , Can so guide the straight raynes of his desires , That both he can regard thee , and refraine : If grac't , firme he stands , if not , easely falls . Example of Epigrams , in Elegeick verse . The first Epigramme . Arthure brooks only those that brooke not him , Those he most regards , and deuoutly serues : But them that grace him his great brau'ry skornes , Counting kindnesse all duty , not desert : Arthure wants forty pounds , tyres eu'ry friend , But finds none that holds twenty due for him . The second Epigramme . If fancy can not erre which vertue guides , In thee Laura then fancy can not erre . The third Epigramme . Drue feasts no Puritans , the churles he saith Thanke no men , but eate , praise God , and depart . The fourth Epigramme . A wiseman wary liues , yet most secure , Sorrowes moue not him greatly , nor delights . Fortune and death he skorning , only makes Th' earth his sober Inne , but still heau'n his home . The fift Epigramme . Thou telst me Barnzy Dawson hath a wife , Thine he hath I graunt , Dawson hath a wife . The English Sapphick . Faiths pure shield the Christian Diana Englands glory crownd with all deuinenesse , Liue long with triumphs to blesse thy people At thy sight triumphing . Loe they sound , the Knights in order armed Entring threat the list , adrest to combat For their courtly loues ; he , hee s the wonder Whome Eliza graceth . Their plum'd pomp the vulgar heaps detaineth , And rough steeds , let vs the still deuices Close obserue , the speeches and the musicks Peacefull arms adorning . But whence showres so fast this angry tempest , Clowding dimme the place ? behold Eliza This day shines not here , this heard , the launces And thick heads do vanish . The second kinde consists of Dimeter , whose first foote may either be a Sponde or a Trochy : The two verses following are both of them Trochaical , and consist of foure feete , the first of either of them being a Spondee or Trochy , the other three only Trochyes . The fourth and last verse is made of two Trochyes . The number is voluble and fit to expresse any amorous conceit . The Example . Rose-cheekt Lawra come Sing thou smoothly with thy beawties Silent musick , either other Sweetely gracing . Louely formes do flowe From concent deuinely framed , Heau'n is musick , and thy beawties Birth is heauenly . These dullnotes we sing Discords neede for helps to grace them , Only beawty purely louing Knowes no discord : But still mooues delight Like cleare springs renu'd by flowing , Euer perfet , euer in themselues eternall . The third kind begins as the second kind ended , with a verse consisting of two Trochy feete , and then as the second kind had in the middle two Trochaick verses offoure feete , so this hath three of the same nature , and ends in a Dimeter as the second began . The Dimeter may allow in the first place a Trochy or a Spondee , but no Iambick . The Example . Iust beguiler , Kindest loue , yet only chastest , Royall in thy smooth denyals , Frowning or demurely smiling Still my pure delight . Let me view thee With thoughts and with eyes affected , And if then the flames do murmur , Quench them with thy vertue , charme them With thy stormy browes . Heau'n so cheerefull Laughs not euer , hory winter Knowes his season , euen the freshest Sommer mornes from angry thunder Iet not still secure . The ninth Chapter , of the Anacreontick verse . IF any shall demaund the reason why this number being in it selfe simple , is plac't after so many compounded numbers , I answere , because I hold it a number too licentiate for a higher place , and in respect of the rest imperfect , yet is it passing gracefull in our English toong , and will excellently fit the subiect of a Madrigall , or any other lofty or tragicall matter . It consists of two feete , the first may be either a Sponde or Trochy , the other must euer represent the nature of a Trochy , as for example : Follow , followe Though with mischiefe Arm'd , like whirlewind Now she flyes thee ; Time can conquer Loues vnkindnes ; Loue can alter Times disgraces ; Till death faint not Then but followe . Could I catch that Nimble trayter Skornefull Lawra , Swift foote Lawra , Soone then would I Seeke auengement ; What 's th'auengement ? Euen submissely Prostrate then to Beg for mercye . Thus haue I briefely described eight seueral kinds of English numbers simple or compound . The first was our Iambick pure and licentiate . The second , that which I call our Dimeter , being deriued either from the end of our Iambick , or from the beginning of our Trochaick . The third which I deliuered was our English Trochaick verse . The fourth our English Elegeick . The fift , sixt , and seauenth , were our English Sapphick , and two other Lyricall numbers , the one beginning with that verse which I call our Dimeter , the other ending with the same . The eight and last was a kind of Anacreontick verse , handled in this Chapter . These numbers which by my long obseruation I haue found agreeable with the nature of our sillables , I haue set forth for the benefit of our language , which I presume the learned will not only imitate , but also polish and amplifie with their owne inuentions . Some eares accustomed altogether to the fatnes of rime , may perhaps except against the cadences of these numbers , but let any man iudicially examine them , and he shall finde they close of themselues so perfectly , that the help of rime were not only in them superfluous , but also absurd . Moreouer , that they agree with the nature of our English it is manifest , because they entertaine so willingly our owne British names , which the writers in English Heroicks could neuer aspire vnto , and euen our Rimers themselues haue rather delighted in borrowed names then in their owne , though much more apt and necessary . But it is now time that I proceede to the censure of our sillables , and that I set such lawes vpon them as by imitation , reason , or experience , I can confirme . Yet before I enter into that discourse , I will briefely recite , and dispose in order all such feete as are necessary for composition of the verses before described . They are sixe in number , three whereof consist of two sillables , and as many of three . Feete of two sillables . Iambick : as rĕuēnge . Trochaick :   Bēawtĭe . Sponde :   cōnstānt . Feete of three sillables . Tribrack : as mĭsĕrĭe . Anapestick :   mĭsĕrīes . Dactile :   Dēstĕnĭe . The tenth Chapter , of the quantity of English sillables . THe Greekes in the quantity of their sillables were farre more licentious then the Latines , as Martiall in his Epigramme of Earinon witnesseth , saying , Musas qui colimus seueriores . But the English may very well challenge much more licence then either of them , by reason it stands chiefely vpon monasillables , which in expressing with the voyce , are of a heauy cariage , and for that cause the Dactil , Trybrack , and Anapestick are not greatly mist in our verses . But aboue all the accent of our words is diligently to be obseru'd , for chiefely by the accent in any language the true value of the sillables is to be measured . Neither can I remember any impediment except position that can alter the accent of any sillable in our English verse . For though we accent the second of Trumpington short , yet is it naturally long , and so of necessity must be held of euery composer . Wherefore the first rule that is to be obserued , is the nature of the accent , which we must euer follow . The next rule is position , which makes euery sillable long , whether the position happens in one or in two words , according to the manner of the Latines , wherein is to be noted that h is no letter . Position is when a vowell comes before two consonants , either in one or two words . In one , as in best , e before st , makes the word best long by position . In two words , as in setled loue : e before d in the last sillable of the first word , and l in the beginning of the second makes led in setlēd long by position . A vowell before a vowell is alwaies short , as , flĭīng , dĭīng , gŏīng , vnlesse the accent alter it , as in dĕnīing . The dipthong in the midst of a word is alwaies long , as plaīing , deceīuing . The Synalaephas or Elisions in our toong are either necessary to auoid the hollownes and gaping in our verse as to , and the , t'inchaunt , th'inchaunter , or may be vsd at pleasure , as for let vs , to say let 's , for we will , wee 'l , for euery , eu'ry , for they are , th' ar , for he is , hee 's , for admired , admir'd , and such like . Also , because our English Orthography ( as the French ) differs from our common pronunciation , we must esteeme our sillables as we speake , not as we write , for the sound of them in a verse is to be valued , and not their letters , as for follow , we pronounce follo , for perfect , perfet , for little , littel , for loue-sick , loue-sik , for honour , honor , for money , mony , for dangerous , dangerus , for raunsome , raunsum , for though , tho , and their like . Deriuatiues hold the quantities of their primatiues , as dĕuōut , dĕuōutelĭe , prŏphāne , prŏphānelĭe , and so do the compositiues , as dēsēru'd ūndĕsēru'd . In words of two sillables , if the last haue a full and rising accent that sticks long vpon the voyce , the first sillable is alwayes short , vnlesse position , or the dipthong doth make it long , as dĕsīre , prĕsērue , dĕfīne , prŏphāne , rĕgārd , mănūre , and such like . If the like dissillables at the beginning haue double consonants of the same kind , we may vse the first sillable as common , but more naturally short , because in their pronunciation we touch but one of those double letters , as ătēnd , ăpēare , ŏpōse . The like we may say when silent and melting consonants meete together , as ădrēst , rĕdrēst , ŏprēst , rĕprēst , rĕtrīu'd , and such like . Words of two sillables that in their last sillable mayntayne a flat or falling accent , ought to hold their first sillable long , as rīgŏr , glōrĭe , spīrĭt , fūrĭe , lāboŭr , and the like : ăny , măny , prĕty , hŏly , and their like , are excepted . One obseruation which leades me to iudge of the difference of these dissillables whereof I last spake , I take from the originall monasillable , which if it be graue , as shāde , I hold that the first of shādĭe must be long , so trūe , trūlĭe , hāue , hāuĭng , tīre , tīrĭng . Words of three sillables for the most part are deriued from words of two sillables , and from them take the quantity of their first sillable , as flōrĭsh , flōrĭshīng long , hŏlĭe hŏlĭnes short , but mi , in mīser being long , hinders not the first of mĭsery to be short , because the sound of the i is a little altred . De , di , and pro , in trisillables ( the second being short ) are long , as dēsŏlāte , dīlĭgēnt , prōdĭgall . Re is euer short , as rĕmĕdĭe , rĕfĕrēnce , rĕdŏlēnt , rĕuĕrēnd . Likewise the first of these trisillables is short , as the first of bĕnĕfit , gĕnĕrall , hĭdĕous , mĕmŏrĭe , nŭmĕrous , pĕnĕtrāte , sĕpĕrat , tĭmĕrous , vărĭānt , vărĭous , and so may we esteeme of all that yeeld the like quicknes of sound . In words of three sillables the quantity of the middle sillable is lightly taken from the last sillable of the originall dissillable , as the last of dĕuīne , ending in a graue or long accent , makes the second of dĕuīnīng also long , and so ēspīe , ēspīīng , dĕnīe , dĕnīīng : contrarywise it falles out if the last of the dissillable beares a flat or falling accent , as glōrĭe , glōrĭīng , enuĭe , ēnuĭīng , and so forth . Words of more sillables are eyther borrowed and hold their owne nature , or are likewise deriu'd , and so follow the quantity of their primatiues , or are knowne by their proper accents , or may be easily censured by a iudiciall care . All words of two or more sillables ending with a falling accent in y or ye , as faīrelie , dĕmurelĭe , beawtĭe , pīttĭe ; or in ue , as vērtuĕ , rēscuĕ , or in ow , as fōllŏw , hōllŏw , or in e , as parlĕ , Daphnĕ , or in a , as Mannă , are naturally short in their last sillables : neither let any man cauill at this licentiate abbreuiating of sillables , contrary to the custome of the Latines , which made all their last sillables that ended in u long , but let him consider that our verse of fiue feete , and for the most part but of ten sillables , must equall theirs of sixe feete and of many sillables , and therefore may with sufficient reason aduenture vpon this allowance . Besides , euery man may obserue what an infinite number of sillables both among the Greekes and Romaines are held as common . But words of two sillables ending with a rising accent in y or ye , as denye , de●erye , or in ue , as ensue , or in ee , as foresee , or in oe , ●s forgoe , are long in their last sillables , vnlesse a ●owell begins the next word . All monasillables that end in a graue accent ●re euer long , as wrāth , hāth , thēse , thōse , toōth , ●ōth , thrōugh , dāy plāy , feāte , speēde , strīfe , flōw , ●ōw , shēw . The like rule is to be obserued in the last of dissillables , bearing a graue rising sound , as deuine , delaie , retire , refuse , manure , or a graue falling sound , as fortune , pleasure , rampire . All such as haue a double consonant lengthning them , as wārre , bārre , stārre , fūrre , mūrre , appeare to me rather long then any way short . There are of these kinds other , but of a lighter sound , that if the word following do begin with a vowell are short , as doth , though , thou , now , they , two , too , flye , dye , true , due , see , are , far , you , thee , and the like . These monasillables are alwayes short , as ă , thĕ , thĭ , shĕ , wĕ , bĕ , hĕ , nŏ , tŏ , gŏ , sŏ , dŏ , and the like . But if i , or y , are ioyn'd at the beginning of a word with any vowell , it is not then held as a vowell , but as a consonant , as Ielosy , iewce , iade , ioy , Iudas , ye , yet , yel , youth , yoke . The like is to be obseru'd in w , as winde , wide , wood : and in all words that begin with va , ve , vi , vo , or vu , as vacant , vew , vine , voide , and vulture . All Monasillables or Polysillables that end in single consonants , either written , or sounded with single consonants , hauing a sharp liuely accent , and standing without position of the word following , are short in their last sillable , as scăb , flĕd , pārtĕd , Gŏd , ŏf , ĭf , bāndŏg , ānguĭsh , sĭck , quĭck , rīuăl , wĭll , pēoplĕ , sīmplĕ , comĕ , sŏme , hĭm , thĕm , frŏm , sūmmŏn , thĕn , prŏp , prōspĕr , hōnŭr , lāboŭr , thĭs , hĭs , spēchĕs , gōddĕsse , pērfĕct , bŭt , whăt , thăt , and their like . The last sillable of all words in the plurall number that haue two or more vowels before s , are long , as vertūes , dutīes , miserīes , fellowēs . These rules concerning the quantity of our English sillables I haue disposed as they came next into my memory , others more methodicall , time and practise may produce . In the meane season , as the Grammarians leaue many sillables to the authority of Poets , so do I likewise leaue many to their iudgements ; and withall thus conclude , that there is no Art begun and perfected at one enterprise . FINIS . 
A16874	----	Pueriles confabulatiunculæ: or Childrens dialogues Little conferences, or talkings together, or little speeches together, or dialogues fit for children. Pueriles confabulatiunculæ. English Gallus, Evaldus. 1617 Approx. 109 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 37 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A16874 STC 3773 ESTC S117066 99852281 99852281 17597 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A16874) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 17597) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1129:11) Pueriles confabulatiunculæ: or Childrens dialogues Little conferences, or talkings together, or little speeches together, or dialogues fit for children. Pueriles confabulatiunculæ. English Gallus, Evaldus. Brinsley, John, fl. 1581-1624. [1], 31, [3] leaves Printed by H. L[ownes] for Thomas Man, London : 1617. A translation by John Brinsley of Gallus, Evaldus. Puerile confabulatiunculæ. Printer's name from STC. "To the reader", at end, is signed: I. Brinsley. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Latin language -- Conversation and phrase books -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Conversation and phrase books -- Early works to 1800. 2003-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2003-11 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-10 Ben Griffin Sampled and proofread 2004-10 Ben Griffin Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion PVERILES Consabulatiunculae : Or Childrens Dialogues , Little conferences , or talkings together , or little speeches together , or Dialogues fit for children . LONDON , Printed by H. L. for Thom Mar●● 1617 Childrens Dialogues A generall salutation at any time . * God saue you . Wee speake to many * in the plurall number . The answere . * * I thank● you . God saue you also . And you . r In departure at any time . Farewell . Farewell . r happily . Farewell . The answere . r Fare you well also . * In the morning we salute thus . * Good morrow . * In the day time thus . * God giue gou good day . [ Or good day . ] At euening [ wee salute ] thus . * Good euen . [ viz ] God giue you * good euen . A little before night [ or in the beginning of the night . ] * God giue you good night . * God giue you good night . * It is said [ thus ] [ to one ] sneezing . * God help you , [ or God blesse you . ] * Let it be safe . r It is said * to one doing any worke . * God speed you . [ It is said ] to one dining or supping . r * Much good doe it you . When * we drinke to any . I drinke to you a whole cup. r I drinke to you halfe a cruse . The answere . * I pledge you . r Let it be for a health . When wee refuse meate or drinke . [ we say . ] r In good sooth I cannot drink so much . r Surely I am not able to answere you . r I beseech you that you spare mee . r I haue not any list to eate any more . * Indeed I haue eaten * as much as is sufficient . * I haue satisfied [ my ] appetite . ● require * no more at this time . It is said [ or we vse to say ] to one returning out of a strange countrie . * I am glad for your comming . * I am glad * that you are come safe . I reioyce * that you haue returned safe . A common answere . You are r bountifull , [ viz. I thank you for your kindnes . ] * I thanke you . * God requite you . When be●re or wine is brought to the table . I pray ] that this beere may be good for you . I pray that this beere may doe you good . I pray ] [ that ] the wine which I bring may be * a health vnto you . God grant that this wine may be wholesome vnto you . When any one is * bidden to dinner or supper . [ My ] father r commanded me to com hither , to * desire you that you would be his guest to day . ●y Master hath commaunded [ mee ] * to entreate you earnestly , that you would dine * with him to day . * Reuerend Master , my Host ●●treateth you , that you would ●ome to him to supper at eue●ing , if you be not * inuited o●herwise . My parents haue * inuited som ●riends to supper , they desire you to be present * with them , ●herefore you shall gratifie them * maruelously , if so that you doe not refuse to come . Then * we may answer thus . My son * I giue your father great thanks , but for my * bad ●ealth I cannot be present at a●y banket . * You shall againe giue great ●hanks to your Master in my name : but * you shal tell [ him ] ●hat I cannot come at this time . I would not suffer my selfe ●o be * requested , if other businesse did not * hinder me . I refuse not , especially sith I see nothing to bee * prepared heere . * Tell your parents that I wil come by and by . How a guest is to be r receiued . r Your comming is acceptable vnto me . r It is acceptable to mee that you are come . You come wished for . How leaue is to be asked . * I pray you Master giue me leaue . * Reuerend Master I pray you * giue me leaue , That I may purge my belly . That I may r vnlode my belly . That I may goe to the * priuie . That I may goe to make water . * Th●● I may lighten [ my ] bladder . That I may r fetch out kine . That I may bring back the kine . That I may goe home . That I may fetch paper books . That I may buy quils . That I may * tend cloathes . That I may r tend hogges , sheep . Little * formes of accusing any one . Andrew honoured not the [ mas●● ] Priest. Peter hath beaten mee with [ his ] fists . Iohn * spake English. This [ boy ] * vncouered not his head when hee passed by the Magistrate . He hath * railed vpon me . He hath r reuiled vs. * No one will repeate [ his ] lesson . Iames neuer salutes [ his ] parents . He talks of a scurrilous matter . Hee will not depart out of my place . Hee hath made water vpon my shooes . He hath r blotted my paper . He r suffereth me not to study . He r derideth me . He suffereth me not to write . He * plucked me by the haire . Some questions . What is [ your ] name ? How are you called ? Peter , Paul , &c. How many yeares * old are you ? One , two , three , six , eight , ten , eleuen , twelue . Of how many yeares [ of age ] are you ? Of one [ yeare ] of two [ yeares ] of ten , &c. * What yeare * goe you on ? The first [ yeare ] the second . * What a clock is it ? * One , two . Aemilia , Bat. Ae. BAt my son , my son Bat. B. What will you ? Ae. It is time to rise . B. Suffer me , I pray [ you ] as yet to rest a little . Ae. * Thou hast slept enough . * Rise my sonne . B. How many houres haue I slept ? Ae. Almost ten , r ouer-long . B. * I would r I might sleep my fill . Ae. Onely open [ thine ] eyes . B. In truth I cannot . Ae. See how r faire weather it is abroad . B. What r doth it belong to me whether it be * cleare or cloudie ? Ae. r Beholde euen the sun hath * shined vpon thee . B. Is it risen now ? Ae. A good while agoe . B. I can hardly driue away sleep . Ae. Lift vp [ thy ] body . Sleepe will depart away by & by . B. Where is [ my ] shirt ? Ae. * Loe , it lieth vnder the r bolster . B. Mother depart , I will rise by and by . Ae. Doe not sleep againe . B. * I will not , r onely goe your way . Ae. I goe . Cornelius , Dorothee . C. MOther what a clock is it ? D. * What say you ? Are you so taught ? C. What am I taught ? D. Ought you not to r salute me before ? C. * Good morrow [ to you ] D. And to you . Now ask * what you will ? C. My mother t●ll me * I pray you . D. What wil you that I tel [ you ? ] C. What a clock it is . D. * It is almost six . C. * Hath the clock smitten , or no ? D. I doe not think * that it hath smitten . C. I would * that were true . D. * In truth I haue not r heard the sound . C. * I much feare [ our ] masters hand . D. You may preuent [ your ] master , if you loiter not . C. * I thinke that I am to doe so . D. But so , that you go not hence vncommed or vnwashen . C. * When I shall return , then will I wash . D. Yea rather wash now . C. * I pray you my mother , let me goe my way now , that I be not beaten . D. Goe thy way * at thy perill . Eualdus . Francis. E. r HOe you , from whence come you so late ? F. From our house . E. * Heard you not the sound of the bell ? F. * O reuerend master I could not heare . E. What ? * could you not hear ? were you deafe ? F. * No. E. How * then could you not heare the bell ? F. I slept * soundly . E. * What heare I ? F. * Neither had my mother wakened me . E. Can you not awake , vnlesse you be * raised vp ? F. Will you not * be angry , if I confesse the truth ? E. No , vnlesse you vtter * some falshood . F. Vnlesse some one raised me , I beleeue * I should not awake before noon , I slept so sweetly . E. Will you rise hereafter more early ? F. Indeed I will do my indeuor . E. Doe so : * you are pardoned to day , because you haue cōfessed the truth . Get you hēce to your fellowes . F. Most reuerend master , I giue you immortall thanks . Gerarde . Henry . G. * GIue place a little . H. Hast thou not place ● . enough there ? G. No. H. Neither can I giue place any thing at all . G. But where shall I sit ? H. Where thou wilst . G. I sit here very fitly . H. But I admonish thee , that thou depart quickely out of my r bosome . G. But shew thou me , where I may sit otherwhere . H. Sit where dogs sit . G. And where do dogs sit ? H. Vpon their buttocks . G. I doe r in like manner . H. But * doest thou knowe how thou sittest ? G. Like a man. H. And knowest thou where ? G. In thy r lap . H. But now thou * liest me with thy face vpward . G. Thou shalt neuer doe this to me * scot-free . H. I weigh not thy threats of a r lock of woole . G. Be not ouer saucy . H. Begin r what thou wilt . Thou shalt finde ●e a man. G. O r inuincible champion ! God saue you . H. But thou shalt not r lay thy fist vpon mee scot-free , I wold haue thee also to know this . G. * Verely , but that I feare our Master , [ my ] fist should haue stuck on thy cheeke a good while agoe . H. If thou wil● any thing , call mee forth after eight of the clock . G. I call thee forth ▪ come . H. I wil take [ my ] breakfast before , that I may be stronger . * Thou must exp●ct so long . G. I knew * they w●re but bubbles that thou [ s● ] braggedst . H. O thou mad fellow , may we fight here being consecrated to the same studies , indued with the same precepts of vertue ? Get thee gone with such r friuolou● fables . G. Now I iudge thee [ to bee ] a man , [ ●oth ] r generous and inu●ncible . Iohn . Lambert . Martin . Nicholas . ● . BOyes , what noise is there , as if [ your ] Master * were absent ? L. * These two contend . ● . * You youthes , about what doe you contende ? M. Hee will not restore me my quill which hee hath * taken away . I. If hee doe it not quickly , let him look for me with the rod. L. He saith * he will run away . ● . * Hould yee him and bring [ him ] to me . L. See r he layeth hould of my sleeue * with his teeth . ● . I also * will pull out all those his teeth , if he let not go r by and by . L. Hee is a wicked boy , and scratcheth with [ his ] nailes . I. * But why art thou so * shreud a boy ? N. What haue I done ? I. Thou hast snatched away * that boyes pen. N. * Why then did hee mis-call mee ? I. * Hee will doe no more . N. Nor I. I. Thou saidst * thou wouldst run away . N. Hee is a foole , that suffereth himselfe to be beaten , * whilest he may flee . I. And thou tookest hould of his sleeue with thy teeth . N. I catched at his hand , hee withdrew his hand , [ and ] r I tooke [ his ] sleeue . I. Art thou so wicked & a biter ? N. Euen mice * lay hands vpon the hands of them that hould them . * May not I doe the same that mice doe ? L. But mice are harmelesse very often when they are taken . N. I also am r harmlesse , for I restored by and by that which I had * taken away . I. * Verely , for feare of rods . N. He is not r desperately euill , who abstaineth from euill-doing , for feare of euill . ● Thou art * full of words . ● Good Master * it is wel , so that I be not * r euilly ful of words . Otto . Peter . ● HAue you not * a knife * that you may lend mee ? ● I haue [ one ] indeed , but I haue not one to lend you . ● Wherefore ? ● ●That ] which I haue is a new ●ne , it will not returne , if I ●uffer it to wander abroad . ● * Feare not , I will * stay here ●o long whilst I vse it . ● * I will not lend it . ● Peraduenture you haue ●●hat ] which I lost of late . ● ●aue you lost a knife indeed ? ● * It is so . ● ●hat a one was it ? ● r Will you heare what a one ● was ? ● ● will. O. It was a little one and dull . P. r I heare it . O. It had a blunt poyn● . P. What besides ? O. It had a red ha●t , * order set with br●zen * s●uds . P. What * say you ? O. [ It had ] a hole * in the en● ▪ P. Yours was altogether like that which I haue . O. I pray you r suffer [ me ] 〈◊〉 I may looke vpon it . P. See [ it . ] O. Shew me r the whole . P. Goe too , looke vpon * [ your ] fill . O. Of all loue tell mee , wh● you haue got this * knife● P. Why aske you that ? O. I haue need to * aske . P. I haue no need of an * ans●● O. Tell me * plainely , whe● you * had it . P. I found it . O. Adde , before it was lost . P. Say you , before it was r rayd . O. Yet you bidde mee to 〈◊〉 ●ecture . ● . I grant . ● . Haue you bought it ? ● . It is so indeed . ● . Of whom I pray you . ● . Of a certaine young man * a chapman . ● . In goodsooth it is * stollen . ● . [ That ] nothing belongs to mee . ● . But dare you buy stollen things ? ● . [ I dare buy ] any things whatsoeuer without r difference . ● . You are * no better than a theefe . ● . * Be it I am so . But why say you r this knife to be stollen ? ● . It was mine . ● . I beleeue it was yours : but now it is mine . ● . Therfore I * aduise you that you giue [ me ] * mine . ● . You shall not take it so from mee . ● . Rest. I will cause by and by , that you restore it me r whether you wil or no. P. What will you doe ? O. I will go to [ our ] Master . I 〈◊〉 lay open the matter to him in order . He will compel yo● to restore [ it . ] P. But I , * hauing asked leau● by and by , wil tarry at home neither will I come to th● schoole to day . Quirinus . Reynere . Sebastian . Q. MOst reuerend master I pray you r bid th●● [ boy ] that hee r restore me● my knife . R. r Hoe you . haue you an● thing that is * this boyes ? Q. I haue not . R. How * saucily answere yo● mee ? S. How saucily * r I pray you ? I say * that I haue nothing . R. Haue you not another man● knife ? S. Indeed I haue not . R. Neither haue you any knife ? S. I haue a little one . * [ But ] it is mine owne . R. Where is it ? S. * See , it is in my sheath . R. Shew it me . S. r I doe not refuse . R. Where r got you this knife ? S. I haue had it almost a moneth . R. I aske not that . But whence * had you [ it ] ? S. * Of a young man * a factor . He sould it me . R. For how much ? S. For a Brabant farthing . R. The knife is better , than the price which you gaue : S. I made a good * market if it be as you say . R. But * hee contends that it is his . S. It is not so . It is mine . If hee haue lost any let him inquire . * I took nothing away which either is or was his . R. Will you yeeld to me ? S. I will r if no iniury be done to mee . R. I will not * haue any contention between you . S. But I contend with no man. R. Therefore * restore him his knife . S. I refuse not , so that hee restore me my mony . R. He shall doe it . S. [ I would ] that he doe it r by and by . R. Giue him his mony quickly . Q. Take [ your ] mony . S. Take you your knife . R. * So it is meete to be . For great * grudges doe oft-times come of such beginnings , euen amongst them that are * of yeares . Thomas . Vincentia . T. MOther , * when shall we dine ? V. By and by , if so be that you * wait a little ? T. I must r go away forthwith . V. Whither , * O good sir , so quickly ? ● . Whither it becommeth scolars to goe . ● . * Forsooth to play . ● . * Certainly , to the very place of execution . ● . * It hath not yet smitten one . ● . r But it becommeth vs to ●reuent the sound . ● . How oft * in the week ? ● . Daily . ● . At what a clock ? ● . What aske you ? At euery houre . ● . Why then rest you so securely in the morning ? ● . I neuer doe it r vnpunished . ● . What r dooest thou feare stripes more after dinner , than after sleep ? ● . Seek r [ one ] who may answer you : if you will not giue me meat , I will goe away r vndined . ● . Go whither thou wilt . There in no body that stayeth thee . If thou dine not , thou wilt sup r more gladly at night . Andrew . Bartholomew . A. WHy come you * mon● slowly to the schools * than the rest ? B. My mother commanded me to tarry a little , whilest shee * prepared the pottage . A. When is the r pottage wo●● to seeth ? B. r A little before twelue of the clock . A. But now it is * past one . B. r This neuer fel out vnto he● before . Moreouer , when a● she was slacker in preparing ▪ I stayd not her slownes . r forsooth fearing your gouernement . Therefore I ran forth hither vndined . A. Say you [ so ? ] B. I say it indeed . A. Verily it pitieth me * for you . But * sup at euening more liberally . B. * When wee dine sparingly , we sup not liberally . Cornelia , Dionisius . C. [ THou ] most slothfull fellow arise . D. Alasse , * be not troublesome to mee . C. Wilt thou snort all the day ? Rise , I say , that * I may make thy bed . D. What sayest thou * I pray thee . C. That thou arise . D. Is it time ? C. Your master is entred into the schoole : yet thou askest whether it be time ? D. How long agoe entred he ? C. * A good while agoe . D. * What a clock is it then ? C. It is about seuen . D. Hoe , * why r doe you suffer [ me ] to sleep so long ? C. Who * should raise you vp ? D. Either you , or r some one of the family . C. But how can you be stirred vp ? D. How ? r By cry or by touching C. But I my selfe haue called vpon thee in vain , more then ten times . D. r Haue you called me in vary deed ? C. [ Yea ] * & intruth so strongly , that * you might heare I beleeue , * although you were dead . D. * I coniecture it [ to be ] false . C. I say , I called [ you . ] D. If you had called [ me ] , * I should haue heard . C. You might * haue heard , * if you had not dissembled . D. I would * haue risen if I had heard . C. * Indeed so cheerfully as you are wont . D. * I answere in vaine to a woman . C. Make haste * to get your self ready , vnlesse you will * bee beaten . D. I pray thee get thee gone & care for * [ thy ] kitchen . C. That sh●ll be looked well to , * though thou wast dead . D. Get thee gone , I pray thee againe ; I cannot * put on my cloathes , whilst thou art present . C. Are you * become so * bashfull of a sudden . D. In the meane time whilest thou prattlest here , the houre goeth away , r stripes are prepared for me , which thou feelest not . C. In good sooth thou [ art ] worthy sharp * correction . D. r Wherefore ? C. I know not . D. But I knowe what I will answere to [ our ] Master . C. * What other thing , I pray thee , than that there is nothing more sluggish , nothing more sleepy than thou . D. Yea * something else . C. * Forsooth that thou sleepest so securely , that thou canst be stirred vp by no cry , it is so farre off , that thou shouldst awake of thine own accord , either for loue of learning , or for feare of our master , or for the reuerence of thy parents . D. If thou wert * another I know what I would doe . C. * Wouldest thou beate indeed ? * Go whither thou art worthy . D. r I beseech thee that at length thou cease to prattle . C. I will not rest vntill thou arise . D. Sister , I cannot vnlesse you goe your way . C. I goe to call [ my ] father . D. * Yea [ call ] your mother , so that you sister get you gone . C. I goe my way , another will returne . Erasmus , Fred●ricus . E. r COme you hither also with [ your ] * [ vncō●ed ] head . F. Here I am . E. I see it . But from whence come you so late , and so * vnhandsome . F. First out of [ my ] bed , afterwards * from our houses . E. I now omit this , that you come late . Ought you not to kemb your head , before you came to the schoole ? F. We haue not a combe . E. Why doe you not buy ? F. My parents say * that they want mony . E. Sell yee corne , that * you may haue money . F. * We haue no corne . E. But ye may * borrow * a comb otherwhere . F. No man will * lend vs. E. Wherefore ? F. * We haue most of v●scabbed heads : I * thinke men doe r shun that . E. Doe your parents * spend so many * pots of ale , [ and ] can they not * spare so much from their throat , that they may buy a combe ? F. In truth I know not . E. Either * come to me● 〈◊〉 handsome to the schools , o● come not at all . F. I will tell [ my parents . ] Godfride , Herman● . G. I See very many to be away hoe * monitour look ●● bout [ you . ] H. Master it is so . G. See that you haue the name of all who are now away , * ●● downe . H. In a little booke ? G. Yea in a little paper , which you may * giue me into m● hands . H. When ? G. As soone as I shall returne the schoole . H. r It shall be done . G. In the meane while you shal● * prouide , * that I haue ro● prepared me . * If I liue ▪ ●● day , I will make that * you come together * more d● gently . H. * I wish you to bee secure concerning rods . G. You say well . Iames , Laurence . I. * O [ You ] sleeper you must be whipped . L. What haue I done ? I. Because * you were not present . L. Where ? I. In the schoole . L. I hasted thither . I. You haste too late . L. Why so ? I. The houre * is passed , we are dismissed by [ our ] master . L. So earely ? I. * How earely I pray you ? * It hath smitten eight a good while agoe . L. * Doe you delude me ? I. No truely . L. Hoe , tell me , * was there any mention of me ? I. * Yea indeed , very great . L. * Tell [ me ] of all loue . I. So it is . Our master commanded * all to be written down . L. Whether ? * Those present , or those absent ? I. Verely the absent . L. * That is ill . For if hee had commanded the present to be written down , I could cōtend * that I was omitted . * But who , I pray you noted ? I. Venantius Gallus . L. Hoe , I am safe , if you say * true . I. Why * skippe you [ so ] ? L. He is r in my danger . I will goe to him and I wil earnestly entreat him that he would r put out my name . * Hee dare not deny [ me ] . I. * He will not do it for any reward . L. * Say not so . I know what he hath promised me . I. You will both * be hanged if your master * know it . L. I commit that * to God. Matthew , Nestorius , Andrew , Peter , Iohn . M. CVstos , prepare rods and the ferula . N. They are in readinesse . M. Where are the names of thē which were away ? N. They are here . M. Recite all * euery one asunder . N. * Andrew Fabri . M. Come hither , why were you not heere to day ? A. My father commanded mee to goe into the fi●ld , r that I might knowe whether the ditchers were there . M. You should r had come to me to aske leaue * to goe into the field . A. * I could not comn hither , [ my ] father was r so instant . M. You should had said , * that you could not be away from the schoole without my fauour . A. I said so indeed : but I * could not obtaine leaue of him to run ouer to you , he is so imperious . M. Your father hath * cōmand at home , I in the schoole . A. But [ my ] father commanded [ me ] at home . M. But I for bad any man to do otherwise , than here I will & command . A. Will you not , that we obey our parents ? M. r [ Yee ] altogether . A. Why then * am I blamed for doing this ? N. Get thee gone , get thee gon : * we spend the time by this * strift . Obey both of them as much as * may be ? M. * Call another . N. * Peter Baker . M. Baker , goe to , tell me what hindred you ? P. In good truth , I rose straight after foure of the clock ▪ * but I was presently to knead dough : that labour indured almost an houre and a halfe . And afterwards whilst I am washen , whilst I dry [ mee ] , whilst I put on [ my ] r nether ▪ stocks and get my selfe ready , the time goeth away . M. Whilst you report these things vnto me thus in order , you lose time . P. But most learned master , vnlesse I should lose the time thus , I should r gaine stripes vnto my selfe . M. You are all * prettily cunning in excusing [ your selues ] [ but ] not so in learning . Goe your way : * call the rest . N. Iohn * Horne . M. * What , this euery day ? * you bring now one thing , now another . But what will you bring now for the excuse of your selfe ? * I. Most worthy master * yesterday at euening we * entertained many guests . These sate still vntill midnight , * neither might I depart a nayle breadth from them . [ And ] therefore I could not awake * more timely : I haue said . M. Why r cald you not me also among [ your ] other guests ? I. I will * worke with [ my ] parents , that you may be * inuited now and then , if you * so will. M. Doe you promise * that you will do that so for me . I. I promise it in good sooth . M. See you deceiue [ me ] not . I. Indeed r it shall not stay by mee , that you shall not bee bidden . M. You are a r thrifty young man. Bee carefull that you may be also studious . I. I will doe so . M. Depart hence into your place . I. * Doe you wish mee r to call the rest ? M. * No not at this time . I will not defraud the whole company of their lesson for the ●●othfulnesse of a few . But * sirs * remember this , here ▪ after you shall not at all excuse [ your ] absence : whosoeuer shal be away without my r fauour shall be beaten . Oswald , Paul , The company of boyes . O. MEditate those things diligently , which * we now reade . P. We will doe it diligently . P. Master * it hath smitten eight , if you know not . O. * Is it heard ? P. It is indeed . O. How long agoe ? P. Not * very long agoe . O. Boyes rest a little . After that I shall r aske of this [ boy ] what I please , I will dismisse you all by and by . Answere thou me . P. What I ? O. You know what you ought [ to doe . ] P. When ? O. By and by , when you shall come home . P. * Am I to doe any thing besides that which I am wont ? O. What are you wont to doe ? P. If I bee vncombed , or vnwashen , I comb and wash . O. Well , what doe you after ? P. I breake my fast , I returne very quickly to the schoole . O. Well . And nothing more ? P. Nothing truly . * If any thing besides ought to bee done , r admonish [ me ] I pray you . O. I will doe so , hearken . P. * I heare , tell [ me . ] O. At what time soeuer you enter into r the house , you neuer ought to enter * beeing silent . P. Neither doe I that . O. What say you r entering ? P. I salute [ my ] mother . O. r Most deseruedly . But if your mother be away , whom salute you ? P. * If I doe not see her , I salute the family . O. But if your father shall enter in after , do you not salute him ? P. * No. r I beleeued * that I had don my duty , if I salute once . O. Yea , such honour is due to your father especially . P. r I knew not . What if my father neither see me , nor speak to me . O. Neuerthelesse , you ought to come vnto him of your owne accord , * and to bow your knee to him , with your head bare , and to salute him * reuerently . P. What , in other words , then in which we are wont to salute other men ? O. Altogether in other . P. In what [ words ? ] O. * God saue you most deare father : or thus : * God saue you my father . P. * I vnderstand it . O. If hee shall aske any thing , you shall answere curteously what you know . P. I will remember [ it . ] O. Take heede [ left ] * any of those things displease you , which he either sa●th or doth . P. I am not so disdainfull that the r doings or sayings of my father * should displease me . O. See you r be obedient at euery command . P. So I am . O. Take heed you neuer offend him . P. I will not doe it willingly . O. Furthermore , if at any time he shall thunder against you beeing offended , * beare his chiding * quietly . P. What ? If I haue deserued r nothing ? O. [ Yea ] learne to endure euen an vniust chiding , especially of [ your ] parent . P. I will endeuour [ i● ] * with all my power . O. You ought * to honour and reuerence both your parent● with like * duty . P. I doe so although no mi● admonish me . O. If so that you doe it , r goe on to doe it . If not , doe it diligently . P. I will omit nothing willingly . G. You say honestly . * Sirs , * what I haue taught this one boy , I would haue all of you r taught * the same . P. We vnderstand [ it . ] G. Now goe * to breakfast , and returne * about nine of the clock . Quintine , Robert , Seruatius . Q. WHo hath * the note for speaking English ? R. I. Q. Whom haue you noted ? R. Seruatius . S. Haue you noted me ? R. Yea. S. For what cause ? R. Because you haue * spoken English. S. * To whom haue I spoken ? R. * To me . S. * To thee most notable lier ? Q. Why dost thou so cry out ? S. Should I not cry out , when * he dare tell such [ lies ? ] R. Why should I not * dare when it is true ? S. O false speaker ! But when heardest thou mee * speake English ? R. Wilt thou know ? S. Yea verely I desire it . R. [ I heard thee ] somewhere of late . S. Heare . Of all good fellowship tell [ me ] what day ? or r where ? R. * I haue forgot the day , I do not remember the place . S. Tell [ me ] * who was present ? R. * I and thou . S. It is false . R. It is true . S. * Forsooth , that which I say [ is true . ] R. Yea that which I say . Q. In good truth I doubt whether * I shall beleeue . S. Good master , I pray you * that he may bee beleeued , who speakes the truth . R. I affirm * that you spake English . S. Proue * that I spake English. R. Yea prooue * that you spake not . S. O most worthy master , * I haue notable iniury done to mee . Q. * Neuer spake you English before ? S. Very oft I confesse it . Q * Then also it is credible , that you spake English when hee noted you . S. The * knaue lieth , neither spake I * English hee beeing present , neither * did he note mee . Q. In good sooth I laugh , neither doe I knowe whether I may beleeue . This boy neuer * tolde me lie before this day : * you haue r againe and againe , which now makes your cause the worse . S. I acknowledge that I ha●● offended in lying in times past , but now verely I speak● the truth . Master * I haue not offended . Q. Would you haue me to beleeue you ? S. Reuerend master , you may * safely beleeue me . R. Good master , either beleeue both , or beleeue neither . Q. I haue fallen vpon wranglers , as I see . * Get ye both hence , in a mischiefe . * Keep you the note . R. Very willingly , sith you * will haue it so . Theodorus , Venantius . T. * CHild , r haue you * a pen and ink horne ? V. Yea master . r If you will any thing , I will lend it you . T. I will write two words . V. * Yea ten . T. Stand still so long , whilst I write . V. I will * not goe away , vvrite although r largely . T. * Childe , take your pen and inke ▪ I haue noted what I would , * I thanke you . V. * What should you thanke mee , an olde man [ should thanke ] a young , especially for no * seruice . T. My childe , your honest speech prouokes mee that I would speak with you a little , r if you * be willing . V. Sir , indeed I refuse not to speak with you : but I maruel * why it is that you would speak with mee . T. * I desire first to know of you , who are your parents . V. They dwell not here : and therefore I should name thē to you in vaine . T. No ? where then ? V. At Wert . T. That place is * altogether vnknowne to me . V. Sir , I beleeue you . It is not so famous as this [ place ] is . T. Is that Wert r a towne or ● village ? V. Truely , [ it is ] a towne , and indeed most populous : It ●● commonly called Wert . T. Now I knowe it : there is * great store of clothing vsed in that place . V. Now you * hit it . T. I beleeued * you were a scholar . V. * In very deed I am a scholar . T. * How then fell it out , that you should come hither * for to study ? V. I study not here , but in the countrie . At this time I came hither * for my minde sake with my father to the r mart . T. Now you haue brought mee backe into the way . Of whom 〈◊〉 r are you * instructed . V. Of the schoole-masters of that place where * I was born . T. What manner of schoolemasters haue you there ? V. One leane , another fat . T. Are they single men , or maried ? V. Both maried . T. [ And ] are they r of great learning ? V. In truth I know not ; I think of tolerable [ learning . ] T. How many scholars haue they ? V. Truely a great * company . T. What doe they teach you ? V. In good sooth that which we know not . Sir * it is a ridiculous answere , but to be pardoned . T. It pleaseth [ mee . ] Is any of your schoole-fellowes r notably learn●d ? V. I haue nothing here , that I can answere . T. Can they speake * any thing in Latin. V. I think so . Surely they prattle * in Latine daily . T. What learne you ? V. The precepto of Grammar . T. Haue you done * any good in learning ? V. I cannot * iudge of [ my ] learning . T. * Shall I make a triall of you ? V. * I refuse not , * you may if you please . T. * Doe you remember any little verse without book ? V. Very many . T. * Bring some one . V. * It is not the last praise to please chiefe men . T. Gather a construction . V. It is not the last praise r r to haue pleased chiefe men . T. What * meaneth that sentence , It is not the last praise . V. That it is notable praise ▪ expressed by the contrary . Like as we say , r some boy not to be vnlearned , whom wee would say to be learned . T. What signifieth the last ? V. [ That ] which is the last in order . But here , as oft otherwhere , it is put for the least , or little , or the lowest , euen as the first is put for the chief and * notablest . T. What part of speech is Vltima ? V. My master referred it amongst the original nounes . For he is not wont to dispute curiously of r such like things . * Yea he himselfe had rather haue scholars who know to vse vvordes , than which know how * to wrangle about them . T. The Infinitiue mood placuisse , whereof is it gouerned , or of what doth it depend ? V. I thinke that this may bee spoken * two manner of waies . First , that it depends of the verb Est , that the Accusatiue case may be vnderstood , as it is r the manner * of these verbs to gouerne an Accusatiue case after them with an Infinitiue mood , that this may be the construction ; It is not the last praise ( vnderstand ) for a man to please * great men . That it may bee like to this speech , Is it an r equall thing for a scholar to loue his master . Moreouer , it may bee said , That the Infinitiue moode placuisse , is put in steed of the Nominatiue case , as * it is for most part : that it may bee like to this speech , To loue is a matter most * hurtfull ; or to this , To play * at dice is not honest . T. What meanes this , Principibus viris , viz. * chiefe men . V. By chiefe men , I thinke to bee signified very mighty men , noble , rich , and the like : That princeps may bee put here in place of a Noune Adiectiue , like as in Lucius Florus it is vsed , the chiefe people , [ or chiefe of the people . ] Neither is that new . For T●rence also said , the * olde merchant . * * A crafty olde wife * is in Erasmus . T. * What kinde of verse is this ? V. * An Heroick hexameter . T. Whereof * consists it ? V. * In the foure first feet , indifferently r of Dactyl or Spondee : in the fift place onely of a Dactyle , in the sixt of a Spondey or Trochey . T. How many syllables * hath a Dactyle ? V. * Three . T. Of what sort ? V. The first long , the two r later short . T. Doe your mastersteach you these things ? V. I beseech you , from whence haue I r drawen them otherwise ? T. * Hee must needs be a rich man. V. How ? T. Because they make a great gain who so instruct * youth . V. But our [ master ] doth r scarsly preserue himselfe from r penury . T. Is he so poore ? V. Surely he is not rich . T. In good sooth he is worthy of a better * state . V. It is so indeed , but he cannot * appease fortune . T. * How doth hee agree with the citizens ? V. Well , I think . All doe * fauour him by strift , this I know . T. Doe they giue [ him ] nothing ? V. He is no asker . T. * He doth so much more deserue their bounty . V. Your r common-wealthes are r mighty , but ours [ are ] not so . T. What ones are your schoole-fellowes ? V. Good and studious . T. Doe these loue you ? V. * A● their brother . T. * Doe you loue your master ? V. Maruelously . T. You doe honestly . But indeed , can you * tell mee readily why you loue [ him ? ] V. First , because he is a learned man. T. Hee is worthily loued of all men for his learning . V. And then because he is so diligent in teaching vs. T. * For this cause you owe to him especially honour * & likewise loue . V. And also because hee chides r none but gently . T. In truth hee is worthy * to teach kings children . V. Neither doth hee euer beate any , but r being admonished before . T. He is a good man , asmuch as I heare . V. * Moreouer , he doth so prouoke all to the study * of learning , and to honesty , that a mother cannot prouoke her infant more * kindly to suck or to eate . T. * He must needs be a naughty youth who cannot loue such a master . V. Therefore I said * that I loued [ him ] lest I should bee * thought a naughty youth . T. * I haue asked you [ my ] * childe , what I desire . Now I * dismisse you . V. Sir , farewell . T. Farewell happily , and see that * when you com to your master you salute him * kindly from me . V. I will doe it , and indeede r gladly . Arnold , Bernard . A. * IS there any amongst you r desirous of play ? B. In good earnest * wee euery one desire that . A. What will you giue me if I shall * get you leaue to play ? B. We all r will loue you * exceedingly . A. In what thing will you declare this loue ? B. * We will euer obey your precepts , wee will neuer offend : wee will bestowe * the vttermost diligence r in studying . A. What punishment shall I * impose if you doe deceiue mee ? B. Impose vpon vs any punishmē● * whatsoeuer , or keep vs perpetually hereafter as * mafactors , bound in this prison . A. * I agree to your sentence . r The cōdition pleaseth [ me . ] Play all , r but honestly . Conrade , Didimus . C. I Wonder that [ our master ] can suffer vs to sit idle here * in so faire weather . At other times when it is either raine or a storm , he will suffer himselfe to be ouer intreated : now he is * inexorable . D. * Why , what * would you do ? C. * I desired much to play a good while agoe . D. Do you dote ? we playd [ but ] * the day before yesterday ▪ * haue you forgot it . C. But the windes and the shoure● r did so rage that day , that * I had no list to look out from home . D. Could our master fore know what would ●all out ? Surely when we were dismissed it was * f●ire . C. But a little after wee were gone forth to play , * ( O wonderfull ! ) how great a temp●st arose of a sudden ! D. Sith you are so desirous of play , I pray you , what liketh i● you to doe ? C. That which r was not lawfull of l●te . D. [ And ] what is that * I pray you . C. To runne in the fields , to r leap in the meadowes , r to fill the empty heauen with [ our ] great cries . D. * Goodly , how great a pleasure is that ! C. Know you not ? I would not indeed r eate no not hony , or sugar in comparison of this pleasure . D. I remember our masters * ●o speak of cer●aine other exercises . C. * Certainely better cannot be found in my iudgement . D. r What seems the hand-ball vnto you ? C. I neuer exercised my selfe in this kinde * of play : moreouer , neither * doth my strength suffice , neither r know I the skill . D. What , doth fishing please you ? C. Whether ? fishing with hook , or fishing with net ? D. * Either [ of them . ] C. Truely I am r drawen with neither . D. For what cause ? C. The one makes [ vs ] slothful , the other r makes [ vs ] we● . D. * What ? doth not wrastling delight you ? C. No not at all . D. Why not ? C. I feare falling or * bruising . D. * Doe you not like riding ? C. I neuer * ridde . D. r [ Doth it not like you ] t● hunt ? C. r There are wanting nette● hunting slaues , dogs . D. [ Doe you not delight ] t● swim ? C. It is an vnprofitable & dangerous * skill , and * not granted to vs. D. r [ Are you not delighted ] t● shoot ? C. I brake [ my ] boaw of late . D. You should * mend it . C. I haue not a string . D. You should buy [ one . ] C. Where ? D. Of the r boawyers . C. * If I had money enough , I would buy bookes which * I haue need of . D. Haue you learned musick ? C. I would neuer apply my minde [ to it . ] D. * Wonderfull , sith it is both liberall and very pleasant . C. I beleeue [ you . ] But I haue euer * abhorred singing from my childe hood . ● . And sith no liberall exercise delighte●h you , r I wonder greatly if any one can indure to play with you . ● . O mad [ boy ] * dost thou beleeue that all are so * austere as thou art ? In good sooth is I * would I can [ haue companion● . ] ● . Holde your peace , [ our ] master is present , if he should see vs talking and r a●ke , what can we answer ? C. I could easily finde what I may answer . r Egidius , r Fredericus . E. TAke * this letter . ● . r What need is there of any letter ? E. Carry it to [ you● ] master . ● . Where shall I finde him ? E. At his owne house . F. What if he be not at home ? E. Giue it him in the schoole . F. Shall I say nothing ? E. That hee would doe th● which * this letter speakes . F. Doe you command mee t● r run back straight way , afte● I haue * deliuered it ? E. If it so seeme good to you master . F. What if he neither * consen● nor deny . E. He will doe * one of the two feare not . Gisbert , Hubert . G. HOe , hoe , Hubert * th● chiefe of my companions . H. Who calls me ? G. I , r you offer your selfe to me very fitly . H. What businesse [ is it ? ] Tel● me quickly . G. Whither haste you ? H. To the wine-tauerne . G. What will you doe there ? H. I goe to * fetch [ our ] * master home . G. Is he in the wine-tauerne ? H. We beleeue * he is there . G. With whom went hee thither ? H. I know * not . They are trifles which you * are about , [ or you but trifle . ] G. Yea , * I require of you an earnest busin●sse . H. I will not refuse if * I can be at leasures but I cannot * tend now . G. It shall not be long ; I pray you [ see ] * that you goe not any whither . H. What will you ? tell me in a word . G. That you * expound vnto me this letter . H. Giue [ me it ] that I may quickly run ouer it . G. Take it . H. * This letter is sealed . G. I know it , r vnseale it . H. * Doe you bid me to * open r other mens letters ? G. They are not other mens . My father writ them . H. * And what then ? G. And hee commanded mee r to beare them to my master . H. r I heare . G. Now * I am much affraide , r lest these letters r complain of me . H. What haue you done ? G. Nothing that I know . H. Why then doe you say , lest they complaine of you ? G. Because my father said , * that they were letters of c●mendations , where I suspect * to be some fraud . H. You say that which is like to be true . G. Looke vpon the r letters quickly . They will r dispatch all the matter vnto vs. H. Hearken . Hermane Ceratine * sendeth hearty commendations to Eualdus Gallus . Hee that deliuereth you these letters i● most deare vnto me , because he is my sonne ; I pray you * seeke to amend him , lest I begin to hate him , for his naughtinesse , I can doe no good by words , or by * rebuking or chiding . * I haue tryed . Wherefore I earnestly pray you , that you would * effect the matter r with rods . Take heed * you doe not hurt his boanes , * I can easily endure that you should beat his skin and his flesh . Farewell . G. Truely I did coniecture so . H. These are * Bellerophons letters . G. They shall not be [ so ] long . H. What will you doe ? G. I will change them . H. Will not this * bee knowne to our master ? G. Not at all . He knoweth not * my fathers hand . H. But how will you change it ? G. Will you heare ? H. If you shall say briefly . G. Hermane Ceratine sendeth commendations to Eualdu● Gallus . Hee that deliuereth you these letters , is most dear vnto me , because he is [ my ] sonne . I pray you , that you begin not to hate him for the fraude of others . * If he shall in any thing offend , labour to amend him with wordes : * you may doe much good with blaming and chiding . * I haue made experience . Wherfore I earnestly intreat you , * that you would not doe it with rods . It is so farre off that I would haue his bones to be hurt , that indeed I cannot easily suffer his skin or flesh to be beaten . Farewel . H. * In very deed an artificiall change . But take heed lest either of them * know the imposture . G. * I will haue a care of these things . H. You haue * detained mee ouer long ? G. Run so much * quicklier now . FINIS . THese dialogues may suffice for this Booke . The rest which remaine , I haue omitted to translate , as not so fit : and referre you to Corderius , beeing more pure Latine , and meater for children . To the louing Reader . GOod Reader , whereas I haue been and am daily much called vpon for performance of my promise in publishing the translations mentioned in my Grammar-schoole , & this specially amongst others , as being through long custom accounted by many very fit for the entrance of young scholars , to learne to speake and talke in Latin , I haue thought it equall to condescend vnto their requests . And herein I haue laboured to referre all the ouer-harsh Grammaticall , translations and phrases into the margent by an Asterisk , lest the children should learn barbarism in our own tong , ( whereof they haue perpetual and principal vse ) whilst they seek to get the Latine ; and to the end to teach them to vtter the Latine in our owne phrase of speech . Also for so much as there are sundry speeches vnmeete to season the childrens mindes , whereof some are Popish , others profane and filthie , those I haue for the most part omitted , or else translated them in the best and most modest sense : On the one side hauing bin affraid to leaue any part of my promise vnperformed , which should bee thought profitable ; and more fearefull on the other , to corrupt their tender mindes or manners , whilst I seeke to doe good to all . Vpon this ground & occasion I haue omitted some few Dialogues , in the end of all , which are of this nature in many things , viz. vnsauorie , Popish , or both ; & referre both the reacher & learner to Corderius Dialogues , which is of another straine , and farre more meer . For the vse of it , I referre thee to that which I haue ●duised in the prefaces to the reader before Corderius , Sententiae , Cato , and my other translations , and rest Thine , still labouring for the common good● I. Brinsley . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A16874-e70 * God saue you [ or God speed you . ] 2. Be you safe . 3. I bid you to be safe [ or well . ] 4. All haile , [ or rest you merry , God speed . ] * Plurally . * I haue [ or giue ] thanks to you , [ or I giue you thanks . * Thanks is ha● [ or giuen ] from me to you , [ or I giue you thank● ] r When one departeth or goeth from another . God be with you , or fare you well . r Fortunately , or prosperously . r God be with you also . * We salute thus in the morning . * A Good morrow . [ be to you , ] viz. God giue you good morrow . * In the day time [ we salute ] thus . * A good day [ be to you . ] * A good euen . [ be vnto you . ] * A good late ●●ime ] or euening time be to you . * I pray [ or wish for ] a happy night vnto you . * This night be prosperous to you [ or let this night be prosperous . ] * It is said [ of vs ] [ or we say . ] * Let it be happy . * Let it profit you . r We say . * to any one . * It profit you . r We vse to say . * Let your banket be happy . * it is drunken before . r I drink to you halfe . * I take it gladly . r Drinke a health to me . r Truely . r Truely . r I pray you spare mee . r I cannot eate any more . * In good sooth . * how much is enough ▪ * It is satisfied to my appetite . * nothing beyond . returning home * I congratulate [ your comming [ or returne . ] * I reioyce . * you to come . * you to haue returned . r kinde or courteous . * I giue you thanks , or I giue thanks to you . * The Gods do well vnto you . * wholesome or healthfull . * called , viz. inulted . r bade . * aske or request you . * to pray you greatly . * at him viz. at his house . * O Master worthy to be obserued . * called or bidden . * called . * to them . * in a maruelous manner . * it shall be lawful * I haue great thanks . * aduerse . * Thou againe shalt doe . * thou shalt say me not to be able to come . * asked . * keep me back . * ready . * Shew againe [ or relate ] to your parents me to be about to come quickly . r intertain●d or welcommed . r you are welcom . r I am glad that you are comme . * Master giue me leaue I pray you . * Master worthy to be obserued . * make me or grant me power or licence . r That I may ease me or go to Campo . * seret or remote pl●ce . * Th●t I may make w●ter . r driue out . * keep garments . r feed . swine . * manners , examples , or directions . * hath vsed the English tongue . * hath not vncou●red . * spoken ill to me or reuiled me . r ●aunted vs. * No man , or no body . r blu●red or matted . r permitteth me not , or will not let me . r mocks me , or scoftes at me . * hath plucked me by the haire . * are you borne . * How many , or which in number . * doe you . * What houre in number is it . * The first [ houre ] the second . * It is slept enough [ of thee . ] * My sonne rise . r too long . * I wold to God it may be lawfull to sleep to [ my ] fill . r it might be lawfull . r cleare [ heauen . ] r cōcerneth it me . * a cleare heauen or cloudy . r Loe or see . * visited thee . Is [ the sun ] now risen . * Beholde it . r pillow . * I will not do it . r now . * What saiest thou ? art thou so taught . r to haue saluted . * A goo● morrow [ be to you . ] * what thou wilt ? * of all loue . * The sixt houre is at hand . * hath it sounded , or not yet ? * it to haue smitten . * that may be true . * I t●uly haue n●t . r heard it strike . * I feare euilly the hand of our master . * I deem it to be done so to me , or that I must or may doe so . * I will wash then when I shall returne . * My mother I pray you suffer me to goe away now , lest I b●e beaten . * with thine own perill . r Hoe sirra . * Haue you not heard ? * O master to be obserued . * Not ? whether hast thou been deafe . * Not at all . * therefore . * deep●y . * What doe I * Neither my mother had waked me . * stirred vp . * disdaine or take it ill . * a false thing . * I cannot awake . * It is pardoned to you to day . viz. I pardon you to day . * Depart , or sit a little further . r lappe . r so likewise . * knowest thou . r bosome . * liest vpward to me . viz. I will smite vp thy heeles . * without p●nishment . r flock of woole . r when , or as thou wilt . r matchlesse , or peerlesse . r giue me a blow or ●uffit , without something . * Verely my fist should stick in [ thy ] cheek a good while agoe , vnlesse I feated our Master . * It behoueth thee . * them to haue been . r ●●fling or vaine tales , or b●bbling . r a gentleman , & vnconquerable . * be away . * These two [ boyes . ] * You yong men concerning what matter . * snatched from mee . * himselfe wil● flee . * Keepe him back . r ●e taketh . * bitingly . * will pluck out from him . r straightway . * For. * wicked mischie●ous . * the pen from that boy . * Why also ga●e he me an ●gnominious name . * He will not doe anymore . * thee to will to flee away . * when it may be lawfull for him to flee . r I catched . * inuade . * May not the same be lawfull to me that [ i● lawfull ] to mice . r innocent . * snatched . * To wit , or indeed . r without hope of recouery . * a talker , or pratler . * it pleaseth . * an euill talker . r ●aughtily . * a little knife . * which you may giue me to lend . * doe not feare . * stand still . * I lend it not . * [ It is ] done . r Do you desire to heare . r well . * distinct . * nailes or tacks * shew you . * aboue . r let me see it . r all of it . * to [ your ] fill . * little knife . * There is need to me . * a question or demand . * absolutely . * haue it . r marred . * a marchant , [ or one who vseth buying and selling ] . * a stollen [ knife . ] r danger . * better by nothing . * let me not be . r this to be a stollen knife , or that this is a stollen knife . * perswade or counsell you . * my knife . r against your will , or by constraint . * leaue being asked by & by . r command . r giue me my knife againe . r Hoe 〈◊〉 . * of this boy . * frowardly . * indeed . r malapa●tly , or impudently . * me to haue nothing . * That is mine . * Beholde it in my sheath . r I refuse not , or I am willing . r had you . * had . * of a Marchants factour ▪ [ viz. one allowed to buy and sell ] a young man. * of a Marchants factour ▪ [ viz. one allowed to buy and sell ] a young man. * marchandize or bargain . * this boy saith . * I haue taken away nothing which is of him , or hath been . r so that I may not be iniured . * contention to be between you . * restore his knife to this boy . r presently . * So it becommeth to be done . * priuate grudges or secret hatred . * growen to full age . * when shall it be dined ? * expect . r be gone . * O good boy , or O good fellow . * To wit. * To wit. * The first [ houre ] hath it not sounded as yet . r But we must be there before the clock smite . * by the week . r vnpaid . r doe you . r some body . r without any dinner . r more willingly . * slacker , viz. later . * than the rest of the scholers , or than others . * prepare or make ready the po●-hearbs . r po● . r A●out twelue . * beyond the fi●st . r She neuer did so before . r because I feared your authority . * of you , viz. I am sory for you . * sup more liberally . * Where it is dined [ of vs ] sparingly , it is not supped [ of vs ] liberally , or largely * doe not be troub●esome . * may make thy bed handsome againe . * at length . * Now a good while agoe . * therefore what a clock is it ? * what . r suffered you . * can stir you vp ? r some one of our folke . r by crying to , or by noyse . r Called you me indeed . * [ I called ] so strongly , or lustily . * [ I called ] so strongly , or lustily . * I beleeue you might heare if you were dead . * I suppose [ it to be ] false . * I should h●are . * heare . * except you had dissembled . * rise . * Truly [ you wold haue risen ] so &c. * I speake again● . * to array your selfe , or put on your apparell . * be knocked . * m●●ters belonging to the kitchen . * yea thou being dead . * array my selfe you being present . * made . * modest , or shamfac't . r there are stripes [ or rods ] prepared for me which thou wilt not feele . * chastisement . r Why ? * I pray thee what other thing . * some other thing . * To wit. * a stranger , or an aliene , or anothers . * Verely would you beare vs. * Get thee gone . r I pray thee giue ouer pr●tling at length . * Yea sister [ call ] your mother . r Come you . * slou●nish or ●ough or curled pate . * vntrimmed or slou●●n-like . * out of our houses . * money to be wanting to them . * that mony may be sufficient or abound [ vnto you . ] * There is no corne to vs. * aske to vse . * a combe for your vse . * giue to lend to vs. * we haue almost all , or all for the most part haue . * beleeu● . r auoid . * draw out . * lugs of bee●e . * withdraw . * returne . * custos . * described . * deliuer me . r I will doe it . * care . * that little bunches [ or bundles ] of limber rods be prepared for me . * If I be safe . * If I be safe . * it be come together of you more studiously . * I command you to besecure asmuch as belongeth to rods . * Sleeper , stripes remaine [ or tarry for ] you . * you haue not been present . * hath gone away * But how ●arely * The eight houre hath sounded . * Whether doe you delude me . * hath there been * And in truth a very great mention . * Of all loue tell me . * all in generall o be written together . * Whether the Preseat , or the absent . * It hath it euill . * mee to haue been omitted . * But I pray you who noted . * the truth . * gesture you so , [ viz. ] doe you so reioyce . r bound to me . r blot out or dash out . * He will not be bolde to deny me . * He will doe it induced by no reward . * You shall not say so . * hang viz. be grieuously beaten . * know it againe . * to the Gods aboue . * asunder . * Andrew [ the son●e ] of the smith , or the smithssonne , or Andrew Smith . r [ his ] field . r haue . * of going away . * It hath not been lawfull for me to goe hither . r so earnest with mee . * your selfe not to be able . * hau● not obtained . * rule or gouernment . r Yes verely . * am I reproued or found fault with . * we draw out . * st●ni●g together or di●putation . * may be done . * ●ite . * Peter Pistor . * but I ought to ●●ead meale . r stockings . r gaine my selfe stripes . * somewhat subtill . * recite others . * Hormus , Horny * To wit , or forsooth [ doe you ] this daily . * Thou bringest another thing at other times . * O best master . * yester euening . * receiued . * neither was it lawfull to depart for me a broad nayle from them . * earlier . r inuited . * deale , finish , or conclude . * called . * will so . * you to doe . r there shall not be any want in me , but you shall be called . r toward youth . * Bid you me . r to recite . * Not at all . * boyes . * you shall remember this . r leaue . * we reade now . * the eight houre hath sounded . * Is the eight houre heard . * so long agoe . r demand what I list . * Is any thing to be done besides that which is accustomed . * If it become any thing besides to be done . r aduise or direct mee . * I hearken or listen . r [ your ] house . * holding your peace . r as you enter , or when you enter in . r Most iustly . * If I see her no where . * No not at all . r I thought . * me t● haue done my duty . r I was ignorant . * and your head being vncouered , to bend your ham . * honourably . * Most deare father God saue you . * My father God saue you . * I holde it , or perceiue it . * any thing of . r my fathers deeds or words . * can displease . r be pliant to euery commaund . * indure . * being still or silent . r no blame , * for all the manly part in me . * to worship . * obseruance . r holde on . * Boyes . * what things . r to learne . * the same things * to take your breakfast . * about the ninth houre . * the signe of the vulgar tongue . viz. of that which euery bondslaue speakes . * vsed the English tongue . * Against whom . * Against me . * O greatest lier towards thee . * this boy dare preach or declare such things . * be bould . * speaking . r in what countrey . * The day is slipt from me . * who being present . * Me and your self . * Verely . * I may giue c●edit to . * th●t it may be credited [ or credit may be giuen ] to him . * you to haue spoken the vulgar tongue . * me to haue spoken . * O best master . * notable iniury is done to me . * Haue you neuer vttered the English speech before this ? * It is credible you also to haue spoken the vulgar tongue then when he noted you . * slaue . * the vulgar tongue . * hath he noted me . * lied to me . * thou hast once & againe . r oft . * I haue trespassed nothing . * credit me securely . * Carry your selues away . * Reteine thou . * will ●o . * Sonne or r Sirrah . * a pennar or pen sheath . r If you will [ haue ] anything , I will minister [ or afford ] it . * Euen ten [ or write ] euen ten . * goe away no whither . r as largely as you will. * Son take &c. * thanke is giuen to you . * What may you haue thanks to me , an old man to a little yong man , [ or an old man [ should giue thanks ] to &c. * duety or kindeness . r if you please . * nod vnto it , viz. consent . * what it is . * I will. * very vnknowne . r a great towne * great spinning & carding ▪ or much working in wool . * ●ou●● it , or know 〈◊〉 . * you to be a scholar . * * Therefore what hath happened ▪ * for the cause of studying . * for the cause of my mind . r market . r haue you been . * instituted 〈◊〉 taught ? * I haue beene . r great schola●●● * flocke . * the answere is ridiculous . r very well learned . * whatsoeuer they will. * Latine things . * anything wo●● thy your labour . * esteeme . * Is it lawfull . * I fly not backe . * It is lawfull if you ●●st . * Do you hould . * Bring forth [ or v●te ] * to please princes , [ or princelike men ] is not the last prayse . r least . r to please princelike or great men . * will to it selfe . r that some boy is not vnlearned . * notable . r such light matters . * And or also . * to fight with swords or contend . * doubly . r vsuall . * for . .i. pristinis . * chiefe men . r me●● . * it cometh to passe . * harmfull or dammageable . * with a Die. * princelike . * the old man the merchant . * the old woman the fox . * A foxing old woman . * is extant in Erasmus . * Of what sort . * A heroike verse of six metres . consists that verse * consists that verse . * [ It consists ] in the four first &c. r of Dactyle or Spondee feet . * doth a Dactyle receiue . * [ Each Dactyle foot receiues ] ; [ syllables ] r last . r learned them but from them * It behoues him to be a rich man. * young men . r hardly keepe himselfe . r extreme need & necessity . * fortune . * pacifie or appease by sacrifice * How is it a●reed to the citizens & to him●elf * by strift who shall fauour him most . * He deserues their bounty more by so much r countreys . r rich . * [ They loue me ] as their brother . * And what do you ? &c. * dispatch it to me . * By this name . * and loue in like manner . r no man. * who may teach the children of kings . r hauing admonished him . * vnto these things . * of letters . * more bountifully , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tenderly . * [ It is necessarie that ] he be a bad yong man or youth . * me to loue him * I iudged or deemed . * [ my ] son I haue asked you now . * [ my ] son I haue asked you now . * send you away . * you coming to your mayster . * officiously or dutifully in my name . r willingly or readily . * And is ther any r desiring to play . * all of vs in generall . * make or procure you plenty of play . r wil acknowledg our selues exceedingly bound vnto you . * very much . * We will obey your commandements continually . * the chiefe diligence . r in study . * exact or inflict . * whatsoeuer you will. * euill doers . * I come to . r I like the condition . r so it be honestly * in so cleare a heauen . * impossible to be intreated . * for what would you doe ? * a will [ or desire ] you to doe . * I desire gladly [ or tickle ] to play * 3 daies agoe . * hath that fallen away [ or slipt ] from you . r were so vehement . * it pleased me not . * cleare [ or a clearesky . ] * O the immortal God! r we might not . * at length . r bounce . r to shout aloude . * O good Gods. r chuse to eate . * to remember or rehea●se . * Truly ●● my iudgement . r What thinke you of the hand ball . * of playing * do my powers suffice . r haue I. * Both of them . r delighted . r wets vs. * Whether doth wrastling delight you ? * breaking or a rupture . * Do you not list to ride . * got a horsback . r Do you not like hunting r We want nets . * art . * vnpermitted to vs. r in shooting . * repa●e it . r stetchers . * If mony abounded . * there is need to me . * It is a maruell . * abhorred from . viz disliked . r I much maruell * do you beleeue all to be so . * sowre , crabbish ▪ viz. vnfit to company with . * will. r examine what we doe . r Giles r Frederick * these tables or ● these letters . r What needs any letter . * these letters do speak or mention r returne . * restored it or giuen it . * nod to it , not no● from it . * one of them . * the best of my fellows , of my only companion . r I meet you ●ery ●tly . * call . * schoole-master . * him to be there . * nothing . * doe . * I earnestly desire of you . * there be leasure * there cannot be any leasure . * lest . * interpret , viz. tell me the meaning of these tables . * These letters are sealed . r open it . * Dost thou bid , or causest thou . * vnseale . r other folks . * what then after . r to carry them . r very well . * I feare euilly to my selfe . r blame [ or accuse ] me . r blame [ or accuse ] me . * them to ●e letters of commendations . * fraud to be vnder . r letter . r disclose or make knowen . * saith s●lutation . * study . * by blaming * I haue made experienc● . * finish or accomplish . r with stripes . * you do not any thing hurt . * I do easily suffer . * the letters of Bellerophon . * sauor [ or be felt ] a little . * the hand of my father . * If he ●hall offend any thing study to amend him with words . * It is much profited . * I haue tried him . * that you do not effect the thing with rods . * [ It is ] an artificiall change , as the Gods may loue me well . Or let God so loue me as . * come to know of [ or heare of ] the fraud or legerdemaine . * These things shall be a care to me . * hindered or kept me back * more swiftly now . 
A28472	----	A world of errors discovered in The new world of words, or, General English dictionary, and in Nomothetes, or, The interpreter of law-words and terms by Tho. Blount ... Esq. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. 1673 Approx. 85 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 11 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A28472 Wing B3345 ESTC R18536 12213081 ocm 12213081 56344 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A28472) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 56344) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 123:1) A world of errors discovered in The new world of words, or, General English dictionary, and in Nomothetes, or, The interpreter of law-words and terms by Tho. Blount ... Esq. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. [21] p. Printed by T.N. for Abel Roper, John Martin, and Henry Herringman ..., In the Savoy : 1673. Reproduction of original in Yale University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696? -- New world of words. Cowell, John, 1554-1611. -- Interpreter. English language -- Dictionaries -- Early works to 1700. 2005-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-01 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-04 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-04 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A World of Errors DISCOVERED IN THE New World of Words , OR General English DICTIONARY . AND IN NOMOTHETES , OR THE INTERPRETER OF LAW-WORDS and TERMS . By Tho. Blount of the Inner Temple , Esquire . PROV . 27.5 . Melior est manifesta correptio , quam amor absconditus . In the SAVOY : Printed by T.N. for Abel Roper , John Martin , and Henry Herringman , at the Sun in Fleetstreet , over-against St. Dunstans Church , at the Bell in St. Pauls Churchyard , and at the Blew Anchor in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange . 1673. TO THE READER . MVst this then be suffered ? A Gentleman for his divertisement writes a Book , and this Book happens to be acceptable to the World , and sell ; a Book-seller , not interessed in the Copy , instantly employs some Mercenary to jumble up another like Book out of this , with some Alterations and Additions , and give it a new Title ; and the first Author 's out-done , and his Publisher half undone . Thus it fared with my Glossographia , the fruit of above Twenty years spare hours , first published in 1656. Twelve Moneths had not passed , but there appeared in Print this New World of Words , or General English Dictionary , extracted almost wholly out of mine , and taking in its first Edition even a great part of my Preface ; onely some words were added and others altered , to make it pass as the Authors legitimate off-spring . In these Additions and Alterations he not seldom erred , yet had not those Errors been continued , with new supplies to a Second and third Impression , so little was I concerned at the particular injury , that these Notes ( in great part collected from his first Edition ) had never reproached his Theft to the World. First therefore , this gallant Peice faces it with a pompous Frontispiece , wherein are sculped our two famous Universities , the Pictures of Sir Francis Bacon , Sir Henry Spelman , Mr. Selden , Camden , and others of our most Learned Men of the last Age , with a Scholar of each Vniversity in his Formalities . And the Title Page affirms the work to be very necessary for strangers , as well as our own Countreymen : As if our Author intended the World should believe his Book to be the Fac totum of all Great Britains learning , and himself the Parent of so immense a Production . Soon after we find a Catalogue prefixed of the names of divers Learned Persons of this Age , Eminent in or contributary to any of those Arts , Sciences , or faculties contained in the following Work. Whereby the Author would at least obscurely insinuate , that those Learned Persons had contributed to or assisted him in it , thereby to advance its reputation ; but I believe nothing less , having heard some of the cheif of them utterly disown both the Author and his Work. Thus does the Book pride it self in vanity and outward form ; but when you come to the substance , you will find Dr. * Skinners Judgment , both of it and the Author most true . In one place he says — Et pro more Authoris exponitur absurdissime . In another — Ridicule ut solet omnia . In a third — Ubi notare est miserimam Authoris ignorantiam , &c. What then will Strangers think of it ; what our own Countreymen ? They will say , Canis festinans caecos parit catulos : That such a Dictionary cannot be hudled up in Eight or ten Moneths , nor without much industry and care , though the Author be never so learned . For we read of an Italian Dictionary that was Forty years in compiling by the joynt-labor of several Learned Men ; and that Sir Francis Bacon , after he had written his Instauratio Magna , did , year by year for Twelve years , revise and alter it , before he would commit it to the Press . All Writers may modestly claim the benefit of Humanum est Errare ; but certainly our Author has transgressed the bounds of that Indulgence . For , I did not read half his Book to pick up these , with many more Exceptions . What then would a more knowing Reader discover , that should seriously peruse the whole ? Miserimam Authoris ignorantiam . But that which cheifly incited me to this publication , was in some measure to redeem the Terms of the Common Law of the Land from the scandal of a most Barbarous and Senceless Interpretation , which too too often occurs through his Book ; though all other subjects have not scaped too without their share in his mistakes . As first for Words of Ecclesiastical use , How grosly hath he abused the two common words , Candlemass and Ember-week ? Are we not like to have an accurate account of obsolete , difficult , or foreign words from him who stumbles so miserably at plain Ember-week ? There being a particular Devotion ordered for those weeks in the Liturgy of the Church of England . But he still fancies himself under a Commonwealth , and a Church without Bishops , as appears in Sequestration , Down , Court of Peculiars — Perhaps he hath been more versed in Military Affairs ; alass no , his interpretation of Blunderbuss and Dag shews how little he is to be trusted with Weapons . He hath also given a fair specimen of his skill in Sea-Terms by interpreting Balass and Jetson ; nay , he hath shewn an extraordinary endeavor and dexterity in mistaking , else he could never have erred in those things that are common in all Trading and Commerce , as Gallon , Pipe , Cloue , Weigh , &c. But , to the Particulars in order as they lie . A World of Errors DISCOVERED In the New World of WORDS , OR General English DICTIONARY . AMesse , A Priests Hood ▪ or Cap , which he weareth in the Quire. Both the word itself is mistaken , and the signification : The word is Amice ( from amictus ) which is a Linnen Cloth , with two long strings , which the Priest puts about his Neck , and ties the strings about his middle . Amoctise , To kill . It has a more usual and proper signification , viz. To grant Alien , or give Land in Mortmain . Ancient Demeasn ( a term in Common Law ) signifying a publick tribute by a Tenure , whereby all Mannors belonging to the Crown in the days of Edgar or Saint Edward , did hold . There is nothing of a Publick Tribute , nor of Edgar in the Point . Ancient Demain is a Tenure , whereby all the Crown-Mannors in the days of Edward the Confessor , or William the Conqueror were held ; and the number of them particularly appears in Domesday , under the title Terra Regis . Balasse , A Saxon word , signifying Gravel laid in the bottom of a Ship , to keep it upright . He mistakes the word for Ballast , which is a Dutch word , nor does it signifie onely Gravel , but any other ponderous substance . Balasse hath a different signification . Baronage , A Tax or Subsidy of Aid , to be levied for the King out of the Precincts of Baronies . The word had never any such signification till now , Rex & Baronagium suum is taken for the King , and all His Subjects , or the whole Parliament representing them ; according to Selden in his Titles of Honor. Bastard , Signifies , in the Common Law , one begotten out of Wedlock — One may be begotten out of Wedlock , yet be no Bastard , by our Authors leave . Beacon and Beads , He derives from the Dutch , which are Saxon words , as Dr. Skinner will inform him in his Etymologicon linguae Anglicanae . Bigamy , The marriage of two Wives at the same time , which according to Common Law hinders a man from taking holy orders . Here our Author speaks some truth , at peradventure : For he that marries two Wives at the same time commits Felony , and the punishment of Felony is Death ; which ( suppose it be by hanging ) may very well hinder him from taking holy Orders — I find he does not understand the word . Blunderbusse , A long Gun that will carry — Here long stands for short , by a new figure . Bordlanders , The Demeans that the Lords keep in their hands for the maintenance of their Board or Table . He should have said Bordlands ; for Bordlanders are the Tenants that held such Lands , called in Domesday Bordarii . Bowsing in Faulconry , is when , &c. This &c. is a new way of explicating words . Brigandine ( French ) An ancient kind of Amor — Also a kind of Ship or Pinnace . This last is a Brigantine . Brudunsium , A Town in Italy . Sure he aim'd at Brundusium , a City of Calabria , by the Adriatick Sea. Buckwheat , A Herb growing in Woods — This is otherwise called French Wheat , and is a sort of Grain , much sown in Wales and some parts of England , and used for feeding Swine and Poultry . Calcedon , A word used by Lapidaries , being a certain Forbe-vein in a Ruby or Saphire — This was an Errata of the Printer in the first Edition of Glossographia , whence our Author misunderstandingly borrowed it ; it should be Fowle-vein , for there is no such word as Forbe . Camuledunum or Camoledunum , The cheif Town of Essex in England , Vulgarly called Colchester , or rather Maldon . This is most usually written Camalodunum , a name never given to Colchester , but to Maldon , which is not the cheif Town of Essex . Candlemass , The second day of February , so called ( as some think ) because about that time they left of burning Candles at Mass , which was between Four and five of the Clock — This is so ridiculously absurd , that ( as some think ) none but our Author ever Printed the like ; if between Four and five of the Clock relate to the morning ( 2 Febr. ) then they must say Mass in the dark , if to the afternoon , then it sutes with Colonel Barksteads wisdom , who in the Rump time committed a Papist for being at an Evening Mass ( as he called it ) at an Ambassadors House in Long acre . Chace ( French ) A Warren — He might as well have said a Bull is an Ox ; for Chace and Warren ( so they are written ) differ as much . Cloue , A Law Term , the two and thirtieth part of a weight . Weight for Weigh makes it unintelligible , yet so it has pass'd in all three Impressions of his Book . Conventual Church , A Parish Church . It is no Parish Church ; as most men , except our Author , know . A Cord of Wood , A parcel of Fire-wood , set out as the Coal-fire , containing in measure — How shall we understand this without an Oedipus ? Corporation ( Lat. ) In the Civil Law signifieth a Body Politick &c. It is not a Civil-Law term : The Civilians call it Vniversitatem or Collegium . Corsary ( French ) A Courrier . This comes from the Italian , Corsaro , and signifies a Pirat or Pirats-ship ; which the Author might have learnt from our weekly Gazets . The Decimal Chain , A certain Mathematical Instrument for the measuring of Land , which is to be divided into ten equal parts , each of which containeth about nineteen in length . Here we are put to a subaudi , or else it is nonsence . Descalsas ( Spanish ) A sort of Fryers in Spain that go barelegged . Barefoot , he should have said , for so the word imports ; and those Fryers are elswhere , as well as in Spain . Dislodge , A term in hunting , applied to a Buck , when you first raise him . I see our Author is no good Huntsman , for it is rowze a Buck , and dislodge a Stag. Doublet , A precious Stone , consisting of two peices joyned together . Nor good Lapidary ; for a Doublet is no precious Stone , but a counterfeit , consisting usually of two peices of Glass artificially put together , with a foyl in the midst , answerable in colour to that Stone you would have it resemble . But it is ordinary with him to take counterfeit for right . Downe , The name of a Town in Ireland , formerly a Bishops See. I doubt our Author still fancies we are under a levelling Commonwealth ; for Downe is now , as formerly , a Bishops See. Droit , Signifieth in Common Law , a double right , the right of possession , and the right of the Lord. Sometimes our Author , when he borrows out of another Book , swallows an Erratum of the Printer , and puts it down sence or not sence . Here he fancied an Erratum , when there was none ; for this word in our Law-Expositors is , Droit-droit or Dreit-dreit , signifying a double right , that is , Jus possessionis & jus dominii ; which he thought to correct , by making a single Droit to signifie a double right ; and by translating Jus Dominii , the right of the Lord. Ember Week , In Latine , Cineralia , the week before Lent , wherein by the ancient Institution of the Church , people were to fast , and the Bishop used to sprinkle Ashes on their Heads , saying , Remember O Man , that thou art ashes , and to ashes thou shalt return : Imber signifying in the Saxon tongue Ashes , whence our word Embers cometh — We will for once enumerate the Errors in the Exposition of this one word . 1. He concludes there is but one Ember-week , of four well known . 2. Cineralia is Latine for Ash-wednesday . 3. The Ember-week he aimed at , is not before Lent , but in the first whole week of Lent. 4. By no Institution , were people to fast the week before Lent. 5. The Bishop did not sprinkle Ashes on their Heads , but made a Cross on their Foreheads with Ashes — 6. The words were Memento homo , quia pulvis es — Dust , not Ashes . 7. Imber in the Saxon Tongue , does not signifie Ashes , nor in truth is there any such word . And ( 8 ) by consequence our word Embers cannot come from thence . Our Author ought to do some penance to expiate these faults . Emergent , An Emergent occasion is taken for a business of great consequence . Well guessed ! An Emergent occasion , is that which rises unexpectedly out of some other , and was not foreseen . Enquest In Common Law , is the tryal of causes both Civil and Criminal by the Jury . It is not the tryal it self , but that Inquisition which the Jury makes in all Causes , Civil , or Criminal , touching the Matter in Fact , in order to their Verdict and the Tryal . Errant , A Justice which rides the Circuit , from the Latine word Errare . This is an errant mistake ; for it does not alone signifie such a Justice ; the Latine in the Statute of Marlebridge is Justiciarii Itinerantes , which Sir Edward Coke sometimes Englishes Justices in Eire , sometimes Justices Itinerant ; and the Mirror , cap. 6. says in French , Que sont ore apels Justices Errants . If our Author had said , that Errant is sometimes used for a Knight Errant , it had been more allowable . Exigent ( Lat. ) A Writ that lieth — It is directed to the Sheriff to call five County days under pain of Outlary . It should be to call the party five County days — otherwise it is nonsence . Ex parte Latis , A Writ that lieth — This is an Errata in Cowels Interpreter , whence our Author took it , right or wrong , it matters not : It should be Ex parte talis . Extrajudicial , That which is done out of Court. That which is done in Court may be Extrajudicial . Faloque ( French ) A Boat or Barge , by some called a Brigantine . Faloque is a little Boat with four Oars , and a Brigantine ( as our Author himself says elswhere ) is a small Ship or Pinnace . Feversham , A flourishing Town in Kent — Where King Steven founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny , &c. This Towns name is Faversham , and the Abbey ( however at first intended ) was stocked with the Monks of S. Bennets Order ; as we read in Monastichon Favershamiense , a late ingenuous Book . Franchise Royal , Is where the King Grants to a person and his heirs to be quit , or the like . To be quit , of , God knows what . Francis , A proper name of Man or Woman . Francis is the Mans name , Frances the Womans . Franck-chace , A liberty belonging to a Forester , by which all men having Land within such a compass , are prohibited to cut down Weeds without his view . Though we should allow Weeds for Wood , to be the Printers fault ; yet the rest is erroneous . Frithsoken , A surety or defence ; from the Saxon words Frid , i. e. Peace , and Socen , i. e. To seek . Neither is the Explication true , nor the Derivation . The Saxon words are Frith , Peace ; and Soc , a Liberty or Power . So that Frithsocne signifies a Power or Jurisdiction of keeping the Peace . Gainage , In Common Law , is Land held of the Baser kind of Sokemen or Villains . Sufficiently mistaken . We never till now read of Land held of Villains , who had no property but Ad voluntatem Domini . Gallon ( Spanish ) A measure containing two quarts . Our Author had better omitted this word , since every Alewife can contradict him . Garnishment ( French ) Signifieth in Common Law , the issuing forth a Writ of Scire facias against the Plaintiff , for an Action of Detinue of Charters brought against the Defendant . Perfect nonsence ! Garnishment , in Law , signifies a Warning : If you will know particularly how the word is used , you had need find out a better Expositor , then our Author . Grand Sergeanty , A certain kind of service , whereby the Lords of Scrivelby in Cheshire held their Land , which was to come well armed , &c. If the Author had well explicated the word , his mistaking Cheshire for Lincolnshire had been the more pardonable . Goman ( Saxon ) A married man ▪ and Gron , a Saxon word , signifying a Fenny place . Neither of them ( for ought I know ) are at all of kin to that Language . For thus the Learned Dr. Skinner on the word Goman , Author ( meaning ours ) dicit esse vocem Angl. — Sax. sed solens hallucinatur . To Grown , The Foresters say , A Buck growneth . But what it means you must learn elswhere ; for this is all he says of the word . Hankwit or Hangwit ( Saxon ) A Theif escaped out of Custody . It is a Mulct or Fine , for hanging a Theif unjustly . Hocktide , A certain Festival time , celebrated about Candlemass , for the death of Hardiknute , the last King of the Danes ; it is also called Blazetide , in Latine Fugalia . Hocktide was celebrated the second week after Easter , for expulsion of the Danes , after the death of Hardicanute . And Fugalia signifies a Feast solemnised in remembrance of driving the Kings out of Rome . Iansenism , The opinion of Cornelius Jansenus , Bishop of Tyre — For , Cornelius Jansenius , Bishop of Ypre in Flanders — Ichidian , A Motto or Devise , heretofore belonging to the Arms of the Princes of Wales — He might have learned to have written this better from some Sign in London , viz. Ic-dien ; the old Saxon was Ic-pegn , i.e. I serve . Ietson , The same as Flotson . They are no more of kin , then the Land is to the Sea ; for Jetson is that , which being cast out of a Ship , in danger of Wreck , is found upon the shoar ; and the other is that which is found floating upon the Sea : Innocents-day , 28 Dec. Wherein Mass used to be said for the Souls of the Innocent Children slain by Herod . Certainly Mass was never said for the Souls of Saints and Martyrs , who are in glory . But in the Mass or Church-service of the day there is a particular commemoration of those Martyred Children . Inquisition , — The name of a Grand Council , instituted by Ferdinand , the Catholick King of Spain — And in the word Dominicans , Saint Dominick is said to be the Author of this Inquisition — So apt our Author is to forget himself , Frigida es , & nigra es , es , & non es Chione . Ioynder , In Common Law is the coupling of two in a soite one against another . We allow soite to be the Printers fault , yet the rest is nonsence . It is the joyning of two in a suit against a third person . Iopoena , For Jôpaean , and Justices a Writ for Justicies — Such we meet with almost in every Page . Knight Baronet , Is a new distinct order erected by King James — Whereas before that time there were Baronets that were not Knights — A Baronet ( quatenus such ) being created by Letters Patent , is no Knight ; nor was there ever any Baronets before King James Institution of them . Howbeit anciently the word Baronet was sometimes used for Baneret , and sometimes for Baro minor . Lease — If it be in writing , it is called a Lease by Indenture , if by word of mouth ▪ a Lease Parcel . A Lease Parol , he should have said . Leet ( Sax. ) A Law - day , whence Court-Leet is a Court or Jurisdiction , containing the third part of a Shire , and comprehending three or four Wapentakes or Hundreds — This is an imperfect fragment taken out of Cowels Interpreter , who says indeed , that Court Leets , had anciently such large Jurisdictions , but have not so now . Lemstir , A Town of Herefordshire — Is now a days very famous for Wool , which is called Lemster-Ore . A gross mistake , Lemster-Ore ( from the Latine Ora ) is a Territory or Compass of Ground of about two miles round the Town , so called ; and the Wool had never any such denomination . Libertatibus allocandis , A Writ that lieth for a Citizen or Burgess of a City , who refusing or deferring to allow his priviledge , is impleaded before the Kings Justices . Capiat , qui capere potest ; Make sence of this that can . Lungis ( French ) A tall slim Man , that hath no length to his heighth . Quasi , A low gross Man that has no thickness to his bulk . Lutheranism , The Doctrine of Martin Luther , who being first a Monk of the Order of S. Augustine — There were , nor are any Monks of S. Austins Order , but Fryers . Mac , An Irish word , signifying as much as Son in English , or Fitz in Welsh . I see our Author is no Britain , nor Frenchman , else he would have understood that Fitz is borrowed from the French , not Welsh . Mallevertes , The name of an ancient Family in Yorkshire . Mistaken for Mallivery , according to Camden . Missale ( Lat. ) A Breviary or Mass-Book . This Error he borrowed out of Cotgraves Dictionary . The Books are of very different kinds . Mission ( Lat. ) A sending ; it is also taken peculiarly , or if a power given by the Church of Rome , to go — Nonsence ; if the Printer do not acquit him . Nativo habendo , A Writ for the apprehending and restoring to his Lord his Villain , claimed as his inheritance , who in Common Law is called Neif . However blundringly the words are put together , the Author intends Neif shall relate to Villain , and Villain to be a Man ; but Neif ▪ is the Bond-woman or she Villain . Nonability ( A Term in Law ) Being an exception taken against the Plaintiff or Defendant , why he cannot commence any sute in Law. We must convert Defendant into Demandant , to make it tolerable sence . None of a day , The third quarter of a day , from Noon till Sun-set . Where then shall we find the other three quarters ? — He should have said from Noon till the Sun be half-way down . An Obit ( Lat. ) A Rental , an Obsequy or Funeral . It signifies an Office or certain Prayers for the dead . Oratorians , An Order of Fryers , so called — They are not Fryers , but a kind of Regular-Secular Priests . Ordeal , a Saxon word , Signifying Judgment , a kind of purgation — Of which there are several kinds , as Campfight , Free Ordeal , and Water Ordeal . Campfight was none of the kinds of Ordaele , and Free Ordaele , should be Fire Ordaele . For Ordalium fuit judicium aquae , ignis , & ferri . Ostiary , ( Lat. ) One that keeps the Hoasts in a Church : a Door Keeper , a Keeper . If he had onely said a Door Keeper , he had preserved the word from an erroneous explication . For Ostiary has no relation to the keeping the Hoasts in a Church . Pathopep ( Greek ) An expression of a Passion , in Rhetorick it is a figure by which the mind . We are left to guess at the rest ; for so he leaves it . And Pathopep is an unknown word of his New World. The Court of Peculiars , A certain Court in the Bishops time , which dealt in certain Parishes — This is a certain kind of Independent-Commonwealth expression ; insinuating a certain Non-Entity of Bishops at present . Peter-pence , A tribute given by Inas , King of the West-Saxons . — It was also called the See of Rome . It was also called Romefeoh and Rome-penny , and was a Pension or an Alms given by King Inas , not a Tribute . Pipe , A Measure of Wine or Oyl , containing Twenty six Gallons , or half a Tun. By this account , a Tun should be but Fifty two Gallons , which contains Two hundred fifty two . The Prerogative Court , A certain Court belonging to the Civil Law , in which the Commissary sits upon Inheritances , faln either by the intestate or by Will and Testament . This is an Ecclesiastical Court , wherein all Testaments are proved and Administrations granted , where the party dying within the Province of Canterbury hath Bona notabilia in some other Diocess . V. Cokes 4 Inst . fol. 335. Pownd , In Common Law , signifie an Inclosure to keep Beasts in , but more especially a place of strength , where Cattle distreined for any trespass are put , until they be replevied or distreined . — Where Cattle distreined are put , till they be distreined ; is suitable to the rest . Primier Seisin , A word used in Common Law , a Branch of the Kings Prerogative , whereby he hath the first possession of all Lands and Tenements through the Realm . This is sufficiently erroneous : The King ( before the Statute of 12 Car. 2. ca. 24. ) had the Primier Seisin , or first possession onely of all Lands and Tenements holden of him in cheif , whereof his Tenant died seised in Fee ; which is taken away by the said Statute . Quaver , A measure of time in Musick being the half of a Crotchet , as a Crotchet the half of a Quaver , a Semiquaver , &c. What fustian is here ? Just so , two is the half of four , and four the half of two ; and Semiquaver is explicated by a dumb , &c. Reasonable Aid , In Common Law is a duty , that the Lord of the Fee claimeth , holding by Knights Service or in Soccage , to marry his Daughter , or make his son Knight . I doubt our Author bears some malice to the Common Law ; else he could not have maimed so many of its Terms , which are in several Books expounded to his hand : It should be ( claimeth of his Tenants ) to make it sence . Returns , Certain set times in each of the four Terms — Each Term consisting of 4 , 5 , or 8 Returns — The longest Term has but ● Returns , as every Almanack will shew . Rosemary ( Lat. Rosmarinus ) A well and most wholsome Plant — He omits the singular use of it , in adorning a piece of Roast Beef . Scapular ( Lat. ) Belonging to the Sholders ; whence a Scapulary , a Monks Hood or Cowl , reaching down to the Sholders . This Scapulary is mis-interpreted , it being a narrow piece of Cloth or Stuff , worn by Monks and Fryars over the rest of their habit , and reaching from the Sholders to the Ground ; and is neither like a Hood nor Cowl . Sequestration ( Lat. ) A separating a thing in controversie — But it is now commonly taken for a seising upon the Rents of Delinquents Estates , for the use of the Common-wealth . Our Author having Revised and Printed his Book ( as appears by the Title-page ) in the year 1671 ▪ is very bold , to call this Kingdom a Commonwealth ; as he also does in the word Coroner , where he speaks of the State , and Commonwealth of England . Seragesm Sunday , The Sunday before Shrove-Tuesday . Sexagesima Sunday , is the Sunday sennight before Shrove-Tuesday . Shafment , A kind of measure containing an hand bredth . It is from the top of the Thumb set upright to the utmost part of the Palm , which is , by a tall mans hand , half a foot . Socinians , A certain Sect that deny the Divinity of Christ , first spred by Faustus Socinianus of Siena . It was first broached by Laelius Socinus , and advanced by Faustus Socinus of Sienna . Tierce ( French ) A certain liquid measure , containing the third part of a Pipe , which is two Tuns . And before he said a Pipe is Twenty six Gallons , or half a Tun. Strange contradictions and mistakes even in common notions . Trestle , A Trevet or Stool with three Feet . Trevet is a Three-footed instrument of Iron , to set Cauldrons on — Threstle , that of Wood , for other uses . Tuilleries ( French ) So called because that Titles were made there . Tiles and Titles are all one with our Author . Verdera ( Lat. Viridarius ) A judicial Officer of the Kings Forest — This our Author will say was the Printers fault , for Verderer . And Vncore purist ( French ) — For Vncore prist . Warrant or Warranty , In Common Law , is a Covenant made in a Deed by one man to another , to warrant and secure himself and his heirs , against all men whatsoever , for the injoyning of any thing agreed on between them . Surely , no man will buy any Land of this Author , if his Warranty or Covenant shall onely extend to secure himself and his heirs . Warren ( Lat. Varrenna or Vivarium ) A Prescription or Grant to a Man from the King , of having Phesants , Patridges , Conies , and Hares , within certain of his Lands . Nor does this mend the matter ; for though a man may have a Warren by Prescription , yet Warren does not signifie a Prescription or Grant. Wolfetchsod ( Sax. ) The condition of an Vtlary . The Saxon word is Wulvesheved or Wulfesheofod Anglice Wolfeshead , , and Vtlary for Vtlaw . Saint Wilfrids Needle , A certain narrow hole in the Church of Wakeman in Yorkshire , wherein womens honesties were in times past tryed . There is no such Church as Wakeman in Yorkshire : But Camden in his Britannia relates the same story of Rippon Church ; and the Cheif Magistrate of that Town being called the Wakeman , our Author by a new Trope ▪ converts the Magistrates name into a Church . Xerxes , A King of Persia — Who with an Army of Seventeen hundred thousand Men — Thou Boy ! I never read his Army consisted of above Ten hundred thousand , and so Thomasius and Goldman deliver it . Other Authors say , even there is a cipher too much , and that his Army was made up of onely One hundred thousand men . IN perusing this Dictionary , you may find some words twice explicated , and those too , with different Interpretations , where one must necessarily be false . Such are Dancet and Dansette ; Dodkin and Dotkin ; Jotacism and Herbert twice ; Ockham and Okum ; Rere-County and Rier-County ; Varry and Verrey , with divers others . It seems our Authors memory also failed him , or he did not understand them to be the same . He calls his Book The New World of Words , and in his Title Page tells us it contains the proper significations and Etymologies of all words derived from the Hebrew , Arabick , Syriack — enumerating in all Eleven Languages ; yet descends to the needless Explication of many trivial words of the Old World , as Beesom , Barm , Parsly , Rosemary , Bulhead , Buzzard , Capable , Gloomy , Indifference , Industry , Inferior , Satisfaction , Discern , Expence , Ruinous , &c. For example . BEesom , A thing to sweep with , made sometimes of Broom , and ordinarily so called , though made of Birch , Heath , &c. We are obliged to him for this Learned Exposition ; though he does not tell us , whether it be derived from the Hebrew , Arabick , or Syriack , &c. To have made it at all fit to take up a room in his Book , he might have said the Saxons called it a Besm , and that in some parts of England it is otherwise called a Broom . Barm , Yest , the flowing or overdecking of Beer . If he had told us , that this in the North of England is called Godsgood , he had said something . We will observe lastly , what the Learned Dr. Skinner in his Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae , says of this Authors English Dictionary , which he often cites and seldom without reproof . COllock , An old Saxon word , signifying a Pail without a handle Engl. Dict. Collock , Authori Dict. Angl. apud quem solum occurrit , exp . qui antiquam Angl. Sax. vocem esse dicit , sed apud Somnerum non occurrit . Credo igitur Authorem hic , ut ferè semper , somniâsse . Dr. Skinner . Calsounds , A kind of Linnen Drawers usually worn among the Turks . Engl. Dict. Colsounds , vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , & , pro more Authoris , exponitur absurdissimè , ut ipsius verbis utar , A kind of Linnen Drawers usually worn among the Turks , reverà a Fran. Gal. Calcons , Subligaculum . Femoralia interiora . Dr. Skinner . Chestoul , Poppy . Engl. Dict. Chestoul , in Dict. Angl. mendosè pro Chesbowles vel Cheesebowles . Dr. Skinner . Corsary ( French ) A Courrier . Engl. Dict. — Credo autem , si Author hanc vocem unquam legit ; vel fando audivit , quod valdè dubito , ipsum in ejus expositione errare . Dr. Skinner . Cosh or Cotterel ( old word ) A Cottage . Engl. Dict. Cosh , Authori Dict. Angl. apud quem solum vox occurrit , dicit esse idem cum Cotterel , ridiculè ut solet omnia . Dr. Skinner . A Dag , A Pistol , so called from the Dacians , who first used them . Engl. Dict. Dag , Vox quae hoc sensu in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , ubi notare est miserrimam Authoris ignorantiam , qui tormentum bellicum manuarium minus , a Pistol exponit , & dictum putat A Dacis , qui primi hoc armorum genere usi sunt ; imo ultimi omnium Europae populorum , Dr. Skinner . Fosset , A little long Coffer or Chest ; from the Latin word Fossa a Ditch . Engl. Dict. Fosset , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit . Exponitur autem Cista , Capsa : Author deducit a Lat. Fossa , imperitè ut solet omnia ; Credo potius ortum ab Ital. Forciere , idem signante . Higginio autem Adr ▪ Junii interpreti , Cista dicitur Forset , a quo proculdubio haec vox orta est . Dr. Skinner . Goule ( Old Word ) Vsury ; from the Latin word Gula , i. e. The Throat . Engl. Dict. Goule , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrie . Author exponit usuram , & deflectit a Lat. Gula — Ego nihil nec de voce ipsa , quod unquam revera extiterit , nec de Etymo credo . Dr. Skinner . A Marrow ( French ) A Companion or Fellow ; also a Beggarly Rascal . Engl. Dict. Author malè , ut solet omnia , exponit Socium , item mendicum vilem , A Beggarly Rascal . Priori enim sensu nusquam gentium occurrit , &c. Dr. Skinner . Rigols , A certain Musical Instrument , called a Clericord ; comes from the French Regalliadir , i. e. to rejoyce ( for Regaillardir . ) Engl. Dict. Rigols , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , exponitur instrumentum musicum , quod alio nomine Clavichordium , A Clavicord dicitur . Author somniando , ut solet , suaviter deducit a Fr. Gal. Regalliadir , exhilarari . Sanè si talis vox sit , quod nullus credo , mallem deducere a Fr. Gal. Se Rigoler , deridere , lascivire — Vel , quod magis placet , a Lat. Lyricola . Dr. Skinner . Once more to the READER . I Had no sooner travelled over the New World of Words , but I stumbled upon a late Book , entituled Nomothetes , or an Interpreter of obscure Law Words and Terms , which obliged me to the trouble of another perambulation . My Nomolexicon or Law Dictionary ( being the product of many years pains ) was published in Trinity Term 1670. and within the space of Five Terms after , this . Interpreter was wholly both Written and Printed . This Author it seems made choice of the Title Nomothetes , that it might gingle with Nomolexicon ; but the more Learned in the Greek Tongue than my self , affirm the word improper for an Interpreter , and to signifie onely a Legislator or Law-giver ; and how fit he is to assume that title , will soon appear . He dedicates his Book with much confidence , to a learned and very honorable Person , to whom certainly he ought to have written at least in true Grammar . In his Preface he says , — I have also gleaned after the Book , entituled , The Law Dictionary , wherein are many good things , which I have hinted , as every ingenious Reader will discern , but withal have added some Centuries of Words , therein totally omitted . Though I did not expect or desire any commendations from this Gentleman , yet he was in some sort obliged to it , for the credit of his own Work ; since it is obvious to every common Reader that he has hinted , that is , in the softest phrase , borrowed almost every Stone from the Law Dictionary to build up his Interpreter ; yet with very disingenuous arts and subtile disguises . His Additional Centuries of words he might , without so much as ever scratching his head , have multiplied into Millenaries ; since he has ( by vertue of his Nomothetical power ) adopted many into the family of Law words , which are absolute strangers to it . As House , Moer , Palmer , Paragraph , Paranimph , Parathalassia , Patriarch , Tillage , Wife , Zenodochium , Zealot — and such like . But , it may be objected , The Law Dictionary too hath divers words that are not precisely Terms of the Law. I grant it , but say , they are some way or other allied to the Law , and not to be found in our common Dictionaries , and whereto I add the Statute , Record , or Charter , wherein I found them , as my Warrant for their insertion ; one principal part of my design having been , from the ruines of antiquity , to retrieve , as far as I was able , ancient Law-Latine , Saxon , and Record-words , almost utterly lost , as Bescata , Juncaria , Tassum , Putura , Rasarium , Sichetum , — a work of labor , and may be of use ; but our Author found an easier way to the Wood. It is enacted in the Fourteenth year of His Majesties Reign , That no person shall Print any Book or Copy , or part of any , which another , by due entry of it in the Stationers I all , or otherwise , hath the right or priviledge solely to Print , without the consent of the owner of such Book or Copy , upon a Penalty therein mentioned ; however this evasion hath been industriously found out , That , if some little alteration be made in every Page , be it but addition or substraction , or the misusing or change of some words , it will pass with a non obstante ; though such as practise it , are dignified with the name of Land-Pirates : To which title our Author hath undoubted right , not for this Work onely , but for other of like nature . Thus then he shews his skill . Where I put the Citation before the Exposition , he puts it after , Et e contra , as in Scavage , Waxshot — Where I say , As in the Case of the Burgesses of Derby — He — As in the matter concerning the Burgesses of Derby . See Thrave of Corn. Where I say small , he says little , as in Grills ; and where I say called , he writes nominated , as in Candlemass . Where I ( having cited an old Deed or Charter ) say at last Penes such a one , he says in the custody of — As in Assart . Where I say , The word is mentioned in such a Statute , he says spoken of — As in Pyker . Where I say — Most notoriously , he more notedly . Vide Term. Then for variety , he sometimes puts my Citation into English ; and it is odds he makes nonsence of it , by so doing , as in Pax Ecclesiae , Seneucia — Again , he sometimes abridges , as in Eskippeson ; and sometimes wholly omits the Citation , as in Leccator , Orgallous — Not reflecting that I had not at all inserted those words , but for the authority of the Citations . To some Words he adds , others he alters — As where I say , Balenger seems to have been a kind of Barge or Water-Vessel ; he alters it thus subtilely , A Boat or Barge to sail on the Water . So in Blomary , I onely cite the Statute of 27 Eliz. 19. He , of this you may read at large , 27 Eliz. 19. In which Statute the word is barely mentioned , without any thing of it at large . Lastly , He hath an excellent way of mustering words up to a Century , and filling up Paper , by dividing one word into two , as in Couratier , and repeating the Exposition of Synonima's , as Annats , First-fruits , and Primitiae ; Romefeoh , Romepenny , and Romescot ; Heinfare , Henfare , and Hinefare . His principal Additions are certain Saxon words in Domesday Book , said to be expounded by Mr. Agar , and Printed in a Book called The Law of Conveyances : The most part of which I rejected , as full of Errors , some of the Words being mistaken , and more of the Expositions . So that I concluded , it either was not really Mr. Agars , or else much abused by the ignorance of the Transcriber or Printer , however our Author kindly entertained them , to pass muster . I was not willing to trouble my self or the Reader , with any more of these absurdities , though I can produce at least Two hundred , besides misalphabets and false English in great abundance , and none of them excused by any Errata . I have onely to add , That , besides his own mistakes , he brings most of the Authors he deals with , even the Sages of the Law , as Bracton , Dyer , Coke , &c. to be accessory to his Errors , by quoting them falsly : But I am willing to say somewhat in his excuse , he was set on work by some Booksellers , and enjoyned to make great expedition , some of his hasty work , having been Printed before the rest was written , and much written before half digested : If they had allowed their Compiler more time , perhaps he could have done better . ERRORS Discovered in the miscalled NOMOTHETES OR THE INTERPRETER OF OBSCURE LAW-WORDS and TERMS . ACcessory — Because Manslaughter is sudden and not presented . Coke , lib. 4. fol. 44. And , under the same Title-word , he says , If a Man counsel a Woman to murther the child in her Womb , and afterwards the child is born , and there murthered by the Woman , in the absence of him that so gave the counsel ; yet he is accessory by his counselling before the Birth of the Infant , and countermanding it . Dyer , fol. 186. pl. 2. Here are no less than three gross mistakes in these few lines , and Dyer vouched for Warranty . Acre — He concludes this word thus , — As was adjudged in the Exchequer , in the Case between Sir Edw. Aston and Sir Jo. B. in the Statute made concerning sowing Flax. Wondering how this Statute came to be hauld in without any Coherence , I found at last , our Author ( who was in hast ) hath omitted two or three lines of the subsequent matter , which should make it sence . Ayde — In the close of this word , the Author hath this piece of nonsence . The Civil in Suits between two , allow a third to come in pro interesse — Allay — The reason of which Allay is with a better metal , to augment the weight of the Silver or Gold. I never heard of a better metal , than Gold ; but hope he intended to have said baser . Ancestor , Antecessor . The signification is well known , but we make this difference ; that Ancestor is applied to a natural person , as J.S. and his Ancestors ; the other to a Body Politick or Corporate , as a Bishop and his Predecessors . Coke on Littl. lib. 2. cap. 4. sect . 103. To what ( the other ) relates , does not appear , however my Lord Coke is injuriously represented , as the Author of this blundering , lame expression . Arabant , Are they that held by tenure of Ploughing or Tilling Ground . These Arabants were certainly a sort of excellent Plough-men Sic vos , non vobis , fertis aratra Boves . Arsura Things relating to Coynage . Arsura , is the singular number , and is often found in Domesday , where ( as a Learned Expositor says ) Videtur esse examinatio per ignum . The tryal of money after it was coyned . Assault — Assultus est in personam aut locum — Vel equo aut manchinis aut quacunque alia re — Our Author had done well to have interpreted this uncouth word manchinis . Assise of Mortdancestor — This the Civilians call Judicium Possessiorum adipiscendi . The Civilians disclaim the word Possessiorum , and so does Priscian too . Attainted — One Attaint , was , in former times upon his confession , constrained to abjure the Realm , and therefore was sometimes called Abjuration . And for this is cited , Stam. Pl. Cor. fol. 182. but abusively . Autum Reginae , The Queens Silver . Then let Argentum Reginae be the Queens Gold. — But it is a good stumble that never Horses . Bachelor — Baccalaurei a bacillo nominati sunt , qui● primi studit authoritatem , quae per exhibitionem baculi concedebatur , jam consecuti fuissent , &c. This studit is a quarrelsome word , and will certainly break Priscians Head. Balenger — Seems to be a kind of Barge or Boat to sail upon the Water . This may very well be true ; for I never heard of any such to sail upon the Land. And note , those words ( to sail upon the Water ) are added to what the Law Dictionary says . Bane — He which is the cause of another mans , is said then to be Labane , a Malefactor . If our Author write no better sence ; it will be the Bane of his Interpreter ; and I think the Banes may very lawfully be forbidden . Baron — Barons by Letters Patent or Creation ( say our Antiquaries ) were first about the time of Henry the Sixth . It may well be suspected our Author consulted none of our Antiquaries herein ; for the first Baron by Creation ▪ was in the second of Richard the Second . Berwick — Spelman thinks it may be Manerium majus ad minus pertinens . This is a great injury to that learned Author , who says the direct contrary , as you may read in his Glossarium , verbo , Berenuica . Besca — Hence perhaps Vna bescata fodient terrae inclusa , Mon. Angl. pag 2. fol. 642. Here is a like false citation imposed upon another worthy Author ; though the words lay fair in the Law Dictionary . Botting , Is a term of art used in Greys Inn , whereby they intend private arguing of Cases . I have heard of Botting of Barly in the Countrey — But what our Author aimed at , is Bolting , and some Bolts are soon shot . Breve — Quia breviter & paucis verbis intentionem proferens exponit . Bracton lib. 5. Nor must learned Bracton scape , without having false Latine imposed upon him , Bullenger , The common Petition , that some Commissioners issued to Cities , for the preparing Boats and Bullengers , may be repealed . Our Author had a fair Copy , from whence he transcribed this . viz. The Law Dictionary , but his hast has shuffled it into nonsence . Burse or Colibti , A word used in Domesday — Colibti is not to be found there , unless with a dash on the b for Coliberti ; and how Burse and Colibti come to be Synonima , is beyond a common skill to imagine . Buzecatle , Bursecaples , or Botsecals , the same with Boatswain or Mariner . It is much , our Author should not write one of these three words true ; but coyn such as were never before heard of : Buzzard had been a more allowable mistake . The true word is Buscarl or Buzecarl . Carucata , A Plough Land — Skene , de verbo signif . deriveth it from the French Charon , a Plough — There is no such French word as Charon , nor is it so in Skene , de verborum signif . but charrow , which is neerer the true French word charrne , a Plough , then Charon . Cepi corpus , Is a Return made by the Sheriff , that upon a Capias , Exigend or other Process , when he hath taken the body of the party . F.N.B. fol. 26. Here the redundant word ( when ) does much perplex the sence , and make it unintelligible . Clerk — Subdiaconi , Cantoni , Acolythi — This Cantoni is a pretty word , and deserves a particular interpretation . Clerk of the Ax — This word , and the explication our Author took in hast out of the Law Dictionary , never looking upon the Errata of that Book , where he might have found it an acknowledged mistake for Clerk of the Acts , and explicated accordingly . Clerk of the Pleas — Is an Officer in the Exchequer , in whose Official , the Officers of the Court ought to sue — If any Action did lie for writing nonsence ; our Author would find no Plea for himself . Collation of a Benefice — Towards the later end of this Interpretation , you shall find as little sence , as in the former . Commendam — When a Parson is made a Bishop , there is a Cession of his Benefice by the Commotion . Our Author is very unhappy in his variations ; for Commotion marrs the matter . Common Fine — And for this Common Fine the Lord must prescribe , and cannot prescribe for it without prescription , as appears in Godfreys Case , in 11 Rep. Thus my Lord Coke is again brought in to patronize nonsence . Commotes , Signifies in Wales a part of a shire , as a Cantred or Hundred , 28 Hen. 8. cap. 3. It is written Commoiths 4 Hen. 4. cap. 17. And is used for a gathering made upon the people . This last is Com●rth , a word of different signification from Commote , and ought not to be confounded with it . Count — But Countors , by Horns Mirror of Just . lib. 2. cap. des . Loyers , are such Serjeants , skilful in the Law , which serve the common people to defend their Actions in Judicature , for their Fee ; whose duty , if it be , as is there described , and were observed , Men might have much more comfort of the Law , than they have . This our Author transcribed from Cowels Interpreter ; and is one of those irreverent reflections upon the Common Law and Lawyers of this Land , which ( among other mistakes , in points derogatory to the supream Power of the Crown of England , and Fundamental Constitutions of Parliaments ) caused that Book to be prohibited by the Kings Proclamation bearing date the 25th day of March , 8 Jac. Anno 1610. Yet our Author in his Preface , takes the boldness to say , That the Ground-work , upon which he builds , is Cowels Interpreter , an excellent Book , both as to its matter and composure , and did not deserve that severe arraignment that it hath of late suffered . Courratier , A French word , signifying a Horse . Courser , 2 Inst . fol. 719. Courratier , Is a Hors-courser ; but our Author hath found a new way of dividing one word into two , to make up his Centuries . Cuth , otherwise Uncuth , Privatus vel extraneus — Cuth signifies known , and Uncuth unknown , yet here they are both coupled in one yoke , as Synonima . Custos Brevium — There is also a Custos Brevium & retulorum in the Kings Bench , who Fileth there , and Warrants of Attorney — This is of the same complexion with the rest . Demurrer — West calleth that likewise a Demurrer in Chancery , when there is question made , Whether a Parties Answer to a Bill of Complaint , &c. be defective or not , and thereof Reference made to any of the Bench , for the examination thereof , and report to be made to the Court. West Symbol . part . 2. tit . Chancery , sect . 29. There is no such words to be found in the Author , and place cited ; nor is it probable so learned a Writer , as West , could be guilty of so erroneous an Interpretation of this common word , Demurrer in Chancery . Donative , Is a business meerly given and collated by the Patron , to a Man — So , if it be given to a Man to be a Plagiary , that is a Donative from his Ingenuity . Dum non fuit compos mentis , Is a Writ that lieth for him , that not being of sound memory , did Alien any Lands or Tenements in Fee-simple , Fee tail , for term of life , or for years , against the Aliens . F.N.B. fol. 202. Can it be imagined , that the learned Fitz-Herbert would be guilty of such an absurd Explication ? Enquest — The Jury findeth the fact thus , then is the Law thus ; and so we judge for the Enquest in Criminal Causes . See Jury — The learned will see he writes thus , then is the Law thus , That they will judge him a blind Interpreter . Farding or Farthing of Gold , Seemeth to be a Coyn used in ancient times , containing in value the fourth part of a Noble , viz. Twenty pence in Silver , and in weight the sixth part of an ounce of Gold , that is , of Five shillings in Silver , which is Three pence and somewhat more . — Our Author is very unfortunate in his Additionals , for these contradictory words ( which is Three pence and somewhat more ) are superadded to what the Law Dictionary says . Ferture , The Shooing of Horses . See Bouch of Court. In Bouche of Court there is nothing at all of Ferrure ; for our Author curtailed my Citation , not regarding this Reference . Filicetum , A bracky ground , Ubi salices crescunt . See Domesday . Filicetum or Filictum , Is a Ferny ground , so says my Lord Coke , 1 Inst. fol. 4. b. I suspect it not to be found in Domesday . Foreigne , Forinsecus , may be derived of the French word Exterus , and in Law is used — The French word ( Forain ) may as well be a Latine word , as Exterus French. Fortlet , Cometh near the French Fortlet — Yes , as near as Four pence to a Groat ; but the French word is Fortelet . Frank-pledge , Franciplegium , Is a Compound irregular of two Languages — It is irregularly said ; for the words are both French. Frustrum Terrae — Domesday , tit . Haritisc . Rex Abedestone — I dare affirm there is no such title , as Haritisc . in Domesday . Gaynage — In the Explication of this word , He tells us of Spokeman and Spokemen ; for it seems he did not like the word Sokeman . Gardeine del Esglish , In English Church Wardens , and they may have an Action for the Goods of the Grounds ; and aivers other things they may do — I would have our Author or do any thing hereafter , rather then interpret hard words . Gleabland — The quhilke suld be free fra payment of any Feinds . Skene . This should be Teinds , a Scotish word signifying Taxes . Instead of which , our Author brings in Feinds ( God bless us ) or Evil Spirits . Hankwite — Of the Saxon words Haginan , Pendere , and Wite , mulcta — ▪ By some it hath been interpreted Mulcta pro homine injusti suspenso — There is no such Saxon word as Haginan , nor true Latin in the rest . Haratiun : — As in the Law Dictionary . If our Author had been a Master in this kind of Learning , he might in this word have shewed his skill , and my mistake . For Haratium ( from the French Haras ) signifies a race or breed of Horses , which is the onely material error ( besides those of the Printer ) which I have hitherto discovered in my Book . Hereslita — From the Saxon here Exercitus & sliten , to depart — Though this be taken by our Author out of my Lord Cokes 4 Inst . yet it is certainly a mistake ▪ haply of the Printer , there being no such Saxon word as sliten , to depart , but slitan , dissolvere ▪ Herpsac . See Frodmortel . Where there is not a word of Herpsac , for he omitted my citation there , and so Herpsac stands as an insignificant nullo , without interpretation . Hinefare — Si quis occidit hominem & Reges & facit heinfaram , dat Regi xx ▪ Domesday . The Law Dictionary hath it plainly and truly thus , Si quis occidit hominem Regis & facit Heinfaram dat Regi xxs. Hominatio , It may be called Dominatio , Domesday . He may as well call it Somniatio ; for the word in Domesday signifies a mustering of men , what then hath Dominatio to do with it ? Hondpeny , Sint quieti de Chevagio , Hond-peny , &c. But there is a Declaration made , what is intended by it , Ideo quaere . Here he was in the humor of adding somewhat to the word , more then he found in the Law Dictionary ; But still with ill success . He omitted the Author of the Latine , and added the nonsensical English . Hue and Cry — In this word he hath many errors , the French Huier , for Huer — Flagiture for Flugitare — Oyer for Oyes ▪ — Men slain secundum legem & consuetudinem Regni , is a pretty position . Ignoramus — It hath a resemblance of that ancient Roman , where the Judges , where they abso●ved a person accused , did write A. i. e. Absolvimus . Supine negligence ! Not to have the care or patience to transcribe truly what lay fair in Print before him ▪ viz. It hath a resemblance of that ancient custom of the Romans , where the Judges , when they absolved a person accused , did write A — Iustices in Eyre — Were sent but every seven years — But there is a Book entituled Orig. Juridiciales , but of what authority I know not , which says they went oftner — Sure our Author did not consult his own Duty and Reason , when he took the boldness thus to question the Authority of that excellent Book , now a second time Printed ; did he not see in its Front those awful names , Orlando Bridgeman and Matthew Hale subscribed to an Imprimatur ? Names of greatest authority in this kind . Hath he not heard that Mr. Dugdales Works are of such account , That they have often been allowed by the Judges , as good evidence in cases of great moment ? Karle , A Saxon word properly denoting a man , but with any addition , a servant or clown . Hence they are called a Seaman , a Buscarle . Here again our Author thought himself obliged to alter my words , though with the loss of Sence and Syntax . Knights of the Shire — But now Custom allows Esquires to be chosen to this Office , 27 Hen. 6.6 . So that they be resident in the County for the choice of these Knights . The first part is true , the later nonsencical . Kylyw — Perhaps it might signifie any liquid thing , as Scoteale , and such like — Scotale is not a liquid thing , but a meeting at an Alehouse , where every man paid his Scot , for the Ale he drank . He might have said Ale is a liquid thing . Legacy — See a Bequest , we call it a Devise . And there is no Bequest to be seen . Lenna , Lenga , Lennides — Domesday . For Leuva , Leuga , and Leunides . Lupulicetum , A place where Hops grow , mentioned in Domesday . It is not mentioned there ; for we had no Hops in England of some Hundreds of years after Domesday Book was made . Viz. till 15 Hen. 8. according to our Chronicles . But the word is mentioned in 1 Inst. fol. 5. b. Maihim or Mayhem — But the cutting off an Ear or Nose , or such like is no Mayhem — This is otherwise since the Statute of 22 & 23 Car. 2. which was in Print before our Authors Book , though since the Law Dictionary was published . Maiden Rents , Is a Noble paid by every Tenant in the Mannor of Builth in Radnorshire , at the marriage of a Daughter , and was anciently given to them , for his quitting the Custom of Marcheta . If any one would pretend to make sence of this ; to whom shall them and his relate ? Our Author is very unhappy in his alterations . Marle , Marla is a kind of Earth or Mineral , like Chalk , which men cast on their Land — These two words ( like Chalk ) he adds to my Interpretation : when as Marle is as like Chalk , as Chalk is like Cheese . Marlerium , A Marlepit Mr. Dugdale hath an old Deed by him , wherein is mentioned this word — This is a pretty kind of impudence , to make the World believe he is intimately acquainted with Mr. Dugdale , and knows what old Deeds and Charters he has by him ; when as Mr. Dugdale lately told me ( discoursing of our Author ) that he knew him not , nor ever heard of him till then . And in the word Sacrafield Rents he pretends the like familiar acquaintance with a person of quality , utterly unknown to him . Mediterranean , Is any that passeth through the midst of the Earth . Whether he means any thing as Bull , Bear or Horse , I know not . Mile , Miliare , is a quantity of a thousand Acres — This I confess is a Mile of a large size ; perhaps according to the measure in the Isle of Pines . Minstrel , Minstrellus , from the French Menstrel — There is no such French word ; it is Menestrier . In Misfeasans and Mistrial , Cokes Reports are cited for Crokes . Multa or Multura Episcopi , is derived from the Latine word mulcta , for that it was a Fine given to the Kings , that they might have power to make their last Wills and Testaments — 2 Inst , fol. 491. Our Author by miswriting my words , hath made nonsence ; yet boldly cites Cokes Institutes . Nihil or Nichil , Is a word which the Sheriff answers , that is apposed concerning Debts illeviable , and that are nothing worth , by reason of the parties from whom due . See the Law Dictionary on this word , if our Author have not , by his blundering alteration , made it less intelligible at least . Occasiones , Are Assarts , whereof Manhood speaks at large . See Spel. Glossary verbo Essartum . That learned Glossary says the word is in some Authors false written , for Occationes , from Occo , to harrow or break Clods ; but our Author had not time to read him out . Open Law — Imperfection for Imputation . Such smalnesses are frequent with him . Oyer and Terminer — A Commission of Oyer and Terminer is the first and largest . Thus it ends abruptly , leaving out two or three lines , which should make it sence . viz. Of the Five Commissions , by which our Judges of Assise do sit in their several Circuits . Pais , A Countrey or Region , which Spelman in his Glossary saith , Non intelligendum est de quovis populo . Here the Learned Spelman is false quoted , for he speaks not these words of Pais , but of Trial per Pais , which our Author omitted , as being obliged to make alterations . Pannage or Pawnage — Is most properly taken for the Woods within the Forest — Which ought to be , For the Mast of the Woods — Pax Ecclesiae , Is said , when all the Priviledges and Immunities of the Church , her Servants and Ministers . Vide Leg. Edw. Conf. cap. 8. Here he pretends to translate my Citation , being the very words of King Edwards Law , and makes this nonsence of it . In Pedage and Peers , he cites Baldus in veribus Feudorum , and Bartilayus de regno . There is no such Book as the first , nor any such Author as the last . Pervise non ad tyrocinia juris , quas motas volant , exercenda , says Spelman . Another false quotation , for vocant . Poleine , was a sort of shooe — not utterly laid aside till the Reign of Hen. 8. in which time they were increased to that excessive length , that in Rich. 2. time , they were tied up to the knees with Gold or Silver Chains . And forbidden by Edw. 4. under great penalty . Does our Author think , Rich. 2. succeeded Hen. 8. which his words seem cleerly to intimate . Possession — If the Lord purchase the tenancy held by Heriot-service , then the Heriot is extinct by verity of possession . — We 'l suppose he intended to say unity . Proporcitas , Skene de verbo signif . Latines it Proportio Assisae . — Skene calls it Proportatio Assisa — in his de verborum significatione , not verbo signif . as our Author often mistakes it . Pudhepec , — But the Learned Spelman thinks it is miswritten , for the Sax. puchepec , i. e. wudhepec . This Saxon is Rudhewec , as here written , Spelman writes it better , I le secure you ; but our Author has very ill luck in transcribing , even from fair printed Books ; and it seems understands not the Saxon Characters . The Law Dictionary begins the Letter Q. with Quadragesima Sunday ; but our Author was not willing to begin so , lest it should look too much like alter-idem , Therefore prepones Quadrans and Quadranta terrae ; and so poor Quadragesima has lost his due place in the Alphabes ; but ( Quack had he thought on 't ) would have done his work better , and been as able a Law-word as Quadrans . Quietantia Assisarum super Assisam — Quod non ponantur in Assisis , jurat nec magis Assisis — For Juratis nec magnis Assisis . Realty , — Sometimes it is taken for Royalty . Never ; for they are two different words . Recordare facias — It seems to be called a Recordare , because the form that it commands the Sheriff to whom it is directed to make a Record — Of our Authors mistakes . Renegeld — infra hundred de Maulestria . There is not such a Hundred in all England . Rescyte — As if Tenant for years brings , he in Reversion comes in and prays to be received — The Tenant it seems may bring what he will. Rogus — Constabulario Castri de Divis & Custodi Forestae de Cippeham — I see our Author , by his writing it , does not understand this Divis which should be Divisis or Divis . with a Period , for the Divizes in Wiltshire . Scandalum magnatum , — And hath given name , to wit , granted to recover damage thereupon . Then it seems to give name is to grant . Scyre-gemot — In this word Seldens Titles of Honor is misquoted . — Sea-rover , See Privateer . Anno 16. Car. 2. cap 6. Quere if not the same with Pyrate . You must know all this , except the Learned Quaere , is in the Law Dict. where Privateer was misprinted for pirate ; but our Author neither makes Errata's to his own Works , nor reads others . Selda , — ▪ In the conclusion he adds to what the Law-Dict . saith , thus — Selda also in Doomsday signifies a Wood of Sallows , Willows , and Withyes . Which addition had been better omitted , the word being no where used in Domesday for a wood of any kind , as I confidently believe , and our Author cites no place . Serjeanty , Serjeantia , signifies in Law a Service that cannot be due from any Lord to his Tenant , but to the King only . This is a new Service due from a Lord to his Tenant . Severance , Is the singling or serving of two or more that are joyned in one Writ — here Severance is Permittance . Nor is this any better sence . Soke , — Clamat cognitionem Placitorum — infra suum 40 s. — Suum for Summam . Solidata terre , — Breve Regis Johannis vicecomitatus Angliae . — This Vicecomitatus for Vicecomitibus , was an Errata in the Law-Dict . and noted at the end of the Book ; but out Author did not design to correct , but augment Errors . Sullings , In Domesday Book , according to Mr. Agars interpretation , are taken for Alders . I have so great a respect for Mr. Agar , that I am not satisfied this Interpretation is his ; no question but it is the same with Swolings , i. e. Carucatae , Plough-Lands . Team — With their Childrens Goods and Chattels in his Court — So it is in the Law Dictionary , but in the Errata , he might have seen it thus corrected , With their Children , Goods , and Chattels . Tenure — What may make a Tenure , and what not . See Perkins Revelations 70. Perkins , the Learned Lawyer , had no Revelations , that I ever heard of . Theft — Theft from the Prison , or in presence of the owner , is properly called Robbery . Prison for Person , makes a wide difference . Thwertnick — Absque alieno capiendo pro executione facienda — For absque aliquo — Tolsester — Though this Word lay fair before him in the Law Dictionary , yet he hath committed three Errors in transcribing six lines . Trial — He concludes with Pat. 3 R. Joh. m. 3. In fidelitate Leulini . Omitting what follows in the Law Dictionary , and is most to the purpose , viz. In fidelitate Leulini statuitur de triatione differentiarum dicti Leulini , &c. Tylwith — Familia , tribus — Doctor Davy's Welsh Dictionary , from whence he had this word , would have furnished him many more , as able Law-words as this . Vassal — Skene verbo Lignantia saith — Skene hath no such word in his Book , as Lignantia . Verdetor , Vindarius — Is a Judicial Officer of the Kings Forest — Both the words mistaken , for Verderer , Viridarius . Vi laica removenda — Vntil the Bishop of the Plea , where such Church is , hath certified . Any one may certifie this to be nonsence . Villaine — Our Villains Regardant to Mannors were Glebae Abscriptitii , tied to Turk — What had our Villains to do with the Turk ? Walkers — There are Foresters , assigned by the King , who are Walkers within a certain space of Ground to their care . Somewhat omitted to make it sence . Warscot — Immunis liberi & quieti — For Immunes , liberi & quieti — Westminster — Epist . ejus ad diu Edwardum — For divum . The word in mine is abbreviated thus ad Div. Edw. which our Author it seems did not understand . IF our Author have any further occasion to make use of the Law Dictionary he may take notice of these Additional Errata's . In Chron. Table of Hen. 8. for 1059. read 1509. In Gleab , read vel terra — dele a. In Gildable , for aliqui read aliorum qui. In Grossome , for Titles read Tiles . In Hatratium , read from the Fr. Haras , a Race of Horses and ●ares kept for breed . In Honor , for Mardstone read Maidstone . In Kings Swanherd read Cignorum . In Miskening , for Mistzeninge read Miskening . In Prepensed — dele yet . In Stoc , read Malefactor pro — In Tassum , read duobus Tassis . In Tolt , for Juris read Curiae — In Wardwite , read Castro — In Xenia , read omnia — FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A28472-e190 * In his Etymologicon Linguae Angl. 
A44391	----	The petty-schoole Shewing a way to teach little children to read English with delight and profit, (especially) according to the new primar. By C. H. Hoole, Charles, 1610-1667. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A44391 of text R216415 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing H2688A). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 50 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 23 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A44391 Wing H2688A ESTC R216415 99828146 99828146 32573 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A44391) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 32573) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1926:15) The petty-schoole Shewing a way to teach little children to read English with delight and profit, (especially) according to the new primar. By C. H. Hoole, Charles, 1610-1667. [2], 41, [3] p. printed by J.T. for Andrew Crook, at the Green Dragon in Pauls Church Yard, London : 1659. C.H. = Charles Hoole; attribution from Wing. Last leaf blank. Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library. eng Reading (Primary) -- England -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Orthography and spelling -- Early works to 1800. Education, Primary -- England -- Early works to 1800. Education -- Early works to 1800. A44391 R216415 (Wing H2688A). civilwar no The petty-schoole. Shewing a way to teach little children to read English with delight and profit, (especially) according to the new primar. Hoole, Charles 1659 9472 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 B The rate of 4 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the B category of texts with fewer than 10 defects per 10,000 words. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-05 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2006-05 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Petty Schoole . SHEWING A way to teach little Children to read English with delight and profit , ( especially ) according to the New Primar . By C. H. LONDON , Printed by J. T. for Andrew Crook , at the Green Dragon in Pauls Church Yard , 1659. THE Petty Schoole . CHAP. I. How a childe may be helped in the first pronounciation of his Letters . MY aim being to discover the old Art of teaching Schoole , and how it may be improved in every part suteable to the years and capacities of such children as are now commonly taught ; I shall first begin my discourse concerning a petty-Schoole , & here or else where I shall not busie my self or Reader about what a childe of an extraordinary towardliness , and having a teacher at home , may attain unto , and in how short a space , but onely shew how a multitude of various wits may be taught all together with abundance of profit and delight to every one , wch is the proper and main work of our ordinary Schooles . Whereas then , it is usual in Cities and greater Towns to put children to Schoole about four or five years of age , and in Country villages , because of further distance , not till about six or seven ; I conceive , The sooner a child is put to School , the better it is , both to prevent ill habits , which are got by play and idleness , and to enure him betimes to affect learning and well doing . Not to say , how the great uncertainty of parents lives , should make them careful of their Childrens early education , which is like to be the best part of their patrimony , what ever good thing else they may leave them in this World . I observe that betwixt three and four years of age a childe hath great propensity to peep into a book , and then is the most seasonable time ( if conveniences may be had otherwise ) for him to begin to learn ; and though perhaps then he cannot speak so very distinctly , yet the often pronounciation of his letters , will be a means to help his speech , especially if one take notice in what organ or instrument he is most defective , and exercise him chiefly in those letters which belong unto it . Now there are five organs or instruments of speech , in the right hitting of which , as the breath moveth from within , through the mouth , a true pronunciation of every letter is made , viz. the lips , the teeth , the tongue , the roof of the mouth , and the throat ; According to which if one rank the twenty four letters of our English Alphabet , he shall find that A , E , I , O , V , proceed by degrees from the throat , along betwixt the tongue and the roof of the mouth to the lips contracted , and that Y is somewhat like I , being pronounced with other letters , but if it be named by it self , it requireth some motion of the lips . B , F , M , P , W , and V consonant , belong to the lips . C , S , X , Z , to the teeth . D , L , N , T , R , to the tongue . B , H , K , Q , to the roof of the mouth . But the sweet and natural pronunciation of them is gotten rather by imitation then precept , and therefore the teacher must be careful to give every letter its distinct and clear sound , that the childe may get it from his voice , and be sure to make the child open his mouth well as he uttereth a letter , lest otherwise he drown or hinder the sound of it . For I have heard some foreiners to blame us English-men for neglecting this mean to a plain and audible speaking , saying , that the cause , why we generally do not speak so fully as they , proceeded from an ill habit of mumbling , which children got at their first learning to read ; which it was their care ; therfore to prevent or remedy betimes , and so it should be ours , seeing Pronounciation is that that sets out a man , and is sufficient of it self to make one an Oratour . Chap. II. How a childe may be taught with delight to know all his letters in a very little time . THe usual way to begin with a child , when he is first brought to Schoole , is to teach him to know his letters in the Horn-book , where he is made to run over all the letters in the Alphabet or Christ-cross-row both forwards & backwards , until he can tel any one of them , which is pointed at , and that in the English character . This course we see hath been very effectual in a short time , with some more ripe witted children , but othres of a slower apprehension ( as the most and best commonly are ) have been thus learning a whole year together , ( and though they have been much chid and beaten too for want of heed ) could scarce tell six of their letters at twelve moneths end , who , if they had been taught in a way more agreeable to their meane apprehensions ( wch might have wrought more readily upon the senses , and affected their mindes with what they did ) would doubtlesse have learned as cheerfully , if not as fast as the quickest . I shall therefore mention sundry ways that have been taken to make a childe know his letters readily , out of which the discreet Teacher may chuse what is most likely to suit with his Learner . I have known some that ( according to Mr. Brinsl●y's direction ) have taught little ones to pronounce all the letters , and to spell pretty well , before they knew one letter in a book ; and this they did , by making the childe to sound the five vowels a , e , i , o , u , like so many bells upon his fingers ends , and to say which finger was such or such a vowel , by changes . 2 Then putting single consonants before the vowels , [ leaving the hardest of them till the last ] and teaching him how to utter them both at once , as va , ve , vi , vo , vu , da , de , di , do , du . 3. and again , by putting the vowels before a consonant to make him say , as , es , is , os , us , ad , ed , id , od , ud . Thus ; they have proceeded from syllables of two or three , or more letters , till a child hath been pretty nimble in the most . But this is rather to be done in a private house , then a publick Schoole ; how ever this manner of exercise now and then amongst little Scholars will make their lessons more familiar to them . The greatest trouble at the first entrance of children is to teach them how to know their letters one from another , when they see them in the book altogether ; for the greatnesse of their number and variety of shape do puzle young wits to difference them , and the sence can but be intent upon one single object at once , so as to take its impression , and commit it to the imagination and memory . Some have therefore begun but with one single letter , and after they have shewed it to the childe in the Alphabet , have made him to finde the same anywhere else in the book , till he knew that perfectly ; and then they have proceeded to another in like manner , and so gone through the rest . Some have contrived a piece of ivory with twenty four flats or squares , in every one of which was engraven a several letter , and by playing with a childe in throwing this upon a table , and shewing him the letter onely which lay uppermost , have in few dayes taught him the whole Alphabet . Some have got twenty four pieces of ivory cut in the shape of dice , with a letter engraven upon each of them , and with these they have played at vacant hours with a childe , till he hath known them all distinctly . They begin first with one , then with two , afterwards with more letters at once , as the childe got knowledge of them . To teach him likewise to spell , they would place consonants before or after a vowel , and then joyn more letters together so as to make a word , and sometimes divide it into syllables , to be parted or put together ; now this kind of letter sport may be profitably permitted among you beginers in a School & in stead of ivory , they may have white bits of wood , or small shreads of paper or past-board , or parchment with a letter writ upon each to play withall amongst themselves . Some have made pictures in a little book or upon a scroll of paper wrapt upon two sticks within a box of iceing-glass , and by each picture have made three sorts of that letter , with which its name beginneth ; but those being too many at once for a childe to take notice on , have proved not so useful as was intended . Some likewise have had pictures and letters printed in this manner on the back side of a pack of cards , to entice children , that naturally love that sport , to the love of learning their books . Some have writ a letter in a great character upon a card , or chalked it out upon a trencher , and by telling a child what it was , and letting him strive to make the like , have imprinted it quickly in his memory , and so the rest one after another . One having a Son of two years and a half old , that could but even go about the house , and utter some few gibberish words in a broken manner ; observing him one day above the rest to be busied about shells , and sticks , and such like toys , which himself had laid together in a chair , and to misse any one that was taken from him , he saw not how , and to seek for it about the house ; became very desireous to make experiment what that childe might presently attain to in point of learning ; Thereupon he devised a little wheel , with all the Capital Romane letters made upon a paper to wrap round about it , and fitted it to turn in little a round box , which had a hole so made in the side of it , that onely one letter might be seen to peep out at once ; This he brought to the childe , & showed him onely the letter O , and told him what it was ; The childe being overjoyed with his new gamball , catcheth the box out of his Fathers hand , and run's with it to his playfellow a year younger then himself , and in his broken language tell's him there was an O , an O ; And when the other asked him where , he said , in a hole , in a hole , and shewed it him ; which the lesser childe then took such notice of , as to know it againe ever after from all the other letters . And thus by playing with the box , and enquiring concerning any letter that appeared strange to him , what it was , the childe learnt all the letters of the Alphabet in eleven dayes , being in this Character A B ▪ C , and would take pleasure to shew them in any book to any of his acquaintance that came next . By this instance you may see what a propensity there is in nature betimes to learning , could but the Teachers apply themselves to their young Scholars tenuity ; and how by proceeding in a cleare & facil method , that all may apprehend , every one may benefit more or less by degrees . According to these contrivances to forward children , I have published a New Prim●r ; in the first leafe , whereof I have set the Roman Capitalls ( because that Character is now most in use , & those letters the most easie to be learn't ) and have joyned therewith the pictures or images of some things whose names begins with that letter , by which a childs memory may be helped to remember how to call his letters ; as A , for an Ape , B. for a Bear , &c. This Hieroglyphicall devise doth so affect Children ( who are generally forward to communicate what they know ) that I have observed them to teach others , that could not so readily learn , to know all the letters in a few houres space , by asking them , what stands A. for ? and so concerning other letters backwards and forwards , or as they best liked . Thus when a childe hath got the names of his letters , & their several shapes withall in a playing manner , he may be easily taught to distinguish them in the following leaf , which containeth first the greater , and then the smaller Roman Characters , to be learned by five at once or more , as the childe is able to remember them ; other Characters I would have forborn , till one be well acquainted with these , because so much variety at the first doth but amaze young wits , and our English characters , ( for the most part ) are very obscure , & more hard to be imprinted in the memory . And thus much for the learning to know letters ; we shall next ( and according to Order in Teaching ) proceed to an easie way of distinct spelling . Chap III. How to teach a childe to spell distinctly . THe common way of teaching a childe to spell , is , after he know's the letters in his Alphabet , to initiate him in those few syllables , which consist of one vowell before a consonant , as , ab , eb , ib , ob ub , &c. or of one vowel after a consonant , as , ba , be , bi , bo , bu , &c. in the Horn-book , & thence to proceed with him by little and little to the bottom of the book , hereing him twice or thrice over till he can say his lesson , and then putting him to a new one . In which course I have known some more apt children to have profited prety well , but scarce one often , when they have gone thorow the book , to be able to spell a word that is not in it ; And some have been certaine years daily exercised in saying lessons therein , who after much endeavour spent , have been accounted meer block-heads , and rejected alltogether as uncapable to learn any thing ; whereas some Teachers that have assayed a more familiar way , have professed , that they have not met with any such thing as a Dunse amid a great multitude of little Schollars . Indeed it is Tullies observation of old , and Erasmus his assertion of latter years , that it is as natural for a childe to learn , as it is for a beast to go , a bird to fly , or a fish to swim , and I verily beleeve it , for the nature of man is restlessely desirous to know things , and were discouragements taken out of the way , and meet helps afforded young learners , they would doubtless go on with a great deal more cherefulness , and make more proficiency at their books then usually they do ; And could the Master have the discretion to make their lessions familiar to them , children would as much delight in being busied about them , as in any other sport , if too long continuance at them might not make them tedious . Amongst those that have gone a readier way to reading , I shall onely mention Mr. Roe , and Mr. Robinson , the latter of whom I have known to have taught little children not much above four years old to read distinctly in the Bible , in six weekes time , or under ; their books are to be had in print , but every one hath not the art to use them . And Mr. Cootes English-School-Master seem's rather to be fitted for one that is a Master indeed , then for a Scholar . Besides the way then which is usuall , you may ( if you think good ) make use of that which I have set down in the new Primar to help little ones to spell readily , and it is this . 1. Let a childe be well acquainted with his vowells , and made to pronounce them fully by themselves , because they are able to make a perfect sound alone . 2. Teach him to give the true valour or force of the consonants , and to take notice how imperfectly they sound , except a vowel be joyned with them . Both these are set apart by themselves . ( p. 2. ) 3. Proceed to syllables made of one consonant set before a vowel ( Sect , 5. ) and let him joyne the true force of the consonant with the perfect sound of the vowel , as to say , ba , be , bi , bo , bu , &c. Yet it were good to leave ca , ce , ci , co , cu , and ga , ge , gi , go , gu , to the last , because the valor of the consonant in the second and third sylables doth differ from that in the rest . 4. Then exercise him in syllables made of one vowel set before one consonant , ( Sect. 6. ) as to say , ab , eb , ib , ob , ub , &c. till he can spell any syllable of two letters , backwards or forwards , as , ba , be ; bi , bo , bu ; ab , eb , ib , ob , ub ; ba , ab ; be , eb ; bi , ib ; bo , ob ; bu , ub ; and so in all the rest comparing one with another . 5. And if to any one of these syllables you adde a letter , and teach him how to joyne it in sound with the rest , you will make him more ready in spelling ; as , if before a b you put b , and teach him to say bab ; if after ba , you put d , and let him pronounce it bad , he will quickly be able to joyne a letter with any of the rest , as , nip , pin , but , tub , &c. To enure your young-Scholar to any , even the hardest syllable , in an easie way . 1. Practise him in the joyning of consonants that begin syllables , ( Sect. 7. ) so as that he may give their joynt forces at once ; thus , Having shewed him to sound bl or br together , make him to pronounce them , and a vowel with them , bla , bra , ble , bre , and so in any of the rest . 2. Then practise him likewise in consonants that end syllables , ( Sect. 8. ) make him first to give the force of the joyned consonants , and then to put the vowels before them ; as , ble with the vowels before them sound able , eble , ible , oble , uble , to all which you may prefix other consonants and change them into words of one syllable , as , fable , peble , bible , noble , bubble : ( with a b inserted or the like . Where observe that e in the end of many words , being silent , doth qualifie the sound of the foregoing vowel , so as to make words different from those that have not e ; as , you may see made , differeth quite from mad , bete from bet , pipe from pip , sope from sop , and cube from cub . Whereby I think them in an error , that leave out e in the end of words , and them that in pronouncing it make two syllables of one , in stable , bible , people , &c. which judicious Mr. Mulcaster will not allow . In this exercise of spelling you may do well sometimes to make all the young beginners stand together , and pose them one by one in all sorts of syllables , till they be perfect in any ; and , to make them delight herein , 1. Let them spell many syllables together which differ onely in one letter ; as , and , band , hand , land , sand . 2. Teach them to frame any word of one syllable , by joyning any of the consonants which go before vowels , with those that use to follow vowels , and putting in vowels betwixt them ; as , black , block ; clack , clock . And this they may do afterwards amongst themselves , having severall loose letters made and given them , to compose or divide in a sporting manner , which I may rightly terme the Letter-sport . When a childe is become expert in joyning Consonants with the vowels , then take him to the Diphthongs ( Sect. 9. ) and there , 1. Teach him the naturall force of a Diphthong ( which consists of two vowels joyned together ) and make him to sound it distinctly by it self ; as , ai , ei , &c. 2. Let him see how it is joyned with other letters , and learne to give its pronountiation together with them , minding him how the same Diphthong differs from its self sometimes in its sound , and which of the two vowels in it hath the greatest power in pronouncation , as , in people e seemeth to drown the o. And besides those words in the Book , you may adde others of your own , till by many examples the childe do well apprehend your meaning , and so , as that he can boldly adventure to imitate you , and practise of himself . Thus after a childe is throughly exercised in the true sounding of the vowels and consonants together , let him proceed to the spelling of words , first of one syllable ( Sect. 10. ) then of two ( Sect. 11. ) then of three ( Sect. 12. ) then of four ( Sect. 13. ) in all which let him be taught how to utter every syllable by it self truly and fully , and be sure to speak out the last . But in words of more syllables , let him learn to joyne and part them according to these profitable rules . 1. An English syllable may sometimes consist of eight letters , but never of more , as , strength . 2 In words that have many syllables , the consonant between two vowels belongeth to the latter of them ; as , Hu-mi-li-tie . 3. Consonants which are joyned in the beginning of words , are not to be parted in the middle of them ; as , My-ste-ry . 4. Consonants which are not joyned in the beginning of words , are to be parted in the middle of them ; as , for-get-ful-ness . 5. If a consonant be doubled in the middle of a word , the first belong's to the syllable foregoing , and the latter to the following ; as , pos-ses-si-on . 6. In compound words , every part which belongeth to the single words , must be set by it self ; as , In-a-bi-li-ty . And these rules have I here set down rather to informe the less skilful teacher , how he is to guide his learner , then to puzle a childe about them , who is not yet so well able to comprehend them . I have also divided those words in the Book , to let Children see how they ought to divide other polysyllable words , in which they must alwayes be very carefull ( as I said ) to sound out the last syllable very fully . To enable a child the better to pronounce any word he meets withall in reading , I have set down some more hard for pronuntiation ; ( Sect. 14 ▪ ) in often reading over which he may be exercised to help his utterance ; and the Master may adde more at his own discretion , till he see that his willing Scholar doth not stick in spelling any , be it never so hard . And that the child may not be amused with any thing in his book , when he cometh to read , I would have him made acquainted with the pauses , ( Sect. 15. ) with the figures , ( Sect. 16. ) numerall letters , ( Sect. 17. ) Quotations ( Sect. 18. ) and Abbreviations Sect. 19 ) which being but a work of few houres space , may easily be performed after he can readily spell , which when he can do , he may profitably be put to reading , but not before ; for I observed it a great defect in some of Mr. R. Scholars , ( whose way was to teach to read presently without any spelling at all ) that when they were at a losse about a word , they made an imperfect confused sound , in giving the force of the consonants , which if they once missed they knew not which way to help themselves , to find what the word was , whereas if after a childe know his letters , he be taught to gather them into just syllables , and by the joyning of syllables together to frame a word , ( which as it is the most antient , so certainely it is the most naturall method of teaching ) he will soon be able , if he stick at any word in reading , by the naming of its letters , and pronouncing of its syllables to say what it is , and then he may boldly venture to read without spelling at all , touching the gaining of a habit whereof , I shall proceed to say somewhat in the next chapter . Chap. IIII. How a child may be taught to read any English Book perfectly . THe ordinary way to teach children to read is , after they have got some knowledge of their letters , & a smattering of some syllables and words in the horn-book , to turn them into the ABC . or Primar , and therein to make them name the letters , and spell the words , till by often use they can pronounce ( at least ) the shortest words at the first sight . This method take's with those of prompter wits , but many of more slow capacities , not finding any thing to affect them , and so make them heed what they learne , go on remissely from lesson to lesson , and are not much more able to read , when they have ended their book , then when they begun it . Besides , the ABC . being now ( I may say ) generally thrown aside , and the ordinary Primar not printed , and the very fundamentalls of christian Religion ( which were wont to be contained in those books , and were commonly taught children at home by heart before they went to Schoole ) with sundry people ( almost in all places ) slighted , the matter which is taught in most books now in use , is not so familiar to them , and therefore not so easie for Children to learn . But to hold still to the sure foundation , I have caused the Lords Prayer ( Sect. 20. ) the Creed ( Sect. 21. ) and the ten Commandements ( Sect. 23. ) to be printed in the Roman character , that a childe having learned already to know his letters and how to spell , may also be initiated to read by them , which he will do the more cheerfully , if he be also instructed at home to say them by heart . As he read's these , I would have a childe name what words he can at the first sight , and what he cannot , to spell them , and to take notice what pauses and numbers are in his lesson . And to go them often over , till he can tell any tittle in them , either in or without the book . When he is thus well entered in the Roman character , I would have him made acquainted with the rest of the characters now in use ( Sect. 23. ) which will be easily done , by comparing one with another , and reading over those sentences , Psalms , Thankesgivings , and Prayers ( which are printed in greater and lesse characters of sundry sorts ) till he have them pretty well by heart . Thus having all things which concerne reading English made familar to him , he may attaine to a perfect habit of it . 1. By reading the single Psalter . 2. The Psalmes in meeter . 3. The Schoole of good manners , or such like easie books , which may both profit and delight him . All which I would wish he may read over at lest thrice , to make the matter , as well as the words , leave an impression upon his mind . If anywhere he stick at any word ( as seeming too hard ) let him marke it with a pin , or the dint of his nayle , and by looking upon it againe , he will remember it . When he can read any whit readily , let him begin the Bible , and read over the book of Genesis , ( and other remarkable Histories in other places of Scripture , which are most likely to delight him ) by a chapter at a time ; But acquaint him a little with the matter beforehand , for that will intice him to read it , and make him more observant of what he read's . After he hath read , aske him such generall Questions out of the Story , as are most easie for him to answer , and he will the better remember it . I have known some , that by hiring a child to read two or three chapters a day , and to get so many verses of it by heart , have made them admirable proficients , and that betimes , in the Scriptures ; which was Timothies excellency , and his Grand-mothers great commendation . Let him now take liberty to exercise himself in any English book ( so the matter of it be but honest ) till he can perfectly read in any place of a book that is offered him ; and when he can do this , I adjudge him fit to enter into a Grammar Schoole , but not before . For thus learning to read English perfectly , I allow two or three years time , so that at seven or eight years of age , a child may begin Latine . CHAP. V. Wherein children , for whom the Latine tongue is thought to be unnecessary , are to be employed after they can read English well . IT is a fond conceit of many , that have either not attained , or by their own negligence have utterly lost the use of the Latine Tongue , to think it altogether unnecessary for such children to learn it , as are intended for Trades , or to be kept as drudges at home , or employed about husbandry . For first there are few children , but ( in their playing-years , and before they can be capable of any serious employment in the meanest calling that is ) may be so far grounded in the Latine , as to finde that little smattering they have of it , to be of singular use to them , both for the understanding of the English Authors ( which abound now a dayes with borrowed words ) and the holding discourse with a sort of men that delight to flant it in Latine . Secondly , Besides I have heard it spoken to the great commendation of some Countries , where care is had for the well education of children , that every Peasant ( almost ) is able to discourse with a stranger in the Latine tongue ; and why may not we here in England obtain the like praise , if we did but as they , continue our children at the Latine Schoole , till they be well acquainted with that language , and thereby better fitted for any calling . Thirdly , And I am sorry to adde , that the non-improvement of childrens time after they can read English any whit well , throweth open a gap to all loose kinde of behaviour ; for being then ( as it is too commonly to be seen , especially with the poorer sort ) taken from the Schoole , and permitted to run wildeing up and down without any control , they adventure to commit all manner of lewdnesse , and so become a shame and dishonour to their Friends and Countrey . If these or the like reasons therefore might prevail to perswade them that have a prejudice against Latine , I would advise that all children might be put to the Grammar-Schoole , so soon as they can read English well ; and suffered to continue at it , till some honest calling invite them thence ; but if not , I would wish them rather to forbear it , then to become there an hinderance to others , whose work it is to learn that profitable Language . And that they may not squander away their time in idleness , it were good if they were put to a Writing-Schoole , where they might be , First helped to keep their English , by reading of a chapter ( at least ) once a day ; and second . taught to write a fair hand ; and thirdly afterwards exercised in Arithmatique , and such preparative Arts , as may make them compleatly fit to undergoe any ordinary calling . And being thus trained up in a way of discipline , they will afterwards prove more easily plyable to their Masters commands . Now , forasmuch as few Grammar-Schooles of note will admit children into them , till they have learn't their Accidents ; the teaching of that book , also becometh for the most part a work for a Petty-Schoole , where many that undertake to teach it , being altogether ignorant of the Latine Tongue , do sorrily performe that taske , and spend a great deal of time about it to little or no purpose . I would have that book , therefore by such let alone , and left to the Grammar-School , as most fitting to be taught there onely , because it is intended as an introduction of Grammar , to guide children in a way of reading , writing , and speaking Latine , and the Teachers of the Grammar-Art are most deeply concerned to make use of it for that end . And in stead of the Accidents , which they do neither understand nor profit by , they may be benefitted in reading Orthodoxal Catechismes and other Books , that may instruct them in the Duties of a Christian , such as are The Practise of Piety , The Practise of Quietnesse , The whole duty of Man ; and afterwards in other delightful books of English History ; as , The History of Queen Elizabeth ; or Poetry , as Herberts Poems , Quarl's Emblems ; and by this means they will gain such a habit and delight in reading , as to make it their chief recreation , when liberty is afforded them . And their acquaintance with good books will ( by Gods blessing ) be a means so to sweeten their ( otherwise sowr ) natures , that they may live comfortably towards themselves , and amiably converse with other persons . Yet if the Teacher of a Petty-Schoole have a pretty understanding of the Latine Tongue , he may the better adventure to teach the Accidents , and proceed in so doing with far more ease and profit to himself and learner , if he observe a sure method of grounding his children in the Rudiments of Grammar , and preparing them to speak and write familiar Latine , which I shall hereafter discover , having first set down somewhat how to remedy that defect in reading English , with which the Grammar-Schooles are very much troubled , especially , where there is not a good Petty-Schoole to discharge that work afore-hand . And before I proceed further , I will expresse my minde in the two next chapters touching the erecting of a Petty-Schoole , and how it may probably flourish by good Order and Discipline . CHAP. VI . Of the founding of a Petty-Schoole . THe Petty-Schoole is the place where indeed the first Principles of all Religion and learning ought to be taught , and therefore rather deserveth that more encouragement should be given to the Teachers of it , then that it should be left as a work for poor women , or others , whose necessities compel them to undertake it , as a meer shelter from beggery . Out of this consideration it is ( perhaps ) that some nobler spirits , whom God hath enriched with an over-plus of outward means , have in some places whereunto they have been by birth ( or otherwise ) related , erected Petty-Schoole-houses , and endowed them with yearly salaries ; but those are so inconsiderate towards the maintenance of a Master and his familie , or so over-cloyed with a number of Free-Scholars , to be taught for nothing , that few men of parts will daigne to accept of them , or continue at them for any while ; and for this cause I have observed such weak foundations to fall to nothing . Yet if any one be desireous to contribute towards such an eminent work of charity , my advice is , that he erect a Schoole and dwelling house together , about the middle of a Market-Town , or some populous Country-Village , and acomodate it with a safe yard adjoyning to it , if not with an Orchard or Garden , and that he endow it with a salery of ( at least ) twenty pounds per annum , in consideration whereof all such poor boyes as can conveniently frequent it , may be taught gratis , but the more able sort of neighbours may pay for childrens teaching , as if the Schoole was not free ; for they will find it no small advantage to have such a Schoole amongst them . Such a yearly stipend and convenient dwelling , with a liberty to take young children to board , and to make what advantage he can best by other Scholars , will invite a man of good parts to undertake the charge , and excite him to the diligent and constant performance of his duty ; especially , if he be chosen into the place by three or four honest and discreet Trustees , that may have power also to remove him thence , if by his uncivil behaviour , or grose neglect he render himself uncapable to perform so necessary a service to the Church and Common-Wealth . As for the Qualifications of one that is to be the Teacher of a Petty-Schoole , I would have him to be a Person of a pious , sober , comely and discreet behaviour , and tenderly affectionate towards children , haveing some knowledge of the Latine Tongue , and abilitie to write a fair hand , and good skil in Arithmetick , and then let him move within the compasse of his own orb , so as to teach all his Scholars ( as they become capable ) to read English very well , and afterwards to write and cast accounts . And let him not meddle at all with teaching the Accidents , except onely to some more pregnant wits , which are intended to be set forwards to learn Latine , and for such be sure that he ground them well , or else dismisse them as soon as they can read distinctly , and write legibly , to the Grammar School . I should here have closed my discourse ; and shut up this Petty-Schoole , were it not that I received a model for the maintaining of Students from a worthy friends hands ( & one that is most zealously and charitably addicted to advance Learning , and to help it in its very beginnings to come forwards to its full Rise ) by which I am encouraged to addresse my remaining words to the Godly-minded Trustees and Subscribers for so good a work , ( especially to those amongst them that know me , and my School-endeavours ) and this I humbly request of them , that as they have happily contrived a Model for the education of Students , and brought it on a suddain to a great degree of perfection , so they would also put to their hands for the improvement of Schoole-learning , without which such choise abilities as they aim at in order to the Ministry cannot possibly be obtained . And for the first foundation of such a work , I presume to offer my advise , that in some convenient places , within and about the City , there may be Petty-Schooles erected , according to the number of wards , unto which certain poor children out of every Parish may be sent , and taught gratis , and all others that please to send their children thither may have them taught at a reasonable rate , and be sure to have them improved to the utmost of what they are capable . And I am the rather induced to propound such a thing , because that late eminent , Dr. Bathurst lately deceased , Mr. Gouge and some others yet living did out of their own good affection to learning , endeavour at their own charge to promote the like . CHAP. VII . Of the discipline of a Petty-Schoole . THe sweet and orderly behaviour of Children addeth more credit to a Schoole then due and constant Teaching , because this speaketh to every one that the Childe is well taught , though ( perhaps ) he learn but little ; and good manners indeed are a main part of good education . I shall here therefore take occasion to speak somewhat concerning the Discipline of a Petty-Schoole , leaving the further Discourse of Childrens Manners to Books that treat purposely of that subject : as , Erasmus de moribus , Youths Behaviour , &c. 1. Let every Scholar repair to Schoole before eight a clock in a morning , or in case of weaknesse before nine ; and let him come fairly washed , neatly combed , and hansomly clad , and by commending his cleannesse , and shewing it to his fellowes , make him to take pleasure betimes of himself to go neat and comely in his clothes . 2. Let such as come before Schoole-time take liberty to recreate themselves about the Schoole , yet so as not to be suffered to do any thing , whereby to harm themselves , or Schoole-fellowes , or to give offence , or make disturbance to any neighbour . 3. When Schoole-time calleth , let them all go orderly to their own places , and there apply themselves diligently to their books , without noyse , or running about . 4. When the Master cometh into the Schoole , let them all stand up , and make obeysance so likewise when any stranger cometh in ) and after notice taken who are absent ; let one that is most able read a chapter , and the rest attend , and give some littlt account of what they heard read ; Then let him that read , say a short prayer fitted for the Schoole , and afterwards let every one settle to his present taske . 5. The whole Schoole may not unfitly be divided into four formes ; whereof the first and lowest should be of those that learn to know their letters , whose lessons may be in the Primar . The second of those that learn to spell , whose lessons may be in the Single-Psalter . The third of these that learn to read , whose lessons may be in the Bible . The fourth of those that are exercised in reading , writeing , and casting accounts , whose lessons may be in such profitable Engglish-Books as the Parents can best provide , and the Master think fittest to be taught . 6. Let their lessons be the same to each boy in every form , and let the Master proportion them to the meanest capacities , thus those that are abler may profit themselves by helping their weaker fellowes , and those that are weaker be encouraged to see that they can keep company with the stronger . And let the two highest in every forme give notice to the Master when they come to say , of those that were most negligent in geting the lesson . 7. When they come to say , let them all stand orderly in one or 2 rowes , & whilst one sayeth his lesson , be sure that all the rest look upon their books , and give liberty to him that 's next to correct him that is saying if he mistake , and in case he can say better , let him take his place , and keep it till the same boy or another win it from him . The striveing for places ( especially ) amongst little ones , will whet them all on to more diligence , then any encouragement that can be given them ; and the Master should be very sparing to whip any one for his book , except he be sullenly negligent , and then also I would chuse rather to shame him out of his untowardnesse by commending some of his fellowes , and asking him why he cannot do as well as they , then by falling upon him with rating words , or injurious blowes . A great care also must be had that those children that are slow witted and of a tender spirit , be not any way discouraged , though they cannot make so good performance of their task as the rest of their fellowes . 8 On Mundayes , Wednesdayes and Fridayes they may say two lessons in a forenoon and two in an afternoon ; and on Tuesdayes and Thursdayes in the forenoons they may also say two lessons ; but on Tuesdayes and Thursdayes in the afternoons , and on Saturday mornings I would have the time spent in examineing , and directing how to spell and read a right , and hearing them say the Graces , Prayers , and Psalms , and especially the Lords Prayer , the Creed , and the Ten Commandements ( which are for that purpose set down in the New-Primar ) very perfectly by heart . And those that can these well may proceed to get other Catechisms , but be sure they be such as agree with the Principles of Christian Religion . 9. Their lessons being all said , they should be dismissed about eleven a clock , and then care must be taken that they go every one orderly out of the Schoole , and passe quietly home without any stay by the way . And to prevent that too too common clamour , and crouding out of the Schoole door , let them rise out of their places one by one with their hat , and book in their hand , and make their honours to their Master as they passe before his face , one following another at a distance out of the Schoole . It were fittest and safest that the least went out the foremost , that the bigger boyes following may give notice of any misdemeanour upon the way . 10 Their return to Schoole in the after-noon should be by one of the clock , and those that come before that hour , should be permitted to play within their bounds till the clock strike one , and then let them all take their places in due order , and say their lessons as they did in the fore-noon . After lessons ended , let one read a chapter , and say a Prayer , and so let them again go orderly and quietly home , about five a clock in the summer , and four in the winter season . 11. If necessity require any one to go out in the School time , let him not interrupt the Master by asking him leave , but let him leave his book with his next fellow above him , for fear he should else spoile it , or loose it , and in case he tarry too long forth , let notice be given to the Monitor . 12. Those children in the upper form may be monitors , every one a day in his turn , and let them every evening after all lessons said , give a bill to the Master of their names that are absent and theirs that have committed any disorder ; and let him be very moderate in correcting , and be sure to make a difference betwixt those faults that are vitiously enormous , and those that are but childish transgressons ; Where admonitions readily take place , it is a needlesse trouble to use a rod , and as for a ferula I wish it were utterly banished out of all Schooles . If one , before I conclude , should ask me , how many children I think may be well and profitably taught ( according to the method already proposed ) in a Petty-School ; I return him answer , that I conceive fourty boyes will be enough throughly to employ one man , to hear every one so often as is required , and so many he may hear and benefit of himself , without making use of any of his Scholars to teach the rest , which however it may be permitted , and is practised in some Schooles , yet it occasioneth too much noyse and disorder , and is no whit so acceptable to Parents , or pleasing to the children , be the work never so well done . And therefore I advise , that in a place where a great concours of children may be had , there be more Masters then one employed according to the spatiousnesse of the room , and the number of boyes to be taught ; so that every fourty Scholars may have one to teach them ; and in case there be boyes enough to be taught , I would appoint one single Master , to attend one single forme , and have as many Masters as there are forms , and then the work of teaching little ones to the height of their best improvement may be throwly done , esecially if there were a writeing-master employed at certain houres in the Schoole , and an experienced Teacher encouraged as a supervisor , or inspector , to see that the whole Schoole be well and orderly taught , and disciplined . What I have here writ concerning the Teaching and ordering of a Petty-Schoole , was in many particulars experienced by my self with a few little boyes , that I taught amongst my Grammar-Scholars in London , and I know those of eminent worth , and great learning that upon tryal made upon their own children at home , and others at Schoole are ready to attest the ease and benefit of this method . Insomuch as I was resolved to have adjoyned a Petty-Schoole to my Grammar-Schoole at the Token-house in Lothbury London , and there to have proceeded in this familiar and pleasing way of Teaching , had I not been unhansomly dealt with by those whom it concerned , for their own profit sake to have given me lesse discouragement . Neverthelesse , I think it my duty to promote Learning what I can , and to lay a sure foundation for such a goodly structure as learning is ; And though ( perhaps ) I may never be able to effect what I desire for its advancement , yet it will be my comfort , to have imparted somwhat to others that may help thereunto . I have here begun at the very ground work , intending ( by Gods blessing ) forthwith to publish The New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching , which doth properly belong to a Grammar-Schoole . In the mean time I intreat those into whose hands this little work may come , to look upon it with a single eye , and whether they like or dislike it , to think that it is not unnecessary for men of greatest parts to bestow a sheet or two at leasure time upon so mean a subject as this seem's to bee . And that God which causeth immense rivers to flow from small spring-heads , vouchsafe to blesse these weak beginings in tender age , that good learning may proceed hence to its full perfection in riper years . FINIS . 
A18944	----	Phraseologia puerilis, Anglo-Latina, in usum tirocinii scholastici. Or, selected Latine and English phrases wherein the purity and propriety of both languages is expressed. Very usefull for young Latinists, to prevent barbarismes, and bald Latine-making, and to initiate them in speaking and writing elegantly in both languages. By I. Clarke B.D. and Master of the Free Schoole in Lincolne. Clarke, John, d. 1658. 1638 Approx. 137 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 51 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A18944 STC 5361 ESTC S118608 99853815 99853815 19213 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A18944) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 19213) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1093:13) Phraseologia puerilis, Anglo-Latina, in usum tirocinii scholastici. Or, selected Latine and English phrases wherein the purity and propriety of both languages is expressed. Very usefull for young Latinists, to prevent barbarismes, and bald Latine-making, and to initiate them in speaking and writing elegantly in both languages. By I. Clarke B.D. and Master of the Free Schoole in Lincolne. Clarke, John, d. 1658. [96] p. Imprinted by Felix Kyngston for Robert Mylbourne, and are to be sold at the signe of the Unicorne neere Fleet-bridge, London : 1638. The first and last leaves are blank. Signatures: A-F. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. 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English language -- Phraseology -- Early works to 1800. 2005-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-04 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-10 Elspeth Healey Sampled and proofread 2007-10 Elspeth Healey Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion PHRASEOLOGIA PUERILIS , ANGLO-LATINA In usum tyrocinii Scholastici . OR , Selected Latine and English Phrases , wherein the purity and propriety of both Languages is expressed . Very usefull for young Latinists , to prevent barbarismes , and bald Latine-making , and to initiate them in speaking and writing elegantly in both Languages . By I. Clarke B. D. and Master of the Free Schoole in Lincolne . LONDON , Imprinted by Felix Kyngston for Robert Mylbourne , and are to be sold at the signe of the Vnicorne neere Fleet-bridge . 1638. The Printer to the industrious Schoolmaster , Scholar , or Reader whosoever . Good Reader , BE pleased for thy better directions in the use of this Puerilis Phraseologia to take notice , 1. That the English of each Latine phrase in the propriety thereof , is printed together with the Latine , in the other columne of the same page , that so thou maist see and shew thy Scholars , the force of each expression : where sometimes also thou meetest with two Englishes to one Latine phrase , & è contrà . 2. That when thou hast caused thy Scholars throughly to reade over , and peruse both the Latine and the English Translation ( which they must know is not verball or grammaticall ) thou maist cause them to fold downe the columne , or lay a paper upon it , and by trying their memory , maist see where and when they misse in rendring and repeating the same , out of the English into the Latine , & contrà . 3. That I conceive it most profitable for the beginners , to learne all the phrases without booke , which done , let some one in a forme take the booke and appose his fellowes in the same forme , and thou shalt see how they will with great emulation and delight ambitiously strive to answere . 4. That it will quite for cost , to cause them to construe and parse each phrase verbatim , for so they will soone perceive the absurdity of their owne base and bald translating verbatim , and will take paines to looke out for equipollent Latine expressions for their English , & contrà . 5. That thou maist take here and there the English phrase , and compose some short continued speech or interloquutory Dialogue , and make them strive to render it , in the idiome or propriety of the Latine phrase , which thou shalt soone finde exceedingly to benefit them in speaking and understanding the peculiarity of phrase in the Latine Tongue . And for some further light heerein , ( if this suffice not ) there be contrived severall Dialogues in the third Edition of my Dux Grammaticus , whereby thou maist bee fully instructed concerning the use of these elegant Phrases or fragments of speech , in making of Latines , wherein I make no question but thou shalt soone reape singular benefit , and by a neerer cut and more expedition , discover to thy Scholars all the elegancies of Grammar and Oratory , and beate them off from all barbarous and bald Anglicismes , or Latinismes , in speaking or writing ; which how much it may conduce to the common good in the training up of Scholars in this way , I leave to the judicious to imagine : and to almighty God who doth please abundantly to blesse his painfull servants , and crowne their labours with happy successe . PHRASEOLOGIA PUERILIS . O Let lucernam . A Master peece . Ad restim res rediit . Wee may give it for gone . Usque adeò Demeae . Such arrant clownes . Urbanitatis est . T is good manners . Plus satis urbanus . You are too too mannerly . Salvete quotquot estis unâ salute omnes . Good morrow all together . Salvete belli homunculi . Good even pretty Lads . Benè sit tibi cum — Much good may 't doe you with — Valebis in crastinum . Farewell till to morrow . Est aliud quod me velis ? Have you any thing else to say ? Curare cuticulam . To make much of himselfe . Dabitur opera . I will doe what I can . Nunquid tuis mandas per me ? Will you command me any service to your — Resiste paulisper . Stay awhile . Salutâssem fratrem meum literis , sèd tu mihi apud illum epistolae vice fueris . I had thought to have written to my brother , but you shall doe my errand . Ecquid novarum rerum affers è LONDINO ? What newes at London ? Monstrisimile ! Very strange . Nec audita narro sed comperta . I speake not by heare-say . Quo modo tibi placeas . How feele you your selfe ? Aegrotat crumena . I lacke money . Valui variè . I have beene sometimes w●ll and sometimes ill . Satin ' salvae res . Is all well ? Laetus istuc audio . I am glad on it . Valeo ut possum quando ut volo non licet . I doe as well as I may . Ut superis visum est . As pleaseth God. Rem mihi sanè quàm acerbam narras . Ill newes . Avertat Deus . God forbid . Bono sis animo . Be of good cheare . Quod advocati Demiphoni apud Comicum alius negat alius ait alius deliberandum censet . They know not what to say — or — They are at a losse . Plus satis erat . Too much . Pedes advenis an eques ? Came you a foot or horse backe ? Magnae bellorum Minae . Great feare of warres . Non dicendis malis afflig●ntur . In a pitifull case . Rerum humanarum tempestates . Fearefull stirres — hurly burly . Sedant ut auster mare — They make all worse — Frigidum suffundunt & classicum canunt . They blow the bellowes too — . Tibi caves . You will looke to one . Cavent sibi post principia . They will keepe out of gunshot . Res redit ad laqueum . All is naught . Num contigit praeda quàm venabaris ? Did you speed ? Venabar iratâ Deliâ . I fisht faire and caught a frogge . Spei permultum , rei nihil . Great boast small roast . Spe alendus est animus . Hopewell . Spe non saginatur venter . Faire words butter no parsnips . Nunquid vis ? Would you any thing with me ? Grata nuncias . Good newes . Nihil non novum . All is new . Uxori meae jampridem tumet uterus . My wife is with childe . Illud abs te stipulabor . You shall promise me that . Ambulacra tria . Three walkes . Me susceptorem asciscas . Make me Gossip . Trahit sua quemque voluptas . Every one as he likes . Doleo vicem tuam . I am sorry for you . Insidiari piscibus . Imponere piscibus . To catch fish . Ego ringor . I am grieved at heart . Rem prodigiosam video . A strange thing or sight . Delicatioris & elegantioris pa●ati . Daintely fed . Equitare in arundine longâ . To ride on a hobby horse . Admodum pueri . Very babies . Omnium horarum homo A man good for any thing . Actum est de pelle mea . My coat must be swinged . Quis audivit vocem campanae ? Who heard the clocke ? Quid loquebatur ? What strooke it ? Quem vicarium constituit ? Who is his Deputy ? Vae nostris natibus . Vp we goe . Orbilio plagosior . A cruell School-master or shrewd fellow . Non agitur de capite sed de parte diversa . It is your breech that must pay for it . Atramenrum dilutius . White inke . Charta tua perfluit — — transmittit atramentum . Your paper will not beare inke . Illiteratis literis obstrepere . To keepe a babling . Appara mihi pennam hanc . Make me this penne . Credo tibi vel injurato . Never sweare man. Nihil opus est jure jurando . I le beleeve you . Cui bono sunt ? What good doe they ? Agè , agè . Goe to , well , well . Est tibi jus apud me loquendi quae libet . You may say what you will. Diutiusculè abfueram . I had beene long away . Sellam cum pulvino poni jube . Bidde them bring a stoole and a cushion . Somnium mihi narras . Non est mihi simile veri . I beleeve it not . Folia sunt Sibyllae quae scribit omnia . They are oracles all — — it is too true . Hujus farinae sodales . Such like fellowes . Ut possim metuo . I am afraid I cannot . Dicere diem . To appoint a day . Totus alius redíìsti . Cleane chang'd , — not the man. Non sinam ut mihi claudes laevum latus . I will not take the upper hand of you . Operior convivas . I looke for guests . Sic te superis commendo . So I leave you to God. Haud gravatim facerem . I would willingly doe it . Méque fratri tuo quam commendatissimum facias . Commend mee kindely to your brother . Hoc est causae . This is reason . Congerronem voco , non Satrapam . I bid no States . Quid te remoratum est ? What hindred you ? Spondeo futurum . On my credit I will. Habes affectatiunculae tuae praemium . Have you that you looked for ? Ego tibi subiralcor . I am angry at you . Vices retulero . I le requite — I le bee even with you . Nihil hac re fecero libentius . I le doe it with all my heart . Parabo ventrem , ac dentes exacuam . If you will finde meate I will finde a mouth . Nihil est causae . There is no reason . Pythagoricâ coenâte excipiam . I le bidde you to an homely supper , or a supper of hearbes . Precor tibi praesentem Mercurium . I wish you good speed , or good deliverance . Coena Diogenica . An hungry supper . Assectabor ad diverticulum . I le goe with you to the taverne . Coena Platonica . A philosophicall supper . Lectio pridiana . Yesterdayes lesson . Nec Apitius mihi placet nec Diogenes . I love mediocrity . Hujusmodi ceremonias ineptas missas facito . Leave these idle complements . Omnes curas tuas ac rugas etiam istas domi relinquas . You must resolve to bee merry . Nihil nobis cum fronte Stoicâ . Valeant curae . Hang sorrow . Perlibenter faciam . With all my heart . Hoc causae est . This is the reason . Inelegantium elegantiae . Poore or bald stuffe . Quis Thales docuit te istud ? What learned man taught you that , or who made you so w●se ? Coena corrumpitur , Meate is marred . Cave nè me deluseris . See you deceive me not . Zenonem laudo . Epicurum vivo . I say one thing but doe another . Discerpe , capum lacera . Carve up the capon . Palliâ tantùm & barbâ philosophi . Mountebankes or sharkes Coenaticae philosophiae peritus . A trencher Philosopher or great feaster . Stupidi palati . Of a bad taste . Chrysippum agis , Melissa tibi opus est . You must bee remembred of your meat . Puer admodum inurbanus . An unmannerly boy . Veterator nequissimus . A notable knave . Dignum patellâ operculum . Like master like man. Tu omnibus ministras . You carve every body . Philosophus non è Stoâ sed è culinâ . A very Epicure , a belly god . In scholâ Catianâ institutus . Good at meat — hee will lay on a curry . Sapientior Diogene Aristippus . Give mee a man that will eate his meate . Homo hominum liberalissimus & nostri amantissimus . A very kinde man. Praeter literas nihil venor . I desire nothing but learning . Ego Sphingem praestiti tu Oedipus esto . Tell me if you can — — Riddle me — In coenâ sumus non in Sorbonâ . Minde what you must live by , wee are not now in the Schoole . Onerate saburrâ navim . Take your carriage , or you shall have your loade . Quorsum haec igitur ? — Cui bono ? To what purpose then ? Alius hominum cultus nec idem vultus . So changed that no man can know them . Non stupidi palati . Palatum habeo eruditissimum . I have a curious taste . Obsurduit palatum . I have lost my taste . Vinum senio desipiscit , vappescit . Tap l●sh , dead drinke . Meracius bibere . To drinke hard . Nos hic planè negligis . You never looke after us . Rem acu tetigisti . You say true . Nec ipse conventa scrvas . Nor doe you keepe touch . Absurdum est sicco palato , de quaestione vinosa disputare . You are out of your element . Ministrarem tibi , aut , Decerperem tibi quippiam si palatum tuum tenerem . I would carve you if I knew where you liked . Obsurduit palatum è frigore . I have lost my taste with cold . Tantundem palato quantum animo sapio . As good at boord as booke . Nihil tuo palato doctius . A tall trencher man. Par pari referam . I le give you as good as you bring . Si oratoriam aequè artem ut culinariam callerem , nec Cicero ipse me vinceret . Were I as good in the schoole as in the pottage pot I were an excellent orator . Tuam rationem probo . I am of your minde . Hodiè mitiorem te praebeas oro . Bee merry to day sad to morrow . Quot homines tot sententiae . Many men many mindes . Verecundè mentiri . To lye a little . Quid dicet frons tua si hominem monstravero . Can you choose but bl●sh if I shew you the man. Ut nihil pudet . Are not you ashamed ? Nunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folles . You lye with a witnesse — or , You shall have the whetstone . Mihi facile fidem facis . I beleeve you . Ministrarem tibi de cervinis carnibus si satis essem urbanus . I would helpe you to some venison if I were a good carver . Ministrarem illi nymphae si propius assiderem . I would carve that faire maide were I nearer . Tu calles quo gestu sit ministrandum istis Veneribus . You can fit the tooth of such Ladies . Sum minimè fastidiosus . Any meate will downe with me . Non est quod expectes Romanas delicias . Looke for no second course . Utinam istuc verbitacuisses . I would you had not said that . Aesopi & Apicii . Very belly gods . Minùs anguem odi quàm pisces . I love no fish . Quid istuc verbi est ? What meane you by that ? Quaeso coenulā hanc nostram licet tenuem aequi boníque consulatis . I wish you better cheare . Quod excusas id unum habet accusandum . Heere is nothing to blame but this your complementing . Vola furcifer . Make haste , Sirrah . Primâ luce parat ire . He meanes to goe at breake of day . Non est quod calculum frustrà teras , rationem hujus coenae ego confecero . I le pay all , save your labour , you shall not pay a penny . Gratiam habeo qui dignatus fis nostro adesse convivio . I thanke you for your company . Appone bellaria . Set on the banquet . Secundae mensae . The second course . Quanti istum locas ? What doe you let it for ? Conduco tanti . I hire it for so much . Quid licêris aut licitâris cum nihil sis empturus ? Never cheapen unlesse you meane to buy . Emorior si non . Never trust me else . Menti●is venefica . You lye , you queane . Abi in malam rem Ganeo . Walke knave , walke . Ego nè culmo quidem emero . I le not give a straw . Licitatus sum vectigalia . I cheapened victuals . Tuas minas floccifacio — A figge for you . — Non te pili facio . — They set a faire face on a foule matter . Qui nigra in candida vertunt . Much good doe it him . Sit illi faustum . He is like to be hanged — Accersitus est capitis . — It will cost him his life . Pulchrè dicis . You say well , you speake reason . Hoc conviviolum . This poore fare . Sole inclinato . At Sun set . Latus tuum claudam . I le follow you , Sir. Dici non potest quantum mihi placeam , ●atrapas mihi videor . You will not thinke how glad , how proud I am , that — Ratiunculas istas quas — Those few reasons — — Nunquam , non . — Alwayes , ever . Nè immodici videamur . That I bee not too troublesome . Nec te lateat . I would have you know . Sed Sol nos relinquit . The Sunne is set , or gone downe . Tecto & lecto te condas . Make haste home to bed . Clavus clavo pellitur . Wedge drives out wedge . Praediolum suburbanum . A farme neare the city . Convivium herbaceum . Ex dapibus inemptis . A dinner of hearbes . Ad quam horam libet prandere . At what a clocke will you dine . Bonae fidei est quod venistis . It is honestly done to — Inciviliter civiles . Too too mannerly . Nusquam non . Every where . Nidulus meus . My poore house . Quin ipse legis . Why doe not you reade it your selfe ? Graeca quidem video , at illa non vident me . I see the Greeke , but it will not see me . Lampadem illi trado . Let him doe it if he will. take my place . A prandio spectabitis . You shall se● it after dinner Velut cochleam se domi continet . He never stirres abroad . Abstine sus , non tibi spirat . Hands off , beast , it is not for you . Vel dejerâssem esse . I durst have sworne . Confabulans cum amiculo . Talking with a friend . Hic hortus non eget culturâ . — needs no dressing . weeding . Nonnè vides camelum saltantem ? A likely matter . Veluti per transennam videre . To have a blush of it — Depictum est ad nativam effigiem . Limmed to the life . Politeia formicar●m . Laborious men , or a pismire hill . Cui possit o● rep●re taedium ? Who can be weary ? Captator cap●us . A cheater cheated ▪ Haec pascunt oculos ▪ at ventrem non explent . It is better to fill the eye than the belly . Septum est sepe perpetuâ è spinis implexis sed vivis contexta . A quicke hedge . Apum regnum . A Bee-hive . A prandio . After dinner . Corrumpitur prandium . Dinner is cold . Mihi permittitur jus in regno meo . I may doe as I list at home . Is mos mihi multis nominibus videtur amplectendus . I like that fashion . Jucunda fiunt ubi vel mensem unum assueveris . Tell mee how you will like them a moneth hence . Praestat pauca avidè discere quàm multa cum taedio devorare . Wee must learne with a good will. Nihil esset praeter betas absque pipere vino & aceto . Meane service , poore attendance , homely cheare . Votis fatigare Deum . To pray to God earnestly . Rem ( ni fallor ) non acu ( quod aiunt ) sed lingua tetigisti . You say true . Muta persona . A dumbe shew . Mulier moribus placidissimis . A well conditioned woman . Mihi animus erat in patinis . I minded my meate . Videris hujus prandioli summam . You see all your cheare . Epicureum prandium video nè dicam sybariticum . Royall cheare . Quale quale est boni consuletis . Take such as I have . Tenor loci . The scope of the place . Hic mihi geminus obstrepit scrupulus . A double doubt . Deum immortalē quàm frigent prae illis . Poore stuffe in regard of them . Cygnea cantio . A sweet ending — Jam aliquis causabitur . But some will cavill . Ex amne Lethaeo longa bibere oblivia . To forget all — Ut mollissimè dicam . That I may say the best . Illud etiam atque etiam praefatus me non — Mistake me not . Nos precibus tuis Deo commendatos habe . Pray for us . Coenatio Luculliana . A royall supper . Miracula divitiarum . Vnvaluable wealth . Frustulatim . By piece-meale — by driblets . Errones huc & illuc circumcursitantes . Vagabond rogues . Qui mendicatò vivunt . Common beggers . Recita puer ab eo loco ubi proximè destitisti . Reade on where you left off last . Lepidum sophisma . A notable cheat . Apophoreta . Pockettings . Anagnostes insatiabilis librorum Helluo . An unsatiable reader , a great bookist . Mihi prodigio simile videtur . Strange to me . Parcissimus temporis . dispensator . A very good husband with his time . Vitreis fenestris volubilibus licet excludere coelum . You may shut the casement . Pictura non invenusta . Opus Apelle dignum . A dainty picture . Dominus Jesus te feliciter deducat & reducat . The God of heaven goe out and come in with you . Nihílne re● istic novae ? Is there no newes ? Rem certam narras ? Is it true ? Jus pridianum dicit . Yesterdayes pottage . Quid si divinem ? What if I should guesse ? Admove aurem . Hearken . Mihi Sibyllae folium erit quicquid ille dixerit . I le beleeve him as an oracle Plùs quàm smaragdinus viror . An excellent Greene. Quî possim ego ? How can I ? Precatiuncula mea est . It is my wish . Ut cerasum maturescens , aut uva purpurescens . Cherry red . Argumentis Achilleis evincam . A strong reason . Eâdem operâ fac ut sentiat Adamas . As good speake to a stone . Humanum ingenium . A kinde man. Me talibus perdiciis non capies . You shall not take me so — Istud prohibeant superi . God forbid . An Circem quampiam ex me facies . Will you make me a witch . Minimo negotio . Very easily . Nuper reliquit superos . He is lately dead . Nemo non novit . Every man knowes . An me putas Apologum comminisci ? Doe you thinke I tell you a lye ? Digna principe marito . A fine lasse — a dainty wench . Venter prominulus . A sw●g belly . Rem miseram narras . A pitifull case . Sic visum est Nemesi . So justice will have it . Si calceum induisses tum demùm sentires qua parte urgeret . Every man can rule a shrew but he that hath her . Jacienda est alea. I must venture — I must take my chance . Quanquam ego multis auguriis colligo rem meliùs cessuram . But I hope better — Nihil istiusmodi . No such matter — Non malè convenit geniis nostris . It agrees well with — Nae tu plùs quàm lynceus es ! You have very good eyes . Spectaculum amoenius . A finer sight . Ab ipso statim lacte . From the very cradle . Nè quid praepoperè . All in good time , yet . Adhuc tua messis in herba est . Time enough y●t . Sub imminentem noctem A little before night . Quicquid est rei tutò depones his auribus . You need not feare to tell me . Fateberi● si divinâro ? Will you tell me if I guesse ? Est omninò non leve . It is no small matter . Durum est . It is an hard case . Equidem consumpsi omnem divinationem . I have done guessing . Pro thesauro carbones . A faire match . Aperui morbum meum , tu nunc medicum age si quid potes . I have told you my case , helpe me if you can . Nè tu sis insciens . I would have you to know . Mores aemulantur Sapphûs . Light skirts — Wanton wenches . Attamen animus eò fertur . My minde stands strong to it . Quare tibi fuerim author . Wherfore I le perswade you . Ex intima versa in extimam . The wrong side outward . Omnibus admotis machinis . When wee had done all the good we could . Excantârunt mihi cerebrum . They have put mee beside my selfe . Clarâ luce . At high noone . Resilire ab instituto . To turne the cat in the pan Salve mihi tantundem . God save you too . Itáne statim me scommate excipis ? Doe you flout me so at the first ? Mollities byssum superat . As soft as silke . Non tu illum excipis jurgio . Doe not you scold him out of doores . Turbarum nonnihil erat initio . We fell out at first a little . Nondum annus opinor expletus est à nuptiis . It is not a yeare since wee were married . Velis nolis . In spight of your teeth . Istuc ibam . I was about to speake that . Ad ●ev●a praestat connivere . Wee must winke at small faults . Dissimulato stomacho . Smothering his anger . Nè longum faciam . That I may not be tedious . Citra personam omnem . Without any fiction . In eam coepit deperire . He fell in love with her . Substravissem illi fasciculum urticarum . I would have put a bunch of nettles under him . Vergenti aetate . In old age . Perfundere lotio . To powre a pispot on one . Jubeas ut suaviter viverent . Bid them be merry . Mussanda est tibi omnis injuria . You must put up such wrong . Hâc ans● tantum arripisillum quâ teneri non potest . You take him by the wrong eare . Trimestris foetus . A good breeder . Contigit foelici fundo bonus cultor . We are well met . Me vide . Trust me . Ad me recipio . I will undert●ke it . Misceret coelum terrae . He will m●ke old stirre . Samius quispiam literatus videri possis . A sca●red face . Quibuscunque bonae mentis cura fuit . Who ever had a care of their soules health . Si non assequimur , certè sequimur . Though wee cannot reach , yet we stretch . Tibi res erat cum fungis aut papaveribus . You have a company of cravons . Jugulare hominem ob mercedulam . To cut a mans throat for wages . Pro aris & focis . For God and our country . Inter intentatas lancearum cuspides . At push of pike . Scabies Hispanica . The French Pox. Haec est a lea Martis . This ● the chance of war. Istud malū adfri●abis iis . You will infect others . Non te gratis docebo , numera & audies . I will not teach yo● for nothing Extrema anchora est — My last refuge is — Nusquam non sum . I am here , there and every where . Dextro Ulysse ac Mercurio . He fares well with lying and stealing . Nox erat sublustris . It was a Moone shining night . Vidésne quod sodalitium tibi claudat latus ? Doe you know in whose company you are ? Alpes & alti montes verrucae sunt si conferantur ad undas maris . The high mountaines are nothing to the Sea waves . Quisque se paret ad extrema . Let every man prepare for the worst . O verè Scythicam concionem ! O hard speech ! Multa mala precans superis & inferis . Cursing and banning . Ibi vidisses miseram rerum faciem . You might have seene a miserable sight . Ludis . You mocke . Voce pressiore . With a low voice . Candela Sebacea . A tallow candle . Non reclamabat tibi conscientia ? Did not your conscience gall you ? Navim laceram jam undique combibentem undas . A ship taking water . Dura rerum conditio . A very hard case . Ad sacram anchoram confugit . His last refuge . Moribus adeò festivis ut possit vel ipsum Catonem exhilarare . Hee will make any man merry . Nè gravare commemorare ? Doe not thinke much to tell ? Si quid causeris . If you finde fault . Circumactis oculis tacitus . Looking about . Sudore diffluunt omnes . They drop againe . Barbatus Ganymedes . An old Chamberlaine . Dies pisculentus . A fasting day . Extremus actus sit optimus . The best at last . Ecquid animi vobis est ? How doe you all doe ? Tacitus interim ac tristis Charontem quempiam diceres . Sowre and sad . Nemo reclamat iniquae rationi ? Doth no man finde fault with the reckoning ? Quid tu es hominis ? What man are you ? Primâ fronte vix te agnoscebam . I hardly knew you at the first sight . Nè musca quidem . No body at all . Hic fundus noster . This is our trade . Excussa paulisper ista animi temulentia rem ipsam mecum consideres . Consider well on it . Citius miscerem illis to xicum . I will see them hanged first . Isti formae flos brevi deflux erit . Beauty will faile . Nugator omnium nugacissimus . As bad as the worst . Sesqui-haereticus . An errand Hereticke . Lapidi dixeris . I will tell no body . Totum Augiae stabulum effudi . I have made cleane riddance . Saepè vicies mihi in die commutat nomen . Hee miscalles mee twenty times in a day . Galatea , Euterpea , Calliope , Callirrhoe , Melissa , Venus , Minerva . Sweet heart . Tisiphone , Megaera , Alecto , Medusa , Baucis . Dirty flut . Micare carmen digitis . To scanne averse . Quantula res ? What a small matter ? Haeremus in vado , quis nos expediet ? Who will helpe Dunne out of the mire ? Mihi nec Graeca satis liquent . I doe not understand the Greeke . Carmen Musis & Apolline nullo . A poore worke . Arrodit unguem . He labours for it . Nulla adest Musa . It will not come . Suum quisque nidum adeat . Every one to bed . Bruta fulmina . Fulgur è vitro . Meere scare-crowes . Quovis carbone atrior . As blacke as a coale . Percontare à coelo usque ad terram si libet . Aske me what you will. Sive laeta contingunt sive tristia . Come good or bad . Certius quàm te credo esse hominem . As true as you live . Nihil habeo persuasius . I beleeve it verily . E solido vivóque saxo . Out of a rocke . Facias totius hujus pectoris anatomiam . Try me to the botome . Id quidem est praeter symbolum nostrum . That is not in our Creed — I beleeve it not — A lowd lye . Nisi me fallit animus aut parum prospiciunt oculi Vnlesse I be deceived . Operimur currum . We stay for the Coach. Citius credant cancros volaturos . They will sooner beleeve a snaile will fly . Transegi . I have bargained . Non cessant anni quamvis cessant homines . Time will away whatsoever men doe . Dic bona fide . Tell me in good sadnesse . Quot annos numeras ? How old are you ? Recipio me facturum . ● will promise you I will doe it . Ea res mihi planè cessit ex animi sententiâ . It fell out as I would have it . Mitionem quendam agit . A faire conditioned man. Quando aliter visum est superis . Since it pleases God otherwayes . Injuriae quae vel placidissimum moveant stomachum . It would anger any man. Totam hanc curam superis committo . I leave all to God. Liberavi fidem meam . I am as good ▪ ●s my word . Dextro Hercule ac benè fortunante Mercurio . With good lucke . Scopulus quavis Malea periculosior . Very dangerf●ll . Extimè lineus , intimè lanius . A very hypocrite . Non uno suspendio dignus . Worthy of a thousand deaths . Nacta est suum patella operculum . Well match●d — Stultitiae Thrasonicae insignia . A fooles coat — Clitellae non conveniunt bovi ? What shoul● a cow doe with a cart saddle ? Nihil vulgatius . As common as the high way . Videtis jam inverti mundiscoenam . You see all turn'd topsie turvy . Quae hunc agitant intemperiae ? What ailes the man ? Quam decet nullo adstricta cingulo vestis , ac liberis diffluens laciniis ? How w●ll doth a loose Gowne become her ? Virguncula vel ipso digna Apolline . A brave Lady . Ad hanc quidem altera Venus invenusta est . As faire as beauty her selfe . Is est & auctor & actor hujus fabulae . Hee had his hand and his head in the matter . Coelum erat mirè serenum , nec ullâ usquam nubeculâ suffuscatum . A very cleare day . Cum jam tenebrae sustulissent de rebus judicium . When it began to be darke . Nullum ille vadimonium non deferret si — Hee would doe any thing if — Choragus fabulae . The ring-leader . Immussavit in aurem . He whispered in his eare . Ut larvam esse diceres non hominem . He lookes like a ghost . Ignosces tamen hujus mei importunitati . Pardon my boldnesse I pray you . Decoquit in aleam . He lost at dice. Luditur opera & perit impensa . Our labour is lost . Perlonga est fabula , sed ego paucis absolvam . I will be short . E Phaedro mihi videris factus Cato . You are become a strange man. Opus est perstrenuo equo . I have need of a good horse . Volat potiùs quàm ambulat . He rather flies than goes . Tandem incalu●t & ille . And bee beganne to bee angry also . Mihi addis animum . You put me in good heart Audendum est . Set a good face on it . Ubi sensero larem hiantem escam paro . I watch the opportunity . Merus fucus est . Nothing but cheating . Tempus illud quo regnant piscatores frigent lanii . Carnisprivium — Lent-time . Quidam mirè dextri Mercurio favente nati . Fellowes that have a faculty . Dignus qui non simplici suspendio pereat tantus artifex . He is worthy to bee hanged a thousand times . Spes opima . Great hope . Pro carbone rapam . You have lost your longing . Ab equis ad asinos . A faire change . Belli homunculi . Boone companions . Lupus in fabulâ . He is here we speake of . Ad calendas graecas . At latter Lammas . Demirabar quid esset causae . I marvailed what was the matter . Adeóne hospes es in hac regione ? Are you such a stranger here ? Bulimia pecuniarum . Starke beggery . Subsidiarius miles . A fresh supply . Nemo non videt cui sunt oculi . Every man may see that hath eyes . Istuc vidi non semel . I have seene that more than once . Si mihi parùm habes fidei — If you will not beleeve me . Istuc in me accipio . I will undertake that . Puta me esse tuum mancipium , imperabis & impetrabis quid voles . I will doe any thing for you . Qui est Duci ab epistolis . The Dukes Secretary . Lapidi dixeris . I am no blab . Expediam quàm potero paucissi●is . I will be short . Obsecro quomodo sese ab hoc nodo expediebat ? How did hee loose himselfe from that trouble ? Lumen erat ambiguum . It was darke . Mihi cor in genua deciderat . I was out of heart . Precariò vel pretio . For love or money . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cart before horse . Tantillum fragmentulum ? Such a little bit ? Non hamaxaeum aut colossaeum . Not very good — bigge . Nec mihi quisquam persuasurus esset , nisi his oculis , hisce inquam oculis vidissem , intuitus essem , comperissem . I should never have beleeved it , but that I saw it . Numero dixisti . Soone said . Comes parùm commodus . No good fellow . Diceres Midam & Croesum fuisse mendicos , si spectares vim auri atque argenti . Infinite rich . Virum si nôris non humanum modò , verum ipsam humanitatem . A very kinde man. Corrugans frontem ▪ porrigens labia , gorgoneis oculis nos obtuens . Hee lookes as if hee would eate us . Quorsum ille musicus humilis in templo ? What need all this roaring ? Quo colore possit excusari ? What can they say for it ? Quaslibet ambages mallem , quàm istud compendium . I had rather goe about . Mendicabulum Seniculorum . An hospitall . Prodigiosa narrant , nec mihi satis verisimili● . Strange if true . Sitio reliquum fabulae . Let us heare all . Cui tandem rei ? For what thing I pray you , Sir ? Fames planè Saguntina . A grievous famine . Venimus ad summum . We see the worst . Quod vetitum est , impotentius appetunt . They more eagerly desire it . Pium meherculè votum . A very good prayer . Diis manibus devovere . To damne to hell . Agoranomus . The clerke of the market . Anni renascentis infantiam vitiare . To come neare the Spring . Si quando in casses illorum incide●s . If you fall into their lurch . Non reclamo . I doe not deny it . Ab asino delaberis . Quite from the purpose . Dicam explanatiûs . I will tell you more plainly Simpliciter insaniunt . They are starke mad . Quindecim Homerica mendacia . Horrible lyes . Terminum agit , nulli dignans concedere . There is no deniall , hee comes with authority . Fortiter negabàs . Thou deniedst it stoutly . Pisci dixeris . I will tell no body . Perditiùs vivit quàm antea . Hee is a great deale worse than he was . Omnissimum . Every one . Dilucidius explicare . To tell plainly . Ille simpliciter delirat . He is starke mad . Ludebam , ut te urerem . I did but jest to set you on . Certius est lucrum & minus aleae , minúsque laborum . Lesse paines and more gaines . Coelum terrae miscemus . Wee goe together by the eares . Tyria concitaret maria . He would make mad stir . Coepit habere meliusculè . He beganne to mend . Certare poculis & hilarescere vino erat illi quotidianum . Much given to company keeping . Gracilis vultus . A thin face . Bacchi furor habebat omnes . They were all stark drunk . Toto passim orbe . All the world over . Valetudine plusquam vitreâ . A sickly man. Ego jam turbae satur . Weary of the company . Bibitur usque ad insaniam . He drinkes while he stares againe . Cùm aliquoties plurimi vix ad stivam idonei — When many are fitter for the plough than — Quorum tota vita pugnat ex diametro cum professione baptismi . Very hypocrites . De plerisque non de omnibus . True in some . Quidam pannosus , pediculosus , luridus , vietus ▪ exuccus , facie cadaverosâ , cranium vix habebat tres pilos . An old tattered , lowsie , thin-faced fellow . Ego illi precabar micam sobriae mentis in tam putrido cerebro si tamen ullum habebat cerebrum . I wish him an ounce more of wit. Nomine duntaxat , de facie non novi . I knew him by name but not by face . Rerum undas componere To end controversie . Absolve narrationem . Make an end of your tale . Grunni●bant nescio quid They gruntle I know not what . Ut asini soleant sarcinas impositas . Sore against my will. Nihil illo sincerius . A very sincere man. Demiror quid senserit . I mar●●iled what hee thought . Id tuo permitto arbitratui Doe as you will. Recitare sacram lectionem . To reade in the Bible . Foris aureos intus ficulnos . Grosse dissemblers . Ad te velut ad oraculum confugio . I desire your counsell . Quae fuit unquam tam benè vel conscripta vel acta fabula ut toti placuerit theatro . Who could ever please all ? Ego generatim attingam aliquot . I will point out some . Sales qui nihil habent dentis . Toothlesse jests . Precor tibi semper propitium comum . Sit you merry . Certare chartis . To play at cards . Equites mihi narras Equul●o dignos . Knights of the poste . Ista nos non fugerunt . We know that well enough Ossa pertulit . Men say so . Totus distillo . I am dropping dry . Non omninò plumeum . Not very light . Res humanae sursum de●or●●m miscentur . All things are turned upside downe . Ego te non remorabor diutius . I will hold you no longer . Cui tandem rei ? For what thing I pray you ? Honos fit auribus . Sir reverence . Minimum abfuit quin risu dissilie●im . I was almost burst with laughing . Quam bella bellaria ? What curious banquettings Inter Moriae proceres primas meretur . A very foole . Archimorita . An arch foole . Haec res vel silici possit extundere lachrymas . This would move a stone . Hoc ipsum quod spirat merum est venenum , quod loquitur pestis est ▪ quod contingit mors est . A very dangerous fellow . Si modò vel unciolam habeat sanae mentis . If hee have but a dramme of wit. Cogunt sub dio noctem agere . They make them lye out of doores . Quid officio inofficiofius ? A little kindnesse . Non possum magis etiamsi de capite ageretur I could doe no more if my life lay on it . Cretensis incidit in Cretensem . The cheater is cheated . Bacchus in exuvio leonis . Polyphemus cum codice . A cow with a cart saddle . Nihil divinius . Most heavenly . In os te vocat mendacem . Hee calles you lyar to your face . Totam faciem tuber reddidi . I punished him soundly . Vultus erat qualis esse solet Martis irati . He was very angry . Ingentes excitant tragoe dias . They make great stirres . Inundavit aeris alieni magnitudo . Greatly in debt . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Angry for nothing . Perfricanda frons est . Set a good face on it . Non Chius sed Cous. A lucky cast . Aufert acervum . He swoopes all . Convolvere talos & mittere . To cast the dice. Insidiatur tibi fortuna . You have ill lucke . Succedo . I am next . Quota Venus finiet ludum ? How many ●ises shall wee make up ? Nostrae Culinae regina . Our kitchin maide . Obde ostium pessulo . Bolt the doore . Conciliabulum . A chapter . Nè vos longiore morer prooemio . Least I should hold you too long in the threshold . Expensâ rerum omnium summâ potior est , &c. If you consider all well , it is best — Ferreistant in acie . They are all in armour . Uxor colo telóque assidens . A good huswife . Hodiè te conventum volebam . I would have spoken with you to day . Eras fortassis occupatior . Perhaps you were busie . Altum dormiebam . I was fast asleepe . Quâ tandem horâ soles lectum relinquere ? What time are you wont to rise ? Jam illud expende . Consider I pray . Verisimile narras . You say true . Diei mors . The night . Quod si haec , leve pondus habent apud te . If these will not prevaile with thee . Homo sine ore , vel os non habens . An impudent fellow . Profecto nec Apitius potuisset discum suaviorem apponere . Better than all cheare . Juxta dictum Isocraticum As Isocrates saith . Pertusum dolium . Very forgetfull . Pectoris aegritudines evomere . To acquaint others with his — Quam libens illi blateroni os impurum obturâssem oleto . I would faine have stopped his mouth with a — Argumentum vulgatissimum ex illorum degenere genere . An ordinary subject of that base sort . Contremisco referens . I am af●aid to tell it . Nil mirum est in rosariis nasci Cynorrhodum . There will bee bad as well as good . Quantum ego divinare queo . As farre as I can ghesse . Non hamaxiaeum aut Colossaeum sed montijusto parem — A mighty , huge , great — Corpore erat vasto , buccis rubentibus , ventre prominente , lateribus gladiatoriis dixisses Athletam esse . A great pottag'd belly Frier . O malè collatam benignitatem ! Kindnesse ill bestowed . Erat concio frequens ? Was it a great cogregation ? Rem mirè facetam dicis . A very pretty jest . Neque arbitror in totâ Arcadiâ esse ullum asinum usque adeò asinum quin hic dignior sit qui foeno pascatur quàm ille . A very blocke head . Atque id verbis exaggerabat . He aggravated it . Irrefutabilis veritas . An undeniable truth . Pulchrè nodum secuisti . A good distinction . Nemo non fateretur . No man would deny it . Authoritati passim oppeditur . Authority is every where contemned . Metuunt fulmen episcoporum . They were afraid of excommunication . Non aliter gaudet agnosci quàm sol amat lucere . He will be knowne — 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Live privately . Equidem ut ingenue quod res est fatear . To speake what I thinke . Lubricae fidei & erubescendae vanitatis . Vnconstant men . In fabulam vertitur . A common laughing stocke . Ubinam te quaeso . Where I pray you . Bulimia periclitari . To be in great famine . Quaerere Mercurium . To seeke gaine . Latrat stomachus . I am very hungry . Clamatum est usque ad ravim ▪ Cry till they be hoarse . Si eo die Mercurium fuisset expertus propitium . If hee had made a good market that day — Bella meherclè bellaria . Good cheare . Quoties autem videri volebat Lucullus , hi fermè erant missus . When he was noble we had this cheare . Studere in multam noctem . To study by night . Lubuit videre regnum illius . I would see his house . Ovum recens natum . A new laid egge . Dimidium panis . Halfe a loafe . Ut dicam parcissimè . That I may speake the least Sphaerulae precatoriae in manibus . Beades . Invitis oculis lachrymas effundere . To counterfeit teares . Non excutiam hic quanti momenti sit . I will not say of what great consequence it is . Sunt conditissima mysteria . Great mysteries . Vellicas eos odiosius . You abuse them grosly . Tuâ fretus fide dicam . You shall see I le trust you . Sit mihi fas audita loqui . Let mee say what I have heard . Nè plura commemorem . To say no worse . Vir Seraphicus . Vir Cherubicus A gray frier or begging frier , a Franciscan , a Domin●can , the blacke or preaching Frier . Qui non vereantur illis oppedere . Not afraid to condemne . Nè quid erres . Least you mistake . Existimo illum non adeò defipuisse . I did not thinke him so mad . Nudum pedem ostendit per Synechdochen . His foot halfe bare . Inter eruditos magna digladiatio est . It is a great controversie . Sacrosanctissimam vestē . An holy garment . Quem Deum in consilium adhibuisti . Whom had you for your counsellour . Mira narras . Very strange . Pavimus oculos nostros . We have fed our eyes . Commodum occurrit . Peropportunè venit . He came in pudding time . In long●m porrigitur . He is made an end of . Afflictissimè vivit . He lives in great misery . Nec causa liquet cur . Neither doth it appeare why . Canum commilitio armatus . Defended with mastives . Non magis parco quàm lupis . I le not baulke you an ace . Accepi ab iis qui spectârunt . I have heard it of those that have seene it . Solum consternere scirpis virentibus . To strew the chamber with rushes . Certa mors erat . It was present death . Mirum erat spectaculum . It was strange to see . Potest aliquid causae divinari . Some cause may be g●ven . Vix divinare liceat . You would scarcely ghesse . Si eum juxta viderit , metu emoritur . If he saw him neare , he dies for it . Consimili planè ratione . In like manner . Quis potuit dexterius , deterius ? Who could have done it better , worse ? Isti non omninò dissimile est . Not unlike to this . Nec est vanum quod audistis . It is true that you have heard . Quum caeteri ferè omnes When all . Nae tu praeclarum facis saltum . There is a leape indeed . Expediam paucis . I will tell you in a word . Justius admirareris . You may better wonder . Plumeae levitatis . As light as a feather . Sed nè persequamur fabulas Democriticas , nonnè comperimus experimentis ? A plaine case . Quid venatur meus Spudaeus ? What seeke you for ? Nec satis queo mirari de re tantâ inter tantos viros tantam fuisse sententiarum pugnam . I wondred they should so disagree . Quid dici potuit hac sententiâ sanctius ? Most divinely spoken . Peccatum lixivio lachrymarum ac poenitentiae nitro abstergere . To repent . Nae tu nobis adfers paradoxam omnibus Stoicorum paradoxis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A strange opinion . Deliciantur ( ac quod dici potest ) toti melle peruncti , suaviter vivunt , adeò ut cum his collati Sardanapalus , Philoxenus , Apitius tristem ac miseram peregerint vitam . Happy men . Istud nullus iverit inficias nisi Cyclopibus immanior . No good man will deny this . Quibus studio est suaviter vivere . Who minde their pleasure . Belluinis cupiditatibus obrutuerunt . Beastly fellowes . Vulgus hominum per fas nefásque venatur . Men seeke by hooke and crooke . Propemodum assentior . I am halfe of your minde . At mox coepit oblatrare stomachus . They presently beganne to be very hungry . Ut ferè fit . As most commonly commeth to passe . Indolentia . Hard heartednesse . Fodicat animam . Galles the conscience . Duos Scipiones quibus nititur . Two crutches that hee goes upon . Non tam humi repit . He i● so base . Adde Monarchae sceptrum si libet , adde pontificiam coronam eámque ex triplici fac centuplicem , modò detrahas animum sibi benè conscium , audacter dicam hunc pauperem esse nudipedem . What is all the honour of the world without a good conscience ? Si in unum hominem sexcentos confers Sardanapalos . Be you never so happy . Acûs vulnusculum . A pricke of a pinne . Nè me fallat promissor . Be as good as your word . Etiam si quis trium Nestorum excedat annos . If he be never so old . Non habeo quod contradicam . I must needs yeeld . Cupediarum architectus A belly god . Inamaenum vitae genus . An uncomfortable life . Lapis Tantaleus . Saxum Tantaleum . Present danger marres all pleasure . Voluptatibus ceu poculo Circeo dementati . Sensualists . A juvenili temulentia maturè resipiscere . To repent betimes . Per universum orbem gras●atur comitata furiis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nothing but slander every where . Linguae polities . Neat language . Nemo prudens non fatebitur . Every wise man will say . Nugacissimus nugator . A very idle fellow . Nec refellere est animus nec asseverare . I say nothing to it . Quod nec mihi persuasum est , nec aliis probare possim . I can neither beleeve it my selfe nor perswade others . Cepas porrúmque arrodere . To live poorely or leape at a crust . Variis certatum argumentis . Disputed both wayes . Si quis mihi credat ecclesiasticae rei dictaturam If I were a Pope . Lappâ coronatus . A garland of burres . Spectator esse malo quàm certator . I had rather looke on than be a gamester . Non assequor divinando I can never ghesse . Immodicum officium . Too full of curtesie . Sortitò obvenerunt . They came by choice . Tribus te verbis volo . Let mee borrow a word of you . Maturè te confers ad ni dum . You goe soone to bed . Dormio suaviter . I sleepe soundly . Sanctulus es . A Saintling . Stultulus es . You are a fondling . Perpulchrè tu quidem philosopharis . You say well . Expiscabor omnia . I will know all . Nihil malorum non docet otium . Sicke of the idle . Ut nunc sunt hominum mores . As the world rules . Memet ab illis suffuror . I get me gone . Unde post me non queam extricare . I cannot be free . Non facilè labitur qui sic pedetentim incedit . Good heed hath as good hap . Novi hominem tanquam te I know the man as you . Precor tibi vertat quàm optimè . Good lucke have you . Experiar istam rationem . I will try that course . Istuc officii omitte . Save your labour . Periculum faciam quàm sis bonae fidei ? May I trust you ? ●udant gregatim . Play all together . ●ide-jussi vestro omnium nomine . I have undertaken . Talitro ludere . To play for a boxe of the eare . Aliquo periculo certandum est alioqui friget ludus . Play for somewhat , or else . Mittere pilam . To strike the ●all . Pila palmaria . Stoole-ball . Lude Ingenuè . Lude Legitimè . Play faire . Noster hic ludus est . The game is ours . Pone notam cretaceam . Chalke one . In planiciem provocas equum . Meddle with your match . Adsit fortuna . Benè vertat . God send us good lucke . Minus discernas ovum ab ovo , aut ficum à ficu . As like as may be . Sceleratus ille laterculus obstitit . That scurvy rub hindered . Ingens jactus . A brave cast . Contraxi siticulam . I am somewhat dry . Accipio legem . I like the conditions . Versaris in tuâ arenâ . A cocke on your owne du●ghill . Sphoeristerii plebiscila . Lawes in bowling . In damno est . He looseth . Centies tentanti vix semel successit . Not once in an hundred times . Saltus ranarum . Leape-frogge . Liberalius est . It is more gentleman like . Designa stadium . Make the Goale . Carcer . The start or stalfe frō which Meta. The goale or place to which Nae tu suavis es nugator . You are a sweet youth ! Divinitatis quiddam spirare videtur . O goodly thing . Nondum satis intelligo quorsum eas . I conceive not what you meane . Miracula divitiarum . Infinite wealth . Intus ac foris , ab imo usque ad summum . All over from top to toe . Pecuniam frustulatim dissipare . To spend by driblets . Ubi proximè destitisti . Where left you last ? Animus somniat ac parturit mihi nescio quid . My minde gives me . Adjiciet alicundè . He will supply on some fashion . Si vos novi satis . If you deceive me not . Anagnostes insatiabilis . A notable plodder . Ut mihi prodigio videatur simile . Very strange . Id cedet parcissimo temporis dispensatori . Bestow it on a man that spends his time well . Nusquam non . Every where . Nihil non . Every thing . Neque enim clam te est . You know very well . In secundis mensis . At the second service . Bulimia laboro . I am as hungry as an horse . Dixtî pulchrè . Neatly expressed . Well said , Solvam optimâ fide . I will pay you honestly . In scholâ Catianâ institutus . A notable belly god . Vir dignus qui nunquam senesceret , aegrotaret , aut moreretur . A worthy man. Vitreis fenestris volubilibus licet excludere coelum si nebulis aut ventis sit immodicum . With glasse windowes to keepe out winde and weather . Excludere solem si quid offendat aestus . To keepe out the Sunne . Rem certam narras . It is certaine . Egregius ille trilinguis eruditionis phoenix . An excellent linguist . Ridebimus aff●tim . W● will laugh our belly full . Est homo certissimae fidei , Sibyllae folium est quicquid ille dixerit . A man on whose word you may build . Stipulatus est altum silentium . Hee made mee promise secrecy . Bona spes est ut revalescat . There is great hope of his recovery . Sex dies sunt quod hominem non inviserim , sed tamen quotidianis precibus illius salutem Domino commendabam . I had not seene him of sixe dayes but I prayed for his health and recovery . Graminum & frondium plusquam Sm●ragdinus viror . As greene as grasse . Candore mirè lucido . As white as snow . Relicto foetore ad quem collatum oletum videri● possit sansucinum aut foliatum . Stinke like a Polecat . Negavit se ullis vocibus vel somnium rei posse depingere . No tongue can expresse . Si suppetat animofacultas If my wealth was to my will. Nostrae partes erunt . It is our duty . Tu palles ut cerasum maturescens aut uva purpurascens . As red as a che●ry . Obesulus es . Pretty and fat . Minimo negotio . Very easily . Nemo non novit . Every man knowes . Simiam verius diceres quàm hominem . A very Jacke an apes . Venter prominulus . A swag-belly . Decoxerat rem & plusquam animam ille debebat . Spent all and owes more than he is worth . Ac subinde vapulat . She therefore smarts for it . Bella collatio . A fit comparison . Nè verere , quicquid est rei tutò depones hisce auribus . Never feare to tell me . Animus non fert ut . My heart feves me not to — Forma nullâ parte non felix . Excellent beauty . Nihil istiusmodi , gratia Deo. No such matter , thankes be to God. Si quod sidus prosperum mihi affulgeret . If I might have that happin●sse to — Divina . Ghesse . Equidem consumsisti omnem divinationem meam . I can ghesse no more . Mirus quidem affectus me habebat . I had a great minde to — Nihil habet viri praeter barbam , eruditionis nè pilum quidem . A very blocke head . Mollities byssum superat . As soft as silke . Quid ita quaeso te . Why so I pray you ? Dicam in hoc ut . I will tell you for this purpose . Ad tectum & lectum recipere . At bed and board . Vir ingenio mirè vafro . A crabbed fellow . Qui citra personam omnem posset , quamvis agere comoediam . He needs no vizard . Nihil erat sed mera pau pertas . As poore as Job . Suaviter vivite . Be merry Sirs . Decoquere animi aegritudinem . To forget sorrow . Fundum arat alienum . A notable whoremaster , or he lives on the commons . Nihil est negotii . No great labour . Quisque se paret ad extrema . Feare the worst . Etiamsi omnium rerum tuarum auctionem feceri● , non est solvendo . You are never able to pay it Navim laceram undas undique combibentem . A leaking ship . Moribus adeò festivis ut posset vel ipsum Catonem exhilarare . One that would make an horse breake his halter . Ubi multa est vespera . When it growes late . Barbatus Ganymedes . A bearded serving man. Quid tu es hominis ? Who are you I pray ? Nec incidi venam usquam nec devoravi catapotia nec haus● potiones . I never tooke physicke . Totus echinus asper . Not to bee handled with a paire of tonges . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . To bed with him . Ab asino delapsi . Nothing to the purpose . Deum Terminum agit . He is very imperious . Pi●ci dixeris . I le never speak word of it Minus aleae . Lesse hazard . Inficiali statui non erat locus . There was no denying of — His oculis vidi . As cleare as the Sunne . Silenum agens . An horrible swaggerer . Eodem colore . With the same pretence . Cicada alâ correpta . You talke like a Parrat . Tales & meliores nectam è stipulis fabarum . I will make as good of a pease straw wispe . Aureo piscatur hamo . He biddes faire . Favente Mercurio ditescere . To live by cheating . Tragicam periodum mihi narras . A lamentable bearing . Mulso & placentis pascere . To keepe at racke and manger . Tibi dico malè , non vale . A shame on you . Annus diésque emortualis . The day and yeare of his death . Ab incolis accolísque frequentatur . Is come to farre and neare . Fidem datam liberare . To bee as good as his word ▪ Viri evirati . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Effeminate . Deaster quispiam . Some godling . Aequissimo fereba● equo . I rode on an ambling nagge Timidinun quam statuêre trophaeum . Faint heart never wonne faire Lady . Bonus Servatius facit bo●um Bonifacium & Vincentium . Frugality is the way to get wealth . Fercula nullis ornata macellis Dapes inemptae . Coena terrestris . Coena exanguis . Hortus plebei macellam . Hortus altera succidia . Poore cheare , country fare . Nobilis equus umbra virgae regitur . A word will doe more with some than — Semper sunt otia pigris , ignavis semper fer●ae . A weake backe complai●●s of a light burthen . Et ( qui mos populo ) venturus amatur . Men mad of mutation , hee is never good till gone . Horis surreptitiis . At spare times . Tutemet . Your owne selfe . Periclitari viriculas meas volo . I will venture a limbe . Hoc quicquid est scriptiunculae . This poore stuffe . Jam tunc . Just now . Jam nunc . Just then . Nihil illo tenacius . An hard man or covetous . Tu mihi voluptatem narras . I am glad to heare it . Cor mihi salit My heart leapes for joy . Tunc revixerit spes . Some hopes . Ne diutius eneca . Tell me at once . Redit Vulcanus qui Mercurius abierat . Hee comes lame home that went nimble . Zonam inanem . Purse penny lesse . Homo quovis damâ fugacior . A very craven . Malis agi furiis . The devill is in them . Mentiris splendidè . You lye with a latchet . Accinet mihi haud suave encomium . Conne me small thankes . Sed divino . But I ghesse . Nec profanis parcitum est nec fanis . All to the pot , — no shed . Insanire cum multis . To doe as most . Audivi ex Rabbinis . The Doctours say . Bona spes habebat animum . I was in good hope . Extra jocum . In sober sadnesse . Ficulnum praesidium . A poore shift . Cui minimum est frontis ac bonae mentis . Some brazen faced fellow . — Wainscote . Conscientiam mihi è serena nubilam reddis . You trouble my conscience . In multam lucem ster●is . You lie long in bed . Ut aegrè divellitur à nido ●epefacto cuculus ! Loath to rise . Vix dum diluxit . It is not day yet . Tuis oculis multa adhuc nox est Your shop windowes are shut downe . Nox concubia . Midnight . Move te ocyù● . Bestirre you . Moves , sed nihil promoves . As good sit still . Ut incedit testudo ! How like a snaile bee goes ! Non possum simul sorbere & fl●re . Can I doe all at once ? Ut responsat nebulo ? How you talke sirrah ? Imperiosum habeo dominum . Hard to please . Vapulabis largiter . I will cudgell your coat . Heus furcifer . You sirrah ! So h●e ! Panis furfuraceus . Browne bread . Thoracem undulatum . A chamblet dublet . Ad quem dies es profecturus ? When goe you ? Mercator pannarius . A woollen draper . Mittam propediem . I will send very shortly . Rogabis eum meis verbis Intreat him in my name . Quanti venalis ? What will it cost ? Non habet domi unde vel murem pascas . A very poore man. Vide ut memineris . Remember it . Exterge ocreas subuvido panno . Wipe my bootes with a we● cloath . Ungere ocreas ad ignem To grease bootes . Non aula natus sed in caula . A clowne . Compone te in rectum corporis statum . Stand up . Aperi caput . Stand bare , put off your hat Nè sint gesticulosae manus . Leave fidling with your fingers . Istuc tene . Keepe you there . Si id pace liceat tuâ . If you please to give mee leave . Nè praecipites sermonem . Speake not so fast . Palato nè immurmures . Speake out . Si instabitur . If he will force it on you . Nèsis linguâ futili . A very blab ▪ Subducito te à mensa . Rise from table . Extorquere ludendi veniam . To begge leave to play . Citius clavam ex Herculis manu extorseris . As soone get a fart of ● dead man. Non admodum verecundae frontis . A bold beacham . Quem non illicò protelet Whom he cannot stave off . Sensum hominis pulchrè callet . Hee knowes how to handle him . Si te satis novi . If I be not deceived . Insidio sa civilitas . Full of curtesie full of craft Capitis mei periculo . I will pawne my life on it . Periculo culi . On danger of a whipping . Propediem faciam . Within this day or two . Ad me recipio . I will undertake . Nolim te vanâ lactare spe . I will delay you no longer . Ventis & amne secundo successit . Very happily . Ex sententia cadunt omnia . As heart could wish . Litâsti Rhamnusiae . You have the lucke on it . Pulchrè nobis cecidit haec alea. Good lucke . Amicus minimè aulicus . A true friend , substantiall no complementour . Hoc nomine . In this respect . Quis Deus aut quis ven tus te illuc adegit ? What winde blew you hither ? Non admodum veri dissimile . Very like . Jam toto saeculo defideratum . Missed long . Nudior Lyberide . A poore snake . Siculis gerris vaniora . Very toyes . Cogor equidem pedibus ire in tuam sententiam . I am of your minde . Amicus egregiè charus . A very deare friend . Quae Pallas istuc tibi misit in mentem ? Who perswaded you ? Non Pallas sed Moria . It was mine owne indiscretion . Parum commodus compotor . No good fellow . Senatusconsultum . A common counsell . Dignius quod vino inscriberetur quàm aeri . Not worth the remembring . Ingens obambulat patera The cup w●lkes round . Valetudinis planè deploratae . Dangerously sicke . Extinctus amabitur idem He will be missed when hee is gone . Nè quid effutias incogitantius . Babble not of it . Jam corycaeis plena sunt omnia . Promoters , informers , tell tales . Nostri ordinis homines . Men of our fashion . Venatus sum sedulò , at parum favet Delia. I lost all my labour . Aureo piscati hamo . To come by by buying . Insigniter stulti . Begg'd fools , or borne fools . Suavius vivunt . Live more at heart ease . Istud quidem facis insolens . You are not wont so . Malo in hanc peccare partem . Offend on that hand . Nihil non experiar . I will try every way . Quomodo se res habent tuae ? How doth all ? Istuc ominis avertat deus God shield . Mirè tinniebat auris . They talke of me . Nihil magnificè de me loquitur . He spake ill of me . Quid est bonae rei ? What good newes ? Quid agis rei ? What are you doing ? Istud quidem nunquam non facis . You doe alwayes so . Amant alterna Camoenae Change doth well . Tuo more facis . You doe as you do alwayes Salsè me rides . I thanke you for that . Satyricum agis . Naso suspendis adunco You flout . Emoriar nisi . Dispeream nisi . Never trust me else . Quid causae est ? What is the matter ? Undae negotiorum quibus haud facilè est enatare . Multiplicity of businesse . Mihi non est integrum . It is not in my power . Obtundis me . You weary me . Hac lege mihi purgatus eris . I will take your excuse on - Cochleae vitam agere . Alwayes at home . Hoc coelum , This weather , Vide ut blanditur . See how faire it is . Congerro , confabulo , combibo , compotor . A good companion . Homo minimè mutus . A notable prater . Pratorum smaragdinum virorem . Greene medowes . Fontium vivas scatebras . Springs . Digna musis sedes . A pleasant place . Immodico studio teipsum maceras . You study too hard . Non ideò vivimus ut st●deamus , sed ideò studemus ut suaviter vivamus . Wee labour to live , not live to labour . Immorari probo , immori non probo . It is good to have an insight into every thing . Calles Gallicè ? Can you speake French ? Sonásne probè sermonem Gallicum ? Doe you pronounce right ? Non te remorabor diutius I will stay you no longer . Negotiola quaedam me aliò vocant . I have businesse . Incertus sum , sedvisam . I know not , I will goe see . Tibi ipsi sis Mercurius . Be your owne man. Sed nullis ille movetur fletibus , aut voces ullas tractabiles audit . Inexorable — There is no perswading of him . Harum ad te literarum occasio est . The cause of my writing is . Summo me officio sum máque ob●ervantia tibi in perpetuum devinxeris . You will endeare mee to you for ever . Tam mihi gratum erit quàm quod gra●issimum You can never doe mee a better turne . Observantissimus vestri . Your observant servant Studiosissimus vestri . Your respective friend . Unus ex meis intimis . One whom I dearely love . Vehementer te rogo . I pray you of all loves . Nihil te ad me scripsisse demiror . I wonder I heard not from you . Pergratum mihi feceris . You shall doe me a kindnes . Tuâ necessitudine dignissimus . One worthy of your acquaintance . Quem maximis meis ornaveram ben●ficiis . Whom I had done much for . Ipse fortassis ero certior I shall resolve on something Valetudinē tuam cura . Valetudinem tuam velim cures diligentissimè . Fac ut valeas . Da operam ut convalescas . Quantum me diligis tantum fac ut valeas Looke well to your health . Faciam te statim certiorem . I will let you know . Si quid acciderit novi facies ut sciam . Let me know what newes Quod opus erit ut res tempúsque postulat administres atque provideas . Doe as you may . Ad me quàm saepissimè literas mittas . Send , write as oft as you can . Et scriptum & nunciatum est . It is both told and written Te in febrim incidisse subitò . That you are falne into an ague . Mihi erat in animo . It was my purpose . Fecisti mihi gratum . You have done mee a kindnesse . Nihil certi habemus . We have no certainty . Redditae sunt mihi jam tandem literae . I have now at last received letters . Opinione celerius venturus est . Hee will bee heere on the suddaine . Cùm constituero . When I am fully resolved . Si quid haberem certi quod ad te scriberem . If I had any thing worth writing . Mutavi consilium . My minde is changed . In maximis meis doloribus excruciat me . It much grieves me . Tibi aequè magnae curae esse certo scio . I know full well your care is as great . Video ita esse faciendum . I see I must be faine so to doe . Metuo nè id ceperim confili● quod non facile est explicare . I am afraid I have taken a wrong course . Q●à● raptissi nè raptius In more than poste haste . Negotia me multa impedierunt quae ne nunc expedita sunt . Many distractions hinder me from — Quantum potes nos adju●a . Doe us what good you can . Mihi in mentem non venit . I cannot imagine . ●n viam quod te des hoc tempore nihil est . You need take no journey now . Doleo nostrâ factum esse negligentiâ . I am sorry it was our faults . ●ongè alia in fortuna sum . I am farre worse . ●irabar nihil esse à te literarum . I wond●r I never heard of you . ●go hic Londini jam non sederem si — I had not staid all this while if — ●ùm commodè & per valetudinem & per anni tempus venire poteris . When you can , come . ●●mo me amat qui te non diligit . All my friends are yours too . ●rus omnibus expectatúsque venies . You shall bee heartily welcome . Non queo ad te nec lubet scribere . I nether can nor meane to tell you . Logismus iste meus Charientismus fuit non Sarcasmus . I meant you no harme . Intermissiones literarum tuarum . Your excuse is good . Ad omnia tua imperata paratus . Ready at your becke . Id nè saepiùs fàcias rogo . M●ke it not common . De quavis minimâ rescribe ad me . Write any thing . Imprimis tuas desiderio literas . I would faine heare of you Nec lectio proderit ni selectio supervenerit . Any reading makes not a scholar . Spes sua decollat . Hope hangs him . Vestris gratiis faventi●sque With your good leave . Atticae sirenes . Eloquent Greekes . Anathemate syderatus . An excommunicate person . Laeta satis principia — — Sed quid longa dies ? It is hony moone yet . Adverte huc animum . Minde this well . Perinde est . It is all one . Templi vox vocat . It rings all in . Nec dignus vindice nodus . Not worth the answering . Multi sortis exortes . Many goe a begging . Aut faciendo aut patiendo . You must finde or grinde . In aestimio veteribus . Much set by in old time . Res dura sed non durabilis . The world will mend . Tu mihi dabis hodiè poenas . Thou shalt smart for it now . Exolvere poenas . To pay soundly for it . Ut canem caedas facilè est invenire baculum . A man may easily picke an hole in a mans coate if he be disposed . Ex insidiis adoriri . To set upon by craft . Aperto Marte hostem lacessere . To challenge a Field . To challenge a Fight . Tergum dare . To runne away . Hasta , ●uncea . A wooden weapon . Recipere animum . To take heart of grace . Satis supérque . Enough and enough againe Spem pretio emere . To buy a pigge in a poke . Actum est de amicitiâ . Farewell friendship . Tritum dictum . An old thred bare saying . Oblatrantes caniculos cū contemptu praeterire . To passe by injuries , or to put up wrongs . E●haurire omne penu . To fetch out all a mans store . Explere lautitiam . To satisfie ones dainty tooth Corrugare frontem . To frowne upon a man. Invitare ad pocula . To drinke to one . Plùs fellis quàm mellis habet . It hath more sowre than sweet . Curarum sarcina . A pecke of troubles . A packe of cares . Plurimâ salute impertire . To send hearty commendation to one . Nigrior pice . As blacke as a coale . Candidior nive . Hederâ formosior albâ Cygnos vincere . As white as snow . Tollere cachinnum . Emori risu . To laugh as if one were tickled . Reddere talionem . To pay a man home . Amicus mensae tuae Amicus fortunae tuae A trencher friend . Benè tecum actum erit . It will be well for you . Blandiri alicui . To fawne upon one . Asinus ad lyram . A blocke head , a flock pa●e Invitâ Minervâ quippiam aggredi . To doe any thing against nature . Inire foedus . To make a league . Sensim , pedetentim . By little and little . Esse risui . Esse contemptui . Esse materiae joci & scommatum . To be a laughing stocke . Surdo canere . To knocke at a deafe mans doore . Gratum alicui facere Pergratū alicui facere To doe a man a kind turne . Verbere & verbo increpare . To strike and raile upon a man. Pulsare fores . To knocke at a doore . Per rimulas lupum video Peepe I see or I smell a knave . Ire inficias . To deny . Vim vi repellere . To defend or save himselfe . Vitreum vas lambere pultem autem non attingere . To lick● his lips after that hee cannot get , or nothing to the purpose . Alimenta in hyemem reponere . To provide for a rainy day Ultimum quadrantem solvere . To pay every penny and farthing . In diem vivere . To make even at years end Benè audire . To have a good report . Vina & pastillos sapere . To fare daintily . Grana & fluenta sapere . Homely cheare or to f●re hardly . Verborum ambage morari . To tell a tale of a tub . Conjicere se in pedes . Injicere se in pedes . To take him to his heeles . Ad se redire . To come to himselfe . Nec sui memor nec modestiae . As proud as a peacocke . Deficere ad hostem . To play the turne coate . Hodiè me postremum vides . You shall not see mee againe . Te per amicitiam & amorem obsecro . I pray thee of all loves . Dabo operam . I will doe what I can . Hoc tibi cordi est . This is as you 'ld have it . Hujus auxilio fretus sum . I trust to his helpe . Fac apud te sies . Looke that your eyes bee your owne . Looke that your wits bee your owne . Praestò sum . I am at hand . Praeter spem evenit . More than I look'd for . Animum ad studia appulit . Hee set his minde to his booke . Utinam aut hic surdus aut haec muta facta sit . I would that either he was deafe or she dumbe . In portu navigo . I am out of danger . Perscitus puer . A goodly childe . Deus quaeso ut sit superstes . God grant him long to live Itáne contemnor abs te ? Doe you love me no better ? Quid ego agam habeo . I have businesse enough . Nihil jam mutire audeo . I dare not tell a word . Nec tu hoc posterius dicas id meo factum consilio . Say not I wisht you to doe it . Optatò advenis . Well met . Amicitia nostra incoepta à parvis cum aetate accrevit simul . We loved one another ever since wee were little ones . Ita mihi videtur . I thinke so . Intimus eorum consiliis . Chiefe of their counsell . Jam advesperascit . It is almost night . Oro & exoro . I pray and entreate . Pretium ob stultitiam fero . I am served right enough . Impudentissima eorum oratio est . A shamelesse speech . Proximus egomet mihi . I love you well , but my selfe better . Davus interturbat omnia That foole spoiles all . Capitis periculum adire . To venture his life . Ocyor pylis & agente nymbos ocyor Euro . As swift as an arrow . Nunquam frontem porrigere . To be alwayes dumpish . Impunè evadere . To scape scotfree . Risu prorsus & ludo digna res . A pretty jest . I prae , sequar . Leade mee the way , I will follow . Nec Hippocrati nec Galeno c●re An excellent Physitian . Ex eodem ore calidum & frigidum efflare . To blow hot and cold with the same breath . E sartagine in igne● ▪ Out of the frying pan into the fire . Expecto quid velis . What would you ? Quin tu uno verbo dic . Speake in a word . Excessit ex Ephebis . At mans estate . Sapienter vitam instituit . He takes a good course . Vereor nè quid apportat mali . I doubt some mischiefe will follow . Lanâ ac telâ victum quaerere . To get ones living by carding and spinning . Percussit mihi animum . It went to my heart . Sine meo me vivere modo . Let mee doe after mine owne fashion . Manibus pedibúsque obnixè facere . To doe a thing carefully . Nulli verbum fecit . He spake not a word of it . Verberibus caedere . To curry a mans hide , to beat . Bona verba quaeso . Nè saevi tantoperè . Be good in your office . Verba dare alicui . To deceive one . Pereo funditus . I am utterly undone . Laborat dolore capitis . His head aketh . Te in germani fratris dilexi loco . I love thee as my brother . Abi hinc in malam crucem . Get thee hence with a mischiefe . Neque consilii locum habeo neque auxilii copiam . I can doe you good neither by counsell nor helpe . Tacent satis laudant . They like it well , for they say nothing . Facere periculū in literis . To try his scholarship . Neque pugnas narrat neque cicatrices suas ostentat . He br●●gs not of his valour . Quantò magis magísque cogito . The more I thinke of it . Aut dicat quod vult aut molestus ne siet . Let him either tell mee his busines or not trouble me . Nemo est quem ego magis nunc videre cupe rem quàm te . I would faine see thee . Perstrepunt ita ut fit , domini ubi absunt . They keepe a coyle as if their master were gone . An ego occasionem mihi ostentatam tam brevem tam optatam tam insperatam amitterem Should I let so fit an occasion slip ? Ille erat honestâ facie & liberali . He had a good honest well favoured face . Vetus , vietus , veternosus senex , colore mustelino . An old , withered riveled , and tanned thiefe . Ego illius ferre possum ineptias & magnifica verba . I can beare them so long as they be but words . Huic ipsi opus est patrono quem tu defensorem paras . Hee had neede first helpe himselfe before hee helpe thee Hanccine ego contumeliam tam insignem in me accipiam ? Shall I take this at his hand ? Animus est in patinis . His minde is on his halfe penny . Ovem lupo committere . To set a fox to keepe geese . Unam hanc noxam mitte si aliam unquam admisero occidito . Forgive mee this one time , if ever I doe so againe then — Dehinc spero aeternam inter nos gratiam fore . I hope we shall henceforth be alwayes friends . Ego me tuae commendo & committo fidei . I referre my selfe to your honesty . Id mihi puto palmarium . They 'l praise me for that . Ex jure hesterno panem atrum vorare . To fare hardly . Satis diù jam hoc saxum volvo . I have beene long enough in this matter . Ne cui vestrum sit mirum Wonder not . Experimini in utramque partem ingenium quid posset meum . Try what I can doe . Corradere divitias . To scrape up wealth . Mihi magna cum eo jam inde usque à pueritia semper fuit familiaritas I was alwayes acquainted with him of a childe . Voluptatem magnam nuncias . You bring good newes . Surdo narrare fabulam . To sing before a deafe mans doore . Religio est mihi ita dicere My conscience will not let me else . Tum demùm te amicum putabo , cum benevolentiam erga me tuam re expertus fuero . I then will beleeve thou lovest mee , when I have tryed thee . Quantum conjecturam racio . As farre as I can ghesse . In utramvis aurem otiosè dormire . Never to breake his sleepe for the matter . To be idle . Omnes mihi labores quos coepi fuere leves . I thought my labour but little . Victum vulgò quaerere . To goe a begging . Fenestram ad nequitiam patefacere latissimam . To open a way to all naughtinesse . Somnum h●r●lè hac nocte oculis non vidi meis I slept not a winke this night . Provinciam duram suscepisti . An hard taske . Homo pistrino dignus . Hee deserves the gallowes . Acta res est . The matter is past helpe . Homo frugi . A thrifty fellow . Quo ore appellabo hominem ? With what face can I speak to him ? Palmam ferre . To beare away the bell . Quid si coelum ruat ? A likely matter . Argentum cudo quod tibi dem . I am gathering up money to pay thee . Aliis quod licet tibi non licet . You must not doe as others doe . Q●antâ de spe decidi ? How am I deceived ? Ad rastros res redit mihi . I am utterly undone . Latet anguis in herbâ . The still sow eates up all the draffe . Graphicè aliquid depingere . To set out a thing in his colours . Ad vivum resecare . To search to the quicke . Impingere colaphū Prisciano . To speake false Latine . To break Priscians head Mordicus aliquid tenere . To hold a thing obstinately Despondere animum . To be out of heart . Resumere animum . To take heart . Inire gratiam cum populo . To curry favour with the common people . Susque deque omnia habeo . I care not whither the world goe . Comminùs pugnare . To fight neare at hand Eminus pugnare . To fight farre off . Homo perfectus quadratus & omnibus suis numeris absolutus . A perfect and absolute man Naufragium famae facere To loose ones credit . Litem perdere . Causâ cadere . To be cast in law . E vaginâ gladium educere . To draw a sword . Capite plecti . Capite damnari . To be condemned to die . Extricare se ex insidiis . To winde ones selfe out of danger . Ille est prora & puppis hujus negotii . Hee is all and all in this matter . Unicè & intimè te diligo I love thee dearely . Praemonitus praemunitus Forewarned forearmed . Clavum Reip. tenere . To govern the cōmōwealth Homo sui juris . His owne man. Dolere alicujus vicem . To grieve for ones misfortune . Praestare fidem . Stare promissis . To keepe promise . Rubigine obductus . Situ vilescens . Rusty . Correptus est febre . He is sicke of an ague . Imbibere elementa doctrinae . To learne the principles . Obstrepere alicui . To be troublesome to one . E regione sedere . Ex opposito sedere . To sit over against one . Insinuare se in alicujus soci●tatem . To creepe into ones company Res antiqua & antiquata A thing old and out of use . Ultra posse non est esse . I can do no more than I can Animitus mordere . To grieve to the gall . Non sum solvendo . I am not able to pay . Opportun è venis . You come in pudding time . Utis absque torre . Thou art angry without a cause . Erogare stipem pauperibus . To give almes . Homo perfrictae frontis . A brasen faced fellow . Hoc tibi acceptum fero . I thanke thee for this . Suffundi pudore . To be ashamed . Hostes fusi & fugati sunt . The enemies are discōfited . Ab●●t verbo invidia . Though I say it that should not say it . Ingruente Hyeme . In the beginning of winter Scribere de integro . To write anew . Relegari in exilium . To be banished . Saluta fratrem meo nomine . Commend mee to thy brother . Fretus humanitate alicujus . Trusting to his curtesie . Affabrè factum fuit . It was cleanly done . Malè audire . To be ill spoken of . Quo nomine ? In what respect ? Animadvertere in aliquē To punish one . Non haesitabat facere . Absque haesitatione fecit He made no bones of it . Spes gregis . The best of your company . Summam & extremam manum operi dare . To finish a worke . Olere hircum . To stinke . Homo habet acetum in pectore . He is a sharpe fellow . Nullâ interjectâ morâ . Without delay . Suffusus sum incredibili voluptate . I greatly rejoyce . Aniles fabulae . Old wives tales . Hoc faciam te invito . I le doe this in spite of thee . Me latet , me fugit . I know not . Ego illi plurimum debeo I'm much beholding to him Lupus est in fabula . He is here we talke of . Execrari . Diris devovere aliquē . To curse one . Inter sacrum & saxum haereo . I am in a quandary . Radices agere . Radicitus extirpari . To take roote . Funditus extirpari . To bee rooted up from the bottome . In frusta discerpere . To pull in pieces . Aucupari famam . To hunt for praise . A consiliis esse alicui . To be ones Counsellour . Gestit animus meminisse I rejoyce to remember it . Exploratum est mihi . I know it well . Coram loqui . To speake face to face . Nè verbum quidem fecit . He spake not a word . Horret animus meminisse It grieves me to remember A consiliis Regi . Counsellour to the King. Non quadrat bonis moribus . It is no good manners . Inducias agere . To make truce . Excubias agere . To scout watch . Sisti coram judice . To appeare before a judge De ●ana caprim contendere . De asini umbra . contendere . To strive about nothing . Res eôdem rediit . The matter is at that passe . Refricare rei memoriam . To call a thing to minde . Invi●â Minervâ aliquid agere . To doe a thing against nature . Aquila non capit muscas . He scornes to speake to me . Ut brevi expediam . That I m●y end in a word . Ego hoc antiquissimum habeo . I preferre this before all . Hoc hujus rei caput est . This is the principall thing . Excutiam tibi dentes . I le dash out thy teeth . Ovis incubare . To sit on egges . Aethiopem lavare . Aquam ●ribro h●urire Operā & oleū perdere To labour in vaine . Nè tantillum tibi concedam . I will not yeeld an inch . Interpellare aliquem inter bibendum . To speake in ones cast . A carcere ad calcem . From the beginning to the end . Quasi ex ovo nata . A beautifull woman . A ●e salutem dic patri . Commend me to thy father Edere ad nauseam . To eate till he surfet . Conjicere se in pedes . To betake him to his heeles Terrae filius . A base fellow . Ille hic regnum possidet . He beares sway here . Nunc dierum . Hisce temporibus . Now a dayes . Trahere moram . Diem die producere . To delay . Unâ fid●liâ duos parietes dealbare . To dispatch two businesses wi●h one labour . Uno opere duo negotia perficere . Relinquere nuces . To leave boyes play . Onerare aliquem mendaciis . To belye one . Sole denigratus . Sun-burnt , tanned . Albus an ater sit homo nescio . I never saw the man. In more positum est . It is a custome . Sermo lepôre & facetiis condîtus . A witty speech . Ovem in fronte , lupum in corde gerit . He lookes like a Saint , but is a Devill . Davus sum non Oedipus . I meane plainly . Obthurare aures . To stop ones eares . Cudere mendacium . To coyne a lye . Legum repagula perfringere . To breake the lawes . Novi hominem ab ovo à teneris cunabulis . I knew him from his cradle . Occlusi os homini . I set him at non plus . Pro virili & viribus contendo . I doe my best . A remo ad tribunal . From a beggar to a gentleman . Adhibere lucernam in meridiem . To make along discourse about a needlesse matter . Alter ego . My speciall good friend . Desuo jure discedere . To yeeld of his owne right Coalescere in unum . To grow up together . Non licet omnibus adire Corinthum . Every one may not doe so . Profligare soporem . To drive away drowsinesse . Profligatissimus nebulo . A notable knave . Ciere turbas . To play reakes . Absit . Deus prohibeat . Deus avertat . God forbid . Capitali odio prosequi Cane pejus & angue odisse . To hate one deadly . Ego tibi hoc effectū dabo I will doe as much for thee . Omnes curas cogitationésque intendere . To doe ones best endeavour Ansam praebere . To give occasion . Provinciam quam nactus es adorna . Looke to the office thou hast undertaken . Quasi postliminio restit●i To bee restored after long disease . Animus mihi praesagit . I am so perswaded . Verecundiae limites transilire . To passe the bounds of modesty . Ex ejus ore melle dulcior fluebat oratio . He was an eloquent man. Nigro calculo notari . To be condemned to dye . Eandem cantilenam canere . Eandem incudem tundere . Idem saxum volvere . To sing alwayes the same song . Degustare , delibare Musas . Musas primis labiis attingere . Salutare Musas . To have but a taste of learning . In alienâ Repub. curiosum esse . To play the B●shop in another mans Diocesse . Adhuc sub judice lis est . The matter is not yet ended Homo abdomini deditus . A belly god . Subolet mihi nequitia tua I smell out your knavery . Patris effig●em animo & corpore exprimere . Insistere in vestigiis patris . Patrizari . To be like ones father . Enodare quaestionem Enucleare quaestionem To answer a question . Ex ungue leonem . Ex pede Herculem . To discerne of the whole by a little . Horae succisivae . Idle houres . Rem familiarem negligere . To play the ill husband . Omne onus in meos pro cumbit humeros . All the businesse lyes on my backe . Pupas Veneri dicare . To become a woman . Re integra . Before any hurt be done . Palinodiam canere . To recant . Causa laborat . His cause is naught . Omnium aures & oculi te custodiunt & speculantur . All mens eyes are set on thee . Tanquam pro focis & aris dimicare . To strive earnestly . Spem vultu simulat . He sets a good face on it . Ingurgirare se cibis . To glut onesselfe with meat Homo est par paucorum hominum . Hee is such an one as there is but few . Si verbis copia detur . If I may speake . Benè sit tibi . Much good doe it you . Lucis egens aer est . It is darke . Tyro in literis . A young scholar . Commisit homines inter se . Hee set them together by the eares . Indulgere genio alicujus . To pamper one . Bonis avibus . Luckely . Foelix memoria . A good memory . Pro re suâ . Pro facultatibus . According to ones ability . Spirare grandia & sesquipedalia verba projicere . To speake bigge words . Sicut noctua ad solem caligare . To bee as blinde as an ewle at noone day . Quinque retrò annis . Five yeares agoe . Mentis oculos perstringere . To blinde the understanding . Omni fide dignus testis . A sufficient witnesse . Descendere in arenam . To dispute . Subire aleam certaminis . To fight . Extra aleam fortunae positus . Out of danger . E medio tollere aliquem . To kill a man. In medium proferre . To bring to l●ght . Ex tripode dictum . Sibyllae folium . A true saying . Vitam alicujus petere . To seeke ones life . Illo nec melior nec clarior unquam fuit . Hee was one of a thousand . Nil praeter auditum habeo I speake by heare-say . Barba promissa . A long beard . Hoc mihi non arridet . This likes me not . Citius clavam ex Herculis manu extorquebis . Citius aquam ex pumice hauseris , quàm — You may as soone get a fart of a dead man. Tibi sunt certamina mecum . Thou and I will try . Non obscurè tecum agam I w●ll deale plainely with thee . Pro amicitiae nostrae jure te oro . I pray you in friendship . Satis audacter petis . You aske boldly enough . Tam mitis quàm qui mitissimus . He is as gentle as may be . A Musis aversus est . He hateth learni●g . Mearum fortunarum propugnator est . He defendeth both me and mine . Nullus est locus precibus relictus . Intreaty will doe no good . Ad aliorum vivit arbitrium , non ad suum . Hee is not at his owne liberty . Apprimè doctus est . He is a good scholar . Aliquem exemplis augere bonis . To give one good example . Servire scenae . To serve the time . Tibi ipsi sis Mercurius . Doe it your selfe . Versari in suâ arenâ . To bee cocke of his owne dunghill . Minus nihilo mihi est . I have nothing left . Dicto citius . Instantly . Multâ nocte . Late in the night . Tibi istic nec seritur nec metitur . Thou hast nothing to doe there . Macte virtute . Proceed in vertue . Liquidis liquefactus voluptatibus . Swallowed up with pleasure . Hoc feci te authore . You made me doe it . Fruges consumere natus . One good for nothing . Miscere coelum & terram To make burly burly . Agamus festum diem . Let us keepe holy day . Malè se res habet . The matter goes ill . Supra quàm credibile Majus fide est . More than a man would beleeve . Hoc uno sol nunquam vidit indignius . The most horrible thing that ever was heard of . Arbiter omnis abest . Nobody is by . In proverbii consuetudinem venit . It is growne a proverbe . Jam pridem in votis habui I long desired it . Verba tua apud me fidem non capiunt . I beleeve thee not . Ut ut erit . What ever comes of it . Sub cultro me reliquit . He left me in the briars . Epicuri de grege porcus . An epicure . Perere aliquem lapidibus To throw stones at one . Aliquē unguibus lacerare To scratch one . Animae deliquium pati . To be in a swoone . Veritatem propinare . To tell the truth . Cùm prima occasio affulserit . When occasion shall serve . Scriptores classici . Authores classici . Chiefe approved authours . Politioris literaturae viri . Learned men . Animae causâ . For recreation sake . Ad ravim usque clamitare To call till one be hoarse . Bibas & edas quantum velis usque ad affatim . Eate and drinke your belly full . Terram rastris insectari . To rake . Amplissimis muneribus aliquem cumulare . To reward bountifully . Desiderio alicujus contabescere . To pine away for ones company . Nè longum faciam . Nè diutiùs teneam . To be short . Quantū mutatus ab illo ? How is he changed ? Tesseram dare . To give a watch word . Urbs Martis rabie indomabilis . An invincible city . Ultra excelsas Herculis columnas protrudere . To banish out of the world . Senior & sanior populi pars . The better sort of people . Mentem de cardine detrudere . To disquiet the minde . Omnem virtutis aditum percludere . To step out all vertue . Hinc illae lachrymae . Th●s is the griefe . Improbitatem cum lacte imbibere . To bee wicked from the cradle . Libri tui cum blattis & tineis concertant . Thy bookes are musty for lacke of using . Navigare Anticyram . To be mad . Ejusdem farinae . Of the same ranke . Non coelo sed coeno delectari . A mucke worme . In rebus humanis hoc utramque paginam facit . Amongst men this is all in all . Habere delectum militū . To muster souldiers . Indicare aliquid in vulgus To make knowne abroad . Ab ●sino lanam quaerere . To seeke Moone shine in the water . Ab equis ad asinos . From a scholar to a carter . Adversus solem nè loquitor . Be not wilfull . Adrastia Nemesis . Pride will have a fall . Ajacis risus . A flow will have an ebbe . Alere luporum catulos . To bee reproached for ones good will. Alter Hercules . A painfull man. Alter Janus . A man very provident . Alterâ manu ignem , alterâ aquam ferre . To dissemble . Animus in pedes decidit . His heart is in his heeles . Ante victoriam encomium canis . You count your chickens before they be hatched . Apertae Musarum januae . Of an excellent wit. Aquam igni miscere . To unite contraries . Argenti fontes . A rich man. Asinus asino , & sus sui pulcher . Aske my fellow if I bee a thiefe . Asinus portans mysteria . A fellow taking more upon him than he can performe . Bellerophontis literae . To gather a rod for his owne taile . Baeotica Cantilena . A sweet beginning will have a sowre end . Baeotica aenigmata . Riddles . Cancer capit leporem . As true as the sea burneth . Canidas paleas asino ossa Chalke for cheese . Carpit citius aliquis quàm imitabitur . It is sooner condemned than amended . Cervinus vir . Better at flight than fight . Cilix haud facile verum dicit . Hee will sell his soule for money . Cervus canes trahit . The deare hunts the hounds Cibum in matulam immittere . To cast pearles before swine Citius usura currit quàm Heraclitus . To borrow on usury quickly brings poverty . Clavifindere ligna . Et securi fores aperire . To doe things preposterously . Cochleae vita . A sparing life . Convenerunt Attabas & Numenius . Two knaves well met together . Cretensis cùm Aegineta . Cretizare cum Cretensibus . To dissemble with the dissemblers . Crocodili lachrymae . Counterfeit sorrow . Cumani serò sapiunt . A day after the Faire . Cupidinum crumena porri folio vincta est . Love spares for no cost . De alieno liberalis . Free of anothers purse . Delio natatore eget . He needs an expositour . Destitutus ventis remos adhibe . If one meanes faile use another . Dionysius Corinthi . Alteration of fortune . Discum quàm doctorem adire malunt . They have more minde of pleasure than of profit . Duabus anchoris fultus . He hath two strings to his bow . Duobus pedibus fugere . To avoid danger speedily . Eadem oberrare chordâ . To commit the same fault often . Elephantem ex musca facere . To make a mountaine of a molehill . E multis paleis parum fructus colligo . I have bestowed much labour to little purpose . Endymionis somnum dormis . Thou art very idle . E perforato poculo bibere To powre out a man● whole minde . E Tantali horto fructus quaeris . To milke a bull . Epopa cum cygnis certat The goose strives with the swanne . Faciem perfricare . To be shamelesse . Filum nevisti , & acu opus est . Now thou hast begun now also make an end . Flamma fumo proxima . Fire followes smoake . Fluvius non semper fert secures . Though one have good lucke every one must not looke to have so . Gygis annulus . A sleighty deceit . Gallus infistit . A good cock will never out Halcyonis dies agis . Thou hast fortune at the becke . Herostrati gloria . Fame got by doing ill . Hinnulus leonem . A dwarfe challengeth Hercules . Hodiè nullus , cras maximus . A man suddenly promoted . Hydram secare . To meddle with edg'd tools Hydria in foribus . Base things not regarded . Ignem igni nè addas . Adde not evill to evill . Ilias malorum . A beadroll of mischiefe . In aquam sementem jacis . Thou art kinde to one unthankfull . Lerna malorum ▪ An heape of mischiefe . Machinas post bellum afferre . To be gossip when the child is christned . Magis mutus quàm piscis As mute as a fish . Manus manum lavat . One good turne deserves another . Manum de tabula . Soft and faire . Mari aquam addere . To grease a fat sow in the taile . Mortuo leon i vel lepores insultant . A living dogge will shake a dead lion by the taile . Non certatur de oleastre . The matter is not triviall . Penelop●s tel●m texere . To doe and undoe . Porcellus Acarnanius . One wallowing in sensuality . Pulchrè fefellit vulpem . The coozener was coozened Ranarum more bibere . To be alwayes tipling . Refricare cicatricem . To rub an old sore . Semper Africa novi aliquid apportat . Great travellers have alwayes some newes . Sydera coelo addere . To powre water into the sea . Syracusana mensa . Sybariticae dapes . A costly banquet . Taciturnior Pythagoreis Very silent . Taurum tollit qui vitulam sustulerit . Vse is all . Terebintio stultior . An arrant dolt . Testudo inter tegmen tuta . Better sit still than rise and fall . Thersitae facies . An ill looking face . Thraces foedera nesciunt . They have neither truth nor honesty . Titanicus aspectus . He lookes as if hee had eaten Bull biefe . Totus Echinus asper . A man hard to please . Tragoedias in nugis addere . To keepe a stirre about nothing . Triticum advexi & hordeum vendo . I have brought my hogges to a faire market . Tyria maria . Troublesome matters . Veneri suem immolare . To breake a mans head and then give him a plaister . Ululas Athenas . To bring fooles to Athens . Volam pedis ostendere . To sh●w a faire paire of heeles . Ut Argivum clypeum abstulerat ità gloriatur . Hee bragges as if hee had harrowed hell . Ad te tanquam ad asylum tanquam ad aram confugimus . Thou art our only refuge . Libri elephantini . Monstrous great bookes . In pistrinum te dedam . I le send you to Bridewell . Diis inferis devotus . Cursed to hell . Ignota capita , vel sine nomine turba . Men of no account . Homo incerti laris . A vagabond . Saliares dapes . Dainty dishes . Vapulavit intus in poscenio . Hee hath beene schooled at home soundly . Sapit barbariem . Olet spurcitiem . It smelles idlely . Tuam non moror morositatem . A fart for your anger . Quid tibi aegrè est ? What troubles you ? Crepat divitias . He bragges of his bagges . Est de scholâ nostrâ . He is our schoolfellow . Sed tu quâ es humanitate But you as you are a gentleman . Quîcum amantissimè vixi Who is my kinde friend . Quas malum ambages mihi commemoras ? What a deale of doe tell you me of ? Eò processit negligentiae ut nihil suprà . He was shamefully negligent . Plus satis , nimio plus , sat abundè . Over much . Nihil est quod vereare . Feare not man. Non est quod me moneas Tell me not . Diminuti capitis Prisciani arcessitur . Guilty of bloudshed for breaking Priscians head . Ego faciam ingratiis tibi . I le doe it in spite of you ▪ Impendio hactenus fuisti ingratus . You are very unthankfull . Animam debet . Hee owes more than hee is worth . Set your heart at rest . In utramvis aurem dormi Turne the buckle of your girdle behinde you . In arenam descendere . To challenge a field . In memorato habere . I le set on your skirts . I may forgive but not forget . Nauseat . He is falling of oakes . Lapis Lydius . He is old suresby . Lapis Herculeus . Olet lucernam . It smelles of elbow grease . Longùm valeat . Farewell it — As good lost as found . Minimo provocabis . You may whistle me out . Mitte quod scio , dic quod rogo , vel coeco apparet Tell me that I know not . It is a cleare case . Est illi ab aure . He is his secretary . A me salutem dic patri . Have mee commended to your father . Salvetis à meo filio . My sonne greeteth you . Hoc agam . I will doe this thing only . Nostrae parti timeo . I am afraid of our side . Apud te esto . Praesenti sis animo . Have your wits about you Quid multis moror ? Quid verbis opus est ? What need I say more ? Ego nego , factum ille instat . It is my say , his nay . Quo jure , quâve injuria . Be it right or wrong . Atqui ipsis commentum placet . They like it well enough . Haud auspicat● huc me attuli . I came in an unlucky time . Ego te commotum reddam . I will vexe every veine in your heart . Quadrupedem constringito . Binde him hand and foote . Vix sum apud me . I am scarce mine owne man Me missum facias quaeso . Let me alone I pray . Meritus es crucem . To the pot you goe . Pretium ob stultitiam habeo . I am served right enough . Nullus sum . I am undone , utterly blowne up . Nunquam quaesivi ego istud intelligere . It is beyond my reach . Intimus est eorū consiliis . He is of their counsell . Quid est quod me velis ? What is your pleasure with me ? Percussit mihi animum . It struck me to the heart . Ossitantes opprimimur . We are taken napping . Sine animum ut expleat suum . Let him take his belly full . Rediit jam in viam . He hath mended his manners . Nè temerè facias . Be well advised what you doe . Ejus vitae timeo . I am afraid it will cost him his life . Signa ei ad salutem sunt omnia . There are all signes of health in him . Hoc me malè habet . This troubleth me . Dictum puta . I know your minde . Haud muto factum . I will not repent . Sanè quidem . Yea mary . Obstupui , obmutui . I had not a word to say . Mihi non sit verisimile . I cannot beleeve it . Opprimere imprudenter . To take at unawares . Clam te est . You wote not of it . Et taedet & amore ardeo . I loathe and yet I love . Temporius venisti . You come timelier . Antiquitus . Of old time . In foeni-secio . In hay time . Carnisprivium . Lent , Shrovetide . Aqui●inus oculus . An hawkes eye . Incubare ovis . To sit , brood . Excudere ova . To hatch . Tritum proverbium . An old saying . Ager aut campus compascuus . Commons . Pannosus est . His rents are come in . Plus millies audivi . It is stale newes . Merasingeniorum cruces . Nothing but nicities . Peregrinatur animus . His minde is on wooll gathering . De gustatiunculam . A smacke . Satius ●ero quàm nunquam . Better late than never . Neque hoc morabor admodum . I slight that . Agyrta . A cheater or jugler . Humani generis excrementum . A very knave . Opus emendum & amandum . An excellent booke . Nec ipsa Deverra istis sordibus expurgandis sufficeret . Who can cleanse such a clowne ? Illud mihi est persuasissimum . I verily beleeve . Occupationibus aliorsum distractus . Very busie . Numen testor sanctissimum . God he knowes . In sacris cloacinae . At the privies . Conclamatae fidei . A knight of the poste . Instigat . He sets him on ▪ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Jack on both sides . Turnecoates . Prius discendum quàm docendum . First learne to creepe before you goe . Tolle tolle mazam quàm ocyssim è scarabeo . Hungry dogges will eate dirty puddings . Ruspatur . He scrapes in the dunghill . Aqua illis haeret . They are gravelled . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A miserable exchange . Sapiens ut phryx . Sir , I have paid for it . Ecquis homo est ? Is any man — ? Trahi in sequiorem partem . To set the byas the wrong way . Per totum , quâ patet , orbem . All the world over . Non sum usque adeò excors , aut oris duri . I am not starke either mad or shamelesse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . To hold with the hare and runne with the hound . Foelix otii non sum . I am full of businesse . Consultissimi Theologiae viri . The best Divines . Caeteroquin abeunt . They will not stay else . Qui beata in terris nacti sunt otia . They live at hearts ease . Quaero compendium sine dispendio . I love not gold that will not goe . Sifenestrato esses pectore If a man could see your heart . Aurem , ad omnem assentationis auram occlusi dudum . I hate these clawbackes . O vulpeculam hominis ! See the mans cunning ! Nihil auribus magis adversus audit . Hee loves not to heare on that eare . Non citius imperes quàm impetres . But aske and have . Gratiae quot in Myriade Monades . Thankes a thousand times . Literarum alas retardavit . Hath kept mee from writing . Vix repetere , nedum possum rependere . I cannot repeat , much lesse repay your kindnesse . In viam te mihi dato . Meet me halfe way . Me 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , accipe . Take me as I am . Tumultuariâ operâ . Hand over head . Haud ita pridem accepi . I heard the other day . Damnat●s ad metalla , inter pueros deartuor . I still teach boyes . Tui per Mercurium codicilli . Your letters brought by the carrier . Certat Phoebum supera re canendo . He is overmatched . Serò clypeum post vulnera sumo . It is too late to repent now . Incoctum generoso pectus honesto . A right honest man. Non nemo è nobis . All of us . Ab hoc malo est quicquid uspiam est mali . Th●s is the cause of all mischiefe . Mitius & remissius agendum est . Deale more fairely . Majus opus moveo . I have other wooll to toze . Nec genium habet nec ingenium . Hee hath neither wit nor lucke . Fulmineo saepè sine igne tonat . Hee saith more than hee meanes to doe . Manliana imperia . Imperious commands . Parcere personis , dicere de vitiis . To pay home and name no body . Et quis Herculem vituperat ? Who ever denied it ? Homo elegantulus . A spruce fellow . Nullum tri●unal recuso . Let any man judge . Agè , solem quoque meridie lucere nega . Deny this and deny all . Currente rotâ . In poste haste . Dura sunt ei viscera . He is made of flint . Expectoravit se mihi totum . Hee hath told mee all his minde , Majoritae fratres . Rich Parsons , fat Monkes . Minoritae , fratriculi , fratricelli . Poore Vicars . Odit licet non rodit . He hates though hee dares not hurt . Tonitru ab inferis emissum . The gunpowder treason . Impudentes magistelluli paedagogico fastu . Proud pedants . Vel fide meâ dejerâssem . I durst have sworne . Serenissima Britanniae Amazon . Queene ELIZABETH Trojam expugnâsse videtur . He bragges fearefully . Eruditionis sedem , sapientiae domicilium , literarum securissimum sacrarium , magnarum animarum prytaneum & quasi Capitolium aeternitatis . A Library , or Vniversity . Primâ fronte . At the first blush . In maternum sermonem transfundere . To translate . Vivi pervenimus illuc ? Have we lived to see this ? Ut autem quod res est dicam . That I may say the truth . Certo enim certius est . It is a plaine case . Ad rationis stateram expendere . To ponder well . Masculè se opponunt . They stand stoutly to it . Industria nostra non est adeò catapantica . We are not God Almighty . Subterf gium merum . A very creepe hole . Lubricum sanè aequilibrium . A very tickle point . Indiscriminatim omnes . Tagge and ragge . Doliares monachi , mercium pontificiarum clitellarii . The Popes packe horses . Exhausta est clepsydra . The gl●sse is runne . Lumbifragio decumbit . He hath broke his backe . Crurifragio decumbit . He hath broke his legge . Quàm dexterrumè . Very handsomely . In his temporū ulceribus . In these evill dayes . In hoc chartarum saeculo . In this writing age . Depexum mendici pallium . A thred bare coat . Ambit & exambit . He wooes and winnes . Provocare ad poëtas . To appeale to the Poets . Temerè factum . Hab nab . Dentes ad ea pruriebant . His teeth watered at it . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Lofty language . Parum abfuit quin. At the next doore by . Excandescit . His blood is up — As hot as a ●oste . Ego te scelus . I will sit on your skirts . Benè potus . Well whittled . Nec quid dixeris , sed quorsum ? Not what , but why ? Non omnes eadem mirantur amántque . Every man as he likes . Dentidolio laborat . Troubled with the tooth-ache . Non est ab Orco qui te reducat Orpheus . Who will helpe you ? Manum attrectas pressiusculè . You nip my hand . Penè expes . Almost hopelesse . Scythicam concionem narras . Heavy newes . Et auctor & actor hujus rei . He was the doe-all . FINIS . Junii 8. 1638. Imprimatur , Thomas Wykes . 
A35352	----	Sentences for children, English and Latine collected out of sundry authors long since / by Leonard Culman ; and now translated into English by Charles Hoole, for the first enterers into Latin. Sententiae pueriles anglo-latinae. English Culmann, Leonhard, 1498?-1562. 1658 Approx. 138 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 44 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A35352 Wing C7476 ESTC R22504 12233487 ocm 12233487 56654 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A35352) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 56654) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 138:9) Sentences for children, English and Latine collected out of sundry authors long since / by Leonard Culman ; and now translated into English by Charles Hoole, for the first enterers into Latin. Sententiae pueriles anglo-latinae. English Culmann, Leonhard, 1498?-1562. Hoole, Charles, 1610-1667. 41, 41 p. Printed for the Company of Stationers, London : 1658. English and Latin on opposite pages with duplicate numbering. Title on added t.p.: Sententiae pueriles anglo-latinae. Reproduction of original in British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Sentences. Latin language -- Terms and phrases. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-04 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-04 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion SENTENCES FOR CHILDREN English and Latine . Collected out of sundry Authors long since By LEONARD CVLMAN , And now translated into English By CHARLES HOOLE : For the first enterers into Latin. P. Antesignanus in his Epistle to the Saraei , brethren . Let others affect the opinion of learning ; I do plainly and ingenuously confess , I have seriously addicted my self both to fashion , and promote Childrens studies all that ever I can . LONDON . Printed for the Company of Stationers , 1658. SENTENTIAE PUERILES Anglo-Latinae . Quas è diversis Authoribus olim collegerat LEONARDVS CVLMAN , Et in vernaculum sermonem nuperrimè transtulit CAROLVS HOOLE : Pro primis Latinae Linguae Tyronibus . P. Antesignatus in Epist . ad Saraeos fratres . Doctrinae opinionem affectent alii ; ego pro mea virili parte me puerorum & formandis & promovendis studiis omnem meam operam addixisse apertè & ingenuè fateor . LONDINI . Sumptibus Societatis Stationariorum , 1658. Sentences ( or Sayings ) of Wisemen , collected for them that first enter to the Latine tongue . Sentences of two words . BE helpful to thy friends . Abstain from other Mens things . Conceal a secret . Be easie to be spoken to . Try thy friends . Fool-bardiness is dangerous . Make use of thy friends . Honour good Men. Be kind-spoken . Do well to good Men. Say well to all Men. Know thy self . Respect thy Kinsfolk . Follow concord . Hate slandering . Advise blamelesly . Fear cosenage . Keep a thing given . Restore a thing deposited . Accuse no Man. Give content to thy friends . Vse diligence . Keep thy credit . Drunkenness makes Men mad . Shun drunkeness . Exercise honesty . Judge indifferently . Take care of thy family : Do things that are just . Instruct thy children . Avoid filthy things . Avoid fallings out . Moderate thy passion . Put an end to brables . Judge justly . Maintain Justice . Keep thy Oath . Learn willingly . Avoid idle pastimes . Obey the Laws . Praise honest things . Rule thy tongue . Read over thy Bookes . Teach thy children . Hate strife . Think of mortal things . Be afraid of the Magistrate . Be cleanly . Give place to thy better . Forbear thy inferior . Stand in aw of thy Master . Please the multitude . Hate a lye . Shun a whore . Provoke no body . Mock no body . Swear not . Dispraise no body . Be against no body . Nothing is long-lasting . Please every body . Rule thine eyes . Be not idle . Aviod idleness . All things are changed . Love peace . Follow after godliness . Avoid disgrace . Honour the Prince . Rashness is dangerous . Obey the Prince . Keep Modesty . Keep thine own things . Exercise wisdom . Look at what is to come . Reverence thy Parents . Respect Religion . Honour the King. Moderate thy laughter . Seek what is right . Obey reason . Shun reports . Make use of wise men . Be sober . Salute ( men ) willingly . Reverence thy superior . Cast away suspition . Vse temperance . Observe the time . Dwel with thy self . Stick to the truth . Vse vertue . Hate violence . Moderate thy pleasure . Answer modestly . Keep modesty . Sentences of three words . LOVE overcometh all things . Self-love is blind . Weapons regard not Laws : Fortune doth help adventurous Men. Continual diligence overcometh the hardest things . A covetous person alwayes needeth . Nothing is more miserable than covetousnesse . Nothing is unconquerable with Gold. Art overcometh nature . A bow too much bent is broken . Do not covet other mens things . Abstain from vices . Monies do make friends . Covetousness is the head of vices . Some men excel others . Vsing ( to do a thing ) is most effectual . The end of War is uncertain . Be mindful of a courtesie received . The Fortune of War is doubtful . War is to be made by counsel . The life of Man is short . Old Men are twice Children ▪ Gods worship is an holy thing . The heart of Man is untamable . The heart of Man is wicked . Many faults are to be winked at . Every Comparison is odious . Every Man hath his gift . Gentlenesse getteth friends . Froward Folks are to be won by fair means . Conscience is a thousand Witnesses . Too much meat is hurtful . Anger is an enemy to Counsel . Covetousnessess is unsatiable : Covetousness of money is to be avoided . His misery is to be upbraded to no man. We must not answer raising speeches . Slothfulness breeds forgetfulness . Time brings many things about . It is hard to leave things that one is used to . Riches bring forth haughtiness . Time takes away grief . We must despair of no body . Gifts can do much . Offenders are to be Punished . Riches are the occasion of vices . It is a very hard thing to Conquer Nature . Kingdoms decay by discord . Those things are difficult which are honest . A rich mans speech is unwarie . Division doth lessen an estate . Try every thing that is doubtfull . The issue of things is doubtfull . Every rich man is unsatiable . Time is the Physician of grief . Exshcise is the best Master . Exercise can do all things . Equall things please equall men . Banishment doth grace many men . Nothing is more certain than triall . We are made wiser by age . Forgetfulness is the companion of drunkenness . Age is spoiled with wine . The end of Villanies is base . Rich men have many kinfolks . Felicity doth raise up enmities . Hunger is the best sauce . Fortune makes men insolent . Envy is a companion of prosperity . Fiercenesse is asswaged by mildnesse . A fool doth own the thing done . Women are unconstant . We must give way to fury . Shun things that are too lofty . Look at the end of thy life . Beauty is marred with Wine . Fortune doth help resolute men . Nothing is more miserable than hunger . Nothing is constant in this life . Age is fleeting . We must not believe a blab . Death is the end of misery . Joy is joyned to grief . One good turn begets another . Labour is the foundation of glory . Honour doth nourish arts . The Minds of men are various Money getteth honour . Humane chances are doubtful . There is an interchange of humane things . The end of sutes is unnhappy , The end of things is uncertain . Anger is the torment of it self Labours past are pleasant . Truth is in Wine . It is an hard thing to bridle Anger . Envy is a companion of boasting . The dispositions of men are diverse . Vnadvised men quickly fall to ruine . A discommodity must be sweetned with mirth . Necessity is a very great dart . God helps the painful person . Partnership is alwayes unfaithful . Inconstancy disdaineth friends . A thing unknown is not desired . Beggary is unsatiable . An injury is overcome with a good turn . The enterchange of things is pleasant . Every ignorant man is unconstant . Misfortune is to be objected to no body . It is an hard thing to bear wrongs . Praise stirreth up the wit. Strife doth breed strife . All things flourish by labour . The tongue hath destroyed many men . Labours are the foundation of glory . Keep in thy tongue with thy finger . Labour is a mans treasury . Praise is the reward of virtue . Nothing is sweeter than liberty . An evil Person doth seek his liberty . A thing evil gotten is quickly gone . Hunger teacheth many things . An evil thing is born by patience . The minde is foreknowing of a thing to come Silence adorneth a woman . It is a most miserable thing to die with hung Nothing is safe to mortal men . Gifts do catch men . Mutuall defence is most safe . Love teacheth musick . Death throws down all afore it . Death is unavoidable . Crosses hasten old age . Chastity is a womans dowry . Memory is the treasury of Arts. We must not answer railing terms . Nature is content with a few things . No body is born for himself . Believe nothing rashly . Thou oughtest not to lye . Necessity bath no law . Do not brag of thine own things . Do not despise other mens things . Do not back-bite any body . Nothing doth resist necessity . Necessity breaketh iron . Too much niggardliness is to be avoided . The night is void of shame . Do nothing too much . Nothing is greater than daily use . Faith is no where safe . Affirm nothing untried . It is in vain to resist nature . Nothing is more fleeting than time . Smooth carriage gets friends . Opportunity makes a thief . Wealth takes away friends . Every beginning if troublesome . Opportunity is not to neglected . Riches swiftly pass away . Hatred is abated by plyantness . Time affords all things . Riches are gotten by skil . Idleness is the rust of the wit. Povertry stirreth up arts . Let a Scholar obey his Master . All things obey Money . Rash counsel is unluky . Poverty bereaves us of friends . Things gotten are to be kept . Shame fastness is unprofitable for a beggar : The most voices overcome . Nothing is sweeter than ones Country . Putting off from day to day is odious . The beginning is the half of the whole . The things which hurt us , do teach us . Every land is ones Countrey . Too much laughter is to be avoided . Like things favour like . Like rejoyceth in the like . All slavery is miserable . Only fortunate men are loved . Sleep is the image of death . Hope preserves the afflicted . Study makes men courteous . Every one likes his own things best : The spring doth follow the winter . A fool doth speak foolish things . Studies do declare the mind . Chance turns all things upside down . Silence is safe every where . Proud men are hardly reformed ▪ The wise man is the only rich man. Hope doth sustain banished men . Every man pleaseth himself . Fulness doth breed fierceness . Idle persons have every day holy-day . The speech doth cure sorrow . Nothing is more profitable than silence . Time is a devourer of things . Time is short . Time runs away very swiftly . All things are changed in time . Time reveals all things . All things are dispatched in time ▪ Nothing is swifter than time . All things are done in time . Time doth asswage grief . The belly is without ears , ( i. e. ) it will not be perswaded . We lust after things forbidden . The speech of truth is plain . The judgement of the common people is fond . Vertue being commended doth increase . All things are consumed by use . The gifts of Men are diverse . Sentences of four words . OTher things become another Age. ( i. e. ) Some things become one Age , some another . Other Men have other faults . ( i. e. ) One Man hath one fault , and one another ▪ We must use friends with Modesty . Daily exercise can do all things . We must take heed of flattering persons . We know our friends in adversity . Good friends are rare . Old friendship is seldom abolished . Nothing is hard to a lover . Ambition is most mischievous in a Common-wealth . Friendship is to be preferred before all things . The year doth fructifie , not the earth , Every Mans mind is revealed by his speech . There is no discretion till towards years . Evils that one is used to , do not offend . Love is not curable . Crosses do of-times stir up the wit. A covetous King is pacified with Gold. The desire of a covetous Man is never satisfied . It is not a wise Mans part to be adventurous . Nothing is more precious than a faithful friend . Every thing hath a mean. There be few friends that admonish one freely . Modesty is beauty sufficient enough . Friendship refuseth no labour . The eyes especially win love . Covetous men cannot be satisfied . No vice is more mischievous than covetousness . Laws are like to spiders webs . One good turn doth alwaies provoke another . A benefit is to be measured by the mind of the giver . The upbraiding of a benefit is irksome . Civill war is a dangerous evill . Many good things are lost by being neglected . We must use good friends somewhat sparingly . All things become good men . Men are perswaded by good words . The matching of unequal parties is bad . Fearfull dogs do bark the more eagerly . Too much subtilty doth hurt sometimes . That is dear which is rare . Custome doth make all hard things easie . Counsel prevails much every where . A good conscience is very sweet . Custome is more prevalent than any tyrant . A common shipwrack is comfort to all . Counsell is unprofitable after the things are done . Wisedome is more precious than all riches . Care doth follow money as it increaseth . An enemy deceiveth when he flattereth . Friends are changed with fortune . Fear doth argue base spirits . Riches a burden to a good mind . Scholars delight in the company of scholars . It is a pleasant thing to remember labours . Our own country soyl is pleasant . The greater part is alwayes of the worst . Loss is to be preferred before base gain . Severall countreyes afford several things : A gift is valued by the minde of the giver , Riches are the cause of brablings . We ought to condemn no man rashly . A mans own miserie is to be concealed . A Rose doth not grow upon a sea-onyon . The idle hand brings want . Love is bred by looking at one . We are all made wiser by loss . Mourning possesseth the last of joy , ( i. e. ) After the greatest joy comes mourning . Drunkenness doth discover the greatest secrets of the mind . The greatest things arise from small beginnings . It is a common thing for men to mistake themselves . A sword must not be given to children . upbraiding of calamity must be cast to no man : ( i. e. ) No man must be upbraided with his calamity . Experience is the mistress of providence . Great things are made of little ones . Vices come from idleness . He that hath tried dangers is soon afraid of them . Prosperity hath many kinsfolks . Fortune is very like the wind . It is a bad thing to deceive other men : There is no certain knowledge of things to come . Thou shalt be made evil by the company of evil men . The company of evil men is to be avoided . The agreement of brethren is rare . Too high things are to be avoided . Faith is to be kept even towards an enemy . It is a grievous fault to speak things that are not to be spoken . Glory is not bought with monies . Men are prone to mischief . The fashion of a man is known by his speech : A mean kinde of life is the safest . Nothing is more intollerable than a fortunate fool . Angry folks do nothing well . Agreement is rare amongst brethren . Idle persons have alwaies holy-dayes . Vnthankfulness is the head of all vices . In every thing there is need of courage ▪ A friend is tried in adversity . Variety is delightfull in every thing . Laws are silent amongst weapons . Impatiency doth exasperate all things . Violence doth do all things ill-favoredly . Honour doth cost innumerable pains . Anger waxeth old the slowliest of all things . A good friend is a great treasure . Vnlooked for evils are more grievous . Glory hath a very great spur . ( i. e. ) It sets on apace . Envy doth torment its owner . Nothing is more mischievous than a bad tongue ▪ Carelesness breeds many mischiefs . Crosses oft times bestir the wit. Anger is not appeased by angriness . Labour is a treasure to men . Labour receives the glory of vertue . Hard labour overcometh all things . A longer life is a long-lasting calamity . Bear willingly that which must needs be . We must strive to do nothing our nature being against it . An evill weed dyeth not . The mind is a fore-teller of that which is to come . Many things are wanting to them that desire many things . It behoves a lyar to have a good memory . Bad gain is equal to loss . An Oake is hewen down with many blows . Froward persons interpret nothing well . Evill counsell is the worst to the counsellor . Nothing is dearer to men than money . Death is common to every age . Evil things are neer to good things . A fool is wise after the evil is received . Forced wits do answer badly ( i. e. ) make an ill proof . Modesty conduceth much to health . Miserable men use to envy happy men . Nature loves nothing that is solitary . It is a busie matter to contend in Law. Do not follow the errors of the common people . Quiet rest hath known few , ( i. e. ) few men enjoy quietness Nothing is more effectual than plain truth . Vndertake not things beyond thy power . Nothing is more filthy than a lecherous old-man . Nothing is more absurd than a covetous rich-man . No mortal man is absolutely blessed . Natures necessity is satisfied with a little . No man is hurt but from himself . Rashness doth much hurt men . No possession is better than that of friends . Nothing is more subject to misery than man. Nothing is sweeter than a friendly admonisher . Nothing is more common than to deceive men . Too much mildness is not allowed of . Fortune doth not alway smile upon one . Wealth procureth friends . No man can have all things . No man is wise at all times : It is the best to make use of another mans folly . All things are to be done in their own time . All things are quickly changed . The masters eye doth fatten the horse . Idleness doth teach many vices . It is the sweetest thing of all to receive . All good things consist in peace . We are all worse by too much liberty . The speech is the picture of the deeds . The eyes are more faithfull than the ears : Every soyl is a valiant mans countrey . Poor folks death is without noise . Poor folks words are to no purpose . Old mens opinions are the best . Small things are not to slighted . Soon-ripe wits do soon decay . His own country is most pleasant to every man. Nothing is better than publique concord . Goods increase by sparing and pains . It is a wise mans part not to take notice of many things . Nothing is pleasant to a troubled mind . It is a very hard thing to be an honest man. Stubborness is the companion of an haughty spirit . Honesty maketh a confident wit. Obedience is not to be given to a man when he doth amiss . Envy ceaseth after death . Mens minds grow wanton in prosperity . So many men , so many minds . Such a man , such a speech . Such a Prince , such a people . Every man flatters his own evils . What is more filthy than proud unskilfulness ? So many men so many opinions . As much you shall have , at so much you shall he valued . Such a question , such an answer . Asking advice is an holy thing . A fool understands a thing when it is done and past . We are all wise when a thing is past . Redness is the colour of vertue . There is seldome any calamity alone . Reason doth degenerate without exercise . Only men in miserie are free from envy . A mans quality is known by his talk . In is better to answer many men by silence . A calm doth easily follow a storm . His own trade maintains every man Nothing is more pleasant than old age that may take its ease Seasonoble talk is the best . Speech is the character of the mind . Her own King doth please the Queen . Sparing is too late in the bottom . Whosoever doth covet is alwaies poor . His own studies delight every man. We are able to do nothing without means . Nothing is better in the life than health . No man is born without faults . Too much wisdome is not wisdome . His own error is to be attributed to every one . We must attempt nothing beyond our strength . Every one is delighted in his own study . Hope bears up the minds af men . Dishonest gain doth bring loss . Time draws all things along with it . His own pleasure doth draw on every man. A friend is tried in time of adversity All things are more light in time . Immoderate Wine is a cause of mischief . Consultation is worse when the belly is full . The common sort do measure friendship by profit . The more seldome use commendeth pleasures . Where fear is , there shame is . Where friends are , there riches are . Where love is , there the eye is . Where the pain is , there the finger is . One man is no man. As every one is , so he speaketh . No possession is greater than verue . The changes of things are diverse . Faults cannot be concealed Vain-glory is not to be sought after . Sentences of more words . LEarn what thou mayest avoid by the fall of other men Shame is to be thrown away , as oft as necessity constrains A boar is oft , times held by a little dog . We are all disposed to idleness . Adversities are to be undergone with a patient minde . Flattery is the greatest plague in friendship . It is the duty of a young man to reverence his betters . So much it is to accustome ( ones-self ) in his young years Old age is more slow to all kind of learning : The doers and consenters are punished alike . One mans weale , is another mans bane . One mans wealth is another mans plunder . Another life , another course of living . A true friend is a great treasury . Friends are known in adversity . True love knoweth not how to keep any measure . A mind that is used so hardship , is less offended . Every mans mind is discovered by his speech . Art is hardly put to its shifts without the help of means . An Ass had rather have straw than gold . Gold hath oft-times perswaded men amiss . Eccellent learning is the staff of life . A benefit bestowed upon thankfull persons is wont to come home with profit . It is better to be honestly poor , than badly rich . The city is most happy , which is governed by wise men . Good laws are bred out of evil manners . That which is done to good men is not lost . Railing terms do not hurt good men . Good men come to good mens feasts of their own accord ▪ A dog doth alwaies haunt a poor stranger . An hasty bitch doth bring forth blinde whelps . An old dog cannot be wonted to a chain . Those things which are seen , are more certain than those that are heard . We are not quickly to believe what is spoken . Wise men conceal their evils at home . We must beware of him that hath once deceived us . Whatsoever is gotten by hire is dearer to us . You may better overcome one by advice , than angriness . There is no need of advising after a thing be done and past . Counsel is to be asked of men that are advised & discreet . Acquaintance is to had with honest men . Choose rather to have thy body grieved than thy minde . It is an hard thing to correct an evil nature . Being to take a journey , never make use of a naughty Companion . Custome is ever the most prevalent in all things . Care prevails much in every thing . We must not fall out with a friend that hath deserv'd well . He hath no friends whom fortune is against . It is main wisedom to play the fool in due seasons . Differing manners do follow differing studies . They that disagree are easily overcome , they that do agree , not easily . No man is beloved , but he to whom fortune is favourable . It is a hard thing to feign a jest with a heavy heart . He is a rich man who thinketh he wanteth nothing . Riches are gotten by labour , and are lost by prodigality . An ameuds is never made to God , our parents , and school-masters . A true friend is a hard thing to be found . When thou art rich rememher to do good to the poor . Learning is to no purpose , unless reason be joyned to it . A portion doth not make a good marriage , but vertue . It is an hard thing to leave those things which you have been long wonted to . Every one talks of his own matters . Whilest I cannot , as I desire , I live , as I can . Condemn no man before his cause be known . The vertue of parents is a great portion . Whilest the Cat sleepeth the Mice skip about . Wealth is given to none now , but rich men . It is harder to bear prosperity , than adversity . A learned poor man is prefered before an unlearned rich man. A great thing doth rise from a little beginning . A wise-man doth amend his own by another mans fault . We are made more wary by other mens mistakes . It is a banishment to a man , where he liveth not conveniently . It is an excellent virtue to be silent in matters . A sword doth wound the body , but the speech woundeth the mind . We our selves do not acknowledge our own fauls . It is the part of a valiant man to contemn a false ill report . It is the part a valiant man not to be troubled in adversity . One doth easilier advise other men , than himself . The discommodities of fortune do not at all trouble a wise man. Errour and repentance are the companions of haste . He is happily wise , who is wise by another mans danger . He will quickly finde a cudgel , that hath a mind to beat a Dog. A word doth quickly fly out , yet it never returneth . Prosperity doth undo one whilest it fawneth upon him . He is very happy , to whom no evil hath hapned in his life . Thou art happy whosoever shalt learn by another mans grief ▪ to be able to be free from thy own . It is an easie thing to conquer an absent man , that makes no resistance . He is wise to no purpose , that is not wise for himself . A cock can do very much upon his own dunghil . Vertue proceeding from a fair body is more pleasing . It is the best revenge to overcome an enemy by good turns . A mean fortune is more safe , than a lofty . The inheritance of a good name is more honest than that of riches . The guessing at a mans mind is difficult . A covetous man hastneth all things , whatsoever he doth . Calm waters have also their storms . The masters honesty makes also the family better . There is an old contest betwixt the mother in law , and the daughter in law . Things unlook'd for do fall out oftner than what you look for Famous wits never wanted emulators . He that willingly beareth the yoke , makes it light . The day it self is sometimes a mother sometimes a step-mother . Conceal thy misery , left thou make thy enemies merry . Huge wealth is not got without deceit . Ingratitude conteins all vices in its self . A discommodity is alwayes a companion of commodities . We are by nature quick sighted into other mens faults , not into our own . If you command your anger , you shall live a very healthfull life . It is a wearisome thing to busie our selves every where about several matters . In bad matters we had need of good counsel . A friend is known in adversity . We are not to slumber in a dangerous business . It is the property of one that doateth to wish things impossible to himself . Shame is unprofitable when necessity compelleth . We must bring a buyer of our selves to ware that will not off . Time tryeth friends , as the fire doth gold . An envious man waxeth lean at the prosperity of another . Sutes use to take away the quietness of the minde . A longer life useth to bring more inconveniences . He is commended , not who hath lived long , but who hath lived well . Evil gain alwaies bringeth loss . The sharpness of the mind waxeth dull by the riot of the body ▪ A man must be liberal , but according to his ability . No body would be bad unless there were gain . Men believe eye-witnesses more willingly than ear-witnesses . The burden that is born well is made light . Men are over-come by praise and compliancy . A wicked woman is more savage than all wilde beasts . A thrifty dame is not every where to be met with . A woman is the preservation or overthrow of a house . It is a most miserable kind of death to die with hunger . Evil communication corrupts good manners . Thoa shalt lose greater matters , unless thou keep small ones . Many things do befall a man , which he would not . A mean is to be accounted the best in all things . Many good things have befaln to many beyond their hope . Many envy the good things to others , which they want themselves . The manner of the speech useth to shew the disposition of the mind . He displeaseth many ▪ that humors himself too much . It is much better to remedy the beginnings than the end . Naughty company infects good manners . Be acquainted with your friends manners , but hate them not . All mortal things have many changes . Great things do decay by discord , they grow strong by concord . Every wise man and good man hateth a lie . Idleness doth occasion many mischiefs to men . It is a very great bevefit to know how to use poverty . Nothing is ours , that can be taken from us . There is no falling out , where there is the same minde . Have no commerce with wicked men . It matters not how long you live , but how well . Punish no man , unless you well consider the matter . Insult not over a miserable man ▪ lot is common . A good man is never made rich on a sudden . No living creature , no ware is harder to be known than a man. Thou must not live that thou mayest eat , but thou must eat that thou mayest live . Wisdome is gotten , not by age , but by wit. Goodness of wit will do thee no good , unless thou make use of it . Do not torment thy minde with cares . Stir not a bad matter that is well ended . Nothing is more base than to quarrel with a friend . There is no man , in whom there is not some fault . It is not a benefit , which is done for advantage . He maketh no small gain , that escapeth loss . Do not learn any filthiness , neither do you suffer it . Gold doth not set out a woman , but good manners . Nature hath not granted women to rule . A woman knoweth nothing , but what she hath a mind to . Nature doth not suffer a woman to bear rule . There is nothing happy on all parts . Nothing is worse than heaviness in things that concern men . Thou canst bear no burden more troublesome than poverty . I pray you do not believe all men withall things . Do not study to do mischief , presuming upon thy wealth . There is nothing so grievovs as poverty . Do not haste to be rich , lest you quickly become poor . Naughtiness of manners doth quickly infect nature . There is nothing so unkind , but you may make it friendly . Nothing is better than health in this life . No man doth so diligently look after other mens business , as he doth after his own . Do not go about that which cannot be done . There is nothing so long-lasting which continuall diligence cannot make easie . The night , love , and wine , do perswade filthy things . It hurts not any man to hold his peace , it hurts to have spoken . The same man cannot say many things , and to the purpose . There is nothing more odious , than that which is allwayes the same . It is an hard thing to take from nature it s own right . Fearn that is to be burnt grows in fields that are not husbanded . Servants do nothing well , unless the Master be by . All things do not befall , which you purpose in your mind . Every thing that is too much , is to be avoided in all things . We are rather to believe our eyes than our ears . Things devised for the best , do oft-times fall out for the worst . A man should alwayes learn something ( even ) when he grows old . All the best things have difficult ends . All men wish better to themselves than to another man. Every thing breeds errour by making haste . Every evil at its first coming up is easily suppressed . All delay though it be very little , doth seem very long . We must take that which we have at present , in good part . It is the best for one to take a fit time . Vndertake not a burden which thou art unfit for . Every superfluous thing doth flow from a full brest . Death is the utmost of all things . Those things which cannot be altered , are to be patiently born . Our fathers manners are not to be found fault withall , but endured . Few men are moderate in prosperity . Anger is the worst perswader in doing things . His own countrey is most pleasant to every man. We are wise for the most part after a thing be done . Horns shoot out on a sudden to Rams that are well fed . Anger and lust are the worst advisers . It is better to be envied than pittied . Very many things are to be known , but the best to be reteined . Rash anger is the causer of many evils . Medicines are to be applyed to a breeding evil . The beauty of the body is a brittle good thing . It presently appears what plant is fruit full . A little spark being neglected , hath caused a very great fire . It is a dangerous thing to adventure ones self to the waters . There is the most scarcity of the best things . It is the part of a wise man to do nothing rashly . Like are easily gathered together with like . Good ware doth quickly finde a chapman . Things past may be blamed , but they cannot be amended . More are overcome by fair means , than by hard means . It is a fine thing to know the season of every time . It is better to die than to lead a dishonest life . Grief will be well eased with sweet words . It is good to keep a measure in anger and pleasure . It is better to stand in need ; than to grow rich by wickedness It is better to hold ones peace , than to speak unseemly things One eye-witness is more worth than ten ear witnesses . The tongue kills more than the sword . Nothing is pleasant to a troubled heart . A fat belly doth not beget a fine wit. The smoke of our countrey is brighter than a strange fire . Every man hears more at home , than he doth abroad . Eyes see more than an eye . Honest deeds proceed from honest minds . It is a mans country wheresoever he lives well He is a poor man , not who hath little , but who desires much Naughty company brings forth bad fruit . When shame is lost , all vertue quickly decays . Things present make us to have consideration of things t● come . It is a fine thing to change injuries into curtesies . It doth children hurt to drink wine . That which is taken up suddenly is not long-lasting . Those things that are seen are more certain than those tha● are heard . What any one hath a great mind to , that he cannot forget . Thou must not do that which thou blamest others for . Whatsoever happens besides hope , account it to be gain : They that avoid labours , wish far holy-dayes . Whosoever refuseth labour , doth get no good . See often , what you say of any man , and to whom . It is not presently good which many men do . That which seems good to one man , seems bad to another : That which is not used to it , refuseth labour . He that hasteth too much , dispatcheth somewhat late , ( i. e. ) the most haste , the worst speed . He that knoweth not how to dissemble knoweth how to rule . He that hath enough , let him wish no more . He that knoweth not that he doth amiss , will not be corrected How many mischiefs doth idleness bring upon men ? You can corect by no pains , that which is inbred by nature , ( i. e. ) What is bred in the bone , will never out of the flesh . Every man is carefull about that ▪ which he hath a mind to He that bestoweth a benefit upon an unthankfull person loseth his labour . Whatsoever is natural , is not easily changed . He that catcheth at a double profit at once , is deceived of both ▪ What the destinies have decreed , no man can avoid . What is done cannot he undone . Let every man exercise himself in the art which he knoweth ▪ They that vaunt proudly of themselves , have bad neighbours . Those things are to be born patiently , which you suffer deservedly ▪ A contrary state is to be feared , especially in prosperity . Means cannot last when the charge exceeds the gain . A small matter in the beginning doth increase to a greater ▪ A thing hard to be done , is yet overcome by continual industry The custome of an evil thing is the worst that can be . Humane things are by nature prone to corruption . It is an evil thing to covet many things . He is a great King whosoever shall rule well . A friend that suffers with us , is a comfort in miserie . Prosperity maddeth , and destroyeth unwary men . Leisure and rest belong to old age . Wisdom is of-times under a thred-bare-cloak . Anger ariseth oft-times from very light causes . It is not an easie thing to fly without wings . A shril noise is a womans houshold goods . The best wits do oft-times lie hid in a secret place . Every one doth much approve of his own study . It is wisdom to learn of a wise man. The tongue must be ruled with a great deal of care . They are fools that will not be corrected . All fortune is not to be overcome by suffering . If you cannot do what you desire , you must desire what you can do . An old man is troublesome to young mens company . There is nothing more worthy than wisdome . A wise man hath all his wealth in himself . Never bewray the secrets of thine own mind . It is a base thing for a wise man to say , I wist not : Excellent vertue was ever envied by wicked men . An old man sees many things , which he would not . If you say what you list , you shall hear what you list not . Oft times all the people rue for a bad mans ill-doing . A fool is changed , just as the Moon . You may oft-times overcome him with patience , whom you cannot overcome with force . Things otherwise invincible may be overcome with money . It is better to remedy the beginning , than the end . The single-hand fight is but weak . Life is unpleasant without a friend to live with us . No man offends by being silent , but very often by speaking . We all in common despise things that are present . It repents every man of his own condition , he admires another mans . We can do nothing without Gods help . God doth alwayes bring like to like . We often embrace the worst things for good . A mind that guesseth too much aforehand , doth always fear ▪ It is better to be silent , than to utter things to be kept silent . The event is oft-times unlike the advise . The end and issue of a thing is ever to be looked at . No time is to be spent unprofitably . Such things will be said to you , as you shall say your self ▪ Men do then judge , when they begin to repent . Time brings the truth to light . A drunken man asleep is not to be awaked . Slowness in doing things is odious . Every one is valued so much worth , as he hath . Every man becomes such as they with whom he is familiar ▪ Bashfulness is a good sign in a young-man . Violence breeds hatred , and hatred dissentions . Strength doth no good without counsel . Where every one hath his treasure , there also he hath his heart . As your speech shall be , so shall you be answered . The will is oft-times to be commended , where power is wanting . Will and labour breed Arts. A Woman is alwayes wavering , and unconstant . A Wife that hath lost Chastity , hath lost all things . We learn our Wives faults after the marriage . Men are taken with pleasure , as fish are with an hook . Art is the only refuge in poverty . Get thy living as thou canst , but not by wickednesse . Nature hath given a defect to every thing created . Where one feels it smart , there he layeth his hand . Our life is like a bubble on the water . The pleasantness of Wine doth lessen the wearisomness of old age . Holy Sentences to be taught Scholars upon Holy-dayes . WE can do nothing without God. God requires the affection of the heart . The Lord is wont to be with the afflicted . All things depend upon God. We must not look after earthly things . A tree is known by its fruits . We must work well continually . Our crosses are from God. Covetousnesse doth cause forgetfulness of God. We add nothing to the word of God. All things are to be hoped for from the Lord alone . When the Word of God is lost , all things are lost . The welfare of the soul doth depend upon Gods Word . Covetous men do deride the Word of God. The Lord throweth down presumptuous men . Sin is derived to us from Adam . God bestoweth upon us all things that we need . Man is prone to vanity by nature . Help is to be expected from God. Covetousness doth blind , and harden the heart . God is the author of all works . The blessing of God makes all things fruitful . All good things are given to a believer . We are only the Stewards of our goods . The goodness of God doth clearly appear in all things . We must not make war , unless necessity compel us . They that first begin the war , are oft-times overcome . Kingdoms got by war , are lost by war. Good things befall the godly by the grace of God. Good works do prove faith . The blessing of the Lord doth nourish , and uphold believers . The knowledge of God is life eternal . All things are done by Gods decree : All things are possible to him that believeth : The counsels of God are not changed . All good things are communicated to believers . Christians are the Temple of God. Charity is the badge of believers . Charity is the fulfilling of the Law. There is no counsel against the Lord. Carnal men do not see the Kingdom of God. Sole confidence must be had in God. He that hath Christ by faith , hath all things . Christ is the treasure of all good things . The cross doth follow the confession of faith . Glory doth follow the Crosse . We must have a fellow feeling with all men . The cross is the trial of our faith . All things must be done with a sure conscience . Blindness is a punishment of the contempt of Gods Word . All things are to be done with advise , and industry . Every calamity is a punishment of sins . Believers commit all things to God. Believers in Christ have eternal life . The Church is to be governed by concord . All power is given to Christ . He that is of the truth , doth hear Christ . All creatures do obey Christ . The Kingdom of Christ shall endure for ever . There is no worship of God without faith . The counsel of God is immutable . All care is to be committed to God , Christ al ne doth deliver us from death . Nothing can be wanting to them that follow Christ . We must deal kindly with our enemies . The desire of having is the root of all evil . We must not trust in Man. Mens Counsels are ordered by God. There is no remedy against death . The will of God is to be looked at in all things . God doth help us in afflictions . God hath a care of us . We must blame nothing rashly . An account must be given of every idle word . God amends us by the cross . God is the Fountain of all good things . God helpeth his servants speedily . God alone is the searcher of hearts . Nothing is impossible to God. God is the maker of all things . God doth send help in time . God alone is everlasting . God is known by faith . God is the hope of the faithful ▪ Nothing is hidden to God. All things obey God. God ruleth all things . Every Doctrine must be tried . God hath subdued all things to man. God respecteth not persons . God seeth and heareth all things . Gods counsels are hidden from us . We must obey God rather than Men. God hath reserved all things for himself alone . We must add nothing to Gods commands . Riches come to us by Gods blessing . God doth deliver those that are his in his own time . The rich and the poor are of Gods making . Where God is not , there is nothing . Mans cunning can hide nothing from God. If God be against us , all creatures are against us ▪ God will not have men to be idle . The desire of Riches withdraws men from God. God feeds and preserves us beyond our care . God is a Spirit , and to be worshipped in Spirit . The works and counsels of God are unsearchable . God alone and freely forgives sin . God worketh all our good works in us . God admonishes us by his Word , before he doth punish . God correcteth his , but doth not cast them away . He that exalteth himself shall be made low . The examples of many men are not to be followed . Outward things do not defile a man. Those things befal not , which we determine , but which God hath decreed . It is blindness to minde outward things , and neglect the inward . The amendment of our life is made by the law of God. Foolishness is the punishment of drunkenness . Nothing is wanting to the faithful . The world hateth the faithful . Rage depraveth the judgement . Faith is the gift of God. Faith alone doth justifie . Faith is freely given . God respecteth faith . Works are the signes of faith . Faith makes us the Sons of God. Faith is tryed in adversity . The death of the faithful is life . God hath a care of faithful men . The faithful have enough in time of famine . Faith is the fountain of good works . Faith resteth upon the word of God. The care of things to come is unprofitable to us . The faithful do not perish for want of meat . True faith cannot be idle . Every ones faith is known by its fruits . Glory must be given to God , not to our selves . God heareth the groaning of the oppressed . Over-much talk is not without sin . Over-much talk is an argument of folly and lying . God by grace promiseth good things to them that are yet unborn . God lifteth up the humble . We must not trust in man. All things do serve man. God requires humility . Mans life is a warfare . Honour belongs only to God. Mens endeavours are unprofitable . Humane comforts do fail . Man is a living creature that is subject to calamity . Man is born to misery . Man receives all things from God. God bestowes his gifts upon the humble . Men are governed by wisdom , not by their own strength : God doth bring down all lofty things . Mans heart is wicked of its own nature . Humane reason acknowledges God. Man is the author of calamities to himself . It is the best revenge to overcome an enemy by a good turn . The Judgements of God are unsearchable . Disobedience is displeasing to God. It is a dangerous thing to judge other men . Infidelity defileth all things . We must judge after the cause be known . The counsels of wicked men do not prosper . Vnbelief is the root of all sins . Wicked men are overthrown by their own devises . Wicked men scorn Gods gifts . They that know not the Law of God , are accursed . All things are to be undertaken in the fear of God. It is a wicked mans pleasure to hurt another mans name ▪ We are saved in the name of Jesus only . We must not be lazie in good , works . What a wicked man most feareth , doth befall him . All things fall out ill to ungodly men . We must get our living by labour . God blesseth liberal men . We must labour to do good to our neighbour . The mirth of just men never endeth . Store of children is a very good gift of God. The longer life is a long-lasting misery . We must obey the Magistrate . The time of death is certain . Diseases come because of sin . We must give respect to our betters . God doth not do miracles rashly . Bad men are to be punished , that good men be not hurt . The mercy of God is the beginning of our welfare . The mercy of God is necessary for all men . A hard death comes after a good life . They that do not obey wholsome admonitions are lost . Death hath no authority over believers . A wicked Ruler is given to a wicked people . Evil is not put away by another evil , but by good . God doth make use of ill instruments . We must not judge rashly . No evil will go unpunished . Nothing is worse than ingratitude . We must speak evil of no man. No man is without sin . No man is innocent before God. No man is born for himself alone . A just man doth abuse nothing . Wicked men do not endure correction . There is nothing more easie , than to charge men falsly . No Prophet is accepted in his own Country . The number of Gods people is very small . We can do nothing of our selves . There is nothing more infectious than bad doctrine . God doth not forget his own . Nothing is blinder than a wicked mans heart . God regards no outward thing . You have not begun well enough , unless you go on to th' end God detesteth idlenesse . We are all sinners . All the works of men are impare . The workman is worthy of his meat . A new life is the best repentance . The lust of the eye deceiveth us . All our things are in the hands of God. All things are possible to him that believeth . God respecteth not the work , but the affection . All things are made for man. All things are made by the Word of God. All things are to be construed to the better sense . Opportunity is every where to be observed . Zaziness to pray is as evil sign . God doth cast down the mighty : The Lord makes much of the godly . Sin is the cause of death . Charity covereth sins . The punishment of wicked men is eternal . We ought to obey our Parents . The memory of godly men is eternal . God revengeth the poor . Sins are not done away by works . Sweet things are seasoned with bitter for the godly . All things fall out for good to the godly . A good Prince is given from the Lord. Sins are forgiven by the grace of God. God is most sure to feed his . That which is without faith is sin . There is no respect of persons with God. A poor mans wages must not be put off . God alone doth forgives sins . The world is governed by Gods providence ▪ God ready to favour us is the best inheritance . A child brings its sustenance with him into the world . He that coveteth to get more , getteth less . They that attempt great things , bring nothing to pass . The common-wealth flourisheth because of the godly . It shall be rendred to every one according to his deeds . Good admonitions make reprobates worse . We must use goods , but not trust in them . Let reprehension be without reproaching . Old age is to be reverenced . God destroyeth the proud . Evil company is to be avoided . The success is from God. Pride is the destroyer of souls . We must not give an offence to Children . Wisdom doth defend us , not weapons . It never went well with seditious persons . No man is saved without faith in Christ . No man is wise without the Word of God. Wise men endure correction . Satan can do no hurt , unless God give him leave . God makes void the counsels of wise men . Humane wisdom is folly in the things of God. We must be slow to be angry . Quietness is not to be looked for in this life . They that fear the Lord shall live well . The will of God is good . We are nourished by the Word of God. The will of God is firm . God forbiddeth revenge . The truth will alwayes have persecutors . A good wife is given by the Lord. Every one must look to his own calling The contempt of the truth is a very grievous sin . It is the greatest valour that can be to conquer our own lust . The more common , and ordinary Rules for Childrens behaviour . WHen you get up it a morning , begin the day in the name of the Father , and of the Son , and of the Holy Ghost . And commit your self to Christ by saying the Lords prayer , Thank God , that he hath given you a good night . And then pray , that he would bless that whole day to you , that you fall not into sin . When you come anon into the sight , bid your Father and your Mother good morrow . After that , comb your head , wash your face with your hands , that you may get you to the school as fast as can be . Before you go in , you shall pray that Christ would vouchsafe you his Spirit , because without his assistance , that which any one goeth about , is to no purpose . When you come into the school , be willing to attend , and what ever you do , do it heartily . Give a modest answer . Do not snappishly find fault with things that are amiss , but in a modest way . Above all things have a care you deserve not to be whipt . Do not offend your Master , or your fellows at all , either by word or deed . Rather teach , than conquer him that wrangles with you . When you are dismissed from the school , make haste home , and loyter not in the street . If you be to do any thing for your parents at home , be sure to go about it , and dispatch it . But if you have leisure to get by your self what was read to you before in the school , get it : for there is nothing more precious than time . Consider that it is irrevocable , and lost which is past . When dinner time comes spread the table , in due time . But before you set any thing upon the table , be sure to wash your pots and glasses . First of all ▪ the table cloth must be laid on the table , then the brass circle or ring , then the salt seller , after these the trenchers or plates , and last of all the bread . And in the same manner the table is got ready , so also it must be taken away . First the trenchers shall be taken up , then the salt meats , and the salt . After that the cheese , and whatsoever else there is of a second mess . Last of all the table-cloth , and the bread is taken away . Stand with your feet straight , and set together , carefully minding , that there be nothing wanting . And when any thing is to be filled , or reached , or set on , or taken away , do it mannerly . When you are sent any whither , make haste again . Say grace , or give God thanks before , and after meat . Do not trouble or interrupt other folks talk as you stand by , but when you are asked a question , give a short answer . Do not confound the pots , and flagons out of forgetfulness , so as to pour out one for another , if there be several sorts of wine . Do not forget the salt . Set not any thing that is cut or broken upon the table . Within even at supper-time , be sure to see to the snuffing of the candles , and that no ugly stink ●ffend the noses of the guests . When you snuff the candle , do not put it out . But do not use your self to slap up whatsoever is taken away from the table , or they have set up in the house . When grace is said , after all things are taken away , refresh your minde with some honest recreation amongst your fellows , till the time recall you from your play , into the School . And if it happen that you sit at the table , observe these things . First of all , have your nailes pared . Wash your hands . Sit up straight . Be content with the master of the house's placing you . Avoid drunkenness . Be sober . So shew your self merry , as that you alwaies remember what becomes your age . Put your hand to the dish last of all . If any thing more dainty than other be offered you , refuse i● modestly . If it be urged upon you , take it , and thank them . Presently , after you have cut off a little bit , give back again what is left , either to him , or some other that sits at the table . But give nothing back to another mans Wife , when her husband fits by . Likewise give nothing back to a Prince , or great man. For you may break , what you think is the best , for your Parent , Friend , or kinsfolk . If any dainty bit be offered you , as fish liver , and some such like things , taste sparingly of it , and give the rest about you . If any body drink to you , pledge him cheerfully . But drink sparingly your self , If you be not thirsty , yet put the cup to your lip . Look pleasantly on them that talk . Say nothing your self , unless you be asked . If any silthy thing be spoken , do not smile at it , but make a face , as though you understood it not . Back-bite no body at the table . Do not make as though you were a better man than another . Do not brag of your own things . Do not scorn other folks things . Be kind towards your fellows of a mean condition . Accuse no body . Be not a blab of your tongue . If you see the meal is too long , after you have crav'd leave , and saluted the guests , go away from the Table . Do not cut bread upon your breast . As you cut , hold not your fingers before the knife . Eat what is set before you , and by you . When you are to take any thing out of the dish , hold it upon the point of your knife . Do not lay your self over the meat , like a swine . Do not mix or jumble with your fingers , what things are orderly laid in a dish . When you are to eat an egg , cut your bread into little gobbets first . But have a care that nothing run beside . Eat your egg quickly . Throw not your shels again unbroken into the dish . Drink not , whilest you are eating an egg . As you eat it , do not daub your doublet . As you eat pepper too , do not lick it up with your finger . Do not wipe your lip-ends , or your nose with your sleeve as you are at meat . Wipe not your nose , but with your handkercher , and that civilly , and modestly . Scrape not off the snot with your finger . Put not your fingers into the salt seller , or salt-meat , or any thing seasoned with Pepper . Take not too thick nor too large morsels , but cut every one of them . Take nothing out of your mouth unto your trencher . Scratch not your head whilest you are at your meat . All lavish laughter is ill-favoured at a meal . When you are to drink , wipe the outside of your lips ( or your lip ends ) with two fingers . Let to grease or fat be seen to float in your cup. But drink not with your meat in your mouth , and before you have let it down . It is a clownish thing to eat and talk both at once . Likewise to teach , or yawn , or spit out often , is accounted an unmannerly thing too . It is accounted a wilde and rude thing , to lean upon ones elbow . It is a foolish thing to eat toasts out of a cup amongst a company of Men. Lean not backwards as Clowns use to do . Take what is enough in your spoon , and sup it up . As you sup it let none drop , and do not sup twice at 〈◊〉 spoonful . Do not sup again , till you have chewed and swallowed that down . It is the property of dogs to devour huge mouthfuls , and to gnaw bones . If any meat stick on the bones , cut it off handsomely with your knife . Do not rashly gaze about , to see what other guests cut , or have on their trenchers . Do not put into a pottinger what is once bitten or gnawn . It is an ill-favoured thing to throw bits of bones , or meat under the table . It is an unseemly thing too , to make clean ones teeth with his nails , tongue , or knife , but that is to be done when the feast is ended . Let your meat be moderate , and provoking mirth . Dine more sparingly . Sup more plentifully . After supper delight your self with pleasant tales . Take as much meat and drink as is sufficient , not for lust , but for nature . When you have dined , do something in a merry manner . Toward supper walk a little while . Being to get your supper do so too : Study and write with an empty stomack . THE END . Sapientum sententiae , pro primis Latinae Linguae Tyronibus collectae . Sententiae duarum dictionum AMicis opitulare . Alienis abstine . Arcanum cela . Affabilis esto . Amicos probato . Audacia periculosa . Amicis utere . Bonos honora . Blandus esto . Bonis benefacito . Benedic omnibus . Cognosce teipsum . Cognatos cole . Concordiam sectare . Calumniam oderis . Consule inculpaté . Dolum time . Datum serva . Depositum redde . Deferto nemínem . Delecta amicos . Diligentiam adhibe : Existimationem retine : Ebrietas dementat . Ebrietatem fuge . Exerce probitatem . Aequum judica . Familiam cura . Fac justa . Filios erudi . Fuge turpia . Inimicitias fuge . Iracundiam tempera . Inimicitias dissolve Justè judicato . Justitiam colito . Jusjurandum serva . Libenter disce . Ludos fuge . Legibus pare . Laudato honesta . Linguam tempera : Libros evolve . Liberos institue . Litem oderis . Mortalia cogita . Magistratum metue . Mundus esto . Majori cede . Minori parce . Magistrum metue . Multitudini placet . Mendacium oderis . Mieretricem fuge . Neminem irritato . Neminem irriseris . Ne jurato . Neminem vitupera . Nemini adverseris . Nihil diuturnum . Omnibus placeto . Oculis moderare . Otiosus nè sis . Otium fuge . Omnia mutantur . Pacem dilige . Pietatem sectare , Probrum fugito . Principem honora . Pericolosa temeritas . Principi obedito . Pudorem serva . Propria custodi . Prudentiam exerce , Respice suturum . Reverere parentes . Religionem cole . Regem honora . Risum moderare . Rectum quaere . Rationi obtempera . Rumores fugito . Sapientibus utere , Sobrius esto . Saluta libenter . Seniorem venerare . Suspitionem ab jicito . Temperantiam exerce . Tempori pare . Tecum habita . Veritati adhaereto . Utere virtute . Violentiam oderis . Voluptatem tempera . Verecundè responde . Verecundiam serva . Sententiae trium dictionum . AMor vincit omnia . Amor sui caecus . Arma nesciunt leges . Audentes fortuna juvat . Assiduitas durissima vincit . Avarus semper eget . Avaritiâ nihil miserius : Auro nihil inexpugnabile . Ars vincit naturam . Arcus nimis intensus rumpitur . Aliena conscupiscere noli . A vitiis abstineto . Amicos pecuniae facíunt . Avaritia vitiorum eaput . Alii aliis praestant . Assuefactio efficacissima est . Belli exitus incertus . Beneficii accepti memento . Belli fortuna anceps . Bellum gerendum consilio . Brevis hominum vita . Bis pueri senes . Cultus res sacra . Cor hominum indomabile . Cor hominis pravum . Crimina multa dissimulanda . Comparatio omnis odiosa . Cuique sua dos . Comitas amicos pa rit . Comitate vincendi morofi . Conscientia mille testes . Cibus immodicus noxius . Consilio inimica iracundia . Cupiditas est inexplebilis . Cupiditas pecuniae fugienda . Calamitas nemini exprobranda . Convitiis non respondendum . Defidia generat oblivionem . Dies affert multa . Difficile assueta relinquere . Di vitiae fastum pariunt . Dies aegrítudinem adimit . Desperandum de nemine . Dona multum possunt . Delinquentes sunt corrigendi . Divitiae vitiorum ministrae . Difficillimum vincere naturam . Discordiâ dilabuntur regna . Difficilia quae honesta . Divitis incauta oratio . Divisio rem attenuat . Dubium quodcunque probato . Dubius rerum eventus . Dives omnis inexplebilis . Doloris medicus tempus . Exercitatio optimus Magister . Exercitatio potest omnia . Aequales aequalia delectant . Exilium multos honestat . Experimento nihil cettius . Aetate prudentiores reddimur . Ebrietatis comes oblivio . Aetas corrumpitur vino . Flagitiorum turpis exitus : Felicium multi cognati . Felicitas incitat inimicitias . Fames optimus coquus . Fortuna reddit insolentes . Felicitatis comes invídia . Ferocitas lenitate sedatur . Factum stultus agnoscit . Faeminae sunt inconstantes . Furori cedendum est . Fuge nimis alta . Finem vitae specta . Forma perit vino . Fortes fortuna adjuvat . Fame nihil miserius . Firmum in vitâ nihil . Fugax est aetas . Futili nihil credendum . Finis miseriae mors . Gaudium dolore junctum . Gratia gratiam parit . Gloriae fundamentum labor . Honos alit artes . Hominum mentes variae . Honores praebet pecunia . Humani casus ancipites . Humanarum rerum vicissitudo : Infelix litium exitus . Incertus rerum exitus . Ira tormentum sui ipsius . Jucundi acti labores . In vino veritas . Ira●● compescere arduum . Jactantiae comes Invidia . Ingenia hominum varia . Inconsulti facilè ruunt . Incommodum hilaritate condiendum Ingens telum necessitas . Industrium adjuvat Deus . Infida semper societas . Inconstantia fastidit amicos . Incognitum non amatur . Inexplebilis est mendacitas . Injuria beneficio vincitur . Jucunda rerum vicissitudo . Ignorans omnis instabilis . Infelicitas nemini objicíenda . Iujurias tolerare difficile . Laus excitat ingenium . Lis parit litem . Labore omnia florent . Lingua multos perdidit . Labores gloriae fundamentum . Linguam digito compesce Labor est thesaurus hominis . Laus merces virtutis . Libertate nihil dulcius . Malus similem quaerit . Malè partum dilabitur . Multa docet fames . Malum patientiâ tollitur . Mens praesaga futuri . Mulierem ornant silentium . Miserrimum fame mori . Mortalibus nihil tutum . Munera capiunt homines . Mutua defensio tutissima . Musicam docet amor . Mors omnia sternit . Mors est inevitabilis . Mala senium accelerant . Mulieris dos pudicitia . Memoria thesaurus artium , Maldictis non respondendum . Natura paucis contenta . Nemo sibi nascitur . Nihil temerè credideris . Nil mentire debes . Necessitas caret lege . Ne tua jactato . Ne aliena despicito . Ne cui obtrectato . Necessitati nihil repugnat . Necessitas frangit ferrum . Nimia parsimonia vitanda . Nox pudore vacat . Ne quid nimis . Nihil assuetudine majus . Nusquam tuta fides . Nihil inexpertum affirmes . Natura frustra repugnatur . Nihil fugacius tempore . Obsequium amicos parit . Occasio facit furem . Opulentia tollit amicos . Omne principium grave . Occasio non negligenda . Opes celeriter dilabuntur . Odium obsequio lenitur . Omnia fert aetas : Opes arte parantur . Otium ingenii rubigo . Paupertas excitat artes . Praeceptori discipulus obediat . Pecuniae obediunt omnia . Praeceps consilium inauspicatum . Paupertas amicis nos spolia● Parta sunt conservanda . Pudor mendico inutilis . Plurium calculus vincit . Patriâ nihil dulcius Procrastinatio est odiosa . Principium dimidium totius . Quae nocent , docent . Quaevis terra patria . Risus nimius cavendus . Similia similibus favent . Simile simili gaudet . Servitus omnis misera . Soli fortunati amantur . Somnus mortis imago . Spes servat afflictos . Studium humanos reddit . Suum cuique pulchrum . Sequitur ver hyemem . Stultus st ulta loquitur . Studia mentem indicant . Sors omnia versat Silentium ubicunque tutum . Superbi difficilè corriguntur . Solus sapiens dives . Spes alit exules . Sibi quisque placet . Satietas ferocitatem parit . Semper feriae inertibus . Sermo medetur tristitiae . Silentio nihil utilius . Tempus edax rerum . Tempus breve est . Tempus celerrimè aufugit . Tempore omnia mutantur . Tempus omnia revelat . Tempore omnia peraguntur . Tempore nihil velocius . Tempore fiunt omnia , Tempus dolorem lenit . Venter caret auribus . Vetita magis appetimus . Veritatis simplex oratio . Vulgi judicium stultum . Virtus laudata crescit ▪ Usu omnia consumuntur . Varia dona hominum . Sententiae quatuor dictionum . ALiam aetatem alia decent . Aliis aliud vitii est Amicis utendum cum modestia . Assidua exercitatio omnia potest . Ab hominibus blandientibus caven dum . Amicos inter adversa cognoscimus . Amici boni rari snnt . Amicitia vetus rarò aboletur . Amanti nihil est difficile . Ambitio in Republicâ pestilentissima . Amicitia omnibus rebus anteponenda : Annus fructificat , non tellus . Animus cujusque sermone revelatur . Ante annos prudentia nulla . Assueta mala non offendunt . Amor non est sanabilis . Aversa saepe excitant ingenium . Auro placatur Rex avarus . Avari cupiditas nunquam expletur . Audere non est sapientiae . Amico fido nihil pretiosius . Adest unicuique rei modus . Admonentes liberè rari sunt . Ampla satis forma pudicitia . Amiciria nullum pondus recusat . Amorem oculi potissimum conciliant . Avari non possunt satiari . Avaritiâ nullum vitium tetrius . Aranearum telis similes leges . Beneficium semper beneficium provocat . Beneficium animo donantis metiendum . Beneficii exprobatio molesta est . Bellum civile malum perniciosum . Bona multa negligendo perduntur . Bonis amicis parciùs utendum . Bonos viros omnia decent . Blandis verbis homines exorantur . Conjugium inequalium malum est . Canes timidi vehementiùs latrant . Calliditas nimia interdum obest . Charum est quod rarum est . Consuetudo omnia dura lenit . Consilium ubique plurimùm valet . Conscientia recta suavissima est . Consuetudo quovis tyranno potentior . Commune naufragium omnibus solatium . Consilium post facta inutile . Cunctis opibus sapientia pretiosor . Crescentem sequitur cura pecuniam . Cum blanditur inimicus fallit . Cum fortunâ murantur amici . Degeneres animos timor arguit . Divitiae bonae mentis onera . Docti doctorum familiaritate gaudent . Dulce est meminisse laborum . Dulce est paternum solum . Deteriotum semper major pars . Damnum turpi lucro praeponendum . Diversae terrae iversa producunt . Donum à dautis animo pensatur . Divitiae sunt causae jurgiorum . Damnare facilè neminem debemus . Dissimulanda est sua miseria . Esquillâ non nascitur Rosa . Egestatem affert manus otiosa . Ex aspectu nascitur amor . Eruditiores efficimur omnes damno . Ex trema gaudii luctus occupat . Ebrietas abditissima pectoris profert . Ex minimis initis maxima . Errare commune est mortalibus , Ensis pueris non committendus . Exprobratio calamitatis nemini objicienda . Experientia est providentiae Magistra . Ex parvis fiunt magna . Ex otio vitia proveniunt . Expertus pericula facilè expavescit . Felicitas multos habet cognatos . Fortuna simillima vento est . Fallere alios malum est . Futurorum uulla certa cognitio . Fies malus malorum contubernio , Fugiendum est malorum commercium . Fratrum concordia rara est . Fugienda sunt nimis alta . Fides etiam hosti servanda . Gravis culpa , tacenda loqui . Gloria pecuniis non emitur . Homines ad malum proclives . Hominis figura oratione cognoscitur . Humile vitae genus tutissimum . Insipiente fortunato nihil intolerabilius . Irati nihil rectè faciunt . Inter fratres rara concordia . Ignavis semper feriae sunt . Ingratitudo vitiorum omnium caput . In omni re opus est animo . In adversis amicus probatur . In omni re varietas delectat . Inter arma silent leges . Impatientia res cunctas exasperat . Impetus cuncta malè ministrat . Innumeris laboribus honos constat . Ira omnium tardissimè senescit . Ingens thesaurus bonus amicus . Inopinata mala graviora sunt . Immensum gloria calcar habet . Invidia suum torquet authorem : Improbâ linguâ nihil perniciosius . Innumera mala parit securitas . Ingenium mala saepe movent . Ira non sedatur iracundia . Labor est thesaurus hominibus . Labor virtutis gloriam accipit . Labor improbus omnia vincit . Longior vita diuturna calamitas . Libenter feras quod necesse est . Minervâ invitâ nihil tentandum . Mala herba non perit . Mens est praesaga futuri . Multa petentibus desunt multa . Mendacem memorem esse oportet . Malum lucrum aequale dispendio . Multis ictibus dejicitur quercus . Morosi nil candidè interpretantur . Malum consilium consultori pessimum . Mortalibus nihil charius pecuniâ . Mors omni aetati communis est . Mala sunt vicina bonis . Malo accepto stultus sapit . Malè respondent coacta ingenia . Modestia sanitati multum confert . Miseri felicibus invidere solent . Natura nihil solitarium amat . Negotiosa res est litigare . Ne vulgi sequaris errores . Novit paucos secura quies . Nihil efficacius simplici veritate . Ne majora viribus suscipias . Nihil turpius sene libidinoso . Nihil absurdius divite avaro . Nullus mortalium absolutè beatus . Naturae necessitas exiguo placatur . Nemo laeditur nisi à seipso . Nocet temeritas multùm mortalibus , Nulla amicorum melior possessio . Nihil est homine calamitosius . Nihil dulcius amico monitore . Nihil vulgarius quam fallere homines Nimia lenitas non probatur . Non semper arridet fortuna . Opes amicos conciliant . Omnia habere nemo potest . Omnibus horis nemo sapit . Optimum alienâ infaniâ frui . Omnia suo tempore peragenda . Omnes res facilè mutantur . Oculus Domini saginat equum . Otium multa docet vicia . Omnium est dulcissimum accipere ▪ Omnia bona pace constant . Omnes deteriores sumus licentia . Oratio factorum est simulachrum . Oculi auribus sunt fideliores . Omne solum forti patria Pauperum mors est fine strepitu . Pauperum sermones sunt vani Praestantiores sunt senum sententiae . Parva non sunt contemnenda . Praecocia ingenia citò desistunt . Patria sua cuique jucundissima . Publicâ concordiâ nihil utilius . Parsimoniâ & labore crescunt res . Prudentis est multa dissimulare . Perrurbato cordi nihil jucundum . Perdifficile est bonum esse . Pertinacia , elati animi comes . Probitas magnun ingenium facit . Peccanti non praestandum obsequium . Post mortem cessat invidia . Prosperis rebus animi luxuriant . Quot capita , tot sensus Qualis vir , talis oratio ▪ Qualis princeps , talis populus . Quisque suis malis blanditur . Quid turpius arroganti imperitiâ ? Quot homines , tot sententiae . Quantum habebis , tanti eris . Qualis procontatio , talis responsio . Res sacra est consultatio . Rem peractum stultus intelligit . Re praeteritâ omnes sapimus . Rubor virtutis est color . Raro ulla calamitas sola . Ratio degenerat sine exerciratione . Soli miseri carent invidiâ . Sermone qualitas viri cognoscitur . Silentio multis respondetur aptius . Sequitur facile tempestatem serenitas . Sua quemque alit ars . Senecture otiosâ nihil jucundius . Sermo opportunus est optimus . Sermo character animi est . Suus Rex Reginae placet . Sera in fundo parsimonia . Semper inops quicunque cupit . Sua quemque studia delectant . Sine opibus nihil valemus . Sanitate nihil in vitâ melius . Sine vitiis nemo nascitur . Sapientia nimia non est sapientia . Suus cuique attribuendus est error . Supra vires nihil tentandum . Suo quisque studio delectatur . Spes mentes hominum fovet . Turpe lucrum adducit infortunium . Tempus omnia secum trahit . Trahit sua quemque voluptas . Tempore adversitatis probatur amicus . Tempore omnia fiunt leviora . Vinum immodicum , malorum causa . Ventre pleno , pejor consultatio . Vulgus amicitias utilitate probat . Voluptates commendat rarior usus . Ubi timor , ibi pudor . Ubi amici , ibi opes . Ubi amor , ibi occulus . Ubi dolor , ibi digitus . Unus vir , nullus vir . Ut quisque est , ita loquitur . Virtute nulla possessio maior . Variae sunt rerum vices . Vitia celari non possunt . Vana gloria non est petenda . Sententiae plurium dictionum . AB aliorum casu disce quod vites . Abjiciendus pudor quoties urget necessitas . A cane non magno saepe tenetur aper . Ad otium proclives sumus omnes . Adversa aequo animo sunt toleranda . Adulatio , maxima in amicitiâ pestis . Adolecentis est majores natu revereri . Adeò in teneris consuescere multum est . Ad omnem disciplinam tardior senectus . Agentes & consentientes pari paenâ puniuntur . Alterius salus , alterius est exitium . Alterius opes , alterius sunt spolia . Alia vita , alia vivendi ratio . Amicus verus , thesaurus est magnus . Amici in rebus adversis cognoscuntur . Amor verus nullum novit habere modum . Animus duris rebus assuetus , minus offenditur . Animus cujusque sermone revelatur . Ars laborat citra fortunae opem . Asinus mavult stramina , quam aurum . Aurum multis saepe suasit perperám . Bacillus vitae est egregia eruditio . Beneficium collatum in gratos solet foenerari ▪ Bene pauperem esse , melius est quam ditescere male . Beatissima civitas , quae à sapientibus regitur . Bonae leges ex malis moribus procreantur . Bonis quod sit , haud perit , Bonos viros nihil maledicta vulnerant . Boni ad bonorum convivia ultro accedunt . Canis pauperem peregrinum semper infestat . Canis festinans caecos parit catulos . Canis antiquus catenae assuefieri non potest . Certíora quae videntur , quàae quae audiuntur . Credendum non citò est , quod dicitur . Celant sua mala domestica sapientes . Cavendum ab eo qui semel imposuit . Charius est quicquid mercede paratur . Consilio meliùs vincas , quàm iracundiâ . Consultatione , re peractâ , non opus est . Consilium petendum à consultis & prudentibus . Consuetudo cum bonis viris est habenda . Corpus magis dolore affici quam mentem velis . Corrigere naturam malam difficile est . Comite scelesto haud unquam iturus utere . Consuetudo in rebus omnibus semper est potentissima : Cura in omni re plurimùm valet . Cum amieo bene merito non est suscipiendum certamen Cui fortuna adversatur , amicos non habet . Desipere in loco , summa sapientia est . Dispares mores disparia studia sequuntur . Dissidentes facilè superantur , concordes haud facilè . Diligitur nemo nisi cui fortuna secunda est . Difficile est tristi fingere mente jocum . Dives est qui nihil sibi desse putat . Divitiae labore parantur , prodigalitate pereunt . Deo , parentibus , praeceptoribus non redditur aequivalens Difficilis res est inventu verus amicus . Dives memineris , ut prosis pauperculis . Doctrina vana eft , ratio ni accesserit . Dos non facit faustum conjugium , sed virtus . Durum est ea relinquere , quibus diu assueveris . De suis quisque verbum facit . Dum non licet , ut expeto , vivo , ut queo . Damnaveris nullum causâ non cognitâ . Dos est magna , virtus parentum . Dum felis dormit , faliunt Mures . Dantur opes nullis nunc , nisi divitibus . Difficilius est foelicem , quam adversam ferre fortunam . Doctus pauper diviti indocto praeponitur . Ex parvo initio res magna oritur . Ex vitio alterius sapiens emendat suum . Ex aliorum erratis ipsi cautiores efficimur . Exilium est illic homini , ubi parùm commodè vivit . Exima est virtus praestare silentia rebus . Enfis vulnerat corpus , sed animum oratio . Errata ipsi nostra non a gnoscimus . Fortis est , falsam infamiam contemnere . Fortis animi est non perturbari in rebus adversis . Faciliùs quis consulit aliis , quam sibi . Fortunae incommoda nihil movent sapientem . Festinationis comites sunt error , & poenitentia . Feliciter sapit , qui alieno periculo sapit . Facilè fustem invenerit , qui cupit caed ere canem . Facilè volat verbum , tamen nunquam redit . Fortuna prospera , dum blanditur , perdit . Felicissimus ' , cui nihil contigerit in vitâ mali . Felix , quicunque dolore alterius disces posse carere tuo . Facile est absentem vincere , qui non repugnat . Frustra sapit , qui sibi non sapit . Gallus in suo sterquilinio plurimùm potest . Gratior est pulchro veniens è corpore virtus . Hostem beneficiis vincere , oprima ultio est . Humilis fortuna tutior est quàm excelsa . Haereditas famae , quàm divitiarum honestior . Humani animi difficilis est conjectura . Homo avarus , quicquid agit , properat omnia . Habent & suam perrurbationem tranquillae aquae . Heri probitas familiam etiam reddit meliorem . Inter socrum & nurum vetus est bellum . Insperata accidunt magis saepius , quàm quae speres . Ingenia praeclara aemulis nunquam caruerunt . Jugum qui fert volens , leve efficit . Ipsa dies quandoque parens , quandoque noverca . Infelicitatem absconde , ne inimicos reddas laetos . Ingentes opes non parantur sine fraude . Ingratitudo omnia vitia in se complectitur . Incommoditas semper comes est commoditatum . In aliena vitia naturâ sumus occulati , non in nostra . Irae imperans vitam vives validissimam Incumbere variis ubique est languidum . In rebus malis opus est bono confilio . In adversis rebus amicus cognoscitur . In periculoso negotio non est dormitandum . Impossibilia optare sibi , delirantis est . Inutilis est pudor , quum urget necessitas . Invendibili merci oportet ultrò emptorem adducere . Indicat amicos tempus , ut aurum ignis . Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis . Lites animi tranquillitatem adimere solent . Longior vita solet plurima incommoda afferre . Laudatur , non qui diu , sed qui bene vixit . Lucrum malum damnum semper affert . Luxu corporis hebetescit mentis acies . Liberalem oportet esse , sed pro facultare . Lucrum nisi esset , nemo malus esset . Libentiùs oculatis , quàm auritis testibus creditur . Leve fit , quod bene fertur , onus , Laude & obsequio vincuntur homines . Mulier mala cunctis feris est ferocior . Matrona frugi passim non est obvia . Mulier domûs salus est & calamitas . Miserrimum mortis genus , fama emori . Mores bonos colloquia prava diruunt . Majora perdes , parva ni retinueris . Multa eveniunt homini , quae non vult . Modus omnibus in rebus optimus habendus . Multa bona multis praeter spem evenerunt . Multi invident aliis bonum , quo ipsi carent . Mentis habitum sermonis cultus solet indicare . Multis displicet , qui sibi nimium placet . Multò praestat medicari initia , quàm finem . Mores bonos convictus inficit improbus . Mores amici noveris , non oder is . Mortalia omnia mutationes multas habent . Magnae res discordiâ pereunt , concordiâ valent . Mendacium od ● omnis sapiens & bonus . Multa mala affert hominibus otium . Maxima utilitas scire uti paupertate . Nihil nostrum est , quod auferri potest . Nulla discordia , ubi idem est animus . Ne commercium habeas cum improbis . Non refert quàm diu vixe●is , sed quàm bene . Ne quenquam punito , rem nisi expende ris . Noli misero insultare : sors communis est . Nunquam repente vir bonus ditatus est . Nullum animal , nulla merx difficilior cognitu quàm homo . Non vivendum , ut edas , sed edendum , ut vivas . Non aetate , sed ingenio , acquiritur sapientia . Non proderit tibi ingeni●●elicitas , nisi exercueris . Ne curis tuum ipsius animum excrucies . Ne moveris malum bene conditum . Nihil turpius , quàm cum familiari bellum gerere . Nemo est hominum , in quo non aliud vitii inest . Non est beneficium , quod in quaestum mittitur . Non parùm lucri facir , qui damnum effugit . Ne disce turpitudinem , néve admiseris . Non foeminam aurum exornat , sed boni mores . Natura non dedit imperare foeminis . Nihil praeter quod gliscit , novit foemina . Natura non sinit praeesse foeminam . Nihil est ab omni parte beatum . Nihil pejus moerore in rebus mortalium . Nullam feres pauperie molem acerbius . Ne cuncta semper , oro , credas omnibus . Ne studeas malefacere , confisus opibus tuis . Nihil est tam grave , quam paupertas . Ne festina ditescere , ne pauper fias statim . Naturum iniquitas morum planè inficit . Nihil est tam grave , q●in amicum feceris . Nihil sanitate in vitâ praestantius . Nemo sic diligenter aliena , ut sua , curat negotia . Nè conare , quod fieri non potest . Nihil est tam diuturnum , quod non emolliat assiduitas . Nox , amor , vinum turpia suadent . Non ulli tacuisse nocet , nocet esse locutum . Non est ejusdem & multa & opportuna dicere . Nihil odiosius , quam quod sempet idem est . Naturae suum jus eripere difficile est . Neglectis urenda filix innascitur agris . Nihil rectè faciunt ministri , nisi adest herus . Non omnia veniunt , quae in animo statueris . Omne nimium cunctis in rebus est f●giendum . Oculis magis habenda fides quàm auribus . Optimè cogitata saepe pessimè cedunt . Oportet senescentem semper aliquid addiscere . Optima quaeque difficiles habent exitus . Omnes sibi meliùs esse malunt , quàm alteri . Omnis res properando parit errorem . Omne malum nascens facile opprimitur . Omnis mora , quantumvis pusilla , longissima videtur Opportet id , quod adest , boni consulere . Optimum erit si quis tempus spectaverit aptum : Onus , cui impar sis , nè subiveris . Omne supervacuum pleno de pectore manat . Omnium rerum extremum est mors . Patienter ferenda , quae mutari non possunt . Patrum mores non sunt arguendi , sed ferendi . Pauci in secundis rebus moderati sunt . Pessimus autor rerum gerendarum ira . Patria sua cuique jucundissima est . Post factum plerunque magis sapimus . Proruunt cornua arietibus bene pastis . Pessimi sunt consultores ira & cupido . Praestat in visum esse , quàm miserabilem . Plurima sunt cognoscenda , sed optima retinenda , Praeceps ira multorum malorum author . Pharmaca nascenti sunt adhibenda malo . Pulchritudo corporis fragile bonum est . Protinus apparet quae planta frugifera sit . Parva scintilla contempta maximum excitat incendium . Periculosum est se aquis credere . Praestantissimarum rerum summa raritas est . Prudentis est nihil remerè agere . Pares cum paribus facilè congregantur . Proba merx facilè emptorem reperit . Praeterita reprehendi possunt , corrigi non possunt Plures vincuntur aequabilitate , quàm duritiâ . Pulchrum est modum cujuscunque scire temporis . Praestat mori , quàm foedam vitam vivere . Placidis dictis dolor rectè curabitur . Ponere modum irae & voluptati , bonum est . Praestat egere , quàm scelere ditescere . Praestat tacere , quàm loqui indecentia : Pluris est oculatus testis unus , quàm auriti decem . Plures necat lingua , quàm gladius . Perturbato cordi nihil est jucundum . Pinguis venter non gignit sensum tenuem , Patriae fumus igne alieno luculentior . Plus audit quisque domi , quâm foris . Plus videut oculi , quam oculos . Probis ab animis facta promanant proba . Patria est homini ubicunque feliciter agit . Pauper est , non qui parùm habet , sed qui plus cupit . Perversae sodalitates malum fructum ferunt . Pudore amisso omnis virtus ruit . Praeterita compellunt nos futurorum rationem habere . Pulchrum est injurias in gratiam commutare . Pueris nocet potare vinum . Quod repente tollitur , non est diuturnum . Quae cernuntur , certiora sunt , quàm quae audiuntur . Quod quisque vehementer amat , ejus non potest oblivisci . Quod aliis vitro vertas , ipse ne feceris . Quicquid praeter spem evenit , id deputato esse in lucro . Qui fugitant labores optant dies ●estos Quicunque recusat laborem , non fert fructum . Quid de quoque viro , & cui dicas , saepe caveto , Quod multi faciunt , non continuò bonum est . Quod uni bonum , alteri malum videtur . Quod non est assue tum , laborem recusat . Qui nimiùm properat , seriùs absolvit . Qui nescit dissimulare , nescit imperare . Quod satis est cui contingit , nihil amplius optet . Qui se peccare nescit , corrigi non vult . Quàm multa mala hominibus affert otium ? Quod naturâ est insitum , nullo corriges negotio . Quisque advigilat ad id quod expetit . Qui beneficium collocat in ingratum , perdit operam . Quicquid nativum est , id haud facilè mutatur . Qui simul duplex captat commodum , utroqùe frustretur Quoq fatis decretum est , nemni licet evitare . Quod factum est , infectum fieri non potest . Quam quisque nôrit artem , in hâc se exerceat . Qui de se praedicant arrogantiùs malos habenr vicinos . Quae meritò pateris , facilè ferenda sunt . Rebus maximè prosperis metuenda diversa fortuna . Resnon potest confistere , cùm quaestum superat sumptus Res initio pusilla crescit in majus . Res factu ardua , tamen assiduâ iudustriâ evincitur . Rei non bonae consuetudo pessima est . Res humanae naturâ proclives sunt ad corruptelam . Res mala est multa concupiscere . Rex magnus quise bene rexerit , Solatium in miseriis amicus compatiens . Secundae res incautos dementant , & perdunt . Senectutis est otium . & quies . Saepe etiam sub palliolo sordido sapientia est . Saepe de levissimis causis existit ira . Sine pennis volare haud facile est . Supellex mulieris est clarus clamor . Saepe summa ingenia in occulto jacent . Suum quisque studium maximè probat . Sapientia est à viro sapiente discere . Summâ curâ lingua regi debet . Sulti sunt , qui corrigi nolunt . Superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est . Si non potes quod vis die velis quod possis . Senex homo est molestus caetui juvenum . Sapientiâ non est res ulla dignior . Sapiens in se omnem habet substantiam - Secreta animi nun quam prodito . Sapienti turpe est dicere , non putavi . Semper malis invisa fuit egregia virtus . Senex multa , quae non vult , vid et . Si dixeris , quae vis , quae non vis , audies . Saepe mali malefacta viri populus luit omnis . Stultus , perinde atque luna , immutatur . Saepe vincas sapientiâ , quem non viceris impetu . Solâ pecuniâ possunt expugnari alioqui invicta . Satius est initiis mederi , quàm fini . Solitariae man t is invalida pugna est . Sine convictore amico insuavis vita est . Silendo nemo peccat , loquendo persaepe . Spernimus in communè omnes praesentia . Suae quemque sortis poenitet , alienam miratur : Sine ope divinâ nihil valemus . Semper fimilem ducit Deus ad similem . Saepenumerò pessima pro bonis amplectimur . Semper metuit nimium praesaga mens . Satius est tacere , quam tacenda proloqui . Saepe consilio dissimilis eventus . Spectandus semper est finis , & rei exitus . Tempus nullum est infructuosè transeundem . Talia dicentur tibi , qualia dixeris ipse . Tum judicant homines , ubi jam poenitet . Tempus ad lucem ducit veritatem . Temulentus dormiens non est excitandus . Tarditas in rebus gerendis odiosa . Tanti quisque habetur , quantum habet . Talis quisque fit , cum qualibus habet familiaritatem . Verecundia bonum in adolescente signum . Violentia odium parit , odium dissentiones . Vis sine consilio nihil prodest . Ubi quisque thesaurum habet , ibi habet & cor . Vt tua fuerit oratio , ita tibi respondebitur . Voluntas saepe laudanda est , ubi vires desunt . Voluntas & labor procreant artes . Varia & mutabilis semper foemina . Uxor , quae pudicitiam amisit , omnia perdidit . Uxorum vitia post nuprias discimus . Voluptate capiuntur homines , ut hamo pisces . Unicum confugium in egestate est ars . Victum para undecunque , at non ex crimine . Unicuique dedit vitium natura creato . Ubi quis dolet , ibidem & manum habet . Vita nostra similis bullae in aqua . Vini hilaritas minuit senectutis molestiam . Sententiae sacra festis diebus juventuti literariae proponendae . ABsque Deo nihil possumus . Affectum cordis exigit Deus . Afflictis adesse solet Dominus . A Deo pendent omnia . Ad terrena non respiciendum . Arbor ex fructibus cognoscitur . Assiduè bene operandum . Adversitates nostrae à Deo. Avaritia infert Deì oblivionem . Ad verbum Dei nihil addendum . A solo Domino cuncta speranda . Amisso verbo Dei omnia amittuntur . Animae salus à verbo Dei pendet . Avari verbum Dei derident . Audaces Dominus dejicit . Ab Adamo peccatum in nos derivatum est . A Deo omnia donantur , quibus egemus . Ad vanitatem naturâ proclivis est homo . Auxilium à Domino expectandum . Avaritia cor excaecat & indurat . Author omnium operum Deus . Benedictio Dei omnia foecundat : Bona omnia dantur credenti . Bonorum nostrorum dispensatores tantùm sumus . Bonitas Dei rebus in omnibus elucet . Bellandum non est , nisi necessitate urgente . Bellum moventes primi saepe vincuntur . Bello parta , bello pereunt regna . Bona piis adveniunt Dei gratiâ . Bona opera probant fidem . Benedictio Domini credentes alir & sustenta ▪ Cognitio Dei vita aeterna . Consilio Dei omnia fiunt . Credenti omnia sunt possibilia . Consilia Dei non mutantur . Credentibus omnia bona communicantur . Christiani templum Dei sunt . Charitas symbolum credentium . Charitas est plenitudo legis . Consilium nullum contra Dominum . Carnales regnum Dei non vident . Confidentia sola habenda in Deum . Christum qui fide habet , omnia habet . Christus est omnium bonorum thesaurus . Crux sequitur confessionem fidei . Crucem sequitur gloria . Compatiendum omnibus . Crux est probatio fidei . Conscientiâ certâ omnia facienda sunt . Caecitas est poena contemptûs verbi Dei. Consilio & Industriâ omnia gerenda . Calamitas omnis , peccatorum poena est . Credentes omnia Deo committunt . Credentes in Christum habent vitam aeternam ▪ Concordiâ Ecclesia regenda est . Christo data est omnis potestas . Christum audit , qui ex veritate est . Christo obediunt omnes creaturae . Christi regnum in aeternum durabit . Cultus Dei sine fide nullus . Consilium Dei immutabile . Cura omnis Deo committenda . Christus unus , à morte liberat . Christum sequentibus nihil deesse potest . Cum hostibus beneficè agendum ▪ Cupiditas habendi radix omnium malorum . Confidendum non est in homine . Consilia hominum à Deo moderantur . Contra mortem non est remedium , Dei voluntas omnibus in rebus spectanda . Deus opitulatur in afflictionibus . Deus curam nostri habet . Damnandum temerè nihil , est . De verbo otioso reddenda est ratio . Deus emendat nos cruce . Deus fons omnium bonorum . Deus subitò suos adjuvat . Deus solus scrurator cordium . Deo nihil non possibile . Deus conditor rerum omnium . Deus in tempore succurrir . Deus solus sempirernus est . Deus fide agnoscitur . Deus spes fidelium . Deo nihil est occultum . Deo omnia parent . Deus regit omnia . Doctrina quaevis probanda . Deus homini omnia subjecit . Deus non respicit personas . Deus videt & audit omnia . Dei consilia nobis abscondita . Deo plus obediendum , quam hominibus . Deus sibi soli omnia reservavit . Dei mandatis nihil addendum . Divitiae obveniunt benedictione Dei. Deus suos liberat suo tempore . Dives & pauper à Deo facti . Deus ubi non est , ibi nihil . Deum humana astutia nihil celare potest . Deo adversante omnes creaturae adversantur . Deus homines non vult otiosos esse . Divitiarum cupiditas à Deo abducit . Deus pascit ac servat nos ultra nostram curam . Deus est Spiritus , & in spiritu adorandus . Dei opera & consilia inscrutabilia . Deus solus & gratis remittit peccata . Deus operatur omnia bona opera in nobis . Deus verbo suo monet , antequam puniat : Deus corrigit , sed non abjicit suos . Extollens se humiliabitur . Exempla multorum non sunt imitanda . Externa non inquinant hominem ▪ Eveniunt non quae nos instituimus , sed quae Deus decrevit . Externa curare , neglectis internis , caecitas est . Emendatio vitae fit lege Dei. Ebrietatis poena , stultitia . Fidelibus nihil deest . Fideles mundus odit . Furor depravat judicia . Fides Dei donum est . Fides sola justificat . Fides gratis data . Fidem respicit Deus . Fidei signa , opera sunt . Fides facit filios Dei. Fides adversitate probatur . Fidelium mors vita . Fideles sunt Deo curae . Famis tempore satiantur fideles . Fides bonorum operum fons . Fides verbo Dei nititur . Futurorum cura nobis inutilis . Fame fideles non pereunt . Fides vera non potest esse otiosa . Fides cujusque ex fructibus cognoscitur . Gloria Deo tribuenda , non nobis . Gemitus oppressorum exaudit Deus . Garrulitas non est absque peccato . Garrulitas stultitiae & mendacii argumentum . Gratiâ nondum natis promittit Deus bona . Humiles erigit Deus . Homini non fidendum . Homini cuncta serviunt . Humilitatem vult Deus . Hominis vita militia est . Honor solius Dei est . Humani conatus inutiles . Humana solatia pereunt . Homo calamitosum animal . Homo ad calamitatem nascitur . Homo omnia à deo accipit Humilibus dat deus dona sua . Homines sapientiâ , non viribus suis reguntur . Humiliat Deus omnia excelsa . Hominis cor ex natura sua malum . Humana ratio Deum agnoscit . Homo sibi ipsi calamitatum author . Hostem beneficio vincere , optima ultio . Judicia Dei inscrutabilia . Inobedientia Deo displicet . Judicare alios , periculosum . Infidelitas omnia impurat . Judicandum est post causam cognitam . Impiorum consilia non succedunt . Incredulitas radix omnium peccatorum . Impii suo consilio consumuntur . Impii dona Dei contemnunt . Ignorantes legem Dei maledicti sunt . In timore Dei omnia agredienda . Impiis voluptas est alienam famam laedere . In solo nomine Jesu salvamur . In operibus bonis non est torpendum . Impius quod maximè timet , accidit ei . Impiis omnia cedunt in malum . Labore comparandus victus . Liberalibus benedicit Deus . Laborandum est ut prosimus . Laetitia jusiorum nunquam perit . Liberorum copia Dei donum optimum . Longior vita , diuturna calamitas . Magistratui parendum . Mortis certum tempus . Morbi ob peccatum veniunt . Majoribus honor exhibendus . Miracula non temerè fiunt à Deo. Mali puniendi ut non laedantur boni . Misericordia Dei initium salutis nostrae . Misericordia Dei omnibus necessaria . Mors dura sequitur bonam vitam . Monitis salutaribus non obtemperantes pereunt . Mors in credentes nihil juris haber . Malus Magistratus populo malo datur . Malum non alio malo , sed bono pellitur ▪ Malis Deus utitur organis . Non temerè judicandum . Nullum malum impunitum . Nihil pejus Ingratitudine . Nemini maledicendum . Nemo sine peccato est . Nemo coram Deo innocens . Nemo sibi soli natus est . Nulla re abutitur justus . Non ferunt impii castigationem : Nihil facilius quàm calumniari . Nullus Propheta acceptus in patriâ . Numerus populi Dei paucissimus . Nihil possumus ex nobis . Nihil pestilentius malâ doctrinâ . Non obliviscitur suorum Deus . Nihil caecius corde impii . Nihil externi moratur Deus . Non satis benè coepisti , nisi perseveres . Otium execratur Deus . Omnes sumus peccatores . Omnia homnium opera impura . Operarius cibo suo dignus . Optima poenitentia , vita nova . Oculorum concupiscentia decipit . Omnia nostra in manu Dei posita . Omnia possibilia sunt credenti . Opus non respicit Deus , sed animum . Omnia propter hominem condita sunt . Omnia verbo Dei condita sunt . Omnia in melius interpretanda . Opportunitas nusquam non observanda . Orandi torpor malum praesagium . Potentes Deus dejicit . Pios fovet Dominus . Peccatum causa mortis . Peccata operit charitas . Poena impiorum aeterna . Parentibus obedire debemus . Piorum memoria aeterna . Pauperes ulciscitur Deus . Peccata non delentur operibus . Piis condiuntur dulcia amaris . Piis omnia cedunt in bona . Princeps bonus à Domino datur . Peccara remittuntu ex gratia Dei. Pascit Deus suos certissimé . Peccatum est quod absq●e fide est . Personarum acceptio non est apud Deum . Pauperi merces non est deferenda . Peccata solus Deus remittit . Providentiâ Dei mundus gobernatur . Propitius Deus optima haereditas . Puer alimentum in mundum secum affert . Qui plus ambit , minus consequitur . Qui magna moliuntur , ●ihil efficiunt . Respublica propter pios floret . Reddetur unicuique juxta facta sua . Reprobos recta monita reddunt deteriores : Rebus utendum , sed non fidendum . Reprehensio sit sine calumnia . Senectus veneranda . Superbos perdet Deus . Societas mala vitanda . Succes●us à Deo est . Superbia animarum perditrix . Scandalum non praestandum pueris . Sapientia , non arma , defendit . Seditiosis nunquam feliciter cessit . Sine fide in Chistum nemo salvatur . Sine verbo Dei nemo est sapiens . Sapientes ferunt castigationem . Satan nocere nequit , non permittente Deo. Sapientum consilia Deus irrita facit . Sapientia humana , stultitia in rebus Dei. Tardè est irascendum . Tranquillitas in hâc vitâ non speranda . Timentes Dominum bene vivent . Voluntas Dei bona . Verbo Dei alimur . Voluntas Domini stabilis . Vindictam prohibet Deus . Veritas semper persecutores habebit . Uxor bona datur à Domino . Vocatio cuique sua curanda . Veritatis contemptus gravissimum peccatum . Vincere cupiditatem maxima fortitudo . Communiora , atque quotidiana morum puerilium praecepta . SUrgens manè , primum diei initium auspicaberis in nomine Patris , & Filii , & Spiritus Sancti . Et Dominica oratione commendabis te Christo . Gratias ages , quod eam noctem voluit prosperam tibi . Deinde precaberis , ut diem itidem illum totum tibi fortunet bene , ne impingas in peccatum . Mox veniens in conspectum , felicem diem precaberis parentibus . Inde , capillitium comes , manu vultum lavabis , ut quàm primùm recipias te ad ludum . Ante ingressum , Spiritum suum ut tibi largiatur Christus , orabis , quia citra illius opem frustra est quod tentatur . Cùm veneris in phrontisterium , libenter ausculta , & quod agis , toto pectore agito . Responde verecundè . Prava non mordicus confuta , sed verecundé . Ante omnia cave , ne meritò vapules . Ne quid dicto factóve vel praeceptorem offendas vel sodales tuos . Disputantem contra te magis doce , quàm vince● Dismissus à ludo domum propera , nec in plateâ moram feceris . Domi si quid est obsequii praestandum parentibus , diligenter obi . Quod si vacat tecum repetere , quod praelectum est in scholâ , repete . Nihil enim in vitâ pretiosius tempore . Cogita , quòd irrecuperabile est , & perit , quod transigitur . Ubi hora ingruerit prandii mensam adornato in tempore . Sed ante apparatum pocula diligenter mundato . Mensae primùm supponitur mappa , indè circulus aereus , proximè salinum , post haec orbes , ad postremum panis . Eodem autem modo quo apparatur , ita & removetur Mensa . Orbes colligentur primùm , post hac salsamenta & sal . Inde caseus , vel quicquid aliud est secundarum Men. sarum . Ad ultimum unà cum pane removetur & mappa . Erectis & compositis pedibus sta , solicitè animadvertens nè desit quid ; & cùm insundendum , sive quid porrigendum , apponendum , aut tollendum est , civiliter id feceris . Amandatus aliquò , reditum matura . Ante & post epulas Deo benedicas . Astans non turbabis , vel interturbabis aliorum sermonem , sed interrogatus breviter respondeto . Cantharos & vasa ne per oblivionem consundas , ut alterum fundas per altero , si varia vina . Salis ne obliviscitor . Scissum vel confractum mensae nè apponito . Sub noctu inter coenam advigilato attentè pro emungendis lucernis , & nè quid foedi paedoris in nares redoleat convivantium . Emungens candelam , ne extinguito . Sed ne assuescas etiam quicquid de mensa remotum est , vel reconditum domi habent , abligurire . Actis gratiis , sublatis omnibus , si quid vacat , lusu quopiam honesto animum laxa cum sodalibus , donec hora revocat in ludum à lusu . Si autem contingat , ut ipse quoque mensae accumbas , haec observabis . Imprimis , ungues praescissos habeto . Manus lavato . Erectus accambito . Hospiti collocanti acquieveris . Ebrie tatem suge . Sobrius esto . Sic praebebis hilarem te , ut semper memineris quid deceat aetatem tuam . Postremus omnium admoveto manum patinae . Si quid datur lautius , recusato modestè . Si instabitur , accipe , & gratias age . Mox decerptâ portiuncolâ , quod reliquum est , illi reddito , aut alicui proximè accumbenti . Alterius autem uxori , marito assiden●e , nihil reddideris . Similiter principi aut magnati nihil reddideris . Parenti , amico , cognaris licet srangere , quae optima videntur . Si quid lautius ministratur , ut hepar piscium , & alia quaedam , partiùs gustaveris , reliquum distribuas . Si quis praebibit tibi , hilariter illi bene precare . Sed ipse bibito modicè , Si non sitis , tamen admoveto cyathum labiis . Arride loquentibus . Ipse ne quid loquare , nisi rogatus . Si quid obscaeni dicetur , né arride , sed compone v●lrum quasi non intelligas . Ne cui in mensâ obtrectato . Ne cui temet anteponito . Ne tua jactato . Ne aliena dispicito . Esto comis erga tenuis fortunae sodales . Deferto neminem . Ne sis linguâ fut li. Si v●der●s conv●vum esse prolixius , precatus veniam , ac salutatis convivis , subducito te mensâ . Panem pectore ne proscideris . Digitulos proscindens cultro nè opposueris . Quae ante & juxta reposita sunt edito . Decerpturus ex catino puippiam , summo cultro compehendito . Nè , ut sus , effundas te supra cibum . Ne confundas , vel turbaveris digitis , quae posita sunt in catino . Ova manducaturus , panem conscindito frustatim prius . Verùm ne quid praeterfluat , curato . Maturè edas ovum . Testas non contractas in catinum rejicito . Inter edendum ovum , non potabis . Comesturus , thoracem nè commacules . Piper quoque edens , digito ne praelinge . Suprema labia ●ur nasum manicâ nè immungas intaer epulandum . Nasum non abstergas nisi sudariolo , idque civiliter atque modestò . Mucum digito non exculpito . Salino digitos ne indas , neque salsamentis , & piperatis omnibus . Buccellas ne nimis densas sumito vel amplas , sed singulas conscindito . Ex ore nihil extraxeris in orbem . Caput inter epulas ne scalpito . Omnis cachinnus effusus in convivio turpis est . Potaturus duobus digitis labra suprema abstergito . Non appareat supernatans in poculo tuo saginamen aut pinguedo . Sed nec cibum habens in ora , & nec dum vorato , potabis . Simul & mandere & loqui rusticum est . Screare similiter , aut oscitare , expuere crebriùs similiter incivile habetur . Agreste & ethnicum habetur , in supremum cubitum recumbere . Panem tinctum vino edere ex poculo in coetu hominum , ridiculum est . Non recumbes in dorsum more rusticorum . Cochleari quantum satis est haurito , & sorbeto . Inter sorbendum nihil distilles , neque bis uno haustu sorpseris . Donec manderis & glutiveris , ne sorbeas iterum . Canum est immensos bolos vorare & ossa rodere . In ossibus si quid pulpamenti haeret , modestè cultro proscindito . Alii verò convivae , quid praecerpant , vel appositum habeant , ne temerè circumspectaveris . Quod semel dentibus demorsum , aut rosum est , paropsidi ne inseras . Turpe est ossium & eduliorum quisquilias sub mensam dejicere . Indecens quoque , unguibus , linguâ , aut cultro repurgare dentes , sed agendum id est extra convivium . Cibus efto temperatus ac festivus . Prande parciús . Caena liber aliús . A caenâ suavibus fabulis temet oblecta . Cibi vel potûs , non quantum libidini , sed quantum naturae satis est , sume . Pransus , hilariter quaedam facito . Sub caenam paulisper ambula . Caenaturus idem facito . Jejunus studebis , acscribes . FINIS . 
A48812	----	The schoole-masters auxiliaries, to remove the barbarians siege from Athens; advanced under two guides The first, leading by rule and reason to read and write English dexterously. The second, asserting the Latine tongue in prose and verse, to its just inlargement, splendor, and elegancy. Lloyd, Richard, 1594 or 5-1659. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A48812 of text R216876 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing L2671). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 72 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 31 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A48812 Wing L2671 ESTC R216876 99828593 99828593 33023 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A48812) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 33023) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1915:5) The schoole-masters auxiliaries, to remove the barbarians siege from Athens; advanced under two guides The first, leading by rule and reason to read and write English dexterously. The second, asserting the Latine tongue in prose and verse, to its just inlargement, splendor, and elegancy. Lloyd, Richard, 1594 or 5-1659. [4], 34, [4], 37-54 p. printed by T.R. for the author, London : 1654. By Richard Lloyd. With an initial errata leaf. Text is continuous despite pagination. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng English language -- Grammar -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Usage -- Early works to 1800. A48812 R216876 (Wing L2671). civilwar no The schoole-masters auxiliaries, to remove the barbarians siege from Athens; advanced under two guides. The first, leading by rule and reaso Lloyd, Richard 1654 12782 24 0 0 0 0 0 19 C The rate of 19 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2005-05 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-06 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-07 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2005-07 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Schoole-Masters AUXILIARIES , To remove the Barbarians Siege from Athens ; ADVANCED UNDER TWO GUIDES . The first , leading by Rule and Reason to read and write English dexterously . The second , asserting the LATINE TONGUE in Prose and Verse , to its just Inlargement , Splendor , and Elegancy . LONDON , Printed by T. R. for the Author . 1654. Errata . IN the first Guide , page 3. l. 6. and 7 place first j consonant and last i vowell , line 22. add u little Rakes head with the teeth upward , p 4. l. 17. change Co , cu , co , to Ca , cu , co , l. 19. blot Che , and l 20. add Chees , That 's good after meat , p 5. l. 13. blot s in words , p. 7. l. 3. change lynx to jynx , p. 8. l. 2. ●● i. for j. and l. 3. put u. for v. p. 10. l. 10. put e. for c. and l. 11. change c. into t. p. 11. l. 2. put u. for v. p 12. l 8 : place the Comma that is before with sound after them , p : 13 : l : 15 : blot the Comma p. 14. l. 10. put other for any , p. 16. l. 9. write commixtion , and l. 11. motion , p. 18. l. 25. add g. before m. or n. of the same syllable , as in fleagme , feigne , p. 19. l. 23. write not for no , p. 20. l. 21. blot own , p. 24. l , 7. write bloud for blood and l. 13. write bee for be p. 25. l. 1. write knowledge , p. 29. l. 4. put a Comma after couple , and change whereof to Then , l. 5. blot the Comma , p. 30. l. 3. write often times , and p. 38. l. 20. suffering , p. 40. l. 11. write 2. 8. for r. s . p. 43. l. 6. write where in . p , 44 , l. 2 , write leaning , p , 47 , l , 3 , write pulse , p , 48 , l , 26 , write regular , p , 50 , l , 7 , write heaven , l , 12 , write in appellative names of dignity , p , 51 , l , 17 , write Sr. yor . Mr: In the second Guide , p , 11 , l , 22 , write specifically , p. 12 , l , 11 , write animo , p , 25 , l , 3 , write defecimus , p , 37 , l , 27 , add unto the Rule , And it may come after an Infinitive of Verbs Substanive , or Passive of calling , in apposition to a precedent Accusative , as Nolo te meumesse aut dici Magistrum . p , 44 , l , 5 , write all Adjectives of three divers endings , p , 47 , l , 8 , write otis or es edis , p , 48 , l , 7 , after i , blot vel , c , p , 51 , l , 31 , write tristis for●ussi● , p , 56 , l , 11 , under Genitivo blot u , p , 61 , l , 21. after declined write alius ille & ipse , p , 68 , l , 28 , write ereor for tueo● , p , 71 , l , 14 , unto●eddo add abscondo ● , 22 , write Imitatives , p , 72 , l , 17 , before frequenta●ives blot simple , and after it blot being Polysyllables ● , 77 , l , 6 after the Infinitive Mood , add having alwaies the signe to , l , 16 , write abscindere , l , 28 , write Gerunds , p , 82 , l , 12 , write and in the Imperative , p , 89 , l , 14 , after of all blot other , p , 98 , l , 20 , write pol for sep : so p , 104 , l , 4 , p , 115 , l , 28 , blot the Comma between ruit and aeris , p , 127 , l , 22 , write eo for ec , p , 128 , l , 2 , write after adversum ante pone cis circiter circa before circum , p , 132 , l , 32 , write yet both as such , p , 138 , l , 9 , joyne praeterpropter , l , 23 , sever prae , clam , ad per , p : 143 : l : 24 : write Pleonasmus , p : 155 : l : 17 : write perhibent , p : 167 : l : 25 : write Juventutis , and blot the Colon after consors , l : 26 : write Comes for Compes , p : 171 : l : 30 : write with such other , p : 181 : l : 14 : write a judicious , p : 189 : l : 33 : write if really From page 192 , unto the end all the pages want orderly Numbers , according to which due orders , p : 199 : l : 26 write Learners , p : 200. l 16 : write as hou , p , 202 : l : 21 : write a forme , p : 206 : l : 34 : write caelebs for caelestis , p : 207 : l : 22 : place the Comma before , after Minions , l : 28 : write such Clients for her Clients . In Prosodia , p 1 : l. 12 : addito l , p : 4 : l : 13 : scribito hydra , p : 9 : l 9 : post abscindit dele i : necnon scribe Conia pro Covia , p. 13. l. 20. scribe l. five r. p. 14. l. 14 : scribe reicitquel : 18 quantitati , p : 15. l : 6 : scribe sic pro si , l : 13 : Vires pro vireo , p : 16 : l : 17 : scribe incrementi p : 17 l. 19 : scribe alterutrinquep : 19 : l : 14 , scribe per et enis , l. 19. Anienis , p. 21. l. 6. scribe hujuscemodi , l. 12. biduum , l : 19 : u. vel y. p : 24 l : 17 : scribe foris , l : 20 : Dativi Gerundiorum , l , 23 : ut co p : 9 : schedae C , atquel : 9 : scribe fertilioris , l : 18 : aspiratae , p : 10 : l : 1 : scribe utpote , l : 27 : scribe indolis pro imolis , p : 16 : l : 29. scribe nume : ro , l. 33 : Lyricorumquep : 17 : l : 16 : scribe sedi , p : 23 : l : 12 : scribe did actylo , p. 49. l. 18. scribe tetrametrum Maeonium , l. 19. sacrosancta , p. 50. l. 1. pone Comma post co● is . l , 8. scribe cogat pro rogat , l. 24. trinario pro trimario , l. 36 sic salus , p. 51 l. 9. iniquam , p. 52. l. 5 : tetrametrum , l. 14. ortum , l. 16 , Dianapasto . l : 20 : hypercatalectica , l : 32 , Idem Maeo nio , p : 53 : l : 32 : dacty lospondaicum , p : 54 : l : 1 : Quid , p : 55 , l : 12 : praesentia , l : 13 : quum , l. 32 : majestas tui , p , 56 : l : 31 : Idem trimetrum , p : 57 : l : 15 : condensius , p : 59 : l : 5 : longam , l : 11 : dicolon recipiens , p : 61 : 〈◊〉 Cumulatos , p : 63 : l : 31 : r●i metricae . Of Reading . SPEECH is no Guift of Nature , but an help of Art , which doth require a Method necessary as in other Offices , so in Reading , whether of Print , or Written Bookes : for which purpose this short Treatise is composed , prescribing plain and certain Rules unto the Reader , who must walke by steppes , and not by skips , else may proove lame and disabled for further Progress . Therefore hee that will read rightly , must learn first the Letters and their Properties , then proceed unto the nature and constitution of a Syllable ; and lastly to distribute Polysyllables to their just parts . Of Letters . LEtters are the first Elements of every word needfull to be perfectly known of Learners in three Properties . First , in the Shape or Figure . Secondly , in their Force or Power . Thirdly , in their severall Names taken from their severall powers in Pronunciation . The figure of Letters . THE Figure of Letters should be made familiar to the Learners , specially the different parts thereof distinguishing each from other , to prevent mistakes : and for that purpose Teachers may accustome Children to some easie resemblances of each Letter , suitable to their Wits . To prescribe therein ought satisfactory unto Schoole-masters , were impossible ; yet til better Judgment provide a better way , such as want a Guide may at first entrance begin with small Romane Letters , according to the Example following . a the halfe Hart. b the new Moon stuck at the bottome of a Stake . c the old Moon . d the old Moon stuck at the bottome of a Stake . e the weeping Moon . f the Thetchers Rake . g the Carriers Pack . h the back Chaire . i the long Stake halfe in the ground . j the little Stake with a Boitles head over it . k the back Chaire and Foot-stoole . l the long Stake above ground : m the great Rakes head with the teeth downward . n the little Rakes head with the teeth downward . o The ring , or full Moon . p The new Moon at the stakes head . q The old Moon at the stakes head . r The old Moon with a stake at her back . ss The hedghook and linke of a chain . t The old Moon spotted on the top . v The little Bell turned up . w Two Bells both turned up . x The cross , or two Bels tyed top to top . y The Bell and Rope . z The tack . Thus Learners may take perfect notice of every letter which of them are like , and by what unlikenesse each letter may be discerned from any other . The power of Letters . THe speediest and easiest way to gaine a certaine knowledg of every letters power in pronunciation will be , to assigne such names for them as will best expresse their sounds , and ( as neerly as can be comprehended in familiar words ) the meer pure sounds thereof having no mixture of any other with addition of some pleasing glosse for the learners better memory , as in the ensuing instances . a A The deafe mans answer . b B That doth make the honey . c CoCuco That doth sing always the same ditty . Che ceci The Latin for blind men . d D'ee Saith the Master when boyes do amiss . e E The Kids bleating . f Fee The Lawyers reward . g Gagogu The Ganders call . Gheegegi The Carters charge . h Hee That speaketh of a Male . j Iay That devoureth the garden fruit . i I The best Scholler . k Key That doth lock and unlock the doors . l Lee That is used to drive Buck-cloths . m Mee Whom all should favour . n Ney The speech of Horses . o O The wonderers language . p Pye Both bread and meate . ph Phy A note of dislike and loathing . qu Qui The latine for which . r Ree The drivers words to put Horses from him . ss See The office of the eyes . sh Shee Whereby we speak of Females . t T' ee The word amongst good fellows . th The thie That part between hip & knee . tio Tio The scene of hypocrites . v Vie The common exercise of Gamesters . u U A note of courting Doves . w Wee The Schollers . wh Why A word requiring reason . x Xee That fetcht up knotty flegme . y Yee The Teachers . z Zee The noise of hot iron in water . IT were an easie matter with coyning a new figure for every letter , to make their shape as well as sound to be sutable to their names . But such Hieroglyphicks , like new devised Characters , would conduce rather to enthral , then to enlarge knowleledg , being useful for the Learned , not for Learners , for acting private Interests , not advancing the publique good . Wherefore it is omitted as devious from that only end aimed at herein , to wit , the inabling of Learners to read with understanding those good Authors extant , never hoping to repaire the losse of such a fruitfull Harvest by the gleanings of new fangled fancies . Children may with their sports be taught their letters , having upon Dice or Cards the Alphabet instead of spots , as a. for Ace , b. for Blanck , c. for Catre , d. for Dewse , or the like invention for such and all the rest . Otherwise , wealthy men may with small charge , and their childrens great encouragement in learning , procure severall pictures to be exactly drawn , and coloured , with the first letters of their names : as for instance , Anthus , Bittor , Cocke , Dove , Eagle , Finch , Goose , Hawke , Iay , Kite , Larke , Martin , Nightingale , Owle , Pye , Quail , Rooke , Snite , Teale , Vultre , Widgeon , Iynx , Yelamber , buzZard , or some other names of any creatures most familiar to the Schollars , and agreeable to the purpose , being useful to make Learners more readily remember both the shapes and sounds of letters , but further are not fit for proper names , conducing to spell words thereby , wherein the only expedient must be a recourse unto the Abcedary . The distribution of the Letters . TO perfect knowledg in the sound of Letters , it will be necessary to understand that some are Vowells , and that the rest are Consonants . Of Vowells . The Vowels , so called , because they sound of themselves , are six , a. e. i. o. u. y. all which are aspirated , having h. before them . Of Consonants . Consonants , so named , because having no sound of their owne , they joyn in sound with vowels , are twenty , b c d f g h i k l m n p q r s t u w x z. The division of Consonants . Consonants are considered with reference either formally to the sound , or instrumentally to the Organs that frame the sound , or accidentally to their variation ; for some by conjunction with different letters differ in their sounds . Their division by the sound . Consonants with reference to their sounds are mutes , liquids , asperates , or double consonants . Of Mutes . The Mutes are eleven , b c d f g k p q t j v. so called , because of themselves they have no sound , neither will any two thereof move before a vowell in English words , nor but seldome after . In Greek words they will move before by couples , as in Bdellium , Ctesiphon , Ptolomy . Of Liquids . The liquids or halfe-vowels are five , l m n r w. whereto some add s and h ; so named , because having clearer sound then mutes , and being liker unto vowells , two or more of them together , or joyned unto mutes , will move with any vowell : as in shrill , strength . Of Aspirates . The Aspirates are nine , s h ch gh ph sh wh th and tio , and in Greek words rh . Of double Consonants . The double Consonants are two , x and z , either of both having the sound of a mute and liquid , as Axe , sounding like Acse , and Maze like madse ; whereto may be added the former Aspirates , having a double sound . Division of Consonants by the Organs . Consonants referring to the Organs , whereon they sound are gutturalls , palatalss , linguals , dentals , labials . Of Gutturalls . Gutturalls sounding from the throate are seven , a e i o u y and w , whereto may be added gh wh . Of Palatalls . Palatalls sounding on the roof of the mouth are seven , r s x z j consonant , with e and g before e and i vowell , whereto may be added c before h , and c before i , with another vowell following . Of Lingualls . Linguals sounding on the tongue are four , k q and c g both before a o u. Of Dentalls . Dentals sounding on the teeth are foure , d l n t and t h. Of Labialls . Labialls sounding on the lips are five , u b f m p ; whereto may be added ph . Division of Consonants by variation of the word . Few letters in any tongue , whether vowels or consonants , but with reference to the affections of words , are mutable , and so they are found in English , as I , mee , wee , us , thou , thee , you , hee , him , they , them , shee , her , mine , our , thine , your , his , their , foot , feet , staffe , staves , man , men , am , art , is , are , doe , did , have , had , make , made , flee , fled , flown , buy , bought , dare , durst , slay , slew , slaine , helpe , holpe , smite , smote , smitten , sling , slang , slung , and in such other words ; yet in other Languages letters are not varied , either so many , or so often , as in the Greek and Latine , having severall Declensions and Conjugations , which other tongues do generally want , and therefore have fewer mutable letters . It is a property of English , that some letters by conjunction amongst themselves in syllables doe become mutable only in sound or power , not in shape or figure , which will appear in the following observations upon the severall letters . Of the constitution of Syllables . The premises rightly understood , will easily inform Learners in the nature of a syllable , being the least part of a word pronounced , with sound so named , as comprising no more but a single note , which may be either any of the six vowels severally , as wee are wont to say ( a by it selfe ) or a composure of two , or more letters , whether they be all vowels , called homogeneous syllables , as being all of a kind , and called Dipthongs , as carrying a double sound , or else be vowels and consonants joyned together , called heterogeneous syllables , because made of divers kinds of letters , which may be many in the same syllable , as in straights . Of single syllables . A I and O are oft found separable , but any other vowel as well as they will require in many words to be spelled apart , as in a-men , e-quall , i-doll , o-ven , u-surp , y-ron . Of heterogeneous Syllables . Syllables made of Vowels , or Dipthongs joyned with Consonants in words of one or many Syllables , beginning with Vowels or Consonants , and these either Mutes , or Liquids , severally or joyntly are in particular instanced in the Abcedary , or Primar . The reason of dividing Syllables . EVery Syllable that doth not end a word , should end in a Vowell , if no more Consonants follow then will begin a word , according to the series of words , beginning with Mutes , and Liquids in the following Abcedary . When more Consonants follow , the precedent Vowell then will begin a word , those over and above what will begin a word should be taken with the precedent , and all the rest being initials should be put to the next succeeding Vowell , as in pur-chas , brasse-panne : Such Consonants as otherwise would begin a word , being parcels of many words compounded , and commonly the formatives of words derived , should be severed , as in composition , so in derivation , to notifie their respective condition ; so not a-brupt , but abrupt , not co-gnize , but cog-nize , not di-suse but dis-use , and pas-ture , not pa-sture , scripture , not scri-pture , doc-trine , not do-ctrine pleas-ed , not plea-sed , but pla-ced , ra-ging because c. and g. move onely before e. and i● in that peculiar sound , having different sound when they move after any Vowell . Observations upon the Letters tending to right Syllabizing . THough to strengthen Memory by the sound of knowne words , sundry Consonants are moved in the former Names by sundry Vowels , yet were it very expedient i● framing Syllables to move all Letters uniformly , as in the following Abcedary , no onely Vowels , as in the common Alphabet but also Consonants , to wit , as bee , cee dee ; so likewise see , gee , hee , &c. all in a distinct sound from any Vowell , thereby making them receptible of the sound of every Vowell without confusion in a repetition of the same sound in spelling , From which Rule must he excepted , ce , ci , tio , differing them from see ; and key , differing it from cee , and jay , differing it from ge , gi , and phy , differing it from fee . And lastly yee , differing it from i. reserving onely unto these the former Names , assigned to expresse their power in Pronunciation , for better notice of distinct Characters , having the same common sound . The Letters j and v have either of them two distinct Figures , one as Vowels , the other as Consonants , and therewith a distinct sound , the property of distinct Letters . Wherefore if either next before a Vowell , or a Dipthong doth begin a Syllable ; as injoyn , rejoyn , vail , prevail , or if v after a Vowell , or after I or after r in the same Syllable doth end it , as in cave , knives , calves , carve , then they are Consonants , else both are alwaies Vowels . The Letter s without change of sounds hath change of Figures ; the last , being properly finall , is designed in that figure to close words with more grace in a lesser , modell . Other Letters in English have more sounds then Figures , whereas in the Mother Tongues each aspirate , as ch ph th in Greek , and the same with gh sh in Hebrew , have every one their peculiar figure yeelding their entire sound . It is proper to the Latine with modern Autors , that t hath a sibilation sounding like s before i , and another vowel in middle syllables , having neither s nor x immediately precedent , as in Caution : not in fustian , commixion : And in English both vowels with t make but one sylable , as in Cretians , pa-tient , moiton , all dissylables wel known in poetical measure . W. is a letter proper unto English , and before a vowell moveth only with h and r as in who , wrote ; but after vowels moveth with t d k or any liquids , as in spowt , bawd , hawke , brawl , rewm , downe , flower , stewes , and with c in the sound of s , as in sawce . Q. is a letter proper to the Latine tongue , associated every where with u , else doth sound like k , another letter proper to the English , and both sound like c before a o u , before which vowels g doth keep like sound , but not quite so strongly . Both c and g have always a strong sound in the end of syllables , except e silent doth immediately follow , as in ne-glect ; but both moving after vowels with h are aspirated , as in high , rich , and c with h moving before a vowell , as in chiefe : both c and g moving before e i or y being the finall vowels , are softned , as in clemence , or cle-men-cie , or cle-men-cy , sponge , or spongie , and every where before e or i in any Latine word , as in centre , circle , gentle , gi-ant ; but in English words g doth commonly sound strongly , as in get , give , and likewise moving with silent h before a vowell , as in ghost , & also c moving with h silent in words borrow'd from the Hebrew and Greek , as Chemosh , Character . In the beginning of Greek words h after r●s soundlesse , as in Rhetoricke : And the finall h in Hebrew words is silent , as in Selah , Sarah , so is h in Iohn . The finall e moveable in all proper names being of other Languages , as Iesse , Phoebe , is alwayes silent , or quiescent in English words , except in , the , where the office of e being silent , is to soften the next precedent letter , as in robe , differing it from rob , and it retaineth the same office in the midst of compounds , or derivatives , as in robe-like , a-merce-ment , in-gage-ment , and so it doth continue silent with a finall s , the common note of pluralls , or genitives , for , of , as in robes , or in a robes place , for the place of a robe ; but that finall e will move in pluralls , between consonants of like sound , to keep either from being soundlesse , as in faces , patches , wages , wedges , roses , rushes , foxes , and such others ; so in all Exotick proper names , as Chremes , unles they be forced by custome to an English termination , as Theb's , Rhod's . Moreover u will be silent with a finall e after q and g in words both simple and compounded , as in relique , plague , relique-like , plagues-marke , where u silent doth fortifie g , as also in guest , guide , and such like . Lastly , o before a finall n doth after liquids give no sound , as in prison , iron , which are pronounced prisne , irne : Likewise ou is silent after v consonant , and before a finall r in primitives or derivatives , as in favour , favourable , pronounced fav're , favorable : so is e silent before a finall n and r , as in Stev'n , giv'n , ev'n , nev'r , flow're , tabre , massacre , powdre , maugre , capre , flatre , smoothre , and such like . O is silent between ti and us in the same syllable , as in spa-tious . And any vowell by Crasis or Synaeresis may be silent , or change sound in the improper dipthongs , as in the following instances . A in Aetna , ease , beauty , goat . E in view , rheum , George , neutre , friend . I in chief , fruit . O in Oedipus , feoffe , people , bloud , good , precious . U in auncient , guile , humours , Y in Iay , key , pronounced like Iea , kea . The vulgar use in English Schooles to desert uniformity of names , or to keep constantly to one sound of letters , are either way exceeding prejudiciall unto Learners , and therefore do require some good redresse . It is against both rule and reason of the best Grammarians , that y a vowell sounding of it selfe should take thereto a consonant to expresse its sound , being vulgarly called wy . And it is no lesse irregular , that w , a playne consonant , and no vowell should be called double u , a name taken from the figure , not from the form or sound , which should denominate letters : And so it is no lesse incongruous that all consonants have no uniform names beginning with their proper sound , moved by a subsequent vowell ; not some by subsequent , as bee , cee , dee , others by precedent Vowels , as ef el em en es ex ar , and others by precedent and subsequent , as izard ; which complication of letters in the name would amaze a learner to find out the proper sound of letters that are so named . It is likewise unreasonable , that h a meer aspiration serving to any vowell , and to many other consonants , no lesse then c should from thi● last be called ach , if it must have no proper name being due thereto , as having distin●● shape and sound , it should with more equit● joyno in the appellative name with s , as ne●● rest thereto in sound and nature , both being Aspirations ; wherefore Sir with us in the Saxon tongue , whence English cometh , called Her. The fore-mentioned letters I. U. C. ● with all the Aspirates , must be allowed different sounds , and therewith names , or el●● the names and sounds which should be suitable , will by their own unconformities beg●● mistakes , yet will be read for jet , wary for very , mask for mack , rage for rag , and in li●● sort other words , if as it ought the sound shound be pursued rightly . Now if ●●ny should tell John Doe , having sheep maked with A. B. that A. is for John , and B. for Doe , neither A. nor B. conferring any sound proper to any letter of his name , it would be thought those sheep were plundered , and so passe for a bitter jeer . And so we are no lesse mocked with names of letters that are impertinent to their sounds . True it is , that such names are at last corrected in the practick part , and custome doth over-master the first errour against the known sound and common sense : But it would be farr more congruous and successefull , that principles and practice should concurre with us , leaving that property to the French men , who affect a pronunciation of their words quite different from what they are in print or writing . This did move the Author to propound a new Abcedary , with a Preface , declaring the true reasons of Innovation , being no affectedness , which he doth most deeply abominate , much lesse any inclination to disturb the vulgar , whom he heartily endeavoureth by much hardship in this enterprise , though seeming never so despicable , to releive by a surer and shorter way of gayning literature : And for evidencing the truth thereof , hee doth willingly referre himselfe to any impartiall Judgements to determine which way shall seem most reasonable and likeliest to succeed with most proficiency upon a just comparison of the principles in rules and practise of either methods , to wit , of the vulgar way formerly accustomed , and of the new form here propounded , desiring first these premonitions to be remembred . The rules of right and ready spelling . 1. ALl letters joyning in one sound should passe under one name , agreeable to that sound , as in Dipthongs , and quee tio , with all aspirate consonants instanced in the examples following , and ca co cu ceci , ga go gu ge gi , having no certain sound , but as moved by certain vowels , should for a certainty be moved constantly therewith . Learners also should observe the difference between cee or gee fortified , moving after vowels , and ce or ge mollified before e i or y in the end of words , or in any place of Latine words . 2. The letters h o u and e should be notified when they are silent as a just account when their sound is missing : And so should a silent vowell in any improper Dipthong be likewise specified where one vowel only soundeth by Synaeresis , or the succeeding sound , when the sounds of both vowels are changed by Crasis . Therefore in pursuance of the proper sound of every letter , being the peculiar use or end thereof , take this particular theme as a pattern for all others . Good Physitians ought to quit vitious humours with what speed they can , striving next to ingender wholsome blood : And the chief care in Christian Schools should be zealously to eject errours from childrens lives and judgment , then to endeavour quick progresse in vertue and knowledg meet for ingenuity . The practicke way of spelling . Gee double o ( for long u ) dee ( good ) phy yee phy see i si tia nee see tians ( Physitians ) ou ( for o long ) ghee tee ( ought ) tee o ( to ) quee l double tee ( e silent ) ( quitte ) vee i vi tiou ( o being silent ) see tious ( vitious ) hee , u hu mee ou ( for o long ) ree see mours ( humours ) wee i thee ( with ) whee a tee ( what ) see pee double e ( for shrill e ) dee ( speed ) thee ey ( they ) ca nee ( can ) see tee ree i vee striv i nee gee ing ( striving ) nee e xee tee ( next ) tee o ( to ) i nee in ge nee gen dee e ree der ( ingender ) whee o lee ( e silent ) whole see o mee ( e silent ) some ( wholsome ) bee lee ou ( for u long ) dee ( blood ) A nee dee ( And ) thee e ( the ) chee ie ( for e shrill ) fee ( chief ) cee a ree ( e silent ) ( care ) i nee ( in ) cee ( he silent ) ree i chri see tee i sti a nee an ( Christian ) see cee ( hee silent ) double o ( for u long ) e silent ) see ( Schooles ) shee ou ( for u long ) lee dee ( should ) bee double e ( for shrill e ) be ) zee ea ( for e long ) zea lee ou see lous lee yee ly ( zealously ) tee o ( to ) e ( by it self ) jee e cee tee ject ( eject ) e ree er ree ou ( for o long ) ree see rours ( errours ) fee ree o mee ( from ) chee i lee dee child ree e nee see rens ( childrens ) lee i vee ( e silent ) see ( lives ) a nee dee ( and ) jee u dee ge ( silent ) judge mee e nee tee ment ( judgment ) thee e nee ( then ) tee o ( to ) e nee en dee ea ( for e long ) dea vee ou ( for o long ) ree vour ( endeavour ) or dee ea vee ( ou silent ) ree deav'r ( endeav'r ) quee i cee key ( quick ) pee ree o pro gee ree e see gres ( progres ) i nee ( in ) vee e ree ver tee u e silent tue ( vertue ) a nee dee ( and ) kee nee o wee know lee e dee ge ( silent ) ledge ( knowledg ) mee double c tee ( meet ) fee o ree ( for ) i nee ( in ) ge ( by it selfe ) nee u nu i ( by it selfe ) tee yee ty ( ingenuity . ) Thus a just account is given of every letter in the right sound thereof : and when the same is silent , or doth vary from the proper sound , which the vulgar Alphabet cannot perform , wanting convenient principles , whence the common people versed onely thereunto ever failed in Orthography ; for when they write their own affaires , after much racking of their wits , it were easier to uncipher characters , then to read their riddles Therefore being quitted by these or the like helps from the thralldome of the former evill grounded custome , though at the first use the strangenes of a new method may seem irksome , yet learners in short time will find therein both ease and pleasure , joyned with much profit , to their no lesse contentment , then amazement , that they were freed no sooner . Directions to teach and learn with profit . 1. Of Prayer . TEachers before and after Schoole-employments , both in the Morning and Afternoon , should make humble addresses to the Father of lights , the Author of Wisdome and all good things in a set form of devotion appointed by grave judgement of godly Magistrates , as fittest for publique use , which should be common and familiar to all the company , that God may blesse their labours , without which no good successe can be expected . 2. Of Catechisme . Masters likewise ought once or twice in every week to design a set time for catechising of their Schollers in authorized formes ; for by such instructions they will better understand what grace they want , and more heartily petition for it , and more seriously endeavour to exercise it in their daily practise . Of attendance in School-time . It is necessary that Masters be constantly present with their company to keep Learners to their several tasks , else improvident youth will be disperately carelesse to improve their time . 4. Of short Lessons . Learners will be much encouraged by small and easie lessons , whereas greater tasks might soon amaze them . 5. Of slow and sure progresse . He that will teach with speed and good successe , must not suffer Schollers to proceed untill they are perfect in that which they have in hand : as for instance , none can read with reason , or understandingly , that cannot syllabize rightly , or be made a perfect speller , except he doth first know the affections of letters for the constitution of a syllable , or understand their affections , without knowledg of their certaine sounds , or be free from errour in any of the premisses , being not well skilled in the distinct figure of every letter , each degree being subservient one to another in the due progresse made therein . 6. Of entring beginners carefully . A small errour at first entrance will soone get ground , and hardly be discontinued , which should adde to the Masters care , that each beginner be first entred by himselfe , or by such as he may trust , and in his presence , untill the Novice is well acquainted with the properties of all letters and monosyllables , and enabled by the Laws thereof to divide the polysyllables to their just parts , according to the rules prescribed in that behalf . 7. Of putting syllabizers to set forms . Schollars that can syllabize rightly , will be made therein more ready , if they be ranged into forms by couples , or rather by three or foure in company ; that while one doth spell the Lesson , the rest giving good heed thereto , some may learn thereby to do the like : And others that have better skill may reform mistakes of him that is the Reader , untill all of them by turnes have spelled , and read their Lesson : And in conclusion , they may equally divide the Lesson into severall parts , for every couple whereof , each one in his turn reading word by word in his Book , the others part may require his Partner to spel the same accordingly without book : And the Reader that heedeth the same by Book , may reform all errours of the speller , swarving thence ; which being used with care and diligence for a while , will for ever after make right spelling habitual to the company . 8. Of Schollars communicating knowledg . Schollars that have attayned the true reason of reading rightly will be much perfected therein by reducing received precepts to frequent practise , which is done to the best advantage when such do teach their fellowes ; for as the more ingenious are thereby more exercised , so the duller sort are more capable of instruction from them , having among themselves an easier method in a proportion neer their own capacity , by a more familiar discourse , fuller of freedome for ingenuity to expresse it selfe where there is no disgrace for mistakes , no feare of offence , much lesse any amazement , as oft as it hapneth in rendring to hasty Masters , besides that Schollers made super-visors of their fellows , are far more studious and considerate in teaching others , then when they learn themselves , expecting more credite or disgrace as guides , then guided : And in such Schollers exercise , Masters , who have forgotten that they were children , may by fresh experience finde what will suite with childrens wits , and apply all industry thereunto . 9. Of emulation bred in Schollers . It will much excite the wit of Learners to nourish in them a conceit of excellency , and set each at strife with other who shall be most eminent , and upon fit occasions to foment such good ambition . 10. Of retributions . Proficients should be encouraged with any lawful contentments , specially such as are serviceable to their own and others further progress , as by notifying to them , that all the credit , profit , and pleasure that befall them , are attendants on ingenuity : and contrariwise loiterers should be discountenanced by abridgment of their delights , adding thereto some disgrace and penance , as by sticking at their girdle a rod , or by branding their hands with ferules , so making them exemplary to their company , untill they do repair their former negligence by more care and industry . 11. Of time to be spent at Schoole . Schollers should not ordinarily be kept unto their Books above four hours together , or lesse then two : an abatement hurteth lesse then an excesse therein ; for that doth onely delay proficiency , this doth dull the Learners , and quite discourage them . 12. Of Schollers recreations . Recreations should not be granted in School-time , but as the reward of former , or bribe of future diligence ; and the sports allowed should be by speciall thoise proportioned to advance ingenuity as wel as to refresh the Body , and therefore free from uncivility unto men , and much rather from dishonour unto God . 13. Of correcting evill manners . Common faults of ordinary conversation should be corrected by Parents , or other Friends at home where they are committed , not brought to Schoole for punishment , which would more endeer that place to Learners , where the Masters presence doth acquit them of such crimes : But otherwise to make Schooles houses of correction , will make Schollers no lesse impatient of good literature , then of the severity annext thereto . 14. Of removing Truants . Masters after friendly exhortations unto vertue , and implacable dislike declared unto vices , to prevent contagion in the company , should remove the unreclaimable , continuing either in prophaneness against the known principles of piety , or contumaciousnesse against the rules of government , the maine support of humane society , specially when either is defended with a flourish of excogitate sophistry , a plain evidence of impenitency capitall in childhood , by a maxime in the Law , that malice doth comprehend a man-hood . The Abcedary , Or Primar Teaching . The Figure , power , and names of letters with their affections for framing SYLLABLES . a A b Bee c Cee ca co cu c Ce Ci. ch Chee . d D'ee e E. f Fee . g Gee ga go gu g Ge Gi gh Ghee h Hee Vowels b. e. a. e. i. o. u. y. Consonants 27. 11. Mutes , b c d f g k p q t j r 7. Liquids , l m n r s w h. 2. Double consonants , x z 7 Aspirates , ch gh ph sh wh th tio . 9 Mutable in sound , c g h j p ● t u w. Quiescent vowels are sometimes e o u , or any vowel a. A. b. Bee . c Cee . ca. co . cu. ce . ci . ch. Chee . d. Dee . e. E. f. Fee . g Gee . ga : go gu . ge gi . gh . Ghee . h. Hee . j. Jay . i. I. k. Key . l. Lee . m. Mee . n. Nee . o. O. p. Pee . ph . Phy. qu. Quee. r. Ree . s . s. See . sh . Shee . t. Tee . th . Thee . tio . Tio . v. Vee . u. U. w. Wee . wh . Whee . x. Xee . y. Yee . z. Zee . Six Vowells , a. e. i. o. u. y. twenty seven Consonants , whereof eleven Mutes , b. c. d. f. g. k. p. q. t. j. v. and seven Liquids , l. m. n. r. s . w. h. and two double Consonants , x. z. and seven Aspirates , ch. gh . ph . sh . wh . th . tio . likewise nine thereof be mutable in sound , c. g. h. i. p. s . t. u. w. and five Quiescents , g. before m. and n. with h. e. o. u. or any Vowell in improper Dipthongs , eighteen proper Dipthongs , ai . au . ay . ei . eu . ey . ia . ie . io . oi . ou . oy ua : ue . ui . ya . ye . yo . Eighteen improper Dipthongs , A. long aa . au . E. long , ae . oe . ea . ay . ey . E. shrill , ee . eo . J. long , ie . ei . O. long , eo . oa . ou . V. long , eu . ou . oo . ui . Five Homogeneous Syllables , aye . eye . yea , yee , you . Heterogeneous Syllables of Consonants and Vowells . ab . eb . ib. ob . ub . ba . be . bi . bo . bu . by . ac . ec . ic . oc . uc . ca. co . cu. ce . ci . cy . cha. che . chi . cho . chu . chy . ag . eg . ig og . ug . augh , eigh , ough , ja , je , jo , ju , av , ev , iv , ov , va , ve , vi , vo , vu , vy . aph , eph , iph , oph , uph . pha , phe , phi , pho , phu , phy . ash , esh , ish , osh , ush . sha , she , shi , sho , shu . qua , que , qui , quo . ath , eth i th , oth , uth . tha , the , thi , tho , thu , thy . tia . tie , tij , tio , tiu . wha , whe , whi , who , why . barne , best , bitch , both , buckles , campe , centre , circle , coble , curst , chyts , dazle , fence , gigs , giv'n , gotte , gulph , gathre , geld , gentle , hight , john , kysse , lust , maze , nev'r , pith , philtre , quote , rogues , reliques , sawce , shelfe , tithes , tongues , thirst , po-tion , vultre , wart , whelpe Xe●-Xes , yorke , Zuph . Syllables of Consonants and proper Dipthongs . Gain-full , laugh-ter , pay-able , feig-ned , beu-ty , ney-ing , Gra-tian , pa-tient , mo-tion , vi-tious , joi-full , howse-wife , toylesome , per-suade , banquet , lan-guish , yately , yelping , yo-ked . Syllables of Consonants with improper Dipthongs . Aa-ron aun-tient , Ae-gipt , Phoe-bus , plea-sant , of-pray , money , feoste-ment , theev-ish , peopl-ed , neigh-bour , chiefest , yeo-man , geor-gicks , roaring , humour , unthought , guilfull , roach-es , fav-rable , neu-ter , spatious , bloudy , good-nes , fruit-full . Syllables of Mutes and Liquids before Vowells or Dipthongs . Bdel-li-um , black , bread , chrisme , cloistre , Cneius , crawle , Cte-nes , draught , dwell , fleagme , fringe , ghost , glaunce , py●gmeys , gnash , grudge , guest , knight , Mne-ster , phrase , plague , Pnyx , pris'n , psalmes , pti-san , rhewme , Sceptre , Schoole , sclandre , scruple , shields , shrove , skaines , sleights , smoothre , snafle , speake-spleen , sprinkle , squibs , stople , strugle , switch , through , thwarte , Tmo-lus , troubles , twice , wharfe , wreathes . GOod Physitians ought to quit vitious humours with what speed they can , striving next to ingender wholesome bloud : And the chiefe care in Christian Schooles should be zealously to eject errours from Childrens lives and judgment , then to end eavour quick progresse in vertue and knowledge , meet for ingenuity . OUr father which art in Heaven , Hallowed be thy Name , thy Kingdome come , thy will be done , in Earth as it is in Heaven , give us this day our daily bread , and forgive us our Trespasses , as we forgive them that trespasse against us , and lead us not into temptation , but deliver us from evill , for thine is the Kingdome , the Power , and the Glory , for ever , and ever , Amen . Of Mutes and Liquids , with either of them . Blaines , bread , cheese , chrisme , cloistre , Cnei-us , crawle , Cte-sias , drench , flegme , freeze , glut , gnash , grief , grig , knight , mne-ster , phrase , pledge , pneu-ma-tick , prince , psalm , pti-san , quit , rhewm , sceptre , school , sclaundre , shield , shrouds , skains , sleights , smoothre , snuffle , spouse , springs , square , stewes , stroaks , swim , the , thrush , thwart , Theo-pole-mus , Tmo-lus , troubles , twyn , wharfe , wreathes . Of Polysyllables . Ab-ra-ham , Bel-te-shaz-zar , Cle-o-phas , Dy-o-ny-si-us , E-le-a-zar , For-tu-na-tus , Ga-ma-li-el , Ha-ba-cuc , Is-ra-el , Ke-ren-hap-puck , Le-mu-el , Ma-la-chi-as , Na-than , O-ba-di-as , Phi-ne-as , Quar-tus , Re-chab , Sam-son , Ti-mo-thie , U-ri-as , Wen-ces-laus , Xan-thus , Yo-lan-da , Ze-lo-tes , Hal-le-lu-jah . Copies , or Presidents . 1. i u n m c e o x r s t z v w a q g j p y l b d h k f ff s ss sh . 2. ambm amdm emsm gmhm jmim kmlm mmnm ompm quirm smstm vmum wmxm ymzm , &c. 3. Expect thy selfe surprized here in toyles , Being quit of them , take heed of worser foyls . 4. A. B. D. P. R. C. G. X. O. Q. S. E. Z. L. I. T. F. H. K. M. N. U. V. W. Y. 5. A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. 6. Who is content with his afflicting fate , Doth place therein his bliss , though not till late Intirely reap't , Ropasts suffice him now , Hard crusts at worke , when he doth leave the plow ; Being well assur'd of endless feast and Ease ; That maketh hardship the mean while to please . A stocke , or Stoicke he 's not without sense Of suffering , his support is Continence , Grounded on faith , that matter must take form From passive pow'r , freed from destructive storme : Loe he delights in durance , not as blisse , Nor end , but meanes , which nev'r thereof do misse . Know then that Vertues Quintessence , whose Zeal , Yea Xanthicke venome , turns to healthy meale . The rules of Art in writing . 1. SUch as will learn to write with good proficiency , ought as a necessary ground or principle thereof , have a perfect skill in Reading : And being so farr prepared , they should make it their first care to marke well their Copies , observing therein the shape of every letter in the likenesse and unlikenesse of each to others ; for which purpose both sorts of letters , small and capitall are ranged for the Learners easier apprehension , in such an order as they have most affinity among themselves , the leading Characters in either Alphabet shewing the way how the rest that follow may be performed with the best advantage . 2. Learners should likewise know the terms of Art in writing : as for instance , they should know the threads , as , - which do begin and end all letters , joyning each to other in every word , and therefore should be made as small as Pen can draw them , to be thereby distinguished from the main part of any letter , the down-right strokes , as i u n m called Minims ; the waved stroaks , as r s t v w a z : the rounds , as c e o x : the stems or pillars , as b d l h k : the reversed or sloape , as j p y g q : the full length , as f s : the traverse or crosse thread , as in t and f : Last , the parallels of foure sorts , that is to say , the meane sort , all contained in a double line , as a c e i m n o r s t u v w x z , the over-lines , as b d h k l : the underlines , as g j p q y : the over and underlines , as f s . 3. It should be further understood , that the breadth or fulnesse of every stroake ( the thread excepted ) ought to be made equall in all letters of the same sort , whether small or Capitall , proportionable to the rest of the same ranke ; for to make some stroaks thicker , and others thinner , either in the same letters , or others of the same sort , doth argue too much impetuousnesse . 4 The fulnesse of every stroak in all the smaller letters , should be a just third part of the length of meane letters , and their length an even halfe length of the over , or under-line letters : But the over and under-line letters should have thrice the length of mean . 5. The distance between word and word in every line should be the breadth of three down-right strokes called Minims , and between letter and letter in every word the breadth of one such stroke ; in which space the thread should joyne the end of every letter to the beginning of the next that doth successively follow throughout the whole word : such composures of letters keeping a just proportion of the severall parallels in fulnesse compasse , light and length , are called equidistances , adding a meet decency to all writings , necessary to be aimed at industriously , and attayned to by Learners : But an ignorance of the Premises will disable both Masters readily to informe , and Schollars rightly to understand which way to draw the letters , where and why the same being made may be allowed , or where and how they fail . 6. Teachers at first entrance of their Schollers should draw before them a dry pen upon the letters in the Copy , and then give the pen unto the Learners , and make them do the same , and tell them when they doe amisse ; and if need require , guide their hand , and not give them over untill they doe it rightly , being a necessary helpe to a further progresse . 7. Pit Instruments being provided ; that is to say , a viall of shining Inke , good Pens , a smooth Rule , and flat for steadinesse , a little Compass , a keen soft-edged Knife , and strong smooth Paper folded for short lines , in the first Copy-book four leaves to a sheet , and five or six sheets to a Book . Then Learners should be taught with their Compasse to prick their Paper-books at three lengths of Minims between prick and prick , and afterwards to take the Rule and draw a double line upon every prick with the Compasse points , or a forked quill made distant a Minims length , where all empty spaces between such double lines will be two Minims length , for the over and under-line letters just height and depth to keep them from encroaching either upon the others places : Or the Paper-book may be ruled in a speedier way with a piece of Iron or Ivory made comb-wise , with short and sharp teeth , fitted to draw lines equally distant at a Minims length each from another ; wherein every four lines , the first will bound the height of the over-line letters , and the fourth will bound the depth of underline letters , and the two middle lines will bound both height and depth of mean letters : Likewise the three first lines wil bound both height and depth of Capitals , sorting therein with over-line letters : And each several bound being made familiar in writing , by ruled lines after frequent use thereof , will grow customary and habituall without ruling . 8. After preparation as aforesaid , the Scholler sitting at some distance from Deske or Table whereon his Book is layd , with an upright body toward the light , should take his pen ( dipt in Inke so full as none may drop from it ) between the two fore-fingers of his right hand set out at length , & the thumb meeting the foremost finger on the other side of the pen , having the back upward , and the cut side leaning close under the naile upon the top of the middle finger , having the two lesser closed together , leaving under it for a certaine stay to give a quick impulsion , with all advantage to the Pen , being held gently and stedily , not griped hard , being a let to speed , which doth give the lustre and life to writing . 9. Then the Learner should set out his pen , hand , and arme wel setled to the elbow , kept close unto his body , straight towards his Paper-book , having thereon a blotting piece , both to keep clean his Book , and to assay therein all difficult letters before he doth write them in his Book for good : And withall he should lay his left hand fingers , two over and two under the writing place , or keep the point of a Knife in that hand , close under the line that he doth write upon , either of both helps being needful to keep the paper-book smooth and steady in the writing place . In which posture he should begin with Minims , both as the easiest Characters , and as the principles to all other letters , which will be a competent exercise for some dayes employment . 10. If any Novice prove so dull , that hee doth not understand how to frame his letters by the former rules , specially when he cometh to some difficult strokes in the over and under-line letters , it will be requisite that the Teacher with a leaden pen doth draw before him such hard letters , giving him good notice at every turn , and afterwards require him in the same manner to draw his writing Pen , being full of Inke , upon those letters ; for after such experiments a Learner can hardly mistake right draughts : And such attempts of diligence will be most necessary in the first draughts of Capitall letters , whereof in their due place . 11. Young Writers must not be suffered at the first entrance to scribble , or follow their owne fancy , or frame letters in any other way then according to their Copie , and the directions of their Teacher , or to proceed faster then they can make good proficiency , or to begin the transcribing of any letter in fewer draughts then a whole line , or more , as need requireth , and so to continue in their progresse untill they can attain a true and perfect stroke in all the Alphabet , according to the first Copy or President . 12. When Learners are well skilled in the draughts of the smaller letters , it will be expedient , before they enter upon the Capitall , to teach them upon fresh memory how to joyne the same together , first by couples with m after every letter in proportion of so many words , as in the second Copy ; and when that is performed regularly , to proceed unto the third succeeding president : both which will require much time to gain therein perfection ; for Learners should endeavour therein exact performance of all circumstances required in the third and fourth , and fifth precedent Rules . 13. After a good habite gotten in composing handsomely all the letters in severall words , Learners may conveniently assay to form the Capitall or great letters , as it is prescribed in the tenth rule , and in the fourth and fifth copies : But that worke being the Master-piece , should be done piece-meale to gaine therein the mastery , being the knottiest parcell in all the taske : and when that is well accomplished , Learners will only want a constant exercise of transcribing the sixth and last Copie , to make the due joyning of small and great letters alike habituall , which is never performed dexterously , untill the Writer can finish any word with a light and nimble pul , before he taketh off the pen , the only way to make smooth cleer letters , which slow pen-men will never attaine unto with their oft correcting , the Art becoming thereby tedious to such Dullards , which to swift Pen-men is delightful in dispatch of businesse with speed and ease , the Authors chief end in these directions . 14. Writers should add to their former knowledg a competent skill , to make and amend their Pens , which is sooner learned by the guidance of a well skilled Teacher , then by Book-rules , be they never so exact ; yet to supply defects , Learners may use the Instructions following , to wit , taking Goose quils , the strongest and roundest that they can choose , let them first scrape cleane a quill , and rub it smooth , then cut slope-wise the fore-part thereof two inches long ; next fork the back part at end . Afterwards , giving it with their knife a short straight cleft in the midst of the fork , let them slit the cleft with another quill an inch deep , straight and smooth , without snarling : And lastly , let them them cut the quill first on the side next to the thumb , then upon the fingers side , after the form of the pens wherewith they wrote before ; so cutting smooth the nib , being left twice as long as the slit upon the naile of their left hands thumb , and enlargeing the slope of the fore-part , if it be not well neer an inch long , to avoid blurring . The work is done by rule and reason ; which if tryal approve for good , it will not need correction : Else if the pen will not make clean strokes , and there is no haire therein , the fault is in a snarling and ragged slit , or in the unevennesse of the nib , which must be amended by a smoother and cleerer slit , and an evener nib : otherwise if the pen doth write too full , the slit must be made shorter , or the nib smaller , or happily both : And contrariwise , if the pen prove over-hard , the slit is too short , or the nib too sharp , and is to be reformed accordingly . Last , as the skilfull Swimmers do convert to another use the Bladders , formerly good helps , but since grown hinderances to their exercise : So may quick and ready Pen-men do with rule and compasse , when without them all their lines and strokes prove irregular . 15. It will much perfect the learners hand , and withall improve their skill and dexterity for inditing any affairs if they practise daily to transcribe some usefull matter from printed or writen Books , conducing to their employments ; for such exercise will habituate them , as in Orthography and sensible expression of what they write , so in reading and understanding with ease and readinesse the writings of other men : Whereas by neglect of this practick part , good Pen men have proved so silly Clerks , that they durst not professe their skill , for fear of betraying their ignorance , and by long disuse grew quite disabled in that Art. It is commonly found in Writing Schools that Learners are never taught to read their Copies , much lesse what themselves do write : It is not so much regarded there how falsly copies are transcribed , so as the same he but fairly imitated , amounting often to just nothing : which is here advertised , in hope that so great an over-sight will be look't unto , and a better provision made for more proficiency , being the Authors hearty wish , free from all intention of aspersing any with disgrace . 16. Lastly , to make Learners compleat Pen-men , they should know where and when to use all kinds of letters both great and small in every word , and how to put a proper point , or due stop to every sentence . The places of Capitall letters . Great letters take place as followeth : A capitall letter should begin the first word in every period , as Our father which art in Heaven . 2. The first letter is capitall in proper names , as Augustus Caesar . 3. The first letters in words derived from proper names , as Augustan , Caesarean . 4. The first letter in appellative names , as King , Queen , Lord , Master , &c. 5. The first letter in any word of singularity , as Law , Gospell , Vertue , Vice , Grammar , Logicke . 6. The first letter in every verse or meeter , as War through our Saviours grace . May from us slide , That truth may bide , And shine in every place . The places of small letters . Small letters will take any place in words excepting , 1. The places designed for capitall letters specified in the former Rule . 2. That the short waved s doth always take the last place in words , whereas s of the full length doth serve for the first , or middle letters ; both which places the short s joyned with the stems , will take in the Roman , but specially in the Italian Characters , as in least , skill . 3. That the waved v doth ever begin the word , be it either vowell or consonant , as in vp , void , but it hath no other place to stand for a vowel , whereas the Minim u may be used indifferently for a vowell or consonant in any place besides the first . 4. That the waved r is mostly used with o , being finall , as in honour , or with any letter in words contracted , as in Sir , your , Mr. 5. The e of two small rounds will fit best at last , as in the . Of points or stops . Points direct to the true meaning of words , being all in number 11. to wit , 7. primary and usuall , whereof four be simple , Comma , Semicolon , Colon , Period : and three mixt , having besides their owne commonly a period implied therwith , Interrogation , Exclamation , Parenthesis : which seven are pauses , or stops for sentences ; and four secondary points of lesser use , serving only for words , not sentences , Apostrophus , Diaeresis , Hyphen , Ecthlipsis . Of the foure simple Points . Comma is the shortest pause of most imperfect sense in a simple axiome , or sentence , marked thus , Semicolon is the next shortest stop of imperfect sense , commonly in a compound axiome , marked thus ; Colon is a point of perfect sense , but not of perfect sentence constantly in a compound axiome , marked thus : Period is the longest pause of perfect sense and sentence , marked thus . Of all which take this following instance : A Samaritan passed by , where the wounded lay ; and when he saw him , he had pitty upon him : And he bound up his wounds , and brought him to an Inne , and tooke care of him . Of the three mixt points . Exclamation is a long pause mostly of a simple axiome , imperfect for most part in sense and sentence , marked thus ! Interrogation is a short pause commonly of a compound axiome ; perfect in sense , but not in sentence , marked thus ? An instance of both : O generation of vipers ! who taught you to flee from the wrath to come ? bring forth fruit meet for repentance . Parenthesis , called by some parathesis , both having the same use , is a short pause , mostly of a simple axiome , having a perfect sense , not sentence , inserted to a precedent axiome , where it may be spared without detriment of sense or structure , being used for explanation of the former , and marked thus ( ) as for instance , Iudaes ( not Iscariot ) asked a question . All the AEgyptians ( both Horses and Chariots ) pursued the Israelites . The Captaine without violence ( for he feared the people ) put the prisoners in ward . Of the foure points for words . Apostrophus is a note of a dipthong , or vowell cut off in the same , or divers words , as in favored for favoured , learned st for learnedest ; lovd , giv'n , nev'r , it 's nothing , for it is nothing ; is't for is it ; th' Author , for the Author ; And sometimes a liquid is cut off , as Pth house , for in the house ; usually s doth stand for of , a signe of genitives , as the sheep's head , for head of the sheep . Diaeresis is a note of two vowels parted , as in Lais , Bagoas , Diers . Hyphen doth notifie a continuation of the same word , being a compound , or derivative , as rats-bane , harm-lesse , lame-nesse . Ecthlipsis doth notifie an abatement in the beginning , or end of verses : — Repasts suffice him now , Hard crusts at worke , when he doth leave the plow ; Being well aessur'd of endless feasts — FINIS . 
A44402	----	Vocabularium parvum Anglo-Latinum, in usum puerulorum, qui prima Latinæ linguæ tyrocinia faciunt. = A little vocabulary English and Latine, for the use of little children, that begin to learn the Latine tongue. By Ch: Hoole Mr. of Arts, and teacher of a private grammar school in Goldsmiths-Alley, London Hoole, Charles, 1610-1667. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A44402 of text R215337 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing H2695). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 122 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 37 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A44402 Wing H2695 ESTC R215337 99827237 99827237 31653 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A44402) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 31653) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1889:9) Vocabularium parvum Anglo-Latinum, in usum puerulorum, qui prima Latinæ linguæ tyrocinia faciunt. = A little vocabulary English and Latine, for the use of little children, that begin to learn the Latine tongue. By Ch: Hoole Mr. of Arts, and teacher of a private grammar school in Goldsmiths-Alley, London Hoole, Charles, 1610-1667. [2], 69, [1] p. printed for Joshua Kirton, and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Kings Arms in Pauls Church-yard, London : 1657. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng Latin language -- Terms and phrases -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Terms and phrases -- Early works to 1800. A44402 R215337 (Wing H2695). civilwar no Vocabularium parvum Anglo-Latinum, in usum puerulorum, qui prima Latinæ linguæ tyrocinia faciunt. = A little vocabulary English and Latine, Hoole, Charles 1657 18747 423 0 0 0 0 0 226 F The rate of 226 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with 100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 2005-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-12 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-12 Taryn Hakala Sampled and proofread 2006-12 Taryn Hakala Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion VOCABULARIUM PARVUM Anglo-Latinum , In usum Puerulorum , qui prima Latinae linguae Tyrocinia faciunt : A little Vocabulary English and Latine , For the use of little Children , that begin to learn the Latine Tongue , BY CH : HOOLE Mr. of Arts , and Teacher of a private Grammar School in Goldsmiths-Alley London . Cum intelligitur quid signficetur , minùs laborandum est de nomine . Cic. Topica . LONDON , Printed for Joshua Kirton , and are to be sold at his Shop at the sign of the Kings Arms in Pauls Church-yard , 1657. An Advertisement touching this Book . THis little Vocabulary is an extract only of such words as I used to Note in the larger , to be as certain Way-marks unto Childrens memories , for the better learning of the rest ; and to save my own labour , and the Childrens Books somwhat , I have caused them to be here printed by themselves , as having their proper end ; which is , to teach little ones how to call those things in Latin , which are every way obvious unto them ; and whose names they know in English . And this we may observe to be the first step towards the gaining of any language : what farther use may be made of it , I leave to his discretion that will teach it ; only let me tell the new beginner , that for his help in pronouncing Latine words , I have marked the syllable thus ( ’ ) wherein he must lift up the sound above the rest : and to hint him a little towards his Grammar , I have caused the ending of the Genitive Case of every word to be set down , and the letter denoting its Gender , viz. m. the Masculine , f. the Faeminine , n. the Neuter . c. 2. the Common of two , and d. g. the Doubtfull Gender . And now that I have digged deep enough ( as I conceive ) for the laying of a sure foundation of the Latine Tongue in a Child that can ( though but indif●●rently ) read English , I will hasten what I can ( at by times ) in works that come neerer to perfection . Which that I may chearfully effect , God graciously vouchsafe his assistance as hitherto . A minimis ad maxima . A little Vocabulary English and Latine . Vocabularium parvum Anglo-Latinum . 1. Of Spirits . 1. De Spiritibus . GOd DEus , ëi . m. the World Mundus , di . m. Heaven Caelum , li. n. an Angel Angĕlus , li. m. a Saint Sanctus , cti . m. a Soul Anima , mae . f. Hell Infernum , ni . n. the Devil Diábolus , li. m. a Fiend Fúria , ae . f. a Bug-bear Terrículum , li. n. Fairies Lémures , rum . m. an Hag Strix , gis . d , g. a Witch Saga , gae ▪ f. a Iugler Circulator , óris , m. a Conjurer Exorcista , ae . m. a Gypsie Babylónius , ii . m. 2. Of Heaven . 2. De Coelo . THe Sky AETher , ĕris . m. the Sun Sol , solis . m. Light Lux , lueis . f. Darkness Ténebrae , arum . f. the Moon Luna , nae . f. a Star Stella , lae . f. the East Oriens , tis . m. the West Occidens , tis . m. the North Septéntrio , ónis . m. the South Merídies , éi . m. 3. Of Times . 3. De Temporibus . A Year ANnus , ni . m. a Season Tempestas , átis . f. the Spring Ver , veris . m. the Summer Aestas , átis . n. Autumn Autúmnus , ni m. Hay-time Faeni sécium , ii . n. Harvest Messis , is . f. Winter Hyems , ĕmis . f. a Moneth Mensis , is . m. Ianuary Januàrius , ii . m. February Februárius , ii . m. March Mártius , ii . m. April Aprílis , is . m. May Majus , ii . m. Iune Június , ii . m. Iuly Julius , ii . m. August Augustus , i. m. September September , bris . m. October Octóber , bris m. November November , bris . m. December December , bris . m. a Week Septimána , nae . f. a Day Dies , éi . d. g. a Night Nox , ctis . f. a Play-day Puerórum feriae . a Holy-day Dies festus . a Work-day Dies profestus the Lords day Dies Domínicus . a Week day Féria , ae . f. Sunday Dies Solis . Monday Dies Lunae . Tuesday Dies Martis . Wednesday Dies Mercurii . Thursday Dies Jovis . Friday Dies Veneris . Saturday Dies Saturni● . Christmas Natális Christi . Easter Pascha , atis . n. Whitsontide Pentecoste , es . f. Wakes Paganália , órum . n. Morning Tempus matutinum Noon-tide Meridies , ëi . m. the Evening Vésper , ri . m. Midnight Media nox . an Hour Hora , ae . f. Half an hour Semihóra , rae . f. a Clock Horológiumii m. an Hour-glass Vítreum horologium . a Sun-dial Solárium horologium . 4. Of the Elements , and Meteors . 4. De Elementis & Meteoris . FIre IGnis , is . m : a Spark Scintilla , ae f. the Smoak Fumus , mi . m. the Flame Flamma , mae . f. Soot Fulígo , ignis . f. Fuel Fomes , itis . n. a Coal Carbo , ónis . m. a Live-coal Pruna , nae . f. Embers Favilla , lae . f. Ashes Cinis , ĕris . d. g. Air Aër , ĕris m. g. a Cloud Nubes , is . f. Rain Plúvia , ae . f. a Shower Imber , bris . m. Hail Grando , dinis . f. Snow Nix , nivis . f. Sleet Nícula , lae . f. a Snow-ball Massa nívea . Frost Gelu , n. Ice Glácies , ëi . f. an Ice-ickle Súria , ae . f. Thunder Tónitru , n. Lightening Fulgur , uris . n. a Thunder-bolt Fulmen , ĭnis . n. a Rain-bow Iris , ĭdis . f. the Dew Ros , roris . m. the Wind Ventus , ti . m. a Puff , or blast Flatus , ûs . m. Water Aqua , ae . f. a Drop Gutta , tae . f. a Bubble Bulla , lae . f. a Spring Fons , t is . m. a Pool Stagnum , ni . n. a Puddle Ablutium , ii . n. a Well Puteus , ëi . m. a River Flumen , ĭnis n. the Chanel Alveus , ëi . m. a Bank Ripa , pae . f. the Sea Mare , is . n. the Tide Aestus maris . a Shoar Litrus , oris . m. a Wave Unda , dae . f. the Earth Terra , rae . f. a Mountain Mons , tis . m. a Vale Vallis , lis . f. a Rock Rupes , is f ▪ a Plain Campus , pi . m. a Heath Erice um , ti . n. a Wood Sylva , vae . f. a Park Roborárium , rii . n. a Fen Palus , údis . f. Corn-ground Terra arábilis . Grass-ground Solum hérbidum . a Turf Cespes , itis . m. a Clod Gleba , bae . f. Mud Limus , mi . m. Dust Pulvis , ĕris . m. Sand Aréna , nae . f. Gravel Sabulum , li. n. 5. Of certain Countries . 5. De quibusdam Regionibus . EVrope EUrópa , pae . f , Spain Híspania , ae . f. a Spaniard Hispanus , ni . m. France Gallia , ae . f. a French man Gallus , li . m. Italy Itália , ae . f. an Italian Italus , li m. Greece Graecia , ae . f. a Grecian Graecus , ci . m. Swethland Suévia , ae . f. a Swede Suevus , vi m. Denmark Dania , ae . f. a Dane Danus , i. m. Germany Germánia , ae . f. a German Germánus , ni . m. a Dutch-man Teutónicus , ci . m. Holland Hollándia , ae . f. a Hollander Bátavus , vi . m. Flanders Flándria , ae . f. a Flemming Flándricus , ci . m. England Anglia , ae . f. an English man Anglus , gli . m. London Londinum , ni . n. a Londoner Londinensis , sis . m. a Cockney Delicátulus , li. m. the Thames Thámisis , is . m. York Ebóracum , ci . n. Oxford Oxónia , ae . f. Cambridge Cantabrígia , ae . f. Scotland Scótia , ae . f. a Scotch-man Scotus , ti . m. Berwick Bervícum , ci . n. Edenborough Edenburgum , gi n. Wales Cámbrai , ae . f. a Welch-man Cambro Británnus . Carleon Iscelégia , ae . f. Ireland Hibérnia , ae . f. an Irish-man Hibernus , ni . m. Dublin Eblána , ae . f. The Isle of Wight Vectésis , is . f. an Indian Indus , di . m. a Blackmore Aethiops , opis . m. Ones Country Patria , ae . f. a Countryman Conterráneus , ĕi. m : 6. Of Stones and Metals . 6. De Lapidius & Metallis . A Great Stone SAxum , xi . n. a Pebble Cálculus , li. m. a Flint Silex , icit . c. 2. a Whet-stone Cos , coris . f. Allabaster Allabastrítes , is . m. a Touch-stone Lydius lapis . Marble Marmor , oris . n. Ieat Gagátes , is . m. a Diamand Adamas , antis m. a Iewel Gemma , mae . f. a Pearl Margríta , tae . f. Coral Corallium , lii . n. Christal Chrystallus , . li . f. Glass Vitrum , tri . n. Gold Aurum , ri . n. Silvec Argentum , ti . n. Brass Aes , aeris . n. Copper Cuprum , pri . n. Lead Plumbum , bi . n. Tin Stánnum , ni . n. Iron Ferrum , ri n. Steel Chalybs , ybis . m. Salt Sal , salis . m. Alum Alúmen , inis . n. Brimstone Sulphur , uris . n. Ruddle Rubrica , cae . f. Plaister Gypsum , psi . n. Marle Marga , gae . f. Chalk Creta , fae . sae . Sea-coal Fossília nigra . a Coal-pit Carbonaria , ae . f. a Mine Fordína , nae . f. a Quarry Lapici●na , nae . f. 7. Of Herbs . 7. De Herbis . A Wéed HErba nóxia . a Pot-herb Olus , ĕris , n. Grass Gramen , inis . n. Pudding-grass Pulégium , ii . n. Duck ▪ wéed Lens palustris . Chick-weed Alsine , es . f. a Nettle Vrtíca , cae . f. a Thistle Cárduus , ui . m : a Teasil Dípsacus , ci . m. an Artichoak Cinara , rae . f. a Bur Lappa , pae . f. a Dock Lápathum ▪ thi . n. Fern Filix , icis . f. Worm-wood Abainthium , thii . n. Worm-seed Lumbricorium semen : Parsley Apium , pii . n. Fennel Faenículum , li. n. Angelica Sphondylium , lii . n. Spurge Catapútia , ae f. Laurel Lauréola , lae . f. Dragons Dracúnculus , li. m. Fetherfew Febrífuga , gae . f. Clarie Horminium , nii . n : Sneesing-wore Sternutamentária , ae . f. Sneesing-powder Sternutatórium medicamentum . Cole-worts Brassica , cae . a Cabbage Brássica capitára . a Cawly-flower Brássica Pompeiána . Garlick Allium , lii . n. an Onion Cepe , is . n. a Leek Porrum , ri . a Pompion Pepo , ónis m. a Melon Melo , ónis . m. a Cucumber Cúcumis , is . f. a Rhadish Rháphanus , ni . m. a Parsnep Pastináca latisólia . a Carret Pastináca tenuifólla . a Turnep Napus , pi . m. Mustard-seed Sinápi , n. Ketlocks Rapistrum arvórum . Chervil , or Ker Chaerephyllum , li n. Sweet-cicely Myrrhis , his . f. Iack in the hedge Alliárium , rii . n. Eye-bright Eupatórium , rii . n. Vervein Verbéna , nae . f. Beets Beta , tae . f. the Winter-cherry Vesicária , ae f. Self-heal Prunella , lae . f. Plantain Plantágo , ginis . f. Gréen-sauce Acetósa , sae . f. Wood-sorrel Acetósa leporina . Purslane Portuláca , lae . f. Cresses Nastórtium , tii . n. Spinage Spinácia . ae . f. Lettice Lactúca , cae . f. Scurby-grass Cochleária , ae . f. Foal foot Tussilâgo , ginis . f. Endive Intubus , bi . m. Succory Cichóreum , ëi . n. Bugloss Buglossus , li . m. Borage Borágo , ginis . f. Cammomil Chamomaelum , li. m. House leek Sedum , di . n. Everlasting Gnaphálium , lii . n. Dandelion Ambubeia , ae . f. Betony Betónica , ae . f. Arssmaert Perficaria , ae . f. Tansie Tanacetum , ti . Lavender Lavéndula , lae . f. Thime Thymus , mi . m. Marjaram Amáricus , ci . m. Savory Satureía , ae . f. Hyssop Hyssópus , pi . m. Rue Ruta , tae . f. Savine Sabína , nae . f. Rosemary Rosmarinus , ni . m. Sage Sálvia , ae . f. Mint Mentha , thae . f. Mallows Malva , vae . f. a Rush Juncus , ci . m. a Reed Arundo , dinis . f. a Cane Canna , nae . f. Heps Lupulus , li. m. Saffron Crocus , ci . m. Woad Glastum , sti . m. Poppy Papáver , ĕrls . n. Hemp Cánnabis , bis . f. Lime Liaum , ni . n. Cotton Gossipium , pii . n. Tobacco Nicotiána , nae . f. a Tobacco-pipe Tubus , bi . m. a Tobacco-box Pyxídula , lae . f. a Tobacco-stopper Paxillus , li m. 8. Of Flowers . 8. De Floribus . A Rose ROsa , sae . f. a White-rose Rosa alba . a Red-rose Rosa Miléra . a Damask-rose Rosa Damascéna . a Province-rose Rosa Alabándica . a Bryer-rose Rosa Canína . the rose without thorn or Holyhock Moschenton , ti . n. a Primrose Prímula veris . a Cow-slip Arthética , cae . f. a Daisie Bellis , idis f. a Daffodil Narcissus , si . m. a Paradise , or Primrose pearl Narcissus-medio láteus . a Tulip Túlipa , pae . f. a Violet Viola , lae . f. the Purple-violet Víola , nigra . Snow-drops Viola alba . a Marygold Galtha , thae . f. a French Marygold Flos Aphricánus . a Pink Betónica superba . a Gilly-flower Betonica coronális . a Clove-gilly flower Caryophyllus , li . m. a Winter gilly flower Viola lútea . the Flower de luce Iris. idis f. Crowtoes , or Harebels Hyachinthus , thi . m. Dog-stones Satyrium , rii . n. Fox-gloves Digitális , is . f. the Hony-suckle Cerinthius , thii . m. a Lilly Lilium , li. n. a Piony Paónia , ae . f. a Columbine Aquilégia , ae . f. a Dog-flower Caput mónachi . Gold knaps Chrysánthemum , mi . n. the Bine-bottle Cyanus , ni . m. Peri-winckle Vinca pervinca . the Water-willow Lyfimáchium , chii . n. a Garland Sertum , ti . n. a Chaplet Coróna , nae . f. a Bow Pot , or Pot of flowers Fascículus florum . a Nose-gay Olfactórium , rii . n. 9. Of Corn . 9. De Frugibus . SEed sown SEmentis , is . f. the Blade Fólium , lii . n. the Straw Cálamus , mi . m. an Ear Spica , cae . f. an Awn , or Bread Arista , stae . f. a Corn Granum . ni . n. a Hull or Husk Gluma , mae . f. Chaff Pálea , ae . f. Straw Stramen , ĭnis . n. All manner of Corn Frumentum , ti . n. Meal Farína , nae . f. Bran Fursur , uris . m. Flower Símila , lae . f. Wheat Tríticum , ci . n. Spelt Far , farris . n. Rie Secále , lis . n. Barley Hórdeum , ei . n. Mault Byne , es . f. Oates Avéna , nae . f. Grits Alica , cae . f. Rice Oryza , zae . f. Standing-corn Seges , ĕtis . f. Pulse Legúmen , ĭnis . n. a Cod Siliqua , quae . f. a Bean Faba , bae . f. a Kidney-bean Phaséolus , li. m. Pease Pisum , si . n. a Vetch Cicer , ĕris . n. a Lentil Lens , ris . f. Mashlin Farrágo , ginis . f. a Gleaning Spicilégium , gii n. Provision of corn . Annóna , nae . f. 10. Of Trees and Shrubs . 10. De Arboribus & Frutitibus . AN Oak QUercus , ûs . f. an Ash Fráxinus , ni . f. a wilde-ash or quicken tree Or●●s , ni . f. a Beech tree Fagus , gi . f. a Birch tree Berúla , lae . f. an Elm Ulmus , mi f. a Yew-trée Taxus , xi . f. an Alter Alnus , ni . f. a Box-trée Buxus , xi f. a Maple Acer , ĕris . n. a Willow Salix , icis n. an Osier Siler , ĕris n. a Fir-tree Abies , íetis . f. Rosin Résina , nae . f. Pitch Pix , pícis . f. Tar Pix s●úida . a Cypress trée Cupressus , si f. a Bay tree Laurus , ri . f. a Mulberry-tree Morus , ri . f. a Sycomore-trée Sycomórus ri . f. an Asp-trée Pópulus trémula . an Hasel Córylus , li . a Walnut-trée Juglans , dis . a Chesnut-tráe Castánea , ae . f. a Dog tree Cornus , ni . f. an Elder-tree Sambúcus , ci f. a Service-tree Sorbus , bi . f. an Apple-trée Malus , li. f. a Crab-trée Malus sylvestris . a Quince-tree Malus Corónea . a Peach-tree Malus Pérsica . an Apricock-tree Malus Armeniáca : a Medlar-tree Méspilus , li . f. a Plum-tree Prunus . a Damson-trée prunus doméstica . a Bullace tree Prunus sylvestris . a Cherry-tree Cérasús , si . f. a Warden-trée Volémus , mi f. a Pear tree Pyrus , ri . f. a Fig-tree Ficus , ûs , & ci . f. an Olive-tree Olea , ae . f. an Hawthron tree Spina acúta . a Sloe tree Spinus , ni . m. a Bramble Rubus , bi . m. a Bryer Vepres , pris f. a Raspis berry tree Rubus Idaeus . a Goose-berry-tree Gross●laria , ae f. a Barberry-tree ●pina acida . an Hurtle berry-●ush , or Bill●berry wire Camae●éras●s , si . f. Straw-berry wires Fragária , órum . n. a ●allard Corinth-trée Ribes , bis f. Liquorish G●yeyrrhiza , zae . f. Ivie Hédera , ae f. Wood-binde Caprisólium , lii . n. an Holly-tree Agrisólium , lii n. Broom Genista , stae . f. Furs or Goss Genista spinósa . Primp Ligustrum , stri . n. a Vine Vitis , is . f. a Vine-branch Palmes , ĭris. m. a Tendrel Capréolus , li. m. a Vine-leaf Pámpinus , ni . d g. 11. Of things belonging to Trees and Shrubs . 11. De Arborum & Fruticum appencibus . A Root RAdix . a Stump Stirps , pis ▪ d. g. the Bulk , or body of a tree Caudex , dĭcis m. a Log Tuncus , ci . m. Wood Lignum , ni . n. Timber Matéria , ae . f. the Grain Pecten , ĭnis . m. the Pitch Medulla , lae . f. the Sap Succus , ci . m. the Bark Cortex , tĭcis . m. a Bough Ramus , mi . m. Branch Frons , dis . f. a Rod Virga , gae . f. Twig Vimen , inis . n. a Graff Súrculus , li. m. a Stock to graff on Tálea , ae . f. a Sprig Germen . a Bud Gemma , mae . f. a Blossome Flos , floris . m. a Leaf Folium , lii . n. Fruit Fructus , ûs . a Stalk Pedicolus , li . m. a Cars-skin Iülus , li. m. the top of a tree Cacúmen , inis . Brush-wood , or Bavius Cremium , mii . n. Dry sticks Cócula , órum . n. Chats Quisquiliae , árum . f. Chips Schídia , órum . n. Saw-dust Scobs , bis . f. a Board Tábula , lae . f. a Leaver Phalanga , gae . f. a Billet Cala , lae . f. a Faggot Fascis , scis . m. Touch-wood Panus , ni . m. a Toad stool Fungus , gi . m. a Puff , or Fuz-ball Tuber , ĕris . n. a Knot Nodus , di m. Misse-toe Viscum , sci n. Rotten-wood Cáries , ëi . Fox fire Caries candescens . Moss Muscus , sci . m. a Prickle Spina , nae . f. a Sponge Spóngia , ae . f. 12. Of Fruits . 12. De Fructibus . AN Acorn GLans , dis . f. a Gall Galla , lae . f. Ash-keys Lingua passerina . an Olive Oliva , vae . f. Oyl Oleum , ei . n. a Caper Cápparis , ris . f. Dates Dáctylus , li . n. an Almond Amygdalum , li. a Nut Nux , nucis f. an Hassel-nut Nux avellána . a Filberd Nux mollusea . a Nut-shell Putámen , inis . n : a Kernel Núcleus , ei . m. a Walnut Juglans , dis . f. a Chesnut Castánea , ae . f. a Pig-nut Bul●o castánum . an Apple Pomum , mi . n. a Kernel Granum , ni . n. a Core Volva , vae . f a Paring Putámen , inis . n. a Pear-main Pyro-málum , li . n. a Pippin Malum pe●ílum . a Crab Malum sylvestre . Quince Malum Cydónium . a Pearch Malum Pérsicum . an Orenge Malum aureum . a Lymon Malum Hespérium . an Apricock Malum Armeniacum . a Pear Pyrum , ri . n. a Katherine-pear Pyrum Crustúminum . a Choak-pear Pyrum strangulatórium . a Warden Volémum , mi . n. a Cherry Cérasum , si . n. a Black-cherry Cerasum actium : a Red-cherry Cerasum durácinum . a Cherry-stone Ossiculum cerasi . a Plum Prunum , ni . n. a Damsen Prunum damascénum . a Bullace Prunum nanum . a Sl●e Prunéolum , li. n. a Medlar Méspilum , li. n. a Berry Bacca , cae . f. a Straw-berry Frágum , gi . n. a Bill berry Vaccínium , ii . n. Barberries Appéndices , um . f. a Goose-berry Gróssula , lae . f. a Mulberry Morum , ri . n. a Black●berry Morum rubi . a Rapis-berry Morum rubi Idaei . a Service-berry Sorbum , bi . n. a Hep Morum rubi raníni . a Haw Morum sentis . a Grape Uva , vae . f. a Bunch of grapes Racémus , mi . m. a Grape-stone Acinus , ni . m. Raifins Uvae passae Corinths Uvae Corinthiacae . Ballard-Corinths , or R●bes Uvae ársinae . a Fig Ficus , ûs . ci . f. a Frail of Figs Fiscina ficorum . 13. Of Spices . 13. De Aromatibus . SVgar SAccharum , ri . n. Cinnamom Cinnamomum , mi . n Cloves Caryophilli , órum . m. Ma●e Macis , is . f. a Nutmeg Nux myristica . Ginger Gingiber , ĕris . n. Pepper Piper , ĕris n. Saunders Sántalum , li . n. Frankincense Thus , thúris . n. Baulm Opobálsamum , mi . n. Treacle Theriaca , cae . f ▪ Musk Moschus , chi . m. Civit Zibethum , thi . n. 14. Of Vermine . 14. De In●ectis . A Worm VErmis , is . m. an Earth-worm Lúmbricus , ci . m. a Caterpillar Erúca , cae . f. a Glow-worm Nitédula , lae . f : a Silk-worm Bombex , ycis . m. a Moth Tínea , ae . f. a Magot Galba , bae . f. a S●w Multipeda , dae . f. an Ear●wig F●llo , ónis . m. a Nit Lens , dis . f. a Lo●se Pedículus , li. m. a Fl●a Pulex , icis . m. a Flea ●iting Pulicium signum . a Spider Aránea , ae . f. a Co● web Araneae tela . a Water Spider Tipula , lae . f. a Fly Musca , scae . f. a Bu●●er fly Papilio , ónis . m. a G●d fly Oestrum , stri . n. a Beetle Scárabaeus , baei . m. a Tyke Ricinus , ni . m. a Grashopper Cicáda , dae . f. a Cricket Pyrausta , stae . f. a Pismire Formíca , f. an Horseleech Hirúdo , dinis . f. a Frog Rana , nae . f. a Toad Bufo , ónis . m. a Serpent Serpens , entis . m. a Dragon Draco , ónis . m. a Viper Vípera , rae . f. an Adder Coluber , bri m. a Su●ke Anguis , is . d. g. a Water●snake Natrix , tricis . d. g. a Snail Cóchlea , ae . f. g. a S●ail-born Cochleae domus . a Garden-snail Cóchlea operculáris . a Dew-snail Limax , ácis . d g. a Hornet Crabro , ónis . m. a Wasp Vespa . pae . f. a Bee Apes , is . f. a Drone Fucus , ci . m. an Humble-bee Bómbylus , li . m. a Bee-hive Alveáre , ris . n. a Swarm of Bees Exámen apum . a Sting Acúleus , lĕi. m. Honey Mel , lis . n. an Honey Favus , vi . m. Wax Cera , rae . f. Sealing-wax Cera sigilláris . 15. Of Fish . 15. De Piscibus . THe Gils of a Fish BRánchiae , árum . f. the Fins Pinnae , narum . f. a Scale Squama , mae . f. the Garbish Viscera , um . n. the Milt Lactes , ium . f. the Rhone , or Spawn Ovum , vi . n. a Shoal of Fish Exámen piscium . a Sturgeon Acipenser , ris . m. a Whale Cetus , ti . m. a Seal or Sea-calf Phoca , cae . f. a Scate Squatina , nae . f ▪ a T●rbut Rhombus , bi . m. a Me●●-maid Syren , énis . f. a Cod fish Asellus , li . m. Stock●fish , or Poor-Iohn Asellus arefactus . Haverdine Asellus salitus . an Haddock Asellus minor . a Whiting Asellus mollis . a Green fish Caerum crudum . a Mackrel Scombrus , bri . m. a Flounder Petèncu●us , li. m. a Sole Solea , ae . f. a Plaice Passer márinus . a Herring Halec , écis . f. & n. a Pichl●d-herring Halec conditánea . a Red-herring Halec infumáta . a Salmon Salmo , ónis . m. a Trout Truta , tae . f. a Ba●bel Mullus barbátus . a Carp Cárpio , ónis . m. a CheVin , or ●hub Laccia , ae . f. a Pike Lucius , ii . m. a Sea-Pike Lupus , pi . m. a Tench Tinca , cae . f. a Pearch Perca , cae . f. a Roch Erythrinus , ni . m. a Ruff , or Bark Cérnua , ae . f. a Bull-head Cápito , ónis . m. a Shad Clúpea , ae . f. a Lamprey Muraena , ae . f. an Eel Anguilla , lae . f. a Sprat Sárda , dae . f. Anchovi●s Enchrasicholi , órum . m. a Gudgeon Góbius , ii . m. a Minew Gírulus , li . m. a Lobller Locusta , ae . f. a Crab Cancer , cri . m. a T●rtoise Testudo , dĭnis . f. an Oyster Ostrea , ae . f. a Muscle Músculus , li. m. a Cockle Concha ro●unda . a Periwinkle Cóchlea ae . f. a C●evish Cammárus , ri . m. a Shrimp Squilla , lae . f. 16. Of Birds . 16. De Avibus . A Flock of Birds GRex avium a brids bill , or neb Rostrum , stri . n. a tuft , or toppin Apex , ĭcis . m. a Comb , or Crest Crista , ae f. a Feather Penna , nae . f. a Quil Cálamus , mi . m. Down Lanúgo , gĭnis . the craw , or crop Inglúvies , éi . a Wing Ala , lae . f. a Rump Utropígium , gii . n. a Claw , or talon Unguis , is . m. a Spur Calcar , áris. n. a Nest Nidus , di . m. an Eg Ovum , vi . n. a Yolk Vitellus , li . m. the White Albúmen , ĭnis . n. a Shell Purámen , ĭnis . n. an Eagle Aquila , lae . f. a Goshawk Phasionóphonus , ni . m. a Sparrow-hawk Accípiter Fringillárius ▪ a Hobby Nisus , si . m. a H●wk Accípiter , tris . m. a Kestrel Tinnúnculus , li. m. a Buzzard Búteo , ónis . m. a Kite Milvus , vi . m. a Perret Psítracus , ci . m. a Crane Grus , grúis . d. g. a Patridge Perdix , ícis . d. g. a Quail Coturnix , ●cis f. a Bittern Bú●io ónis . m. an Owl Noctua , ae f. an Owlet Ulula ae . f. a Scr●ch-Owl ●ubo , ónis d g. an Horned-Owl Asio , ónis m. a ●ack D●w Moné dula , lae . f. a Cornish ●●euth Grácculus , li. m. a Ma●-pie Pica , cae . f. a Raven Corvus , vi . m. a Crow Cornix , ícis . f. a Water-crow Cornix cinérea . a Carrion-crow Cornix carnivora . a Book Cornix ●rugívora . a Pigeon Columba , bae . f. a pair of Pigeons Par columbárum . a Ring-dove Palumbes , bis . f. a Peacock Pavo , ónis . m. a Turky Meleágris , is . a Cock Gallus , li . m. a Hen Gallína , nae . f. a Chicken Pullus , li . m. a Cockrel Pullaster , stri . m. a Pullet Pullastra , strae . f. a ●●pon Capo , ónis . m. a G●●se or a Gander Anser , ĕris . m. a Gosling Anserculus . li m. a Gréen-goose Anser hérbidus . Stubble ●oose Tripuláris anser . a Duck or a Drake Anas , ăatis , d. g. a Duckling Aná●ulus , li. m. an Heron Ardea , ae . f. a King●-fisher Halcyon . ŏnis . f. a Sea-gull Gavia , ae . f. a Sea-Mewl Gavia alba . a Dotteril Morinellus , li . m. a Howpe Upupa , pae . f. a Lap●wing , or Green●plover Vangellus , li. m. a Gray plover Pardalus , li . m. a Pheasant Phasiánus , ni . m. a Stare Sturnus , ni m. a Field-fare Collyrio , ónis . m. a Thrush Turdus , di . m. a Throssel Turdus músicus . an Ousel or Black-bird Mérula , lae . f. a Lark Alauda , dae . f , a Nightingale Luscína , ae . f. a Cuckow Cúculus , li. m. a Wood-coke Gallinágo , ginis . a Snip● Gallinágo minor . an Hic●wal , or Specht Picus Mártius . a Iay Gálgulus , li. m. a Titmouse Parus , ri . m. a ●an Parus minor . a Redstart Rutici la , lae . f. a Robin red-breast Rubécula , lae . f. a Wren Rég●lus , li . m. a Sparrow Passer , ĕris . m. a Hedge-sparrow Corrúca , cae . f. a Swallow Hirundo , d●nis f. a Water wag-tail Motacilla , lae . f. a Martin Ripária , ae . f. a Canary-bird Vireo , ónis . f. a Bull-finch Rubicilla , lae . f. a Chafftuch , or Spink Fringilla , lae . f. a Go●d-sinch Acanthis , ĭdis . f. a Linnet Linária , ae . f. a Gold ring , or Siskin Lutéola , ae . f. a Brambling Montifringilla , ae . f. a Bunting Terranéola , ae . f. a Clet-bird , or an Ar●ing Caerúleo , onis . m. a Laverock , or Tradsmatch Lucar , áris. f. a Bat ▪ Vespertílio , ónis . m. 17. Of Beasts . 17. De Bestiis . CAstle PEcus , ●oris . n. an Herd Armentum , ti . n. a Labouring beast Jumentum , ti . n. a Wild-beast Fera , rae . f. a Hide Córium , rii . n. a Horn Cornu . a Hoof Unguis , is . m. a Hair Pilus , li . m. a Bristle Se●a , rae . f. a Mane Juba , bae . f. a Fléece Vellus , ĕris . n. Wooll Lana , nae . f. a Dog , or a Bitch Canis , is . c. 2. a Whelp Cátulus , ii . m. a Horse Equus , qui m a Mare Equa , quae f. a Colt , or a Foal Pullus equínvs . an Asse Asinus , ni m. a Mule Mul●s , li. m. a Neat , or Beast Bos , bovis . c 2. a Bull Taurus ri m. a Bullock Juvéncus , ci . m. an Heifer Juvenca , cae f. an Ox Bos castrátus . a Cow Vacca , cae . f. a Milch-cow Vacca , lactans . a Dug , or Vdder Uber , ĕris n. a Pap , or Teat Papilla , lae . f. a Calf Vítulus li. m. a Sheep Ovis , is . f. a Ram Aries ▪ ĕ●is m. an Ewe Ovis faemínea . a Lamb Agnus , ni . m. a Weather Vervex , écis m. a Swine Sus , suis . c. 2. a Hog Porcus , ci . m. a Pig Porcellus , li. m. a Sow Sus fae●●ínea . a Boar Aper , pri . m. a Cat Fe●is , is . f. a Rat Sorex , ìcis . m. a Mouse Mus , muris . m. a Wéesell Mustéla , lae . f. a Squerill Sciúrus , ri . m. a Cony , or Rabbet Cunículus , li m. a Hare Lepus , ŏris . m. a Fox Vulpes , pluk a Badger Meles , lis . f. an Otter Lutra , trae . f. a Beaver Fiber , bri . m. a Hedge-hog , or Vrchin Erinaceut , ĕi. m. a Hee● Goat Hircus , ci . m. a Wether Goat Caper , pri . m. a Shee-Goat Capra , prae . f. a Kid Haedus , di . m. a Roe-buck Capréola , lae . f. a Fallow-deer Dama , mae . d. g. a Rein-deer Rangefer , ri . m. a Hart or Stag Cervus , vi . m. a Hinde Cerva , vae . f. a Fawn Hinnulus , li. m. a Bear Ursus , si . m. a Bear-cub Ursulus , li. m. a Lion Leo , ónis . m. an Vnicorn Unicornis , is . f. a Tyger Tigris , is . f. an Ounce Lynx , cis . d. g. a Leopard Leopardus , di . m. an Elephant Elephas , antis . m. a Camell Camélus , li. m. a Buff Tarandus , li. m. an Antelope Calopus , pi . m. an Ape Simia , ae . f. a Monkey Cercopithecus , ci . m. a Baboon Cynocéphalus , li . m. 18. Of the parts of mans Body . 18. De partibus humani corporis . THe Body COrpus , oris . n. a Member Membrum , bri . n. a Lim Artus , ûs , m. Flesh Caro , nis . f. the Skin Cutis , is . f. a Sinew Nervus , vi . m. the Gristle Cartilágo , g●inis . f. a Vein Vena , nae . f. a Bone Os , ossis . n. Fat Pi●g●édo , dĭnis . f. Grease Adeps , ĭpis. d g. Blood Sang●is , ●nis . m. Snot P●s , puris . n. Spitile Sputum , ●i . n. S●●vil Mucus , ci , m. Sweat Sudor , óris . m. the H●ad Caput , it is . n. the Temples Témpora , rum n. the Crown of the head Verrex , icis . m. the Skull Cranium . ii . n. the Brain Cérebrum , bri . n. the Hair Crinis , is . m. the Face Fácies , éi f. the Countenance Vultus , us . m. the Fore-head Frons , is . f. the eye-lid Pálpeb●a , brae . f. the eye-brow Cilium , i● n. the Brow Supercilium , ii . n. an Eye Ocul●s , li. m. a Tear Láchryma mae . f. an Ear Apris , is . f. a Box on the ear Celaphus , phi . m. a Cheek Gena , nae . f. a Chock on the cheek Alăpa , pae . f. the Nose Nasus , si . m. a Lip Labrem , bri n. the Mouth Os ▪ óris . n. the Guma Gingíva , vae . f. a Tooth Dens , t is . m. a Tongue Lingua , ae f. the Chin Mentum , ti . n. a B●ard Barba , ae . f. the Neck Collum , li . n. the Throat Guttur , uris . n. a Shoulder Húmerus , ri . m. the Back Tergum , gi . n. a Side Latus , ĕris . n. a Rib Costa , ae . f. the entrails Viscera , rum . n. the Heare Cor , dis . n. the Lights Pulmo , ónis m. the Liver ●ecur , ínoris . n. the Gall Fel , fellis . n. the Milt Lien , énis . m. a Kidny Ren , énis . m. the Stomack Stómachus , chi . m. the Maw Ventrícolus , li . m. the Bowels Exta , órum n. a Gut Intestínum , ni . n. the Kel● Omentum , ●i . n. Tallow Sebum , bi . n. the Flank ●lia , um . n. the Belly Venter , tri● m. the Navil Umbilícus , ci m. the Bladder Vesica , ae . f. the W●mb Uterus , ri . m : the Privities Verenda , órum n. the Brest Pectus , ŏris . n. a Womans brest Mamma , ae . f. the Nipple , or Pap Papilla , ae . f. an Arm Brachium , li. n. an Elbow Cúbirus , ti . m. a Wrist Carpas , pi . m. the Pulse Pulsus , ûs . m. a Hand Manus , ûs . f. the Right-hand Manus dextra . the left-hand Manus sinistra . the Palm of the hand Palma , ae . f. the Fist Pugnus , ni . m. the hollow of the hand Vola , ae . f. a Finger Digitus , ti . m. a Thumb Pollex , ìcis . m. the Fore-finger Index , ìcis . m. the Middle-finger Uerpus , pi . m. the Ring-finger Anu●láris , is . m , the Little-finger Auriculáris , is . m. a Nail Unguis , is . m. a Corn Clavus , vi . m. the Waste Medium , ii . n. a Loin Lumbus , li. m. an Hip Coxendix , ìcis . f. a Buttock Nates , is . f. a Thigh Femur , uris . n. a Knee Geuu , n. a Ham Poples , ìtis . m. a Leg Cr●s , crúris . n. the Shank Tíbia , ae . f. the Shin Crea , ae f. the Calf of the Leg Sura , ae . f. an A●ckle Malléolus , li. m. a Foot Pes , pédis . m. the Heel Calx , cis . d g. the sole of the foot Planta , ae . f. a Toe Digitus pedis . the Great-toe Hallus , li . m. 19. Of certain things belong to the Body . 19. De quibusdam corporis Accidentibus . THe Look A Spectus , us . m. Ruddy Rúbidus , a , um . P●le Pállidus , a , um . the Favour Forma , ae . f. F●ir Pulcher , chra , um . Ill-favoured Defora . is . e , c. 3. Gross Obésus , a , um . Slender Grácilis , le . n. Sound Sanus , a , um . Sick Aeger , gra , um . Lusty Válidu● , à , um . Weak Inválidus , a , um . Great Magnus , a , um . Little Parvus , a. um . a Gyant Gigas , antis . m. a Dwarf Nanus , ni . m. a Tall fellow Longúrio , ónis . m. a Dandeprat Pumílio , ónis . m. a Iolt-head Cápito , ónis . m. Bald Calvus , a , um . Red-haired Rusus , a , um . Black-haired Niger , gra , um . Flaxen-haired Rútilus , a , um . Curl'd Crispus , a , um . a Beardless boy Imberbis juvenis , Blinde Caecus , a , um Pur-blinde Myops , òpis m. Squint-eyed Stabo , ónis . m. a S●ottie-Bub Mucósus , si , n. Blubber lipt Lábeo ▪ ónis . m Blub-cheek't Bucculentus , a , um . Crump shouldered Gibbófus , si . m. Left handed Scae●us . vi . m. Gorbellied Ventricós●s , a , um . Shackle● handed Varus , ●i . m Bow leg'd Valg 〈◊〉 ▪ gi . Wry-ncck't Opstípus , a , um . Down look't Prónus , a , um . Lame Cland●s , a , um . Maimed Mancus a , um . Sleep Somnus , ni m. Warthing V●gil●a . ae . f. a Dream 〈◊〉 , ii . n. the Breath Spirit●s , ûs . m. a Gasp Halitus , ús . m. the Hiccop S●ngultus , ûs . m. Hunger Fames , is . m. Loathing Fastidium , dii . n. Talk , or Speeh Sermo , ónis . m. Stammering , or stutting Balbus , a , um . Lisping Blesus , a , um . Dumb Mutus , a , um . the Voice Vox , vocis . f. Laughter Risus . ûs . m. Weeping Fletus , ûs . m. Piss , or Vrine Urína , ae . f. a Sir-reverence Merda , dae . f. a Mole Naevus , vi . ●ti . a Wart Verrúca , cae . f. a Freckle Lentígo , ínis. f. a Wrinkle Ruga , gae . f. Chaps Rhadigia , orum●● . 20. Of the Faculties of mans Soul . 20. De Facultatibus , animae humanae . LIfe VIta , tae . f. Death Mors , tis . f. a Sense Sensus , ûs . m. the slight Visus , ûs . m. the Hearing Auditus , ûs . m. the Taste Gustus , ûs . m. the Smelling Olfactus , ûs . m ▪ the Feeling , or Touch Tactus , ûs . m the Fansie Phantasia , ae . f. the Memory Memória , ae . f. the Wit Ingénium , ii . n. Love Amor , óris . m. Hatred Odium , ii . n. Ioy Gaudium , ii . n. Sadness Tr●stitia , a. f. Hope Spes , spëi . f. Fear Metus , ûs . m. Anger Ira , rae . f. K●●inge Vindicta , ae . f the Will Voluntas , átis . f. Desire Desidérium , ri . m. the Mind Mens , ●is . n. the Meaning Animus , mi . m. the Vnderstanding Intellectus , ûs . m. the Conscience . Consciéntia , ae . f. 21. Of Diseases . 21. De Morbis . HEalth , or Sickness VAletúdo , dinis . f. Health Recta valetúdo . Sickness Adversa valetúdo . a Wound Vulnus , ĕris . n. a Scar Cicátrix , ícis f. a Stroke Plaga , gae . f. the Sickness , or plague Pestis , is . f. a Fever , or Ag●e Febris , is f. a Surfet Crápula , lae . f. the Head-ake Dolor cápitis . the Tooth-ake Dolor Dentium . the Belly ake Tórmina um . n. a Cough Tussis , is . f the Chin-though Pertussis , is . f. a Flux Alvi proflúvium . the Bloody●flux Dysentéria , ae . f. Costive●ess Tenasmus , mi . m. the Stone Cálculus , li. m. a Fret or Gall Intertrígo , inis . f. a Womans longing Pica , ae . f. a Consumpt●on Tabes , is f. the Dropsie Hydrops , ópis . m. the Palsie Parálysis , is . f. a S●itch Dolor láterum . the Cramp Spasmus , mi . m. the Night-mare Incubus , bi . m. the Gout Morbus articuláris . the Iaundise Regi●s Morbus . the Sleepy-disease Veternus , ni . m. a Qualm , or fainting Languor , óris m Swoouing Lipothymía , ae . f. the Itch Prurígo , inis . f. a Ring-worm Impetigo , ginis . f. a Scab Scabies , éi f. a Scald-head Melicéria , ae . f. a Wheel Pápusa , lae . f. the Small-pox Vari , orium . m. the Meadils Morbilli , orum . m. a Pimple , or Blister Papula , ae f. a Felon Furunculus , li. m. a Whit flaw Patronychium , ii . n. a Kibe or Chilblain Pérnio , ónis . m. Dotage Delírium , rii . n. Madness Insania , ae . f. a Medicine Medicamen●um , tí . n. a Potion Pótio , onis . f. a Syrop Syrópus , pi . m. a Ca●d●l Ovácecum , ei . n. a Broth Júsculum , li. m. a Gellup Jusculum , cöactum . a Plaister Emplastrum , stri . m. a Scar-cloth Cerátum , ti . n. a Solve Linimentum , ti . n. a Tent Turunda , dae . f. a Pill Catapótium , tii . n. a Glister Eniëma ätis . n. Ointment Unguentum , ti . n. a Gally-pot Myrothécium , ii . n. a Physi●ian Médicus , cí . m. a M●un●e●bank Médicus círc●mforancu● 22. Of Ver●ues and Vices . 22. De virtutibus & vitiis . A Manner MOs , Moris . m. a Custom Consuetúdo , dinis . f. a Sin P●c● tum , ti . n. a Villaniny Sc●lus , ●ĕris . n. Wisdom Sap ●ntia , ae . f. Folly Stultíta , ae . f. a Fool Stultus , ti . m. a Dunce Fungus , gi ▪ m. Di●cretion Pr●déntia , ae . f. Craft Astútia , ae . f. Deceit Fraus , dis . m. a Knave Nébulo , ónis . m. Counsel Consilium , lii . m. Temper●nce Temperán●ia , ae . f. Pleasure Volúptas , átis . f. a Smell feast Epulo , ónis . m. a Great Ea●er Manduco , ónis . m a Glutton Hélluo , ónis . m. a Drunkard Ebriósus , si . m. a Good fellow Comb●bo , ónis . m. a Toss-Pet Bibác●lus . li . m. Chastity Cást tas , á●is . f. Lust Libído , dinis . f. Wantonness Lascívia , ae . f. Adultery Adultérium , ii . n. a Cuckold Córnifer , ii . m. a Cuckold maker Cú● lus , li m. a Baud Leno , ó●is . m. a ●hore Mérenix , icis . f. a Harlot Pellex , icis . f. Modesty Mo●éstia , ae f. Humility 〈…〉 f. Civility 〈…〉 f. Clownishness 〈…〉 , f. a Iest 〈◊〉 , ci . m a Scoff 〈◊〉 , atis . n. a Reproach Oppr óbrium , ii . n. a M●cking ●●ock Ludibrium , ii . n. Truth Vérita● , átis . f. a Lye Me●dácium , ii . n. Soothing Obséquium ii . n. a Pratler Gárrulus , li . m. Sawcie Procax , ácis . m. a News-monger Rumigérulus , li . m. a Bus●e-body Ardélio , ónis m. a Wrangler Verbósus , si . m. a Spy-fault Momus , mi . m. Liberality Liberálitas , atis . f. Plenty Copia , ae . f. Want Inópia , ae . f. Poverty Pa●pertas átis . f. Riches Divítiae , árum . f. Prodigality Prodigálitas , átis . f. Covetousness Avaritia , ae . f. Fame Fama , ae f. Praise Laus , dis . f. Dispraise Vitupérium , ii . n. Glory Gloria , ae . f. Honour Honor , óris . m. Credit Decus , oris . n. Disgrace Dedecus , oris . n. Valour Fortitúdo , inis . f. Cowardliness Pusillanímitas , átis . f. Prosperity Res prósperae . Adversity . Res adversae . Industry Indústria , ae . f. Sloth Inér●ia , ae . f. Diligence Diligéntia , ae . f. Negligence Negligéntia , ae . f. Panence Patientia , ae . f. 〈◊〉 Lénitas , á●is . f. C●uelty Saev●tia , ae . f. Constancy Constantia , ae f. Fickleness Lévitas , atis . f. Stubbornness Contumácia , ae f. Fair carriage Candor , óris m. Friendship Amicítia , ae . f. Enmity Inimicitia , ae . f. a Grudge Simultas , atis . f. Discord Discórdia , ae . f. Concord Concórdia , ae . f. a Companion Sodalis , i● . f. a Fellow Socius , ii . m. Envy Invídia , ae . f. Kindness Benevoléntia , ae . f. Mercy Misericórdia , ae . f. Iustice Justítia , ae . f. Punishment Poena , nae . f , a Reward Praemium , ii . n. a Good-turn Beneficium , ii . n. an Ill-turn Maleficium , ii . n. a Gift Donum , ni . n. a Present Munus , ĕris . n. a Thief Fur , furis . c. 2. a Robber Latro , ónis . m. a Cutpurse Cru●eniseca , ae c 2. a Church robber Sacrílegus , gi m. a Cutthroat Gladiá or , óris . m. a Villian Furcifer , ri m. a Rogue Vagabundus , di . m. Godliness Pietas á is . f. Honesty Honestas , átis . f. Charity Cháritas , átis . f. Faith Fid●s , ĕi. f. 23. Of mans Age . 23. De Aetate . A Man or Woman HOmo inis . c. 2. a Man Mas homo . a Woman M●lier ĕ●is . f. on Infant Infans , tis . c. 2. a Boy Puer , ĕri . m. a Wench Pu●lla , 〈◊〉 . f. a Young●man Júvenis , i● . c 2. a Maid Virgo ginis . f. a Man Vir , viri . m. an Old body Sen●ix , nis . c. 2. an Old-woman Anus , ûs . f. a Ch●n●ling Puer subdititius . a Foundling Puer expósitus . 24 Of Affinity and Kinship . 24. De Affinitate & Cognatione . A Father or Moth . PArens , t s. c. 2. a Father Pater , tris . m. a Mother Mater , tris . f. Children Liberi , órum . m. a Son Filius , ii . m. a Bastard Filius nothus . a Daughter Filia , ae . f. a Grand-father Avu , vi . m. a Grand mother Avi , ae . f. a Grand-child , or a Nephew Népos , ótis. m. a Neece Neptis , is . f. a Brother Frater , tris . m. a Sister Soror , óris . f. an uncle by the fathers side Patruus , ii . m. an aunt by the Fa. side Amí●a , ●ae f. an uncle by●he Mo. side Avúnculus li. m. an aunt by the Mo side Matértera , a. f. a Step father V●tricus , ci . m. a Step mother Noverea , cae . f. a Step son Privignus , ni . m. a Step-daughter Privig●a , nae . f. a Husband or Wife Conjux , jugis . c. 2. a Husband Maritus , ti . m. a Wife Uxor , óris . f. a Widower Viduus , iii . m. a Widow V●d●a . ae . f. a Single person Coelebs , ibis . c. 2. 25. Of Meats . 25. De Cibis . FOod VIctus , us . m. a Meal Refecto , ónis . f. a Break fast Jentá culum , li. n. a Dinner Prandium , ii . n. a Beaver Merenda , ae . f. a Supper Caena , nae . f. a Feast Convivium , ii . n. a Guest Covíva , vae . c. 2. a Banquet Epulum , li. n. the first course Prima mensa . the second course Secunda mensa . a Mess Ferculum , li. n. Grace Gratiárum actio . Pottage Jus , juris . n. Flesh-pottage Jus cirnium Water grue● Pulmentárium , ii . n. Milk Lac lactis . n. Boiled milk Lac decoctum . Cream Flos lactis . a Posset Aphrótum , ti . n. a Syllibub Oxygala , ae . f. Butter Butyrum , ri . n. Cheese Cáseus , ĕi. m. Whey Serum lactis . a White pot Oögala , ae . f. a Custard Artógala , ae . f. an Eg Ovum , vi . n. a New-lay'd eg Ovum recens . and Old lay'd eg Ovum requiétum . a Saft eg Ovum trémulum . a Hard eg Ovum edúrum a Poached eg Ovum coctillitum . Flesh Caro , carnis f. Be et Caro búbula . Mutton Caro ovilla , La●● Caro agnina . Veal Caro vitulina . Pork Caro porcína . Venison Caro ferína Stu●d●meat Jurulentum , ti . n. Minced meat Intritum , ti . n. Boiled-meat Caro elixa . Baked meat Caro cóctilis . Rost-meet Caro ass● . Broiled meat Coro t●sta . Fried meat Caro ftixa Gravy Eliquamen , inis n. Brewess Off●lae adipá●ae Tripes Omá●● tábulae . Trullibubs 〈◊〉 ex●a . a Citterling , or a Tharm Hilla , lae f. a Pudding Farrum , ti . n. a Sawsedge Lucánica , cae . f. a Black pudding Ap●xabo , ónis . m. a Gamm●n of Bacon Petaso , onis m. Bacon Lardum , di . n. a Flitch Succídia , ae f. a Collop Offula , ae . f. Brawn Callum aprugnum . a shoulder of Mutton Armus ovillus . a Loin of Mutton Lumbus ovillus . a Haunch of Meaison Clunis se●ináceus . Bread Pani● , is m. White-bread Panis cândidus . Brown-bread Ater panis . Manchet Panis similáceus , Houshold bread Panis cibarius . Bi●ket Panis bifcoctus . Ginger●bread Mustáceum , ei n. Mouldy-bread Panis múcidus . a Toste Panis ●ostus . March pane Panis saccharítus . a Loaf Panis is . m a ShiVe of Bread Tracta panis . the Crust Crustum , sti . m. the Crum Medulla , lae ●f . a Crum Mica , cae f. ●unkets Bellária , órum . n. Daintics Dapes , um . f. Sweet-meats Mattéolae , árum . f. Banquetting-stuff Apophóreta , órum . n. a Piece Frustum , sti . n. a Morsel Bolus , li . m. Broken-meat Frag●entum , ti . n. a Flesh pie , or a Pasty Artócrea , ae . f. a Tart Scriblíca , ae f. an Appse-pie Artomélum , li . n. a Pudding pie Pasta , tae . f. a Pan pudding Testuácium , ii . n. a Bag pudding Mássula , ae . f. a Spice-cake Panis dulciárius . Cheese-cake Placenta , tae . f. a Pan cake Láganum , ni . m. a Fr●ter Fritella , lae . f. a Roll , or a Bun Torta , ae . f. a Water Libum , bi n. Conserves Sálgama , órum . n. Comfits Hypotrímmata , um n. Vinegar Acétum , ti n. Ver●uce Omph●cium , ii n. Sawce Condimentum , ti . n. a Sallet Acetári●m , ii . n. Pickle or Brine Muria , ae . f. 26. Of Drink . De poru . A Draught HAustus , us . m. an Health Gratulátio , ónis . f A●e Xychum , thi . n. Béer Cervisia , ae . f. Yest or Barm Cremor , óris . m. Wine Vinum , ni . n. White-wine Vinum album . Clare wine Vinum subrubrum . Sack Vinum Hispaniense . Canary Canárium , ii . n. New wine Mustum , sti n. Dead-wine Vappa , pae . f. Dregs Faex , faecis . f. Strong-water Ardens aqua . Sydre Pomáceum , eĭ.n. Pyrie Pyráceum , ëi n. 17. Of Apparel . 17. De West it n. A Garment or Suit VEstis , is . f. Cloth Pannus , n● . m. Canvas Cánnabum , bi n. Fustian Xylum , li n. Linnen Linteum , ëi n. Silk Séricum , ci . n. Velvet Séricum villósum . Sattin Séricum rasum . a Gown Toga , gae . f. a Cl●ak Pallium , lii . n. a Coat Túnica , cae f. a Hat Galérius , ri . n. a Hat-band Spira , rae . f. a Periwig Caliendrum , i n. a Cap Pilenm , ëi n. a Band C●lláre , ris . n. a Duvlet Diplóis , ●idis . f. a Pair of Bréeches Braccae , arum . a Shirt Indúsium lineum . a Wastcoat Ind●si ●m láncum . a Smock Súpparum , ri . n. a Quoif Capital , ális . n. a Crass-cloth Plágula , lae f. a Head-roll Capilláre , is . n. a Vellor Hood Calántica , cae . f. a Neck-cloth , or a rail Amictórium , ii n. a Breast-cloth or gorget Mammilláre , ris . n. a Hand kercher Sudárium , rii . n. a Fillet , or head-band Vitta , tae . f. a Hair-lace Fascia crinális . a Muster Búccula , lae . f. a Stomacher Pectorále , is n. an Apron Ventrále , is . n. a Ring Annulus , li m. a Bodkin Acus crinális . a Point Ligula astrictória . a Fan Flabellum , li. n. a Hose garter Fascia crurális . a Lace Chórd● la lae . f. a Girdle Cingu●as , li . m. a Glove Chirothéca , cae . f. a Sleeve Mánica . cae f. an Hook , or Clap● Uncus , ci . m. an Eye , or Keeper Ocell●s . li m. a Button Fibula , lae . f. a Button-hole Fíbulae ocellus . a Shoo-string Ligula calc●órum . a Shoo Calceus , ei . m. a Stockin Calíga , gae . f. a Boot Ocrea , ae . f. a Spur Calaur , á●is . n. a Slip Crépida , dae . f. a Pair of ●●ilts Grallae , árum . f. a P●n Acicola , lae . f. a Néedle Acus , cû● . f. a Comv Pecten , inis . m. a Purse Cruména , nae f. a Pocket Pera , rae f a Looking glass Spéculum , li. n a Pair of Spectacles Oculárium specillum . a Brush Verrículum , li. n. a Scarf Mitella , lae . f. a Ribband Taenia , ae . f. a Knife Culter , tri . m. a Shea●● Vagína , nae . f. a Pair of cissers Forsícula , lae f. a ●ooth pick Dentiscálpium , ii n. an Ear pick Auriscalpium , ii n. a Thread Filum , li. n. a Rotten thread Titivilitium , tii . n. 28. Of Building . 28. De Aedificis , A House DOmus , us f. a Dwelling place Habitáculum , li n a Farm-house , or village Villa , lae . f. a City Urbs , bis . f. a Gate Porta , tae . f. a Tower Turris , ris . f. a Castle Castellum , li . n. a Conduit Aquaeductus , ûs m. a Church Ecclésia , ae . f. a Chapel Sacell●m , li. n. a Church-yard Cemitérium , ii . n. a Bellfray Campaníle , lis . n. a Steeple Pyramis , ámidis . f. Botlements Pinnae murórum . an Hospital Xenodóchium , ii . a School Schola , lae . f. a College Collégium , ii . n. a Library Bibliothéca , cae f. a Court , or Sessions-house Curia , ae . f. a Guild-hall Curia municipális . an Exchange Cambium , ii . n. a Magazine Armamen átium , tii . n. a Palace Palátium , ii . n. a Court Aula , lae . f. a Parliament-house Senáculum , li. n. aa Abry M●nastérium , ii . n. Cloysters Peristylium , ii . n. ap●ay-house Theátrum , tri n. a Tennis-court , or a Bowle-Alley Sphaeristétium , 〈◊〉 n. a Cock-pit Gallipugnárium , rii . n. a Roce Stadium , dii . n. the Stand Cárceres , um . m. the Goal Meta , tae . f. an Inne Diversó● ium , ii n. an Ale-house Caupóna , nae . f. a Victualling-house Popína , nae . f. a Cooks shop Cupedinária , ae . f. a Shop Officina , nae . f. a Ware-house Taberna , nae . f. a Tipling-house Taberna cervisiária . a Tavern Taberna vinária . a Butchers-shop Taberna laniéna . the Shambles Mácellum , li. n. a Smiths-shop Fábrica ferrária . a Timber-yard Fábrica materiá●ia . a Barbers-shop Tonstrína , nae . f. a S●oo-mak●rs-shop Sutrína , pae . f. an Apothecaries-shop Pharmacopólium , lii . n. a 〈◊〉 house Officína tinctória . a Iayle or Prison Carcer , ĕris . n. an House of Correction Ergástulum , li. n. a Cage , or Grate Arca robústea . a Pair of Stocks Cippus , pi . m. a ●illory Columbar , átis . n. a Gallows Patíbulum , li n. a Town Oppidum , d● . n. a Street Vicus , ci . m. an Open or Broad-street Platéa , ae . f. a Lane Vículus , li. m. an Alley Aditus , us . m. a Turne Divertículum , li. n. the Pavement Pavimentum , ti . n. the Channell Canális , is d. g. a Country Town Pagus , gi . m. a Cottage Casa , sae . f. a Booth Tabernáculum , li n. a Barn Hórreum , r●i . n. a Hay-barn Faenile , ●s . n. a Shed Nubilárium . rii . n. a Wood-house Lignile , is . n. a Coal-house Domus carbonária . a Fold , or Beast-house Stábulum , li. n. a Stable Equíle , lis . n. a Rack Crates , is . f. a Manger Praesepe , pis . n. a Swine-stie Hara , rae . f. a Dog-kennell Canicularium , rii . n. a Hen-house Gallinárium , rii . n. a Coup ▪ or Pen Aviárium , rii . n. a Pigeon-house , Colombárium , rii . n. a Hall Refectórium , rii n. a Kitchin C●lina , nae . f. a Parlour Penet●ale lis . n. a Chamber Cubiculum , li. n. a Dining-room Caenáculum , li. n. a Closset Concláve , is n. a Study Musaeum , aei n. a Privie , or house of Office Latrina , nae . f. a Cellar Cella , lae . f. a Buttery Promptu●rium , ii . n. a L●rder Carnárium , rii . n. a Brew-house Officina potória . a Bake-hou● Domus pillória . a Dairy Domus case á ▪ ia . an Apple-chamber Pom●rium , rii . n. a Garret , or Cock-loft Solátum supérius . a G●llerie Pérgula , lae . f. a Boulting-house Farinárium , rii . n. a Mill Mola , lae . f. a Water-mill Pistrínum aquárium . a Winde-mill Mola alára a Horse-mill Mola asinária . a Work-mill Mola fullónea . a Beacon Spécula , lae . f. 29. Of the parts of a Building . 29. De partibus Aedificii . A Ground-plot ARea . ae . f. a court before the house Atrium , ii . n. a Yard , or Back-side Cors , t is . f. a Porch , or Gallery Pórticus , us . f. an Entry Aditus , us . m. a Gate Janua , ae f. a Foundation Fundamentum , ti . n. a Work Opus ▪ ĕris . n. Rubbish Rudus , ĕris n. a Wall Paries , iĕtis . n. a Brick-wall Paries laterítius . a Dry-wall Macé●ia , ae . f. a Pillar Columma , nae . f. a Belcony Pudium , ii . n. the Top of an house Fastigium , ii . n. the Roof Tectum , cti . n. a Slate , or a Shingle Scándula . lae . f. a Tile Tégula , lae . f. Straw-thatch C 〈…〉 lme● , ĭnis . n. the wind beam , or ridge-tree Colúmen . ĭnis . n. the Coup●rs Can 〈…〉 érii , orum . n. a Tenon Cardo , dĭnis . d. g. a Mortaise Cavum , vi . n. a Transome , or crosseback Transtra , órum . a Rafter , or Spur Tignum , ni . n. a Beam , or great peece of Timber Trabs , bis . f. Gutters , or Spouts Collíquiae , árum . f. an A●ger hole Forámen , inis n. a Nail Clavus , vi . n. a Board Tábula , lae . f. a Quarter Asser , ĕris . m. a Lath Assérculus , li. m. a Prop Fulcrum , cri . n. a Poste Postis , is . m. a Door Ostium , ii . n. a back-door Postíca , cae . f a Hinge Cardo , dinis , d g. a Bolt Obex , icis , d. g. a Lock Sera , rae . f. a Key Clavis , vis . f. a pair of Stairs , or a Ladder Scala , lae . f. a Step , or Round Gradus , ûs . m. a pair of turn-Stairs Cóchlea , ae . f. a Chimnoy Camínus , ni . m. an Hearth Focus , ci . m. a Furnace Fornax , ácis . f. an Oven Furnus , ni . m. a Floor Solum , li. n. a Seeling over head Concamerátio , ónis . f. 29. Of Ho●shold goods . 29. De Supellectile . A Cupboard ABacus , ci . m. a Table Mensa , sae . f. a broad trencher Quadra , drae . f. a round trencher Orbis , is . f. a table cloth Mappa , pae . f. a Carpet Gaúsape , is . n. a table napkin Mantíle , is . n. a Salt-sellar Salinum , ni . n. a seat Sedes , is . f. a Chair Cáthedra , drae . f. a Stool Sella , lae . f. a Bench Scamnum , ni n. a Basin Pelvis , is . f. an Ewer Aquális , lis . m. a Pot ●óculum , li. n. a Boll Pátera , rae . f. a Iug Scyphus , phi . m. a Kan Gántharus , ri . m. a Braker Cráter ▪ éris m. a Chalice Calix , icis . m. a Cup Cyathus , thi m. a Flagon Lagéna , nae . f. a Pitchre Urceus , ëi . m. a Bottle Ucer , tris m. a Stopple Obthúramentum , ti . n. a Tunnel Infundibulum , li. n. a Cover Opéreculum , li. n. a Spiggot Epistómium ii . n. a Faucet , or Tap Fistula , lae . f. a ●ucket , or Pall Situla , lae . f. a Milk-pail Mulct●a , trae . f. a Ch●● Fidélia , ae . f. a Sise o● Sireinor Colum , li. n. a Milk-boll Sinum , ni . n. a Pump Antlia , ae f. a Cistern Cisterna , nae . f. a Cock , or a Squirt Síphon , ónis . m. a Dish Ca●inus , ni m. a Porrenger Paropsis , ïdis . f. a Pla●●er Pátin● , nae . f. a Sawcer Acetábulum , i. n. a Trey Trúlla , lae . f. a Dresser Tábula culinaria . a Hogs-head Dólium , lii . n. a Bar●el Orca , cae . f. a Bung-hole Orificium , ii . n. a Rim●el Salsamentárium , rii . n. a Kneading-trough Mactra , trae . f. a Sieve Cribrum , bri . n. a Sack Saccus , ci . m. a Wallet Mántica , cae . f. a Basket , or Pannier Corbis , bis . m. a Basket , or Maund Sporta , tae . f. a Basket , or Wicker basket Quálus , li. m. a Hand basket Quasillus , li. m. an Hassock Scirpículum , li. n. a Whéel Rhombus , bi . m. a Spindis Fúsus , si . m. a Wherle Vertículum , li. n. a Rock or Distaff Cólus , li. m. Yarn-windles Girgillus , li . m. a Reel Alábrum , bri . n. a Pot Olla , lae . f. a Triver Cytropus , pŏdis . m. a Skillet Cúcuma , mae . f. a Cauldron Lebes , bétis . m. a Brass-pot Ah●num , ni . n. a K●tle , or a Pan Cácabus , bi . m. a Pos●e● Anxilla , lae . f. a Pipkin Ollula , lae . f. a Pot-lid Olláre opérculum , li. n : a Reckon-hook Climáctet , éris . m. a Spoon Cochleáre , ris . n. a Ladle Cochleáre majus . a Toasting-iron Artópta , pta. f. a Rack , or Cob-iron Cra●ent●rium , rii . n. a Spit Ver● . an Andiron Sustentaculum ferreum ▪ a Gridiron Craticula , lae . f● . a Grater Rádula , lae f. a Frying pan Sartágo , gĭnis . f. a pair of Bellows Follis , is . m. a pair of tongs Forceps , cĭpis . f. a fire-shovel Batillus , li . m. a Chafing-dish Fóculus , li , m. a Besome Scopae , arum . f. a Chamber-pot Mátula , lae . f. a Chest Cista , ae . f. a Coffer Scrínium , ii . n. a Box Capsa , sae ▪ f. a Trunk Riscus , sci . m. a Desk Plutaeus , aei . m. a Drawer Lóculus , li. m. a Mortar Mortárium , rii . n. a Pestel Pistillum , li. n. a Tinder-box Pixis ignifica . a fire-steel Igniarium , ii . n. Tinder Suscitábulum , li. n. a Match Sulph●rátum , ti . n. a Candle Candéla , lae . f. a Candle-wyke Ellychneum , ei . n. a Candlestick Candelabrum , bri . n. a La●●horn Laterna , nae . f. a Torch Teda , dae . f. a Bed Lectus , i. m. a Truckle-bed Léctulus trochlaeárius . a Bed stead Sponda , dae . f. a Curtain Cortina , nae . f. a Coverlet Cento , ónis . m. a Sheet Lodix , dícis f. a Bed-tick Culcita , tae . f. a Feather-bed Cúlcita plúmea a Flock bed Culcita tomentítia . a Bolster Cervícal , ális . n. Hangings , or Arras Tapes , é●is . m. a Cushion Pulvínus , ni . m. a Ma● Teges , gĕtis . f. a Cradle Cunae , árum . f. a Rattle Crepúndia , órum . n. 30. Of Houshold affairs . 30. De rebus Domesticis . A Family FAmilia , ae . f. a Master Herus , ri . m. a Dame Hera , rae . f. the good man of the house Paterfamílias . the good wife of the house Mater familias . an Heir Haeres , édis , c 2. a Servant in the house Fámulus , li. m. a Man-servant Servus , vi . m. a Maid-servant Serva , vae f. a Ta●k Pensum , si n. an Apprentice Tyro , ónis . m. a Drudge Mediastĭnus , ni . m. a Landress Lo●rix , tricis . f. Sope Sap● , ônis . m. Starch Túrbasis , is . f , a Woman in child-bed Puérpera , rae , f. a Woman great with child Grá●da , dae . f. a Midwife Obstĕtrix , ĭcis . f. a Nurse Nutrix , ĭcis . f. a Nurse-keeper Alumnus , ni . m. a Baby Icuncula , lae . f. 31. Of Country matters . 31. De rebus Rusticis . THe Country RUs , r●ris . n. a Farm P●aedium ii . n. a Garden Hortus , ti . m. a Garden-bed Pulvínus , ni . m. an Alley or a walk Ambulácrum , cri . n. an Arbor Topiárium , rii . n. an Orchard Pomárium , rii . n. a Hop-yard Lupárium , rii . n. a Field Ager , gri m. a Pasture Pascuum , ●i n. a Close Agellus , li. m. a Plowed field Arv●m , vi . n. a Meadow Prát●m , ti . n. a Fence Sepimentum , ti . n. an Hedge Sepes , is . f. a Ditch F●ssa , sae . f. a Wall Múru● , ri . m. an Husbandman Agrícola , lae . c. 2. a Landlord Dominus fundi . a Tenant Inquilínus , ni . m. a Farmer Colón●s , ni . m. a Plough Ará●um , tri . n. a Furrow Sulcus , ci . m. a Land Porca , cae ▪ f. an Harrow Orea , eae . f. Dung , or Manure Stercus , oris . m. Hay Foenum , ni n. a Cock of Hay Meta foenária . a Hay-rick Strues , is . f. a Shock of corn Meta , tae . f. a Sheaf Fascia spicárum . a Sythe Falx , cis . f. a Sickle Falx messória . a R●ke Rastrum , stri . n. a Fork Furca , cae . f. a Mattock Rtrrum , tri . n. a Shovel Pála , lae . f. a Spade Ligo , ónis . m. a Wheel-barrow Sarrácum , ci . m. a Drey Traha , hae . f. a Cart Plaustrum , stri . n. a Wagon Vehículum , li. n. a Chariot Currus , rûs . m. a Coach Carpentum , ti n. a Sedan Arcera , rae . f. a Chain Caténa , nae . f. an halter Láqueus , ëi . m. a whip Scútica , cae . f. a Wheel Róta , tae . f. an Axle-tree Axis , is . m. a Lever Vectis , is . m. a Pole Pértica , cae . f. a Flail Flagéllum , li . n. a Fan Ventilábrum , bri . n : a Scutle Spórt●la , lae . f. a Swine-trough Aqualículus , li. m. 32 Of Town matters . 32. De rebus Vrbanis . A City URbs , bis . f. a Citizen Civis , is . c 2. a Magistrate Magistrátus , us . m. the Lord Maior Praetor urbánus . the Common-Council Senátus civium . an Alderman Senátor , órís . m. a Sheriff Vicecómes , ĭ is . m. a Chamberlain Camerárius , ii . m. a Burgess Múniceps , cĭpis m. a Iustice Justiciárius , ii m. a Constable Constabularius , ii m. a Serjeant Lictor , óris . m. a Beadle of Beggars Fustiá●ius , ii m. a Bell-man , or Cryer Praeco , cónis . m. a Stranger Advena , nae . c. 2. an Inhabitant Incola , lae . c. 2. an Inmate Inquilínus , ni . m. a Towns-man born Indígena , nae . c. 2 : a Frée-man Lĭber , ĕri . m. a Neighbour Vicínus , ni . m. a Rich man Dives , ï●is . c. 2. a Poor man Pauper , ĕris . c. 2. a Beggar Mendicus , ci m. 33. Of a School . 33. De Schola . A Frée School SChola libera : a petty School Schola trivi●lis . a Schoolmaster Ludimagister , stri . m. an Vsher Paedagógus , gi . m. the Master Praeceptor , óris . m. a Scholar Discípulu● , li. m. a Truant Emansor óris . m. a Part Pars , tis . f. a Lesson Lectio , ónis . f. a Translation Tra●slatio , ónis . f. an Inkhorn Atramentarium , ii . n. a Pennar Peunarium , ii . n. Ink Atramentum , ti . n. a Quil Cálamus , mi . m. a Pen-knife Scalpellum , li n. Paper Charta , ●ae . f. a Book Liber , bri . m. a Bible Biblia , órum . n. a Testament Testamentum , ti . n. a Psalter Psalterium , ii . n. a Catechism Catechismus , mi . m. a Horn-book Abecedárium , ii . n. a Leaf Folium , ii . n. a Side , or page Página , nae . f. a Cover Opérculum , li. n. a Clasp Fíbula , lae . f. a Line Linea , ae . f. a Word Vox , vocis . f. a Letter Lítera , rae . f. a Syllable Syllaba , bae . f. a Pause Punctum , ti . n. a Blot Litúra , rae . f. a Spéech Orátio , ónis f. a single word Vocábulum , li. n. a Language Lingua , ae . f. a Fable , or Tale Fábula , lae . f. a Chapter Caput , ĭtis . n. a Verse Versus , ûs . m. a Forme Classis , is . f. a Ruler Norma , mae . f. a Plummer Plumbum , bi . n. an Vniversity Académia , ae . f. a Fresh-man Tyro , ónis . m. a Pupil Pupillus , li . m. a Tutor Tutor , óris . m. a Graduate Laureátus , ti . m. a Batchelor Baccalaureus , ei . m. a Master of Arts Magister artium . a Doctor Doctor , óris m. a Bedle Bedellus , li. m. 34. Of Law-matters . 34. De rebus Juridici . AN Assise , or Sessions COnsessus , ûs . m. a Sute Lis , litis . f. a Iudge Judex , ĭcis . c 2. a Witness Testis , is c. 2. a Surety Praes , praedis . m. a Law Lex , legis . f. a Lawyer Jur●consultus , ti . m. an Action Dica , cae . m. a Process Citario , ónis . f. a Writ Breve , is . n. a Plaintiff Actor , óris . m. a Defendant Rëus , rëi. m. an Atturney Causae procurátor . a Client Cliens , tis . m. a Statute Statútum , ●i . n. an Oath Jusjurandum , di . n. a Scrivener Scriba , bae . m. a Bond Chirographum , phi . n. a Bill Syngrapha . phae . f. an Acquittance Apocha , chae . f. a Will Testamentum , ti . n. an Inventory Apógrapha phae . f. 35. Of Warfare . 35. De Militiâ . WAr BEllum , li. n. Peace Pax , pácis . f. Forces Copiae , árum . f. an Army Exér●●tus , us . m. a Company of Souldiers Cohors , tis . f. a Troop Turma , mae . f. Pay Stipendium , ii . n. an Officer , or commander Praefectus , us . m. the General Imperá●●● , óris m. a Colonel Chilia●cha , chae m. a Captain Dux , dúcis , c 2. a Serjeant D●ctor mĭlit●m . a Lieutenant 〈◊〉 , gi . m. a Sco●t Emiss●rius rii . m. a Drummer Tympanis●a , ae . m. a Trumpeter Tub●ce●●inis m. a Souldier Miles , ĭris. c. 2. a Common Souldier Miles gregáries . a Foot-m●n Pedes , itis c. 2. a Trooper Eques , ĭtis . c. ● . an Archer Sagittá● i●●s , ii . a Pike-man Hastárius , ii . m. a Musketier Sclopetárius , ii . m. an Alarum Clássicum . ci . n. a Fight Praelium , lii . n. a Slaughter Strages , gis . f. an Enemy Hostis , is c. 2. a Friend Socius , ii . m. a Prisoner Captívus , vi . m. a Ticket Commeátus , us . m. a Garrison Praesidium , ii . n. a Bulwark Agger , ĕris . m. Pillage Spólium , lii . n. Bag and baggage Sárcinae , árum . f. the Quarters Castra , órum . n. a Design Stratagéma , ătis . n. a Banner Vexillum , li. n. a Corslet Thórax , á●is . m. a Head piece Cassis , idis . f. a Buckler Clype●s , ëi . m. a Sword Gládius , ii . m. a Dagger Púgio , ónis . m. a Scabberd Vagína , nae . f. a Belt Báltheum , ĕi. m. a Dart Télum , li . n. a Pike Hasta ae f. a Halbert S●cúris Romána . a Bow Arcus , ûs . m. a B●w string Nervus arcus . a Baw-case Córytus , ti . m. an Arrow Sagitta , tae . f. a Quiver Phá●etra , ●rae . f. a Sing ●●nda , dae . f. a Club Clava , ●ae . f. a 〈◊〉 Fustis , is m. a Pie●● of Orduance Tormentum , ii n. a Gun Bombarda , dae . f. a Bullet Glans , dis . f. Gunpowder Tormentarius pulvis Match Igniárius fomes . the Mark Scopus , pi . m. 36. Of the Church . 36. De Ecclesiâ . A Christening BAptizatio , ónis . f. a Font Baptistérium , ii . m. a Godfather Susceptor initiális . a Godmother Susceptrix initiális . a Wedding Nuptiae , árum f. a Woer Procus , ci . n. a Sweet-heart Suávium , ii n. a Bridegroom Sponsus , si . m. a Bride Sponsa , sae . f. a Funeral Funus , ĕr is . n. a Mourner Pullárus , ●i . m. a Bier Féretrum , tri . n. a Coffin Sandápila , lae . f. a Grave-maker Bustuarius , ii . m. a Grave Sepulchrum , chri ▪ n. a Pulpit S●ggestum , sti . n. a Communion Table Mensa Domínica . a Sermon Cóncio , ónis m. a Bell C●mpána , nae . f. a Parish Paróchia , ae . f. a Clergy-man Cléricus , ci . m. a Lay-man Laiècus , ci . m. Religion Relígio , ónis . f. a Christian Christiánus , ni . m. a Turk Turca , cae . m. a Iew Judaeus , i. m. a Pagan Pagánus , ni . m. 37. Of the Common-wealth . 37. De Re-publica . AN Empire IMpérium , ii n. a Kingdom Regnum , ni . n. an Emperour Imperátor , óris . m. a King Rex , régis . m. a Queen Regina , nae . f. a Prince Princeps , cĭpis . c. a Noble man Héros , óis. m. a Duke Dux , dúcis . c. 2. a Marqu●ss Marchio , ónis . m. an Earl Cómes , itis . c. 2. a Lord Dóminus , ni . m. a Lady Dómina , nae . f. a Knight Miles , itis . c. 2. an Esquire Armiger , gĕri . m. a Gentleman Generósus , si . m. a Yeom●n Plebei●s , ei . m. 38. Of Trades . 38. De Artibus . A Tradesman AR●●●●x , ●●icis . c. 2. a Workman Opĭsex , sicis . c. 2. a Goldsmith A●rifex , ficis c. 2. a Coppersmith Cuprárius , ii . m. a Brasier Aerárius . rii . m. a Tinker Sartor aerárius . a Pew●erer Stannárius , rii m. a Plummer Plumbárius , rii . m. an Armorer Armamentá●ius , rii . m. a Gla●●er Vitriárius , rii . m. a Cutler Cultrárius , rii . m : a Swordsmith Cladiárius , rii . m. a Locksmith Clav●árius , rii . m : a Bl●cksmith Faber-●errárius . a Hammer Malleus , ei m. a Stithy Incus , cúdis f. a Cool-trough Lácus , ûs . m. a Smiths vice Cóchlea , ae . f. a File Lima , mae . f. a Carpenter Faber lignárius . a Cooper Doliatius , rii . m. a Béetle Malleus ligneus . an Axe , or h●tchet Secúris , is . f. a Plain Dóliabra , brae . f. a Saw Serra , rae . f. a Wedge Cúneus , ei . m. a pair of Compasses Círcinus , ni . m. a Ruler or Square Norma , mae f. a Wimble , or Auger Térebra , brae . f. a Nail Clavus , vi . m. G●ew Gluten , ĭnis n. a T●rner Torná●ius . rii m. a Stone-cutter Lapíc●da , dae c. 2. a Chefil Celtis , tis . f. a Trowel Trulla , lae . f. a Slater Tector , óris . m. a Plaisterer Cypsator , óris . m. a Pargetter Crustári●s , rii . m. a Painter Pictor , óris . m. a Potter Figulus , li . m. a Wool 〈◊〉 Materiárius , ●ii . m. a Roper Restiárius , rii . m. a 〈◊〉 Candelárius , rii m. a 〈◊〉 Vin●rius , rii . m. a 〈…〉 Caupo , ónis . m. a 〈…〉 P●pinárius , rii m. a 〈…〉 Salg●●árius , ●ii . m. a 〈…〉 Aviárius , rii . m. a 〈…〉 Cetárius , rii m. a 〈…〉 Lá●ius , nii . m. a Costard-monger Pomárius , rii m. an Oyl-seller Oleárius , rii . m. a Cook Coquus , qui . m. a Butler Prómus , mi . m. a Beer-brewee Cervisiárius , rii m. a Baker Pistor , oris . m. a Miller Mólitor , óris . m. a Meal-man Fariná●ius , rii . m. a Whitner , or Fuller Fullo , ónis . m. a Dyer Tinctor , óris . m. a Clothier Pán●●ifex , fi●is . c. 2. a Weaver Textor , óris . m. a Web Téla , lae . f. the Warp Stámen , minis n. the Weft , or Woof Subtegmen , minis n. a Silk-man Sericárius , rii m. a Grocer Aromatárius , rii . m. an Haberdasher of hats Pileo , ónis . m. an Hab●rdasher of small wares Frivolácius , rii . m. a Pedlar Circumforáneus , ëi . m. a Broker Propóla , lae . m. a G●roler Zonarius , rii . m. a Glover Chirothecárius , rii . m. a T●ylor Vesti árius , rii . m. a Bot●her Rudiárius , 〈◊〉 m. an ●●s●er Caligári●● , ●ii . m. a S●●●ster Sú ●ix , ●ícis . f. a 〈◊〉 or a Skinner Péllio , ónis . m. a 〈◊〉 Byrseus , ëi m. a 〈◊〉 maker Sútor cal●● ius . a 〈◊〉 Cerdo , d●●is m. a 〈◊〉 S●llárius , ●ii . m. 〈…〉 Hipp●●●●nus , ●i . m. a 〈◊〉 boy Ve●ed●rius , ●ii . m. a Foot-poste Tabellárius , rii . m. a Porter Bájulus , li. m. a Tankard-bearer Amphorárius , rii . m. a Collier Carbonárius , rii . m. a Printer Tygógraphus , phi . m. a Press Prélum , li . n. a Stationer Bibliopóla , lae . c. 2. a Book-binder Bipliopégus , gi . m. a Button-maker Fibulárius , rii . m. a Barber Tónsor , sóris . m. a Shepherd Opílio , ónis . m. a Neat-herd Bubulcus , ci . m. a Swine herd Subulcus , ci . m. a Grasier Pecuárius , rii . m. a Wagoner or Carter Auriga , gae . m. a Plowman Arátor , ●óris . m. a Mower Messor sóris . m. a Shearer , or Reaper Falcátor , tóris , m. an Hay-maker Faenifex , ficis . c. 2. a Thresher Triturátor , tóris . m. a Ditcher Fossor , sóris m. a Gardiner Hortulánus , ni . m. a Fowler Auceps , cupis . c. 2. a Fi●herman Piscátor , óris . m. an An●ling-rod Vimen piscátorium . a Tawne , or Line Funículus se●áceus . a Hook ●ámus , mi . m. 39. Of a Journey . 39. De Itinere . A Passenger VIator , toris . m. a Traveller Pereg●ínus , ni . m. a Way Via , ae . f. a Causey Agger , ĕris . m. a Bridge Pons , ris . m. a Ferry Trajéctus , us . m. an Host , or a Guest Hospes , itis , c. 2. 40. Of a Voyage . 40. De Navigatione . A Ship NAvis , vis . f. a Barque Actuárium , rii n. a Barge Seláta , tae . f. a Keel Ca●ína , nae . f. a Boat Cy●●ba , bae . f. the Hatches Pé●gula , lae . f. the Prow Próra , rae . f. the Poop Puppis , pis . f. an Oar Rémus , mi . m. a Mast Málus , li m. the S●il-yard Anténna , nae . f. the Helm or Stern Gubernáculum , li. n. a Cord Fúnis , is . m. a ca●le rope Rúdens , tis . d g. an Anchor Anchóra , rae . f. a S●il Vélum , li . n. Balast Saburra , rae . f. the Shipmaster Nauclérus , ri . m. the Pilot Gubernátor , tóris . m. a Sailer , or Mariner Nauta , tae . m. a Rower Remex , migis , c. 2. Shipwrack Nauftágium , gii . n. 41. Of buying & selling . 41. De Mercatura . A Market FOrum , ri . n. a Fair Núndinum , ni n. a Tell-booth Praetórium , rii . n. a Creditor Créditor , tóris . m. a Debtor Débitor , tóris . m. a Merchant Mercator , tóris m. a Chapman Licitátor , tóris . m. a Buier , or Customer Emp●or , tóris . m. a Seller Vénditor , tóris . m. a Price Prétium , tii . n. the Custom Portórium , rii . n. Excise Vectígal , gális . n. Ware Merx , cis . f. a Bargain Pactum , cti . n. Gain Lúcrum , cri . n. Loss Damnum , ni . n. R●ceipts Recepta , ptórum . n. Expenses Expensa , sórum . n. Remains Réliqua , quórum . n. a ●um Summa , mae . f. a ●●unter Calculus , li. m. a ●●cket , or Tally T●ssera , rae . f. Vsury Usura , rae . f. the ●eck , or principal Caput , pĭris . n. the Vs● or Interest Foenus , oris . n. Wages Stips , stipis . f. a School-masters wages Minerval , vális n. a Por●ion Dos , dótis f. 42. Of Coins and Numbers . 42. De nummis & numeris . MOn●y MOnéta , tae . f. a Farthing Quádrans , t is . f. a half-penny Obolus li. m. a penny De●arius , rii . m. a Gr●●t , or four pence Drachma mae . f. a Tester , or six pence S●mi-sólidus , di . m. a Shilling or twel●e pence S●lidus , di . m. a crown , or five shillings Coronatus , ti . m. a Pound , or twenty shillings Libra , brae . f. One 1. I. Unus , um . Two 2. II. Duo , ae . o. Thrée 3. III. Tres , tria . c. 2 : Four 4. IV. Quatuor . Five 5. V. Quinque . Six 6. VI . Sex . Seven 7. VII . Septem. Eight 8 VIII . Octo. Nine 9. IX . Novem. Ten 10. X. Decem : Eleven 11. XI . Undĕcim . Twelve 12. XII . Duódecim . Thirteen 13. XIII . Trédecim . Fourteen 14. XIV . Quatuórdecim . Fiftéen 15. XV . Quindecim . Sixteen 16. XVI Séxdecim . Seventéen 17. XVII . Septémdecim . Eighteen 18. XVIII . Octódecim . Nineteen 19 XIX . Novémdecim . Twenty 20. XX . Viginti . Thirty 30. XXX . Triginta . Forty 40. XL . Quadraginta . Fifty 50. L. Q●inquaginta . Sixty , or Thréescore 60. LX . Sexaginta . Seventy , or threescore and ten 70 LXX . Septuaginta . Eighty , or fourscore 80. LXXX . Octoginta . Ninety , or fourscore and ten 90. XC . Nonaginta . an hundred 100. C. Centum . Five hundred 500. D. Quingenti , ae . a. a Thousand 1000. M. Mille . 43. Of weights and measures . 43. De Ponderibus & Mensuris . A Pair of Weigh-Scales LIbra , brae f. the Beam Júgum , gi . n. the Handle Ansa , sae . f. the tongue of the Ball●nce Exámen , ĭnis . n. a Scale Lanx , cis . f. a Grain Gránum , ni n. a Scruple Scrúpulus , li. m. an Ounce Uncia , ae . f. a Pound Libra , brae f. an Hundred weight Centum pondium , dii . n. an nch Pollex , lícis m. a Span Spithama , mae . an El●e Vlna , nae . f. a Yard Virga gae . f. a Foot Pes , pédis . m. a Pace Passus , us . m. a Pole or perch Decémpeda , dae . f. a Furlong Stádium , dii . n. a Mile Milliáre , ris n. a Spoonfull C●chlear . ●ris . n. a S●wcerfull Acetábulum , li. n. half a Pinte or a Gill Trientál , ális . n. a Pinte H●mina , nae f. a Qu●rt Sextárius , rii . m. a Pottle Duo Sextárii . a Gallon Cóngius , gii . m. a Firkin Urna , nae . f. a Kilderkin Amphora , rae . f. a Barrel Cádus , di . m. a Peck Sátum , ti . n. a Bushel Módius , dii . a Seme or a Quarter Córus , ri . m. 44. Of Sports . 44. De Lusibus . A Gamester LUsor , óris m. a Side Pars , tis . f. a Partner Sodális , lis . c. 2. a By-stander Spectátor , tóris m. a Play-fellow Collúsor , sóris . m. a Lot Sors , t is . f. the Wager Brabium , bii . n. a pair of buts Métae , árum . f. a Ball Píla , lae . f. a Bandy Retículum , li. n. a Batledore Feritórium , rii . a Shitlecock Plúmulae suberátae . a Quoit Discus , sci . m. a Bowl Glóbus ligneus . a Bowling-stone Glóbulus lúteus . a Top Tróchus , ci . m. a Scourge Scútica , cae . f. a Wherlegig Vertículum , li n. a Huckle-bone , or a long Lawrence Tálus , li. m. a Die Téssera , rae . f. a Casting-box Fritillus , li. m. Draughts , or wilde-Goose chase Scrupor● duodecim lusus . a Pair of tables Alvus lusórius , rii . m. a table man Cálculus , li. m. a che●man Latro , ónis . m. a Card Charta lusória . a coat-Card Imágo humána . a single card Charta púra . a Suit Família , ae . f. an Heart Cor , dis . n. a Diamond or pict Rhombus , bi . m : a Club Trisólium , lii . n. a Spade Vomérculus , li. m. Odd or even Par & Imper. a merrytotter , or the haltering of Hixe's mare Oscillátio , ónis . f. a Skittle-pin Paxillus , li. m. Fox to thy hole Ascoliasmus , mi . m. Hide and Péep Apodidrasinda , dae . f. One penny come after me Basilinda , dae . f. Blinde man buff Myinda , dae f. How many plums for ● penny Chytrinda , dae . f. Drop glove Schaenophilínda , dae . f. a Duck and a Drake & a water-s●ake Epohracismus , mi . m. a Leap , or a Iump Saltus , ûs . m. a Rope-dancer Funambulo , lónis . m. a Puppet-player Gesticulátor , toris . m. a Stage-player Histrio , ónis . m. a vice , or foo● in a play Mimus , mi . m. an Actor Persona , nae . f. a Wizard Larva , vae . f. 45. Of Musick . 45. De Musicâ . A Musician MUsicus , ci . m. a Song Musa , sae . f. a ●ote or Tune Tonus , ni . m. a Sound Sonus , ni . m. the Treble Sonus Tummus . the Mean Sonus médius . the Base Sonus imus . a Dancing-school Ludus saltatórius . a Fiddle Fides , dis . f. a Fiddle-stick Daedala , lae . f. a Fiddle-string Chórdula , lae . f. a Cythern Cithara , rae . f. a Quil Plectrum , tri . m. an Hary Lyra , rae . f. a pair of Virginals Espinéta , tae f. a Iews-trump Crémbalum , li. n : a Taber Tympanum . ni . n. a Whistle Fistula , lae . f. a Pipe Tibia , ae . f. a Fidler Fidícen , inis . m. a Piper Tibícen , inis . m. Waits Spondiauli . A Table of the Heads . Index Capitum . 1. OF Spirits DE Spiritibus Pag. 1 2. Of Heaven De Coelo Pag. 1 3 Of Times De Temporibus Pag. 2 4. Of the Elements and Meteors De Elementis & Meteoris Pag. 3 5. Of certain Countries De quibusdam regionibus Pag. 5 6. Of Stones and Metals De Lapidivus & Metallis Pag. 6 7. Of Herbs De Herbis Pag. 7 8. Of Flowers De Floribus Pag. 10 9. Of Corn De Frugibus Pag. 11 10. Of Trees and Shurbs De Ar●oribus & fru●icibus Pag. 12 11. Of things belonging to Trees and Shurbs De Arborum & Fruticum appendicibus Pag. 14 12. Of Fruits De Fructibus Pag. 15 13. Of Spices De Aromatibus Pag. 17 14. Of Vermine De Insectis Pag. 17 15. Of Fish De Piscibus Pag. 19 16. Of Birds De Avibus Pag. 20 17 Of Beasts De Bestiis Pag. 23 18. Of the parts of mans Body De partibus humani cor●poris Pag. 25 19. Of certain things belonging to the body Pa De quibusdam cor●● accidentibus Pag. 29 20. Of the faculties of mans soul . De facultatibus 〈◊〉 humanae Pag. 30 21. Of Diseases . De Morbis Pag. 30 22. Of Vertues & Vices De Virtutibus & 〈◊〉 Pag. 32 23 Of Mans age . De Aetate Pag. 35 24. Of Affinity and Kinship . De Affinitate & Cog●tione Pag. 35 25. Of Meats . De Cibis Pag. 36 26. Of Drink . De Potu Pag. 38 27. Of Apparel . De Vestitu Pag. 39 28. Of Buildings . De Aedificiis Pag. 41 29. Of the parts of a Building . De partibus Aedificii Pag. 44 30. Of Houshold-goods De Supellectile Pag. 47 31. Of Houshold affairs De rebus Domesticis Pag. 51 32 Of country-matters . ●De rebus Rusticis Pag. 5 33. Of Town matters . De rebus Vrbanis Pag. 53 34. Of a School . De Schola Pag. 54 35. Of Law-matters . De rebus Juridicis . Pag. 55 36. Of Warfare . De Militia Pag. 56 37. Of the Church . De Ecclesia Pag. 58 38. Of the Common-wealth . De Republica Pag. 59 39. Of Trades . De Artibus Pag. 59 40. Of a Iourney . 62 De Itinere 41. Of a Voyage . De Navigatione Pag. 63 42 Of buying & selling De Mercatura Pag. 63 43. Of Coins and Numbers . De nummis & numeris Pag. 64 44. Of weights and Measures . De Ponderibur & Mensuris Pag. 66 45. Of Sports . De Lusibas Pag. 67 46. Of Musick . De Musica Pag. 68 FINIS . 
A19762	----	Orthoepia Anglicana: or, the first principall part of the English grammar teaching the art of right speaking and pronouncing English, with certaine exact rules of orthography, and rules of spelling or combining of syllables, and directions for keeping of stops or points between sentence and sentence. A work in it selfe absolute, and never knowne to be accomplished by any before ... Methodically composed by the industry and observation of Simon Daines schoolemaster of Hintlesham in Suffs. Daines, Simon. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A19762 of text S109244 in the English Short Title Catalog (STC 6190). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 216 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 56 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A19762 STC 6190 ESTC S109244 99844894 99844894 9747 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A19762) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 9747) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1134:10) Orthoepia Anglicana: or, the first principall part of the English grammar teaching the art of right speaking and pronouncing English, with certaine exact rules of orthography, and rules of spelling or combining of syllables, and directions for keeping of stops or points between sentence and sentence. A work in it selfe absolute, and never knowne to be accomplished by any before ... Methodically composed by the industry and observation of Simon Daines schoolemaster of Hintlesham in Suffs. Daines, Simon. [14], 96 p. Printed by Robert Young and Richard Badger for the Company of Stationers, London : anno Domini 1640. "Certaine briefe notes, or directions, for writing of letters, or familiar epistles", p. 82-96. Running title reads: Orthoepia, or, The art of right speaking. Reproduction of the original in the Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. eng English language -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Pronunciation -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Orthography and spelling -- Early works to 1800. Letter writing -- Early works to 1800. A19762 S109244 (STC 6190). civilwar no Orthoepia Anglicana: or, the first principall part of the English grammar: teaching the art of right speaking and pronouncing English, with Daines, Simon 1640 36586 23 60 0 0 1 0 25 C The rate of 25 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the C category of texts with between 10 and 35 defects per 10,000 words. 2006-09 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-09 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-10 Jason Colman Sampled and proofread 2007-10 Jason Colman Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion ORTHOEPIA ANGLICANA : OR , THE FIRST PRINCIPALL PART OF THE ENGLISH GRAMMAR : TEACHING The Art of right speaking and pronouncing English , With certaine exact rules of Orthography , and rules of spelling or combining of Syllables , and directions for keeping of stops or points between sentence and sentence . A work in it selfe absolute , and never knowne to be accomplished by any before : No lesse profitable then necessary for all sorts , as well Natives as Forreigners , that desire to attaine the perfection of our English Tongue . Methodically composed by the industry and observation of SIMON DAINES Schoolemaster of HINTLESHAM in Suffs . Perficit omnia tempus . LONDON , Printed by Robert Young and Richard Badger for the Company of Stationers , Anno Domini 1640. reduce this confused manner of practice to some regular form ; whereby the Teacher might be exonerated a great part of his burden , the Learner encouraged with more facility and expedition to proceed , we , in generall , induced to repose more confidence and delight in our owne Tongue , and the stranger allured to the knowledge of it . Now therefore , since the perfection of all Arts ( whereto the knowledge of Tongues ought to be reduced ) consists as well in the Theory , as the Practice : ( the one whereof makes a knowing man , the other a ready ) and this Theory in the resolutive mood , or knowledge of Universals ; wee are , as well in this , as all other Tongues or Languages , to have recourse to Grammar , as the generall fountain . This the Greeks call {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , or the knowledg of Letters . But according to the acception of the term , it is usually ( among the Latins especially ) divided into foure parts , viz. Orthoepie & Orthography ( which only differ in this , that the one hath respect to right speaking , the other to right writing ) Etymology ( which teacheth the knowledg of the parts of speech , and how to order and propose them truly ) Syntax ( which treateth of the construction of the parts ) and Prosody ( which chiefly belongs to Poets ) that expostulateth the accent , rythme , quantity , and measure of feet in every word or verse . The two former integrall Parts , to wit , Orthoepie and Etymologie ( as most necessary and only absolutely requisite in our English Tongue ) I have for our purpose sufficiently discussed , and reduced into a classicall method : The latter two I remit to Practice in reading such Oratours and Poets as our Tongue affords , wherewith every Stationers shop is amply replete . But for the present I have only set forth the first part , ( as he that would not spend all his shot at once , or the mariner that first rigs out his Pinnace to certifie whatseas ) especially since it is more chiefly conducing to all sorts , it being indeed dressed to sympathize with every palate . The Etymologicall part being onely intended for such as are to proceed in higher Classes , shall ( God willing ) speedily follow , accompanying the Latin Introduction , the better to demonstrate the difference between both Tongues . The benefit that may hereby redound to the Learner , I will not here stand to expostulate , after the custome of every idle Pamphleter , that is enforced to be the blazer of his own praise to make his book sell the better . Let those that shall make triall speak for me what they find : only this I dare presume , that this little Treatise , rightly taught , will be enough to inform any ordinary capacity the knowledg of our English Tongue , so far as concerns Orthoepie and Orthography : whereby he that is to proceed further , shall not need to waste so much time in English , and yet be sufficiently instructed . The manner of teaching it I refer to the judgement of the Teacher , accounting it too much to set up a light , and hold the candlesticke too . The variety of Impressions , ( or Prints as we call them ) will serve as an instance to my purpose . For the child in A. B. C. ( as it is termed ) that I may begin with the babe , I have caused a new Alphabet , or order of Letters , to be imprinted in the three severall sorts of Characters most usuall in our English , & most Tongues of Europe . When he is perfect in them , and able to distinguish the Vowels and Consonants asunder , then let him enter this , going presently to the Dipthongs , to be informed by his Master their number and use : thence immediately to the Syllables mixt . The rest at the discretion of the Tutor ( for I presume no Teacher is so ignorant as shall need instructions for the ordring of his Pupils . ) Et siquid novit rectius , candidus impertiat ; if not , make use of this with me , that desire to assume no further to my selfe , then what may stand with the glory of God , and the generall good of my endeared Countrey . This ( as I said ) I propose as a servant to all : for notwithstanding my whole scope herein be onely to assist the stranger and ignorant , and not to bring in captivity them whose more happy Intellects may of themselves produce more cleare conception ; yet if any scholler of our own shall vouchsafe the reading of so poor a Pamphlet , he perhaps in somewhat may find the Proverb true , that saies , No tree is so barren but may yeeld some fruit , be it never so little . At least I desire his censure of this Opusculum , but newly hatched , may be but as milde , as my intentions reall for the more certain and speedy advancement of learning ; lest the blossome be blasted ere it comes to perfection . Thus courteous Reader ( of what ranke soever ) accept of these small labours , as thou shalt find them beneficiall . Many ( I confesse ) as well friends as strangers , have much animated and desired me to publish them for the common good . But when they shall come to the open view of the world , I know not how after the Presse they will escape the Rack and Strappado ; for bookes and bondage are subject to the most heavie censures : Sed age Liber , vade liber , & vale . S. D. Upon the English Orthoepie , To the Author . I Tell thee , Sim , th'ast done us double wrong To live concealed to thy selfe thus long ; Seeing the want of some Directour , when England has had so many Tongues as men , And every one his way of speaking . And Thus many spake , that could not understand . But thou'lt informe their judgements . Let it be . Set up thy Light , that whoso will may see The readie way to Athens . This alone Gives clearer light , then heretofore ere shone From any English Lamp , in illustration Of our owne Tongue . ( A glory to thy Nation ! ) Goe then , & let no feare of censure fright Or wrong thee : Thou shalt teach them to speake right . M. TIMPERLEY Esquire . Upon his friend the Author and his Work . I Am none of the Muses sacred quire , My braine 's too coole for Helicon t' inspire . But this I le say in plaine termes , Thou hast done What I but wisht to live to see begun : Which who ere reades , may easily discerne The Proverb true , We all may live and learne . I. H. In amicum , & eius Orthoëpiam Anglicanam , simul ac Etymologiam Anglo-latinum . PLurima perspexi symptomata , plurimatandem Et gravia amovi , trutinas aggressus eorum Causas . ( Morbus agit , morbum porrò ista sequuntur . ) Cuncta sed haec inter gravius stipata {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} Difficilem inveni , Stygio quifortè palude , Germanove prius nostras resilivit adoras . Noster enim morbus Linguae communis inhaeret . Proprium at est cujusque suum . Sic Plica Polonis : Jampridem bene nota lues sic Gallica Gallis ; Quam simul Italiae tribuunt ; Hispanaque fertur . Aspicis ut neglecta diu jacet Anglo-Britanna Lingua relicta suis , multis lacer at a catervis ! Tuque adeo Medicus potior , medicamine solo , Atque labore uno , qui jam curator adesses Tot simul , & semel . Haec tua laus , tua fama perennis . Instruis errantes , tua nos dum Recti-loquelam Orthoëpia docet . Sed quid cum ver a docebis ? Perge , age , fac . Steterisque diu mihi magnus Apollo . R. WOLVERTON Phil. & Medicus . To his friend the Author , upon his elaborate and deserving worke , the two principle parts of the English Grammar . WHere can one walke along the streets , but hee May Schollers , Courtiers , and good Linguists see ? But all for Forreigne Tongues . Poore English now Is onely left for him that drives the plough . How many have I heard chat French as fast As Parrats ! that being put to write in hast An English Letter would perhaps incline To make a●●ct to pardon for each line A solecisme ! And this chiefly is , Because for practice they instructions misse . I 've often heard an English Grammars name , That Forreign Countries might no more defame Our Tongue for being irregular ; but till now Could never come to see one part : which thou Hast happily perform'd . Ben Johnson rail'd On Vulcans fury that had his entail'd : But thine , in spight of Vulcan , shall ensue To after Ages . 'T is both Right and True . T. B. Esquire . In Authorem . NEscio cur tu , Nescio , ais , dulcedine quavis Ductus ? dum Dux es , ducis & ipse tuos . En nativus Amor ( namque illum {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} amorem , Cum dedit Esse , dedit ) cogit , & instimulat ! Hic Homini communis inest : Qui sentit , habetur {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} qui non , non benedictus Homo . Te vero sentire probat , memor esse tuorum Conatu hoc . Ergo , Tu benedictus Homo . I. S. Artium Magister . Upon the Author and his Work . WHat shall I say ? shall I the worke alone Applaud ? or thee by whom the worke is done ? In thee I find the Cause , in it th'effect ; Let that then have th'applause , thou the respect : Onely this difference is , thy selfe must die ; But this shall live free from mortality . T. T. Phil. Cand. The English Alphabet , Expressing the number , order , denomination , and figure , or Charactericall forme of the Letters , as well Capitall as Small , according to their use in the English Tongue : In the three most usuall impressions appertaining to most Tongues in Europe . There be in the English Tongue foure and twenty Letters , as here followeth . The old English print . Their names , or denominations . The Latin and Italica prints now chiefly in use . Capitall . Small .           A a a Cap. Small . Cap. Small . B b be A a A a C c ce B b B b D d de C c C c E e e D d D d F f of E e E e G g ge F f F f H h * ach G g G g I i i H h H h K k ka I i I i L l el K k K k M m em L l L l N n en M m M m O o o N n N n P p pe O o O o Q q qu , or kuh P p P p R rr er , or ar Q q Q q S ss es R r R r T t te S ss S ss V v u u T t T t W w * double u V v u V v u X x * ex , or ix W w W w Y y * wi X x X x Z z * ezard , or better edsard . Y y Y y       Z z Z z Whereof these six , a , e , i , o , u , and y , be Vowels , all the rest be Consonants . Which of these be invariable , or have alwayes the force of Vowels , and which sometime degenerate into Consonants , and when , see further in our Treatise of Vowels in particular . This we have onely set downe for children , à primo ingressu or their first entrance . The Asteriskes denote those Letters , so marked , have somewhat peculiar , and are particularly treated of more then the other Consonants . OPERI PROEMIUM , OR A SHORT INTRODUCTION . SEtting aside all inquisitive curiosity concerning the difference between the two vulgar terms of Tongue and Language , or whether it be in respect of primitive and derivative ; nor undertaking positively to determine which be Tongues , and which Languages , or how many divisions of speech were implanted among men at the dissolution of the Tower of Babel ( for so many , I conjecture , may most properly be called Languages according to the strict sense ) as truly too curious and little conducing to our present purpose ; we will immediately come to treat of Letters , as the first Elements or Principles of speech in every Tongue or Language whatsoever . Of Letters in genere . A Letter ( according to Sealiger ) is an individuall part of a word , or the least part whereinto any word can be resolved . But in respect of certain Monograms , or words of one Letter , Master Danes in his Paralipomena hath defined it , An individuall articulate voice , or sound : by articulate , meaning that which is proper to men , to distinguish it from that of beasts . What concernes the derivation of the word , the Latines call it Litera ( whence our term Letter came ) quasi litura , saith Calepine : So that , according to the Etymologie , or strict sense of the terme , Letters are but certaine Characters , or notes , whereby any word is expressed in writing : and for this cause were they by the antient Latinists distinguished into Letters , as they be Charactericall notes ; and Elements , as the first grounds or Principles of fpeech . But this nicety is confounded in the generall acception , which promiscuously termes them Letters ; and this we shall follow . In these therefore are wee to consider their force and figure . As for their name and order , so farre as concernes our English Tongue , wee referre you to the Alphabet . The force or power of a Letter ( saith Scaliger ) is the sound whereby it is produced in pronunciation , &c. To whom we remit , for further satisfaction , the Teacher and learned Reader . Their figure is divers , according to their severall Characters , and that likewise varying in the diversity of impressions , wherein they be either imprinted or written , in respect of their severall use , and the relation they have to severall Tongues or Languages . Their number ( as I said ) in our English Tongue be 24. But the Latin , nor few Languages or Tongues whatsoever , at least Scholasticall , admit so many . These Characters or Letters , in difference of quantity , be either capitall or small , as appeares by the formes expressed in our Alphabet . The Capitall or great Letters ( though in some diversitie of figure ) were chiefly in use with our Predecessors the Saxons , and the most antient Latines . Of these , some be called Numerals ; to wit , when they be used to expresse some certain Arithmeticall number ; as I , for one ; V , for five ; X , for ten ; L , for fiftie ; C , for an hundred , D , or D , for five hundred ; M , or M , for a thousand ; ↁ , five thousand ; ↂ , ten thousand ; &c. Where note , that when a lesser number precedes a greater , it takes from the greater number so much as the lesser in it selfe contains ; as IV , stands but for foure ; IX , for nine ; XL , for forty ; XC , ninety ; CD , for foure hundred ; &c. Sometime Abbreviatives , viz. when either alone , or with some abbreviated Character , they stand for some Proper name , or other peculiar word beginning with the same letter ; as F. for Francis , M. for Martha , Ri. for Richard , Tho. for Thomas , &c. which is usuall with us in Prenomens ( which we call Christian names ) especially where the Surname is expressed at large , and oftentimes where both name & Surname is specified by two capitall letters , as R. S. for Richard Shore . In some certain appellative words likewise , as Matie , Majestie ; Hoble , Honourable ; Hd , Honoured ; Lop , Lordship ; Rd , Reverend ; Sr , Sir ; Worpll , Worshipfull ; Kt. . Knight ; Esqr. Esquire , &c. as in practice every where occurres . For other Abbreviations we remit to rules of Orthography . Their peculiar force of Pronunciation shal be exemplified in their further particulars . In the meane time let this suffice for Letters in generall . Of Letters in specie , and first of the Vowels . LEtters in genere be divided into Vowels and Consonants . A Vowel is a Letter , which of it selfe yeelds a perfect sound , or hath power to produce a syllable . Calepine hath it , Vocalisest , quae per seipsam , vel suaipsius potestate pronunciari queat . Our terme Vowell springs to us from the Latine diction Vocalis , which they derive from the Verb Voco , or rather Voce the Ablative case of Vox : Quia sine vocali non datur vox articulata a perfecta : Because no syllable , or articulate sound , can bee proposed without the help of some Vowell . The number of the Vowels with us be six , viz. A , E , I , O , U , Y. Whereof A , E , and O , are alwayes proper and invariable , the other three doe many times degenerate into Consonants , to wit , when in the beginning of a word or syllable they be joyned before themselves , or any other Vowel or Dipthong : Onely Y never precedes it selfe . Some have introduced W for a seaventh , in regard we sometime improperly use it in stead of V. But by reason it is in it selfe a Consonant properly , and onely by custome abusively prevailing in the nature of a Vowel , I thought it not so fit to bee inserted in the number of Vowels , for these reasons : First , because it is a combination compact of two Letters , and therefore had it the force of a vowel , it would be rather a Dipthong then a Vowel . Secondly , because without another Vowel it is not apt to be pronounced , or make a syllable ; therefore no Vowel . Thirdly , by reason it exacts more then one Element or syllable in its pronunciation , which a Vowel doth not . Fourthly , in regard of its generall use , which hath it onely a Consonant , except sometime after one of these three Vowels , A , E , and O ; and that chiefly in Monosyllables , and the ends of words , for the fuller sound sake , when it may be said to make a Tripthong for the former reasons ; but this Tradition hath imposed and made indeed onely peculiar to us . Let this therefore suffice for the number of Vowels , and now proceed we to their severall pronunciations in our English Tongue . The pronunciation of the Vowels severally . A , in it selfe ought to be sounded moderately full , and broad ; but , joyned with other Letters , wee ought to respect the severall natures of the Consonants whereto it adheres , or the syllable wherein it is included , and so sound it more or lesse full according to the generall custome of the Pronunciation of such syllables , which we shall more amply demonstrate in our Treatise of syllables . But having relation to its originall propriety and generall use in all countries , it is farre more tolerable to incline rather to too full a sound after the manner of a Forreigne Calfe , then with some that nicely mince it , to make it resemble the bleat of an English Lamb ; especially since it often beares the same force with Au Dipthong . E we usually pronounce not much unlike the Greek γ , or Eta , whence , I conceive , we derive the use and pronunciation of Ee double , whose faculty we notwithstanding for the most part usurp in the pronunciation of the single E , sounding it almost after the manner of the Latin I , ( as it is truely uttered by the Italians , French , Spaniards , and most nations of Europe ) but not altogether with the tongue so much restrained . And what they call E , we write with Ea , as in Bread , Sea , and the like . I , according to our moderne and most commendable Orthoepiists , somewhat imitates the sound of the Latin Ei dipthong ( though not altogether so full ) as it is usually pronounced ; or rather , indeed , the Greek Iota , whose force it truly retains with us , though much differing in it among our selves : for many of our Northerns especially abuse it with too broad a sound both single and joyned with other letters , like the Dipthong Ai , making no difference in pronunciation betweene fire and faire . Others againe on the contrary side , with an affected imitation of the Beyond-sea pronunciation , striving to Latinize it , would make a traveller , if not a Forreigner , of it . But I for my part , as I esteeme that manner of pronunciation most to be practised , which best suits the nature of the Tongue or Language whatsoever , as most proper to it , and which hath beene most generally received among the learned ; so hold I it the greatest property and praise of a Linguist to attribute to each severall Tongue its native faculty : So that I most approve in the English Tongue the English tone , accepted and delivered by such of our Ancestors as were able to judge , no lesse detesting barbarisms , then novelty and affectation . This I conceive a medium betweene the other two extremes , wherein we differ from the Latin , and most Tongues of Europe , as much as they from the antient Greeks ; as every Language hath somewhat peculiar . O for the most part differs little from that of Latium , whence we tooke it : Onely sometimes in proper names especially we abusivè sound it U , as in Edmond and Edmund , Paighton , Paitun , short , &c. U in like sort makes little other difference betweene us and the Latines , but onely in point of state ; as when it concludes any word as a single vowell , it exacts with us , by way of Orthographie , to be alwaies , or for the most part , attended with E ; as in due , true , ensue , &c. where ( as in many places else ) E serves but as an unnecessary Servitour , as shall hereafter be shewed . Y , which as a single Letter we call Wi , hath in a manner the same force with the Vowell I , and in the end of a word may indifferently be written in lieu of I , or rather Ie , ( for indeed we with the Dutch have learned to make a shadow of the substance of many Letters ) as in merry , or merrie ; mercie , or mercy , and the like : and is most generally used in Monosyllables , or words of one syllable , where it sounds I long , as in my , thy , by , why , which are alwayes written with Y ; the rest be indifferent , as ty , or tie , &c. But in the beginning or middle of a word it is seldome , and that lesse properly , inserted as a Vowell , unlesse in some few words derived from the Greeke , expressed by ypsilon ; or proper names , which in all Tongues be irregular . For the derivation of it , the word Symptome can testifie sufficiently from whence we had it . Notwithstanding , I know there are who would deduce it from II double , whose sound ( they say ) it beares contractivè , as , Yet , quasi II et , &c. But this I referre to the judgment of the Reader . As a Consonant it hath a peculiar power ; which expect in its proper place . In the meane time let this suffice for Vowels in particular . Of Dipthongs , or the combinations of two Vowels in one syllable . WHen two Vowels be comprehended together in one syllable , they be called Dipthongs : wherefore a Dipthong may be defined , The combination , or ( as some have it ) the comprehension of two Vowels together in one syllable , either of them retaining a force in pronunciation . Or briefly thus , A Dipthong is the contraction of two Vowels : which better suits our English Tongue , by reason we have some Dipthongs where one Vowell loseth its faculty in the pronunciation of the other . The word Dipthong , which the Latines call Dipthongus , is derived ( according to Calepine , and Johannes de Janua ) à {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , vel {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , & {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} sonus , vel qui proprie Vocalis est sonus . Et est ( saith one ) conglutinatio duarum vocalium vim suam servantium , &c. The number of Dipthongs , and their manner of pronunciation . THere belong to our English Tongue eighteene Dipthongs : viz. 1 aa as in Baal , Isaac . 2 ai as in Faire , Despaire . 3 au as in Laud , Applaud . 4 ea as in Feare , Speake . 5 ee as in Feed , Bleed . 6 ei as in Receive , Weight . 7 eo as in Jeopardy , Geometry , George . 8 eu as in Rheume , Eustace . 9 ie as in Field , Friend . 10 oa as in Boat , Goale . 11 oe as in Toe , Shoe , Phoenix , Foelicity . 12 oi as in Void , Joine . 13 oo as in Good , Food . 14 ou as in Bloud , Gourd . 15 ua as in Guard , Quake . 16 ue as in Guerdon . 17 ui as in Quire , Build . 18 uo as in Quoth . Ae we never have in English , but onely in such words as be meerely Latin , though drest in an English garb ; as in Praeheminent , praevalent , &c. Praeamble , & similia : and is most usually written in this figure [ ę ] The first , to wit Aa , we onely use in Proper names , and words derived from the Hebrew . Ai , we pronounce according to the Latin , as in faire , &c. excepting haire , which we sound as if it were written hare , but a little brisker , or rather like heare ; and the verb say ▪ which we for brevity sake call sa ; and saist , as sest ; saith , as sath ; said , as sed the Latin Conjunction , &c. though irregularly . Au , the Dipthong we usually sound after the manner of the Latine au , except in baume the herb , where it sounds A ( as the French pronounce it ) full . Ea we sound like the Latin E , and it is alwaies proper , or invariable ; onely in Phleagme ( which we borrow of the Greeke {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} ) it is for the most part sounded with E short , and G omitted , as in Phleme . Ee , is alwaies the same in pronunciation with the Greek γ and the Latin I , as I said in the Vowels . Ei , we generally pronounce like the Latin Ai , with little difference of sound ; as in receive , streight , &c. And what force the Latines give to their Ei Dipthong ▪ wee attribute the same in effect to our single I , as in the Vowels is said : where note , wee abusively sound the word Heire , or eritour ritour , like Aire , unaspirate and full , as if there were no difference of Letters . But where Gh succeeds , the Dipthong is sounded shorter , and Gh loseth all its faculty , as weight , quasi wait , &c. Some pronounce Ei like Ea in many words , and for the same purpose write it so too , but altogether against rule or authority ; as receave , for receive ; conceave , for conceive , &c. especially where it precedeth V. Eo , we pronounce in jeopardy and Leopard with the om●ssion of O , in Geometry with the losse of E , and G different from it selfe in power when it goes before O , calling it jometry short . Only in Geography this Dipthong is proper , and in it selfe complete : but we make little use of it , other then in the foure words here recited . Eu , beares the same force with the Latin Eu , in words from thence derived , or proper names , as in Eustace ; but in words originally English , we for the most part sound it like u single , without the E , as in Rheume , quasi Rume , &c. Ie , differs little in sound from the Latin I , and our Ee Dipthong , as in field chiefe , Shrieve ( which is truly written Sheriffe ) siege , &c. where we pronounce E long without any I at all , and friend where E short , &c. But you must observe by the way , that this Dipthong never happens in the beginning of a word or syllable , for then is J alwaies a Consonant , and never a Vowell , whereby it cannot compose a Dipthong , which is the combination of two Vowels . Oa , sounds generally after the Greeke Omega , with the losse of A ; as in boat , coale , &c. Goale , or prison , is thus truely written , but pronounced like Jaile . Oe , in the end of a word ( as for the most part it seldome happens else in words meerely English , though usuall in the Latine , and such as wee immediately derive from thence ) is the same in pronunciation with O single , as in Toe , &c. except shoe , which sounds shoo , as some pronounce the Greeke Dipthong Ov ; and Phoenix , foelicity , &c. where it followes the Latine , bearing chiefly the force of E. Oi , is originally derived from the Greek , whose faculty in pronunciation it truely retaines with us , as in void , destroid , joine , &c. But in many words which wee take from the French it imitates more their pronunciation , which a little differs , and but a little , as in purloine , &c. where it inclines more to our I , though with somewhat a flatter or more dull sound . Ou , differs much in pronunciation . In bound , boule , ( as to trundle a boule ) croud ( or throng ) &c. it is properly in its native sound , deduced from the Greckes , as it is by their best Linguists truely pronounced . But with Gh succeeding , it sounds farre more aspirate , as in bought , which we pronounce bowt , after the manner of the substantive bow , ( or that which men use to shoot with ) Gh having no other force in themselves . And thus it is in all Participles of the Preter tense ending in ought as bought , sought , thought , and the Adjective nought ; except fought the Preter-participle of fight , which sounds fou't , after the manner of stout , bout , proper . In like sort bough ( or arme of a tree , ) plough , through ; except tough , which sounds with a brisk aspiration , and enough , which many of us call enuff , ( sed perperam . ) U going before R in the end or last syllable of certaine words , loseth its force , as in honour , neighbour ; except our , your , and all Monosyllables : Where note , that what words we borrow of the Latin , ending in or , we write with our ; as in labor the Latin word , and labour the English : and some we take from the French , as Paramour . In the word bloud it is sounded without o , u short ; in gourd , without u , o long . In would , could , should , it is usually pronounced like Oo double . Oo in Poore imitates in sound the Greek Omega , but in other words we usually pronounce almost as the French and Waloones doe their Ο in Tilmont , Paramont , &c. and as some would have the Greeke ο , though falsely . It varies little in pronunciation ; as in these words appeares , soone , boone , loome , moone , crooke , tooth , sooth ( which some call suth ) good , food ; except wood , and stood , the Preterperfect tense of the Verb stand , which we pronounce as they were wud , and stud , and wool , quasi wul . Ua is alwaies proper when it followes q , as in quake ; but after g , u is of little force : where you may take notice , that all these Dipthongs which begin with u , seldome or never follow any other Consonant but g , and q , whereof the two last can onely follow q , except ui in build and juice ; the other two indifferent . But when q precedes any of them , u retaines its sound , which after g it loseth ; as in guard , &c. except Language , as is instanced in the Table of Dipthongs . These three , Au , Ei , Ou , be many times sounded with a kind of aspiration , by reason of Gh often inserted in the same syllable succeeding , and serving there to no other use but to aspirate the Dipthong , as I said before in Ei and Ou. Ei in the word Forreigner hath G , in the nature of the Greek γ , but short , and in a manner altogether vanishing away . Au with Gh in the middle of a word sounds like Af for the most part , as in these substantives , daughter , laughter , which most of us pronounce dafter , lafter ; except slaughter , which is slater , with A broad and full , after the manner of the French tone . The rest goe according to the tenure of the precedent rules , as caught , taught , &c. And thus terminates very many of our Participles in the Preter tense . There are ( and those diligent Inquisitours in the English tongue ) who would inhance our number of Dipthongs to one and thirty , by the severall connexions of W and Y with the other Vowels , as if they were alwayes Vowels . But I have rejected them for these reasons : First , Y before any other Vowel alwayes degenerates into a Consonant ( as will by provingit plainly appeare ; ) and combined in the same syllable after any other Vowell , it hath the same force in pronunciation with I , or in the end of a word with Ie , which is all one in effect , and therefore frivolous to put them as different Dipthongs . W hath by custome so farre prevailed , as to claime the title of a Vowell in perswade , because it is to us transferred from the Latin Verb Persuadeo , and so written with a W for difference sake ; but in Proper names , and most other words taken from the Latin , we usually keep U in its owne place , as in Suetonius , which we write Sueton ; Suevia , Sueveland , &c. In words originally English , W , preceding any other Vowell , is improperly said to make a Dipthong , having there onely the force of a Consonant , and not a Vowell ; as in wary , wet , with , work , weary , sweare , swagger , sweet , &c. but may be combined after any of these three Vowels , A , E , or O. But then is it more properly termed a Tripthong then Dipthong , ( as its Character and denomination implies : ) whereupon I thought good to insert it among the Tripthongs , where you may further see the difference between U single , and U double . Notwithstanding , I acknowledge it altogether irregular , and peculiar onely to us and our Competitours , and thereupon hard to be reduced to any certaine rule . Wherefore concerning this , being a thing not much materiall , let every man take his owne opinion , if he can induce better motives . Of the Tripthongs . A Tripthong is when three single Vowels are together comprehended under one accent , or in the same syllable combined , as a Dipthong is when two are so comprehended or combined . These Tripthongs be in number ten , viz. 1 eau as in Beauty , Beaumont . These two Tripthongs we have immediately from the French , and therefore ought not to alter their pronunciation , notwithstanding we usually sound the former with omission of a , as it were onely eu ; the other we generally pronounce like u single , as lu , &c. 2 ieu as in Lieu , adieu , and one ending in w , that is , view . 3 uai as in Quaile , quaint , acquaint . These foure alwaies follow Q , and have their pronunciation entire and proper to themselves . Notwithstanding , I remember no other words in our English Tongue wherein we make use of them , more then those recited and their compounds . 4 uee as in Queen . 5 uea as in Queane , queasie , squeake . 6 uie as in Squieze . 7 uoi as in Quoit , quoife . This Tripthong followes the rules of the foure precedent , onely the pronunciation alters in this , that qu sounds no more but K , or C , after the manner of the Latin word Quod ; as quoit , quasi coit , &c. 8 aw as in Law , bawd daw . These three differ in this from the Dipthongs au , ●● , ou , partly in respect of their use , partly of their pronunciation : Their pronunciation , in that aw hath a more full and broad sound then au ▪ which followes the Latin , from whence we tooke it : neither hath it exactly the sound of either Dipthong or Tripthong , as it were losing w , and retaining a full and broad , as the French pronounce it . 9 ew as in Dew , new , stewes . 10 ow as in Now , know , how . Ew ▪ in these foure words , dew ▪ few , sewer , and Ewe ( or female sheep ) retains the pronunciation of the Latin Dipthong Eu. In all other words it beares onely the force of U single , as new , quasi nu . &c. Ow , in these words , now , how , adverbs ; bow the Verb , Cow , Sow , substantives , and these , browne , towne , clowne , downe , gowne , renowne , vowell , towell , trowell , hath the same pronunciation with Ou the Dipthong . In all other words it alters in a more quick and aspirate sound , as in know , low , trow , Bow the substantive ; bestow , flow , grow , Verbs , &c. What concernes their use , you may here take notice , that when any word is to terminate or end in Au , Eu , or Ou , we write it with U double : in the two first alwayes , in the last generally , except in these two words , thou , you , Pronounes ; and such as have Gh after ; as plough , through , tough , bough , rough , and cough , which sounds quasi coffe , &c. and youth , quasi yuth . The rest you have enough in the Dipthongs . This therefore shall suffice for the Vowels single and combined . Now proceed we to Consonants . Of the Consonants . A Consonant is a letter of it selfe not apt to be pronounced without the helpe of some Vowell ; or , which hath not power in its own nature or being to make a syllable , or any articulate sound ; as the Etymologie of the word it selfe implies : as , Consonans quasi simul sonans . Calepine hath it thus , Consonantes sunt dictae , quia cum Vocalibus sonent , non autem per se . And these be specifically divided into Mutes and Semivowels ; names , who rightly understands , shall need no further definition of them . For a Mute is that which the Latins call Muta , quasi Liter a muta ; and is as significant in our English Tongue , that is , mute or dumb ; because in it selfe it hath no faculty of pronunciation at all , without some pittance of a Vowell . Of these there be in number eight ▪ to wit , B , C , D , G , K , P , Q , T , which in their pronunciation , beginning in themselves , are forced to borrow of the Vowell E to help them out ; as Be , Ce , &c. excepting onely K , which ends in A , and Q in U. A Semi-vowell taketh its denomination , as having in it selfe halfe the power or vigour of a Vowell : and these be likewise eight , viz. F , L , M , N , R , S , X , Z ; all which begin their sound with E , and end in themselves ; ( notwithstanding so many Infantuli produce R , quasi Ar ) where you may observe the difference betweene a Mute and a Semi-vowell , in that the former begins its pronunciation ( à quo ) in it selfe , and terminates in a Vowell ( ad quem ; ) the latter begins with a Vowell , and ends in it selfe , and thereupon is said to be endued in its nature or essence with a further faculty . Though F ( I know ) is strongly among the Latin Grammarians disputed , and by Priscian convinced for a Mute ; yet neither his authority , nor the reasons quoted by his diligent Inquisitour Master Deanes , be of efficacy sufficient ( at least since they hold not good in our English Tongue ) to lett us from ranking him in the forefront of our Semi-vowels , and by that meanes to adde one to the number of the Latin : wherein let Scaliger speake , and end the controversie . The discission of them into Liquids , &c. is too nice a distinction for us to deale with . For if from the coasts of Italy any seed thereof was transplanted into our English Tongue , it was onely to grow in some Ladies mouth . H and W are irregular , and have their particular powers ; which shall be further exemplified in their places . The force of these Consonants will appeare in the Syllables mixt : Their denominations you have in the Alphabet ; onely here we have thought good to introduce a word or two concerning these foure , viz. H , W , X , Z. H ( which Scaliger , Alvarus , and most Latin Grammarians call Ha ) we for the most part , as well in what concernes our owne Tongue , as the Latin , pronounce it as a single letter , like Ach , or Hach , taken after the Spanish pronunciation ; who indeed come neerest us of any Nation in Europe , concerning the use and pronunciation of this Letter : but to the French it is very difficult to produce , especially as we doe . The Latins onely give it the Character , but not the force of a Letter , and from the Greekes ( who onely make it a note of aspiration , excluding it their Alphabet ) produce sufficient reasons for it . But we cannot doe so ; for without it our Tongue is altogether imperfect : Whereupon with us it hath the prerogative of being ranked and esteemed as a Letter . For the use , it is often proposed for difference sake ( as hath beene well observed in the Latin ) for instance these two , All , and Hall , &c. It may precede or be set before any of the Vowels , but no Consonant , except N in John ( which is meerely a contraction of the Latin word Johannes ) or where it is inserted in the middle betweene two Consonants , as in Christ , &c. But is apt to succeed in the same syllable any of these six Consonants , C , P , T , R , S , G , as in Charity , Philip , Theorie , Rhetorique , Shame , Ghost . The placing it after the first three we learned of the Greeks , notwithstanding ( especially after T ) wee use it in many words meerely English . After R , of the Hebrewes and Arabians , as in Gomorrha , Rhasis . After S and G we have chiefly peculiar to our selves . W and Z differ from the other Consonants , in that they require more then one element or syllable in their denominations , or pronunciation as single letters . The one we derive from the Greeke Letter Zeta , whose force it retaines : the other few Nations besides our owne are acquainted with , especially to make the use we doe of it . Further , X and Z are said to be a combination of two Consonants , and therefore are not termed single , but double Consonants , as implying the force of two : For example , we call X quasi Ecs , or ( as some would have it ) Ics ; and Z ( which the Latins call Eds ) we term Ezard , or Edsard , and beares the force of Ds ▪ as may be demonstrated in the Comicall oath Zounds , which they call D sounds , &c. To these we may well adde our Consonant W , as composed of two V Consonants contract . And this shall suffice for Consonants in specie . Wherefore we will immediately proceed to treat of Letters as they be parts of a word , or produce syllables ; where the particular force of the Consonants will further appeare . Of Syllables . FRom the conjunction or combination of Letters are generally deduced Syllables , to wit , when one or more Consonants stand united with a Vowell , or Vowels , under one accent , which we call Syllables mixt , that is , composed of Vowell and Consonant . Scaliger therefore hath defined a Syllable , An Element under one accent ; that is , what can be pronounced at once . Priscian hath it more plainely , Comprehensio literarum , &c. A comprehension of Letters , falling under one accent , and produced by one motion of breathing . But this was rejected among some Grammarians , as imperfect , in respect of some Syllables consisting but of one Letter , which are here excluded . Whereupon Master Deanes hath framed this definition of it , A Syllable is a literall or articulate voice of an individuall sound : For every Syllable must fall under one and the same accent . So that Master Coot was not well advised to make able , acre , and the like , to be but one Syllable , as shall be further demonstrated in its proper place . For what appertaines to the derivation of the word Syllable , the Latins call it Syllaba , from the Greeke word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , quod est , Comprehendo : So that Syllaba , in respect of the generality or latitude of the terme , may be taken for any comprehension or connexion in generall ; but according to the strict acception , as it is here taken by Grammarians , you have sufficiently heard the description of it . The division of Syllables . SYllables therefore are generally divided into Monopthongs , Dipthongs , and Tripthongs ; the two latter whereof we have already for our purpose sufficiently discussed . A Monopthong is , when a syllable is composed of one Vowell , whether alone by it self , as in Monograms , or joyned with one or more Consonants , and that either making a whole word , or standing but for a part . Where you may note this difference between the Latin and English Tongues : for the Latin hath alwaies so many Syllables as Vowels or Dipthongs ; which holds not so generally in the English , as shall hereafter be further exemplified . Wherefore our next step shall be to treat of Syllables mixt , as they be integrall parts of a word . Of Syllables mixt . BY Syllables mixt , I understand such as be promiscuously composed of Vowell and Consonant ; to wit , when the whole Syllable is principally guided by the force of one Vowell , whether joyned with one or more Consonants . Whereby I would distinguish them from Dipthongs , Tripthongs , and Monograms , one of the Individuals of a Monopthong , and not exclude E finall , and E in Es plurall , &c. which hath its use , though little force , as will anon appeare . These , confusedly taken in their large sense , be in a manner infinite , by reason of the great variety of words incident to every Tongue or Language : but methodically resolved in a stricter measure , certaine Principles or generall heads ( as we vulgarly term them ) will occurre out of these Syllables , whereon all words , consisting of perfect Syllables , immediately depend , as all Syllables have their immediate dependance on the Letters . These therefore are they , which by due examen of the Letters , we have endevoured to reduce to some certaine method , and put ob oculos ; together with their severall rules or illustrations upon them , no lesse conducing to Orthography then Orthoepie . From the connexion of Vowels and Consonants , proceed these syllables which here follow , with their illustrations . Crab , web , rib , rob , rub . Babe , glebr , bribe globe . Here observe as a generall rule , that E in the end of a word or syllable , thus following a single Consonant , after a Vowell in the same syllable , is never pronounced , but only serves to make the precedent Vowell long ; as in Babe , glebe , bribe , robe . These be chiefly used in Synaeresis , or contractions , as , crab'd for crabbed ; and in Participles of the preter tense , as stab'd , snib'd , rob'd , rub'd . Bs , thus may follow all the Vowels , and is usually written with bbes , as in crabs , or crabbes ; ribs , ribbes , &c. But I approve the succinctest way , especially where it beares the same force . B before t is seldome sounded , as debt , doubt , quasi det , dout . C , is the same with K , and indeed useth in writing to goe alwaies attended with K , or Ke ; as crac we write cracke ; brec , brecke ; roc , rocke ; &c. whether for emphasis , or what reasons I know not , but I wish custome were so confined to Classicall rule , as we might leave this apostemating our Tongue with unnecessary tumours . A Long , E not pronounced , according to the first rule . C in sacrifice sounds Z. Ch , thus combined in the end of a syllable , in all Hebrew and Greeke words sounds K , as in Mastich , Eunuch , &c. but in words meerely English , or what we borrow from the Spaniards , we retain their pronunciation , as in much , &c. Drachme , quasi dram , and oft so written . Ck ( as I said before ) is no more but c or k single ; as ac , ak , or ack in pronunciation are but all one . Notwithstanding we may produce this difference , that in the end of a word , the Vowell being short , ck is written for k. This combination is often used in Participles of the preter tense , and among Poets many times serves as an abbreviation of ked , especially with the interposition of k ; as backt , quasi backed slackt , slack'd , or slacked , &c. but then ought it to be marked with a semi-circle decressant ; where note , that in these three , verdict , victuals , horselicter , ct sounds but t. Had , red hid , rod , mud The same in pronunciation with ad : For a Vowell before any Consonant doubled ( as in this example ) is alwaies s ; hort , and the pronunciation endeth at the first Consonant . But I remember no word wherein d is exacted double in the same syllable , but adde the Verb , comming of addo , to distinguish it from the Latin Preposition ad . And for E in this nature , take here an addition to the first generall rule , That E in the end of any English word is never , or very rarely , pronounced , except in Monosyllables where there is no other Vowell ; as in the the Article , me , be , where it is sometime single , sometime double ; and thee Pronoune , wee , shee , see , where it is alwaies double : or in proper names or words derived of some other Language , as in fesse , conge , which we have from the French ; Penelope , Epitome , &c. which immediately from the Greeke . Lade , mede , or mead , bride , rode the Verb , rude . A long , E not sounded . Here likewise take another generall rule ; for E in Es , in all Substantives plurall , is never sounded , except where one of these Consonants precedes , to wit , c , s , x , z , or g , ( like the Consonant j ; ) or one of these combinations , ch , or sh : nor in the third person singular of Verbs of the Present tense in the Indicative mood , as in moves , knowes , saies , &c. which we pronounce for the most part quasi sez . Pads , beds , rids the Verb , gods , studs . This combination is chiefly used in contractions of Verbs , and that especially among Poets ; as had'st , or haddest ; bid'st , or biddest . F , in the end of a word , especially where the Vowell going before is short , we usuall double in writing , and put E last of all , though needlesse either of both ; as scof , wee write scoffe , &c. A long , e not sounded , as before in safe , wife ; the rest with Dipthongs , as briefe , loafe . Staffe is written with f double , but pronounced single , quasi stafe . Here take notice , that such Substantives as in the singular number end in f , with any of the Vowels aforegoing , in the plurall number they change this t into v ; as life , lives ; wife , wives ; loafe , loaves ; &c. The Vowell is alwaies short afore ft. Bag , beg , big , bog , bug . E after g , in the same Syllable , at the end of any word , makes g to be sounded like j Consonant : Wherefore it is against Orthography to write e in the end of a word after g , where g is to retaine its proper sound . G before h in the end of a syllable is not sounded ; but this combination we seldome use but in the word sighes , where i precedes , and is pronounced quasi sithes , with an aspiration , i long . This is seldome used after any Vowell but i , as in sight , night , might , right , and where g is not at all pronounced . This some have put as a true combination of a Syllable , by reason of these words , benigne , condigne , oppugne , &c. but the same reasons I bring against M. Coot in l and r , shall hold in this . And first , none of these syllables are or ought to be written without e , for then are they defective , and against Orthography . Secondly , any of these Consonants combined with l , n , or r , may begin a Syllable but not end it ; for no Liquid can follow another Consonant in the end of a Syllable ; for then should it be no longer a Liquid , when all the force is drowned in another . Thirdly , e never is or ought to be inserted but for some use : Now because e finall in our Tongue is of so little effect or estimation , any of these Liquids being in the highest nature of a Semi-vowell , may justly claime as much faculty in the producing of a Syllable , whereby ( the one not giving to the other , but as equall competitours ) they make the Syllable imperfect , by reason neither the one nor the other have the full force , and therefore not properly said to be a perfect Vowell : whereupon I grant these kind of Syllables imperfect ( as indeed imperfections incident to our Tongue among some other which onely time and industry can amend ) but yet distinct ; which I prove in that they thus combined , exact more then one motion of respiration or breathing , which is proper to a Syllable , as appeares by the severall essentiall definitions thereof . And for the manner of dividing them in spelling , by the same authority the Latin Grammarians command scripsi to be spelled scri-psi , by the same will I admonish the spelling of any those words occurring in that nature ; for example sake , condigne thus , con-di-gne , so notable ▪ no-ta-ble ; mau-gre , &c. Also the like for plurals of Substantives occurring in this kind , as fi-dles , a-cres , which sounds like akers ; and very many the like , specially produced by l & r These we never use but as Interjections when we mark them with an exclamation point , and that onely after these two Vowels ; as ah ! oh ! . H ( as I said in the single Consonants ) never precedes a Consonant but in Iohn , where it hath no force of a letter . A long , e not sounded , make , leake , strike , broke , Luke . These I discussed sufficiently in C , whither I refer you , not loving reduplications . A short and proper , as in allude ; but when d or t follow , it sounds like our Tripthong aw , or the French a , as in Alderman , malt , &c. any of the other Vowels preceding are alwaies proper and invariable . Male , veale , stile , stole , mule : O , in the Verb stole , short , in the Substantive stole , of stola , long . A before ll , in the word all , ought to be pronounced full and broad , after the manner of the French pronunciation of their a , or our aw Tripthong . As likewise in all the derivatives , or words compounded of all ; as also , altogether , already , &c. and wheresoever all is finall . Where note , that when l is to terminate any word , we usually write it double for the fuller sound sake . O before ll in roll , sounds ou dipthong , quasi roule , aspirate . Scald , feld , fild , fold , guld . A before ld sounds alwaies as in all ; and o like ow , as in old . And i long in divers Monosyllables , &c. vide post , alth . This alwaies followes the Spanish pronunciation , as in belch , and is seldome used with any other Vowell but e , or i , as Welch , filch . This combination we seldome use in words meerly our owne , unlesse in divulge , and that we derive from the Latin Verb divulgo , &c. G sounds j Consonant . Half , pelf , self , wulf , which some write wolfe , indifferent with e or without . This combination is seldome used with o , but in proper names and borrowed words ; and then what seemes to be f , is generally written ph , as in Butolph , &c. Half and calf some pronounce with omission of l , as they were haufe , caufe , ( pronounced like the word fault ) which I approve not , unlesse in the latter to make distinction betweene tibia the calfe of a mans leg , and Bovilla a calfe or a veale . Walke , welkin , milke , folke , bulke . Calme , whelme , film , Colmes ( a proper name ) culme a word obsolete , or out of use . Fal'n , stol'n . Scalp , whelp , culp , a word obsolete . False , else , pulse . This is little used in any of the Vowels . Exalt , belt , milt , bolt , insult . Balthazar , stealth , filth . Th a sharp and brisk aire . Here note that al before d , ( as I said before ) k , l , m , n , p s , and t , sounds as in all ; and in alf , alk , alm , alp , the l , in pronunciation , often omitted , as in calf , walk , calm , scalp , and after au in fault : Which yet is more materiall in their Orthography then Orthoepie ; which is in a manner indifferent , & equall in the ballance of custome . The Vowels , wherewith these combinations be chiefly used , I have expressed in exemplary words : In all other whereto they be combined , these Syllables are alwaies proper ; onely o in olt sounds ow , as in colt quasi cowlt ; and in olm l is omitted , as Colmes , quasi Comes , and so Colman , as Coman . Al'n and ol'm be chiefly used among Poets , and that per Apocopen , and therefore ought to be signed in writing with the badge of an abbreviation , as in fall'n quasi fallen , contract : stol'n , the Preterperfect Participle of the Verb steal , and swol'n or swell'd , which is all one . But this combination I remember not used with any Vowel but a or o , as by the words inserted appeares . I in ild in many Monosyllables is long , as in mild , child , wild , pil'd , til'd , fil'd , stil'd , whil'd , exil'd , beguil'd , reconcil'd , &c. where note that in all contractions in this sort the Vowell aforegoing is usually long . Salve , helve , shelve , delve , silver , involve . E in the end of a word after u , makes v a Consonant , it selfe not sounded : and this is likewise to be observed in many words plurall , as I said before , as also in some Verbs , &c. as salves , selves , involves . Salve some call save , a full and broad . A in the Verb am is short , in Cambrick , Cambridge , long . Cham , Sem , swim , from , crum . A long as before , blame , dreame , crime , tome , fume . O in some pronounced like u , quasi sum ; came and come the Verbs , quasi cam , cum , &c. This is all one with am single , though many times unnecessarily written with m double , as stam , or stamme , hem , or hemme ; him alwayes is single , the rest commendable so too . B after m in the same Syllable is never sounded , as lamb , quasi lam ; kemb ( which some call kome ) quasi keme ; combe quasi co●●e , or measure of corne ; climb quasi clime , i long ; thumb , quasi thum , u short , so dumb , &c. This we seldome use in one Syllable , unlesse in Hymne and its compounds , Greeke words , where n is omitted , and sounds quasi Hym. Lamp , tempt , glimpse , pomp , thump . All Verbs ending in mp have their Preter-participle in t , as damp , dampt , exempt ( which we take immediately from the Supine of the Latine Verb , not having it in English ) &c. S after emp in Tempse is z , p not sounded . Can , hen , pin , son , ( or sonne , which we pronounce quasi sun ) tun , &c. A before n in ancient , anger , ant , and all words where g after n sounds j Consonant , is pronounced full and broad , as in danger , change , strange , &c. in the rest short . This is needlesse double with any of the Vowels in any word except the word Anne ( which the Latines call Anna ) the proper name of a woman , notwithstanding it be usually doubled in sonne and beginne . Bane , beane , seene , shrine , tone , tune . A before n in this combination is alwaies long and full in Monosyllables and Dissyllables , as France , chance , glance , inhance , &c. But in Trissyllables short , as in countenance , utterance , &c. In all the other Vowels this combination is short , as in hence , since , sconce , dunce . Lanch , bench , pinch , bunch : ch proper , except in stinch , which sounds quasi stink . Seldom in any English word thus combined in one syllable Drank , drink , drunk : seldome used with e or o. Hand , lend , wind , pond tunn'd , the Participle of the Verb tun , for tun'd of tune hath u long . I in ind finall is long in all or most words , except in the Preter-participles of Verbs ending in in , contracted per Apocopen ; as pinn'd ( which is written with n double to distinguish it from pin'd , of the Verb pine ) which comes of pin ; skin'd of the Verb skin &c. and in these words , hinder , cinder , and tinder , or rather tunder . Hang , wing , long , sung , g proper . Range , revenge , singe ( or burne ) sponge , which we pronounce spunge : G is in effect j Consonant by reason of e which is not sounded . This combination we seldom use but in length & strength Canst , ken'st , ( a terme known to Mariners ) this is seldome used in other words then the two recited , whose Vowels be short , unlesse in the second person singular present Indicative of Verbs ending in n , and that by way of Apocope , as thou beginn'st , for beginnest , &c. But in lieu hereof we have many Preter-participles ending in d , which beare the same force in pronunciation , as chanc'd , fenc'd , minc'd , &c. Trap , skep , whip , stop , up , sup . Escape , weepe , tripe , trope , scoope , for scupe . The same that ap , therefore needlesse doubled . Trappes , whippes , &c. which would doe better single , but only to please our phantasie in dreaming upon a word . The same that af in pronunciation . For ph look in pha ▪ Snapt , swept , skipt , under-propt , supt . This is used in Preter-participles , which somtimepromiscuously interchange d and t , as sup'd , or supt . This we use onely with i , and that in certain words derived from the Latin , which should properly be only such as end in quus , as oblique , of obliquus , and not such as terminate in cus ; wherefore they doe ill that write Catholick , Rhetorick ; Catholique , Rhetorique , &c. notwithstanding I know it is usuall among many Schollers . But this will be better proved in our ▪ Etymologicall part . Far , Lucifer , sir , for , spur . A long , except in are the Verb , as they are , &c. which sounds only ar short : spare , feare , fire , dore , lure . Starre , deterre , firre , abhorre , curre . Here R beares an Emphasis , and therefore we write it double . Scarce , fierce , force , nurce . C sounds s by reason of e : a in scarce long . March , search , birch , lurch , ch as in much , these excepted , Monarch , Tetrarch , Patriarch , Arch-angell , &c. being such as we derive from the Greeke and Hebrew . Hard , heard , err'd , bird , afford , surr'd . A in ward hath a full sound . Er is the same in pronunciation with ir , as appears . All Preter-participles of Verbs ending in ire , contracted , have i long , as fir'd , mir'd , of the Verbs fire , mire , &c. as also Participials terminating in ired , as admir'd for admired . O long except where r is doubled : wherefore we must write abhorr'd with r double , because abhorre , the Verb , hath it so ; and stor'd with r single , because it is so in store , &c. In like manner u where r is doubled hath a flat or dull sound and short , where the pronunciation of the Syllable sticks chiefly in r , as in demurr'd , which , together with the Verb from whence it is derived , ought to be written with r double , to distinguish it from the adjective demure , where u is long , and hath its proper sound : which likewise generally holds in all Participles and Participialls ending in ut'd contract , where r is single . This is only used in these , garb , hearb , disturb . Skarfe , skurfe : a is full and broad , as in wharf , dwarf , u short . This we use little but in such words as we take from the Saxons , as the names of certaine Townes or Villages , which end in ergh , or urgh , as Whinbergh , Orburgh , now written Whinborrough , Orborrough . The like use we make in some derived from the Dutch , as in Hamburgh , &c. Large , searge , forge , urge : G sounds j Consonant , because of e succeeding . Which , for this reason , we ought not in writing to omit , where it serves for a difference in pronunciation . A in this combination is short , o long . Darke , yerke , forke , Turk , lurk . E finall here makes no difference , and therefore indifferently inserted . Snarle , Earle , girle , Sporle , the name of a Village ; curle , or crispe . A hath a full sound , o long . Harme , terme , firme , storme , murmur : a in warme , swarme , full and broad , o in worme sounds n. Warne , herne , hirne , ( or corner ) which is rather hurne , horne , burne . A in warne full , in the rest more acute , as in barne . All the other Vowels short . Sharp , chirp , Thorp . A like aw in warp , the rest as in carp Sparse ( of sparsum the supin , to sprinkle ) insperse , hearse , worse , indorse , purse . S proper in all : the Vowels short : o in worse quasi u , u in purse full . Barres , erres , stirres , abhorres , burres . Here r ought to be doubled for the same reason as in arre , e not sounded for reasons prescribed . The Vowels short ; a sharp in all but warres , where it is somewhat broader . Marsh , or marish ( of the Latin word mare ) indeed moorish , as it may truly be called : a sharp . In any other we little use it . Smart , pert , or saucy , dirt , fort , hurt . A in quart , wart , swart , thwart , sounds aw ; in the rest as in the word art : e in pert like ea , or the Latin e ; o in fort , sport , long ; in the rest short : u flat as in ur . Startch . But in this and all the rest , if there be any , t is needlesse , since rch is as much in pronunciation as artch , except the exceptions mentioned before . Wrath , wreath , tith , broath , both , Ruth , sitteth . Th in hath , wrath , lath , bath , swath , substantives , hath a brisk and its proper sound , in the rest after a flat & more dull , as in seath , swath , tath , bath , Verbs , &c. where a is long . After e it is alwaies proper , and most usually happens in third persons singular of the Indicative mood , as in moveth , biteth , &c. after ea ▪ in death , breath , the substantive , bleath , heath , proper : in wreath , sheath , bequeath , breath the Verb , flat : after i in with , stith , smith , proper ; in tith , blith , sith , dull and flat , i long : after o and u for the most part proper , and hath ever u long , and o onely in both . In a word , h after t in generall produceth a kind of lisping sound as we call it . Narth , earth , mirth , forth , worth , which we sound quasi wurth . Forth the proper name we call Ford , o long : in the other forth , indifferent . Swarve , serve , nerve , which we sound nirbe : i , o , and u , in this combination I remember not . A full . This we make no use of in our Tongue , but in lieu thereof ks , as in larks , &c. Was , is , us ▪ S when it is single , after a and i , sounds z , as in these Monosyllables , as , was , is , his , and in Osee , Elisabeth , gosting ( to distinguish it from Gosting the proper name ) husband , these , those , in ise or ose final , or wheresoever s concludes as the last syllable of any word ; & in these verbs , muse , use , refuse . Wherefore in words wherein it claims its proper pronunciation we write it with ss , somtime with e , sometime without ; as in pass , or passe , which is most usuall in printing . Purchase , please , advertise , expose , vse : s , as before , by reason ce after any of the Vowels usurps the sound that properly belongs to s . Wherefore we must write face , and not fase ; disgrace , and not disgrase ; peace , and not pease , which is a kind of corne ; vice , not vise ; and advice when a substantive , advise when a verb ; truce , not truse , &c. only cease holds its own , the better to distinguish it from the verb seize , which signifies to set upon . Muse and use substantives have s proper , to distinguish them from their verbs . As also chase the verb , to drive away : the substantive Chace , or Forrest , is written with c. Chas'd , eas'd , advis'd , repos'd , confus'd : these be all Preter-participles contracted per Apocopen : the s as before . Passe presse , pisse , mosse , trusse . S is proper , and hath an acute sound . The pronunciation ceaseth in the first s , but ought to be written double , as you see for the reason exhibited in as . Trash , flesh , fish , bush . H after S in the end of a syllable , participates a Sibilus ( as the Latines call it ) or a kinde of hissing sound : A in wash full , in the rest all the vowels usually short . O in this combination is seldome used , unlesse in proper names . Mask , desk , frisk ( or skip ) busk , mosch , which we call musk . E finall makes here no difference , the vowels short , S acute , K proper . Though we use this combination in spasme , which comes of the Greeke word {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , Dunesme , Baptisme , Chrysme ; to wit Greek words , and proper names , yet is it improperly taken as a single syllable . The reasons you have heard already in agn . Wherefore they may be said to do well , who , making but two syllables of Baptisme , pronounce it with omission of s , quasi Baptim . And thereupon ( I believe it came ) that some call Chrisme , Cream . Their division in spelling ought not to be betweene s , and m , but i , and s : as , Bap-ti-sme , Chry-sme , Spa-sme ; and not Baptis-me ; where e hath the full force of a vowell . For then should there be in Baptisme , three perfect syllables distinct , which is not . For , ( as I partly said before ) when e finall followes any of the Liquids after another Consonant in the same syllable , the syllable thus combined is imperfect in its pronunciation , by reason it consists not of a perfect vowell . Clasp , hesp , crisp , s proper , the vowels short . Hast , beast , best , whist boast , Ghost , must : O long ; a indifferent ; the rest short ; s proper : onely in Christ , i is long . Cat , net , knit , knot , gut . The vowels short . Delicate , seate , write , wrote , sute , or dependance in Law ; for suit , or garment , is written suite , the like difference is betweene Brute , and bruit , or beast . The vowels long , because of E finall . Mates , meetes , mites , motes , mutes . E in es not sounded : the precedent vowels long . This is chiefly in Substantives plurall , and third Persons singular of Verbs , as I have often insisted upon . Match , stretch pitch , botch , butcher ; Custome hath prevailed in our Tongue , to insert T in many words before ch , though the sound be in a manner all one ; but if there be any reason , it is for a kinde of Emphasis , or to put a little force to the syllable . But which ( the pronoune ) rich , stich ( or paine of the side , ) all proper names ending in ich , much , such , &c. be never written with T , most of the other are ch proper , the vowels short . Sprats , frets , pits , pots , puts . The vowels short , the rest proper , used in Verbs singular , Substantives plurall . Wave , leave , wive , ( the Verb ) grove , u there is none , A alwayes long . Ea in lieu of E , I in give , live , sive ( or teme ) and all praeterperfect tenses of Verbs ending in ive , as rive of rive , strive or strove of strive , is ever short ; in the rest long , as in thrive . O in Love , move , and glove , sounds V. Where note , that E after V in the same syllable alwayes makes V a consonant . And therefore concerning Orthography in writing , it must not at any rate be left out , where it ought to be inserted , that is , where V degenerates into a Consonant . For otherwise U , standing still in the nature of a Vowell , makes a Dipthong , where there should be none , and so alters both sense and pronunciation . Saves , gives , groves , gloves . E not sounded . V a Consonont , the precedent vowels long , except the exceptions in ave . Wax , sex , six , box . V in this combination none . Here ought the writer to be very carefull , in that he writes not ax for acks , &c. and è contra . Wherefore he may know by the way , that we in our English Tongue make little use of this combination , unlesse in these words , flax , tax , wax ( both verb and substantive ) relax of relaxo ; sex , context , annext , index ; six , mix , fix , pix , Rix , Hix ; box , intoxicate , Pox , which are always written with X ; and perhaps some few more , which I remember not now : besides borrowed words , and proper names , which no man can reduce to rule . Amaze , gaze , blaze ; frieze , snieze ; size , assizes ; gloze ( which is better with S ) toze , ( a Verb among some vulgars ) buz , buzard . A long , E none single , but in Dipthong . I long , O long , V short . This is seldome used at the end of a syllable in any other words of our owne . And thus much of syllables , where Vowels precede : Now will we examine what principall syllables occurre , where Consonants go before ( à parte assumentis ) and Vowels follow ( à parte assumpti . ) Of the Combination of Syllables ( where Consonants precede ) and what Consonants such combinations may assume . B BEfore A may assume almost any of the other Consonants , as appeares by these words recited , viz. bab , back , bad , baf●●e , bag , bake , ball , Bambridge , bane , Baptist , bar , bastard , bat . With E these , beck , bed , beg , bell , been , Am-ber , best , better . With I , bib , bid , big , bill , Cherubim , or bin , bird , bit . With O , bob , bod-kin , bog , booke , boll , bone , borrow , boast , bottle , box . With u , as in bubble , buck , bud , buffe , buggery , bull , bum , bun , burre , bustard , but , buzard . This some would have a Combination in Cambden , but however b is not sounded : neither truly can it stand for a Combination in the English Tongue , though in Latine and Greek it is usuall . Blabber , black , bladder , blame , blast . Bled , blcake , blemish , blend , blesse . For ble finall expect further in rules of Orthographie , and Orthoepie . Oblige , blinde , oblique , blisse . Block , blossome , blot . Blubber , bloud , bluffe , blunt , blurt , bluster , blutter Brabble , brad , brag , brake , brackish , brall , Brame , bramble , brawne , brat , brawle . Breck , bred , bread , brest , brew . Bribe , brick , bride , bridge , Brill , brim , brinke . Brock , broad , broke , brooke , broome , brow . Bruckle ( a word the Peasant Shepheards know well ) bruise . Ca sounds like ka , as in Cag , cake , call , came , can , cap , car , cast , cat . C before e , or i , sounds alwaies s , as in faced , cell , center , certaine , in-cest . Like Si , as in homicide , cinder , cisterne , citterne . C before a , o , or u , sounds alwaies k , as in Cob , cod , coffin , cog , cockle , cole , colt , come , conny , cop , cord , costiue , cotten . As in cub , cud , cuffe , cull , cummin , cunning , cup , curre , custome , cut . Ch in Cha , and Chra , in all Hebrew words ( except Rachael , and Cherubin , which custome hath exempted ) and in such words as we take immediately from the Greeke , sounds as it were k , sc. Cha , quasi ka , Chra quasi kra , or cra , as in these words , Alchymie , Anchorite , Alchymist , Chaos , Character , Catechisme , Chyliact , Chymera , choler , Chyle , chyromancy , cichory , Eccho , Enchiridion , mechanicall , machination , melancholy , Nicholas , Cham , Sepulcher . In other words not taken from hence , ch is pronounced after the Spaniards , or our much , as in Chad , chaffe , chalk , chant , chap , charge , chast , chat , chaw , chalder . Check , chequer , cherry , chest , eschew . Chicken , chid , child , chill , chip , chit . Choake , chop . Chub , chuffe , chun , churne . Chr must of necessity hold its pronunciation of k , because h beares no force in it . Nor doe we make any use of it , but in words taken from the Greeke or Hebrew , and that onely with i , o , or y , as in Chrismatory , Chrisme , Christ , Christian , Christopher , Chronicle , Chronography , Chronology , Chrysocola , Chrysostome . Hath crab , crack , Craddock , crafty , craggy , crake , crall , or craule , cram , crane , craze . Massa-cred , crept crest , crew . Crime , crip-ple , Nypo-crite . Croake , crome , crone , croope , crow . Crud , crust , and whatsoever are contracted before d , as accru'd , quasi crude . Clab , clad , clam , clanke , clap , clasp , claw . All the participles of the pretertense derived of substantives ending in icle , as manicled , but look further in Rules of Orthoepie for cle finall , &c. Cleft , clew . Clicket , clift , climb , in-cline , clip , clyster , Paraclite , or Paraclete . Clock , clodder , cloake , close , clow . Club , cluster , clutter . Amina-dab , daggle , dally , dam , damne , Dan , dapple , dart , dastard , date . Debt , cit-ta-del , den , deep , desk , dew . Did , die , dig , dill , dim , din , dip , distich . Dock , dog , con-dole , con-done ( of condono ) dop , dost , dote , dow . Doile , or Doily . Double , dub , duck , Dudley , dug , dull , dumb , dun , durt , dust , conduit . Drab , draft , drag , drake , dram , draw . Dread , Mildred , dregs , chil-dren , dresse , drew . Drib , drift , drill , drink , drip . Drop , drosse , drowsie . Drugs , drum , drunk . Dwarfe , dwell . Factour , fade , fag-got , fall , Fambridge , fan , far , fast , fat , faith . Fed , fell , fen , Luci-fer , fes-tee , fetter , few . Fiction , fiddle , fife , fig , fill , fim-ble , fin , fire , fist , fit , five . Fod-der , fog-gy , folke , foame , fond , fop , for , foster , foot , fox . Fud-dle , fumble , full , fun-dament , furre , fusty , fuy . Flaër , flag , flake , flaile , flam ; flannell , flap , flash , flat , flaw , flax . Fleece , fled , fleg , fleck , flesh , flet , flew , for fle in rifle , and where it ends any word , look in E finall . Flick , ( or flitch of Bacon ) flig , flight , flit , flix . Flock float , flow , floud . Flute fluster , flux . Fraile , frame , fray . Freckle , Frederick , freake , friend , fret , freeze , French . Fri , fry'd , frig , frise , fritter . Frock , frog , from , front , frost , frow , froze . Fruc-tifie , fruit , frump , frowne . Gad , gaf , gag ; gall , gam , gan , gap , gar , gast , gat . Gob , God , gof , goll , gom , gone , gor , gos , got , gowne . Gug-gle , gull , gum , gun , Au-gur , gust , gut . G in ga , go , gu , is alwaies proper , as in the pronunciation of the words instanced appeares . But in ge , and gi , many times degenerates to j consonant , as in gentle , ginger : A perfect distinction whereof will be hard to reduce to any classicall method , but some instances , or slight instructions , you shall have after the examen of their coherence with the other consonants . Han-ged , estran-ged , gelly , geld , gem , gentry , sin-ger , dan-ger , ran-gest , sin-gest , get , gew-gaw , George . Whereby you may see Ge before these foure consonants , d , l , r , s , hath a different or various sound . Before m , n , and the dipthong Eo , it alwayes sounds j consonant : before t and w , g alwayes proper : Before s likewise , where it produces a distinct syllable , g in ge , sounds j consonant in all words , except the second persons of such verbs as terminate in g proper , as ring , ringest : wherefore the two words guesse , and Ghest , or guest , ought truly to be written with ue dipthong , like guerdon , which is expressed in the Table of Dipthongs . Before d also the difference may in the like nature be resolved , being most participles of the praeter-tense ; for those that are derived of such Verbs , as have their termination in g proper , retaine in ged the force of g. But such as be derived from those Verbs , that must have e finall after g , seeming to terminate in j consonant , do in their participles exact the same pronunciation , as may be seen in these words , range , ranged , string , stringed . Before L , I remember it onely in the two words recited , whereof gelly sounds , quasi jelly , and is usually written so ; and geld retaines the force of g proper , from hence be many derivatives which keepe the same pronunciation . Before R , in Anger , begger , bugger , conger , finger , linger , hunger , meager , ager , monger , stagger , swagger ; and in substantives derived of Verbs terminating in g proper , as ringer of ring , &c. g retaines its owne force in pronunciation . In all the rest it sounds j consonant , and in danger , manger , &c. Giblet , Gibson ( a proper name ; ) giddy , Gifford ( a proper name variously sounded , or rather two names written alike ; whereof one sounds quasi Jifford , the other g proper ; ) gig , gill ( of a fish ; ) gill of wine , quasi jill ; gim , gimblet , ginny , ginger , giplie , girdle , give , gives of give the Verb , were g is proper : but gives , or Pendants , sound quasi jives . G in gi , where it precedes d , g , r , and v consonant in give , and such words as be from thence derived , is alwayes proper ; as also in Gibson , Gifford ( one of the two names so written ) Gilford , gill of a fish , Gilman , and severall proper names of this sort ; gimblet , begin , beginning , altogither , Ginny ( as it hath relation to the countrey ) gild , gilt , or laid with gold , hath its pronunciation proper . Participles of the present tense ending in ging , have the same rule to distinguish their pronunciation , that they of the preter tense have ( which you heard already ) as in begging , of beg , and ranging , of range , may easily be seen . In the rest Gi sounds quasi ji ; But take this animadversion by way of Orthographie , that when you are to set downe in writing any word ( whereat you may chance to doubt ) for which on the sudden , you can produce neither Rule , nor Orthodoxe example ; it is farre more commendable to attribute to each letter its peculiar and native faculty or force , than any wise to innovate ; or to be either the beginner or seconder of a bad custome : as some ignorant persons , that only respect the denominations of the letters , and not their severall force : whereupon diverse of them write g before all the vowels for j consonant ; which is altogether absurd , and this comes for want either of due instruction , or of care . Wherefore it is necessary for all that desire to be Orthographists , or able to write English right ( which likewise holds good in any tongue or language whatsoever ) to know perfectly and readily the particular force of every letter , or what every letter severally or joyntly implies . This we seldome use in the beginning of a syllable , but in the word Ghost , and certaine proper names , as Ingheenram , &c. But when they happen together , they are to be taken as a combination , for which reason I inserted them . Through all the vowels ( if used in all ) Gh thus beginning a syllable sounds g proper , a little aspirated by reason of the h. Some would have Ghest and Ghess thus written ; but ( as I said before ) they be farre better guest , and guess . Glad , Glam-field , glan-der , glare , glasse , glaze . Glib , glid , glie , glim , glister , glitter . Mingled , glee , gleeke , gleame , gleane . For this combination when it is finall , you have more in L and R in the end of a word , in their peculiar rules . G before L in glory , is produced quasi DL . Globe , glor , glose , glow , glu , glusk , glum , gluc . Gnat , gnaw , gne , A-gnes , gnit , gno , gnu . G in this combination inclines to the force of N. Grace , de-grade , graft , graine , grap-ple , grasse , grase , gray . Gre , Greece , griefe , Greeke , mon-grell , di-grest , grey-hound , grew , maugre , &c. Ambergrice , or Greece rather , gridyron , grig , grim , grin , gripe , grist , grit . Grog-gerin , grope , grosse , groat , grow . Grub , grunt , grup . Gualter , guard , guerdon , guest , &c. These you have in the Dipthongs . Hab-berdasher , hacney , or hackney , had , haft , hag , hah ( an aspiration of ha , which is used when one is spoken to by another familiar friend ) hake , hall , ham , Hanna , hap , hare , hart , hast , hat , have , haw-thorne , hay . Shed , theft , hell , hem , hen , her , Hester ( quasi Ester , E long ) Hesset , hew . Hi , hide , hill , him , hin-der , hip , hire , his , hisse , hit , hive , Hix . Hobble , Hofmā , hog , hold , hop , hord , host , hot , how . Hub , huckle , hud-dle , hue , huf , hug , hukster , Hull , humble , hundred , hurry , Hus. J is a Consonant : and here you may againe take notice that J in the beginning of a syllable preceding anothervowell , alwayes degenerates into a Consonant . Iackson , Iacket , iade , iag , iakes , iam , ianisary , Iaques , iar , iay . Ieffry , ielly , iest , iet , Iew , Ii , jill , Iermin , Iinny , Iinkerson . Iob , iocky , iod ( the Hebrew letter ) iog , ioll of a Sammon ; iostle , Iordan , iot , ioy , Iohn . Iubs , iuice , Iud , iudge , iug , iusk , ium , iust . And generally whensoever you have the denomination of g before a , n , or u , what seemes to be written with g , must be expressed by j Consonant , and never by G , which hath another force , as I have instanced before . Before E , or I , I remember no more but those I have here inserted , that be written with j Consonant , the rest with G , as I said before in G. Katherine , Kalender , we use K before A in no other words ( unlesse perchance in some proper name ) but C alwayes : In these two alwaies K. Keble , wicked , keg , kek , kell , kemb ( or comb , as we call it ) ken , kept , wicker , mil-kest , Ket , Kew , key . Kibe , kick , kid , skif , kill , kim , kin , skip , kisse , kit . We note , alwaies write K for C when it is to go before E , or I , and not otherwise : for then C loseth its owne force , and sounds like S , &c. These two we make no use to begin a syllable , but onely when it is joyned with C , that C ended the last syllable , as in cuckold , cuckow , &c. But we never begin a word with either of them . Knap , knave . Kne , knell , knew . Knife , knic , knip , knit . Kno , knock , knob , knod , knog , knol , knop , knot , know , Knox . Knub , knuckle . Pronounce kn , as the Latines doe their Cn , a little in the nose , or upper palat . Slab , lack , lad , lag , lake , Lale , lamb , land , lap , lard , lasse , lat-ter , lave ( or wash ) law , lay , lax , lazie . Led , left , leg , leke , lem-mon , lend , leape , lesse , let . Glib , lick , lid , life , lige , like , lilly , limb , Lin , lip , oblique , lire , list , litter , live . Lobster , lock , loafe , log , lol , London , lop , lord , lost , lot , love , low , loy . Lubber , luck , Luck , lug , luke , lull , lump , Lun , lurk , lust . Mab ( in Spencer ) mackrell , mad , mag-nifie , make , male , malt , malmesey ( which we call mamsie ) man , map , mar , mast , mat , maw , may , maze . Meed ( a word out of use ) ar-med , meek , melt , men , met , mew . Mickle ( a word likewise obsolete ) midriffe , mill , might , mine , mire , misse , mice , mise , mite , mix . Mock , mood , moll , moone , mope ( a vulgar word ) mor-tifie , most , mow . Muck , mud , mue , muffe , mug-well , mummy , mundifie , murder , must , mute . This is no true combination in our Tongue ; though I have condescended to follow their example , that unnecessarily have inserted it , in respect of Mnemosyne , which we some use , as she were our owne . And perhaps some one or two more , which we had immediately from the Greekes , as chiefe Lords of the Fine . Nag , nam ( an usuall termination of the names of many townes which we had of the Saxons ) nap , nard , nasty , nat , nay . Neb , neck , ned , nell , nep , nest , net , new , neigh . Nib Nicholas , nig , nigh , nill , nip , nit , nive . Nock , nod , nog , nol , none , nor , nose , not , now , annoy . Nul-lifie , nun numb , nurce , nut , newes . Pack , pad , pag , pale , pommont , pan , pap , part , past ( where note , that past signifying a time gone , hath A , short , past the substantive for dow , A , long ) pat , paw , pave , pay . Peck , ped , pelfe , peake , Pembroke , pen , iumper , pesse , pet , peeve . Pib-ble , pick , pi'd ( i long ) pig , pike , pill , pimp , pin , pip , pirt , pisse , pit , Pix . Pod , poke , poll , pond , pop porke , posterne , pot , pox . Pud-dle , puffe , pug , puke , pull , pum-mell , puppy , pus , put . Ph is the same with the Greek φ , which we borrowed of them , and now make our owne ; but only in such words as came to us along with it . It sounds alwayes like our F , as in Phalange , Philip , Phillis , philter , Phleagme , Phlegeton , Phlegmatick , Phantasie , Philosophie , phantasma , phrenetick , Phrenzy , Phae ▪ ton , Phares , blasphemie , Polyphemus , Pheasant , Elephant , Orphan , Dolphin , trophie , Prophet , prophesie , triumph , Epitaph , &c. Which be all Greek words , and written as you see . Phrases ( a proper name ) and phrases ( or sentences ) Metaphrastes , Phrygia . Ph sounded as before . Place , plague , plane , plaine , plaster , or plaister , platter , plaw , play . Plea , plead , plenish , please , complete . Ply'd ( y or i long ) re-ply , plight . Im-plore , plot , plow , plower , im-ploy . Plug , plum , plump , plush . Prague ( a city in Poland ) prall , prank , prat , prave , pray . Distem-p'red ( which is rather distemper'd , and therefore not well put in ) prey , presse , pretty . Price , pride , prick , lam-prill , Prur-rose , prise , deprive . Prog , prone , prop , prore , prostitute , prove , prow . Spruce , prune ( both Verb and Substantive , for a kinde of fruit . ) This we have of the Greeke Psa , and use it as a combination onely in words derived from the Greeke , as in Psalme , Psalter . In the beginning of a word , as in Pseudo Prophet , P hath little sound before S , but in the middle is pronounced full , as if they parted : For as the Latines say scri-psi , so we say dro-psy , of Hydrops ; gipsy , rapsody , &c. Squabble , squad , quaffe , quag-mire , quake , qualme ( quasi quawme ) quaile , quan , Quarles , quash . Quest , quell , questor . Qui , quibble , quick , Quid-nam ( the name of a village ) quoth , quotient . Quod-nam ( the name of another village ) quoth , quotient . Q before uo sounds k , u not pronounced , as quoth , quasi koth , &c. as is said before in the Dipthongs . The rest proper . Rab-ble , rack , rad , rafter , rag , rake , rall , ram , ran , rap , rase ( quasi raze ) race , rat , raw , ray . Reck-lesse , red , be-reft , reek , rell , rem-nant , render , Reps ( a proper name ) rest , ret , rew . Rib , rice , rid , riffe , rig , Richard , rill , rim , rinse , rip , rist , Rix , rise , Rigsy , Ridge-by , Ridge-ly . Rob , rock , rod , rogue , roake , roile , roll , rom , rost , rose , rot , row , Rox-borrough , roy-all . Rub , ruck , rud-der , rue , ruff , rug , rul-ly , rumble , run , rup-ture , rusty , rut . Rhasis , Gomor-rha , Rhetorick , Rhotorician . This ( as I said before in the single consonants ) we learned to combine from the Hebrewes , Syrians , and Arabians . H is of no force in pronunciation . The Latine Grammarians admit not this combination , notwithstanding they have Rhetor , Rhasis , &c. as well as we . Sacke , sad , safe , sage , sake , saie , sale , sally , same , Sampson , sand , sap , sart , sate , saw , say , Sax. Sedge ( or a kinde of reed ) siege , seeke , sell , send , set , sewer , sex . Sid , sick , Sidney , sift , Priscilla , Sim : sin , sip , Sir , sister , sit , sive ( i short ) six , size . Se , and Si we seldome read in the beginning of words , other than those recited , and some few more . But in lieu thereof we take Ce and Ci , as in Cell ( or private roome ) Cisterne &c. S in Se finall sounds z , so doth it in sie , sy , sey , at the end of a word , as in Tansey , Quinsey , Kersey , which sound all but zi , &c. except it followes one of these three Consonants , P , S , or T , as in dropsie , massie , Chatsey , as also L in Chelsey , &c. Sob , socke , sod , soft , sog , soke , solemne , some ( the Pronoune ) Sonne ( which we pronounce Sun ) sop , sorry , sosse , sot , sow , south . Sub-till ( where B sounds T ) suck , sud , sue , Suffolke , sully , sum ( the Substantive for a quantity of money , &c. ) Scab , scaffold , scaine ( which some write skeine ) scald , Scammony , scan , scape , scarce , scay ( of little use . Scepter , transcend , and whatsoever we derive from the Latine Verb scando , as ascend , descend , &c. Priscilla , Priscian , &c. what shall occurre from that ( whence we take this combination ) or any other tongue . Sce , and Sci , sound alwaies quasi Se , and Si , or Ce Ci : but sca , sco , scu , quasi ska , sko , sku ; Which are altogether in lieu thereof . Scoffe , Scog-gin , scope , score , scot , scould , scold , scoure . Scud , scuffle , scull , scum , scup-pit , scoope . This combination before A , O , and V , is unnecessarily inserted , by reason we make very little use thereof , as I said in Sca , notwithstanding I grant they may be used , aswell as sca , sco , scu , because they imply the same force . But the best of our Orthographists in that kinde use onely C , I presume for this reason , in respect the Latin admits no K , in it selfe , and it is our glory to come as nigh the Latin as we can . But before E , and I , in that nature , Sk is alwayes used , and Sc , which before either of those vowels , imply no more but S ( as I said before ) after the manner of the Latin . Masked , Shelton , skeure , musket . Skip , skiffe , skill , skim , skin , skip , skit , skirt . This combination we had from the Greeks ; though now it be our owne , we make little use of it . In A , O , or V , Ch sounds K , as in Schole ( the name of a village ) Schoole or place of learning . But in E and I , C is omitted in pronunciation , as appeares in schedule ; schisme , which onely quasi sisme , as we generally pronounce it . Scrabble , scrag , scramble , scrall , the Verbe , scrap , scratch , scrawle , or bill in writing . Screake , screek , screw . Descrie , scribbe , scrip , scro , scrot ; scrue , scrub , Scroop . Shackle , shade , shad-dow , shaft , shag , shake , shall , shamway , shame , shape , share , shave . Shed , shee , shell , shew , Shelfanger , the name of a towne . Shib-ley , shift , shill , shim , shine , ship , Shirley , shit , Shipdham , the name of a towne . Shock , shod ( for shoo'd ) shooke , shole , shone ( the preterperfect tense of shine ) shop , short , shot , show , shovell . Shublie , shucke , shud , shug , shuffle , shun , shut . S in the beginning of any word is alwayes proper . Shre , shrew , shri , shrift , shrib ( a word of no use ) shro , Shropham ( the name of a village ) shrowd , shrow , which is better written shrew : shru , shrub , shrump . This combination is proper , though not much used ( as you see ) by reason of the abundance of consonants , which the Latines especially abhorre . Slab , slacke , slad , slake , slam , slander , slap , slat . Misled ( or mizled , of misle , or mizle ) for that which comes of the compound Verb mis-lead , is misled . Sleeke , slender , sleep , slept , slew . Slick , slid , slift , slig , ( a word out of use ) slime , slip , slit , slive . Slod , slop , slow . Slub-ber , slug-gard , slut . Smack , small , smart . Smell , smelt . Smile , smit , smite . Smock , smote , smot . Smug , Smutter . Sme in the end of a word hath its peculiar pronunciation , which you shall see hereafter , when we treat of the Liquids severally . Snack , snaffle , snake , snaile , Snape , snap , snarle , snast . Sneake , snellin , snew , the preterperfect tense of the Verb snow . Snib , snick , snip , snirle ( which some write snurle ) snieze . Snorle , snore , snot , snow , snort . Snuck , snuffe . Spake , spall , span , spare , spar , spat , spaw . Speck , sped , spell , spend , spert . Spice , spig-got , spike , spill , spindle , spit . Spoke ( or spake , the preterperfect tense of the Verb speake ) O short : and spoke of a Cart-wheele , where O is long : spot , sport , sporle , O long : spouse . Spud , spue , the Verb , to vomit : spun , spurne . Squabble , squad , squall , squat , squeake . Squib , squit-ter . This combination is made little use of , but in words more barbarous . S proper , q sounds k , u , w. Stab , stack , staffe ( quasi stafe , A long ) stag , stake , stall , stam , stand , starre , start , stave the Verb. Steady , Sebbin , wor-sted , Stegwell , stealth , stem of systema , and steame or vapour , stip , Stephen , stew the Verb , stew'd , stewes . Stick , stiffe , stile , stiut , stip , stir , Styx for Hell among the Poets . Stock , Stoke , stole , stolne , stop , stow . Stub , stuck , stud , stuffe , Stuke , stunt , sturdy , stutter , stug ( a vulgar word . ) Strake , Strand , straw , stray . Ministred , streake , Strelly , stretch , strew , the preterperfect tense of strow . Strick , strike , strife , strive , strip . Strock , stroke , strooke , strop , strove of strive , strow , de-stroy . Struck , struggle , stumpet , strut . Swab , swack ( an obsolete word ) swaddle , perswade , swagger , swallow , swam of swim , swamp , swan , swap , swart , sware , swasher , sweat , sweat ( quasi swet , the preterperfect tense of sweat ) swarve , sway . Swell , swept , an-swer . Swib-ble ( a barbarous word ) switch , swill , swim , swine , swipe , swilke , Switzer , which we call Swisser . Swore ( for sware ) of the Verbe sweare , sword , swound . In swound W is scarcely pronounced at all , and but moderately in sword , and swore . Swulke , swut , which is better both written and pronounced Soot . Tabby ( the name of a stuffe ) tackling , taffeta , tag , take , tall , tale , tame , tammy , tan , tap , tarre , tar-tar , tast , tatter , tax . Hoisted , teeke , tell , tele ( a kind of wild-fowle ) temz or temse , tend , minister , tetter , teat , tew . Tib , tickle , tide , tie , tiffle , tig , tike , till , tile , time , timorous , tin , tine of a forke , tip , an-tique , tire , en-tice , adver-tise , 't is ( per Aphaeresin , for it is , contraction inter Poetas usitatissima ) which hee that reads Poets must needs be acquainted with , I short , in 't is , S quasi Z. Phthisick of Phthisis , a disease which the Greeks call {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} {non-Roman} , the Latines Phthisis , or affactus marasmodes , and marasmus , we by the generall terme of Consumption , as indeed it is Consumptio totius , &c. Ptisand , or Ptizon : I set these words here as they occurre , having no fitter place , in regard of the generall pronunciation of them . They be both Greeke words ; neither indeed have we any such combination as either of them , in our owne tongue , for Ptolomie is a proper name and Greeke word too . The first we vulgarly pronounce quasi Tisick , the second Tisand , the third Tolomie , for to P before T we scarcely give any sound at all , when it happens thus , as you see very rarely ; which made , I might not altogether omit them . But now to returne to Ti , from whence we are digressed . Artist , abortive , ty or tie , the Verb. To , the word being a signe of the Dative case , &c. toe of a mans foot , the one alwayes written with E , the other alwayes without , the sound all one : tow , such as women spin : Tod , a proper name , Toad a venemous creature ; tog , toll , or ring , quasi towle , Toll a proper name , ô short , L accented , or acute ; and so Millars toll , toll-booth , &c. tome , tone , top , tore , tosse , totter , stove , or hot bath , toy , tose quasi toze . Tub , tuck , stud , tuft , tug , tuke , tull , tumbrell , tun , turkie , tussock , tut , improperly used in pronunciation , for to 't a contraction of to it , where o ought to sound in a manner like oo dipthong . Thack , a vulgar word , Thames , which we call Tames , thank , that , thaw , or dissolve . Thaxton , a proper name . The , the article is alwaies written with E single , as , the house , &c. but thee in the oblique cases of the Pronoune thou , is alwaies written with ee dipthong . There ought like to be a distinction of sound , though we seldome give it , between them . Thed , the termination of some Participles , whose Verbs end in th , as bequeathed , bequeath , and others whereby it is more properly expressed . Theft , them , then , there , the Adverbe , and their the Pronoune ( thus alwayes in writing distinguished , though in sound they seem all one . ) Thetford , theise , or these , theeve ( the Verb ) which some write thieve , because thiefe is usually written so . They whch sounds quasi thay , gather , altogether , &c. Thick , thigh of a mans body , ( gh not sounded ) thimble , thin , thine ( in one Th hath a briske sound , in the latter a flat ) thir-ty , this , thite ( a word only used among the vulgars ) thy . Thoke ( used onely of countrey people , and old women ) those , thou , though . Thumb , thurle ( a word obsolete ) thus , Thuxton . Th hath originally a brisk ayre , or an aspirate and nimble faculty in pronunciation , after the manner of the Greek Θ or Theta ( whose force it ought to retaine ) whence I suppose the Saxons fetch'd it , for from them we had it . Notwithstanding that tyrannicall usurper Custome ( brought in at first by carelesnesse ) hath in many of our words wrested it from its proper and native force , to a duller , more heavy , and flat sound , as in these , that , the , both Article and Pronoune , them , then , there , and their , these , they , thou , thine , thy , this , those , though , thus , thence : fatham ( which some pronounce fadam ) brothell , further , thither , father , Northerne , worthy , heathen ; and generally in words ending in ther , thed , theth , theft , and their participles of the present tense ending in thing , as brother , breathed , breatheth ( which is better onely breathes ) and therefore we shall seldome use theth , as in our Etymologicall part will further appeare : bequeathest , bequeathing . And in words ending in therne , as Southerne . Whereto add burthen , farthing , murther , and the words we recited of this sort for th finall in ath . The rest be all proper , as in thank , theft , third , &c. In burthen and murther , many pronounce Th , like d : which promiscuous use of D and Th , descended hereditarily to us from the Saxons . Thrace , thrall , thrumb , thrust , thruttle ( which is obsolete . ) Thred , threaten ( where Ea sounds but E short ) threw of throw . Thrive , Thrilkin , thrip , thrice , thrive , i short , the preterperfect tense of thrive . Throb , through , throp ( the termination of some few proper names ) throw the Verbs , throwes , or paines , belonging to a woman . Thrust , &c. Th before R alwaies proper . Thwart , thwack , thwilke ( a word obsolete . ) This combination I remember not anywhere properly used but in thwart , nor do I commend the use , more than for necessity , of such as are thus tedious and difficult to produce . Our best Masters that Latium ever knew , rejected them , and let us strive to come as nigh them as we can . Trab , tract , trade or handicraft , trade the preterperfect tense of tread , in lieu of trode : trammell , traine , trap , trattle , straw , tray . Tread , tred , the termination of diverse words ; trell likewise a termination , tremble , Trent , Trepan , distresse , treat , trey , an instrument Dairy-maids are well acquainted with . Tribe , trice , tri'd ( a participle of trie ) trig , trick , trim , Trincalo , trip , trite , or worne out of use like the word . Trode of tread , trough , troll , trot , trow , Troy , trowle , trouble , which we call truble . Truck , true , trug , trull , trundle , trust . In this combination nothing is difficult . Twaites , twaine , twelve , twine , twist . The first is a proper name , the second growne out of fashion , the third and last necessary and proper , the fourth usefull enough . More I remember not : their pronunciation is not hard . Evade , Vafer , valley , vamp , vant , vant-guard , T not sounded , varlet , vast , Vaux commonly called Vosse . View , ved , an usuall termination of many Participles , vent , Verte , or light green , a terme in Heraldry , vest , inveigh . Vice , provide , vie , village , vinyard , vertue , or virtue , ad-vise , revive . Vogue ( or agitation , a French word ) volley of shot , vote , vow . V in the beginning of a syllable before any other vowell , is alwaies a consonant , as like before E finall , as we already said . But in English it never precedes it selfe in the same combination ; in Latin often , as in vultus , and what comes of volo , &c. except in the word vulgar , and the derivatives thereof , which we have immediately from the Latin word vulgus . Wade , wafe , a word little used ; wag , weigh , quasi wai , wake , wall , wamble , wan , of win the Verbe ; wane , or decrease of the Moone , ware , warre , was , wash , wave , way , waite , Walter , which we call quasi Water . Web , Wecker , wed , we , wef , weeke , well , wen , wept , were , wert , west , wet , weave . Wicked , wide , widdow , wife , Wigmore , wild ( i long ) wimble , wildernesse , i short ; wine , window , wipe , wire , wish , wit , wive the Verb ; Wix . Wood ( quasi wud ) woe the substantive , o long , for misery ; woo , or sue , which some write woe , but falsly ; wooke , or awoke , awaked , of the Verbe wake ; wool , quasi wul ; womb ( O long , B not sounded ) wone or wan , of win the Verb. Wort , worse ( where note that O after W , before R , sounds alwayes U , as wort , quasi wurt , &c. wot , worsted , worrey , which we call vulgarly wurrow . W never precedes u in any word that I remmember , but alwaies assumes o in lieu thereof . Where note , that W in the beginning of any word or syllable , is alwayes a Consonant : and never used as a vowell , but in the ends of words , or sometimes for difference sake , being put after a Vowell in the nature of a Tripthong , &c. except onely that Custome hath so prevailed to write it in some few words in lieu of u , as perswade , sweare , sword , &c. where it hath the same force with u. Whale , wharle , whart , what , whay . When , where , whet , wheat , whence , whether . Whine , whim , whip , whirle-wind , whist , white , why . Who , the pronoune , whose , whom , ( in these o sounds oo dipthong ) whole , whore , o long , w not pronounced . Wrack , wrangle , wrap , wrastle , be-wray . Wrest , wret , wren , Wretham , E short . Wright , as mill-wright , &c. write , the Verbe , to write with a pen , where you may note their difference in Orthographie . Wring , writ of write , and Writ or Prorsus in Law . Wrie , or wry , awry , &c. Wrong , wrote , of write ; Wroxham , a townes name . Wrung , the preterperfect tense of wring ; Wrungey . Example ( wch the vulgar sort call Sample ) exempt . Exemplifie , Xenophon a Grecian Philosopher . Exil'd or exiled . Exotique , exustion , which indeed is ex-ustion of exuro . This we have from the Greeks , and ( as you see ) rarely used in any English word but example , and the derivatives thereof . The rest where X precedes are chiefly Greek . Yaune , or rather yawne , for to gape ; yag , a vulgar word . Yap , or little curre ; yard , yall . Yell , yes , yet , yield , yesterday . You , youth , yonder , young , yonker ( a barbarous word ) yolke of an egge , which they commonly call yelke . Y before a vowell alwayes consonant . Zanche ( a Scottish name ) zealous , row-zed . This we have like from the Greeks . For zeale comes from Zelotes , the Greek word , &c. And thus much of syllables mixt . Of the foure Liquids , L , M , N , R , when they happen in the end of a word . NOtwithstanding in the division of Consonants , I merrily said , Liquids were onely made to suit a Ladies mouth : yet in respect experience finds the necessity , that enforceth the generall acceptance of them in our Tongue ; I have thought good to propose this little Treatise of them in peculiar : the rather , in regard I have , in the syllables mixt , as occasion was offered , so often had relation hereto . Liquids therefore ( which the Latines call Liquidae ) take their denomination from their clearnesse of sound ; as , of all the consonants , comming nighest the perfection of a vowell ; which we above the Latines or any other Language , by Triall in some cases approve . And this may serve for a description of them , to wit , such semivowels as can partly of themselves produce an imperfect syllable . Their number foure , viz. L , M , N , R , common both to the Latines and us . Their use in some cases more with us than them , in some lesse . For in the beginning or middle of a word , we need not their distinction ; unlesse it be , because L and R be most incident to combinations , under any other consonant , wherein there is an aptitude of combining . But in the end of many words their fault is such , that whereas the Latines call them but semivowels , or halfe vowels , they deserve of us to be entituled three-quarter vowels at least , in that the chiefe force of the syllable relies upon them . For example , when any Liquid after another Consonant in the same syllable terminates a word , as onely joyned with E finall , or Es plurall , where E is the same . The pronunciation of that syllable consists chiefly by vertue of the Liquid , as in ble , bles ; cre , cres ; sme , smes ; gne , gnes , &c. which we will more particularly instance , in words exemplar . Where note L , and R , are the two Principle , as of most use in this kinde , and combined with most consonants : The other two lesse usefull , and more rarely happening . L therefore may be thus combined under b , c , d , f , g , k , p , s , t , x , z. as in fable , uncle , fidle , trifle , struggle , sickle , apple , misle , castle , axle , drizle , which some write drisle , nor do I disallow it . These taken in the plurall number of such as be substantives , produce these words , fables , uncles , fidles , trifles , sickles , apples , castles , axles ; and in the third person singular of such as be Verbs , come Struggles , misles , drizles , &c. and diverse other of the same nature , proceeding from these consonants . Their pronunciation we will specifie under one generall head of them altogether ; when we have examined the rest . R generally may be combined under b , c , d , f , g , p , t , w. But taken in the sense , is seldome put after any but c , g , and w. In many words with the two former it remaines invariable in this kinde , as in acre , maugre , &c. Combined with w , in this imperfect manner , may , and often is altered by interposing the E between W and R , and so made a perfect syllable , as in towre , or tower , both which be according to Orthography . Notwithstanding I most commend the latter altogether , as a substantive ; the former as a verb for distinction sake . M in our English Tongue is onely combined under S , as appeares by the table of syllables mixt . N onely under G at the end of a word , and that for the most part in such words as we take immediately from the Latine , as condigne , of condignus ; oppugne , of oppugno the Verb ; benigne , of benignus ; &c. M we find thus combined , chiefly in words either mediately or immediately comming from the Greeke ; as will appeare by comparing this place with our treatise of asme , in the syllables mixt . The manner of pronouncing them is thus as followes . Frame your voice as if you would sound all the letters , and withall the E ; but so soone as you have pronounced the two consonants , there stop , and omit the E. As for example . ble , in fable , Pronounce as they were onely bl , quasi fabl . cle , in uncle , Pronounce as they were onely cl , quasi uncl . dle , in fidle , Pronounce as they were onely dl , quasi fidl . fle , in trifle , Pronounce as they were onely fl , quasi trifl . gle , in angle , Pronounce as they were onely gl , quasi angl. ple , in graple , Pronounce as they were onely pl , quasi grappl . tle , in mantle , Pronounce as they were onely tl , quasi mantl . cre , in acre , Pronounce as they were onely cr , quasi acr . gre , in aegre , Pronounce as they were onely gr , quasi aegr . sme , in baptisme , Pronounce as they were onely sm , quasi baptism . gne , in benigne , Pronounce as they were onely gn , quasi benign . And so in the rest , whensoever they shall happen thus combined in the end of a word . As likewise when these combinations befall with es finall , being either the plurals to these substantives of the singular number , or the third person singular in the present tense of the indicatie mood of such as be Verbes , you shall pronounce them altogether with the omission of E , as more plainely appeares in this ensuing Table . bles , Being finall , as in fables , You shall as they were bls , As if the words recited were written fabls . cles , Being finall , as in uncles , You shall as they were cls , As if the words recited were written uncls . dles , Being finall , as in sadles , You shall as they were dls , As if the words recited were written saddls . fles , Being finall , as in stifles , You shall as they were fls , As if the words recited were written stifls . gles , Being finall , as in straggles , You shall as they were gls , As if the words recited were written straggls . ples , Being finall , as in apples , You shall as they were pls , As if the words recited were written appls . tles , Being finall , as in mantles , You shall as they were tls , As if the words recited were written mantls . cres , Being finall , as in acres , You shall as they were crs , As if the words recited were written acrs . gres , Being finall , as in tigres , You shall as they were grs , As if the words recited were written tigrs . smes , Being finall , as in baptismes , You shall as they were sms , As if the words recited were written baptisms . gnes , Being finall , as in oppugnes , You shall as they were gns , As if the words recited were written oppugns . Where though we have in these tables plainely demonstrated their pronunciation by way of Orthoepie ; yet in what concernes Orthography or right writing , E , in these or the like words appertaining to either of the tables , ought not at any rate to be omitted . Since it would argue a greater imperfection in our Tongue to propose a syllable without the Character , than the force of a vowell , in that we attribute a further faculty to the Liquids , than to the E , taken in this manner : Which serves as a Cypher in Arithmetick , to fill up , or supply a roome , but onely to add the greater vigour to the precedent Letters . And whereas some would have acres , Tygres , and diverse others of this kinde , to be written akers , tigers , &c. would custome so permit , I for my part should never refuse the accepting a perfect syllable , for an imperfect : by imperfect meaning , such as be produced without the perfect force of a vowell . For further satisfaction in any thing hereto concerning , I remit you to my former treatises ; not loving Tautologies , more than for necessity . Certaine briefe Rules of spelling reduced to a method . BY spelling I understand the due ordring of syllables in a just proportion , as they are to be together comprehended under their severall accents : or a certain way of attributing to every syllable its true quantity or measure in the number of letters therto belonging ; whether as an integrall part of a word , or constituting the whole . To this is requisite first to know the number of syllables in every word , then their division . For the number , we will produce a generall instance , though not without its exceptions . The Latines have it as an infallible and certaine rule in this kind : That so many vowels or dipthongs , as are in a word , so many syllables . But we must frame it in the English Tongue with more circumstance , which shall be thus . So many vowels , as occurre in any word , to be produced under diverse accents , or with severall motions of breathing , so many syllables . I put this distinction as a restraint to the generality of the rule , by reason of these exceptions . First of the dipthongs , where two vowels comming together , are joyntly comprehended under one accent . Secondly , of the Tripthongs , where three vowels are together combined in one syllable . Thirdly , of E finall ; which ( as I said before ) serves either to make the precedent vowelllong , that goes before it in the same syllable , as in Alchy●mie , where A is short , and ale , where A is made long by E succeeding L : or for a difference in the pronunciation of G , as in rang , of ring ; and range or stray , &c. Or to add some life and vigour to a Liquid in the producing a syllable , as you lately heard in the liquids . Lastly , of E in es finall , by me already so often mentioned , to wit , when S in the plurall number is added to such words as exact E finall in the Orthography of the singular : for in this case , E in es hath in it selfe no force ; unlesse the consonant preceding in the singular number , be either C , G , or S ; and then E in the plurall number before S finall , maketh a distinct syllable , as in ace , aces ; age , ages ; nose , noses : as likewise after either of these combinations ch , or sh ; as in Church , Churches ; ash , ashes , &c. The same rule for es plurall in Substantives , holds in all respects effectuall in es finall in the third person singular of the present tense of the Indicative mood . Wherefore I shall not need to instance any further particulars , concerning that ; unlesse I would be unnecessarily tedious , which is farre besides my meaning . As for certaine adverbs and prepositions which might hitherto be reduced , I referre them to the Readers observation ; least in striving to be so exact , I might produce a mountaine of a mole-hill . These foure exceptions therefore duly pondered , and had respect unto , the number of syllables will easily occurre , being otherwise equall with the number of the vowels . And thus much for the number ; now for the division of syllables , as they ought to be distinguished truly one from another . This then we will endeavour to illustrate in these few ensuing rules . First therefore when two vowels come together in the middle of a word , not combined , that is , not being a dipthong , but severally to be pronounced , then for the division of the syllables , you shall take the former vowell , as proper to the former syllable ; the latter to the ensuing . Likewise when two consonants come so together , put the one consonant to the former syllable , the other to the latter , as in tri-vi-all , lar-ger . Except the two consonants occurring in the middle of the word be one of the combinations instanced in the table of syllables mixt , which be these , bl , br , ch , cl , cr , dr , dw , fl , fr , gl , gr , gh , kn , pl , pr , ph , sc , sk , sh , sl , sm , sn , sp , sq , st , sw , th , tr , tw , wh , wr ; for all those combinations that are apt to begin a word , are likewise apt to begin a syllable , and therefore ought not to be divided in the spelling . But whensoever they happen otherwise together , either severall consonant doubled , they be alwaies distinguished in the division of the syllables ; unlesse when it happens in the end of a word , that two consonants be unnecessarily doubled , as in be-ginne , which is no more but begin . Secondly , when any single consonant thus occurres in the middle of a word of diverse syllables , you shall end the precedent syllable at the vowell , and let the consonant fall to that succeeds ; for no syllable in the middle of a word can end in a consonant , unlesse the syllable following hath another to begin withall , except it be in words derivative , or compounded , where every syllable exacts the letters appropriate to the simple word , as shall anon be further instanced . Thirdly , when three consonants so happen together , you shall divide them in this manner : If the first be a single consonant , and the two latter a combination , take up the single consonant in the former syllable , and let the other two fall to the latter : and so è contra ; for it 's requisite that two of them be a combination , and be thus divided , unlesse perchance it may so happen , that H interposeth the two extreme consonants ( which very rarely is seen but in the beginning of a word ) and so make a semi-double combination ; for then all consonants fall to the latter syllable , as in be-shrew . These kinde of combinations be onely in some peculiar words , and not much usuall , especially Chr , Phr , Scr , Sch , Shr , Str , Thr , more frequently occurre . 4 If foure Consonants come together ( as more cannot ) and make a double combination , they must be equally divided . But if the first be a single consonant , and the other combined , take up the single consonant , and let the other three fall , as in con-straine , en-thrall : so è contra . 5 If three vowels come together , not being a Tripthong , or combined in one syllable . If the former be a dipthong , and the other a single vowell , as in bayard , take up the dipthong in the first syllable , and let the vowell fall to the latter : and so on the contrary part . 6 If X , as it often doth occurre in the middle of a word , you shall alwaies take it up in the former syllable , though there be no other consonant follow wherewith to begin the latter : because it implies the force of cs , which is no combination that can begin a syllable ( in the English or Latin , but usuall in the Greeke ) end it may , and frequently doth . Lastly , when two complete words are compounded , or together united in one , you shall in the spelling have respect unto them , as they were both simple ; as in save-guard , which hath but two syllables . The like is to bee had in Derivatives , or words derived , which have alwayes relation to their primitives , though somtimes by way of mediation , as in strength-en of strength ; strength-en-ing of strengthen , &c. where E in the middle syllable is often cut off by Syncope , and made strength'ning . For a conclusion of this treatise , we will onely add a word or two concerning Ti in the middle of a word . Ti , before a vowell that is to begin another syllable in the same word , is alwayes ci or si in pronunciation , except it followes X , or S ; or that the syllable following be but an addition to a complete word ending in ti , happening usually in adjectives of the comparative and superlative degrees of comparison ; and participles , whose verbs had their termination in ti , or ty , as in lofty , loftier , loftiest ; mighty , mightier , mightiest . Pitty , pittying , pittied , &c. which be the usuall terminations of such words . Or lastly , where it precedes es finall , as in citties , unties , where it is all but one syllable &c. For in these cases ti remaines allwaies proper , otherwise not . And so let this suffice our present purpose concerning this subject . Onely here for the further practice of little ones , that their parents may need to buy them no other book for the reading English , we have here annexed some hard words confusedly composed , though in an Alphabeticall order ; and after them the first Chapter of S. Matthew , to inure them a little to those Hebrew names . Abbreviation , Acknowledgment , Addiction , &c. The first Chapter of S. Matthew . The booke of the generation of Iesus Christ , the sonne of David , the sonne of Abraham . 2 Abraham begat Isaac , and Isaac begat Iacob , and Iacob begat Iudas and his brethren . 3 And Iudas begat Pharez , and Zara of Thamar , and Pharez begat Esrom , and Esrom begat Aram. 4 And Aram begat Aminadab , and Aminadab begat Naasson , and Naasson begat Salmon . 5 And Salmon begat Boos of Rachab , and Booz begat Obed of Ruth , and Obed begat Iesse . 6 And Iesse begat David the king , and David the king begat Solomon of her that had been the wife of Vrias . 7 And Solomon begat Roboam , and Roboam begat Abia , and Abia begat Asa. 8 And Asa begat Iosophat , and Iosaphat begat Ioram , and Ioram begat Ozias . 9 And Ozias begat Ioatham , and Ioatham begat Achaz , and Achaz begat Ezekias . 10 And Ezekias begat Manasses , and Manasses begat Amon , and Amon begat Iosias . 11 And Iosias begat Iechonias and his brethren , about the time they were carried away to Babylon . 12 And after they were brought to Babylon , Iechonias begat Salathiel , and Salathiel begat Zorobabel . 13 And Zorobabel begat Abiud , and Abiud begat Eliakim , and Eliakim begat Azor. 14 And Azor begat Sadoc , and Sadoc begat Achim , and Achim begat Eliud . 15 And Eliud begat Eleazar , and Eleazar begat Matthan , and Matthan begat Iacob . 16 And Iacob begat Ioseph the husband of Mary , of whom was borne Iesus , who is called Christ . 17 So all the generations from Abraham to David , are fourteene generations : And from David untill the carrying away into Babylon , are fourteen generations : And from the carrying away into Babylon unto Christ , are fourteen generations . 18 Now the birth of Iesus Christ was on this wise : When as his mother Mary was espoused to Ioseph ( before they came together ) she was found with childe of the Holy Ghost . 19 Then Ioseph her husband being a iust man , and not willing to make her a publike example , was minded to put her away privily . 20 But while he thought on these things , behold , the Angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dreame , saying , Ioseph thou sonne of David , feare not to take unto thee Mary thy wife ; for that which is conceived in her , is of the Holy Ghost . 21 And she shall bring forth a Sonne , and thou shalt call his Name Iesus : for he shall save his people from their sinnes . 22 ( Now all this was done , that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the Prophet , saying , 23 Behold a Virgin shall be with childe , and shall bring forth a Sonne , and they shall call his Name Emmanuel , which being interpreted is , God with us . ) 24 Then Ioseph being raised from sleep , did as the Angel of the Lord had bidden him , and took unto him his wife : 25 And knew her not till she had brought forth her first borne Sonne , and he called his Name Iesus . But now it is time that we leave our childish digressions , and persist with what more directly intends to our Scope . Supposing therefore the premises instructions enough , for the spelling , and finding out any English word ; or in what may concerne the letters either severall or combined ; it onely remaines , that we say somwhat of the stops , or pauses , between sentence and sentence , for the more renable ( as we call it ) and distinct reading . Which notwithstanding it properly belongs to Orthography : yet by reason Orthographie and Orthoepie be necessarily so concomitant ( as being impossible to be perfect in the one without the other ) and we have so promiscuously used them , to shew their difference as occasion served ; we have thought fit to insert this briefe peculiar treatise hereof , as a Conclusion to our English Orthoepie ; especially since we have made that the chiefe title to this little booke ( as chiefly undertaking what thereto appertaines ) and that the knowledge of these stops or points is no lesse conducible , and hypothetically necessary to distinct and ready reading ( the perfection of Orthoepie ) than to Orthographie , or right writing : though I will not further inferre , knowing it so requisite to both . These stops therefore are by the Latines termed Comma ; Comma-colon ; colon ; periodus ; Interrogatio ; Parenthesis ; Exclamatio ; Apostrophe , sive contractionis nota , vel signum . Their number ( you see eight ) their figure and use ensues . The Comma hath its place at the foot of the line , and is marked with a semi-circular forme like an halfe Moone decrescent thus ( , ) The use onely in long sentences , in the most convenient places to make a small pause for the necessity of breathing ; or in Rhetoricall speeches ( where many words are used to one effect ) to make a kinde of Emphasis and deliberation for the greater majesty or state of the Elocution . The Comma-colon , as you see by the name , participates of both the Comma and the Colon ; The one retaining his proper place , the other above the figure thus ( ; ) This to the Ancients was not knowne ; but now in no lesse use than estimation , especially among Rhetoricians . Who in their long winded sentences , and reduplications , have it as a constant pack-horse , to make some short deliberation as it were of little sentences , as the Comma doth of words ; the time of pause about double that of the Comma generally , which yet is very small . The Colon ( which we vulgarly call two prickes or points ) is deciphered in the forme of two periods , the one at the foot , the other at the upper part of the body of the line , thus ( : ) It is chiefly used in the division of sentences , and exacts halfe the pause of a Period ; and halfe as much againe as a Comma-Colon . The Period is onely a single point , set at the lower part of the body of the line thus ( . ) This is altogether used at the end of every speech or sentence , as the name it selfe implies ( being derived from the Greek ) and signifies conclusion . The pause or distance of speaking hereto appropriate is sometime more , sometime lesse : for ( setting aside the Epilogicall distinction , as it terminates whole treatises ) when in the middle of a line it cuts off any integrall part of a complete Tractate , which goes not on with the same , but begins a new line , it requireth double the time of pause , that it doth when the Treatise persists in the same line : being then foure times as long as a Colon , which in the same line is but twice . I remember my singing-Master taught me to keep time , by telling from 1 , to 4 , according to the nature of the time which I was to keep , and I found the practice thereof much ease and certainty to me , till I was perfect in it . The same course I have used to my pupils in their reading , to inure them to the distinction of their pauses , and found it no lesse successefull . But here you must take notice , that many times this point or period marke is many times set after great or Capitall Letters single ; not for any pause or distance of time , but onely as a note of abbreviation of some propername , or other word beginning with the same letter . Which you shall thus distinguish . For if the point succeeds such a capitall letter , it argues onely an abbreviation , and no time of pause : but if the great letter succeeds the point , it argues onely a period pause , and no abbreviation . For as in Orthography such abbreviations ought to be marked with such a point ; so every Period ought to have a Capitall Letter immediately succeeding . The Interrogation point is figured thus ( ? ) taking both name and use ab interrogando . Being onely used when any question is asked . The pause it requires , is more or lesse according to the matter and seriousnesse of the question , but generally the same with the common Period , as it ordinarily fals in the middle of any treatise . The Parenthesis hath the figure of two semi-circles or halfe Moones crescent , and decrescent , either inclining to other , thus ( ) . For pause it requires as little as may be ; exacting rather a distinction of tone , than distance of time . By reason the use of it only is , when any thing is introduced in a sentence , which might be left out , and yet the other sentence remaine entire . The Exclamation point is most subject to interjections or conversions of the voice . It takes the name ab exclamando , the use from signes of exclamation and wonder . The marke it beares is this ( ! ) The pause that belongs to it , is likewise to be reduced to that of the Period . The Apostrophe or mark of contraction is variously subject ( according to the place it possesses ) to the three figures , Apharesis , Syncope , and Apocope : that is , according as the contraction be in the beginning , middle , or end of a word : as in 't will , Apostrophe est Aphaeresis nota , for it will : in strength'ning , Syncopes : in th'intent , Apocopes , &c. The marke , as you see , the same with the Comma , onely the difference is of place , in that this stands over the upper part of the line where the contraction is ; almost in the same manner that the Greeks set their note of aspiration , where they intend to aspirate any vowell . For pause of time , it hath none belonging to it , and therefore not so properly inserted among the points , or stops . But onely as I thought it convenient , by reason of the Character ; which is necessary to be knowne and distinguished . Taken in the two first kindes , that is , by way of Aphaeresis and Syncope , it chiefly appertaines to Poets , who use it very frequently . By way of Apocope , it is incident likewise to Lawyers , as chiefly prone to cut off entailes , where , in their writings , two words occurre , whereof the former ends , and the latter beginnes with a vowell , they usually combine these two words in one , by contracting the last vowell of the former , and including it in the other ( as it often happens in such , as to augment their owne liberties have infringed other mens ) especially E single , as in th'intent , th'Archangell , &c. for the intent , the Archangell , &c. where after the common course of the world , the weakest goe by the walls , or rather the worst , and the great word ingrosseth in the lesser , like usurers and fishes . And thus much for Apostrophe . This ensuing piece of non-sense I have onely of purpose framed and hereto annexed to exemplifie further the use of the precedent Points in their severall kinds , per Erotema . Are there any certaine histories ( I pray you , if I may not too much interrupt you ) that might induce a man of judgement to believe , that there are in nature such creatures , as be call'd Anthropophagi , or maneaters ? Oh Heavens ! that ever any Scholler should argue himselfe of so much ignorance , as to propose such a question ! Hath not Plinie ? Hath not Isidore ? Hath not Columbus ? Hath not Albertus ? have not the best of naturall Historians and Geographers sufficiently depicted them ? But whether they did it of their owne knowledge , as having seen them ; or that they had it meerly from the relation of others , that I cannot tell . But they all agree in this : India ( say they ) hath certaine Islands wherein such creatures be : America many ; and some in Africa . Thus India is call'd their harbour ; America their nurse ; Africa their home . Travellers , Merchants , Historiographers , report , assure , relate , partly what themselves have seen ; partly what approved in their wofull companions , left to be entombed in the bellies of those monsters : while they themselves with much adoe escaped , onely to be the dolefull narratours of so sad a story . But whereas some Philosophers and Physitians stand to oppose , it cannot be in nature , neither that mans flesh can nourish , or yeeld any nutriment : And whereas , on the other side , some produce arguments from experience , of savage beasts , that will eat , devoure , and ( had they sufficient thereof ) would live onely by such ; which argues they are nourished by it ; and thereupon conclude , if it affords nutriment to such savage beasts ; why not to those creatures , almost as savage as the wildest bruit ( notwithstanding as men they be potentially endued with reason ; but that so restrained by the organs , and limited to sense , as they may truly in a kinde be termed Rationis expertes ) 't is not here my purpose to dispute , having already said more of them than at first I intended . Now therefore come we to make good our promise concerning some peculiar rules belonging to Orthographie . Wherein we shall endeavour to be as succinct as may be , ( least our little volume rises to too big a bulk ) especially since we have so fully satisfi'd occasion ( perhaps above the Readers expectation ) in our Treatise of syllables mixt , where you may finde many particulars might hitherto be reduced . Certaine peculiar Rules of Orthography . ORthography is the Art of right writing ; as the Etymologie of the name in the Greeke Tongue implies , and the common acception among Grammarians approves . The difference between it and Orthoepie , who so understands their termes in Greek , may easily comprehend : the one appertaining to right speaking , the other to right writing . Orthography ( according to the present use ) is chiefly versed in the Letters , in respect of their Quantity ; to wit , as they be decyphered in Capitall or lesser Characters , and the knowledge how to dispose of these in writing : viz. when to use great letters , when small . And on the relation hereto shall our ensuing discourse be chiefly grounded . For to inferre here a generall treatise of Orthography , according to the latitude of the terme , how it hath reference to the Letters , both single and combined , and that as parts of a word ; and so proceeding methodo compositivâ ; to treat of these words , as part of a sentence ; and sentences , as the integrall parts of a complete treatise ; and how distinguished by the points : were in a circular gyre to bring about a needlesse repetition of what we have already bent the aime of all precedent discourse ; and for our owne purpose sufficiently discussed ; and ( I thinke ) enough to satisfie any reasonable capacity : If not , since it is facile inventis addere , let any one enlarge the foundation which we ( so farre forth as our knowledge extends ) have first laid in our English Tongue . But now to returne . Concerning the use of the Capitall Letters , therefore take these along with you . 1 Every Treatise , or written speech whatsoever , is to begin with a great letter , that is , to have the first letter of the first word of the Treatise , written or printed , with a Capitall , or great Character , in what hand or impression soever the discourse is to be delivered . 2 The same is to be observed in the beginning of every distinct sentence , or clause . For ( as I said before ) after every period point must ensue a great letter . 3 The pronoune , or word ( I ) must alwayes be written with a great letter ; so must every proper name , or peculiar denomination of every individuall : as all the Attributes of God Almighty , the names of Angels , Saints , and evill spirits ; the titles given by the Heathens to their faigned Gods and Goddesses ; the names of men and women of all sorts whatsoever ; the names of moneths , winds , rivers , Cities , townes , Islands and Kingdoms : the particular name of any peculiar dog , horse , or beast of any kind soever : The first word of every verse , at least Heroique : any letter set for a number , as you had in the beginning of our Orthoepie : Any letter standing for any such , or the abbreviation as we there mentioned . Lastly , all names or Titles of Magistrates , Arts , Offices , and Dignities , in what respect soever taken . In these , I say , altogether consists the use of Capitall Letters , in all other we use onely the smaller . Where you may take notice , That in the abbreviations I spake of to be written with great letters , I included not any such Charactericall abbreviation of a word , as & for and , the for the , that for that ; and a thousand more commonly occurring , besides what every man hath peculiar to himselfe , which onely experience and practice must make familiar to you : but those which are thus to bee distinguished ; to wit , when you would abbreviate any word , whether proper name , or other word usuall in such abbreviations , which is to bee expressed by the first letter of the word , then are ye to use a great Letter in all those Abbreviations , otherwise not . For examples , I referre you to our treatise of Letters in genere , in the first part of the Orthoepie here specified , in this little book . The next caution after the great Letters is for E finall , or when it fals in the end of a word , that you never omit it , where it ought to be inserted : whether for distinction sake , as in win , the verbe , and wine , the substantive : or onely to make the precedent vowell long , as in shrine : or after v , to make it a consonant , which otherwise seeming to be combined with the former vowell in the nature of a dipthong , might so alter the pronunciation , as in love , which without the E would be sounded like lou , in loud , so move , live , and a great many more of the like kinde : or for difference of diverse words ending in G , aswell substantives as verbs , as in rang , and range , &c. which I instanced before . Or lastly , when in es , terminating either verbe or substantive , it ought of right to bee put for any of the uses above rehearsed . Because many times as it makes a difference in pronunciation , so it much varies the sense : as in these words , made , mad , Cage for a bird , Cag of beare , rid , ride , safe , saffron . Dame , or matron of a family , dam of a mill , and damne the Verb , to condemne . Sack , sake ( where note as a generall rule , that when any vowell before k sounds short , we alwayes write c before k ; as in stick , or rack ; but when the vowell is to be pronounced long , we alwayes write it with k single , and add E finall to it , as in rake , &c. ) man , mane of an horse : gap , or breach , gape : Ware , warre ; tune of a song , tun of wine : hid , hide ; mile , mill , where the vowell before L is short , we usually double L in writing . Pin , pine , &c. diverse of this sort . And here likewise take notice of what we instanced in Orthoepie , That when any word seems to end in S proper , the vowell being long , we alwayes write it with Ce , as in race , slice , mace , mice , &c. for ( as I said ) S in this case sounds alwayes Z , except where it is written as a difference betweene the Substantive and Verb , where both sound alike , as in rase , or demolish , the verb ; and race , that such an one ran ; or race of ginger ; race of wine , &c. where their sound is all one . But otherwise the Rule holds generall without exception . Furthermore , diligent observation ought to be had in writing of such words ; where diverse words of severall Characters , and that of divers meanings , are alike pronounced : for example , Raine that fals from the clouds , ought to be written thus as you see : the Raigne of a Prince thus : the reine of a bridle ( which we usually and better sound quasi rean ) so as is here demonstrated . Their , the pronoune ; and there the adverbe , or in that place . Wait the verbe , and weight the substantive , or quantity . Write , when a verb , to play the Scribe ( as we call it ) and wright when a Substantive , as in Shipwright , and the like . Prophet of the old Law ; profit or gaine . Read , proper in the present tense : but in the preterperfect tense both of verb and participle sounds E short , quasi red , yet ought to be thus in writing distinguished from red the adjective , or fiery-colour'd . Heard the verb , hard the adjective . Here in this place , I heare . Deigne , or vouchsafe , sodeine . Some men , sum of money . Neigh of an horse , and nay a note of deniall . Also all adjectives derived of the Latines , ending in us , we write ous , as in glorious , frivolous , victorious . But all monosyllables hold proper , as thus , not thous ; us , not ous , &c. And substantives derived of the Latine , which they terminate in or , we write our ; as in labour , honour , vigour , &c. Except our monosyllables , and verbs , as or , ought not to be written our , which is another word . For , nor , abhorre , of abhorreo ; repercusse , of repercutio , &c. Trusse , discusse . Lastly , the Article A , ( wherof herafter God willing , we will further inform you in our Etymologicall part ) and the pronouns My , and Thy , being to precede a word beginning with a vowell , usually assumes in writing N , in the first single ; in the two last with E finall , as an , thine , mine ; to avoid in reading the great hiatus , or kinde of gaping in pronunciation , which otherwise it would produce ; as an Asse , not a Asse : thine eare , rather than thy eare : mine injury , rather than my injury ; but the two latter be more indifferent , than the former . So on the other side must we not say or write , an lamb ; thine bullock ; mine sheep : but a lamb , thy bullock , my sheep . And not like the vulgar sort , who annex this N to the ensuing word , as a nox , a nasse , my nuncle , thy naunt ; for an oxe , mine uncle , thine aunt , &c. You must therefore be very cautious to shun in writing the barbarous custome of the vulgars in their pronunciation , as shoen , for shoes , an ordinary fault in some countreyes , to put N , for S , and E , for I ; as mell , for mill ; delited , for delighted , &c. setting aside the absurdities used among the vulgar in Sommerset-shire , and other remote places , as not worth the nominating , so much as by way of reprehension : but follow the custome of the learned , and observe their use among Schollers . The rest I referre to our precedent rules , and your owne practice , and diligent observation in reading Classicall Authours . For a Conclusion therefore of this our first part of the English Grammar , whereas Quintilian adviseth in the Latin Tongue , that Orthography should be but as the Custos , or Depositour of Orthoepie , as a carefull steward : and so by consequence , that one should maintaine the other : when he wils them by way of institution to speak , as they write ; and write as they speake , for their further ease in avoiding multiplicity of rules : I could wish the same in our English Tongue ; but must have patience to expect , till time and further industry have reduced it to a further method and perfection , by refining and purging away those grosse corruptions which so tumifie it with unnecessary surfeits : Which for my part I should be glad to see ; that there might be no just allegation , why we should not have all the liberall Sciences in our own Tongue , aswell as France , Spaine , and other Countreyes . It would , no question , be a great furtherance to reall knowledge . But in that kinde I shall not be the first to innovate , though I lay this stone for others to work upon , to build a larger prospect for the pleasure of my Countrey-men , and benefit of strangers . Thus courteous Reader , Lege , perlege , elige , dilige ; Qui te diligit , in CHRISTO JESU . S. D. Certaine briefe Notes , or Directions , for writing of Letters , or familiar Epistles . ASwell in regard of my promise in the prescription or Title page ; as to satisfie the request of some peculiar friends , finding perhaps the generall defect ( aswell in themselves as others ) of some illustrations in this kinde : I have annexed these few directions in generall , for the inditing and writing Letters ( as we terme them ) or familiar Epistles , intended onely for the benefit of children , women , and persons either altogether ignorant in this respect , or discontinued . As for Secretaries , and those who can better help themselves , I leave them to their owne practice , and observations . For to undertake to reduce this confused quality , faculty , or art , ( or whatsoever terme you will attribute unto it ) to any certaine method , or classicall precept ; or to seek out a radix , consisting of such principles , whereon every particular must ex hypothesi depend ( would I , or any Secretary more commendably versed in those wayes , attempt it ) as we should find it a work no lesse tedious than difficult , and almost impossible ( unlesse it were possible to know every private mans occasion ) so might we to little purpose and effect frustra oleum & operam dare , since Quot homines , tot sententiae ; and it is connaturall for every one , that is able to apprehend , to like his owne imagination best . Neither would ever any of the Latines ( who knew too well severall men have their severall occasions ) take such a burden upon them , in a tongue more incomparably pure ; and times farre more addicted to industry and knowledge , in what concerned both speculation and practice . Macropoedius ( I know ) shewed a will to do somwhat herein , and prescribed certaine generall rules ; but such as would better suit an Oration , than a familiar Epistle , which delights in brevity and plainenesse . The Paradigma's or examples there , be well and commendable ; but not consorting the streame of English Secretaries , more taken with Seneca's succincter stile . But for examples , I referre you to others , since there are every where enough to be had , intending onely to deale by way of Instruction . In the framing of Letters , we are to have respect to our selves , and the quality of the Person to whom we write . For , as it behoves us not to use alwayes , and to all persons a like phrase , or manner of writing , so ought we to be cautious in the performance of it respectivè , that is , without prejudice to our selves , or derogating from the party to whom it is written . If therefore to our Superiour , or one of rank above us ; then are we to frame our stile in a lowly and humble manner , yet ( habito scriptori respectu ) according to the distance of degree ; the worth of both the objects ; and the subject of our Letter . For , it befits not a Gentleman to use those submissive and incroaching termes to one of higher state , and fortunes ; which may well become a Peasant to one of farre meaner rank . Neither would we indeavour to insinuate our selves so farre in any other respect , as when we have some suit to preferre , or some request to make . And in generall , it is more tolerable to be argued of too plaine a stile , ( so as I said , it be done with due respect ) than by any Rhetoricall flashes of elocution , to incurre the censure of a Sycophant , as it is incident and usuall to such as use many words to little purpose , to be either rejected as idle and impertinent ; or els suspected of some farther plot , than perhaps the party himselfe is guilty of . Let therefore your Letters of what nature soever , be as succinct as possible may be , without circumlocutions , which be tedious to Persons of quality , and such as have much businesse . And if it be so , as they be replete with matters of consequence ; come presently to the businesse of most importance , conveniently introduced : then persist in order : for otherwise , if your Letter be copious , and carries not ( as the Proverbe sayes ) meat in the mouth , or matter at the entrance , it may hazzard ( if not well sollicited ) to be cast by , without so much as once reading over , as I have knowne some my selfe among men of worth , who have been much imployed . This I speake not though , utterly to debarre the use of civill Complement , which is both requisite , and no wayes inconvenient , so it be used with discretion , and not ( as they say ) to make a paine of pastime . Complement therefore is most seasonable , when it accompanies either present or visit , I meane aswell in paper as in person . And that alwayes better introduced in the close of a Letter , than at the beginning ; unlesse the whole subject be onely by way of complement , and nothing concerning any serious businesse . A thing ordinary , and many times expected betweene friend and friend , upon occasions of writing offered . And then is afforded liberty of using wit , and readinesse of Genius , to such as be indued with pregnant phantasies ; having still a care not to be over-shot by selfe-opinion ; least a flash of windy matter produce such bubbles , as carry no other substance , but onely to vapour into ayre ; or perhaps turne worse than nothing . If it be to be written to one inferiour or some degrees beneath you ; be plausible and courteous to win respect and love : but not too familiar : since too much familiarity breeds contempt , especially among people of the meanest sort , most apt in such cases to forget themselves . If to a stranger of equall rank , shew courtesie in a full proportion , yet cloathed with a petty kinde of state ; aswell to avoid all suspition of intrusion , as to shew a kinde of nicenesse in intimating too sodaine familiarity . For wise men will consider , things easiliest wun , are most easily lost ; and he that comes fastest on , goes quickliest off . Give mee the friendship comes slowly by degrees , for that is most likely to attaine perfection , and longest to continue , as having the surer ground for a foundation of it . If to a servant , let love and mildnesse so proceed , as may not loose its distance ; for , too much rigour looseth the servant , and too much love the Master ; who may easily discerne love from a servant tempered with a little awe , is alwayes most available to the Master ; as acts voluntary go beyond enforcements . If to a Maister , let the stile be such as may demonstrate all obsequy and duty . This I speake in respect of servants ( as servants ) in generall : not , but that I know , as there are differences and diverse degrees of Masters , so ought there severall respects to be had to servants , according to their place , and manner of service . For it were absurd to think , that Gentlemen in those places that may befit their rank and fortune , though subject to their masters call , should be tied to the obsequious termes of every pedantique Groome . As first , he that waits voluntary , and at his owne expence ; then Secretaries in their severall ranks ; then such as serve in the places of Gentlemen , as Ushers , and the like . Then Clarks to men eminent , and of quality ; and Clarks appertaining to Offices , Factors , and Apprentices ( especially about London ) men perhaps ( as is usuall in that kind ) better derived than their Masters . In this respect , I say , ought the servant to consider the relation , or respect to be had , according to his Masters rank , his own person , and the nature of his service . yet generally speaking , all servants ( as servants ) of what nature or calling soever , ought aswell in writing as otherwise , to shew a kinde of respect extraordinary . Though ( as I said ) some be tied to termes more incomparably strict than others . If we write to a Parent , our stile and manner of writing must be such , as may shew all dutifull respect and obedience , exacted from a Child to a Parent , by the Lawes of God and Nature . If to a father or mother in law , that is by marriage , we will tender our selves in such termes , as may professe service and obedience ; but not duty : At least , not equall to the former : though I grant , we ought to think our selves tied in a firme obligation of civill , and more than common respect . If to a child , love and care : But the passionate expressions of tender affection , better fit a mother , than a father : for men ought to governe their affections by the rule of reason , least otherwise they chance to set a bad example of letting loose the reines of passion , of it self too apt to run out of one errour to another . In a word , if to a friend , friendly . If to an adversary , harsh , as you think good , according to the nature of the offence , and quality of the person offending . But not railing , or too invective ; which will argue more passion , than judgement or discretion , and be a meanes to make other men suppose a want in you of somwhat might make you rightly capable of an injury . But if it be to a familiar and intimate friend , you shall be restrained to no other rule , but onely your own imagination , and the best liking of your friend , according as you shall observe his conceits most addicted , or inclined this way or that . Onely take it as a generall and infallible rule , let the body of your letter be succinct and pithy , such as may expresse much matter in few words : and let that be your greatest study by way of inditing : And by the way of writing to have respect to Orthography , according to those rules we have before prescribed . But to come with a bundle of Circumquaques , after the manner of the vulgar sort : whose common custome is to begin their Letters thus ( Loving friend , The occasion of my writing unto you , at this present time is , to let you understand , that I should be very glad to heare you are in good health , as I am at the writing hereof , God be blessed therefore , &c. ) on in a whole bederoule of ribble-rabble is most ridiculous and absurd , in the sight of one which knowes the manner of inditing . For to be glad to heare of their welfare , is implicit in the title of friend : and to send word of your health , it suffices to tell if it be not so : if not , the other is easily imagined . And so many prayers and thanksgivings as some put in , were better spent in their closet , where no ayre might circumvent them , than inserted in ordinary letters ( excepting such as passe betweene man and wife ; parent and child ) which passing through so many hands , may chance to get infection ; or at least exposed to the wind and open ayre , may chance coole their fervour of devotion . But here we likewise exempt Apostolicall benedictions , sent from Ministers ( befitting their function and calling , and answerable to the Word of God ) who in that rightly imitate the worthy President S. Paul in his Epistles . Having therfore marked or creased ( as we call it ) out the paper ( which ought to be in folio , or in quarto , that is an whole sheet , or an halfe sheet doubled ) and having in the top , after the usuall custome ( especially writing to persons of worth and quality ) left a sufficient space for a vacuum , and as ample a margent ( but that is to be ordered more or lesse , according to the quantity of your paper , and the subject , whereon you are to write ) then in the first place are you to order the superscription , or the title to be attributed as an entrance . For your assistance wherein , you shall ( as I said before ) have respect to the quality of the person to whom it is written , and your selfe ; and that whether as an acquaintance , or stranger ; intimate , or lesse familiar ; having relation or dependance either of other , or not ; friend , or adversary , &c. and then order your title in this manner . If therefore it be a Lord ( for higher I will not ascend , presuming any , to whom these be directed , to have little intercourse with Emperours , Monarchs , Kings , Princes , Dukes , Marquestes , Earles , &c. or if they have , let them seeke other assistance , or send to us , and we shall do our indeavour to supply their want ) if it be so , as he holds his title onely by some place , or dignity , by way of Office or Magistracy , we seldome superscribe any other title than , My Lord , and by the way , still in the body of your Letter , put him in minde of his Lordship , and now and then his honour , &c. If he be a Count , or Baron , by descent of noble pedigree , our title is chiefly , Right Honourable : Right Honourable , and my very good Lord ( this from a retainer , or one that hath dependance on his honour ) Most noble and illustrious Sir , Right Honourable and renowned Sir , and diverse others to this effect . And from a Gentleman only , My Lord , will suffice . But still we ought in addressing our speech to him , to do it with the attribute of His Honour , and now and then for change we may say , Your Lordship , or , Your good Lordship , from one of meaner rank . To a Baronet , Honoured Sir , as the most usuall and befitting title to such a degree : which is likewise often attributed to other Knights , and somtime to Esquires , and other Gentlemen , by way of Complement . Gentlemen writing to Knights and Baronets , often give onely the title of Sir , and noble Sir ; worthy , or most worthy Sir ; sometime Most Noble , and the like . But I like the plainest best , especially when one hath much businesse , and little leisure to complement . The usuall superscription from one inferiour , or of meaner rank is , Right worshipfull , &c. sometime Right renowned , or right worthy Sir , and this comes sometimes as a Rarity from a punie Scholler , as tumbling from his thumping pen . And under the degree of a Gentleman , or a Gentlemans mate , it behoves in writing to have his or your Worship , by the end along , so often as his speech hath relation to the Baronets or Knights person . From a peasant , your good Worship will not do amisse . But from a Gentleman , ridiculous ; as arguing little breeding . One Gentleman or Esquire writing to another , usually attribute onely the title of Sir , especially if strangers , or lesse intimate : if better acquainted , many times some other addition , of Noble , Worthy , Courteous , Generous , Kinde , and the like , according to their intimacie , affection , and difference of eminency and fortunes . Somtime , if very intimate , more familiar termes , which they ordinarily use in discourse . But from one of a meaner sort , or not a Gentleman , would be thought a sawcinesse , or arrogancy at least , to do so ; unlesse from such make-sports , as Gentlemen make use of onely to foole with . From a Tradesman therefore ( of the ordinary sort I meane ) writing to an Esquire , the title of Worshipfull Sir , or Worthy Sir , or the like , and now and then to pull your Worship out of his pocket ( especially if to one any wayes eminent or of quality ) is no more than beseeming and requisite . To lesse eminent , or of meane fortunes , or younger houses , Sir , will suffice . The like ought to be observed in farmers , and countrey-people , of meaner rank . Gentlemen of quality , whether Knights , Esquires , or other Gentlemen of worth and fortune , writing to Yeomen of the more substantiall sort , such as go under jurisdiction of the common attribute Mr , and whom such men please to make their companions in table and discourse , if they be any thing intimate , usually begin their title , Honest Thom. Kinde Ieffrey , Good Will such an one , &c. if lesse acquainted , or when they are to be beholding to them for any courtesie , then it will not be amisse to hang on their noses , as spectacles , at first entrance , Mr such , or such an one , &c. writing to any kinde of Scoggin , or hanger on , or the like , then nothing but Dick , Thom. &c. I prethee do such a thing , &c. To an ordinary yeoman or tradesman , Goodman , &c. is a good beginning . But alwayes let Schollers and younger Brothers give the highest of his attributes to any wealthy man , for 't is the money , and not the man they are to respect and court . But in personating a Letter from one to another under the degree , or at least the title of a Gentleman , he will be accounted more woodcock than wise , that shall study any other complement , than to begin with the ordinary title appropriate to them , and so persist . The same kinde of common title appropriate to the Person , is to be used in civility , when we write to one we hold as an adversary , as to a Knight of what sort soever , Sir such an one , &c. To an Esquire , if much above our rank , it is decent to say Sir , if not the same that to a Gentleman . If to a Gentleman of what rank or nature soever , Mr such an one , putting in his surname . If under , then Goodman thus or thus ; or from a Gentleman to one much inferiour , Iohn , Thomas , Richard , So and So , &c. And thus much for titles or superscriptions . This is usually placed in the first corner in the margent space , above the body of your Letter . But I had like to have forgot the Ecclesiasticall title of Reverend Sir , or Most Reverend , &c. according to their worth and dignity . Having therefore thus instanced the severall sorts of Superscriptions , we will now come to the Subscriptions , ( for the body of a Letter can be reduced to no precise or particular rule , without too much needlesse labour and innovation ) and in generall , we have already said what we determine . The same generall rule therefore , that ties you , in the superscription and body of the Letter to have respect to the party to whom you write , and your owne individuall person , ties you to the same conditions in the subscription , and indorsement , or outward superscription , which wee bee still to treat of . To a Baron therefore , or to a Lord , wee usually subscribe thus . Your honours most humble servant , My Lord , Your eternally devoted Honourer , and thrice humble servant . Your Lordships most faithfull and most humble servant . Your Lordships till death , Your Lordships to command , Your Honours most obliged , &c. diverse of this sort . Subscriptions indeed as common as Hackney horses on Dunstable rode , to meaner persons than Barons , or Knights either , onely leaving out Honour and Lordship . But Your thrice humble servant , and the like , I have often heard from such as ( I presume ) understood not the word . From Gentleman to Gentleman , if equall , and acquainted , then Your assured friend to serve you , Your truly respective friend , or the like . But if lesse acquainted , or different in degree , There is so much service professed , as they forget all friendship . Nothing then but Your servant , Your humble servant , Sir , at your command , and the like innumerable , which I leave to observation and practice . Onely take this by the way , that one of inferiour ranke writing to a person eminent in degree above him , by the Lawes of our best Secretaries , shall commonly write his name at the foot of all the Letter , or paper , be it never so large , and the contents never so small , to shew his acknowledgement of distance . The other subscription about middle distance , betweene the body of the Letter , and the name . And that either double or single , as occasion is offered of your expression , and the quantity of space , or void paper . Sometime they make it in a treble space , by interposing My Lord , or Sir , or noble , or worthy Sir , and the like , according to their degree . From an inferiour person to a Baronet or Knight , Your Worships most humble servant , Your Worships to command in all due respect , and the like . The same is to bee observed in one of meane ranke , to an Esquire , especially if of worth , or any wise eminent . To or between men of ordinary quality , whether under the title of Gentlemen , Citizens and tradesmen , or the like , the usuall subscription of Your loving friend , Your very loving friend , Your assured , Your faithfull , Your true , ( and sometime , Your respective friend , for change , or where the party written to hath the odds in estimation ) is most commendable . In briefe notes , no more but Yours , N. N. To a Gentleman of ordinary quality from an inferiour person , Your servant , Yours to command , &c. To an adversary , Yours as you use me . Yours to use , but not abuse . Yours if you please ; if not , mine owne . Yours as I see cause . Yours when not mine owne , and the like , as your judgement , and the occasion offered shall suggest . To a servant under hire , from a Gentleman of ranke , onely his name . To such as are tyed to lesse servile conditions , or from Masters which are of meaner degree , Your loving Master , Your very loving Master , Your assured &c. To a retainer only , or voluntary waiter , Your loving friend , N. N. &c. To a parent , Your dutifull , Your most dutifull , or , Most dutifull and respective , Dutifull and most obedient , till death , &c. whether sonne or daughter . To a child , Your loving father , Your affectionate mother : Affectionate is likewise much used between friend and friend , especially Lovers . Your truly carefull , &c. diverse in this kinde , which we leave to observation . And thus much for subscriptions . Having thus written or subscribed your Letter , date it from such or such a place , and set down the day of the moneth , and ( if much distance interposeth the writer and the party written to ) the yeare , after the usuall manner of dating . The place allotted for the date is in the margent space , just under the superscription , or title , a little beneath the body of the Letter . This done , fold up your Letter after a decent order , and seale it . To a person of quality we usually propose it in a large fold , kept very faire . To others at your owne discretion , especially of equals . Now therefore onely resteth , that we say somwhat of indorsements , or outward superscriptions , and so commit them to the Post . Your title on the indorsement to a Lord shall be , To the right Honourable , Thomas ( or whatsoever other Christian name ) Lord such or such an one , adding the highest of his titles , at such a place , these present . To the right honourable and his very good Lord , of or from one of any dependance . To the right honourable and most noble , Most renowned , Right illustrious , &c. multitudes of Epithetes in this kinde . To a Baronet from a Gentleman , To his most honoured friend , Sir N. N. and Much honoured and most noble friend , Most worthy , Very noble , Renowned , &c. as you 〈◊〉 think fit . The same we commonly use to any other Knight : but especially to a Baronet is appropriate the title of Honoured . From a person of meaner quality , To the right worshipfull , Sir N. N. at such a place , &c. If in any familiarity , To the right worshipfull and his most honoured friend , &c. From an inferiour person , To the right worshipfull and most worthy Sir N. N. or the like , leaving out friend . From one Esquire or Gentleman to another , various , in respect of intimacy , degree , affection , or courtesie : To his noble friend : To his worthy , approved , much respected , much esteemed , much honoured ; and to meaner , Very loving , &c. From an inferiour person to an Esquire or Gentleman of worth , To the worshipfull : The rest he may take out of the precedent Epithetes . From a Gentleman to such an one , To his loving friend , &c. To a parent , To my most endeared &c. Father , Or Mother : To a child , To my loving sonne or daughter ; To my deare , or tenderly respected , or beloved , may do well enough from a mothers affection . From one inferiour person to another , To my loving , To my very loving , To my approved friend , and the like of this sort best befits . To an adversary , For Sir such an one at such a place , For Mr , or Goodman so or so : For Tho. For Richard , &c. according to the quality of the writer , and the person written to . Onely setting his name with his common attribute , the place whither it is directed , with For , instead of To his , or my &c. And now I think it will be time to conclude , for the Carrier is in hast . This therefore shall suffice to satisfie our present purpose concerning this subject . Onely take this by way of peroration . 1 Let your Letter be kept faire , without blots , or soiling , especially to one of superiour rank . 2 Be cautious , by way of Orthography , to write true English . 3 And lastly , ( what I have often instanced ) let your Letters be succinct and pithie ; A quality incommendable estimation and practice among our moderne Secretaries ; and no lesse pursued among the ancient Latines . For who in his familiar Epistles more succinct than Cicero ? In Orations , and otherwise , who more profuse ? The rest I leave to observation , easily enough to be acquired , since many of our Secretaries have a singular faculty in that kinde . This I have written for such as want instructions ; for those that be better able to help themselves , I shall be glad and thankfull to be instructed by them . Non omnia possumus . I confesse it incident to humane imperfection , and to my selfe most peculiar . But Nihil est pudoris vel discere , vel melius addiscere . At least alwayes so reputed by me . S. D. Laus Deo. FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A19762e-4790 ab , eb , ib , ob , ub abe , ebe , ibe , obe . abd , ebd , ibd , obd , ubd . abs , ebs , &c. abt , ebt . ac , ec , ic , oc , uc . ace , &c. ach . ack , &c. act , &c. ad , &c. adde . ade . ades . ads . adst . af , &c. afe . afes . aft . ag . age . agh . aght . agn . ah , oh . ahn. ake . ac , ack , ack'd , ack't al , &c. ale . all . ald . alch . alge . alf . alk . alm . aln . alp . alse . alsh . alt . alth . alve . am . ame . amme . amb. amn . amp. an. anne . ane . ance . anch ▪ anth. auk . and . ang. ange . angth . anst. ap. ape . appe . appes . aph. apt ▪ ique . ar. are . arre . arce . arch . ard . arb. arfe . arg. arge . arke . arle . arm . arn . arp . arse . arres . arsh . art . artch . ath . arth . arve . arx . as . ase . as●d . as●e . ash . ask . asme . asp . ast . at . ate . ates , atch , at s , ave , aves , ax . aze . ba . be . bi . bo . bu . bda . bla . ble . bli . blo . blu . bra . bre . bri . bro . bru . ca. ce . ci . co . cu. Cha. Chra . &c Cra. cre . cri . cro . cru . Cla cle. cli . clo. clu . Da. de . di . do . du . Dra. dre . dri . dro . dru . Dwa. Fa. fe . fi . fo. fu . Fla. fle . fli . flo . flu . Fra. fre . fri . fro . fru . Ga. go . gu . ge . gi . Gha . ghe . gho . Gla. gli . gle . glo . Gna . Gra. gre . gri . gro. gru . Gua. Ha. he . hi . ho . hu . Ia. Ie. Io. Iu. Ka. ke . ki . ko . ku . Kna. kne . kni . kno . knu . La. le . li . lo . lu . Ma. me . mi . mo . mu. Mna . Na. ne . ni . no . nu . Pa. pe . pi . po . pu . Pha. Phra. Pla. ple . pli . plo . plu . Pra . pre . pri . pro . pru . Psa. Qua. que . qui . quo . Ra. re . ri . ro . ru . Rha. Sa. se . si . so . su . Sca. sce . sci . sco . scu . Ska . sko . sku . ske . ski . scha . scra. scre . scri . sha . she . shi . sho . shu . shra. sla . sle . sli . slo . slu . Sma . sme . smi . smo . smu . Sna . sne . sni . sno . snu . spa . spe . spi . spo . spu . squa . squi . sta . ste . sti . sto . stu . stra . stre . stri . stro . stru . swa . swe . swi . swo . swu . Ta . te . ti . to . tu . Tha. the . thi . tho . thu . Thra. thre . thri . thro . thru . Thwa. Tra. tre . tri . tro . tru . Twa . Va. ve . vi . vo . vu . Wa. we . wi . wo . Wha . whe . whi . who . Wra . wre . wri . wro . wru . Xa . xe . xi . Ya . ye . yo . Za. ze . These hard words mentioned are wittingly omitted , perceiving the volume to arise to too big a bulk beyond the Authour his intention or expectation . 
A43692	----	Grammatical drollery consisting of poems & songs wherein the rules of the nouns & verbs in the accendence are pleasantly made easy, for the benefit of any that delight in a tract of this nature / by W. Hickes. Hickes, William, fl. 1671. 1682 Approx. 173 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 63 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2009-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A43692 Wing H1887 ESTC R34461 14445002 ocm 14445002 102357 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A43692) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 102357) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1060:14) Grammatical drollery consisting of poems & songs wherein the rules of the nouns & verbs in the accendence are pleasantly made easy, for the benefit of any that delight in a tract of this nature / by W. Hickes. Hickes, William, fl. 1671. [2], 117 p. Printed for Tho. Fox ..., London : 1682. In verse. Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. 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Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Grammar -- Early works to 1800. Humorous poetry, English -- Early works to 1800. 2008-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2008-12 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2009-01 John Pas Sampled and proofread 2009-01 John Pas Text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion GRAMMATICAL Drollery , Consisting of POEMS & SONGS . Wherein the RULES of the NOVNS & VERBS IN THE ACCEDENCE Are pleasantly made Easie , FOR THE Benefit of any that delight in a Tract of this Nature . By W. H. ickes LONDON : Printed for Tho. Fox , and are to be sold at the 〈◊〉 and at the Star in Westminster-hall . 1682 GRAMMATICAL Drollery . The Adverbs Quarrel . THe Adverbs had a Quarrel , as they say : Says ubi , Where ? in what place , I pray ? Says ibi , There ; and in that very place Where u and i by u receiv'd disgrace . Then Mr. hic did plainly say , 't was here : Yes , yes , says istic , in that very place ; 't was there . One askt whe'r 't was within doors or without : Says intus , 'T was within doors , without doubt . No , no , says foris , I 'm certain 't was abroad , Where some o' th' Adverbs were severely claw'd . Then one did ask 'em , when began the Fray : My troth , says honest hodie , 't was to day . Says cras , I fear 't will last to morrow too , There are such adverse Adverbs in the Crew . Alas , says perindi● , ( without laughter ) I fear 't will last until the day after . Says heri , Yesterday I heard something on 't . Say olim , In times past 't was their wont . Says aliquando , Sometimes now and then Such Jars happen ' mongst such kind of men . And 't was of late so , says nuper then , And may , says mox be by and by agen . Says statim , Presently , for ought I know . Says cito , Quickly let 's prepare to go . Repente cries , We suddenly must depart ; And subito therein did take his part . Ocyus said , We quick must hast away : Yes , says jam and modo , just now we say . But alias for another time did plead . Says forsan , Perhaps you 'll repent the deed . Says lente , Hast makes wast , go slowly on ; We 've a weighty matter to think upon . Says quamdiu then , How long shall we stay ? Diu says , A long while , make no hast away . Quotidie , day by day , ill News doth hear . I 'll stay , says donec , till the coast be clear . Vnde askt from whence comes all this prate ? From hence , says hinc ; we 're all unfortunate . Illinc said , From thence , istinc , from that place Where you and I a Mistriss had in chace . Whither shall we flie , says quo ? Hither , says huc . Illuc says , Thither , or you 'll have ill luck . Yes , says istuc , to that place . Says alio , To another , or I shall fail you , ho. This Jarring then did breed such a puther , Aliquo bids go to some place or other . Which way , says qua ? let us well advise . Says illac , That way take , or y' are not wise . Faith , says quacunque , which way soere you go , You 'll be beset on all sides with the Foe . How to behave my self , says qualiter , I know not ; but am resolv'd to rail at her Has been the cause on 't . Says poor primum , First I 'll to th' trees , and then I 'll climb 'um To be out of danger , I 'm so perplext . Says Inde , Then be sure I 'll be the next To follow ye . After , says deinde , I 'll follow too , knew I where to find ye . Lastly , says denique , Let 's go together , In regard we 're all Birds of a Feather . And then came in a very scurvy cur , Askt 'em why they then made such a stir ? Then all did call him cur , which made him cry , And why cur , says he ? because cur is why . Says quare , Wherefore do ye jar ? I fear you 'll hear ( alas ) too much of War. Quorsum then did ask 'em to what end They quarrelled , and whither did it tend ? Says heus , Heark ye : so said ehodum too , What 's the cause ye make so much ado ? Truly , says profecto , y' are all to blame . Indeed , says sane , I do say the same . Says minime , You must in no wise jar Nequaquam , by no means , lest't prove a War. I would to God , says utinam , you were As good friends as when ye came here . Sodes and amabo , of all loves did entreat ; And eia said , Go to , unless you 'll all be beat . Says age , Well , una together with me , Will try if we can make 'em all agree . Now 's the time , says nunc , or else never ; Not onely now , says non modo , but ever . 'T is always good , says semper , to be quiet , Else you 'll surely get but little by it . Seorsim doth advise to go apart One after another , lest they all do smart . Yes , says imo : and potius said , he had rather Go one by one , than go altogether . Poor fere said , he almost fear'd to go ; And hand was scarcely brought unto it too . Then ecce he came in , and 's Brother en , Saying ( behold ) here 's none but jangling men . Perhaps , says forte , and fortuito , You may repent it , yea , and rue it too . So also said their Brother , good fortassis , And call'd 'em all a Crew of drunken Asses . Veluti and sicut said , They act as 't were Like mad men as they go every where . And sic likewise did say the very same , And so fell sick , to see all out of frame . One askt how sic did : was told , So , so . That 's sic : sic , says he ? then he 's ill I know . Quasi said , Although they were to blame , Something might be done their Brains to tame . Says quomodo , But how can it be done ? Says bene , Well , let each take a Gun And force 'em to 't . Recte said , 't was rightly spoke : Optime said , 't was best way not provoke . Fortiter then strongly spoke , saying , Let us Quickly prevent 'em , lest they beset us . This made fortius more valiant to declare ; And fortissime most valiant to prepare ' Gainst any assault that might attack 'em : Which made the major part begin to back ' um . And docte being learn'd , then began To give the Character of every man. But male then being of an evil mind , Did joyn with pessime , the worst inclin'd To peace of any : Which sicut hearing , Said , 't was like as a War appearing . And so said ceu , As sicut , so say I : So says tanquam , velut , and all that fry . Says multum , nay , it much doth grieve me ; And plurimum , very much believe me . But parum little cared for what they said ; And minimum the least of all in dread . And magis more than all the rest let fly Likewise at tam , but maxime especially . Paululum a little while did weep To see his Brethren laid by War to sleep . Minus was less griev'd than all the rest , Which prope that was nigh , could not digest . Valde greatly did bemoan their fate , And told 'em , they 'd be all unfortunate . Nimium said , they were too much inclin'd To mischief , and bid 'em change their mind . Propius and proxime came near'st of all To make an end of this inhumane Brawl . And admodum did very much desire To put an end to this Intestine Fire . Then satis came , and cry'd , Enough , enough , We may ere long have cause to make proof Of your undaunted Courages : till then Let 's all shake hands , and be friends agen . Then num and nunquid , both together Came to 'em , and did ask 'em whether They resolv'd to agree : belissime Most fairly spoke , said , Yes , come kiss ye me , I 'll begin : I 'll second you then , says tunc , And for this , to night I 'll make ye drunk , And declare , though you were lately Madverbs , Y' are now become agen sober Adverbs . And affatim abundantly did spend To make 'em quiet : They all call'd him friend While there : but being gone , said affatim Was a kind fool , and did laugh at him . Which vix could scarce put up , being his friend ; But at the last he did : and there 's an end . The POSTSCRIPT . And being all asate i' th' Adverbs Hall , Doctissime , the most learn'd of all , Did make a Preposition to invite All the Conjunctions thither that night , To joyn together in this Harmonie . They all cry'd out aloud , So let it be . And eke the Interjections , if 't should chance A sudden passion too far advance , They may asswage it ( as 't is often seen ) By casting in some moderate words between . Then all with one accord agen did cry , Doctissime , that spake so learnedly , Shall be our Chair-man , let 's mount him high . They were so very drunk , the Neighbours say , They fell asleep i' th' Hall , and there they lay . By which I find , that four o' th' parts of Speech Were drunk that night , to soder up the Breach . The Battle of the Verbs . THe Quarrel of the Adverbs being known , The Verbs were much concerned every one , And in a fury 'gan to take 't to heart , ' Cause every one would take his servants part : For to the Verbs they are servants all , And obedient to their Masters call . For without them they neither dare nor can Speak Sence or Reason unto any man. Just like those Nouns called Adjectives , Who truckle still unto their Substantives . Then impero their great Commander , he Who was the chiefest in Authoritie , Commanded jubeo for to summon all The Verbs together , both great and small , With all their Arms that they ere did use On such a day at a Rendezvouze . Colligo gathers them ; and duco being made Their Captain , them to th' Fight doth lead . Incipio doth begin the Battle , and Valiant pugno fights him hand to hand . Clango commands the Trumpet then sound out ; But clamo he cries all the field about , Poor timeo is afraid , and fugio shuns The Battle , sequor follows , curro runs ; Cedo gives ground ; which made bold juro swear , And often call'd for vocito to hast the rear . Juvo , though long , at last doth bring him aid ; Yet amo's being in love , made him afraid . He then bid doceo teach him how to weild His sword : Lego said , 't was read to him i' th' field . And I , says audio , then did hear the same . Troth , says accuso , then he 's much to blame . Induo was bid to put his Armour on ; And incito to stir up , was wrought upon . Immediately poor jugulo's Throat was cut ; Says instigo , he egg'd me on to do 't . Lacco lay hid behind a Quickset-hedge ; Which video seeing , set his Teeth an edge To make complaint . Says haurio , You will draw An odium on your self : which when cerno saw , He bid lacesso not provoke too much ; ' Twou'd put , says pono , courage in a Dutch Man in the next Line . Liveo then was beat Quite black and blue , by retro's back-retreat . And salio then over the Ditch would leap ; But aio said , it was too broad and deep . Dimico in skirmish , got two wounds that bled ; And at his feet poor morior soon lay dead . Sepelio buried him , fodio dig'd his Grave , And honest scribo writ his Epitaph . Which stir'd up excito to fight agen ; And voco call'd him valiantest of men . Bless me , says beo , how valiantly he fought ! And jubilo for very joy did shout . Caedo , whoere he met , did beat 'em all ; And at the last he made poor cado fall . Candeo then 'gan to look white with fear ; But horreo dreaded nothing , as I hear . Amplector says , I do embrace the Fight ; And aperio did open to the left and right . Altercor 'gan to wrangle with them all ; Which made arcesso presently go to call Augeo , who did rather increase than stop This Jarring ; that it stir'd honest cieo up To speak to vulgo , that he would publish round The field , that the Enemy then gave ground . This made fremo roar , and furo to be mad To follow them . But hortor did exhort that they ▪ Should not do 't : yet propero did hast away . Increpo began to blame him much indeed , And jurgo chid him soundly for that deed . Then blatero 'gan to babble like an Ass , That calco kickt him as by'im he did pass . Then cogo swore he 'd force 'em for to fight ; And cito summon'd them all that very night . Lugeo did mourn , and pray'd there might be peace ; And cudo coin'd a Lye to make 'em cease Fighting : which made mad execror to curse . Ejulo and ploro too did wail , fearing 't wou'd be worse . Duro said that he 'd endure unto the end , But damno condemn'd him for it , like a friend . Fingo did feign a Lye that he might be gone ; But censeo censur'd him for it , and every one Besides . Hio began to gape for breath , they say , And halo wanted breath that very day . Macto began to kill without remorse , And paro did prepare to meet his Force . Then paveo dreaded this might mischief bring ; And pendo and pendeo did weigh every thing In the Ballance of Justice : Says oleo , I smell There 's Traytors amongst us ; says tumeo , I swell With grief to think on 't ; and so did turgeo too ; Says suspicio , I suspect it as well as you , And blam'd vitupero much , that was the cause on 't : Then volo he was forc't to flie upon 't . Nego deny'd that he had any hand in it : Says scrutor , I 'll search it out within this minit . Trunco then did mangle all came near him , And trudo thrust so strong , that all did fear him . Temno did despise all danger that might come , And vibro brandisht out his Sword , and lookt grum Upon 'em all . Vito to avoid this storm , Hid himself in a hollow Tree , ( poor worm ! ) And viso likew●se went to visit him there . At last vulgo publisht abroad where they were . Rogo and peto askt pardon for their fault , Because they fear'd they might be brought To punishment . And quatio 'gan to shake ; Vlciscor swore that he revenge would take : Which made ululo howl for very grief , Until that venio did come to his relief . Vindico did challenge any there to fight , Which renuo did refuse at the first sight . Propago did think the Fight for to prolong ; And probro being then among the throng , Did approve what he had said . And pateo he Lay open to these slanders , which made him flee . Repo did creep from thence into a Wood ; Which veto forbid , saying , ' twoud do no good . Dormio then told 'em he must sleep a while : Yes , yes , says cumbo , lie down on that Pile Of Bavins . Says exu● , Then put off too Your Arms ; 'T is best , says facio , so to do . Says cupio , Then faith now I covet drink : I believe 't , says credo ; but where 's the Chink Must purchase it ? Says do , I give it him . Come then , says pleo , fill it to the brim . Bold scindo then was cut into the brain , And fluo swore the bloud flow'd out amain . Says frico , Rub his temples well , be sure , And I , says precor , will pray for his cure . Which made poor horreo then to dread the Fight ; And gaudio did rejoyce when out of sight . Gemo began to groan , being wounded sore : Says bibo , Let him drink a little more O' th' Cordial . But mutio muttering by , Frango did break his head immediately . Foveo did cherish all this bleeding Crew , And nutrio he nourisht some of them too . Foeteo did stink for fear , when he did see Ferio strike down another . And fugo he As well as his Brother fugio , flies . And flo , With fighting long , began to puff and blow Fleo did weep extreamly for to see Flagito to beg for 's life so earnestly . I must confess that fateor got renown ; And fatigo was weary too with looking on . Fido did trust too much unto his broken blade , Which made festino hasten unto his aid . Fallo did deceive 'em all : for when he found The Bullets hiss , he fell upon the ground , That honest cogito did think him dead ; Experior too did try to rub his head . Doleo griev'd that Death should thus oretake him ; Yet expergiscor did at last awake him . Exerceo then did exercise his Crew ; But he like desero did forsake him too . Festo stood to it , advenio then comes to him ; Which when obsecro saw , he then did woo him To invade bold ingruo : But scandeo he Did climb for safety on an Oaken-tree . Then simulo did counterfeit a wound or two ; Singultio likewise sobs to see him so . Ario being dry , did wish his inside wetter ; No matter , says ardeo , you 'll burn the better . I was betray'd , says prodo , to this dismal day ; Yet prurio's fingers itcht to fight , they say . Pungo was prickt toth ' heart , when upon him Premo did press ; yet vinco overcome him . Meo unto the Battle hast doth make , But desino doth the Field forsake . Spiro to breathe , doth forbear to smite ; But crafty evito doth escape the Fight . Miror in wonder standing much amaz'd , And faint aspicio on the Battle gaz'd . Supero did overcome whoere he met ; And gratulor did the valiant Hero greet . Spero did hope well ; sperno despis'd all flight , Though redeo returned wounded from the Fight . Stringo did strain himself to overcome Bold pulso , who quickly struck him down . Then tono thundred in with might and main To help succurro , which was almost slain . Ferreo waxt hot by all these great Alarms , And fido trusts more to his feet than arms . Dimitto sent a Bullet then so right , The Powder scorcht poor ustulo that night . Luxo then put his arm quite out of joynt , That ungo was forc'd at last it to anoint . Erro mistook the place , and wander'd up and down , And equito after him rod from Town to Town . Corusco's arms glister'd in the fight that day , And mico's shin'd likewise , as some do say . Metuo did fear to meet too , as I hear , Yet at last with misceo mingled in the rear : And occulo did hide himself behind a Tree , Which monstro shew'd to all the companie . Sad verto turn'd from one side to the other , And muto chang'd too , as if he were his Brother . Nuo did nod his head at some were there , That neco almost kill'd him when he came neer . But mulceo did asswage his fury then , And paco striv'd to appease all these men . Though congruo advis'd them to agree , And allur'd Lacio of his party to be , Yet cingo girds his Sword about him then , And jungo joyns with other marshal men . Ausculto hearkens what they meant to do ; Emo buys Armour to defend him too . Titubo did stumble by his too much hast , Vacillo stagger'd too , they strook so fast . Laedo was hurt , and 's Brother noceo too ; And tueor defends himself with much ado . Tego was cover'd with a gallant Shield , Yet being beat by verbero , made him yield . Plango did much lament his grievous chance , ' Cause ico smote him with his direful Lance. Ruo did rush into that furious Fight , Which did , they say , poor terreo much affright . Sarcio did patch his Armour , 't was so old ; And demo took 't away , he was so bold . Languio did languish ' cause his wounds were deep ; And serpo from the Battle soon did creep . Bold voveo vow'd that he 'd have Armour on ; Which obliviscor forgot , till all was done . Palleo lookt very pale , and wou'd a fled ; but Undaunted teneo soundly held him to 't . Findo did cleave his Enemies scull that day ; Yet medeor made a shift to heal't , they say . Formido did dread to come into the Fight , And culpo blam'd him for 't , they say , that night . Voco did call on vado to go on ; Poor labo faints , when jaceo cast him down : But recupero recover'd incontinent ; For spero gave him hope , being almost spent . As I live , says vivo , statuo did appoint Me Ensigne , in regard I first did win 't . Nosco said , he knew it ; mentior swore he ly'd ; Then acuo whets his sword that hung by 's side . Peace , peace , says taceo ; sudo sweat for fear , And surgo rose and fled into the rear . Singultio then began to sob , they say , Because provoco challeng'd him that day . Cubo fell down , and capio did him take Up agen , when he could hardly speak . Frendeo then did gnash with 's teeth so hard , It drove away poor pello from the Guard. Come , says invenio , I do clearly find Maneo did well to tarry still behind : For incendo here has set us all on fire ; And I 'll begin , says inchoo to retire . Oro prays heartily that it may succeed ; Says indico , I 'll shew you a way with speed . Consulo's counsel they did not dispise ; Condono said , he 'd pardon his Enemies . Fascino thought he was bewitcht he swore ; But patio said , that he had suffered more Than all . Impertio did impart to 'em all ; And I command , says mando , great and small . Obedio vow'd that he 'd the first obey , And Moneo did admonish the same way . Says Narro , I will tell it round the field ; Nolo , though unwilling , yet at last doth yield . And volo was as willing , I do protest ; But malo was more willing than all the rest . I have a mind , says habeo , for to joyn With all this Crew . Says rego , And I 'll resigne My Rule . Sto was at a stand , and gaz'd about ; And certo striv'd to draw this Rabble-rout To some Agreement . At last loquor's Speech Did by degrees soder up the Breach . Tho praedico did preach before in vain , And suadeo did perswade with might and main , And fungo did discharge his duty right , And he with unio caus'd them all unite , And dico said , 'T was best from War to cease , And sancio he establish did a Peace , And solvo paid 'em for their service done , And jurgo chid those from fight did run , Finio the Battle ends : yet most do say , Though jacto brag'd , yet vinco won the day . Numero did number all then were slain , And opto wisht't might nere be so again . Parco was very glad that he was spar'd ; And partio did divide the spoil was shar'd . Irascor was angry , and began to fret , ' Cause adsum was not present when they met . I was , says eram , and am glad to see A Reconciliation so like to be . Then salto danc'd , and ludo 'gan to play On 's Instrument for joy of that happy day . We had better , says lavo , wash our Throats than cut 'em : And tundo knockt for Liquor ; which was brought ' m. Yet turgeo and tumeo 'gan to swell , ' Cause placeor was not pleased very well . Says veto , Jove forbid that we agen Should fight : To which they all did cry , Amen . The Concords . THe Interjections living so near the Concords , Were , as I 'm told , the onely strong Cords To tye 'em up from War ; came in I find In some vehement passion of the mind , And affection also : and before they went , Brought in the three Concords to that intent . The first was Nominative case and Verb , Who striv'd their unbridled passions to curb , By saying , Yet we ne'r did disagree , But liv'd in love , concord , and harmonie In affections ; and so I hope will ye : For we in Case Number and Person still agree . Then the Substantive , who was substantial , Came with 's Adjective at the very first call , Who said , that in Case Gender and Number they Did never disagree , nor disobey Their Superiours , and were each a sure friend , As amicus certus can tell , to the end , In any doubtful matter whatsoere , Witness in re incerta cernitur . So we hope in this brangling matter , To bring 't so to pass all Feuds may scatter Like the dust before the wind . And then Came in the Relative with 's Antecedent , when The other two were endeavouring to compose That great difference where ev'ry one were foes . The Relative said , I 've Relations there : And I , says the Antecedent , shou'd a come here Before the Relative ; but I 'm glad he 's there . Then 't was related to the Relative , how It did begin . Says the Antecedent , Now We will endeavour to make 'em all agree , And adde one Concord more to th' other three . Then they both being together , Did very seriously ask 'em whether They'd adde another Concord to th' three before : If so , then you must never quarrel more . To which they did concord , cum tota mente , With a large Huzza , Nemini Contradicente . The Conjunctions . WHen the Adverbs Quarrel began to cease , The Conjunctions striv'd to make a Peace , With the help of the Prepositions , And their Neighbours the Interjections . Which being done , the Conjunctions they Striv'd to prevent such another day : And by a Conjunction did all agree For the future to live in amitie . And so did joyn some sentences and words Together , and what their Store-house affords , To give some reason that they ought no more To quarrel as others did heretofore . Says et , And I will joyn w' ye in the same . Says quae , And I ; or else I were to blame . Says quoque also , I 'll stick by ye still . Says ac and atque , And also 't was their will. Says nec , Neither I nor my Brother neque ; We 'll break our necks ere we 'll forsake ye . And these coupled themselves then for that end , That they might still be each others friend . Though the Disjunctives did at first disjoyn From the last , yet now to quietness incline . And aut , to excuse himself , said , 'T was either Ve , vel , seu , sive , or he knew not whether That did disjoyn 'em ; but now all do desire To stick close unt' ye to quench the fire . But then the Discretives , that were discreeter Than the other , did say , It was meeter For all to be friends . Says quidem Truly I've often known Disjunctives much unruly . But sed and autem , vero , at , and ast , Thought themselves the Buts , they 'd shoot at last . The Causals then resolv'd next to speak , And thought they 'd cause enough their mind to break : For says nam , namque , enim , and etenim , That some o' th' Adverbs then did threaten 'em ; But know not what for . Says quia , 'T was because ( And so said quoniam ) some had broke the Laws . Says ut , That may be : And quod said That was so . Says quum , Sith that I no Tony am ; And so said quando , that was set for quoniam . Says the Conditionals , On this condition You 'll never more have any division ; We 'll speak for ye . Says si , If I do Believe their ifs and ands agen , let me rue It. Says sin , But if they should first begin , Then at their door I 'm sure does lie the sin . Says modo , So that they 'll but let us alone ; And so said dum , and dummodo , and every one , We 'll never differ more . Says dum , They told me then , That I should marry Dido , Carthage Queen ; But 't was by the very consent of some O' th' Gerunds . To make it up , di , do , dum . The Exceptives then some Exceptions made , As ni , and nisi , being both of one Trade , Said , Except they leave off thus to abuse us , We can't endure long to be us'd thus . Then says alioquin , and praeterquam , Except that they do this , we mean to firk ' um . Then says quin , But I neither except that , Or any thing that 's otherwise , that 's flat . The Interogatives then were took to task , And were resolv'd some Questions to ask . And first , says ne , an , utrum , whether You do intend to speak altogether , Or singly ? Nay , says necne , Whether or no : And so says anne : Says nonne , Is 't not so ? The Illatives then were for bringing in Some novel Custom , that had long been Out of use . Says ergo , Therefore : ideo , Igitur , itaque , and proin , bid ye , ho , To bring in nothing that was against Law. Says quare , Wherefore should they do 't ? thy're raw That do desire it . Then the Adversatives , Who had been very adverse all their lives , And were against every thing that 's good , Now did no more desire to deal in blood : For says etsi , quanquam , quamvis , and licet , Although we hated Peace , yet now we prize it . And before 'em all , says esto , Be it so : And so shall all the rest say 'fore we go . The Redditives then said , That they 'd restore Whatere they had unjustly gotten ; nay , more To be quiet . Says attamen and tamen , Notwithstanding that many does blame men For their wickedness : Yet the Electives say , With quam , How glad are we to see this day ! The Diminutives also did confess , That they endeavour'd to make all things less Than they were , thereby to have quietness . Says saltem at least , and so says honest vel , They were glad to see all things now so well . The Prepositions . A Preposition most commonly is set Before other parts i' th' Grammar-Alphabet . Then why the Adverbs and Conjunctions should be Set before it , a wonder is to me : For he in Apposition can do much , And in Opposition too has a touch . For he to 's Father , if he please , can say , Ad Patrem ; and when he has done , go his way . Likewise in opposition is very bold With the rest of 's Brethren , as I 've been told . And then for composition , none can be So great an Artist in that Trade as he , As indoctus , though unlearn'd , said to me . 'T was he that great composition made To th' Adverbs , when they that great quarrel had ; And privately was the cause , they say , That the Verbs themselves fought no more that day : And call'd to all of them that were his Crew , That they in that thing should joyn with him too . And first , says ad , I 'll adde to any thing Which may indeed peace and quietness bring . And I will be , says apud , at the same ; And they that do it not , are much to blame . Then were adversus , and 's Brother adversum , Against fighting too : but said , There were some That delighted in 't , and they could rehearse ' um . Yes , says cis and citra on this side the street , Many often about it together did meet . Yes , says trans , on the further side too ; But they at my request , themselves withdrew . Then says circa , circiter , and circum , About that time we were us'd to jerk 'um For it . I was , says contra , on t'other part , And did contrary them in all their Art. As I went , says erga , towards 'em too , I forc'd 'em to peace , do all they could do . And versus towards 'em went , as I have heard , And took the untoward and pluck'd 'em by the beard . I was , says extra , without when 't was done : And I , says intra , within when 't was begun . I was just then , says inter , between ye both , And was much troubled to see 'em all in wrath . And I was then , says infra , beneath ye all , Yet not so far as to be out of call . I was , says pone , behind ; ye cou'd not see Me at all : I stood behind a Tree . And I was also , says prope , nigh to , Yet was seeing for a place to flie to . But I was , says supra , above ye all , I mean , i' th' Room which is above the Hall. And I was , says ultra , beyond the rest , To sleep in a whole skin I thought it best . And I , says per , by too ; but through my desire For peace , did endeavour to quench the fire . I was then , says secus , by or nigh to , But I 'll assure ye had no mind to die too . Says juxta , And besides I was nigh to , and Ob , For some reasons , which you 'll understand . I had it , says penes , in my power either To set 'em by the Ears together , Or to make peace ; truth is , I car'd not whether . Says praeter , Besides , or except I had been there , Great mischief wou'd a been done , I dare swear : For I being praetor , that 's Lord-Mayor , you know , Kept 'em in aw , and brought 'em all to my bow . Last , says secundum , According to what you 've said , Your will with me shall always be obey'd . Then the Propositions broke up their Court , And all to their own Stations did resort . The Interjections . AN Interjection is a part , I find , Which concerns a sudden passion o' th' mind : But 't is under an imperfect voice , I hear , ( That is to say , within their proper Sphere . ) Some are so merry , they 're to mirth inclin'd : Says evax , vah , hey brave ! We 'll not be confin'd : Can they want any thing that are merry ? Come , Boy , fill us a lusty Cup of Sherry . Some are with sorrow attended , still they say , As heu , Alas ! and says hui , Welladay ! Some are possest with dread ; says atat , Out alas , What shall we do , being brought to this pass ? Some are of marvelling too ; which argues change : And all do cry still with papae , O strange ! Some are of shunning , and all back will run , And boldly say with 〈◊〉 avant , Be gone . And of pratling 〈…〉 says euge , Well done . And some of 〈…〉 ' ●is very true , Who all do cry 〈…〉 hoop , whoo ! And so●… 〈…〉 and oft cry Foh ; And with 〈…〉 proh , cry Oh : As ô preceptor●… 〈…〉 ●ras ? O , Master , why 〈…〉 me ? Alas , alas ! And proh 〈…〉 Fidem ! O the Faith o● 〈…〉 to guide ' em ! And some 〈…〉 delight , I see ; And all say lik● 〈…〉 vae , Wo t' ye . And all the 〈…〉 therein , Saying , Woe 〈…〉 that shall quarrel agen , And wish they may go all down quick to th' Pit : Then says all the rest . Amen , So be it . The Gerunds . THere be also belonging to th' Infinitive Mood Of Verbs , certain Voices ( to be understood ) Call'd Gerunds , having all their endings in Di , do , dum ; and so of long time have bin : As amandi , of loving . 'T is very true , A man die of loving , 't is nothing new . Amando , in loving , is brought to 's end . I saw a man do much in that to 's friend . Amandum , to love ; that 's more than all the rest . When a man is dumb , how can's mind be exprest ? And as di , do , dum , all their endings are , And when they do die , they 're dumb , I 'll swear : For after death , there 's few speak any where , As I 've been told by some o' th' Neighbours there . For those di do endings bring 'em to their ends ; And therefore enemies to 'em , and not friends . And when they do die , as being Gerunds , Then Mr. Death does send 'em of his Errands . The Supines . THere do also belong unto Verbs , two Supines ; and that they may have their due , One ending in um , which is call'd the first , But the other in u , which is much the worst . The first is of the Active Regiment , And clearly to love and loving is bent : And where-ever he goes , says eo amatum , I go to love , and not to cheat ' um . But that in u is rugged , harsh , severe , And very hard to be loved any where , As difficilis amatu told us there . They both are descended from one Su Pine , Who was their Mother , and born under th' Line . And likewise she her self came from the Loins Of him that was the Prince o' th' Isle of Pines . They 're both of different temper , yet Brothers As if they 'd been descended from two Mothers . The Conjugations . THe Verbs have onely four Conjugations ; Which are known in this manner , in all Nations : And they are Feminines all , as I hear ; And by that time you know it , you 'll say 't is clear . First , by their names , as amare , amaris ; That is , one Mrs. Mary was Lady Mayoress . And indeed they love well three of the four , But the other they hate for evermore . And the reason why they love the first , second , & fourth , Is , because they think 'em of very much worth ; Because they 're pronounc'd long in the middle Syllable in the next line : and let the third go fiddle : For he in the middle is found to be but short , And so by consequence makes them no sport . And being Conjugations , they are wedded To the other three , but will ne'r be bedded To the third ; and I certainly know this , As long as his name is legere , legeris . Thus you 've heard the meaning of all the four Conjugations ; what need I say any more ? The Persons . THere are among the Verbs , Persons also , And very great Persons too , you must know . Their Numbers are great too , nay more than one : For there 's two numbers of 'em which are known . And seeing the numbers of 'em are so great , We 'll appoint numero them to repeat : Of which persons there is but onely three That are singular men ; which I 'll make known t' ye . That 's the most Princely Impero , Mando , And Jubeo ; which command as much as men can do . Other three there are plurally addicted , And are for more than one naturally affected ; Which is the cause that they do never marry , But Misses numberless 'bout with 'em carry . The Servants to the first , are ego , tu , ille ; Which is as much as to say , I , thou , he , Will domineer over all the Country . And the Servants o' th' last are in number the same , But not o' th' same number , yet as much fame ; And they are call'd nos , vos , illi , they say ; That is to be interpreted , we , ye , they , We 'll all be drunk as often as we may . Then ego amo , I love ; tu amas , thou lovest ; I lle amat , he loveth : Now which loves best ? The other which is called nos amamus , We love ; for which I hope you won't blame us . Vos amatis , ye love ; why shou'd ye not ? Illi amant , they love ; Love's all their lot . It had been well if all the Verbs had been so , Then we shou'd have had no fighting you know . Thus have you heard the Persons and Numbers too : So that I think I 've nothing more to do . The Pronouns courting a Mistriss . A Pronoun is a fellow much like to a Noun , And thinks himself the bravest man in Town ; And still in Poetry will be versing , But 's chief business is shewing and rehearsing . A very pretty , witty , and buxom Maid They'd lately got among 'em , as 't is said : And every one did think himself better Than the rest ; and so did strive to get her . Says ego , I am chief of all the rest , And therefore think I do deserve her best . Says tu , Thou have her ! what , ' cause y' are Foreman O' th' Jury ? Yet she knows y' are but a poor man. But here 's one call'd sui , of himself can say In 's own behalf , more than any of they . Says ille , He to my knowledge cannot break His mind : for I ne'r yet heard him speak . But here 's one Mr. ipse , the man will be , Because sh 'as long known him , ipse , he . Though ipse be the very man you speak of , Yet I say iste the match will break off , ' Cause he 's an Hermaphrodite , both he and she , So not fit for that Ladies companie . Says hic , Though iste this and that do say , Yet I hic , this man , will have her away . How , says iste , is that the man must do 't ? There 's one Mr. meus will hold him to 't : For she is , says meus , mine ; therefore I , Before I 'll lose her , am resolv'd to die . Then says tuus , Thine she shall be for me ; For I 'm resolv'd not to fight for any she . Says noster , Ours she is , and ours shall be : She is , says vester , yours , if you and I agree : For you know that whatsoever is yours , If I participate therein , 't is ours . And then began too Monsieur nostras , Who in his Country-Language was boistrous To get her from the two last , saying , She is Of our Country . Says vestras , And so 't is : For your Country is our Country , and so Our Country is your Country all do know , And so belongs unto us both ; let 's go And take her . Says cujas that was lurking by , You both lay claim to her as yours ; but I Lay claim to her , not onely as of my Country , but of my Sect too , certainly . So took her from them all , saying , Know , Who dares resist , is my perpetual foe ; And they for fear , it seems , did let her go . Then up the Court rose , and did march in May Unto their own homes , which is much , you 'll say . The Participles . A Participle doth participate With Noun and Verb in all degrees and state : With the Noun , in Gender , Case , Declension ; With the Verb , in Tense and Signification . And yet to make the wonder the bigger , Takes part with both in number and figure . There are of Participles but four kinds , Which scarce do know one anothers minds : For they never are together at one time ; Which to offer to do , wou'd be a Crime . The Present , Preter , Future in rus and dus : How , two Futures ! that 's preposterous . O , Sir , 't is most certain ; and I say yes : For is not the next year future to this ? And the third year also future to that ? So now you see there 's two futures , that 's flat . The present hath two ends to lodge at , ans And ens ; and the Landlord to th' first is amans Loving : for we know that a mans loving is The cause of his great sorrow or bliss . And as before-said , the second is call'd ens , Whose Masters name is Monsieur docens : Who is teaching of 'em all perpetually ; But those that are not present , by and by : But chiefly the present time is his aim , And every day will be to him the same . The second is praeter , who likewise has three ends In English , as d , t , n , who are his friends ; As loved , taught , slain . He has also Three ends of Latin too , which we also know , As tus , sus , xus ; as amatus , visus , nexus ; Who when we are construing , does always vex us . And another dull dead word , in uus , Which is Mr. Morio●'s Son , mortuus : He hates the present Tense ; for he 's for nought But that which is past , which he has dearly bought By vindicating that which he will ne'r see , And so to himself is a great Enemie . But that in rus , which is a Country-man , Has an active voice ( though looking wan ) By being about to love Amaturus Daughter ; That is , if not now , he 'll do 't hereafter . But that in dus doth suffer very much more Than all the other three that were before : For he scorns to love , being often moved To it ; but with amandus , to be beloved : For a man does love to be belov'd sometimes ; That is , when young Ladies are in their primes . And as they were all to Nouns and Verbs alli'd , So in their distinct seasons , were to them a Guide . They all were glad the Verbs a Peace had made ; For when they heard on 't first , were all afraid : And to the Concords for that agreement Which they had made , they in their seasons went To give 'em thanks ; and then their Healths did tipple : Which was then done by every Participle . POEMS and SONGS . A Mock-Song to Beauty . 1. MY Love is a pretty Lass As any 's in all the Town ; Her Face doth shine like Brass , And her Skin of a Tawny-brown . 2. Her Hair 's of a lovely red , With Horsegirt-Ribbands tied , And hangs about her head Like Daglocks beautified . 3. Her Forehead is low and rough , Just like a pleated Gown ; Her Ears are large and tough , And always are hanging down . 4. Her Eyes are sunk full low Into her pretty head ; From whence a Cream doth flow That over her face doth spread . 5. The one of her Eyes is large , The other is very small ; Her Mouth it is like a Barge , For length and breadth and all . 6. Her Nose of a Scarlet hue , Well set with Jems about , And all do appear in view To adorn her delicate Snout . 7. Though her Nose and Chin did jar , Yet now they are perfect friends ; And though at distance were , Now touch at both the ends . 8. Her Teeth they are black and blue , Her Tongue than the Cows more neat ; Her Lips of a silver hue , And thatcht with Hair compleat . 9. Her Neck it is thick and short , Just like our brindled Cow ; And when she sings for sport , She grunts like our old Sow . 10. Her Shoulders and Arms are strong , And both of a lusty growth ; To which her Hands do belong , That are Shoulders of Mutton both . 11. Her Back it is high and plump , That some have her Credit defil'd , By saying , that above her Rump She always did seem with Child . 12. There 's never a Girl in Town Of her Breasts can make such brags ; For they still are dangling down Like half-fill'd Pudding-bags . 13. Of her Hanches she often boasts , Because they are very fair ; Her Thighs are two Windmil-posts , So they 'd need for the weight they bear . 14. Her Legs are lovely and great , Which doth her Credit maintain ; And therefore must needs be neat , Being born in Crooked-lane . 15. And now for her pretty Feet , They can her Arms display ; But to see how her Heels do meet , Now her Toes are worn away . 16. Having heard the parts of my Dame , I now do conclude my Droll ; And having no Toes , her name Is call'd Stump-footed Moll . In praise of the Taylors trade . THe Taylors Trade is antient , all we know ; For in the first of times they learnt to sow , And made them Breeches then , and Aprons too : But was not worth a fig , to what 't is now . Threadneedle-street likewise to all is known To be the antient'st Street in London-Town . The Cross-leg'd Signe was there the first set up , And likewise there was first a Taylors shop . Their Arms are antient too , and well them fits ; Which is three Rampant Lice and a Cluster of Nits : Which Coat of Arms , with something else , hath made More Gentlemen of that , than any Trade . And now I do believe you 'd know the cause ; Have patience , and I 'll tell you how it was : An antient Gentleman that was decay'd , ( Who once had been a rich and ruffling Blade ) Brought 's Doublet to mend to a Taylors house , On which were creeping many a lusty Louse ; But one more large and rampant than the rest , Which made the Taylor think he was the best And chief of all that sharp Back-biting Crew ; Which he took up , and cut him just in two With his new Shears , and gave his Wife one half To eat , and th' other half did eat himself . And from that time did verily think that he Was a Gentleman , and of antiquitie , Because that Louse he knew had suckt before Of the antient Gentlemans blood such store . And 's Wife likewise did verily think she was A Gentlewoman too for that very cause : And so did write themselves , do all we cou'd , Because they eat so much o' th' gentile bloud . Nay , his man did say he was half a Gentleman , Having lickt the Shears that cut the Louse in twain . Then he drank hard , which you know doth make us Gentlemen all that are friends to Bacchus : And when others would leave half i' th' Cup , Yet he would always wind his Bottoms up . Nay , those which drank not , he would say were dull , And tell 'em still , 't was but a Thimble-full , He could not drink to mend his Bloud , I 'm sure ; You know his Bloud was good enough before . When other Gentlemen would say they were Gentlemen of such and such a Shire , Yet he excels them all in spight of their Ears ; Theirs came from one , his from a pair of Shears . And whereas other men did call the Court Behind their house , a Backside ; he , in sport , Commands them all to call 't a Yard : for he knew His Wife would be well-pleas'd with that name too : And please her he must in all his discourse , Because the grey Mare was known the better Horse . And likewise knew it did belong to 's Trade ; Without a Yard , no measure could be made . Some say , by Surgery too he was grown rich : For never man did better cure a Stitch. Your Lawyers likewise much a Taylor praise , Saying , 't is an excellent Trade now-a-days ; Nay , best for a Lawyer in all the Land , ' Cause he has still so many Suits in hand . One askt him why he marri'd a Northern woman ? He told him , in their Trade 't was very common , Because their Needle still to th' North doth tend ; And as their Needle guides , so they must bend . He hath a Goose too , that flutters still so high , And is so proud , that it presses all't comes nigh : And 't is a Goose that ne'r had more than one Wing at all ( when that 's off , he 'll have none . ) Other Geese do swim , but these , Pox rot 'um , Do still i' th' water sink down to th' bottom . Besides his Yard , he hath another Measure Which he doth clip and alter at his pleasure . The Barbers Trade is not so gentile as it , Because they stand , but Taylors always sit Still at their work : which was the cause , I think , A fellow said ( when he was got in drink ) That a Taylors feet stunk the worst of any Trade whatsoever ; ( although there be many ) And reasons gave us why they were so strong , Because they 're under his breech all day long . A Taylor sent the other day ( I know him ) Unto a man for ten pounds he did owe him . What makes thy Master send thus every day ? I hope he does not think I 'm running away ? No , Sir , though you are not , I 'll tell you true , Yet he must do 't within a day or two . A Taylor once was bid to make a Gown ; And who d' ye think 't was for ? 't was for the Moon : And as he tri'd it still ( as all men say ) It was too big or little every day . The Taylor then was not in fault , you see ; But 't was indeed the Moon 's inconstancie . How can't be otherways , being stuft with Lunacie , And commonly light-headed used to be ? There is a Proverb which has been of old , And many men have likewise been so bold , To the discredit of the Taylors Trade , Nine Taylors goes to make up a man , they said . But for their credit I 'll unriddle it t' ye : A Draper once fell into povertie , Nine Taylors joyn'd their Purses together then , To set him up , and make him a man agen : Which made him vow , nay bound it with some Oaths , That none but Taylors hereafter should make his Cloths . The POSTSCRIPT . Thus have you heard the Taylor o're and o're , And more I think than ere you heard before ; And when he works , doth still fit on 's breech , But yet to all he still went thorow stitch . And though some Taylors take delight in cupping , Yet Breadstreet is their best place to set up in . A SONG , To the Tune of Well , well , 't is true , That I 'm fallen in love , and 't is with you . 1. Go , go , you Slut , That day and night art cramming of thy Gut This sad and pinching year : How can this mean Estate of mine Supply that Gulphlike Paunch of thine , Now every thing 's so dear ? Remember once , you Jade , at Islington You eat , besides of Bread and Cheese , a dozen Cakes alone 2. Once we did go Abroad into the Fields to walk , you know ; And then , forsooth , you cri'd , You were so faint for want of Meat , And must have something then to eat , Or else you should have di'd . Yet thou didst eat , when we came out a door , A Pidgeon-pye the crust and all , but half an hour before . 3. Nay , more , you Swine : When I invited once some Friends of mine , You presently did fall Upon the Meat was on the Spit , And ere that we could eat a bit , Thou hadst devour'd it all . Retrench this gormandizing trade , you Whore , Or else I vow by mighty Jove , I 'll turn thee out a door . A Song on a Lady and her Chamber-Maid . 1. A Chamber-Maid was got with Child ; For which her Lady did call her Whore , And said that sh 'ad her house defil'd , And vow'd she 'd turn her out a door . Who got the Child , says she , you Jade ? Your Husband , and please you , Madam . Why where , you Whore ? Forsooth , she said , In the Trucklebed a Hadham . 2. Why where was I ? I 'll know the truth : Come tell me , or else I 'll make ye . In the high bed fast asleep , forsooth , And I was afraid to wake ye . Why did you not cry out , you Drab , When first you saw he begun it ? Truly , forsooth , I was never a Blab Of my Tongue : Wou'd you a done it ? 3. And besides , forsooth , you know That I your humour know too well , That if you 're suddenly wakt , you 'll throw And tear like to a Fiend of Hell. Nay , you 'll cry out with loud Alarms , And fling what your fingers touches , That I 'd rather be in my Masters Arms , Than ever to come in your Clutches . 4. Why did you not then sooner go , You errant Quean , before 't was known ? Truly , Madam , 't is even so , Because that you had none a your own . And indeed , Madam , the truth to tell , I think I well did plot it , Imagining you would use it well For his dear sake that got it . A Song called the Hasty Wedding . The Tune is the Gunfleet . 1. I 'm in love , says Noll : Indeed , says Doll ! But prethee say with who ? I fear , says he : Come speak , says she : Why then it is with you . You jest , says Doll ! Good faith , says Noll , You do me wrong , my Dolly . But men , says she , to flattery be Too much addicted , Nolly . 2. I vow , says Noll , I love thee , Doll : But pray , Sir , tell me where ? At my heart , says he : At your heart , says she ! And do you love me there ? 'T is true , says Noll : But you , says Doll , Do love another better . Who is 't , says he ? Why Nan , says she ; You t'other day did treat her . 3. Fie , fie , says Noll ! Why , why , says Doll ? Why Nan did come to me , And pray'd me write that very night To her Sweet-heart Humfrey . What then , says Doll ? Why then , says Noll , I gave her a pint of Wine , Doll . What else , says she ? Why Cakes , says he , And yet no Miss of mine , Doll . 4. But yet , says Doll , my Father , Noll , Does say y' are poor of late . How ! poor , says he ! Yes , poor , says she , And must not be my Mate . I have , says Noll : What hast , says Doll ? Why I have a House and Land , Doll . Where is 't , says she ? Why 't is , says he , At the lower end o' th' Strand , Doll . 5. What Goods , says Doll ? All sorts , says Noll , That in a house is common . Indeed , says she ! And fit , says he , For any honest woman . How , how , says Doll ! Good faith , says Noll , 'T is true ; and all are my own : And a Feather-bed , with Curtains red , For thee and I to lie on . 6. Then 't is , says Doll , a Match , my Noll , Let Father and Mother chide . Is 't done , says he ? 'T is done , says she ; And I will be thy Bride . Let 's kiss , says Noll : Content , says Doll ; And there 's another for ye . When wed we , says he ? To morrow , says she . We will no longer tarric . 7. Come then , says Noll , we 'll go , my Doll , And see the house before ; And then , says he : What then , says she ? Thou't find I am not poor . Agreed , says Doll ; and — And when , says Noll , To morrow we are wedded , Thy Parents shall , and Kindred all , Then come and see us bedded . Iter Orientale : or , a Voyage from London to Chipping-Unger in Essex ; performed by some Gentlemen in August 1674. HEnceforth I never more will hunger To ride again to Chipping-Vnger In Essex County , as I hear , And month of August every year . Not but we had a gallant Feast , And Meat most delicately drest , As Turky , Pig , Goose ; and the chief Was an excellent piece of Beef , So large , it made the Spit to bend , And a yard distance from either end ; And when 't came up , there were two able Men to bring it to the Table : With Pullets , Capons , and on my word , All that time o' th' year cou'd afford . And then we did excel in Drink Of several sorts . Stay , let me think . And first we had good humming Beer , The best , I think , in all the Shire : And store of Nappy Ale likewise , Which quickly did our brains surprize : But then of Wine we had such store , I thought one house could hold no more . The Tables fill'd with Bottles were , We scarce cou'd set Tobacco there ; That one to ask was then so bold , Whether the Bottles were to be sold ? And yet to make up more variety , Of Friends there was a brave society , So truly merry and so free , I was ne'r in better Companie . Handsome , witty , and good humour too ; Faith , and that 's much in so great a Crew , That every thing there spoke or done , Was Object of Mirth to every one : And all resolv'd there to be merry ; But alas , poor Captain , he was weary , And gauled was so much , that he Cou'd find no part of 's Rump was free . This being so , you 'll ask me then , Why I 'll no more to Vnger agen : Which to unriddle , I will not fail ; But now comes out a doleful Tale That ever yet was heard before , His Buttocks being so vilely tore . The Horse whereon he then did ride , Wore Whalebone-Bodies on either side : For the Spur had made the Ribs appear , As if you had Glass-windows there . And then he had so sweet a trot , By that time I two miles had got , As if it were for the very nonce : For it dislocated all my bones . And then his trotting was so high , He 'd mount me up ; then by and by Wou'd let me down with such a jolt , I had much ado to keep my holt . He once did lift me up so high ; ( But here you 'll think I tell a lye ) Far be 't from me ; I 'm not so given : For I heard the Angels sing in Heaven . You may think I hyperbolize , But I hope you do not think 'em lyes : For at that time I did bestraddle Such a fashion'd uncouth Saddle : For such a one it chanc'd to be , From which , good Lord , deliver me From such another : For allagree 'T was made of Deal-boards certainlie ; But some a better name did give it , Saying , 't was Wainscot ; you may believe it : And I began to think so too . It was so hard , I swear to you , I thought't had lain in water or mud That turns all things to stone that 's wood : For I did find a rising bump O' th' top , which often hit my Rump ; And went to cut it , but on my life , It soon turn'd the edge of my Knife . I hope you think , when on 't I rid , A pleasant Saddle I bestrid . In Stirrup-leathers I was blest , ' Cause they were like to all the rest : For they in pieces were so plenty , I think in number almost twenty ; They were so patcht in knots and bumps , And other risings just like lumps , That I protest I broke my knuckle To draw the Leather through the Buckle . The Buckles and Stirrups were with rust So eat , that all that saw 'em , must Seek for a Faith to believe that ere They were iron , so unlike they were . Yet I believe that I am able To prove , that the straps o' th' Saddle Had once been Leather , when I had found Two or three holes both round and sound . And for my Girts , I do protest , I cannot tell whether 't is best To call 'em so : for one I found Not square , but excellently round ; Which makes me think that it was made Just when the Roundheads drove their trade , For its antiquity and make . But for the other , if I may speak My mind freely , the breadth's about A quarter and nail , I dare avow't ; By which you see they were not brothers , Being so unlike one another . And for the Bridle , this I 'll say , 'T was onely for a Lord-Mayors-day For an Alderman to ride upon , If then he cou'd get such a one . Being thus accommodated , I Did ride by th' Coach triumphantly , Unto the credit then of all My Dames that rode there , both great and small . But now comes out the saddest Tale , Which my poor Rump does still bewail : For never Rump was served so , When they to Vnger ere did go . I 'd rather to endure a whipping , Than ride again to Vnger-Chipping : I 'm sure I shou'd have lesser whales Than I had then upon my Tail. And well they may Chipping call it ; For 't chipt my Nock , and did so maul it In many Chips and corner'd cuts , I cou'd not help it for my Guts : So gaul'd it was in many places , That I was forc'd make many faces ( Whensoever I got it drest ) And yet no Painter , I protest . Sometimes 't wou'd itch , and then I 'd scrat ; Then turn a this side , and then a that : Sometimes 't wou'd smart , then must I Not sit at all , but stand or lie . Some seeing me lean a one side , sware That I was whispering to the Chair . Others askt me why I pensive sate , Saying , 't was so with me but a late . Nay , I heard one whisper through a Gap , That certainly I had got a Clap. And when I kneel'd against a Chair , They 'd ask me if I were at Prayer . And when for ease I on my Belly lay , Sure you're asham'd to shew your face , they 'd say . And when that I came through a Town From Vnger , says a Country Clown , Like Crookbackt Richard I did ride , When I turn'd my Rump up a one side . And at another Town , a fellow sware I was like the Bunchbackt Taylor there . And when to ease my Nock I lay On the Horse-neck , then they say , ( When I was in that pitiful case ) Sure that man 's a running a Race . And as through Stratford-Bow I came , Says one , How d' ye , Sir ? are you lame , Or are you gaul'd , and is it sore ? Ah , friend , thought I , than all before , Thou speakest truest : He bid me pick From off a Tree an Elder-stick , And put into my Pocket ; and swore That at that time 't wou'd gaul no more . Troth , friend , thought I , I 'm o' thy mind : For I am so much gaul'd behind , There 's no place free , it is so tore , How cou'd it then gaul any more ? Thus you may see my desperate case Being so , to jeer me to my face . Then I do every man advise Not to ride as I did , if he be wise : Which to prevent , let him never paddle , As I did then , on such a Saddle . Perhaps you 'll ask why I did not look Before I leapt : I swear upon a book I cou'd not help it ; the horse was sent ( As 't were to me in complement ) And left him at my Lodging-door , When all the rest were gone before : So Hobsons choice was left to me , Either this or none , most certainlie . Then every one began to say , They did not pity me that day : For had I gallopt as I ought , I had to the Town more Leather brought ; But I , forsooth , must often tarry For my Dog Tango , that was weary . Sure I think it was good nature Not to leave a poor dumb Creature In a strange place : for I 'll swear He ne'r did speak as I did hear ; And being dumb , how cou'd he then Beg relief from Country-men ? For some an 'um are like a Hog , To respect him no more than a Dog ; Unless that he at Barking had bin In Essex too , with some of his Kin , Who might relieve him for 's barkings sake , Although poor thing he cou'd not speak : For Barking was his Dialect ; and how Can Essex-men understand Baw waw ? So Tango might be starved in A Country where he ne'r had bin . His feet were surbated , and he sick ; Which toucht poor Tango to the quick . Thus have you heard most certainly , The Story of my Dog and I. I now must speak of two Comrades Which furnisht were with arrant Jades , As we our self was furnished , Except the Saddle on which I rid . The young mans horse came from a Butcher , Who kickt when he did not touch her . His horse was raw , and lean , and tall , He lookt like Alexander on 's Bucephal . I cannot say he lost much Leather , Yet brought home less than he carri'd thither . And 's Comrade too that with him went Home , did confess his Rump was rent . Their Rumps were bad , but mine was worse , That we all may say , God a mercy Horse . The POSTSCRIPT . Thus have you heard our Iter Orientale , Which to us three was very male ; But I the worst of all that Jovial Crew : So iterum , atque iterum , I bid ye adieu . A new Song . 1. I Once for a fancy , did love pretty Nancy , Till Jenny came into the place ; Who when I did see , there 's no man cou'd be Ever so took with a face . 2. But when at a Ball I saw pretty Mall , Methoughts she tript it so fine , I felt such a smart , that I us'd all my art By presents to make her mine . 3. This lasted a day , until at a Play I saw my beautiful Jone ; Which made me to think I was just at the brink Of marriage with her or none . 4. This humour did last until I did cast My eyes on my pretty fine Kate ; My heart was so caught , that I verily thought She should have been my Mate . 5. But after a while , I seeing the smile Of my dear bonny sweet Betty ; Which made me to start , that I thought in my heart That none cou'd ere be so pretty . 6. But being a Guest at a Wedding-feast , I there sweet Susan espide ; And truth for to tell , I likt her so well , I thought to a made her my Bride . 7. But after a day , at a place where I lay , I chanc'd fair Nelly to see ; That I never was so in love with a Lass , She was so airy and free . 8. But yet for all this , I soon left that Miss , When I heard sweet Abigail's voice ; She tril'd it so well , I then 'gan to smell That here I should make my choice . 9. And this did remain for a day or twain , Till I heard fair Dolly to play So well on the Lute , I then 'gan my sute For marriage with her the next day . 10. Fair Hester at last had my heart so fast , I resolv'd to make her my own ; But a little after I handsomely left her , For my humour of love was gone . 11. Yet I never will grieve , for I still do believe I 've a Mistriss yet to come ; Or else I must say , I 'm in love ev'ry day ; But I cannot tell with whom . A new SONG . 1. LEt 's strive to improve our Talent of Love , 'T is that which can give us content ; We 'll banish those fears that usher in cares , And give to our Pleasures a vent . 2. And when we begin to be stupid within , We 'll march to the Tavern amain : For a cup of good Sack will supply what we lack , And restore us to Pleasures again . 3. For Sorrow and Care does but bring in despair , And makes us like Drones to sit ; But Cupid and Bacchus will every day make us Masters of Pleasure and Wit. A new SONG . 1. PRethee , Caelia , tell me why Thou 'st been so strange of late ? What Object now has took thy eye , That I am thus so soon laid by , As one that 's out of date ? 2. Thou knowst my kindness still was such , As none cou'd ere be more . And which is now in Gallants much , I in my promise still kept touch , Which no man did before . 3. Is it because thou lov'st to range And take thy swing about ? If it be so , methinks 't is strange That any one a friend should change For one o' th' common Rout. 4. Or else dost think my Fortune lean , And cannot entertain Thee in a handsome Miss-like mean ? ( Though I confess 't is often seen ) Faith , Caelia , this is vain . 5. But if 't be Pride , then Caelia , know I gave thee thy renown , And made thy Infant-fortunes grow , When thou were 't in esteem so low , Thy name was scarcely known . 6. Had not my Pen advanc'd thy fame , and gave it wings to flye , thou d'st been as one without a name , And in thy Reputation lame To every vulgar eye . 7. Then , Celia , since I 've made thee great , I 'll take thee down agen , And make thy Glories so retreat , That all shall take thee for a Cheat , And where 's poor Celia then ? 8. Thus art thou brought , by foolish pride , Into this low estate ; Hadst thou been kind , thou hadst me ti'd To make thee at the last my Bride : But , Celia , now't's too late . A new Song : The Tune is , Mr. Staggins his Minuit which he made for the Ball at Whitehal , 1673. 1. GOne is my Dearest , she I so admired ; Never was man so dejected before : She so much Beauty had , all hearts she fired ; No one cou'd ever be Mistriss of more . But when her charming Eyes Once let their glances flie , None cou'd withstand 'em , but all fell in love . Nay , some did think she was Clad in that humane dress , And by the Gods sent down from above . 2. And though so fair she was , never did woman Wear so much modesty still in her face ; And of so great a Wit , that it was common Still to deliver her words with a grace . But when her Lute she took , She on't so sweetly strook , Never did Mortals such harmony hear ; We thought the Heavenly Quire All met and fixt in her , And then did wish our selves nothing but ear . 3. Then welcome Sadness , and farewel all Pleasure , Nothing is left for me now but despair ; And of the Gods I beg some little leisure Onely to shed on her Grave a sad tear ; And there deplore the fate Of my dear peerless Mate . That after-ages may give her her due , Also I beg to have This Motto on my Grave , Never , O never died Lover so true . A new SONG . The Tune is , The Duke of Lorains March. 1. ROuse up , Boys ; Ease destroys Every martial wight : Then arm apace , the Foes increase , And all prepar'd to fight . Tantarara , tantarara , The Trumpets sound amain ; Then let 's away to win the day , That every one may honour gain . 2. It is decreed , Delay does breed Danger still in War ; Then let us go to meet the Foe , Before they advance too far . Dub a dub a dub , Dub a dub a dub ; The Drums a Charge do beat : Then let us fight from morn till night , Until we make 'em all retreat . 3. And all that can , must charge i' th' Van , Until you 've broke their Rank ; If'twill not do , then you must go And charge 'em in the Flank . And then you must be sure , Boys , To charge 'em in the Rear , Until they flie ; then you must cry , Away they run , they run for fear . 4. When that is done , and Field is won , The Plunder is your own ; The Spoils in War , most lawful are , To every man 't is known . And then you may with freedom , Boys , Drink and take your ease ; Or with a Miss to court and kiss , As you your fancy mean to please . A SONG . To which , the two last Verses were lately added . 1. NO scornful Beauty ere shall boast She made me love in vain ; Those men are fools , who once are crost , If ere they love again . To whine and pine , I never can , And tell you I must die ; It is so much beneath a man , I 'll never do 't , not I. 2. Perhaps some puling fool may weep , And court her with a Tear ; And at her footstool cringe and creep , And idolize her there . Such Coxcombs do deserve to be Inslav'd by women still . My Soul 's too great for any she , To captivate my will. 3. Would men be rul'd by me , we 'd make Those scornful things recant , And should from us their measures take , What we are pleas'd to grant : For why should we be subject thus To things so much below us ? Preeminence belongs to us , 'T is they do duty owe us . A Song call'd , My Mistriss is all the Genders . The Tune , Shackle de Hay . 1. ANd first she 's counted Masculine , Because she 's a Virago , And born at th' Indies under th' Line , At the Island call'd Tobago ; Where she has deceiv'd full many a man , That they from her have quiv'ring ran , As if they had an Ago . 2. Another call'd her Feminine , And swore she of that Sex is , ' Cause in her book they 'd interline , They never use Indexes : For turn unto what place you will , You 'll always find it open still , Which never man perplexes . 3. Then I heard another say , He thought she was a Neuter , Because there came the other day A Pupil and a Tutor : But unto neither she 'd incline , But unto both would singly joyn , That so they might recruit her . 4. Then I thought her the Common of Two , From the Couple last was there , Sir , And to her Parents gave their due , As hic & haec did swear , Sir. But if that she be common to two , She 'll ne'r be true to me nor you ; And therefore have a care , Sir. 5. Then I thought her the Common of Three , Hic , haec , & hoc being with her ; And foelix , O happy was he Did catch 'em altogether . And if that she be common to three , She 'll ne'r be true to you nor me , Nor constant unto either . 6. Then I thought , and so wou'd you , She was of the Doubtful Gender ; For hic vel haec , and dies too , Did day by day attend her . And o' th' Doubtful Gender if she be , She 'll doubtful be to you and me , Although we do befriend her . 7. And after we had scan'd her faults , We found her much obsceanea ; And set a period to our thoughts , To call her Epicaena , Both he and she , Hermaphrodite ; And Aquila did say she was right , And call'd her pocky Queana . 8. Thus have I shew'd my Mistriss t' ye , Both Feminine , Mas , and Neuter , Nay , Common of Two , and Common of Three , And Doubtful to her Suiter . And Epicaene we may her call , Because she swears she owns 'em all , There 's none that can confute her . My Mistriss understands all the Cases . To the same Tune . 1. MY Mistriss she hath Policie , There 's none can undermine her : For underneath her self she 'll lie , Yet I will not define her . She all mens Cases makes her own , ' Cause she 's to all their Cases known ; And therefore I 'll decline her . 2. And first , she is a Nominative , ' Cause she declineth Nomen ; And in the act Hominative , Denies not Knights nor Yeomen . Nay , she can name 'em all at large , That ere sail'd within her Barge , Whether they be tall or low men . 3. Next , I call her Genitive , ' Cause she 's for Procreation ; And she does use a Lenitive , As a help to Generation . Nay , she 's for getting all she can From every stout begetting man , The best in all the Nation . 4. Then a Dative she is known , From Do that was her Founder ; And before you quick falls down As flat as any Flounder : But whatsoever she doth give , She ten times more doth still receive ; Which seems to me a wonder . 5. I then Accusative her call , Whenever they neglect her : For she will curse and blame 'em all , Because they do reject her . But when her blaming fit is ore , You then may enter Portal-door , And calls you her Protector . 6. Nay , all do call her Vocative , Because sh 'as a Vocation , And has an art provocative , To invite 'em to her Station . But when they offer to go away , Then O she cries , Whoop Holiday , Let 's use Conglutination . 7. Last I call her Ablative , Because she 's always taking ; And though her Suiters much do give , Yet she ll be always raking : For in , with , through , for , by , and than , Are the signes by which she knows the man Must set her Oven a baking . 8. Thus from the first to the Ablative , You see she knows the way , Sir : For when I met her at Bablick-hive Near Oxford , she did say , Sir , That she had a Case for every man , And put him to 't , do what he can , And still will hold him play , Sir. A new Song , to the new Jig-tune . 1. MY Nanny , quoth he : Why Janny , quoth she , Your will , Sir ? I love thee , quoth he : If you love me , quoth she , Do so still , Sir. I 'd gi' thee , quoth he : Wou'd you gi' me , quoth she , But what , Sir ? Why some Money , quoth he : O some Money , quoth she ? Let me ha 't , Sir. 2. I 'd ha' thee , quoth he : Wou'd you ha' me , quoth she ? But where , Sir ? To my Chamber , quoth he : To your Chamber , quoth she ? Why there , Sir ? I 'd kiss thee , quoth he : Wou'd you kiss me , quoth she ? But when , Sir ? Why now , quoth he : Neither now , quoth she , Nor then , Sir. 3. I 'd hug thee , quoth he : Wou'd you hug me , quoth she ? How much , Sir ? Why a little , quoth he : 'T is a little , quoth she ; Not a touch , Sir. I am fickish , quoth he : are you sickish , quoth she ? But why , Sir ? ' Cause you slight me , quoth he : Do I slight you , quoth she ? 'T is a lye , Sir. 4. I 'm dying , quoth he : O , dying , quoth she ! Are you sure on 't ? 'T is certain , quoth he : Is 't certain , quoth she ? There 's no cure on 't . Then farewel , quoth he : I and farewel , quoth she , My true Love. I am going , quoth he : So am I too , quoth she , To a new Love. A Song on the Declensions . The Tune , Shackle de Hay . 1. MY Mistriss she is fully known To all the five Declensions ; She 'll searce them singly one by one , And take their true Dimensions . She ne'r declin'd yet any man , Yet they 'll decline her now and than , In spight of her Inventions . 2. First , Musa is her Mothers name , And haec does still attend her ; She is a hujus burly Dame , Though huic be but slender . Yet she 'll have a hanc on every man , And put 'em to 't , do what they can , Unless they do befriend her . 3. Magister is her Master too , And hic is still his Man , Sir ; And filius is her Son also . And dominus is her Grandfire . Nay , lucus , agnus , and that Lamb-like Crew , She 'll call 'em hunc's , and haec's 'um too , Do all that ere they can , Sir. 4. Next , she 's to lapis very kind , As honest hic has said , Sir : For she 's to precious stones inclin'd , Long before she was wed , Sir. Which made her Parents often say , That hic and haec both night and day Was forc'd to watch her Bed , Sir. 5. She beat poor manus with a Cane , Though he did often hand her From Whetstones-Park and Parkers-lane , And was her constant Pander . Yet give him manibusses when That she cou'd get no other men , That he cou'd notwithstand her . 6. 'Bout Noon she 'd with meridies dine , And sup , and bed him too , Sir. She 'd make poor facies to her incline , In spight of all he cou'd do , Sir. She day by day would dies pledge ; Which set poor acies tooth an edge , And often made him spew , Sir. 7. Thus have I shew'd her kindness here , And all her dear Relations ; As musa , lapis , magister , And all their antick fashions . Meridies , manus , and foelix too , Had happy been , had they ne'r knew Any of all her Stations . The COMPARISONS . The Tune , And 't is the Knave of Clubs bears all the Sway. 1. MY Mistriss she loves Dignities ; For she has taken three Degrees . There 's no Comparison to be made With her in all her subtle Trade : For Audax boldly said unto her , Y' are positively known a Whore. 2. And first , I Positive her call , ' Cause she 'll be absolute in all : For she is still to durus hard , And often with sweet dulcis jarr'd ; Which made kind tristis very sad , To see poor pauper us'd so bad . 3. Next , she is call'd Comparative , ' Cause she 'll compare with any alive In all the illiberal Sciences , Which she has learned by Degrees . Nay , was more hard to durior , Than all the rest o' th' Crew before . 4. Last , I Superlative her call , ' Cause she 'll be uppermost of all . And yet although she was so high , Lov'd underneath her self to lie ; And us'd durissimus , I hear , The hard'st of all , when he came there . 5. Thus have I t' ye my Mistriss shown , How she is positively known ; And Comparatively too , She did outlearn the rest o' th' Crew . And of her being Superlative , ' Cause she 'd be highest of all alive . Of the Five kinds of Verbs . THe Verbs a Battle had of late , they say , Which did consist of five Regiments that day . The first was call'd the Active ; and they were The activ'st men of any that were there . And Amo was their chief Commander then , Who said , I love ye , ' cause y' are gallant men . And Coronel Amo , with his active Crew , Did lead the Van , which was indeed their due . Next was the Passive , which was thought the best , Because they suffered more than all the rest : For those that in a Fight do suffer most , Are thought the bravest men , though some are lost . And noble Amor did command in chief That gallant Regiment , though to his grief : For Amo onely says , I love ; But I , Amor , am loved , so shall be till I die . The next Coronel that appear'd in fight , Was known to be an arrant Hypocrite ; Which was old Neuter : for he 'd sometimes make You to believe that he wou'd freely take Your part ; but t wou'd sometimes with curro run From one side to th' other : but being egg'd on To fight , then wou'd he have some slie trick , And with aegroto , say , I 'm very sick : And oftentimes wou'd give good words to either ; When truth to tell , he was indeed for neither . And being Neuter , he was new-turn'd out ; At which the whole Regiment did give a shout . Then the Commander of the fourth Regiment , Was one they call'd Monsieur Deponent : Which was for laying down as soon as chose , And was the first that endeavour'd to depose Himself from that Command ; and was Brother To Neuter , they were so like each other . He was indeed a Jack in a Box : for he Wou'd sometimes Active and then Passive be . When Active , then must loquor verbum speak A word in his behalf , his mind to break : But when Passive , and then did suffer most , Yet wou'd he still with glorior vaunt and boast . Nay , their two Regiments did them so handle , They both went out like a snuff of Candle . The first Regiment was commanded by One Communis of th' others Fraternity . And though that he did always end in r , Just like a Passive , yet would he always car ' A fair outside to amo ; and so free , As to say to him , Osculor te , I kiss thee : But when amor came , then who but he , Saying , Osculor à te , I 'm kissed of thee . Thus to conclude , and the truth to tell , Had these three Regiments done their duty well , There had been an end of that mortal Fray Much sooner than it was , as many say . Then my advice is , shou'd they fight agen , To chuse for Coronels some other men . And like him , 't is very Common to protest Kindness to one , when we mean nothing less . The MOODS . THe Battle of the Verbs being fully known , And their Regiments describ'd one by one , The Moods intend , it seems , to let us know The cause o' th' Quarrel , and the manner how . The Indicative being the Primier Mood , The rest of them then did think it good To let him speak , as being Secretory , And therefore being fitt'st to tell the story ; Dear Brethren , says he , I must tell ye , They were deceiv'd by fallo's Son , fefelli , Who was employ'd by all the Verbs about it , And he deceiv'd 'em , else they had not fought it . And the chief cause indeed was , as I hear , From some anomalous Verbs that were there ; Who are Verbs always out of rule , and so Not to be rul'd by any man , you know : As possum , volo , nolo , malo , and Edo , fero , ( who then was in command ; ) And 's unde feror too , and all the rest Of that tumultuous Crew , said 't was best To fight it out . Says possum , I may or can , Nay , am able to fight with any man. Says volo , I am willing to side with you , And will participate in what you do . Nolo said , He was unwilling to have peace : And malo was more willing than all these To fight . Says edo , I 'll eat my way through 'um ; That 's the ready way , says one , to undo ' um . But fero was more fierce than all : for he Said , he 'd bear or suffer any thing , than flee . Says ferro , I 've born and suffer'd more than all , And in your Cause resolve to stand or fall . Says fio , How came this to be made or done ? Then all fall on him , every Mothers son . So some took one side , and others t'other , Until they 'd near destroy'd one another . This being spoke , they all were at a stand : Then says th' Imperative , I do command Silence among ye all ; and bid ye too , Strictly to observe what I shall say or do : For he was one that was imperious , And never spoke in other manner , but thus : Saying , Had I been there , I 'd a charg'd 'em all To cease from fighting , or have made 'em fall By my imperious hand : for let me but say , Ama , amato , love thou , and they all obey ; Or pugnate , pugnatote , fight ye , And if ye do well , then I will knight ye . Thus my being absent , caus'd the fight that day ; None knew how to command , nor none to obey . He having finisht his discourse , up starts The Optative , who wisht that all their hearts Had been as his , then th 'had not fought that day : For he and 's Foreman utinam ran away . And though the Imperative had the greatest command , Yet he of Tenses had five to one at hand More than t'other ; and was no good House-holder , As being so great a wisher and a woulder . For all good Prayers he did never want ; As , I would God , I pray God , and God grant . And that there might be no more hatred , he 'd say , Vtinam amem , God grant I love alway ; Which is the onely way to keep 's in peace . And having so spoke , his Speech did cease . The Potential then stood up , and to 'em said , Next to the Imperative , he 'd be obey'd : For though he had indeed the chief command , Yet he was more mighty both in Goods and Land ; As may be seen by the Signes at his door , When others have but one , yet he has six more ; As may , can , might , could , would , should , or ought ; Which unto this Potency has him brought : And cou'd say amem , I may or can love , Or let it alone : for he wou'd still move In his own Sphere ; and never wou'd quarrel , But relieve the needy , and those that are ill : Saying , I may or do what I please herein ; But 't is best not fight , but sleep in a whole skin . The Subjunctive then began to tell his Tale ; But when he striv'd to do 't alone , wou'd fail , But must be forc'd to take a Conjunction To joyn with him , or not use his Function : For the Subjunctive , if the truth were known , Is but the Adjectives Bastard : for alone They can't stand in Reason or Signification , But must have a word joyn'd to keep the sence warm , And stick like a Gizzard still under each arm . The Subjunctive then at last did declare , He wou'd be subject to any thing else but War. The Infinitive then to end the Debate , Said , Of all the Verbs he did participate ; And also he cou'd do , suffer , or be What he pleas'd within 's own Seigniorie ; And was inferiour unto none Of the Moods , but of himself cou'd stand alone : For I can force amare to love my Daughter , And amaturum esse , to love hereafter ; And amandum and amatum , to love also ; And amatu , to be belov'd whe'r he will or no. And likewise can command docturum esse , To teach hereafter my Daugher Besse . Nay , I cou'd shew you an Infinite more ; But for brevities sake , I now give ore , And do infinitely desire there may be No more of fighting , if you 'll be rul'd by me , Of the TENSES . THe Tenses they being Servants to the Moods , They call'd 'em to account about those Feuds . The Present Tense did first himself present , ( And truth to say , he did those times lament ) He presently then told them all , That they Cou'd never think him guilty of that Fray : For he vow'd , Had he been present when 't was done , He wou'd have been the first that shou'd a run : For who knows better to get out of Bands , When Times and Seasons are all in our hands ? The Preterimperfect Tense did then appear ; But was imperfect in 's relation there : For though his time was not perfectly past , He confest that with amabam he did love at last ; But loving not then , they told him 't was a fault , And was the cause that all that trouble was wrought . He vow'd he was not there at that same time When 't began ; so not guilty of that crime . The Preterperfect Tense then began to plead , Protesting himself innocent of that deed : For though his time was perfectly past , yet he Said , I have lov'd amavi ferventlie ; For he and I do all such Quarrels shun , And never heard o' th' Battle , until 't was done . The Preterpluperfect then was call'd in , And brought amaveram with him , who had bin His long and constant friend , who said , Though their time Were more than perfectly past , yet that crime Cou'd not be laid to their charge , ' cause that they Had lov'd one another many a day . And will do 't still with leave o' th' Future Tense , That they got great applause when they went thence . The Future Tense at last was called in , Who plainly told 'em , If he had guilty bin Of such a thing , he deserv'd to be blam'd : But yet , say they , methinks y' are not asham'd To confess you did not love . No , says he , I did not : for that can be no fault in me ; For an Astrologer told me once at home , That my time of loving was not yet come : And likewise told me , that amabo and I , Shall or will love most certainly . Then all the Court remov'd , and did pray They ne'r might see such another day . On the Squibs and Crackers thrown on the Lord Mayors day . 'T Was just the day 'fore twenty ten Of dull October , being then The Lord Mayors show , or eke his day , So call'd by th' Vulgar , as they say : I speak not of that glorious Crew That past us by in open view ; As first , the Companies several , Belonging to each others Hall , All clad in black , with half red Tippit , Who on their Petitoes did trip it . Nor of those Velvet-coats so black , With Chains of gold hung on their back ; Nor of that Teem of Scarlet-Riders , Who of the City-wards are Guiders ; Nor of the Troops and Horses fairness , Whose Masters all were clad in Harness , Whose Officers Coats bedecked were With Gold embroider'd every where ; Nor the Foot , with Bagpipe , Fife , and Drum , Who thither with the rest did come For to attend our Soveraign , ( Whom God preserve with all his Train ; ) Nor of those gallant Princely Coaches , To all I gave a Bonos noches : But of those Gallants Treat I do , That were Spectators of that Show ; Who there were placed in Balconies , ' Mongst which were many antient Cronies , And Ladies young : who all there stood , I can't say sit , they wisht they cou'd : For in the twinkling of an eye , Such Squibs and Crackers then did flie In such a horrid fiery fashion , It forc'd them all to change their station , Lest it should burn their Garments gay , Which borrowed were perhaps that day . They chiefly flew , like Whirligigs , On curled Hair and Perriwigs : Nothing escap'd them , they were so set , That all was Fish that came to Net. A couple came that day to see And to be seen , in all their braverie : And drest they were most finically , That all shou'd note that stood them by . In striped Mantua's they were drest , Of all colours i' th' Rainbow , I protest . And both were in Balcony set , Thinking their gayness then so great , That none wou'd venture their Squibs to fling At them ( being as fine as any thing . ) The Squibs and Cracker-men below Observing what they did , and how Confident they were that none would throw , And being intent about the Show , Some ten of them together flung , Which did directly light among Those which in that Balcony sate , Which made them stir , but 't was too late : And 'fore they cou'd remove their station , Up came ten more i' the same fashion ; Which quickly burnt their curled Hair , Their Hoods and Scarfs , and all was there ; Their Rain-bow-colour'd Cloths , I find , Were all burnt both before and behind ; And left 'em in most woful cases : For 't scorcht the Patches on their faces . They were so claw'd , that one did swear They both like Gipsies did appear . Though they came in in merry posture , Yet when went out , their eyes were moister . Though they at fore-door did come in , Yet they at back-door went out agin : And forc'd were t' go to their old Stallion , Being al-a-mode de Taterdemallion . Also a Lord ; but the Lord knows who It was : for it burnt his Breeches too , His Velvet-coat , Perriwig , and Hat , And also his richly lac'd Cravat . Nay , they from Windows scarce cou'd peep , But suddenly were forc'd to creep Back again , or those Ladies fair Were sure to burn their Hoods and Hair. No Gowns nor Whisks did then escape : For on Petticoats they made a Rape ; Not on those that were a top alone , But below too , they were so sawcy grown . Another , it seems , then to secure A pretty Lady , did then endure A hot Contest : but by his leave , It quickly burnt his Half-shirt-sleeve . The Author catcht one in 's hand a top , And flung't in 's face that threw it up , To keep 't from them that were above : But by his favour , it burnt his Glove . Last I advise , if any chance to go Agen to see the Lord Mayors Show , They must not in Balconies stand , Or any place that 's low at hand ; But i' th' Garret , or the Leads a top : For that 's too high to fling 'em up . A Song , to the Tune of Thomas I cannot . 1. COme , my Molly , let us be jolly , Now we are both come hither ; Thy Mother 's from home , and we are alone , Then let us be merry together . I 'll give thee some Rings and Bracelets fine , And other Trinkets , if thou wilt be mine . In truth , good Sir , I dare not incline ; My Mother does tell me I munnot , I munnot , My Mother does tell me I munnot . 2. Thou sha't have a Gown of the vinest zilk , The like was never zeena ; Thou sha't ha the Cream of all the Milk Of the Cows that go on the Greena , To make thee some Curds and Cheescakes store , And Custards too , all sugar'd ore . I pray you , good Sir , now say no more ; My Mother does tell me I munnot , &c. 3. Thy Wastcoat shall be of Scarlet too , With Ribonds tyed together : Thy Stockins shall be of a Bow-died hue , And thy shoes of Spanish Leather . And upon each Shoe a silken Knot For to set out thy delicate foot . In truth , good Sir , I dare not do 't ; My Mother does tell me , &c. 4. Thy Petticoat shall be of Sey , The best in all the Towna ; And thou shalt wear it every day , And zo thou shalt thy Gowna . Thy Smock shall be of Holland fine , If thou in love with me wo't joyn . In truth , good Sir , I dare not combine ; My Mother does tell me , &c. 5. I 'll feof thee in a Copy-hold Of Forty pound a yeara ; And I ha Twonty pound in Gold Will serve to make good Cheara . O no , you men , I know ye too well , But give you an inch , and you 'll take an ell , And when you have done , you Tales will tell . In truth , good Sir , I munnot , I munnot ; My Mother does tell me I munnot . 6. Why then , my Molly , here I vow My Lips shall still be sealed , And whatsoever we do now , Shall never be revealed . With one sweet Kiss we 'll seal the same ; Deny me but this , you are to blame . O this Kiss doth so inflame , I cannot hold out a minit , a minit ; I cannot hold out a minit . A SONG . The Tune , My Dame Joan hath pawn'd her Kittle . 1. CLear up those stormy Brows , and teach My weak and wadling Love to go : Who makes 'twixt Infant-loves a breach , Sure is no stout nor gallant foe . Prethee let us prove , that Cupid is above The firm Votes of immortal Fate : Though a Child he be , let Malice see That Love is stronger far than Hate . 2. Then be no longer fondly coy ; Death 's here more welcome than delay . Love is a nimble sprightly Boy , And hath swift wings , the Poets say . Let 's lose no time , 't is a capital crime ; None sins in Love like him that 's slow . If I wanton be , pray pardon me ; Love's a Child , and Children will be so . 3. My Senses call me dull , and blame My calmness , that thus pleading stands . Come , your Mother she did do the same ; Yield , or I must lay violent hands . For shall I spare one , such a Rape hath done , And violence on my Soul hath lain ? And why should she thus ravish me , And I not ravish her again ? 4. Why this stir ? why this denying ? This pish , pish , Groper , stand away ? Why this proud and coy denying , ' Cause I there my hand did lay ? I did grope , 't is true ; but in love sure you Will count it no offence , I hope . If the cause you 'll find , know Love is blind ; And they that cannot see , must grope . A Mock-Song to Come my Daphne . Man. COme , my durty Pug , away ; What the Pox d' ye mean to say ? Wom. 'T is Rowland calls ; what wou'd my Swine ? Man. Come up , you Whore , 't is time to dine , Where Vulcan shall provide A Whip to claw your hide . Wom. Were I shut up within a Jail , 'T is Rowland he must be my Bail. Man. You lazy Whore , make hast , The Meat at fire doth wast . In the burning Fountain I Must for ever live and die ; And on thy mangy bosom stray , Would fright , would fright , Would fright the Devil away . Chorus . We 'll howl and weep , and ne'r give ore , Because the Fiends do see , do see The cursed glee 'Twixt thee and me ; But never will deplore My sad , but fatal Destinie . Another Drunken Mock to Come my Daphne . T. COme , my Bully-rock , away ; We do wast this drinking day . R. 'T is Roger calls : What news , you Sot ? T. Come see , you Rogue , what I have got : For Bacchus still provides Brisk Wine to stuff our Hides . R. Were I shut up in Cellar deep , I 'd first be drunk before I 'd sleep . T. Ye lazy Rogue , make hast , The Wine will spoil and wast . R. With good Sack and Claret I Will for ever live and die : And from Bung-hole ne'r will stray , Till thee and I have suckt it quite away . Chorus . We 'll drink and sleep , and then we 'll snore , That Bacchus he May dayly see The Bubbing Glee 'Twixt thee and mee ; But never will give ore , Whilst we good Sack or Claret see . The Wooing Gallant . A SONG . 1. COme hither my dearest , come hither to me , And I will be so loving to thee , As never was man before . Then gi' me thy heart , and thou sha't a mine : For if I may be certain of thine , I 'll never desire no more . Then unto my house we 'll trip it away , And fit and provide for the Wedding-day . We 'll dance and we 'll sing , And the Bells shall ring , And the Fidlers round about us shall play . 2. Thy Body with rich Apparel I 'll deck , And round about thy Ivory Neck I 'll place a Chain of Pearl , So round and so fair , so fine and so neat , That every one that chances to see 't , Will say thou' rt a lovely Girl . Then be not so coy , but come away , And I 'll embrace thee both night and day : For I vow and I swear Thou shalt be my Dear , And merrily we will sing and play . 3. The Girl she stood off , and smiling said , I fear you mean to betray a Maid That never did love before : For men will dissemble , and cog , and lye , And swear they love you faithfully , When they have another in store . But if that you mean to be faithful and true , And that I should be so to you , Be loving and kind , And change not your mind , Or else for evermore adieu . Vpon the taking down of the Kings Arms at Oxford , in the time of the Rump , viz. 1649. who instead of plucking down them on the Gate of the Physick-Garden in Oxford , they were such excellent Heralds , that they pluckt down the Earl of Danby's Arms , who was the Founder there . IN Sixteen hundred forty nine , When Cavaliers were forc'd to dine At Duke Humfrey's Table still ; ( But 't was , poor hearts ! against their will ) A dismal time when Rump did fart ye A thousand cracks ' gainst Royal Partie ; And when Kings Arms were plucking down In every City and in Town . In Oxford-City there 's a place Call'd Physick-Garden , a little space From Colledge Magdalen doth stand , Well known to many in this Land. From Maudling-bridge it stands North-west , So that must be from it South-east . This is so plain , you cannot miss it , That when y' are there , you 'll say this is it . The Walls that do surround this place , And noble Gate which doth it grace , And all the Land within the same , For evermore will bear the name , As being the particular Bount - Ty of that noble Northern Count , Who to 's Prince to th' last did stand by , Call'd Henricus Comes Danby . This Gift , I say , was onely his , ( For which no doubt he is in Bliss ) Unto the poor University , Made so by th' Rump , the more 's the pity . And first of all this Rumpish Crew That then did there appear in view , With others that he thither brought For to destroy , as then they thought , Their Princes Arms , was a Colonel , Who indeed was a Preacher , as well As Souldier ; and so he began Then to preach to every man His Rumpish Doctrine , and so bid Them be valiant : and what they did , He wou'd secure both great and small By an Ordinance from his Masters all . An Ordinance it might be call'd , ( Which oft the Cavaliers have maul'd ) By thundring of us out a Town , From Post to Pillar up and down . But name of Act it cannot bear , Yet 't was the Cornel's Act , I 'll swear . And with the Cornel there did go His Lieutenant-Colonel also ; And Major too , and Captains store , And Ensigns and Lieutenants more . And of the County-Committee There were about the number three , With others at the Colonels call ; I think there was the Devil and all . But now comes out a pleasant Tale ( If my memory do not fail ) Which in Oxford is very rife In every mouth , and true on my life : On the right hand of that brave Gate Were Kings Arms plac'd in handsome state , And likewise Crown and Garter too , As 'bout the Arms they use to do . O' th' left hand was the Founders Arms , Bold Danvers , who with loud Alarms The Irish Rebels conquer'd so , In little time he had no Foe To wreak his Valour on ; whose fame Was spread abroad , that 's very name Would scatter all that Kernish Crew ; But Danvers cry , away they flew . And before he came from thence , Forc'd 'em to own their natural Prince . For which important service done , ( By way of Retaliation ) King James with Title then did greet him Of Baron Danvers ; which did meet him 'Fore he came to kiss his hand . And 's Son Charles the first , for other service done , Did Earl of Danby him create , And Knight o' th' Garter , ( Honours great ! ) Yet none for him too great was thought , Who for his Prince so bravely fought : So that by this I 'd have you note , He had the Garter round his Coat , And Coronet also : which did make Among our Heroes that great mistake , Which made for what I do intend , ( And then I 'll draw unto an end . ) These gallant new-made Gentlemen ( With the Country-Committee then ) And others of that new-dub'd Crew , When both these Coats they chanc'd to view , Like wise men , did with one accord Command the Arms of this brave Lord To be pull'd down instead o' th' Kings : And so they flew , as 't were with wings , For to pull down , as they thought , His Majesties most Royal Coat . Sure of Senses they were bereft , Not to know right hand from the left . That they were Scholars , you can't deny , ' Cause in the University ; And wonder 't was what Heraldry then Was 'mong our Rumpish Gentlemen . Or were they at that time afraid To touch that Princely Coat ? They laid Not violent hands upon it then ; But I remember the time when They durst attack , as well as Crown , His sacred Person too , 't is known . Sure Providence did cast a mist 'Fore the Cor'nels eyes , and all the rest , That they cou'd not see that very day ( ' Cause their chief Light 's within , they say . ) If so , then 't was Prophetick sure , That they should onely then obscure , And for a time to cloud the Crown , But for their lives not pull it down . Though th' Officers so little knew , And Gentlemen of that great Crew , What did belong to Arms ; 't is strange The Souldiers that did use to range Themselves each day in Rank and File , ( And many times their Arms recoil . ) And then the chief word of Command Was , Stand to your Arms , to every Band ; Which they being often us'd to do , Made 'em let the Kings Arms stand too . Then after this in Merriment , They all unto the Tavern went , To congratulate each others act , And all to own that prudent fact . There were some twenty Officers , With Committee-men , Friends of theirs ; So that there were 'bout thirty two Of this most Solomon-like Crew : Who had at last four pints of Sack ' Mongst them all to strengthen the back . And though they wou'd not wench , nor swear , Yet you see drink hard when they came there . Nay , that they might seem more profuse , ( Which was indeed their common use ) In half-pint-pots 't was still brought up ; But yet before they 'd touch the cup , With Hat in hand wou'd Blessing crave , Lest poison'd by a Cavalier Knave . And as they thus sate carousing , In comes a bold fellow , using Great Reverence to that learned Gang , Saying , They were better to hang Than keep : And having a pint of Sack In his hand , he like a mad Hack , Drank the Kings health , and then threw The Pot among that Spendthrift Crew , Saying , Pox take ye all ; and then flew Down Stairs , without bidding 'em adieu . Though they command Kings Arms pull down , Yet still hung up some of their own : Which did prognosticate , I say , Their Arms shou'd first hang up ; they , they . We were so far from putting down Their Arms , we set 'em up in Town . Nay , they were so highly grac'd , That ore the Kings Arms they were plac'd On every Gate about the City ; Not sooner done , the more 's the pity . The Rump their Juglings so did handle , They all went out like Snuff of Candle . And those who bought King or Bishops Lands , At the happy Change , had their hands Eas'd of all that mighty trouble , After they 'd brought the Rents to double . So may they all be serv'd , that persists Not in heart and voice true Royalists : And also those that do repine At this our Change ; which by divine Hand was then so brought about , To scatter all that cursed Rout Who had deserv'd it long before , For Cruelty , but Treason more . A Mock-Song to Cellamina : And to that Tune . 1. MAll , I ne'r yet knew thy mind ; Once agen I 'll prove thee : If thou wilt but be so kind To kiss me twice or thrice behind , Faith I 'll ever love thee . 2. Tom , I 'm ignorant , I vow , Which way to come to it ; But if you the way will show , First kiss mine , then I shall know The better how to do it . 3. We 'll draw Cuts then if thou wo't , Now within this minnit ; And when we have drawn the Lot , Those that have the shortest Cut , They shall then begin it . 4. Hang your Cuts ; do you begin't ; You 're the first did move it : And when I see you do 't in print , Sure you 'll think the Devil 's in 't , Should I not approve it . Iter Occidentale : or , a Western Voyage from the Old Exchange to the Gridiron near Charing-cross in the Strand ; and perform'd by five Gentlemen , Nov. 5. 1673. THough Squibs and Crackers thick did flie On Lord Mayors day , like Snow in Skie ; But yet upon November Fift , There flew of them so great a drift , One scarce could pass along the street , But spight of teeth we did them meet . And now the reason you wou'd hear , Why this day 's kept so strict each year , As being Holiday , and why not , In memory of the Powder-plot . But let that pass , I now will treat The Adventures these half ten did meet : And coming into street call'd Cheap - Side some do adde , we saw a heap Of Ribble-rabble met together , That threw their Squibs they car'd not whither , That we , poor harmless Grigs , Cou'd scarcely save our Perriwigs : And I had then no more but one ; Had that been burnt , whoop , all was gone . I forc'd was use both hat and hand , To save my Wig and little Band. Though but through Lane or Corner turn'd , We did expect still to be burn'd . Nay , we were forc'd to skip i' th' Gutter , But quickly we from thence must flutter : For if y' are fixt in any place , Hey Boys , says they : then look t' your face . So that we still skipt up and down Like Morris-dancers in a Town . And besides this Rabble-rout , We there did see a Rope stretcht out , Which was on two Balconies fixt , With Bonfires two or three betwixt ; And then upon that dangling Rope We there did see a Rev'rend Pope , With Sword by 's side , and Crosier too , And Trident in his hand also , And eke his Pontificial Gown , And Miter too , with Triple-Crown All made of Cards : And being thus , Methoughts it was preposterous For Cards made for the hand , not head , Or I 'm like him in Faith misled . But now I think I 've found the knack , Why they of Cards his Crown did make , And on his head Card-miter wore , ' Cause he a Cardinal was before ; And his Supremacy arises By being the Head o' th' Cardinal Vices . But why a Trident in his hand ? My troth , it puts me to a stand , That he should Neptune's Right assume , Because 't is call'd the Sea of Rome : And so we find by this , that he Is Lord not o' th' Land alone , but Sea. Witness that annual throwing in A Ring into the Sea ; which long hath bin Continued by the Venetian State : And when first done , the Pope he sate I' th' Bucentaure triumphantlie , To wed that State unto the Sea : For had he not a Right unto 't , Why did he at that time then do 't ? But now I think upon it well , The Sea of Rome , we all can tell , Did overflow all Europe ore In former times ; but the British shore For this hundred and fifty year , Has put an ebb to 's flowing here . Besides all this , as some do say , He also had in 's hand a Key , With Boots and Spurs , as in a fright , To ride away that very night : And with 's Key , it seems , he meant To ope the City-gates as he went : For 's Keys the Gates do ope , we know , Of Heaven above , and Hell below . But for all that , such was his fate , To be that night unfortunate . The Squibs so pelted him , he swore He 'd never come to England more , If once he got away : and said , I now in my own Coyn am paid , For using Hereticks so bad , When I my Papal power had . All those that heard him then to say , That he 'd from England hast away , Him answer made in this same dress : Good riddance to your Holiness ; For we will never wholly be Addicted to your Roman Sea. Which made him fret and fume the more , That we were forc'd to give him ore , And left him in that angry vein ; Anon we 'll speak of him again . And so from thence we marcht away To Ludgate-street , there made a stay ; Where we espied another Object , That to the Pope is truest Subject ; And that 's a Cardinal , who there sate Triumphantly in Chair of State , With all things fine , and all things pat , And eke had there his Cardinals Hat , Which fixed was upon his head , Whose Gown and that were coloured . The Rabble there made Applications To him still in Squib-like fashions ; Which he did for an honour take Unto all Cardinals for his sake : And glad he was to England come , Saying , He was ne'r so serv'd at Rome . And when in this they grew bolder , Then he blest 'em ore the left shoulder , Saying , I give my Benedicite Unto all Hereticks ; but ye Especially shall not miss it , For this November-visit : For I 'm the Papal Nuncio here , And all is under my Paternal care . Nay , Beloved , I will assure ye , I can be angry too , yea , in fury ; But not with any here of you That honour me so in publick view . And had I known that you 'd a gave Such honour as to me you have Unto a Cardinal heretofore , I had sooner seen the English shore : But 't is not late to come at last , Since I so freely of it tast . When they had honour'd him so much , It seems they 'd have another touch ; And with another Card'nal went Round the City in merriment ; Whose Nose was very long indeed : No matter for that . But I 'll proceed : He Crosier had in 's hand , and Cross , And on mens shoulders did him toss ; Which does belong to Popes alone , But here to Cardinals 't is shown . He marcht in pomp through every street ; And every one that did him meet , When to adore cou'd not come nigh him , Did with their Crackers kindly ply him : Which he took kindly , and threw about His Arms , still blessing all the Rout. At last he fixed was in 's Station , And all 's Brethren i' th' same fashion , Fixed were in several places , Who boldly there did shew their faces . And though they Hereticks did us call , Yet coming before the Tribunal Of that great Rabble , they quickly found That they were Catholicks unsound , So Hereticks themselves , and had Committed Treason , which was sad . Nay , they the occasion were , they say , That this was made a Holy-day ; And so condemn'd them to the Flame , Though he with Long-nose smelt the same Long before : and therefore did advise Them both to be merry and wise ; And spoke to th' Pope , that he with 's Key Shou'd open them the ready way To steal from all this Rabble-rout As fast as ere they cou'd get out . But notwithstanding his advice Which he had urg'd unto 'em twice , They so infatuated were , They thought the Pope cou'd never erre : Which makes it certain , the Popes Chair Is not infallible every where . And after they condemned were , I do protest I did not hear One word from either that did plead In their own defence ; 't was strange indeed ! Nor did they rail , nor scold , nor cry , But took their deaths most patiently . Nay , they were so very meek , Not one ill word I heard 'em speak ; But thought those Flames to them a Glory , As being those of Purgatory ; And had no need of Pater-Nosters , Or Ave-Maries dirg'd in Cloisters , For to fetch their Souls from thence ; They thought that done when they went hence . That Lutherans now must think 't a story , That say there is no Purgatory . And now ye are convinc'd , I hope , To have a better love to th' Pope . They in that Flame so soon were burn'd , That they to ashes quickly turn'd . One askt why they were so cruel , To adde a flame unto the fewel Of that giddy Multitude , That then were so exceeding rude ? Said , For serving us i' th' same fashion , We do 't but by retaliation : They shew'd the way , we do but follow . Then all began to whoop and hallow . And then with many Squib-like flashes , They took their leave o' th' holy Ashes , Saying , Dear Father , we bid adieu For evermore to all your Crew . Thus have you heard the story true , O' th' death of three o' th' seventy two Cardinals : if so , then I find There 's but sixty nine left behind ; Which is too many by six times ten , And three times three , of such kind of men . And then we unto Fleet-street came , Where all the way we saw the flame Of numerous Bonfires for to light The Pope and 's Brothers to th' Grave that night . From thence to th' Strand we came amain , Where we did see so great a Train Of Bonfires that were so light , We did no Link-boys see that night : And they petition'd have , they say , That this Gunpowder-treason-day May not come oft ; for if it did , They were undone : which Jove forbid . For Rumpish Cornels two or three , Of Link-boys Hall have all been free ; Of Majors , and of Captains more , And eke Lieutenants greater store ; Of Ensignes and Cornets many indeed , Who had most colour for what they did . Who all , you see , were linkt together In that great Hall of wind and weather ; Who lighted all the Rumpish Gang To their Deserts , that is , to hang : Better destroy any Corporation Than that of Link-boys in this Nation : For we in darkness were before , And but for them , shou'd now be more , 'Bout which the Woodmongers and they Had hot contest about that day . The Link-boys beg'd it might be no more ; And t'other did desire good store : Which did consume their Billets and Faggots , Which else wou'd be destroy'd with Maggots ; They cou'd not vend the smallest heap , Because that Coals were then so cheap . And though we burn'd and broiled were , Throughout the streets every where ; Yet to th' Gridiron did we go , To make the Proverb good , you know , Out o' th' Frying-pan into th' Fire : But yet , according to our desire , We there did find a broiling for us ( Which quickly drove away our sorrows ) An excellent Fricacy of Rabbets , So finely done and cut in gobbets ; Good Sawce , with excellent Drink good store : In conscience we cou'd ask no more . Then home we went to cushy all , After this Papal Funeral . Dated on November Fift , you plainly see , A new SONG , To the Tune of The Flatteries of Fate . With the ANSWER . 1. I Always resolv'd to be from the Charms That Love with his Subtilty ere cou'd invent ; I laught at his Deity , scorn'd at the Harms That he cou'd inflict to abridge my content : But now I do find , Though the God he be blind , The Mark he has hit , and hath changed my mind . Though a Child thought he be , Yet his Manhood I see : For with one poor Shaft he hath conquered me . 2. I often before great Beauties did see With Charms in their Tongues , and Darts in their eyes , Who sought by their Wiles to intoxicate me ; But never till now they my heart cou'd surprize . But now I do see That a Slave I must be To that which has been a Servant to me : For the angry Gods Dart Hath so wounded my Heart , No Balm that 's applied but increaseth my smart . 3. Thus have you heard our Love in a Maze , This call'd a Labyrinth I ne'r could abide , Whose turnings and windings are so many ways , That none can get out , unless by a Guide . But my Guide is so coy , Though my Soul I employ To lie at her feet , yet my hopes she 'll destroy ; And rather than I Will keep touch with her eye To lie at her feet , I 'm resolved to die . The Answer to the last Song . And to that Tune . 1. I Pity thy Passion , Intoxicate Lover ! Can Venus's Philtres so prevalent be , That thou shouldst in a Phrensie thy weakness discover , And part with thy Manhood and Birthright so free ? Shall a purblind Boy Thy Courage destroy , And make thee submit like a Slave to a Toy ? Are a Females Eyes Such a notable Prize , As to offer thy Life for a Sacrifice ? 2. What is she some Angel , thou valuest her so ? Is a Goddess engrav'd on her heavenly Brow ? If she 's but a woman , then stoop not so low : For the woman was made for the man , you must know . Wil● thou stoop to the checks Of the Feminine Sex , That dayly does study poor Mortals to vex ? Our Grandfathers Bride Was took from his side , As intended to help him , but never to guide . 3. But if Reason must yield to effeminate fits , If Frenzy must rule , and our Senses be splaid , If a man must run mad , and abjure all his wits ; Then may he thus wretchedly doat on a Maid . If a courting I go , My pursuit should be so , I wou'd seem not to care whe'r I had her or no. That 's a lawful Trepan ; And if 't were but began , You 'll see 'em run whining and cry for a man. A SONG . With the ANSWER . 1. SInce you will needs my heart possess , 'T is just to you , I do confess The fault to whom 't is given : It is to change much more inclin'd Than Women , or the Sea , or Wind , Or ought that 's under Heaven . 2. The fair , the black , the gay , the sad , Which often makes me think 't was mad , With one kind look would win it . So natural it loves to range , That it hath left success for change ; And what 's worse , glories in it . 3. Often when I am laid to rest , It makes me act like one possest : For still 't will keep a puther . Though you alone I do esteem , Yet 't will make me in a dream Court and enjoy another . 4. Nor will I hide from you this truth , Which has been from my very Youth A most egregious Ranger : For since from me it often fled , With whom it was both born and bred , 'T will scarce stay with a Stranger . 5. But now , if you are not afraid , After these truths which I have said , To take this arrant Rover : Be not displeas'd , if I protest , I think the heart within my breast Will prove just such another . The ANSWER . 1. SInce , Sir , your heart will then away , Let that be gone which will not stay ; Yet I 'll the same be ever : With wandring Drake you then may range , And like unconstant Proteus change : For my part I will never . 2. But yet mistake me not , my mind Was never yet to Love inclin'd ; Much less to any Lover : For I resolved am to be Still constant to Unconstancie ; Which you 'll by this discover . 3. Methinks it is a pretty sport To see how Rivals do retort , And grin upon each other . A frown on this man makes him sad ; On that , doth make him raving mad ; A smile insnares another . 4. 'T is brave to hear such Gothams boast , And how each other they accost ; Of which some are for fighting : And some in corners do appear , A wishing for their Panders there And some are for inditing . 5. This , Sir , 's Loves Paradise , wherein Not a few parts have acted bin . Since there your heart 's a Ranger , It shall the honour have to pass , And bray there like a very Ass , And so shall not a stranger . A SONG call'd Francelia : With the ANSWER . To the Tune of Augusta . 1. FRancelia's heart is still the same , Cold and hard as Winters morning , Round her Love is ever burning ; Yet no sighs or tears can ever Yet no , &c. Warm her Ice , or cool my Fever . 2. So much I think and talk of her , That every Grove and Stream can name her ; All the Nimphs and Ecchos blame her . If she keeps her cruel fashion , If she keeps , &c. Onely Death can ease my Passion . 3. All the Arts that Lovers have , All the Vows and all the Anguish , All the looks with which I languish , Move not her to any feeling ; Move not , &c. Beauty takes delight in killing . The ANSWER . 1. FRancelia's heart is still the same , Kind and free to all embraces : Though variety of faces Dayly court her to obtain her , Dayly , &c. They can never , never gain her . 2. So much she thinks and talks of me , That every Room i' th' house proclaims it ; Nay , the babbling Eccho names it By a kind Reverberation , By a kind , &c. That she 's constant in her Passion . 3. All the Arts her Lovers use In their Presents , Vows , and Treatings , Still appear to be but Cheatings . Nought she says or does can please 'em , Nought , &c. Makes 'em wish for death to ease ' em . A Song set by Mr. Staggins . With the Answer . 1. WHy shou'd we ere Beauty fade , Slaves to Care and Age be made , Since our flying Youth can no more be had ? Where Love and Mirth do call , let 's go And crop new Joys each minute as they grow : To morrow's fate there 's none can know . 2. Let 's sing and laugh sad thoughts away , Mirth shall rule the active day ; And the night to Raptures of Love we 'll pay . Thus should Youth in Pleasures reign ; And Gods that cannot put on Earth again , Shall wish for such delights in vain . The ANSWER . 1. WHy should we ere think of Love ? Pox upon 't , the Gods above The Torments on 't cou'd ne'r remove . But if Lovers we must be , God Bacchus shall be our Deitie : For Wine alone can make us free . 2. Let 's sing and throw Love-thoughts away , Which still does make our Health decay , And our Wit too often run astray . But Wine is so divine a thing , Let 's all its praises dayly sing , Seeing nought but that can pleasure bring . An excellent SGNG. 1. ALas , what shall I do ! I have taken on me now To make a Song , I vow : A wo is me ! I am commanded to 't ; I dare not stand it out , Though I 'm put to the rout : It so must be . Thou shalt do 't ; Then stand to 't , I 'll set my Muse afoot , With a good chirping Cup. There may some hidden Mine Spring from the Juice of Wine ; Then tak 't and drink it up . 2. Pox on 't , it will not do ; I must have t'other two ; I claim it as my due , And must lov't : For where the Land is dry , The good Husband doth hie To bring the water nigh To improv't . Here 's the use of the Juice ; Open me then the Sluce , And die my Wit in grain . That Soul 's ne'r empty That takes it in plenty ; 'T is the onely Spring of the Brain . 3. Madam , now you may see What Obedience is in me ; I have done what may be For to obey . I have set my Muse on foot , With the sprightly Grape to boot , That commands me do 't : 'T is they must sway . If my Pate , soon or late , Shall bring forth some conceit ; To you my wit I owe. If I do fall flat , It is , mark you that , I 'm a Cup too low . If I spoke sence enough , Or did speak but stuff , All is alike to me : I 'll never pause upon 't . You were the cause on 't ; And that 's my Apologie . On a Beautiful Miss . 1. I Know I 'm no Poet ; My Song will soon show it : But my Sorrows do flow like a Spring . Although they do shame me , The world cannot blame me , That I should thus dolefully sing . My loss is so great , And such a Defeat No Mortal had ever before : For she had every Feature Of a beautiful Creature ; And no man can say any more . 2. Her Lips , it is true , Were of Coventry-blue ; But her Hair was a fine Bow-dye . Her Stature was low , But her Nose was not so : For 't was O most delicate high . Her upper Lip thin , Which finely turn'd in , And her Teeth were as black as a coal : But her under stood out To receive from her Snout The droppings that came from each hole . 3. Though some Teeth she wanted , The rest were so planted , That Nature did shew no neglect : What in some she deni'd , She in others suppli'd , Because there should be no defect . 'T is true , we do know Sh 'ad some gaps below , But yet it was plain to be seen That her upper Teeth met 'em , Nature so well had set 'em , Like Tallies they clapt in between . 4. Thus with a good grace They took their due place , And they stood hither and thither ; We plainly may see They all did agree , And lovingly met together . To stand in a row Is common , you know ; But the best and the newest way , Is to see , without doubt , Teeth stand in and out , As if they were dancing the Hay . 5. No Needle nor Pin Was so sharp as her Chin , Which her Nose did so lovingly meet , That like Sister and Brother They kist one another ; It was a great pleasure to see 't . No Globe cou'd be found So perfectly round , As her Back was , by all that mind her . And to give her her due , Her Head turn'd like a Skrew To study the Globe behind her . 6. Her Breath it was strong , Her Legs short and long , To make up her perfect shape ; Her Cheeks were like Lent When 't is almost spent , And her Face was as sweet as an Ape . Her Skin might be taken For a gammon of Bacon ; Her Brests , never Trencher so flat ; So fine was her mouth , That it stood North and South ; And sh 'ad delicate Eyes like a Cat. 7. I think it is meet To speak of her feet , And tell you how well they were made ; I will not deceive ye , But if you 'll believe me , They had the true shape of a Spade , So fine and so flat ; But when she did pat , So even a guard she did keep : With legs high and low , That when she did go , You 'd think she were playing Bo-peep . 8. But this Narration Breeds such molestation Within my unfortunate breast , I can say no more , But must give it ore , And leave you to guess at the rest . Search all the world round , None such can be found , So well she pleased my Pallet ; That I 'll pine all my life For the loss of my Wife : And there is an end of my Ballet . The Patient Man , and the Scolding Wife . 1. M. WIfe , come gi' me thy hand now , And sit thee down by me ; There 's never a man in the Land now Shall be more loving to thee . W. I hate to sit by such a Drone ; Thou ly'st like a Log in my Bed. I had better a lain alone : For I still have my Maidenhead . 2. M. Wife , prethee now leave off thy ranting , And let us both agree ; There 's nothing else shall be wanting , If thou wo't be ruled by me . W. I will have a Coach and a Man , And a Saddle-horse to ride ; I also will have a Sedan , And a Footman to run by my side . 3. M. Thou sha't have all this , my dear Wife , And thou sha't bear the Sway ; Nay , I 'll provide thee good Cheer , Wife , ' Gainst thou com'st from the Park or a Play. W. I 'll have every week a new Gown , And a Petticoat died in Grain , Of the modishest Silk in the Town ; And a Page to hold up my Train . 4. M. Thou sha't have this too , my sweet Wife , If thou 't contented be , Or any thing else that is meet , Wife , If thou wo't be ruled by me . W. I will have a Gallant or two , And they shall be handsome men ; And I 'll make you to know your kue , When they come in and go out agen . 5. M. Methinks a couple's too few , Wife ; Thou sha't have three or four : And yet I know thou 't be true , Wife , Although thou hadst half a score . W. I will have as many as I please , In spight of your teeth , you fool ; And when I have the Pocky disease , 'T is you that shall empty my Stool . 6. M. Why how now , you brazen-fac'd Harlot ! I 'll make you to change your note ; And if ever I find that you snarl at My actions , I 'll bang your Coat . Nay , I 'll make you to wait , you Flaps , At Table till I have din'd ; And I 'll leave you nothing but Scraps , Till I find you better inclin'd . 7. W. Sweet Husband , I now cry Peccavi ; You know we women are frail : And for the ill words that I gave ye , Ask pardon , and hope to prevail . For now I will lie at your foot , Desiring to kiss your hand ; Nay , cast off my Gallants to boot , And still be at your command . The Doating Lover . 1. WAs ever man so happy as I , Sir ! My Mistriss has gi'n me a kiss : But I full long at her door did lie , Sir , Before I cou'd compass this . I cring'd , and I bow'd , And I sung to my Crowd ; But never cou'd get it before . And if but another I may be allow'd , I 'd lie there a twelve month more . 2. Though for a time she did deprive me The favour of seeing her face , That balmy Kiss did so revive me , It made me take heart a grace . And if as I see Such Vertue there be In one poor innocent Kiss , I 'll give my Estate , whatere be my fate , To get such another as this . 3. For he that 's possest with Riches and Honour , May meet with a cruel Dame ; 'T will signifie nothing until he has won her To answer his amorous flame . Let him hunt , let him hawk , Let him drink , let him talk , And strive to forget her disdain : He ne'r in his breast will have any rest , Until he comes to her again . A Song on a Wedding . 1. NOw that Loves Holiday is come , And Madge the Maid hath swept the Room , And trim'd her Spit and Pot ; Awake , my merry , my merry Muse , and sing The Revels , and that other thing That must not be forgot . 2. As the gray Morning dawn'd , 't is sed , Clarissa broke out of her bed , Like Cynthia in her pride ; Where all the Maiden-Lights that were Compriz'd within our Hemisphere , Attended at her side . 3. But wot you then , with much ado They drest the Bride from top to toe , And brought her from her Chamber , Deck'd in her Robes and Garments gay , More sumptuous than the flow'rs in May , Or Stars inshrin'd in Amber . 4. The sparkling Bullies of her Eyes , Like two eclipsed Suns did rise Beneath her Cristal Brow , To shew by those strange accidents , Some changeable Events Were like to hap below . 5. Her Cheeks bestreakt with white and red , Like pretty Tel-tales of the Bed , Presag'd the blustring night With his incircling arms and shade , Resolv'd to swallow and invade , And skreen her Virgin-light . 6. Her Lips , those threads of Scarlet-die , Wherein Loves Charms and Quiver lie , Legions of Sweets did crown ; Which smilingly did seem to say , O crop me , crop me , whilst you may ; Anon they 're not mine own . 7. Her Breasts , those melting Alps of Snow , On whose fair hill , in open show , The God of Love lay napping , Like swelling Buts of lively Wine , Upon the Ivory stalls did shine , To wait the lucky tapping . 8. Her Waste , that slender Type of man , Was but a small and single span ; Yet I dare safely swear , He that whole thousands has in fee , Wou'd forfeit all , so he might be Lord of the Mannor there . 9. But now , before I pass the Line , Pray , Reader , give me leave to dine , And pause here in the middle ; The Bridegroom and the Parson knock , With all the Hymeneal flock , The Plum-cake and the Fiddle . 10. Whenas the Priest Clarissa sees , He star'd as 't had bin half his fees To gaze upon her face . And if the Spirit did not move , His Continence was far above Each sinner in the place . 11. With mick stir he joyn'd their hands , And hamper'd 'em in Marriage-bands As fast as fast might be . Where still methinks , methinks I hear That secret Sigh in every ear , O Love , remember me . 12. Which done , the Cook he knockt amain , And up the Dishes in a train Came smoaking two and two . With that they wipt their mouths and sate , Some fell to quaffing , some to prate ; Aye marry , and welcome too . 13. In Pairs they thus impal'd the Meat , Roger , and Marget , and Thomas , and Kate , Rafe and Bess , Andrew and Maudlin , And Valentine eke , with Sybil so sweet , Whose Cheeks on each side of her Snuffers did meet , As round and plump as a Codlin . 14. When at the last they 'd fetcht their fees , And mir'd their stomach up to th' knees In Claret , for and good Chear , Then , then began the merry din : For 't was thought they were all on the Pin. O what kissing and clipping was there ! 15. But as luck would have 't , the Parson said Grace , And to frisking and dancing they shuffled apace . Each Lad took's Last by the fist ; Who there did kiss her and turn her , until The fat of her face ran down like a Mill ; He toul'd for the rest of the Grist . 16. In sweat and in dust having wasted the day , They enter'd on the last Act of the Play. The Bride to her Bed was convey'd ; Where knee-deep each hand fell down to the ground , And in seeking the Garter , much pleasure was found ; ' Twou'd a made a mans arm have stray'd . 17. This Clutter ore , Clarissa lay Half-bedded , like the peeping day , Behind Olympus Cap ; Whilst at her head each twittering Girl The fatal Stockin quick did whirl , To know the lucky hap . 18. The Bridegroom in at last did ruffle , All disappointed in the bustle , The Maids had shav'd his Breeches . But let him not complain , till then In such a storm , I can tell when , He sav'd his other Stitches . 19. And now he bounc'd into the Bed , Even just as if a man had sed , Fair Lady , have at all . Where twisted at the hug they lay , Like Venus and the sprightful Boy : O who wou'd fear the fall ! 20. Thus both with Loves sweet Tapers fir'd , A thousand balmy Kisses tir'd , They cou'd not wait the rest . But out the Folk and Candles fled , And to 't they went ; but what they did , There lies the Cream o' th' Jest . A positive Farewel to Love. 1. WHen in the month of January , Ripe Apples grow on Trees ; When Butter doth in Fehruary , At once both thaw and freeze ; When Horses flie , Beasts headless walk ; When Chairs and Stools do move ; When Mutes as fast as Women talk ; Then will I fall in love . 2. When Cherries in the month of March As ripe are as in June ; When men instead of Corn sow Starch ; When Bears do sing in tune ; When Fishes on the Trees do chatter ; When Womens Tongues ne'r move ; When Men forbear to lie and flatter ; Then will I fall in love . 3. If when it rains , the ground be dry ; Or when 't is foul , fair weather ; When Sun and Moon shall in the Sky Both meet and dance together ; When the Heavens fall where th' Earth doth stand , And th' Earth doth mount above , And I can grasp both in my hand ; Then will I fall in love . 4. A Lover he no Will doth know ; He cannot speak or stir : He is a Child , and cannot go , But as he 's mov'd by her . Whilst I still by my self do move , And to my Pleasures bend : Then farewel unto shitten Love. And so I 'll make an end . FINIS . 
A19300	----	The English schoole-master teaching all his schollers, of what age soever, the most easie, short, and perfect order of distinct reading, and true writing our English-tongue, that hath euer yet beene knowne or published by any. And further also, teacheth a direct course, hovv any vnskilfull person may easily both vnderstand any hard English words, ... Deuised for thy sake that wantest any part of this skill, by Edward Coote, Master of the Free-schoole in Bury St. Edmond. English schoole-maister. Coote, Edmund, fl. 1597. 1630 Approx. 258 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 49 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A19300 STC 5714 ESTC S113503 99848737 99848737 13850 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A19300) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 13850) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 678:11) The English schoole-master teaching all his schollers, of what age soever, the most easie, short, and perfect order of distinct reading, and true writing our English-tongue, that hath euer yet beene knowne or published by any. And further also, teacheth a direct course, hovv any vnskilfull person may easily both vnderstand any hard English words, ... Deuised for thy sake that wantest any part of this skill, by Edward Coote, Master of the Free-schoole in Bury St. Edmond. English schoole-maister. Coote, Edmund, fl. 1597. Perused and approued by publike authoritie, and now the eighteenth time imprinted, with certaine copies to write by, at the end of this booke added. [8], 86, [2] p. Printed [by B. Alsop and T. Fawcet, and George Purslowe [at Eliot's Court press]] for the Company of Stationers, London : 1630. An edition of: Coote, Edmund. The English schoole-maister. Printers' names from STC; printers' address from Folger Shakespeare Library catalog. Alsop and Fawcet printed at least quire A; Purslowe at least quire M.--STC. Reproduction of the original in the Folger Shakespeare Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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English language -- Early modern, 1500-1700. 2006-08 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-09 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-11 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2006-11 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2007-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE ENGLISH SCHOOLE-MASTER : Teaching all his Schollers , of what age soever , the most easie , short , and perfect order of distinct Reading , and true Writing our English-tongue , that hath euer yet beene knowne or Published by any . And further also , teacheth a direct Course , how any vnskilfull person may easily both vnderstand any hard English words , which they shall in the Scriptures , Sermons , or elsewhere heare or reade : and also be made able to vse the same aptly themselues ; and generally , whatsoeuer is necessarie to bee knowne for English speech : so that hee which hath this Booke onely , needeth to buy no other to make him fit , from his Letters vnto the Grammar-Schoole , for an Apprentise , or any other his priuate vse , so farre as concerneth English . And therefore is made not onely for Children ( though the first Booke bee meere childish for them ) but also for all other , especially that are ignorant in the Latine-tongue . In the next Page the Schoole-Master hangeth forth his Table to the view of all beholders , setting forth some of the chiefe commodities of his Profession . Deuised for thy sake that wantest any part of this skill , by Edward Coote , Master of the Free-Schoole in Bury St. EDMOND . Perused and approued by publike Authoritie , and now the Eighteenth time imprinted , with certaine Copies to Write by , at the end of this Booke added . LONDON , Printed for the Company of Stationers . 1630. ☜ The Schoole-master his Profession . I Professe to teach thee that art vtterly ignorant , to Reade perfectly , to Write truely , and with judgement to vnderstand the reason of our English-tongue with great expedition , ease and pleasure . I will teach thee that art vnperfect in eyther of them , to perfect thy skill in few dayes with great ease . I vndertake to teach all my Schollers , that shall be trained vp for any Grammar Schoole , that they shall neuer erre in writing the true Orthography of any word truely pronounced : which , what ease and benefit it will bring vnto Schoole-masters , they best know : and the same profit doe I offer to all other , both Men , and Women ; that now for want hereof , are ashamed to write to their best friends : for which I haue heard many Gentlemen offer much . I assure all Schoole-masters of the English-tongue , that they shall not onely teach their Schollers with great perfection , but also they shall with more ease and profit , and in shorter time teach a hundred Schollers sooner , than before they could teach f●rtie . I hope , by this plaine and short kind of teaching , to incourage mady to read , that neuer otherwise would haue learned . And so more knowledge will hee brought into this Land , and moe Bookes bought than otherwise would haue beene . I shall ease the poorer sort , of much charge that they haue beene at , in maintaining their child●en long at Schoole , and in buying many Bookes . Strangers that now blame our Tongue of difficulty , and vncertainty , shall by mee plainly see and vnderstand those things which they haue thought hard . J doe teach thee the first part of Arithmeticke , to know or write any number . By the practice therunto adjoyned , all learners shall so frame and tu●e their voyces , as that they shall truely and naturally pronounce any kind of stile , eyther in prose or verse . By the same practice , Children shall learne in a Catechisme the knowledge of the principles of true Religion , with precepts of vertue , and ciuill behauiour . J haue made a part of a briefe Chronologie for practice of reading hard Words , wherein also thou shalt bee much helped for the vnderstanding of the Bible , and other Histories : and a Grammer Scholler learne to know when his Authors both Greeke and Latine , liued , and when the principall Histories in them were done . J haue set downe a Table , contayning and teaching the true writing and vnderstanding of any hard English word , borrowed from the Greeke , Latine , or French , and how to know the one from the other with the interpretation thereof , by a plaine English word : whereby Children shall bee prepared for the vnderstanding of thousands of Latine words before they enter the Grammer Schoole , which also will bring much delight and judgement to others . Therefore if thou vnderstandest not any word in this Booke , not before expounded , seeke the Table . Jf I may bee generally receiued , J shall cause one vniforme manner of Teaching : a thing which as it hath brought much profit vnto the Latine tongue , so would it doe to all other Languages , if the like were practised . Finally , J haue giuen thee such Examples for faire Writing , whereby in euery Schoole all bad hands may be abandoned , that of thou shouldest buy the like of any other ( which thou shalt seldome finde in England , ) they alone will cost thee much more money than . I aske thee for my whole Profession . If thou desirest to bee further satisfied , for the performance of these things ; reade the Preface , where thou shalt also see the reason of some things in the first Booke , which thou mightest otherwise dislike . The Preface for directions to the Reader . OTher men in their writings ( gentle Reader ) may justly vse such stile , as may declare learning or eloquence sit for a Scholler ; but I am enforced of necessity to effect that plaine rudenesse , which may ●it the capacitie of those persons with whom I haue to deale . The learneder sort are able to vnderstand my purpose and to teach this Treatise without further direction . I am now therefore to direct my speech to the vnskilfull , which desire to make vse of it , for their owne priuate benefit ; and to such men and women of trade , as Taylors , Weauers , Shop-keepers , Seamsters , and such other , as haue vndertaken the charge of teaching others ; giue me leaue therefore ( I beseech thee ) to speake plainely and samiliarly to thee , yea let me intreate thee to giue diligent regard to those thing● which I shall deliver vnto thee ; I seeke nothing by thee , but thy owne pleasure , ease , & profit , & the good of theschollers , If peraduenture for 2 , or 3. dayes at the first it may seeme somewhat hard or strange vnto thee , yet bee not discouraged , neither cast it from thee : for ●f thou take diligent paines in it but 4. dayes , thou shalt learne many very profitable things that thou neuer knewest ; yea thou shalt know more of the English tongue , than any man of thy calling ( not being a Grammatian ) in England knoweth ▪ thou shalt teach thy Schollers with better commendation and profit than any other , not following this order , teacheth ; & thou maist sit on thy shop boord , at thy Loomes , or at thy needle , and neuer hinder thy worke to heare thy Schollers , after thou hast once made this little booke familiar to thee . The practise and order of study , I know is a stranger vnto thee ; yet must thou now be sure that thou passe not ouer any one word , before thou well vnderstandest it . If thou ca●st not find out the meaning , and true vse of any rule or word , and hauing none present to helpe thee , make a markethereat with thy Pen or Pin , vntill thou meetest with your Minister , or other learned Scholler , of whom thou maist enquire ; and doe not thinke it any discred it to declare thy want , being in a matter pertaining to Grammar , or other such things as those of thy condition are vsually vnacquainted with : rather assure thy selfe , that all wise men will commend thee that desirest knowledge , which many reiect ; but they which refuse to be directed , I know are such as delight in their ●o●tish ignorance , like Scoggius Priest , who because he had vsed his old ▪ Annumpsimus for these do●en yeares , would not forsake it for the other new Assumpsimus though it were neuer so good . Two things generally you must marke for the vse of this Booke : first , the true vnderstanding of it , in the ●atter : secondly , the manner of learning it , if thou be onely a Scholler , then the order of teaching it , if thou be also a Teacher . And for the first , where I professe to teach with farre more ease and pleasure to the learner . And therefore with greater speed than others , vnderstand the reason . Thou hast but two principall things to learne ; to spell truly any word of one syllable , and to diuide truly any word of many . For the first , I haue disposed syllables so in the first Booke , howsoeuer at the first sight they may seeme common , as that thou canst meete none , but either thou hast it there set downe , or at least so many like both for the beginning or end , as that none can bee propounded vnto thee , that thou shalt not be skilfull in . And I haue so begunne with the easiest , proc●eding by degr●es vnto harder , that they first learned , all the other will follow with very little labour . These syllables knowne , because all words , bee they neuer so long or hard , be made of them , thou hast nothing to learne , but to diuide them ; for which I haue laid downe so easie and certaine Rules ( beleeue me that haue tryed ) as that thou shalt neuer ●rr● in any hard word : I doubt not but thine owne experience shall finde this true , and so my promise in that point performed to the full . Maruell not why in this first booke I haue differed in writing many syllables from the vsuall manner ; yea , from my selfe in the rest of the worke : as templ without ( e ) tun with one ( n ) and plums , not plummes , &c. My reason is , I haue put there no more letters than are of absolute necessitie , when in the rest I haue followed custome : yea , often I write the same word diuersly ( if it bee vsed indifferently ) the better to acquaint thee with any kind of writing . Touching the speeches at the end of the 1 , 2 , 4 , 7 , and 8 , Chapters , regard not the matter ( being vaine ) but my purpose , which is to bring thee to present vse of reading words of one syllable which thou hast learned to spell , and so thou maist haue nothing in the second booke to learne , but onely diuision of words , and other hard obseruations . The titles of the chapters , and notes in the margent ( which I would alwayes haue thee diligently read and marke ) will make these things more 〈◊〉 vnto thee . Also where I vndertake to make thee to write the true Orthography of any word truely pronounced , I must meane it of those words whose writings determined : for there are many , wherein the best English-men in this Land are not agreed as some write malicious deriuing it from malice , other write malitious , as from the Latin malitiosus . So some write Germane from the Latine , some Germaine from the French. Neither doe I deale with proper names , strange words of Art in seuerall Sciences , nor the vnknowne tearmes of peculiar Countries ( if they differ from ordinary rules ) vnlesse sometimes vpon some speciall occasion . I know ere this , thou thirstest that art a Teacher , to heare how thou maist with more ease and profit teach a hundred Schollers , than before forty ; follow my aduice and I warrant the successe . Let euerie one of thy Schollers ( for the best thou hast shalt learne , that heere which hee neuer knew , neither needeth he any other for English ) prouide and vse this Booke , then diuide thy Schollers in 2 , 3 , or 4. sorts , as thy number is , for moe thou needest not , although thou hast a hundred Schollers ) & place so many of them as are neerest of like forwardnesse , in one lesson or fourme , as in Grammer Schooles ; and so goe thorow thy whole number , not making aboue foure companies at the most : so that thou shalt haue but foure Lectures to heare , though thou hast a hundred Schollers , whereas before thou hadst forty Lectures though but forty Schollers . Then when thou wouldest heare any fourme , call them forth all , be they ten , twenty , or more together : heare two or three that thou most suspectest to be most negligent , or of dullest ●onceit , and let all the other attend , or let one read one line , sentence or part ; another the next , and so thorough , so that all doe somewhat , and none know when , or what shall be required of him , encourage the most diligent and tenderest natures . And thus doubt not but thou shalt doe more good vnto twenty in one houre ▪ than before vnto foure in seuerall lessons . For the apposing each other , as I haue directed in the end of the second Booke , emulation and feare of discredit , will make them enuy who shall excell . By this meanes also euerie one in a higher fourme shall be well able to helpe those vnder him , and that without losse of time , seeing thereby hee repeateth that which hee lately learned . Now touching the framing and sweet tuning of the voyce , I haue giuen thee this helpe : I haue added for prose all sorts of stile , both dialogue and other ; and for verse , Psalmes and other verses of all the seuerall sorts vsual● : which being well taught , will frame thee to the naturall reading of any English . But here I must make earnest request vnto all carefull Ministers , that as they tender the good education of the youth in their Parishes , they would sometimes repaire vnto the Schooles of such Teachers as are not Grāmarians , to heare their children pronounce , and to helpe such with their direction , that desire to vse this Booke in their Schooles : for it is lamentable to see into what ignorant handling silly little children chance , which should at the first bee most skilfully grounded ; which is the onely cause of such wofull ignorance in so many men and women ; that cannot write ( without great error ) one sentence of true English : therefore let Parents now be wise vnto whom they commit their children . But to returne to my teaching Tradesmen : If thou desirest to be informed how to teach this Treatise , marke diligently the directions giuen in all places of the Booke ; and as thy Scholler is in saying his lesson , marke what words he misseth , and them note with thy pen or pin , and let him repeat them at the next Lecture , and so vntill he be perfect , not regarding those where he is skilfull . And let his fellowes also remember them to appose him in them in their appositions . But mee ●hought I heard thee say , that my reasons haue perswaded thee to bee willing to ●each this : but thou canst not moue all their Parents to bee willing to bestow so much mony on a Booke at the first . Tell them from mee , that they need buy no more , and then they shall saue much by the bargaine . But they will reply , that his little yong child will haue torne it before it be halfe learned . Then answer him , that a remedy is prouided for them also , which is this : First , the Printer vpon the sight hereof hath framed his Horn-booke , according to the order of this book , ●aking the first part of my second page the matter thereof , which in my opinion ●●e did with good reason ; for a child may by this Treatise almost learne to spell ●●rfectly in as little time , as learne well the other Horne booke . But this latter ●●ing first learned , being the ground worke of spelling , all the rest of this work will 〈◊〉 gotten with small labour . Secondly , I haue so disposed the placing of my first ●●oke , that if the child should teare out euery leafe as fast as he learneth it , yet it ●●ll not be greatly hurtfull , for euery new following Chapter repeateth and teach●●h againe all that went before . I hope if he be a reasonable man , that this an●●er will suffice . Touching my Chronologie and Table , I haue before the en●●ce into them , prefixed the manner how to vnderstand the vse of them , where●●●o I referre thee , hauing beene already ouer-tedious . For the particular ordi●●●y sounding of the letters , I wholly omit , leauing it to the ordering of the Tea●●●r , especially it being before sufficiently and learnedly handled by another . Thus ●●e I so plainely pratled and lisped vnto thee , as that I hope thou vnderstandest purpose and single heart for thy good : which if I find accepted , I may per●●●enture hereafter proceed in my course , for the easie and speedie attaining the ●●●rned L●nguages : an argument which as it is more pertinent to my professi●n so might it rather be expected from me than this poore Pamphlet . But in the meane time , if in this thou find my words true , accept my good will , and giue glory to GOD. A. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. r. s . s. t. v. u. w. x. y. z. & . A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. V. W. X. Y. Z. A. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s . s. t. v. u. w. x. y. z. & . A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. V. W. X. Y. Z. Ae. A. a. b. c. d. e. e. f. g. h. i. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s . s. t. v. u. w. x. y. Z. z. & . A. A. B. B. C. C. D. D. E. E. F. G. G. H. J. I. K. L. M. M. N. N. O. P. P. Q. Q. R. S. T. V. V. W. X. Y. Z. Ae. ct . ij . fr. fi . si . sh . fl . sl . ff . ss . ss . st . st . The first Booke of the English Schoole-Master . CHAP. I. TEaching all Syllables of two Letters , beginning with the easiest , and joyning them together that are of like sound , as you may perceiue by placing ( c ) betwixt ( k ) and ( s ) and coupling them as you see : and then teaching to read words of two Letters . When your Scholler hath perfectly learned his Letters , teach him to know his vowels : and after two or three dayes when hee is skilfull in them , teach him to call all the other letters consonants , and so proceed with the other words of Art , as they stand in the Margent ; neuer troubling his memory with a new word , before he● be perfect in the old .   a e i o u a e i o u   Ab eb ib ob ub Ba be bi bo bu   Ad ed id od ud Da de di do du   Af ef if of uf Fa fe fi fo fu   Ag eg ig og ug Ga ge gi go gu   Ah eh ** oh ** Ha he hi ho hu   Al el il ol ul La le li lo lu   Am em im om um Ma me mi mo mu   An en in on un Na ne ni no nu   Ap ep ip op up Pa pe pi po pu   Ar er ir or ur Ra re ri ro ru   At et it ot ut Ta te ti to tu   Ak ek ik ok uk Ka ke ki ko ku   Ac ec ic oc uc Ca ce ci co cu   As es is os us Sa se si so su   Az ez iz oz uz Za ze zi zo zu Dip●●ongs Ai ei * oi * Ia ie ji io iu Now you may teach your Scholler , that hee can spell nothing without a Vowell . Ay ey * oy * Ya ye ** yo ** Au eu * ou * Va ve vi vo vu Aw ew * ow * Wa we wi wo **   Ax ex ix ox ux Qua que qui quo ** Teach him that ( y ) is out for ( i ) the vowell , and make him ▪ read● these lines distinctly . If you doe ill , fy on vs all : Ah , is it so ? hee is my foe . Woe be to me , if I doe so . Vp , go on : loe I see a py● So it is , if I doe lye , Woe is me , oh I dye , Ye see in me , no lye to be CHAP. II. TEacheth to ioyne the two former sorts of syllables together , I meane ( ab and ba. ) and so the rest , with practice of reading the same sorts of words of three Letters . And here you see , that this and euery new Chapter doth so repeate all that went before , that your Scholler can forget nothing . Ba bab ba bad ba bag ba bar bat bay . Be bed be beg be bet . Bi bid bi big bi bil bi bit . Heere you may teach your Scholler to call these words syllables ; and that so many letters as wee spell together , wee call a syllable . And you may repeate the first two letters as often as the capacitie of a Child shall require it : And for the more pleasu●e of the child , I haue vsed such syllables as are vsed for English words . Bo bot bo bon bos bo box boy . Bu bud but bug bu bul bu but bu● . Da dad dag da dam daw day . De den det de dew . Di did dig dim din dip . Do dog dol do dop dor dot dow . Du dug dul du dun . Fa fal fan far fa fat . Fe fed fel fe fen few . Fi fil fin fir fit . Fo fog fop for fo fox . Fu ful fur . Ga gad gag ga gap gay . Ge ges get . Gi gib gig gil . Go gob god got . Gu gub gug gul gu gum gun gup got . Ha had hag hap ha hat haw hay . He hed hel hem hen hew . Hi hid hil him hi hip his hit . Ho hog hod ho hom hot hop . Hu huf hug hul hu hum hue . La lad lag lap la las law lay . If your Scholler bee ready in the former termes of a vowell , consonant , and a syllable , you may now teach him what a Dipthong is , especially those in the former Chapter , ai , ei , ●● , au , eu , ou , Le led leg le les let . Li lib lig lim li lip . Lo lob log lo lol lop los lot low . Lu lug lu lul . Ma mad mam man ma map mas mat maw may . Me meg men mes . Mi mil mis. Mo mop mos mow . Mu mul mum mur. Na nag nam nay . Ne nel net ne new . Ni ni bib nil nip nit . No nod nor not now . Nu num nun nut . Pa pan pas pat paw pax pay . Pe ped peg pen. Pi pid pil pix . Po pod pot . Pu pul pur pus put . Ra rag ram ran rap rar raw ray . Re red row . Ri rib rig rim rip . Ro rob rod ros rot . Ru rub ruf rug run . Ta tap tar tax . Te teg tel ten tow . Ti tib til tin tip tit . To tog tom top tos tow toy . Tu tub tug tun tut . * In these kinde of words of one syllable , we vse onely ( c ) before ( a , o , u ) and ( k ) before ( e , and i ) and not otherwise , except in fained words , as Cis for cisse●y : Kate for Katherine ; as in some proper names , as Cis the father of Soul. But we vse ( s ) before any vowels : therefore haue I placed them as you see . Ca cal cam can cap cat . Ke ket key . Ki kid kis kit . Co cob cod cog co com cow coy . Cu cud cuf cul cu cup cur cut . Sa sad sag sam sa saw , se sel set . Si sip sir sit , so sob som sop sot sow . Su sum , su sup . Ia iar iag iaw . Ie iet iow . Iu iud . Ye yel yes yet . Va vau vat . Ve ver . Wa wag wan was wat way . We wed wel wet . Wi wil win . Wo wol wot . Qua quaf quat . Qui quil quib quit . * This speech is made onely of the words taught before , where you are not to regard the sence beeing friuolous but onely to teach distinct reading . And this obserue in the rest , making your scholler to read them perfectly , but not the titles of Chapters , nor the Notes in the Margent , * Boy goe thy way vp to the top of the hill , and get me home the bay Nag fill him well and see he be fat , and I will rid me of him : for hee will be but dull , as his dam ; if a man bid well for him , I will tell him of it ; if not , I doe but rob him : and so God will vexe me , and may let me goe to hell , if I get but a Iaw-bone of him ill . Heere examine your scholler what Consonants will follow b , and Let him answer ( l ) or ( r ) and so practice him in all the rest . For the more perfect hee is in them , the more ease and be●●fit you shall finde , when you come to the rules of Division in the second Booke . I cal● ( h ) a Consonant here , and elsewhere for examples sake , which properly is 〈◊〉 , to auoid multitude of Rules . CHAH. III. SEtting downe onely all those Syllables that are of three letters beginning with two Consonants . Bla ble bli blo blu . Bra bre bri bro bru . Cha che chi cho chu . Cla cle cli clo clu . Cra cre cri cro cru . Dra dre dri dro dru . Dwa dwe dwi dw● ** . Fla fle fli flo flu . Fra fre fri fro fru . Gla gle gli glo glu . Gna gne g●i gno gnu . Gra gre gri gro gru . Kna kne kni kno knu . Pla ple pli plo plu . Pra pre pri pro pru . Sca sce sci sco scu . Ska ske ski sko sku . Sha she shi sho shu . Sla sle sli slo slu . Sma sme smi smo smu . Sna sne sni sno snu . Spa spe spi spo spu . Sta ste sti sto stu . Swa swe swi swo ** . Squa sque squi squo squu . Tha the thi tho thu . Tra tre tri tro tru . Twa twe twi two ** . Wha whe whi who whu . Wra wre wri wro wru . CHAP. IIII. HEere are adioyned the Syllables of the former Chapter , with the second sort of those in the fir●t Chapter , beginning with ( ab . ) And then teach to read words made of those Syllables . Bla blab . Ble bled bles blew . Bli blis . Blo blot . Blu blur . Although I haue so disposed these words , as that the latter Chapters are a repetition of the former , yet would I haue ●chollers in ●uery fourme , say ouer in part some of that they haue learned , and appose one another , as I haue taught in the first Chapter of the second Booke . Bra brag bran bra bras brot bray . Bre bred bret brew . Bri brim . Bro brow . Cha champ chap chas chat . Che chew . Chi chi● chip . Cho chod chop . Chu chub . Cra crab crag cram . Cre crew . Cri crib . Cro crop cros crow . Cru crum . Dra drab draf drag dram draw dry . Dre dreg dri drip . Dro drum drop dru . Dwe dwell . Fla flag flap flat flaw flaxe . Fle fle● . Fli flit . Flo flot flow flox . Flu flux . Fra fray . Fre fret fri frig . Fro frog fr●● frow . Gla glad glas . Gle glew . Gli glid . Glo glos glow . Glu glum glut . Gna gnat gnaw . Gra graf gras gray . Gri grig grip . Gr● gr●● . Kna knap knaw . Kni knit . Kno knor know . Knu knub k●●●● . Pla plat play . Plo plod plot plow. Plu plum . Pray prat pray . Pre pres . Pri prig . I haue placed ( c , and k ) as in the second Chapter , although you shall finde ( k ) written before ( a ) and ( u ) as in skarlet , skul , yet doe the most exact Writers say scarlet , scul : but Kalender . Sca scab scan scar . Ske skeg scep skew ski skil skin skip . Sco scof scot scul scum . Sha shed shad shal , shed she l shew . Sla slab slay sle slew . Sli slid slip slit slo slop slow , slu slut . Sme smel smi smit , smo smot , smu smut . Sna snag snah snat , sni snip , sno snow , snu snut . Spa span spar , spe sped spel spew . Spi spil spin spit , spo spot , spu spur . Sta stat stag star stay , stem . Sti stif stil stir , sto stod stow , stu stub stuf stur . Swa swad swag swan swap sway , swe swel . Swi swig swil swim . Tha than that thaw , the them then they . Thi thin this , tho thou , thu thus . Tra trap tray . Tre trey . Tri trim trip . Tro trop trow troy . Tru trub trus . Twy twig , Wha what . Whe when whey . Whi whip . Who whol whom . Wra wrap . Wre wren . Wri wrig wril . Wro wrot . Squa squab squad squat , squi squib . I met a man by the way this day , who when he saw me , hit me a blow that it did swell , for that I did not stir my cap when I met him . But I fled from him , and ran my way , then did he fret and out-ran me , and drew out his staff● that had a kno● on the end , and hit mee a clap on the scull , and a cross● blow on the leg , so that I did skip at it : yet was I glad to know and to see as in ● gla●●e my bad spot : and I will pray him that if he shall see mee so grosse , and so far out of the way , that he will wh●p me well , ●o that I may know what I am to doe . CHAP. V. SEtteth downe all Syllables of foure Letters beginning with three Consonants . Secondly , joyneth them like the former Chapter , with like practice of reading . Lastly , it teacheth syllables made of Dipthongs . Appose your Scholler in these , as I willed you in the third Chapter for the same purpose : the first of these is euer ( s , or th ) Scra scre scri scro scru . Skra skre skri skro skru . Scla scle scli sclo sclu . Skla skle skli sklo sklu . Shla shle shli shlo shlu . Shra shre shri shro shru . stra stre stri stro stru . spla sple splt splo splu . spra spre spri spro spru . thra thre thri thro thru . thwa thwe thwi thwo . Scra scrap scrat skre skru scre scrub . Shra shrap ▪ shre shred shrew , shri shrig shril , shru shrub shrng . Stra strag strau stray , stre stres , stri strop strut , Spla splay , spli split . Spra sprat , spre spred , spri sprig . Thra thral . Thro throt . Thru thrum . Make your scholler know perfectly these Dipthongs : and vse him to spell the two last by their sound , and not call them double ee , or double oo . Ai ail ●ail quail stai staid brai brain twain , wai waie . Bra brau braul scaul lau laud. Toi toil boi voil spoil . Ioi ioin coin hoi hois . Ou our your out stout fou foul soul cloud hou hous . Fée féed bléed shée shéep fée féel héel quéen . Bo boo book look hook hood stood good fool hool stool . CHAP. VI. TEaching all Syllables of three Letters , that can end any word with two consonants . The former Chapters do fully teach to begin any word : these are for endings which wee call terminations ; therefore heere I am enforced to vse syllables that are not words . Abl ebl obl ubl . Abs ebs ibs obs ubs . Ach ech ich och uch . Acl / Akl ecl / ekl icl / ikl ocl / okl ucl / ukl Adg edg idg odg udg . Ads eds ids ods uds . Alf elf ilf olf ulf . Ald eld I ld old uld . Alk elk ilk olk ulk . Alm elm ilm olm ulm . Alu elu ilu olu ulu . Alp elp ilp olp ulp . Al 's els ils ols uls . Alt elt ilt olt ult . Amb emb imb omb umb . Amp emp imp omp ump . Ams ems ims oms ums . And end ind ond und . Ang eng ing ong ung . Ank enk ink onk unk . Ans ens in s on s uns . An t ent in t on t unt . Apl epl ipl opl upl . Aps eps ips ops ups . Apt ept ipt opt upt . Arb erb irb orb urb . Ard erd ird ord urd . Arf erf irf orf urf . Arg erg irg org urg . Ark erk irk ork urk . Arm erm irm orm urm . Arn ern irn orn urn . Arp erp irp orp urp . Ars ers irs ors urs . Art e rt irt ort urt . Ash esh ish osh ush . Ask esk isk osk usk . Asl esl isl osl usl . Asp esp isp osp usp . Ast est ist ost ust . Aith eith i th o th uth . Atl etl itl otl utl . At s ets its ots uts . CHAP. VII . ADioyneth the syllables of the former Chapter with the first of the first Chapter , and others that begin syllables with such practice of reading as before . Babab babl . Gagad gadl wrab wrabl scrabl . Pe ped pedl . Bi bib bibl nibl dri dribl scri scribl . Co cob cobl bobl go gob gobl hob hobl . Hu hub hubl stu stub stubl . Cra crab cras , dra drab dras , stab stabs . We web webs . Ri rib ribs . Lo lob lobs , so sob sobs . Tu tubs stubs . * Ri ich rich whi which . Mu uch much su such . La lad lads , shad shads , squads . Be bed beds peds . Li lid lids . Go god gods rods . Ba ba● batl snact . Mu mufl shufl rufl . Ha haf haft craft . De def cleft . Gi gif gift lift rift si sift clift . Lo lof loft soft . Hu huf huft tuft . La lau laugh . Hi high nigh , plo plou plough , thro through . Da dag dagl gag pagl wagl dragl stragl . Gi gigl higl wri wrig wrigl . Go gog gogl ▪ stru strug strugl . Ba bal bald sca scau scaul scauld . He hel held geld . Gi gil gild mil mild pild child wi wild . Bo bou bould gould hould would should . Cu culd . Ca cal calf half ralf . Pe pel pelf self shelf twel twelf . Gu gul gulf . Ba bal balk chalk walk stalk . Mi mil milk silk . Yo yol yolk . Hu hul hulk . Ba bal balm ealm palm . He hel helm . Fil film . Hol holm . Fa fal faln . Sto stol stoln , swo swoln . Sca scal scalp . He hel help . Whe whelp . Gu gul gulp . Fa fal fals . Pu pul puls . Fa fal falt . Sha shalt . Be bel belt felt melt smelt . Gi gil gilt hilt tilt wilt spilt . * La lam lamb . Kem kemb . Com comb . Dum dumb thumb . Cam camp damp lamp cramp stamp . Shri shrim shrimp . Po pom pomp . Du dum dump . Iu ium tump cump stump . Da dam dams hams . Ste stem stems . Plu plum plums . Da dau daua daunc faunc iaunc launc chaunc . Fe fen fenc penc henc . Qui quiuc st●c . O● oun ounc . Ba ban band hand land sand wand . Ben bend lend spend send . Fi fin find blind wind . Bon bond . Ho houn hound round . Ha han hang. Si sin sing thing string . Yo you yong strong wrong . Du dun dung . Ba ban bank rank blank flank frank shank . Li lin link brink pink drink shrink . Mon monk . Pa pan pant plant gra graunt haunt . Be ben bent lent ment rent went shent spent . Di din dint mint flint mint splint . Fo fon font wont . Hu hunt lunt blunt . Da dap dapl grapl gripl . Ni nip nipl . Co cou coupl . Ca cap caps raps traps chaps . Hip hips lips quips . So sop sops tops chops drops strops . Ca cap capt grapt lapt chapt shrapt . Ke key kept . Di dip dipt ript tipt slipt skipt tript stript . Do dop dopt sopt copt cropt . Su sup supt . He her herb . Cu cur curb . Ca car card gard lard quard ward yard . Be ber berd . Gi gir gird . Lo lord word . Cu cur curd . Ca car carf dwarf scarf wharf . Tu tur turf . Ba bar barg larg charg . Ve ver verg . Di dir dirg . Go gor gorg . Su sur surg spurg . Ba bar bark dark hark mark park clark spark . Wo wor work . Lu lur lurk . Ba bar barm farm harm warm charm swarm Te ter term . Fi fir firm . Wo wor worm storm . Ba bar barn warn yarn . Fer fern quern stern . Bo bor born corn torn . Bu bur burn turn spurn . Ca car carp harp warp sharp . Ver vers . Wo wors . Cu cur curs purs . Ca cart dart hart part quart wart smart swart . Di dir dirt . For fort sort short . Hu hur hurt . Da dash da * ash lash ra rash gua guash , Fre fresh . Fi ish fish . Gu ush gush push rush tush blush brush crush . Ca cas cask mask task . Des desk . Hu hus husk musk . Fri fris fris● wrist . Mu mus must rust . Ga gas gasp hasp rasp wasp . Ri risp wisp crisp . Cas cast fast hast last tast vast wast chast . Be bes best , ie iest nest rest west yest chest wrest . Fi fis fist list wist . Co cos cest host lost most post . Du dus dust lust must rust . Ra rat ratl pratl . Ke ket ketl . Ti titl spitl . Ru rut rutl . Ba at h bath say saith hath lath at h saith wrath . Wi ith with sith . Do oth moth mouth south flouth . Thru thrust . Thra thre thresh . Thro throng . Thwa thwai thwait thwaits . Tell me now in truth : How rich art thou ? What hast thou that is thine owne ? A cloth for my table , a horse in my stable , Both bridle and saddle , and a child in the cradle ( But no bag of gold , house or free-hold . My Coine is but small , finde it who shall : For , I know this my selfe , it is all but pelfe ) : Both cow and calf : you know not yet half . She doth yeeld me milke , her skin , soft as silke . I got , without help , a cat and a whelp ; A cap and a belt , with a hog that was gelt ; With a pot of good drink , full to the brink . And I had a Lark , and a Fawn from the Park , Thus much in haste , may serue for a taste . And so I must end , no vaine word to spend . CHAP. VIII . TEaching words ending first in three , then in foure Consonants , containing the hardest s●llables of all sorts , with practice of reading ●he same . Cat ca caught naught taught . Ey eight . Hei height weight . Si sight bright . Bou bought ought fought wrought sought . Ru rug rugl rugls . Bel belch welch . Fi fil filch milch pilch . Am amb amble bramble . Scra scramble . Ni nimbl wimbl . Fu fum fumble mumble stumble . Ni nim nimph . Am amp ampl sampl crampl . Tem templ . Pim pimpl . Pu pum pump pumpl . Pomp pomps . Pumps . Ba * bla●ch branch panch . Ben bench wench wri wrinch . Ca can candl handl . Spren sprendle . Ma man mantl . Spra spran sprantl . Grun gruntl . Ten tenth . Ni nin ninth . De dep dept . Ca cam camp campt stampt . Tem tempt . Stum stump . Ki kind kindl spindl . Bu bun bundl . An * ankl . Wri wrinkl sprinkl . Un vncle . Man mangl tangl strangl wrangle . Min mingl singl . Ga gar garb garbl marbl warbl . Cu curb curbl . Ci cir circ circl . Far fard fardl . Gir girdl . Hu hur hurdl . Gar gargl . Hu pur purp purpl . Ki kir kirt kirtl mirtl . Tur turt . Wo wor world . Cu cur curld . Ca cast castl . Wra wrast . Thi thist thistl . Iust iustl . Da dash dasht lasht swasht . Pu push pusht rusht . As ask askt . Cla clas clasp clapt . Ca catch watch scratch . It itch witch . Words ending in foure conso●ants , most of ●hem being the plurall number . Len length strength . Eygh weight weights Hand handl handls . Spin spindls hardls girdls . Turtls . Worlds . As I went through the Castle-yard , I did chance to stumble in a queach of brambles , so as I did scratch my heeles and feet . and my gay girdle of gold and purple . Then I sought how I might wrastle out , but I dasht my hands into a bundle of thistles ; till at length , by the strength of mine armes and legs . I wrought my self out , but did catch a cough , and caught a wrench in mine ankle , and a scratch on my mouth : but now I am taught , whilest I am in this world , how to wrangle with such as are too strong ▪ and full of might for me . The end of the first Booke . The second Book of the English Schoole-MASTER . Wherein are taught plaine and easie Rules how to diuide truely and certainly any long and hard word of many Syllables , with Rules for the true writing of any word . CHAP. I. In this Chapter are set downe the words of Art vsed in this Treatise , with other necessary rules and obseruations , especially for words of one Syllable , both for true writing and reading . I diuide your syllables for you , vntill you haue rules of diuision , and then I leaue you to your rule . Master . DOe you thinke your selfe so suf-fi ci-ent-ly in-struc-ted to spell and read distinctly any word of one syl la-ble , that now we may procéed to trach Rules for the true and eas●● di-ui-si-on of any word of ma-ny syl-la-bles ? Scholler , Sir : I doe not well vnderstand what you meant by a syl-la-ble ? Mast . A syl-la-ble is a perfect sound made of so many letters as we spell together : as , in di-ui-si-on , you sée are foure syl-la-bles . Schol. Now ma●ny let-ters may be in a syl-la-ble ? Ma. A-ny num-ber v●-der ni●● ; as , I do say that welsh knight , broug●t ▪ strength . Schol. What let-ters make a syl-la-ble a-lone ? Ma. Any of the vowels ; a , e , i , o , u , as a-ny e-uill , I-doll , o uer-tur-neth , v-ni ty . Schol. But Sir , I sometime find two vowels to-ge-ther in one syl●able , what shall I doe with them . Ma. You must then call them a * Dipthong , which is nothing else but a sound made of two vowels . Schol. Will any two vowels make a Dipthong ? * Teach , that any two vowels that will make a perfect sound , is called a Dipthong . Ma. No , no●e that are fully soun-ded , but these : oi , ei , oi , au , eu , ou , oo , ee ; as in say , either , coin , taught , eu eu-nuch , ought , good , feed . Which when you finde , you must joyne to-ge-ther , ex cept in some proper names , as in Beer-she ba , Natha-ni-el , so in see ▪ eth , agree-ing , and such words , where a syllable begins with ( e or i ) is added to a per-fect word ending in ( e ) as see , a-gree , de-gree . But aa , oo , and such like , make no dipthongs , and therefore may not be ioyned . Schol. Yet doe I finde ia , ie , io , iu , va , ve , vi , vo , ioyned toge ther , as in Iames , Iesus , ioyne , Iudas , va-lew , ve-ri-ly , visir , vow : I pray you , are they then no dipthongs . Mast . No , for i and v. ioy-ned with a vo-well in the be-gin-ning of a syl-la-ble , are tur-ned from vo-wels in-to con-so-nants , as A ▪ hi-iah . Schol. What meane you by a Consonant ? Mast . I meane all the other let-ters ex-cept the vo-wels , which can spell nothing without one of the vo-wels : as take ( e ) out of strength , and strngth will spell nothing . Schol. Why Sir , ( y ) did euen now spell a word , yet is there in it none of the fiue vowels . Ma. Indéed ( y ) is often vsed for ( i ) when it is a vo-well ; but when they be Con-so-nants , they differ : for ( y ) is also a Con-so-nant , when it is ioyned in the beginning of a syl-la-ble with a vo-wel , as in yes , you : so iet dif-fe-reth from yet and such like . Schol. I pray you shew me the reason why in ( like ) which was the last word you vsed , and in many other before , you put e in the end , which is not sounded . Ma. This letter e in the end of a word not sounded , hath two principall vses . The first and chiefest is to draw the syl-la-ble long : as he is made , mad . A Mill dam. A ●●rewd dame . My man hath cut my horse mane . A great gap . gape wide . Spare this Spar. Be ware of war. * Feed vntill thou hast well fed . * In this sound when ( e ) is long , it is commonly doubled and made a Dipthong . Make your Schollers very perfect in these : and then you may try th●m in other like . You feele not my paine . The waspe is fell . He hid the Oxe hide . At is a mile to the mill . A little pin . My flesh doth pine . A branch of fir : good for the fire . A dor fitteth on the doore . Tos the ball . Tose the wooll . You haue a dot on the nose , and you dote . Rud is not rude . A tun of wine , the tune of a song : Schol. What is the second vse ? Mast . It changeth the sound of some letters : but this vse , with the further de-cla-ra-ti-on of this let-ter , because it is har-der than you will at the first ea-si-ly conceiue , I will referre you vnto another place . Schol. Are no o-ther let-ters not all , or but lit-tle pro-noun-ced . M. Yes , ve-ry ma-ny : as ( a ) is not pro-noun-ced in earth , goat ; nor ( e ) in George ; nor ( i ) in brief ; nor ( o ) in people : neither is ( u ) pro-noun-ced in guide . All which words of all sorts I will set downe af-ter-ward ; when I haue gi-uen you more ne-ces-sa-ry rules in these thrée first Chapters , and you bet-ter a-ble to vse them . CHAP. II. By this Chapter , you shall easily and plainly know how many syllables are in euery word . Mast . IF you di-li-gent-ly ob-serue these things , you cannot erre in any word of any one syllable : therfore I will pro-céed in the di-ui-si-on of syl-la-bles ; which if you care-fully mark , you shall ne-uer faile in di-ui-ding the longest or hardest word that euer you shall reade . Schol. That will as-su-red-ly bring me great pro-fit and plea-sure : for when I méet with a long hard word , I stick so fast in the mite , that I can nei-ther goe forward nor backward . And I ne-uer yet heard that any such rules hath béen e-uer yet taught by a-ny . I pray you there-fo●● tell me what is the first generall rule , or the chiefest ground in this work . Ma. Briefly it is this : Marke how ma-ny vo-wels you haue in a word , as in streng●h , ti-ed , e-spi ed , sub-mis-si-on , sa-lu-ta-ti on , re-ge-ne-ra-ti on , ex-tra-or-di-na-ri-ly ; in which se-uen words , you haue as ma-ny syl-la-bles as vowels : and aboue se-uen syl-la-bles , I remember no word . Mast . But I fi●d the con-tra ry euen in this rule : for in the words you , haue brief : are ●no vo-wels th●n syl-la-bles . Ma. It is well obserued , therefore you must know that you can hard-ly find a ge-ne-rall rule with-out some ex-cep-tious . Schol. How ma-ny ex cep-ti-ous hath it ? Mast . Thrée . The first is , when there is ( e ) in the end of a word , or a-ny o-ther vo-well not at all , or but lit-tle pro-noun-ced ; as in chiefe , haue , twice : wherein we sound not ( i ) in chiefe , nor the last ( e ) in any of them . Schol. What is the se-cond ex-cep-ti-on ? Ma. The second is , if there be a Dip-thong , as in may ▪ your , then haue you two vowels in one syl-la-ble ? Schol. Are there not thrée vowels in your ? Ma. No : for , I told you before , that ( y ) before a vowell in the same syllable , is a consonant . Schol. What is the third ex-cep-ti-on ? Mast . Words ending in ( es ) haue a-boue one vo-well ; as Iames , pre-serues , al-waies , names , hides , bones . But of these more shall be said hereafter . Schol. Shall I neuer else find two vowels in one syllable ? Ma. Yes ; after ( q ) alwayes is ( u ) with another vowel , as in quasse , queen , quick . and sometime after ( g ) as in Gualter , language ; otherwise neuer , vnlesse we say , that in words ending in ( uen ) as Hea-uen , e-uen , are in on● syllable , because we commonly prenounce them . CHAP. IX . This Chapter teacheth plaine rules , how to diuide truely the longest and hardest English word that you shall find . Schol. I Haue al ready with ease and cer-tain-ly , learned to know how ma-ny syl-la-bles are in a-ny word , so soone as I sée it : yet know I not how to diuide them truly . Mast . Mark then these rules fol-low-ing , and you shall * neuer faile . The first is is , if you ●aue two vowels come to-ge-ther , both fully pro-noun-ced , and no Dip-thong , you must put the for-mer of them in the for-mer s●l-la-ble , and the latter of them to the syl-la ble following , as in tri-al mu-tu-al , say-ing , try ump● , E phra-im . Likewise when the same con-so-nant is dou-bled , they must be di-ui-ded in like manner , as ab bot , ac cord , ad-der , let-ter , dif-fer , com-mon , ne ces si●tie , &c. * except when they are néed-les-ly dou-bled in words of the plu-rall number , as in plumme● , whipps , hills , cragges , for plums , hils , whips crags . Schol. What meane you by the plurall number ? Mast . When na-●ing a thing , wée speake of mo than one , as one whip , we call the sin-gu-lar num-ber , because it speaketh but of one ; and whips we call the plurall number , because it speaketh of mo than one . Schol. But what shall I doe , when I find but one con-so-nant be-twixt two vo-wels . Mast . a You must put the consonant vnto the vo-well fol-low-ing him , as in o-ver , enough , v-sed , be-cause , re-port , de-li uer , re-ioy ▪ ced , di li-gent , re-ge-ne-ra-ti-on , except in some compound word . Schol. What kind of words be they ? Mast . When two seuerall words which wée call simple words are joyned together , as in saue-gard , two syllables , not sa-ue-gard , thrée syllables , b because it is made or compounded of two seuerall words , saue and gard ; so where-of , there-in , here-out , vn-e-ven , lame nesse , wisely . Where you must note , that if the last part be an addition onely , and signifie nothing , c as ( nes ) in lame-nes , we call that a deriuatiue word , and not a word compounded . Also ( x ) is put to the vowell before him , as in ox en , ex-er-cise , ex-or-eists , the reason is , because d hath the sound of two con-so-nants , ( cands ) and ( cs ) cannot begin a syllable . Schol. What i● there come two diuers con-so-nants betwixt two vowels . Mast . Then if they be such as may , they must be joyned : for those that begin a word , must begin a syllable in any part of the word . Schol. How then shall I know which are Consonants may begin a word , and therefore must be joyned ? Mast . If you turne backe to the third Chapter of the first book , they are set downe together : but because I would haue you very perfect in these letters , I will giue you of euery one an example ; as blesse , crew , child , clap , cre●p , draw , dwell , fl●m , fret , glasse , grat , grace , know , play , praise , scab , shall , skip , flowe , smart , snuf , spend , squib , stand , sway , that , trap , twain , when , wrought . Schol. I pray you now giue examples , how these must be ioyned in words of mosyllables . Ma. Marke then diligently there : restore , not thus , restore , because ( st ) may begin a syllable : it must not thus , rest-ore , because a Consonant ( if there be any ) must begin the syllable ; so in re ▪ fraine , ex-e crable , and such like : but in god-ly , sel dome , trum-pet , lod god , mor-ning , &c. the middle Consonants must bée diuided , because none of these ( dl , ld , mp , dg , rn ) can begin a word , therefore can they not begin a syllable . Againe , you may not spell thus : lodg-ed , because ( g ) may begin a word . Schol. Is then the same reason to bée obserued , if there come thrée or moe Consonants together in the middest of a word ? Ma. Yea , altogether : For as many Consonants as can , must be joyned , and the rest diuided . Schol. How many Consonants may come in the beginning of a word ? Ma. Thrée and no more : therefore , if in the midst there come foure , or mo , they must be diuided , although foure may end a syllable , as in words . Schol. How shall I be sure , which thrée may be joyned ? Ma. They are all set downe in the beginning of the fift Chapter of the first book . But for more plainnesse sake , I will giue euery one of them an example , whereof wée haue an ordinary English word , as scraps , skrew , shrink , stroke , spilt , spring , thrall , twhi●e . Schol. Giue an example for diuiding of these words , wherein many consonants come together . Mast . One or two may serue , if you remember what hath béen taught . As for this word con-straine , you may not say co-nstraine , nor cons-traine , const-raine , nor constr-aine , but con-straine , because ( ns ) cannot begin a syllable ( str ) can , therefore it must begin it ; so im-ploy , King-dome , destruction , ac-know-ledge , trans-gresse , &c. And this rule must you carefully still-practice , that you may readily giue the reason in all such words , why euery consonant must goe to this syllable rather than to that . But still looke , as before , that so●le compound words must be markt , as mis-take , dis-like , transpose , with-out , through-our , &c. Which if they had béene simple words , we must haue spelled them thus , mi-stake , dislike , tran-spose , as yée haue learned , because in composition euery word must haue his owne letters , not mingled with other . Schol. But Sir , some men spell deriuatiue words thus : speak eth , strength en-ing otherwise than you haue taught . Mast . I know it well : yet because if such words should be so spelled , we must for them frame new rules , ( which were to bring a néedlesse oppression on childrens memories : ) and that the former rules can bring no inconuenience , in any word , therefore follow them without feare or doubt . And thus may you , by this that you haue learned , spel truly certainly , & with judgment , any English word , that can be laid before you . Schol. Object . Although all men will grant that these rules must of necessity bring a spéedy course of readi●g to as many as are of yéeres able to discerne , yet many will not easily beléeue that little children can conceiue them , and make vse of them ; and then they will rather bring confusion than profit . Mast . Answ . But experience hath taught the contrary : for a child of an ordinary capacity , will , and hath easily conceiued these rules , being orderly taught . But discretion must be vsed , not to trouble them with any new rule , before they be perfect in the old . The words of art here vsed are not aboue eight , in all ; the most of them I would haue the child learne , while he is learning to spell , in the first booke , as I haue giuen d●rection there in the beginning : which words there , and rules héere being orderly taught , as is prescribed , neuer by ( the blessing of God ) doubt of a comfortlesse successe : therefore I wish that no man with a preindicate opinion , doe reiect them , before he hath made good tryall vpon some ordinary wits : but would haue all such as teach to reade , that they would make their Schollers as perfect in the rules of these thrée Chapters as may bée , being of the chiefest necessity and vse : the other that follow , because some of them be more hard , containing onely difference of sounds of our English letters and other obseruations for true writing , if your child be very young or dull , trouble him with vnderstanding no more of them than he is fit to containe and vse : yet let him learne to reade them all : for it were granted , that he could vnderstand none of them , no , nor some of the former ; yet while he reades them , he learneth as much , and goeth on as fact , as by reading any other matter . For I demand what he vnderstands , when hée readeth a Chapter in the Bible ? Yet will no man deny him profit by reading . And this hath made me longer by the one halfe for plainnesse sake , than otherwise I might , knowing that in practising to reade , he looseth not his labour . Although these three Chapters be of greatest vse for Readers , yet let your Scholler diligently reade the rest . For although he doe not vnderstand some of the rules following at the first reading , yet he may at the second . CHAP. IIII. This Chapter layeth forth a more full declaration of certaine rules mentioned before , as of ( e ) in the end of a word of those letters which are not pronounced , and for writing any words of the plurall number . Schol. I Remember you told me , the ( e ) in the end of a word is not pronounced ; beside that , it draweth the syllable long , it also changeth the sound of Letters : I pray which are they ? Ma. It changeth the sound of these letters u , c , g. when any of these vowels go before , as au , eu , iu , ou , ac , ic , oc , uc , ag , ug , so iu ag , ig , as in * hau , haue , leu , leue ▪ lou ▪ loue , so caue , saue , salue , hiue , thriue : so ( a ) without ( c ) is sounded like ( k ) but ace with ( e ) like ase , as in accord : but place , race ; so lic , lice , truc , truce : also ag , age , as stag , stage , so cag cage ; so ●●g , huge , deluge , so hang , strange , string , fringe , so larg , large , in most of which ( e ) doth also draw the syllable long , a● you saw in ag , age , hug , huge . Where you must marke , that the sound which ( g ) hath in age , and huge , being long , in short syllables is made by putting d , before g , as in badg , trudg . So it is also when e , i , or o , come before g , as leg , ledge , rig , ridge , log , lodg ; which vowels before g , are neuer long except in leig , sieg , which is the putting in i. Schol. But Sir , you haue vsed ( e ) in the end of many words not sounded , when neither it changeth , sound , nor maketh the syllable long : why is that ? Ma. Wée sée it indéed often , but rather of custome , ( as they say ) for * beautie than of necessitie , as after ( i ) but not after ( y ) as in bie , by ; and after two consonants , or a consonant doubled , as in article , angle , barre , chaffe , sonne , whereas the learned languages neither double the consonant , nor vse such ( e ) as the Latines say , mel , as , ros , we mell , as , rosse , And sometime we vse not ( e ) when the word is long , as after ( ll ) as in all , fall , shall , yea , we vse ( as ) longer without ( e ) than asse ; with it . Yet sometime we vse ( e ) after two consonants , to draw the syllable long for difference sake , principally if the end of them be ( l ) as in cradle , ladle ; least they should be pronounced short , like saddl , ladl ; which some men would distinguish by doubling ( dd ) as saddle . But it is both vsuall and néedlesse to write bibbl , and chilld ; to make them differ from bible , and child . And some pronounce these words , blind , find , behind , short : other blinde , finde , behinde , with ( e ) long . Which ( e ) if we should write after some words , it would vtterly ouerthrow the naturall sound , as if we should write hang with ( e ) thus hange , we must pronounce it like strange , and hence ariseth the difference of the last syllable in hanger , and stranger . So words sounding , as long , song ; and ending in ing , as reading , writing , if they should haue ( e ) would sounded like fringe , hinge ; as swing him in a rope , swinge him with a rod , which must not be written with ( dg ) frindg , as some thinke , as the former examples shew , and these words , fringed , hingell , where ( d ) is neuer written . Schol. If this be custome without reason , what certainty shall I hold ? Ma. Although it were good and easie both for our owne Country learners , and for strangers , that certaine rules were knowne and practised , ( which thing might easily be done ) yet because it lyeth not in vs to reforme , I wish you rather to obserue the best , and follow that which we haue , than to labour for innouation , which wée cannot effect . And let this admonition serue for all customes in the rest . Schol. I remember you promised mée to set downe those words which haue other letters besides ( c ) either not at all , or but little pronounced . Mast . I will either set you them downe , or else giue you rules to know them . Marke them therefore as they follow : a is not pronounced , when ( ea or oa ) come together , as in earth , wealth , beautie , abroad , toat , boat . Where ( a ) doth draw the syllable long , like ( e ) in the end , as appeareth by these words , Beast , best , bread , bed , goad , god , coast , cost ; as if you wrote brede , gode , &c. And hereupon this word yeare , yeere , yere , is diuersly written : yet we say , be-atitude , create , cre-a-tor . &c. but creature ; and in forreigne proper names , wée commonly pronounce both , as in Ichoshable-ath , Gile-ad ▪ Teco-a , Bo-az . ( e ) Not pronounced in George , trueth . ( i ) In shield , field , priest , chief , brief , shrieue , grieue , siege , Maister , their , view , mischiefe , fierce , friese , atchieue , marueil , reliefe , griefe , biere , adiew , interfier , kirchiefe , lieutenant , fruit suit , bruise , bruit . ( o ) In people , floud , bloud , yeoman , ieopardy . ( u ) In guest , guife , buy , guide , prologue , build , tongue , guile , guilty , conduit , league , dialogue , plague , epilogue , sinagogue . ( b ) In lamb , comb , thumb , debt , doubt , bdelium . ( c ) In backe , packe , decke , pecke , licke , sticke , rocke , knocke , hucke , lucke . And all alike : for we vse no short words ending in ( e ) without ( k ) so in these that end in ackle , eckle , ickle , ockle , uckle . Schol. Why may we not say that ( k ) is not pronounced in these aswell as ( c ) ? Mast . It differeth not much which : for although that ( k ) doth end our English words when they be long : as in bake , cake , seeke , speake , like , looke , duke : yet these that we make short , the Latines make the same sound in ( c ) as lac , nec , dic , sic , hoc , duc , when we say , lacke , necke , dick , sick , hock , duck . ( g ) In signe , resigne , ensigne , flegme , raigne , soueraigne , Gascoigne . ( h ) In Christ , mirth , Ghost , Iohn , whole , scholler , eunuch , chronicle , authority , anchor , choler , chrystall , Rhene , rhenish , rhetoricke , abhominable , melancholy . So in forreigne proper names , as Thomas , Achaia , Cheaanath , Zacharias , Zichri , Chios , Aristarchus . So those that end in arch , as Monarch : but in the beginning seldome , as Archangell ; therefore commonly writ Arkangell . ( gh ) Comming together except in Ghost , are of most men but little sounded , as might , fight , pronounced as mite , fite ; but in the end of a word some Countries sound them fully , others not at all : as some say , plough , slough , bough : other , plou , slou , bou , Thereupon some write burrough , some borrow ; but the truest is both to write and pronounce them . ( n ) In solemne , hymne . ( p ) In Psalme , receipt , accompt . ( s ) In Isle . ( t ) Is alwaies written , but little sounded before ( ch ) when the syllable is short , not hauing another consonant next , before , as in catch , stretch , ditch , botch , smatch , except in rich , which , much ; in which , custome hath preuailed against rule : But if the syllable be long , or hath another consonant with ( ch ) then ( t ) is not written , as in attach , reproch , couch , b●lch , bench , &c. Here againe obserue , that custome hath preuailed against reason , else why should ( a ) be written in boar , boat , rather than in dore , dote , or ( i ) in fruite , rather than brute ? But to know whan to write them , and when not , you shall find all that may bréed doubt , set downe in the table at the end of the book , where you may aske councell , as your doubts shall arise , and not for those sorts onely , but for any other hard or doubtfull word not mentioned before in this booke . In such rules of writing , you must not onely vnderstand the first originall word but all deriuations rising from them . Note that ● long sounde● , as in Se not as Sea , is alwayes written wi●h ea . Words of the plural number Schol. You told me , you would obserue something more in words ending in es ; I pray you what is it ? Mast . Well remembred it is this : words ending in ( es ) are most of the plurall number , and are made of the singular by adding ( s ) for where it is not néedfull to vse ( e ) in the end of the singular number , it shall not be néedfull to vse es in the plurall , as in iewels , ingines : except the singular end in a vowel , or in ( w ) put for ( ● ) as in flies pies , toes , crowes . Therfore shall you find hands , things , words , more vsuall in the exactest writers , than handes , thinges , wordes , w t ( e ) although both wayes be common : and this maketh the difference betwixt mils and miles , tuns and tunes , curs and cures : and not by writing them being short , with the consonant doubled , as milles , tunnes , curres , which is néedlesse though vsuall , vnlesse it be sometime for difference of words , as to make Sonnes differ from the sound of the latine word sons . Schol. Are there then neuer more syllables in the plurall number , than in the singular . Mast . Yes sometime , as when the singular number endeth in ce , ch , gd , dg , s , or sh , As in graces , places , churches , cages , hedges , noses , fishes . And this maketh the difference betwixt gags for the mouth , and gages for a Uessell . Note also , that if the singular number end in ( f ) it is turned in the plurall into ( u ) as wife , knife , calfe , whose plurals are wiues , kniues , calues . Schol. Doe all words of the plurall number end in es ? Ma. No , for we may say lice , mice , men , b●●thren , oxen , teeth , feet , kine : and many other . And sometime the singular and plurall are both one ; as one sheepe , ten sheepe , one mile , twenty mile , or miles . CHAP. V. This Chapter teacheth all obseruations that are necessary for the perfecting of a Scholler . VVHat is the first thing next to be learned ? You shall f●nde some word witten with ( e ) and ( o ) single , when they should be written with the dipthongs , ee , oo , as he , be , me , she , do , mother , for hee , bee , mee , doe , &c. but * thee when we speake vnto one , and the otherwise , and so must their pronunciation differ , as I will tell thee the matter . Secondly , that ph , is as much as ( f ) and is vsed onely in words borrowed from the Gréeke tongue , as in Physicke , Prophet , Philip , Phenice : for the rest looke the Table . Thirdly some letters beside those before mentioned , haue not alwayes one and the same soound : as th is commonly sounded : as in these words , thanke , theefe , third , throt , thump : except in these words following , that , fatham , the , them , then , there , their , these , brothel , furthest , thine , this , thither , worthy , thou , through , thus : and in words of moe than one syllable , ending in ther , thed , theth , thest , thing ; as father , breathed , breathest , bathest , seething . Also ( g ) when ( e ) or ( i ) follow , brings great hardnesse to our learners and strangers , being diuersly sounded : ( ge ) most often soundeth as ( ie ) as in * agent , gorget , gentle , gentile , except in these words , together , get , bragger , target , burgen , gesse , gled , gow , gnawes , viniger , anger , finger , hanger , hunger , eag●r , suger . And ( g ) as ( ij ) as in grant , ginger , clergy , imagin , &c. except in begin , biggin , giddy , gift , gig , giglet , gild , gilty , gimlet , ginni-hen , gird , girdle , girle , girth , gittron , giue , giues , Gibbon : and deriuatiues ending in ger , gec , geth , ge●● , ging ; which follow the sound of the words whereof they be made , as in hanger , hanged , hangeth , hang●st , hanging . Some men thinke that these words might be thus differently written : a childes gig , a Scottish jig , the gill of a fish , and a jill of wine . But our English tongue will hardly beare ( ij ) in one syllable : Therefore to be sure when to write ( g ) and when ( i ) know that the sound ( gi ) is alwayes written with ( g ) and write ( ie ) alway with ( i ) sauing in those words that you shall finde written with ( g ) in the Table . But our English proper names are written as it pleaseth the Painter , or as men haue receiued them by tradition ; otherwise , why should Iermine be written otherwise than the first syllable in Germane ; or lesse , rather than Gesse ? and this I take to be the reason , why Gifford is diuersly pronounced and made two different names , which is most like to be at the first but one ; yea , I haue knowne two naturall Brethren , both learned to write their owne names differently . Moreouer ( ti ) before ( on ) is pronounced as ( fi ) as in redemption : except s or x goe before i , as question , adustion , mixtion ; and commonly before other vowels , as in patience , Egyptian ; except when a syllable beginning with a vowell , is added to a perfect word ending in ( ti ) as if ( ing ) be added to pitty , or est to lofty , it is pittying , loftiest . But the hardest thing in our English tongue , for true writing , is to discerne when to write ( ce or se , ci or si ) or both as science : therefore many words that are méerely English , are almost left indifferent : as some write fausset some fauset , other faucet : so pincers , or pinsers : bullace , or bullasse , so ●e bulleis : so Si●●ers , or cisers , but exactly it is scissers . But because the most are written with ● , as seat , serue , side , sicke , &c. therefore you may write ( s ) before ( e and i ) except with those words that are written with ( c ) in the Table , or any other made of them by * deriuation or composition ; as if you know how to write Cite , you must so write incite , citation , incitation , and so in other . Note , that ance , ence , ince , once , ounce , ancy , ency , are vsually written with ( c ) so it is after ( a ) in the end , as temperance , prudence , excellence , grace , &c. except in case , base , chase , or when ( s ) is sounded like ( z ) * as amase : words beginning with trans , be alwayes written with ( s ) and circum , with ( c ) as transferre , circumstance . For other exceptions , sée the Table . But to know when to write ci , si , ti , xi , before ( on ) marke that ci , and xi , are seldome , as suspicion , complexion , si more often , as in those that end in casion , cession , cision , cursion , fession , susion , gression , hension , lusion , misaion , passion , pression , pulsion , tision , session , swasion , version , vision , as redemption , &c. but for particulars if you doubt , view the Table . Schol. What else is there to be obserued ? Diuerse writing of the same sound . Ma. That diuers other words of the same pronunciation , by changing their signification , change also their writing , as the reigne of a Prince , the reine of a bridle , & the raine falleth . Two men came to me . Their minds are there . Wait on me , and sell it by weight . Nay , not so , the horse doth neigh. The Sunne shineth , my Sonne cryeth . Stand still here , that you may heare . A true Prophet , bringeth much profit . I heard that which was hard . This Mill-wright cannot write . Some men haue a great summe of money . Sometime we pronounce ( o ) before ( m ) or ( n ) as ( u ) ●● in come , nomber , custome , * some , sonne , &c. The same writing of a diuers sound . Sometimes the same writing is diuersly sounded , as ( s ) sounded like ( z ) as we vse this vse . And when that ( i ) doth so come betwixt two vowels , as that it may be taken for a dipthong or consonant , as Iehoi-dah , or Ieho-jadah . Sometime we shall haue a word diuersly written in y ● same sence , as ( w ) is written for ( u ) as in browne , broune ; but especially in the end of a word . Yet do now , how , differ in sound from know , blow . And therefore I sée no reason why now and how , might not be written as thou and you , thus ; nou , hou , that so to make a difference betwéene these words , to bow a bow , or sow for the sow , we might write to bou a bou , to sou for the sou , and so out and ought , and such like . The same writing in a diuerse sense . Sometime we vse the same writing and sound in words , differing in signification , as the * hart of the Hart panteth . As fowle can fly ouer a foule way . Thou art skilfull in the Art of Grammer . The right eare : Eare thy Land for an eare of corne . My brother May , may liue till May. Sometimes a word is diuersly written and sounded in the same sence , as many beginning with ( in ) intent informe , or entenc , enforme , so bottell , bottle ; yerke , or ierke , jaile , or Gaole . To words ending in ( i ) as monie , iournie , tansie . or money , iourney , tansey . So words ending in ( or ) short may ●e indifferently written with ( or ) and ( our ) as honor , fauor , or honour , fauour , except for , nor , dor , abhor . Further you must mark , that words of moe than one syllable , ending in this sound ( u ) are written with ( ous ) as glorious , friuolous . But words of one syllable , thus , us , trusse . But to know when a word endeth in ( like ) as publike , when in ( que ) as oblique , being both of one sound , is hard , without the Latine tongue , from whence most of them bée borrowed . The best helpe is deriuation ; for we write pubike , because we say publication : for ( c ) and ( k ) here be both ●ne , so ( Rhetoricke , because we say Rhetorician . The last thing I would haue you to marke ; touching this ●art of true writing , is to know when to write ( y ) for ( i ) the ●owell , wherein almost so many men , so many minds ; some ●ill haue it before certaine letters , other when it commeth ●● a dipthong , but more reason they haue which write it when another ( i ) followeth , as in say-ing , or in the end of a word found sharpe , as in deny . But I thinke naturally and truly it ought not to be written , but in words borrowed of the Gréeke , as hypocrite , myrth , mysticall , all which words you shall finde in the Table , where you shall finde no other written with ( y ) for difference sake , although other-where I haue written ( y ) for ( i ) without regard , following the vsuall custome . Schol. But Sir , I read a litle before Psalme , and you did not teach me that Ps . might begin a word . Ma. Well remembred : such diligent marking what you read , will soone make you a scholler : The answer is this , that word is borrowed from the Grecians , and they ioyne consonants that our English tongue doth not , M●●son , Ptol●meus , Rhodus , ctenes , signifying the foure fore-teeth , pnuma a spirit or breath , ●nieus , bastard saffron . But these are very rare ; so we haue many terminations in proper names : and latine words that are not vsuall in English , as fons , ar●ns , falx , arx ; in proper names , alz , anz , ai● , &c. Thus alb , is of the latines ? we vse also in Latine Stlata , not vsed in English : we vse also contract words in English , as hangd for hanged . Sch. Haue I now no more to obserue for distinct reading ? Ma. That which the Grammarians call accent , which is , the lifting vp of the voice in one syllable higher than in another , which sometime differeth in a word written with the same letters , as an incense to incense ; where ( in ) in the former word , as cense in the latter is lifted vp more . You must obserue also , those which we doe call points or stayes in writing , as this marke , like to a small halfe Moon , noteth a small stay ; two prickes thus : makes a longer stay , and one pricke thus . is put for a full stay as if we had ended . When a question is asked , we marke it thus ? * The points are thus called , a Comma , : a Colon , . a Period , ? an Interrogation . When some words may be left out , and yet the sentence perfect , it is noted thus ( ) a Parenthesis . as teach me ( I pray you ) to reade . But for the true framing of your voice in all these , you must craue helpe of your Master . You must also know the short kind of writing vsed in some words : as a strike ouer any vowell for m , or n , as mā for man , cō for con , y e for the , y e for that , y u for you , w t for with &c. for and so forth . In written hand there ys many other , and so a word ending in a vowell , doth lose it sometime when the next word begins with a vowell , as thintent for the intent , which exactly should be written thus , * th' intent . Lastly , you must write the first letter of euery proper name , and of the first word of euery sentence and verse , with those that we call Great and Capitall letters , as Robert , Anne , England , Cambridge : As also when we put a letter for a number , as V. for fiue , X. for ten , L. for fifty , C. for a hundred , D for fiue hundred , M. for a thousand . Lastly , when we put a letter for a word , as L. for Lord , LL. for Lords . B. for Byshop , BB. for Byshops . Schol. Now I am sure that I shall neuer misse in spelling , or reading , nor ( as I thinke ) in writing . Mast . I know not what can easily deceiue you in writing , vnlesse it be by imitating the barbarous spéech of your Country people , whereof I will giue you a tast , thereby to giue you an occasion to take héed , not of these only , but of any like . Some people speake thus : The mell standeth on the hell , for the mill standeth on the hill : so knet for knit , bredg for bridg , knaw for gnaw , knat for gnat , belk for belch , yerb for herb , griffe for graffe , yelk for yolk , ●eam for realme , afeard for afraid , durt for dirt , gurt for girth , stomp for stamp , ship for sheepe , hafe for halfe , sample for example , parfit for perfect , dauter for daughter , certen for certaine , cercher for cerchiefe , leash for lease , hur for her , sur and suster , for sir and sister , to spat for to spit , &c. So doe they commonly put ( f ) for ( u ) as feale for veale . We vse to put ( n ) to the words ( a my or thy when the next word beginneth with a vowell to auoyd a gaping sound . And a nox , a nasse , my naunt , thy nunckle , for an oxe , asse , mine aunt , thine vnckle , &c. Take héed also you put not ( e ) for ( i ) in the end of a word as vnitee for vnitie , nor ( id ) for ( ed ) as vnitid for vnited , which is Scottish : And some ignorantly write a cup a Wine . for a cup of wine ▪ and other like absurdities . Schol. How shall I auoide these dangers . Mast . By diligent marking how you read them written . Schol. May I then neuer vse my proper Country termes in writing . Mast . Yes , if they be peculiar termes and not corrupting of words , as the Northren man writing to his priuate Neighbour may say , My Lathe standeth néere the kirke garth , for My barne standeth néere the Church-yard . But if hée should write publikely , it is fittest to vse the most knowne words . Schol. What can now hinder me , why I should not readily and distinctly read any English ? Ma. Nothing at all , ( if you be throughly perfect in this that I haue taught you ) vnlesse it be want of more practice , which ( although this you haue learned , will so sufficiently teach you , that you cannot faile in any word , though you haue neuer any other teacher , yet for your more chéerefull procéeding , I would wish you if ( you can conueniently ) not to forsake your Master , vntill you haue gone through these exercises following , of which I haue made choice of all sorts , both of prose and verse that you may not be wanting in any thing . Schol. Sir , I will follow your aduice , thanks you for your paines , and craue the Lord his blessing . And now will I appose some of my fellowes , to sée how wée can remember some of these things taught . CHAP. VIII . Here is set downe an order how the Teacher shall direct his Schollers to appose one another . When your Schollers first learne this Chapter , let one reade the questions , and another the answer . When your Schollers appose one the other , let the answerer answer without book . Iohn . VVHo will aduenture his credit with me in apposing for the victory ? Robert. I will neuer refuse you nor any in our fourme , in any thing we haue learned , begin what you will. John. How spell you lo ? Robert. l , o ? Iohn . Spell of ? Robert. o , f. Iohn . Spell from ? Robert. f , r , o , m. Iohn . How write you people ? Robert. I cannot write . Iohn . I meane not so , but when I say write . I mean● spell ; for in my meaning they are both one . Robert. Then I answer you , p , e , o , p ▪ l , e. John. What vse hath ( o ) for you giue it no sound ? Robert. True : yet we must write it , because it is one of the words we learned , wherein ( o ) is not pronounced . John. Are there any moe of them ? Robert. Yea many : I will repeate them if you will. Iohn . No , that would be ouer-long . But tell me , why pronounce you not ( e ) in the end of people ? Robert. It is not pronounced in the end , if there bée another vowell in that syllable . John. To what end then serueth it ? Robert. We haue learned two principall vses : one is , it draweth the syllable long , as h , a , t , spelleth hat , but h , a , t , e is hate . Iohn . How spell you Iesus ? Robert. I , e , s , u , s. John. How know you that this is not written with g , e ? Rob. Because it is not in the Table at the end of my book : for all that be written with g , e , be there , & our Master taught vs that all other of that sound must be written with I , e. John. How write you Circle ? Robert. S , i , r , c , l , e. Iohn Nay , now you misse : for if you looke but in the Table , you shall find , it Circle ▪ Therefore now you must appose me . Robert. I confesse mine error , therefore I will try if I can requite it What spelleth b , r , a , n , c , h. Iohn . Branch . Robert. Nay but you should put in ( u. ) Iohn . That skilleth not , for both wayes are vsuall . Robert. How spell you Might ? Iohn . M , i , g , h , t. Robert. Why put you in ( gh ) for m , i , t , e , spelleth mite ? Iohn . True , but with ( gh ) is the truer writing , and it should haue a little sound . Robert. If your syllable begin with ( b ) what consonants may follow ? Iohn . Duely ( l ) or ( r. ) Robert. Where learne you that ? John. In the third Chapter of the first Booke . Robert. And which will follow ( g ? ) John. l , n , or r. Robert. How proue you it ? Iohn . Because g , l , a , spels gla , g , n , a , gna , and g , t , a , spels gra . Robert. When thrée consonants begin a syllable , how shall I know which they be ? Iohn . We haue them before twice set downe ; besides , put a vowell vnto them , and sée whether they then will spell any thing , as str , put a , and it spelleth stra ; but btra , will spell nothing : they cannot begin a syllable ? Robert. Doth not str , spell stra ? Make your Scholler read ouer this Dialogue so often vntill he can do it a● readily and pronounce it as naturally as if he spake without book . John. It spelleth nothing without a vowell . Robert. How many syllables are in this word rewarded ? John. Thrée . Robert. How proue you that ? John. Because it hath thrée vowels , without any of the thrée exceptions ? Robert. How diuide you them ? John. Re-war-ded . Robert. Why put you w to a ? John. Because it is one consonant betwéene two vowels . Robert. And why diuide you r , and d ? Iohn . Because they cannot begin a syllable . Robert. What is the best way to spell a long word , as this admonition ? Iohn . I must marke how many syllables it hath , which I finde to be fiue , then take the first a , d , ad , then take the next , m , o , mo , then put them together , admo ; so spell and put to the third , admoni , and so vntill you come to the end . Robert. What if a man should did you write this word ? John. I must follow the same order , first write downe ad , then write vnto it mo , admo , then joyne vnto that ni , admoni , so the rest admoniti , admonition . Robert. What is the best way to make vs perfect inspelling hard syllabies . Iohn . My Master doth sometime practice vs in harsh counterfeit syllables through all the fiue vowels , as in thraugh , threugh , thriugh , through , thruugh . Wrasht , wresht , wrisht , wrosht , wrusht . Yarmble , yermble , yirmble , yormble , yurmble . Waight , weight , &c. vaigh , veigh , &c. janch , jench , jinch , ionch , iunch . Rob. What if you cannot tell what vowell to spell your syllable with , how will you doe to finde it ? as if you should write from , and know not whether you shall write it with a or o. Iohn . I would try with all the vowels thus , fram , frem , frim , from : now I haue it . Rob. But Good man Taylor our Clarke , when I went to Schoole with him , taught me to sound these vowels otherwise than ( me thinks ) you doe . Iohn . How was that ? Let the vnskilfull Teachers take great heed of this fault , and let some good Schollers heare their children pronounce these syllables . Rob. I remember he taught me these syllables thus : for bad , bed , bid , bod , bud , I learned to say ▪ bad , bid , bide , bod , bude , sounding a bed to lye vpon , as to bid or command , and bid , as bide long , as in abide : bud of a trée as bude long like rude : for these thrée vowels e , i , u , are very corruptly and ignorantly taught by many vnskilfull Teachers , which is the cause of so great ignorance in true writing in these that want the Latine tongue . Iohn . You say true , for so did my Dame teach m● to pronounce , for sa , se , si , so , su , to sa , see , si , so , soo , as if shée had sent me to see her sow , when as ( e ) should be sounded like the ( sea ) and ( su ) as to ( sue ) one at the Law. Robert. But let mée returne to appose you : how were wée taught to find out the naturall sound of consonants . Iohn . By the sp●ch of a stutterer or stammerer , as to obserue how he laboureth to * sound the first syllable of a word : as if the stammerer would pronounce Lord , before hée can bring it forth , he expresseth the sound of ( l ) which is the first Letter , and so of all the other consonants ? Robert. How many wayes may you expresse this sound si ? John. Onely thrée : si , ci , and sci , or xi , which is ( csi . ) Robert. Now haue you erred as well as I ; for ( ti ) before a vowell doth commonly sound ( si ) and now I will giue you ouer for this time : but I will challenge you againe to morrow , both in some few questions , in som● part of that which we haue learned , and also after every lesson : and as you are insaying , I will marke where you misse , and therein will I deale with you . Iohn . Do your worst , I will prouide likewise for you , and neuer giue you ouer , vntill I haue gotten the victory , for I take not so much pleasure in any thing else all day . Robert. I am of your mind : for I haue heard our Master say , that this apposing doth very much sharpen our wi●s , helpe our memory , and many other commodities . But now let vs looke vnto our Catechisme , for our Master will examine vs next in that . Iohn Nay by your leaue , we shall first read ouer againe all that we haue learned , with the Preface , Titles of the Chapters , and Notes in the Margents of our Books , which we omitted before , because they were too hard : for wée shall goe no further before we be perfect in this . The end of the second Booke . short Catechisme . VVHat Religion doe you professe ? Christian Religion . What is Christian Religion ? It is the true Profession , beleeuing , and following of those things which are commanded and taught vs by God in the holy Scriptures . What call you the holy Scriptures ? The word of God , contained in the Bookes of the Old and New Testamen● . Doth this Scripture or word of God containe in it all points of true religion , and euerything necessary for the Saluation of a Christian ? Yea. Tell me then from this Scripture how many Gods there be ? One. What is God ? An euerlasting Spirit , Immortall , Inuisible , most strong , and onely wise . How many persons are there ? Three . Which be they ? The Father , the Sonne , and the Holy G●ost . How is God knowne ? By his Workes , Word , and Spirit . Who created the World ? * God. Whereof did he create it ? Of nothing , and that by his word . Who made you ? God the Father . How did he create you ? In Holinesse and Righteousnesse . Why were you th●● created ? To glorifie God. Are you able to doe this of your selfe ? No. Why so ? Because I am a sinner . How come you to be a sinner . seeing you were so perfectly created ? By the fall of Adam ? What was his sinne ? Disobedience against God in eating of the forbidden fruit . How comes it to passe that you are become a sinner in Adam ? Because he was the Father of all Mankinde . How doe you proue that you are a sinner ? By the Testimonie of mine owne Conscience , and by the Law of God. What is the Law of God ? A perfect rule of righteousnesse , commanding good , and forbidding euill : the summe whereof is contained in the Commandetmens . How many be there ? Tenne . Rehearse them ? 1 Then God spake all these words and said : I am the Lord thy God , which hath brought thee out of the Land of Aegypt , out of the house of bondage : Thou shalt haue no other Gods but mee . 2 Thou shalt not make to thy selfe any grauen Image , nor the likenesse of any thing that is in Heauen aboue , nor in the Earth beneath , nor in the water vnder the Earth ; thou shalt not bow downe to them , nor worship them ; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God , and visit the sinnes of the Fathers vpon the Children , vnto the third and fourth generation , of them that hate me , and shew mercy vnto thousands to them that loue me , and keepe my Commandements . 3 Thou shalt not take the Name of the LORD thy GOD in vaine ; for the Lord will not hold him guiltlesse , that taketh his name in vaine . 4 Remember that thou keepe holy the Sabbath day ; sixe dayes shalt thou labour , and doe all that thou hast to doe , but the seauenth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God ; In it thou shalt doe no manner of worke , thou and thy Sonne , and thy Daughter , thy Man-seruant , and thy Maid seruant , thy Cattell , and the stranger that is within thy Gates : for in sixe dayes the Lord made Heauen and Earth , the Sea and all that in them is , and rested the seauenth day ; Wherefore the Lord blessed the seauenth day and hallowed it . 5 Honour thy Father and thy Mother , that thy dayes may be long in the Land which the Lord thy God giueth thee . 6 Thou shalt doe no Murther . 7 Thou shalt not commit Adulterie . 8 Thou shalt not Steale . 9 Thou shalt not beare false witnesse against thy neighbor . 10 Thou shalt not couet thy neighbours house : thou shalt not couet thy neighbours wife , nor his Seruant , nor his Maid , nor his oxe , nor his asse , nor any thing that is his . Are these words . I am the Lord thy God , &c. a Commandement , or Preface ? A Preface to the whole Law. How be the Commandements diuided ? Into two Tables or Parts . How many be there of the first Table ? Foure . How many of the second ? Sixe . What doe the Commandements of the first Table teach you ? My duty towards God. What doe the Commandements of the second Table teach you ? My duty towards my neighbour . Are you to vse the Commandements as Prayers ? No , because they be no Petitions , but Commandements . Are you able to keepe them , without breaking any one of them in thought , word , or deed . No ▪ Why ? Because I am ready and disposed by nature to offend both God and my Neighbour . To what end then serueth the Law ? To shew vs our miserie , and to leade vs to Christ , and to be a rule euer after for the well ordering of our liues . What is the punishmant for the breach of the Law ? Eternall destruction both of body and Soule . Js there no way to escape it and be saued ? Yes . How ? By Iesus Christ . Who is this Christ ? The Sonne of God , perfect God and perfect Man. Could there no other mean● or person bee found in Heauen or Earth to saue you , but the Sonne of God must doe it ? No verily . Must he needs be God and Man ? Yes . Why ? First , because he must dye for vs ; and God cannot dye ; therefore he must be Man. Secondly , hee must ouercome Death , which being onely Man. he could not : therefore he must be also God. did he saue vs ? As he was Man perfectly righteous , hee performed the perfect obedience of the Law , and satisfied the justice of God , for me . And as he was God , he ouercame death , and raised vp his body the third day . Are all men partakers of this benefit of Redemption purchased ●y Christ ? No : there are a number that shall haue their part in Hell with the Diuell and his Angels . Who are they that shall haue their part in the death of Christ ? Onely such as truly beleeue . What is Faith ? Faith is a full assurance of my saluation in Iesus Christ alone . Hath euery man this faith in himselfe ? No● for it is the guift of God , and not of nature . How is faith gotten ? By the outward hearing of the Word of God Preached , and the inward working of the Spirit . How is it strongthened and increased in you ? By the same preaching of the Word , and the vse of the Sacraments and Prayer . How shall any man know whether hee haue this true and sauing faith , or no ? By the fruits and markes thereof . What be the fruits of faith ? A hatred of all sin , a continuall care to please God in the duties commanded , and vnfained loue to Gods word , and to his people . Rehearse the summe of your faith ? I beleeue in God , the Father Almighty , maker of Heauen and earth , and in Iesus Christ his onely Sonne our Lord , which was conceiued by the Holy Ghost , borne of the virgin Mary ▪ suffered vnder Pontius Pilate , was crucified , dead and buried ; hee descended into Hell , the third day he rose againe from the dead ; he ascended into Heauen , and sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty , from thence shall he come to judge the quicke and the dead . I beleeue in the Holy Ghost , the holy Catholike Church , the Communion of Saints , the forgiuenesse of sinnes , the resurrection of the body , and the life euerlasting . Amen . How many parts be there of this Creed ? Two. Which be they ? The first is of God : the second is of the Church . vs now come to the meanes of strengthening of faith , as of the Sacraments and Prayer : and first , what is a Saorament ? A Sacrament is a Seale and a pledge of those benefits of my Saluation which I receiue by Christ . How many Sacraments be there in the Church of God ? Two. Which be they ? Baptisme and the Supper of the Lord ? Who ordained them ▪ ? The Lord Iesus . To what end ? To strengthen our Faith , and to further our Repentance ? How many things are to be considered in a Sacrament ? Two. What be they ? The signe , and the thing signified . In Baptisme , which is the signe signified ? Water . What is the thing signified ? The washing away of my sinnes by the bloud of Christ . How is your faith strengthenea by Baptisme ? By Baptisme I am receiued into the family and Congregation of the Lord and am thereby fully assured , that both my sins are forgiuen me , and the punishment due to the same . What doe you professe in Baptisme ? To dye vnto sinne , and to liue vnto Righteousnesse . In the Supper of the Lord , which bee the signes that may bee seene ? Bread and Wine . What doe they signifie ? The body and bloud of Christ ? How is your faith strengthened by the Supper of the Lord ? By the Supper of the Lord my Faith is strengthened , that as I receiue the Bread and Wine into my body to become mine , so doth my Soule receiue withall Iesus Christ , with all the benefits of his death , to bee wholly mine . Is the Bread and Wine turned into the naturall Body and Bloud of Christ , flesh , bloud , and bone . No ; the Bread and Wine of their owne nature are not changed , but in vse they differ from other common Bread and Wine , because they bee approued of the Lord , to be signes of the Body and bloud of Christ . Why then d●th Christ say ; This is my Body ? It is a figuratiue speech vsed in the Scripture ; as Circumcision is called the Couenant : the Lambe is called the Passeouer : and yet is not the Couenant , nor the Passeouer , but a signe of it . How doe you eate Christs Body , and drinke his Bloud . Spiritually , and by Faith. Are all persons without exception , to bee admitted to the Supper of the Lord ? No. Who are to be not admitted ? Children , Fooles , Madmen . Ignorant persons , knowne Heretiques , open and notorious sinners not repenting . What must he doe that will come worthily to the Supper of the Lord ? He must proue and examine himselfe . Wherein must he examine himselfe ? Fi●st , what knowledge he hath in the principles of Religion , and specially in the matter of the Sacrament . Secondly whether he hath true faith in Iesus Christ , or no. Thirdly , whether he be penitent and sorry for his sinnes past . purposing to leaue them , and to liue godly , endeauouring himselfe to be in brotherly loue and charitie with all men . Then it seenieth there be some , who albeit they come , yet they lose the benefit of this Communion in themselues . Yea. Who be they ? Such as come not in Faith , and are not grieued for their sinnes past , as Hypoc●ites , euill men , Church-Papists , priuate enemies to Gods word ; and so many of the godly as come not sufficiently prepared , procure a punishment . What is the other help● you haue to increase Faith ? Prayer . W●at is Prayer ? Prayer is a spirituall action of Faith , wherein we require of God in the name of Christ , all things necessary to his glory , and our comfort . To whom must you pray ? To God onely . In whose name ? In the name of Christ . Then you may not pray to Saints or Angels , or to God in the name of Saint or Angell ? No. Why ? Because there is neither Commandement , promise , nor example in the Scripture for it . How must you pray ? As Christ hath taught me , saying ? Our Father which art in Heauen , hallowed be thy Name : Thy Kingdome come : Th● will be done in earth , as it is in Heauen : Giue vs this day our daily bread . And forgiue vs our trespasses , as we forgiue them that trespasse against vs. And lead vs n●● into temptation . But deliner vs from euill ; for ●hine is the Kingdome , the power and the glory , for euer . Amen . How many Petitions be there in this Prayer . Sixe ; Three concerning the glory of God , and three our owne necessities . What are these words ; Our Father which art in Heauen ? A Preface or Introduction to Prayer . What are these words : For thine is the Kingdome , the power and the glory , for euer ? The Conclusion of the Prayer . What doe you owe to God for all his benefits ? Thankesgiuing . Is it enough that you thanke him with your lips alone ? No : But I must be obedient to his lawes and Commandements : which grace the Lord grant me . Amen . Sundry necessary obseruations of a Christian . 1 THat we keepe a narrow watch ouer our hearts , words 1 , and deed continually . 2 That with all care the time bee redeemed , which hath beene idlely , carelesly and vnprofitably spent . 3 That once in the day at the least , priuate Prayer and meditation be vsed . 4 That care be had to doe and receiue good in company . 5 That our family be with diligence and regard instructed , watched ouer and gouerned . 6 That no more time or care be bestowed in matters of the world then must needs . 7 That we stirre vp our selues to liberality to Gods Saints . 8 That we giue not the least bridle to wandring Lusts and affections . 9 That we prepare our selues to beare the Crosse , by what meanes i● shall please God to exercise vs. 10 That w●● bestow some time , not onely in mourning for our owne sinne , but also for the sinnes of the time and age wherein we liue . 11 That we looke dayly for the comming of our Lord Iesus Christ , for our deliuerance out of this life . 12 That we vse ( as wee shall haue opportunity ) at least as wee shall haue necessity , to acquaint our selues with some godly and faithfull person , with whom wee may conferre of our Christian estate , and open our doubts to the quickening vp of Gods graces in vs. 13 That we obserue the Departure of men out of this life ; their mortality , and vanity , and alteration of things below , the more to contemne the world , and to continue our longing after the life to come . And that we meditate and muse often of our owne death , and going out of this life , how wee must lye in the Graue , and all our glory put off , which will seru● to beat downe the pride of life that is in vs. 14 That wee read somewhat dayly in the holy Scriptures , for the further increase of our knowledge . 15 That we enter into Couenant with the Lord , to striue against all sinne , and especially against the speciall sinnes and corruptions of our hearts and liues , wherein we haue most dishonoured the Lord , and haue raised vp most guiltinesse to our owne Conscience , and that we carefully see our Couenant bee kept and continued . 16 That we marke how sinne dyeth and is weakened in vs ; and that wee turne not to our old sinnes againe , but wisely auoyd all occasions to sinne . 17 That wee fall not from our first loue , but continue still our affections to the liking of Gods Word , & all the holy exercises of Religion , diligently hearing it , and faithfully practising of the same in our liues and conuersations : that wee prepare our selues before we come , and meditate and conferre of that wee heare , eyther by our selues or with others ; and so marke our dayly profit in Religion . 18 That wee be often occupied in meditating on Gods benefits and works , and sound forth his praises for the same . 19 That we exercise our Faith by taking comfort , and delight in the great benefit of our redemption by Christ , and the fruition of Gods presence , in his glorious blessed Kingdome . 20 Lastly , that we make not these holy practises of repentance , common in time , nor vse them for course . A Prayer framed according to this Catechisme . ALmighty God and most mercifull Father in Iesus Christ , as thou hast plainly set before vs our cursed state , in the cleare glasse of thy heauenly Word ; so we beseech thee open our eies to see it , & pierce our hearts to feele it , by the inward working of thy holy spirit , For we ( Lord ) are most vaine and vile creatures , iustly tainted with the rebellion of our first parents , conceiued in sinne , bondslaues of Satan , necessarily , and yet willingly , seruing diuers lusts , and committing innumerable sins against thy Maiesty , whereby we deserue most iustly to endure all miseries in this life , and to be tormented in Hell for euer . But blessed bee thy Name ( O Lord our God ) who when there was no power in vs , no not so much as any desire or endeuour to get out of this woefull estate , hast made vs see and feele in what case wee were , and prouide a most soueraigne remedy for vs , euen thy deare and onely begotten Son , whom thou hast freely offered to vs , not onely kindling in vs a desire to enioy him , but enabling vs by a true and liuely faith to lay hold vpon him , and to be partakers of all his benefits , to the saluation of our soules . And now , Lord , that it hath pleased thee by faith to ioyne vs to thy Sonne Iesus Christ , and by thy Spirit to make vs members of his body , wee humbly pray thee by the same spirit , to renew vs daily according to thine owne Image , worke in our hearts a dayly increase of true faith and repentance , and in our liues a holy and comfortable change . O God , enable vs in all good measure , to walke worthy of all thy mercies , and to serue thee , who hast created and chosen vs , and thy Sonne , who hath redeemed vs from death , and made vs heires of glory ; and thy blessed Spirit , who doth continually sanctifie and keepe vs , with faith , feare , and zeale , in true holinesse and righteousnesse , all the daies of our life . Finally , seeing of thine infinite goodnesse and mercie thou hast appointed diuers excellent and holy meanes , for the daily increase of thy graces in vs , and for the confirming and quickning of vs in Christian conuersation , wee humbly beseech thee to grant all those good meanes vnto vs , and to continue them among vs , giuing vs grace to vse them purely , constant●y , and zealously , to the glory of thy Name , and profit of our brethren , and saluation of our soules , through Iesus Christ ; to whom with thee , O Father , and the Holy Ghost , be giuen all honour and glory for euer . Amen . A thanksgiuing before meate . O My heauenly Father , I thanke thee through Iesus Christ , for making these Creatures to serue me , and for giuing me leaue to feed on them , now I humbly pray thee to giue me grace moderately and soberly to vse them , that my bodily health may be still continued to thy glory , the good of others and mine owne comfort in Iesus Christ . Amen . A thanksgiuing after meate . O Lord , feeling my body to be refreshed with meate and drinke , and my mind also fitter to doe those things that thou requirest of me : let it now be my meat to doe thy will , and those workes which belong to my dutie , with all cheerefulnesse and good conscience , that for these , and all other thy mercies , my thankfulnesse in heart , word and deede , may be acceptable in thy sight , to the end of my life , through Iesus Christ ▪ to whom with thee and the Holy Ghost , be all honor , glory , and thanksgiuing , now and euer . Amen . A Prayer for the morning . O Lord our heauenly Father , we thy poore and wretched creatures , giue thee most humble and hearty thanks for our quiet and safe sleepe , and for raising vs vp from the same . We beseech thee for Christs sake to prosper vs this day in our labour and trauell , that it may be to the discharge of our duty in our vocations : principally to thy glory ; next , to the profit of the Church and Common-weale ; and last of all , to the benefit and content of our Masters . Grant , deare Father , that we may cheerefully and conscionably doe our businesse and labors , not as men pleasers , but as seruing thee our God , knowing thee to bee the cheife Master of vs , and that thou seest and beholdest vs with thy fatherly eyes , who hast promised reward to them that faithfully and truly walke in their vocation ; and threatned euerlasting death and damnation to them that deceitfully and wickedly doe their workers and labours ▪ we beseech thee , O heauenly Father , to giue vs the strength of thy Spirit , that godly & gladly we may ouercome our labors , and that the tediousnesse of this irkesome labour which thou for our sinnes hast powred vpon all mankinde , may seeme to vs delectable and sweete . Fulfill now , O Lord , these our requests , for thy Sonne our Sauiours sake ; in whose Name wee pray as he himselfe hath taught vs , Our Father , &c. A Prayer for the Euening . MOst mercifull God & tender Father , which besides thine inestimable mercies declared and giuen vnto vs in the making of the world for our sakes , in the redeeming of vs by the death of thy deare Son Iesus Christ , in the calling of vs to the knowledge of thy blessed Word , in keeping of vs hitherto in thy holy Church , and in thy most gracious gouerning of vs , and in all things hitherto , for our singular wealth & commodity , hast also most fatherly cared for vs , kept vs this day from all dangers both of soule and body , giuing vs health , food , apparell , and other things necessary for the comfort and succour of this poore and miserable life , which many other doe want : for these , and all other thy good gifts and gracious benefits , which thou of thine owne goodnesse only , and fatherly prouidence , hast hitherto powred vpon , and dost presently powre vpon vs and many other , wee most humbly thanke thee , and praise thy holy Name : beseeching thee , that as all things are now hidden , by meanes of the darkenesse which thou hast sent ouer the Earth , so thou wouldest vouchsafe to hide and bury all our sins ▪ which this day , or at any time heretofore we haue committed against thy holy Commandemēt : and as now we purpose to lay our bodies to rest , so grant the guard of thy good Angels to keepe the same this night and for euermore : and whensoeuer our last sleepe of death shall come , grant that it may be in thee , good Father , so that our bodies may rest both temporally and eternally , to thy glory , and our ioy , through Iesus Christ our Lord. So be it . The 119. Psalme . BLessed are those that are vndefiled in their way : and walke in the Law of the Lord. verse 2 Blessed are they that keepe his testimonies , and seeke him with their whole heart . verse 3 For they which doe no wickednesse walke in his waies . verse 4 Thou hast charged that wee should diligently keepe thy Commandements . verse 5 O that my waies were made so direct , that I might keepe thy Statutes . verse 6 So shall I not be confounded , whilst I haue respect vnto all thy Commandements . verse 7 I will thanke thee with an vnfained heart : when I shall haue learned the iudgements of thy righteousnesse . verse 8 I will keepe thy Ceremonies : O forsake mee not vtterly . The second Part. verse 1 VVHerewith shall a young man clense his way ? euen by ruling himselfe after thy Word . verse 2 With my whole heart haue I sought thee : O let mee not goe wrong out of thy Commandements . verse 3 Thy words haue I hid within my heart , that I should not sinne against thee . verse 4 Blessed art thou ( O Lord ) O teach me thy Statutes . verse 5 With my lips haue I beene telling of all the iudgements of thy mouth . verse 6 I haue had as great delight in the way of thy Testimonies , as in all manner of riches . verse 7 I will talke of thy Commandements , and haue respect vnto thy waies . verse 8 My delight shall bee in thy Statutes , and I will not forget thy Word . Prouerbs , Chap. 4. verse 1 HEare , O'yee children , the instruction of a father , and giue eare to learne vnderstanding . verse 2 For I doe giue you a good doctrine : therefore forsake ye not my Law. verse 3 For I was my Fathers Sonne , tender and deare in the eies of my Mother . verse 4 When he taught me , & said vnto me . Let thine heart hold fast my words , keep my Commandements , & thou shalt liue . verse 5 Get wisedome , get vnderstanding , forget not , neither decline from the words of my mouth . verse 6 Forsake her not , and she shall keepe thee ; loue her , and she shall preserue thee . verse 7 Wisedome is the beginning : get wisedome therefore , and aboue all possessions , get vnderstanding . verse 8 Exalt her , and shee will exalt thee : she will bring thee to honour , if thou imbrace her . verse 9 She shall giue a comely ornament vpon thy head : yea she shall giue thee a crowne of glory . verse 10 Heare my sonne , and receiue my words , and the yeeres of thy life shall be many . verse 11 I haue taught thee in the way of wisedome , and led thee in the paths of righteousnesse . verse 12 When thou goest , thy gate shall not be strait , and when thou runnest thou shalt not fall . verse 13 Take hold of instruction , and leaue not : keepe her , for she is thy life . verse 14 Enter not into the way of the wicked , and walke not in the way of euill men . verse 15 Auoid it , and goe not by it ; turne from it , and passe by . verse 16 For they cannot sleepe , except they haue done euill , and their sleepe departeth , except they cause some to fall . verse 17 For they eate the bread of wickednesse , and drinke the wine of violence . verse 18 But the way of the righteous shineth as the light , that shineth more and more vnto the perfect day . verse 19 The way of the wicked is as the darkenesse : they know not wherein they fall . verse 20 My sonne , hearken vnto my words , incline thine eare vnto my sayings . verse 21 Let them not depart from thine eies , but keepe them in the middest of thine heart . verse 22 For they are life vnto those that find them , and health vnto all their flesh . verse 23 Keepe thy heart with all diligence , for thereout commeth life . verse 24 Put away from thee a froward mouth , and put wicked lips farre from thee . verse 25 Let thine eies behold the right , let thine eie lids direct the way before thee . verse 26 Ponder the path of thy feet , and let all thy waies be ordered aright . verse 27 Turne not to the right hand , nor to the left , but remoue thy foot from euill . The first Psalme . THe man is blest that hath not be●t to wicked read is eare : Nor led his life as sinners doe , nor sate in scorners chaire : verse 2 But in the Law of God the Lord , doth set his whole delight : And in the law doth exercise himselfe both day and night . verse 3 He shall be like the tree that groweth fast by the water side , Which bringeth forth most pleasant fruit In her due time and tide . verse 4 Whose leafe shall neuer fade nor fall , but flourish still and stand : Euen so all things shall prosper well , which this man takes in hand . verse 5 So shall not the vngodly men , they shall be noting so : But as the dust that from the earth the wind driues to and fro . verse 6 Therefore shall not the wicked men in Iudgement stand vpright : Nor yet the sinners with the iust , shall come in place or sight . For why ? the way of godly men , vnto the Lord is knowne : And eke the way of wicked men , shall quite be ouerthrowne . The fourth Psalme . O God that art my righteoulsnesse , Lord heare me when I call : Thou hast set me at liberty , when I was bound and thrall . verse 2 Haue mercy Lord therefore on mee , and grant me my request ; For vnto thee vncessantly to cry I will not rest , verse 3 O mortall man how long will yee my glory thus despise ? Why wander yee in vanity , and follow after lies ? verse 4 Know ye that good and and godly men the Lord will take and chuse : And when to him I make my plaint , he doth me not refuse . verse 5 Sinne not , but stand in awe therefore , examine well your heart And in your Chamber quietly , see you your selues conuert . verse 6 Offer to God the sacrifice of righteousnesse , I say , And looke that in the liuing Lord you put your trust alway . verse 7 The greater sort craue worldly goods , and riches doe imbrace : But Lord grant vs thy countenance , thy fauour and thy grace : verse 8 For thou thereby shalt make my heart , more ioyfull and more glad . Then they that of their corne and wine , full great increase haue haue had . verse 9 In peace therefore lie downe will I , taking my rest and sleepe : For thou onely wilt mee , O Lord , alone in safety keepe . the 50 Psalme . THe mighty God , th' eternall hath thus spoke , And all the world He will call and prouoke : Euen from the East , and so forth to the West : verse 2 From toward Sion , which place liketh him best . God will appeare in beautie most excellent : verse 3 Our God will come , before that long time be spent . Deuouring fire shall goe before his face : A great tempest shall round about him trace . verse 4 Then shall he call the earth and heauens bright , To iudge his folke with equity and right . verse 5 Saying , Goe too , and now my Saints assemble , My pact they keepe , their gifts doe not dissemble verse 6 The heauens shall declare his righteousnesse , For God is Iudge of all things , more and lesse . verse 7 Heare , my people , for I will now reueale , List Israel , I wil thee nought conceale : Thy God , thy God am I , and will not blame thee , verse 8 For giuing not all manner offrings to me . I haue no need to take of thee at all Goats of thy fold , or Calfe out of thy stall : verse 10 For all the Beasts are mine within the woods , On thousand hils Cattell are mine owne goods . verse 11 I know for mine all birds that are on mountaines , All beasts are mine , which haunt the fields and fountaines . The 51. Psalme . The first part . O Lord consider my distresse , & now with speed some pitty take , My finnes deface , my faults redresse , good Lord , for thy great mercies sake : verse 2 Wash me ( O Lord ) & make me cleane , from this vniust and sinfull act , And purifie yet once againe , my hainous crime and bloody fact . verse 3 Remorse and sorrow doe constraine me to acknowledge mine excesse : My sinnes alas doe still remaine before my face without release . verse 4 For thee alone I haue offended , and done this euill in thy sight , And if I were therefore condemned , yet were thy iudgements iust and right . verse 5 It is too manifest alas , that first I was coneiued in finne , Yea of my mother so borne was , and yet vile wretch remaine therein . verse 6 Also behold , Lord , thou dost loue the inward truth of a pure heart : Therefore thy wisedome from aboue , thou hast reueald mee to conuert . verse 7 If thou with hysope purge this blot . I shall be clearer then the glasse : And if thou wash away my spot , the snow in whitenesse I shall passe . verse 8 Therefore , O Lord , such ioy me send , that inwardly I may find grace , and that my strength may now amend , which thou hast swag'd for my trespas . verse 9 Turne back thy face and frowning ire , for I haue felt enough thy hand , And purge my sinnes I thee desire , which doe in number passe the sand . verse 10 Make new my heart within my brest and frame it to thy holy will , Thy constant Spirit in me let rest , which may these raging enemies kill . The 67 Psalme . HAue mercy on vs Lord , and grant to vs thy grace , To shew to vs doe thou accord , the brightnesse of thy face : verse 2 That all the earth may know the way to godly wealth , And all the Nations on a row , may see thy sauing health . verse 3 Let all the world , O God , giue praise vnto thy Name , O let the people all abroad , extoll and laud the same , verse 4 Throughout the world so wide , let all reioyce with mirth : For thou with truth and right dost guide the Nations of the earth . verse 6 Let all the world , O God , giue praise vnto thy name ▪ O let the people all abroad , extoll and laud the same . verse 6 Then shall the earth increase , great store of fruit shall fall , And then our God , the God of peace , shall blesse vs eke withall . verse 7 God shall vs blesse , I say , and then both farre and neere , The folke throughout the world alway , of him shall stand in feare . The 104. Psalme . MY soule , praise the Lord , speake good of his Name : O Lord , our great God , how dost thou appeare , So passing in glory , that great is thy fame ? Honour and Maiesty in thee shine most cleere . verse 2 With light as a robe , thou hast the beclad , Whereby all the Earth thy greatnesse may see . The heauens in such sort thou also hast spred , That it to a curtaine compared may bee . verse 3 His chamber-beames lie in cloudes full sure : VVhich as his chariots are made him to beare : And there with much swiftnesse his course doth endure ; Vpon the wings riding of wind in the ayre . verse 4 He maketh his spirits as Heralds to goe : And lightning to serue , we see also prest : His will to accomplish , they runne to and fro , To saue or consume things , as liketh him best . verse 5 He grounded the earth so firmely and fast , That it once to moue none shall haue such power . verse 6 The deepe a faire couering for it made thou hast : Which by his owne nature the Hils would deuoure . verse 7 But at thy rebukes the waters doe flie : And so giue due place , thy Word to obey : At thy voyce of thunder so fearefull they bee , That in their great raging they haste soone away , verse 8 The mountaines full high , they then vp ascend , If thou doe but speake , thy word they fulfill : So likewise the vallies full quickly descend , Where thou them appointest , remaine they doe still . Their bounds thou hast set , how farre they shall runne , So as in their rage , not passe that they can : For God hath appointed they shall not returne , The earth to destroy more , which was made for man. The 112. Psalme . THe man is blest that God doth feare , And eke his Law doth loue indeed , verse 2 His seede on earth God will vpreare , And blesse such as from him proceed . verse 3 His house with good he will fulfill , His righteousnesse endure shall still . verse 4 Vnto the righteous doth aris● , In trouble ioy , in darkenesse light , verse 5 Compassion is in his eies , And mercy alwaies in his sight : verse 6 Yea pittie moueth such to lend , He doth by iustice things expend . verse 7 And surely such shall neuer faile , For in remembrance still is hee . verse 8 No tidings ill can make him quaile . Who in the Lord sure hope doth see . verse 9 His faith is firme , his feare is past : For he shall see his foes downe cast . verse 10 He did well for the poore prouide , His righteousnesse shall still remaine : verse 11 And his estate with praise abide , Although the wicked doe disd●ine , verse 12 Yea gnash his teeth thereat shall he , And so consume his state to see . The 113. Psalme . YE children which doe serue the Lord , Praise ye his name with one accord , verse 2 Yea blessed be alwaies his Name , verse 3 Who from the rising of the Sunn● , Till it returne where it begun , is to be praised with great fame . verse 4 The Lord all people doth surmount , As for his glory we may count , Aboue the Heauens high to bee . verse 5 With God the Lord who may cōpare ? Whose dwellings in the heauens are , Of such great power and force is hee . verse 6 Hee doth abase himselfe , wee know , Things to behold both here below , and also in the heauens aboue : verse 7 The needy out of dust to draw , And eke the poore which helpe none saw , His onely mercie did him moue : verse 8 And so him set in hie degree , With Princes of great dignity , That rule his people with great fame . verse 9 The barren he doth make to beare , And eke with ioy her fruit to reare , Therefore praise yee his holy name . The 120 Psalme IN trouble and in thrall , Vnto the Lord I call , and he doth me comfort . verse 2 Deliuer me , I say , From lying lips alway , and tongues of false report . verse 3 What vantage or what thing , Get'st thou thus for to sting , Thou false and flatering lyer ? verse 4 Thy tongue doth hurt , I weene , No lesse then Arrowes keene , Of hot consuming fire . verse 5 Alas , too long I slacke , Within these tents so blacke , Which Kedars are by name : By whom the flocke Elect , And all of Jsaacs sect , are put to open shame . verse 6 VVith them that peace did hate , I came a peace to make , And set a quiet life : verse 7 But when my tale was told , Causelesse I was controul'd , by them that would haue strife . The 126. Psalme . VVHen that the Lord , again his Sion had forth broght , From bondage great , and also seruitude extreme : This worke was such as did surmount mans heart and thought : So that we were much like to them that vse to dreame : Our mouths were with laughter filled then , And eke our tongues did shew vs ioyfull men . verse 2 The heathen folke were forced then to confesse , How that the Lord , for them also great things had done . verse 3 But much more wee , and therefore can confesse no lesse . VVherefore to ioy wee haue good cause as wee begun . verse 4 O Lord , goe forth , thou canst our bondage end , As to Desarts the flowing Riuers send . verse 5 Full true it is , that they which sow in teares indeed , A time will come , when they shall reape in mirth and ioy : verse 6 They went and wept in bearing of their precious seede : For that their foes full oftentimes did them anoy . But their returne , with ioy they shall sure see , Their sheaues home bring , and not impaired bee . The 148. Psalme . GIue laud vnto the Lord , From heauen that is so high , Praise him in deede and word , Aboue the starry Skie . verse 2 And also yee , His Angels all , Armies royall , Praise him with glee . verse 3 Praise him both Sunne and Moone , VVhich are both cleere and bright , The same of you be done , Ye glittering Stars of night . verse 4 And eke no lesse . Yea heauens faire , And clouds of the ayre , His laud expresse verse 5 For at his word they were All formed as wee see : At his voyce did appeare All things in their degree : verse 6 Which he set fast : To them he made A Law and trade , For aye to last . The Schoolemaster to his Scholer . MY child & Scholer take good heed , vnto the words that here are set : And see you doe accordingly , or else be sure thou shalt bee beat . First I command thee God to serue , then to thy parents duty yeeld : Vnto all men bee courteous , and mannerly in towne or field . Your clothes vnbuttoned doe not vse , let not your hose vngartered bee , Haue Handkercheife in readinesse , wash hands and face , or see not mee . Lose not your Bookes , ink-horne , or pen , nor girdle , garter , hat or band ; Let shooes be ty'd , pin shirt-band close , keepe well your points at any hand . If broken hos'd and shoo'd you goe , or slouenly in your array , Without a girdle , or vntrust , then you and I must haue a fray . If that you cry , or talke aloud , or bookes doe rend , or strike with knife ; Or laugh , or play vnlawfully , then you and I must be at strife . If that you curse , mis-call , or sweare , if that you picke , filch , steale , or lye , If you forget a Schollers part , then must you sure your points vntye . If to the Schoole you doe not goe , when time doth call you to the same , Or if you loyter in the streets , when we do meet , then looke for blame . Wherefore ( my child ) behaue thy selfe so decently at all assaies , That thou maist purchase parents loue , and eke obtaine thy masters praise . The first part of Arithmeticke , called Numeration . ALL numbers are made by the diuers placing of these nine figures , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , and this circle ( 0 ) called a Cypher . Now looke how many of these stand together , in so many seuerall places they must needs stand . But marke that thou call that which is next the right hand , the first place ; and so go ( as it were ) backward , calling the next vnto him towards the left hand , the second place ; the next , the third place , and so forth , as farre as thou wilt . Secondly the further any figure standeth from the first place , the greater he is : euery following place being greater by tenne times , than that next before ; as ( 5 ) in the first place is but fiue , but ●n the second place ten times fiue , that is fiue times tenne , which is fifty : in the third place , fiue hundred ; in the fourth place , fiue thousand ; and in the fift place , fifty thousand ; and so thou mayest proceed . As for example : the number thus placed , 1630 being this present yeere from the birth of Christ , is one thousand sixe hundred and thirty . And this number , 5551. being this present yeere from the Creation , ( though otherwise commonly taken ) is fiue thousand , fiue hundred fifty one . But my Booke growing greater than I purposed : pardon me ( I pray thee ) though I breake off this matter sooner than ( peraduenture thou maiest thinke ) I promised . Directions for the ignorant . FOr thy better vnderstanding this briefe Cronologie following , I thought good to aduertis● thee thus much . Thou must first bee perfect in the numbers aboue , so farre as concerneth the fourth place . Then marke how I haue diuided the yeeres of the world in the 5 parts called fiue periods , which I , for plainnesse sake , stick not to call Chapters , therefore I begin my account fiue times ; best answering ( as I thinke ) thy demands , when such a one liued , or such a thing done ; for thou commonly mouest thy question one of these fiue waies ; either how long was it after the Creation ? or how long after the Flood ? how long after the departure out of Egypt , and the Law giuen ? how long before Christ ? or how long after Christ ? as thou thinkest it neerest one of these times . If then thou findest the name thou seekest , and the yeere set by it , looke vpward from thence to the beginning of that Chapter , and thou shall see how long that thing thou seekest , was from the time mentioned in the title of that Chapter . Further I haue set it downe ( as thou seest ) in a diuers letter , according to the diuersity of the matter . If then thou seekest for any thing proper to the Bible , or Ecclesiasticall Story , seeke in the Romane and Italica letter , which thou vsest to call the Latine Letter ; and passe ouer those in the English letter , for they concerne not thy purpose . Againe , if thou be a Grammar Scholler , or other , that wouldest find something only concerning any prophane Author , seeke onely in the English letter , passing ouer the other . And because I desire breuity , I haue omitted the Kings of Israel , Egypt Assyria , &c. and the Prophets which wrote not , whose times thou mayest easily finde by conference with the Iudges , and Kings of Iudah . And note , that ( y ) alone standing by any number signifieth ( yeere . ) Finally , my first purpose in making it , was for thy sake that learnest reading . Therefore reade them ●o often , vntill thou canst runne them ouer as fast as any other English . CHAP. 1. After the Creation . God hauing made the World ▪ & created Adam , and Heuah ; their posterity was borne in these yeeres after , as followeth . Yeere 130 Sheth . Yeere 253 Kenosh . Yeere 325 Kenan . Yeere 395 Mahalaliel . Yeere 560 Iared . Yeere 622 Enoch . Yeere 687 Methusalah . Yeere 874 Lamech . Yeere 1056 Noah . Yeere 1556 Iaphet . Yeere 1558 Shem. Yeere 1656 The Vniuersall Flood , after which followeth the generation of Shem. CHAP. 2. After the Flood . Yeere . 2 Arphaxad . Yeere 37 Shelah . Yeere 67 Eber. Yeere 101 Peleg . Yeere 101 Tower of Babel built . Yeere 131 Reu. Yeere 163 Serug . Yeere 192 Nahor . Yeere 222 Terah . Yeere 292 Haran . Yeere 252 Abraham . Yeere 436 Ismael . Yeere 452 Sodome destroyed . Yeere 452 Isaac . Yeere 512 Iacob . Yeere 587 Reuben . Yeere 588 Simeon . Yeere 589 Leui. Yeere 599 Iudah . Yeere 600 Dan. Yeere 601 Naphtali . Yeere 601 Asher . Yeere 602 Issacher . Yeere 602 Gad. Yeere 602 Zebulon . Yeere 604 Ioseph . Yeere 619 Beniamin . These twelue were the sonnes of Iacob , called the twelue Patriarches of whom came these 12. Tribes of Israel . Minerua . Yeere 629 Phares . Yeere 642 Hezron . Yeere 643 Iacob went into Egypt , where they were 215 yeeres . Hercules Lyb . Aram. Premethens . Atlas . Aminadab . Yeere 778 Aaron . Yeere 783 Moses . Iob. Naasson . Salmon Yeere 858 Moses deliuered the children of Israel out of Egypt , then was the Law giuen . CHAP. After the Law giuen . Phaeton burnt . Yeere . 40 Ioshua brought the people out of the wildernesse into the land of Canaan , and raigned 18. yeeres . Yeere . 41 Iubiles began . Yeere . 58 Othoniel iudged Israel 40 yeeres , whereof Cushan the Aramite oppressed them 8. yeeres . Rhadamanthus . Yeere . 80 Boaz of Rahab . Yeere . 98 Ehud and Shamgar iudged 80 yeeres ; whereof Eglon the Moabite oppressed 18 yeeres . Troas ruled in Dardania , and called it Troy. Pegasus . Orpheus . Yeere . 178 Debora & Barak iudged 40 yeeres : whereof Iabin and Sisera oppressed 20 yeeres . Yeere . 198 Obed borne of Ruth . Yeere . 218 Gideon iudged 40 yeeres , whereof the Midianites oppressed 7 yeeres . Theseus . Yeere . 258 Abimelech 3 y. Yeere . 261 Tholay 23. y. Yeere . 284 Iair iudged 22. y. whereof the Ammonites and the Philistims oppressed 12. y. Amazons Battell against Thebes . Yeere . 305 Iesse father of Dauid by Obed. Yeere . 311 Ibzan iudged 7. y. Yeere . 318 Elon 10. y. Troy destroyed . Yeere . 329 Abdon the Pirathonite 8. y. Yeere . 336 Samson 20. y. In the time of these 6 Iudges , the Philistims oppressed . Yeere . 356 Ely the Priest 40. y. Yeere . 397 Samuel and Saul 40. y. Yeere . 332 Brutus came into England , if the Story be true . Yeere . 437 Dauid raigned 40. y. Nathan , Asaph Heman , and Ieduthun Prophets . Yeere . 477 Salomon raigned 40. y. and 481 , in his fourth yeere , built the Temple before the birth of Christ , about 916. y. CHAP. 4. Before Christ . Yeere . 936 Temple built . Yeere . 900 Hesiod . Yeere . 899 Rehoboam ra●gned ou●r Iudah 17. y. Yeere . 882 Abijam 3. y. Yeere . 878 Asa 41. y. Yeere . 838 Iehoshaphat 25. y. Yeere . 813 Iehoram 8. y. Yeere . 805 Ahaziah 1. y. Yeere . 804 Athalia 6. y. Yeere . 798 Ioash 40 y. Yeere . 758 Amaziah 29. y. Ionah prophesieth . Yeere . 743 Rome built by Romulus vpon foure hils , which are Palatinus , Capitolinus , Exquilinus , Auentinus , and after enlarged by Se●uius Tullns , within the walls , with other thrée hils , Coelius , Uiminalis and Quirinalis . Yeere . 729 Kingdome of Iudah voyd 12. y. Yeere . 725 Sardanapalus . Yeere . 718 Azariah 25. y. Kingdome of Israel voyde 22. y. Yeere . 700 Numa Pompilius the second Romane King. Yeere . 685 Lycurgns the Lacedemonian . Ioel , Hosea , Amos , & Isaiah prophesied . Tullas Hostilius the third Romane King. Yeere . 677 Ioatham ouer Iudah 15. Micaiah also prophesied . Yeere . 662 Ahaz 15. y. Yeere . 646 Ezekiah 29. y. 628 Salmanasar carried the ten Tribes of Israel captiue to Babel , from whence they neuer returned . And here the race of the Kings of Israel ceased . Merodachbaladan beganne to bring the Empire from Asher to Babel . Yeere . 628 Simonides . Aristoxenus . Ancus Martus , the fourth Romane King. Archilocus , Zalencus , Homer , Phalaris . Yeere . 617 Manasseth 55. y. Ieremy prophesieth . Yeere . 610 Sappho : Milo : Stesscorus : Epimenides . Yeere . 564 Nebuchadnezzar . Yeere . 562 Amon 2. y. Yeere . 560 Iosiah 21. y. Zephaniah and Habbakkuk prophesie . Yeere . 526 Iehoiakim 11. y. Yeere . 526 Captiuity , wherein Nebuchadnezzer carried captiues , Daniel , and many other into Babylon , beganne the 3. yeere of Iehoiakim . Ieremiah continueth his Prophesie in Iudah . Daniel prophesieth in Babel . Yeere . 618 Zedekiah 11. y. Ezekiel prophesieth . Yeere . 507 Ierusalem destroyed , and leremiah , with the remnant of Iudah carried into Egypt , where Ieremiah prophesieth . Ezekiel continueth his prophesie in Babel . Yeere . 501 Consuls , 2 yeerely began in Rome . Yeere . 495 Horatius Coc●es . Yeere . 494 Salathiel . Yeere . 493 Dictators in Rome . Yeere . 487 Tribunes of the people began in Rome . Yeere . 468 Zorobabel . Yeere . 466 Pythagoras Pyndar●s , Democritas , Cresus , Heraclitus , Es●pe , Salon , Thales , 7. Wisemen , Pisistratus . Yeere . 456 Darius and Cyrus his Son wan Babylon frō Balthazar : began the Empire of the Persians , and gaue leaue for the Iewes to returne and build the Temple . Yeere . 454 Temple began to be built . The History of Ezra . Artashashte , called of prophane Writers , Cambyses , raigned with Cyrus his Father . The History of Ester . Ahashuerosh called Darius . Yeere . 440 Hystaspis diuorced Vasti , married Ester , hanged Haman , and aduanced Mordecai . Yeere . 431 Tribuni Mil●tum . Yeere . 425 Darius of Persia called also Artaxshast , and of prophane Writers , Darius Longimanus , raigned 36 yeeres . Haggai prophesieth . Zachariah ▪ prophesieth . Yeere . 423 Malachy the last Prophet . Yeere . 425 Nehemiah his Story , who builded the walls of Ierusalem . Yeere . 397 Battell Peloponestack , ●ot 27 yeres till the Lacedemanians ouercame Atbens . Yeere . 386 Rome taken by Gallus a Brittain . Yeere . 386 Themistocles , Aristides Aeschilus , Sophocles , Pericles , Emp●docles , Hiypocrates , Parmenides , Artstarchua , Eurypides , Herodotus , Aristobulus , Socrates , Alcihiades , Diogenes , Plato , Xanephon , Agestlaus . Yeere . 363 Philip of Macedonia conquered all Gracia , after the Thebanes and su●dued the Lacedemonians . Yeere . 351 Marcus Cortius , Manlius Torquates . Yeere . 350 Aristoteles , Demostenes Epicurus , Epaminandas , Theophrastus , Menander , Zenderates . Yeere . 344 Warre with the Samnites at Rome continued 49 yeeres . Yeere . 332 Alexander the Great , conquered Persia , hee intreated the Jewes honourably , & raigned 12. yeeres . Now was the Empire of the Grecians great , which after the death of Alexander , was diuided vnto foure Captaines where of Syria and Egypt continued vntill the Empire of the Romans , and alwaies vexed the Iewes . Now begineth the Story of the Maccabes . Yeere . 301 Two Decij in Rome . Yeere . 300 Zeno author of the Stoiks , Aratus , Demetrius , Phalerius . Yeere . 228 Prolomie Philadelphus caused 70 Interpreters to trāsl●te the Law into Greeke . Yeere . 283 Hetruria ye●lded to Rome wholly . Yeere . 272 Regulus , Polibius , Cleanthes . Yeere . 267 Warre of Carthage and Rome , two and twenty yeeres . Yeere . 241 Battell African with Numidia . Yeere . 237 Iesus Sirach . Yeere . 236 Neuius Pla●tus . Yeere . 224 Antiochus Magnus . Yeere . 219 Second Battell of Carthage , because that Hannibal had receuered Spaine from Rome . Yeere . 131 The third Battell of Carthage , which was in three yeeres vtterly cestroyed by Scipio Iunior . Yeere . 129 Pharises , Saduces , and Esses began their Sects . Yeere . 89 Ciuill War in Rome 8. yeres betweene Marins and Sylla , because Sylla being yonger , was chosen Captain into Asia to the Battell Mi●hridaticke . Yeere . 87 Tigranes King of Armenie . Yeere . 65 Cato Vticensis , Salustius . Yeere . 57 Cicero Consull . Yeere . 52 Britaine entred vpon by Iulius Cesar . Yeere . 47 Iulius Cesar raigned Emperour fiue yéeres . Yeere . 45 Virgil , Horace , Liuy , Ouid , Cornelius Nepos . Yeere . 42 Octauius Augustus Emperour 56 yeeres . Yeere . 34 Herod the Great , made King of Iewry : after whose death his foure sonnes were confirmed in his Kingdome , and called Tetrarchs . See Luke 3. 1. Temple againe sumtuously builded by Herod . Christ borne in the 42 yeere of Augustus from which beginneth our vsuall account . CHAP. 5. After the death of Christ . Yeere . 16 Tiberius , Emperour after the birth of Christ 16. yeeres . Yeere . 33 Christ crucified . Yeere . 33 Stephen stoned . Yeere . 34 Paul conuerted . Yeere . 42 Herod Agrippa , President in Iury : he beheaded Iames. Yeere . 42 Matthew wrot his Gospell . Yeere . 44 Iames beheaded . Yeere . 44 Marke preached in Egypt . Yeere . 46 Luke wrote . Yeere . 50 Epistle to the Galatians . written from Antioch . Yeere . 53 Epistle to the Thessalonians , from Athens . Yeere . 54 Philip martyred . Yeere . 55 1 Epistle to the Corinthians from Ephesus . Yeere . 55 1 To Timothy from Troas Yeere . 55 To Titus from Troas . Yeere . 55 To Corinth from Philippi Yeere . 55 Peters first Epistle . Yeere . 56 Peters second Epistle . Yeere . 59 To the Rom from Corinth Yeere . 57 Claudius Nero persecutor , Yeere . 59 Epistles to the Philippians Ephesians , Colossians , Philemon from Rome . Yeere . 61 Acts by Luke ( now as is thought ▪ ) Yeere . 63 Iames throwne downe from a Pinnacle . Yeere . 69 Epistle to Timothie . Yeere . 69 Paul martyred at Rome . Yeere . 73 Ierusalem destroyed by Vespasian and Titus . Yeere . 76 Ignatius Bishop of Antioch Yeere . 83 Domitian Emperour . Yeere . 85 Nicholaitan Hereticke . Yeere . 90 Cornelius Tacitus , Sueton , Aulus Gellius , Plutar●h , Quintilian , I●●enal , Appian , Appuleius . 93 Iohn banished to Pathmos , where ( as is thought ) hee wrote his Gospell , and the Reuelation . Yeere . 97 Iohn returned from Pathmos to Ephesus . Yeere . 100 Iohn dyed . Yeere . 114 Pliny writeth for the Christians . Yeere . 133 Galen . Yeere . 170 Iustinus dyed a Martyr . Yeere . 180 Irenaeus of Lyons . Yeere . 187 England receiued the Gospell . Yeere . 202 Clemens Alexandrinus . Yeere . 210 Tertullian . Yeere . 216 Origen . Yeere . 249 Cyprian . Yeere . 289 Constantine raigned in England . Yeere . 307 Eusebius . Yeere . 333 Athanasius . Yeere . 347 Hillarie . Yeere . 347 Gregory Nazianzene . Yeere . 371 Ambrose B. of Millaine . Yeere . 375 Hieronymus . Yeere . 409 Chrysostome . Yeere . 409 Augustine . Yeere . 414 Theodoret. Yeere . 500 Gothes conquered Italy ; then increased Barbarisme and Papistry . Directions for the vnskilfull . IF thou hast not beene acquainted with such a Table as this following , and desirest to make vse of it , thou must get the Alphabet , viz. the order of the Letters as they stand , without booke perfectly , to know where euery letter stands , as ( b ) neere the beginning , ( m ) about the midst , and ( v ) toward the end . Therefore if the word thou wouldest finde , begin with ( a ) looke in the beginning of the Table ; if with ( t ) looke toward the end . Againe , if the word beginne with ( ba ) looke in the beginning of the letter ( b ) but if with ( bu ) see toward the end of that letter : and if thou obseruest the same for the third and fourth letters , thou shalt finde thy word presently . Secondly , thou must know the cause of the difference of the letters , all written with the Romane , as in ( abba ) are words taken from the Latine , or other learned Languages . Those with the Jtalike letter , as ( abandon ) are French words made English : those with the English letter are meerely English , or from some other vulgar Tongue . The word ioyning vnto it , is euer in English , and is the interpreter of it in a more familier English word . But those that haue no word expounding them , are set downe to let thee see their true writing where I thought thou mightst otherwise erre . And know further , that all words that haue in them ( y ) or ( ph ) together , or begin with ( chr ) where ( h ) is neuer pronounced , or . end in ( isme ) are all Greeke words , as Hypocrite , philosophie , Christ , Baptisme . But where I say they are Greeke I meane with some difference of termination , for they were brought from Greece to vs through Rome , where they were newly stampt and when they came to vs , we coined thē after our fashion , as Christ is in Latine Christus , in Greeke Christos : so Baptisme is in Latine Baptismus , in Greeke Baptismos . The like must bee obserued for the Latine words : as those that we haue ending in ( ion ) the Latine hath in ( io ) creation , remission , in Latine is , creatio , remissio . But touching the French , we haue some of them with difference , and some without , and thus thou shalt discerne them : those with difference are marked with this starre ( * ) as ( accomplish ) in French is ( accomplir ) & therefore you shall find it by this marke ( * ) : the other haue none . Sometime I referre thee from one word to another , as thus ; at this word brigantine see barke , then those two bee of one signification : and so shalt thou also learne variety of words . When a word hath two significations , if one be well knowne , I omit that , as to barke as a dog , is well knowne : but a barke , that is , a little Ship , is not so familiar ; therefore I put downe that . If I should put downe all deriuations , it would be ouer-long ; therefore I hope , the diligent Scholler will learne by practise soone from the primatiue or originall : I haue therefore set downe some few of the hardest , yet some rules for them thou shalt find in the end . There are many moe From Latine and French , but being well knowne , I omit them . Abandon cast away . abba father . abbesse , abbatesse mistres of a Nunnery . abbreuiate short . abbridge see abbreuiate . abut lye vnto . abecedary the order of the letters , or he that vseth them . abet to maintaine . abominable .   abhorre .   abiect base . abiure renounce . abolish make voyd . abricot * k. fruit . aboord .   abrogate see abolish . absolue finish . absolute perfect . absolution forgiuenesse . abstinence refraining . abstract see ab●eniate . absurd ●oo●ish . acce●t tune . accept take liking . accesse free comming to . accessary partaker . accident befall . accomodate fit to . accomplish * finish . account * to r●ckon . accord * agreement . accurate cunning . accrew * grow . acertaine * make sure . atchieue sée accomplish . acorne .   actiue nimble . actuall in act . acute witty . addict giuen to . adieu farewell . addresse prepare to direct . adiacent lying to . adiourne .   adiure make to sweare . administer gouerne or serue . admire maruaile at . admirall chiefe by Sea. admission receiuing . adopt take for his child . adore worship . adorne beautifie . aduerse contrary . aduertise giue knowledge . adulation flattery . adulterate counterfeit . aduocate atturney . aduouson patronage . adustion burning . affable ready and courteous in speech . affect earnestly desire . affinity kin by marriage . affirmatiue auouching . affiance trust . affianced betroathed . agent doer . agrauate make grieuous . agility nimblenesse . agony g● heauy passion . alacrity chéerefulnesse . alarum a sound to the battell . alien a stranger . alienation estranging . alight .   alledge * bring proofe . alliance kindred or league . allusion pointing to . allude to point to . aliment nourishment . almes .   almighty .   alphabet g. order of letters . altercation debate . allēgory g ▪ similitude . allegeance obedience . altitude height . allegation alledging . ambassadour messenger . ambiguous doubtfull . ambition desire of honour . ambushment priuy traine . amorous full of loue . amplifie enlarge . anatomy g. cutting by . anathema g. accursed . andyron .   anguish griefe . anchor .   animate encourage . annuall yéerely . animaduersion noting . atichrist against Christ . antidate fore-date . anticipation preuenting . angle corner . antickly disguised . annihilate make voyd . ancestour .   annullity , sée annihilate . aphorisme generall rule . apostate a backslider . apostacie falling away . amen so be it . apostle g. sée ambassadour . apologie g. defence . apocalyps g. reuelation . alpha g. the first Greeke letter . apothecarie . *   apocrypha g. not of authority . apparant in sight . appeach accuse . appeale to seeke to a higher Iudge . appertaine to belong . appertinent apurttenance belonging . appetite desire to eate . application applying to . appose aske question . apposition apposing . approbation allowance . approue allow . approach* come nigh . appropriate make his owne . apt fit . arbiter arbitrator vmpire . arbitrement iudgement . arch g. chiefs . arch-angell g. chiefe Angell . arch-bishop chiefe bishop . architect chiefe builder . argent siluer . argue to reason . arithmaticke g Art of numbering . arke ship . armorie house of armour . arraigne .   arriue* come to Land. arrearages* debt vnpaid . artificer handy-crafts-man . artificiall work-man-like . articulate ioynted . ascend goe vp . assertaine* assure . assent agreement . ascent a going vp . ascribe giue to . askew as●ide . aspect looking vpon . aspire climbe vp . asperate rough . aspiration breathing . assay proue . assaile* set vpon . assault* see assaile . assentation flattery . assertion affirming . assiduity continuance . asseueration earnest affirming . assigne appoint . assignation appointment . assises .   assistance helpe . associate company . astrictiue astringent binding . astronomy g. astrologie . knowledge of the Starres . atheist g. without God. atheisme the opinion of the atheist . attatch seaze vpon . attaint conuict of crime . attainder a conuiction . attempt* set vpon . attentiue héedy . attribute giue to . auarise c●ueteousnesse . audacious bold . audience hearing . auditor hearer , or officer of accompts . audible eas●e to be heard . auerre* auouch . augment to encrease . auouch affirme with earnestnesse . authenticall g. of authority , autumne the haruest . axiome certaine principle . Ballance a paire of skales . bailiffe .   bankerupt bankerout .   banquet . baptist a baptizer . baptisme .   barbarion a rude person . barbarisme barbarousnesse . barque* small ship . barretter a contentions person . barrester allowed to giue counsell . barter* to bargaine . battery beating . baulme .   beatitude blessednesse . beguile .   beneficiall profitable . beneuolence good will. benigne fauourable . benignity bounty . bereft depriued .   besiege . biere to carry a dead corps . bishop ouerséer . blanke* to make white . blaspheme g. speake ill of God.   blood .   beare .   beast .   boat .   bough .   bought . bonnet cap.   braclet .   bracer .   briefs . brigandine coat of defenc● . brigantine sée barke . brandish* to shake a sword .   broad .   breath . brothell kéeper of a house of bawdery .   bruise .   bruit . buggery coniunction with one of another kinde . burgesse a head man of a towne .   build . Callidity craftinesse . capacity conceit , or receit . cancell to vndoe . canon g. law . canonize make a Saint . capitall deadly or great . capable containing . capitulate .   captious catching . captiue prisoner . captiuate make subiect . carbuncle k. disease , or stone . carnality fleshlinesse . casualty chance . castigation chastisement . cathedrall gr Church , chiefe . in the Diocesse . catholike vniuersall . cauldron .   caution warning . celebrate make famous . celestiall heau●nly . catalogue g. bed-roule . celerity swiftnesse . censor corrector . censure correction . centurion captaine . cease .   cement   center middest . ceremony .   certaine .   certifie .   ceruse white leade . cesterne .   character the fashion of a letter . chaunt * sing . champion wide field . chambering lightnesse . charter a grant performing . chamberlaine .   chariot .   chancery .   chiualry knighthood . chiefe .   cherubin order of Angels . chirograph g. hard writing . christ g. anoynted . chirurgion g.   choller g. a humour causing . anger . chronicler g. chronographer g. history writer chronologie g. story of times . church faithfull people . crystall g. k. glasse . cider drinke made of apples . cinnamon .   circle .   circuit .   citren .   citie .   citizen .   circumcise to cut the priuy skin . circumference round rircuit . circumspect héedy . circumlocution circumserence ▪ of speech . circumuent preuent . ciuet .   ciuill .   clamorous ready to speake ill . clemency gentlenesse . client he that is defended . cockatrice k. beast . collect gather . colleague companion . collation recitall . coadiutor helper . cogitation thought . collusion deceit . columne one side of a page diuided . comedy g. stage-play . commencement a begining . comet g. a blazing starre . comentary exp●s●tion . commodious profitable . commotion rebellion . communicate make partaker . communion fellow worship . compact ioyned together . compendious short . competitor he that standeth with me for an office . compile gather and make . complection .   complices colleagues . compose make . composition agréement . comprehend containe . comprise see comprehend . concoct to disgest meat . concord agrée , concordance agréement . competent conuenient . compromit to make agrée . concauity hollownesse . compulsion force . conceale .   conception conceiuing in the wombe . concupiscence desire . concurre agrée together . condescend agrée vnto . condigne worthy . conduct guiding . confession compounding . confederate see compact . conferre talke together . conference communication . confidence trust . confirme establish . confiscate forseitur● of goods . conflict battell . confound ouerthrew . congeale harden . congestion a heaping vp . congregate gather together congruity see concord , coniunction ioyning together . coniecture guesse . consent agreement . concent harmony . consequence following . consecrate to make holy . consequent following . conserue keepe . consist stand . consolation comfort . consistory a place of ciuill iudgement . consort , see consent . conspire agree together for ill . construe expound . consult take councell . contagious that corrupteth . contemplation meditation . continent modest abstaining . contract make short . contradiction gaine-saying . contribute bestow . contrite sorrowfull . contrition sorrow . conuert turne . conuict proued guilty . conuent bring before . conuerse company with . conuocation calling tog●ther . convulsion .   copartner fellow . copious plentifull . corpes dead body . corporall bodily . corrosiue fretting . corespondent answerable . corrigible easily corrected . corroborate strengthen . couert hidden place . costiue bound in the body . cosmography gr . description of the world . counterpose make leuell . countermand command contrary . compuction pricking . coffin basket , or corpes-chest . creed the beli●fe . credence beleife . credulous easily to beleeu● . criminous faulty . crucifie fasten to a crosse . crocadile k. beast . culpable blame-worthy . cubite a foot and a halfe . cupboord .   cusorily running fast ouer . cymball an ●nstrument . clyster , or glister . cypresse .   Deacon gr . prouider for the poore . debility weaknesse . deafe that cannot heare . dammage * losse . decent comely . decline fall away . decision cutting away . decorum comelinesse . decypher d●scribe . dedicating a deuoting . deduct take out . defect want . deflowre to dishonest . defraud deceiue . deformed ill shapen . define shew what it is . degenerate be vnlike . his ancestor● . dehort moue from . deity God-head . deifie make like God. delectation delight . delicate dainty . delude deceiue . deluge great flood . delusion mockery . demonstrate shew plainly : denison fréeman . denounce declare sentence . against . depend hang vpon . deportation carrying away . depose put from . depriue , sée depose . depute appoint . deride mocke . deriue fetch from . deriuation taken from another . derogate , see detract . describe set forth . descend go● downe . desart wildernesse . desist leaue off . detest hate greatly . detect bewray . detract take from . detriment losse . detrude thrust from . deuote giuen vnto . dexterity aptn●sse . diabolicall deuilish . diademe crowne . diet manner of foode . dialogue g. conference . defame .   dificult hard . diocesse g. iurisdiction . diocesan that hath iurisdiction . digest bring in order : see concoct . dignity worthinesse . digresse turne from . dilate enlarge . direct guide . diminution lessening . disburse * lay out money . discend , see descend . disciple scholler . discipline instruction . dissent disagree . discerne see . disclose discouery . discord disagreement . discusse , see dilate . disioyne vnieyne . disfranchise take away freedome . dismisse let passe . disloyall disobedient . disparagement inequality of birth . dispence set free . disperse spread abroad . dispeople to vnpeople a place . discent from our ancestors . dissimilitude vnlikenesse . dissolue vnloose . dissolute carelesse . dissonant disagréeing ▪ distinguish put difference . dice.   disable , make vnable . disability , vnablenesse . disanull , make voyd . disputable questionable , or doubtfull . define .   discomfite put to flight . discomfiture a putting to flight . discipher lay open . digestion bringing into order . digression going from the matter . difficulty hardnesse . diffamation a slandering . dimension measuring . direction ordering . dissimulation dissembling . d●scourse .   dismember part one piece from another . disposition naturall inclination or setting in ord●r . dissipation scattering . dissolution breaking . distillation distilling , or dropping downe . distinct differing . distinction making a difference . divulgate make common . dispoyle take away by violence . display spread abroad . distracted troubled in minde . distribution diuision . disturbe disquiet . disswade sée dehort . ditty the matter of a song . diuert turne from . diuine heauenly . diuinity heauenly doctrine . diuturnity daylinesse . doctrine learning . dolour griefe . dolorous grieuous . docility eastnesse to be taught . dolphin k. of fish . domesticall at home . dominion domination rule . Ecclipse g. fayling . Ecclesiasticall belonging to the Church . edict commandement . edifice building . education bringing vp . edition putting forth . effect a thing done . effectuall forcible . effeminate womanish . efficacie force . effusion powring forth . egresse forth-going . enhance make greater . election choyce . elect chosen . elegance fine spéech . elephant k. of beast . emerods k. of disease . eleuate lift vp . embleme gr . picture .   emmot , or pismire . empire gouernment .   encroch . enarration declaration . encounter set against . enduce moone . enimity enmity hatred betwéene . enchant* bewitch . enfranchise make frée . enflame burne engrate presse vpon . ensigne flag of Warre . enormious out of square . enterre lay in the earth . enterlace put betwéene . enuiron compasse about . epha k. of measure epitaph the writing of a booke . epitomie gr . the briefe of a booke . epitomize gr . to make an epitomie . epistle gr . a letter sent . episcopall bish●p-like . epicure giuen to pleasure . epilogue conclusion . equinoctial when the daies and nights are equall . erect set vp . eronious full of error . escheat forfeit . essence substance . estimate estéeme . eternall euerlasting . euangelist bringer of good tydings euict ouercome . eunuch g. gelded or great Officer . euocation calling forth . exasperate whet on . exact perfect , or require with extremity . exaggerate heape vpon . exaltation aduancing .   except . excursion running out .   excéed .   excell . exchequer office of receits . exclaime cry out . execrable cursed . execute performe . excrement dung . exempt frée . exemplifie enlarge . exhibite put vp . exile banish . exorcist g. coniurer . expedient fit . expell put out . expend consider . expedition haste . expect looke for . expire end . explicate declare . exploit enterprise . expulsion driuing out . exquisite perfect . extend spread forth . extenuate lessen . extoll aduance . extort wring out . extract drawne out . exptemporal extemporary sudden . Fabulous fained . fact déede . faction diuision . factious that maketh diuision . facility easinesse .   falco●er . fallacy deceit . fantasie .   fatall by destiny . festiuall feast day . festiuity myrth . female feminine the she . fertill fruitfull . feruent hot . feauer ague . figuratiue by signes . finally lastly . firmament skie . flagon great wine-pot . flexible easily bent . flegme one of the humours . fluxe disease of scowring . fornication vncleannesse betwéene single persons . fortification strengthening . fountaine head Spring . fortitude valiantnesse . fragments reliques . fragility brittlenesse . fragrant swéete smelling . fraternity brotherhood . fraudulent deceitfull . frequent often . friuolous vaine . frontlet k. head attire . fructifie make fruitfull . frustrate make voys . frugall thrifty . fugitiue runnagate . function calling . funerall buriall . furbusher , dresser . furious raging . future time to come . Garboile hurly burly .   garner , corn-chamber . gemme precious stone . gentilitie generositie gentile . gentile a heathen . generation off-spring .   gender . genealogy g. generation . genitor father .   gester .   gyues fetters .   ginger . gourd k. plant . gorget .   gorgeons .   gospell , glad tidings . geometry g. art of measuring . gradation by steps . graduate that hath taken degr● . gratifie to pleasure . gratis fréely . guardaine keeper . gulfe déepe poole . Hability or ability ablenesse . habitable able to be dwelt in . habit apparell . harmony g. musicke . haleluiah praise the Lord. heraulds Kings messengers . hauty lofty . hebrew from Hebers stock . heathen , sée gentile . helmet head-piece . harbenger , sent before to prepare . heretick hereticall that hold heresie . homage , worship . hosanna saue I pray thée . horror , fearefull sorrowfull . hostage pledge . host armie . hostility hatred . hymne g. song . humane gentle . humidity moysture . hypocrite g.   hysope .   Idiot g. vnlearned . Idolatry g. false worthly . iealous .   Iesus Sauiour . ignominy reproach . illegitimate vnlawfully borne . illusion mockery . imbecility weaknesse . imbarke .   immediate ●ext in . imitation following . immoderate without measure . immortall euerlasting . impeach accuse . immunity fréedome . impediment let . imperiall belonging to the Crowne . imperfection vnperfectnesse . impenitent vnrepentant . impiety vngodlinesse . impose lay vpon . impression printing . impudent shamelesse . impugne disproue . impute reason . impunity without punishment . impropriation making proper . immanity beastly cruelty . importune to be earnest with . imperious desiring to rule . incessantly earnestly . inquisition searching . incense k. offering . to incense to stirre vp . incident happening . inchant * bewitch . inclination moouing . incline leane vnto . incumber trouble . incommodious hurtfull . incompatible insufferable . incongruity without agréement . incontinent presently , or vnchaste . incurre runne into . indemnity without losse . indignity vnworthinesse . indination hatred . induce moue . induction bringing in . indurate harden . infamous ill reported . infection corrupting . inferre bring in . infernall belonging to hell . infirmity weaknesse . inflamation inflaming . infinite without number . influence a flowing in . informe giue notice . ingraue car●e . ingredience entrance . inhabit dwell in . inhibite forbid . inh●bition forbidding . iniunction committing . iniurious wrongfull or hurtfull innouate make new . innouation making new . inordinate out of order . inquisition searching . insinuate créepe in . inspire breathe into . insolent proud . instigation prouoking . institute appoint . intercept preuent . intercession going betwéene , or making intreaty . interchange , exchange . intercourse mutuall . accesse . interest loane . interline .   intermeddle deale with . intermingle mingle with . intermission foreslowing . interpreter expounder . interrogation a question asking . interrupt breake off . intricate inwrapped . introduction entrance . intrude to thrust in violently . inuincible not to be wonne . irruption breaking in . irreuocable not to be recalled . irreprehensible without reproofe Israelite of Israel . iudiciall belonging to iudgement . Iubile yéere of ioy . Iuror sworne man.   iuyce .   iustifie , approue . Lapidary skilfull in stones . largesse or largis liberality . lasciuious wanton . laud praise . laurell Baytrée . laxatiue loose . legacie gift by will , or ambassage . legion hoast . Legate Ambassage . legerdemaine . light-handed . leprosie k. of disease . libertine loose in religion . lethargie g. k. drowste disease . licentious taking liberty . Lieutenant .   limitation appointment . literature learning . lingell Shoomakers thread . linguist skilfull in tongues . litigious quarrellous . lore law . lotary * casting his lots . loyall obedient . lunaticke wanting of wits . Magician vsing witchcryafts . magistrate gouernour . magnanimity valiantnesse . magnificence sumptuousnesse . malady disease . malicious .   male-contented disconteniod . maligne hate . manicles , fetters . manger .   maranatha accursed . manumisse set frée . march goe in array . mart faire . martiall warlike . marchesse borders . margent edge of a booke .   marrow . martyr witnesse . matron ancient woman . matrice wombe . mature ripe . mechanicall g. handy-craft . mediocrity measure . medicine .   mercement .   Mediator Aduocate .   Mercer .   mercy . meditate muse . menstruous defiled . melancholy gr . humour of solitarinesse . melodious g. swéete sounding . meritorious that deserueth . method gr . order . metaphor g. similitude . ministration ministring . militant warring . minority vnder age . monastery colledge of Monks . miraculous maruellous . mirour * a looking glasse . mitigate asswage . mixtion mingling . mixture idem . mobility moouing . modest sober . moderate temperate . moderne of our time . moity halfe . moment weight , or sudden . momentany sudden . monarch gr . one ruling all . moote argue . monument antiquity . morality ciuill behauiour . mortall that endeth . mortuary due for the dead . motiue cause moouing . mortifie kill . mountaine great hill . munition defence . mutable changeable . mustaches vpper lip haire . malmesey .   Muses goddesses of Learning . mutation change . myrrhe k. of swéete gumme . mysticall that hath mystery in it . mystery hidden se●ret . Natiue horne . narration . declaration .   néece . necessity .   nauigation sayling .   nephew . nerue sinew . negligence .   neuter of neither side ▪ Nicholaitan gr . an Heretick . from Nich●las . necromancy g. blacke Art. nonage vnderage . nonsuit not following . nouice .   notifie giue knowledge . numeration numbring . nutriment nourishment . Obeysance obedience . oblation offering . oblique crooked . obliuious forgetfull . obstinate froward . obscure darke . obstruction stopping . obtuse dull . occidentall belonging . to the West . odious hatefull . odour smell . odoriferous sweet smelling . officious dutifull . oliuet p●ace of Oliues . omnipotent almighty . operation working . opportunity fitnesse . oppose set against . opprobrious reproachfull . ordure dung . originall beginning . oracle a speech from God. ordination ordaining . orphane without parents . orthography g. true writing . ostentation boasting . ouerplus more then needeth . pacifie quiet . pamphlet a small Treatise . pantofle slipper . paradise g. place of pleasure . paraphrase g. exposition . paramour an amorous louer . parable simlitude .   parcell .   parget . partiall .   partition diuision . passion suffering . passeouer one of the Iewes . feasts . patheticall gr . vehement . Patriarke g ▪ chiefe Father . patrimony fathers gift . patronage defence . patronize defend . pauilon * Tent. paucity fewnesse . pauement .   peccaui I haue offended . peculiar proper . pensiue sorrowfull . Pentecost g. Whitsontide . perceiue .   perigrination iourneying in a strange land . peremptory resolute . perfect .   period , g. end . perillous * dangerous . permit suffer . permutable changeable . perpetuity a continuance . perplexity trouble , griefe . persecute persist perseuere continue . perspicuous euident . participate partake . peruert ouerthrow . perruke haire said forth . peruerse froward . pettegree a stocke . petition prayer . phantasie imagination . phesant .   Pharisee one of that sect . phisiognomie knowledge by the visage . Physicke .   phrase g. forme of speech . phrensie gr . madnesse . philosophie g. study of wisedome . pigeon .   pirate sea-rober . piety godlinesse . pillage spoile in warr● . pilot * a master guider of a Ship. plaintiffe the complainant . plannet g. wandering starre . plausible pleasing . plenitude fulnesse . plume feather . plurality m● then one .   polici● . doitrell ornament for a horse breast . poet gr . a verse-maker . poetresse a woman Poet. polish decke . pollute defile . pomegranat k. of fruit . ponderous waighty . populous full of people . postscript written after . protract deferre . populary pleasing the people . preamble fore-speech . precept .   predecessor .   predestinate appoint before . precious .   precinct compasse . predominant ruling . preface , see preamble . preiudice hurt . preiudicate forestalled . premunire forfeiture of goods . preparatiue preparation . preposterous disordered . prerogatiue priuiledge . presbytery g. eldership . prescript decrée . prescription limitation . prest ready . primitiue first . priority .   pristine old . probation allowance . prodigious monstrous .   procéed . profound déepe . prophane vngodly . prognosticate foretell . progeny off-spring . prohibit forbid . prologue , see preface . prolixe tedious . prompt ready . promulgation , see publication propitiatory ▪ sacrifice to pacifie . propose propound . propriety property . prorogue put off . prostitute set vpon for vncleanesse . prophesie foretell or expound . prophet g. he that prophesieth . prospect a sight farre off . prowesse valiantnesse . prose that writing which is not verse . proselyte gr . stranger conuerted . prostrate fall downe . protect defend . prouocation prouoking . prouident foreséeing . prudence Wisedome . psalme a heauenly song . psalmograph psalmist writer of Psalmes . psalter booke of Psalmes . publish set abroad . publike open . publican tole-gatherer . publication publishing . purgatory place of purging . Pursuit * following . puissance * powerfull . putrifie corrupt . Quadrangle foure-cornered . quadrant foure square . queach thicke heap● . quentessence chiefe vertue . quotidian daily . Repacity rapine violent catching . ratifie establish .   reall . receipt .   receit .   recognisance acknowledge . recoile * goe backe . reconcile bring into fauour . recreate refresh . redeeme buy againe . redemption buying againe . refection refreshing . reflection casting backe . referre put ouer . refuge succour . regenerate borne againe . regiment gouernment . register calender . reiect cast away . reioynder .   reiterate repeate . relate report . relation reporting . relapse backe-sliding . relaxation refreshing . relinquish forsake . remit forgiue . remisse loose . remorse pricke of conscience . renouate renew . renounce * forsake . repast foode . repell put backe . repeale call backe . repose put trust in . represse put downe . repulse putting backe . repugnancy contrariety . repugnant contrary . repute account . resigne giue ouer . restauration restoring . resume take againe . reuoke call backe . rhetoricke art of elequence . rhetorcian g. skilfull in the rhetoricke . rheume gr .     rogue . ruinous ready to fall . rudiment first instruction . rupture breach . rusticall clownish . Sabbath rest . sacriledge Church-robbing . sacrament holy signe or oath , sacrifice .   Saducee k. sectary . safe conduit safe kéeping . saint holy one . sanctification holinesse . salubrity wholsomnesse . sanctity sanctimony holinesse . sanctuary holy place . sandals g. slippers . sapience wisdome . satiety fulnesse . satyre nipping verse . saturity fulnesse . sauage wilde . sauce .   scalpe pate . scarifie lance a sore . scepter signe of rule . schisme breach . schismaticke that moueth a schisme . scripture writing . scruple doubt . scrupulous full of doubts .   scourge . scurrility sawcie scoffing . seclude shut out . sectary , see schismaticke . secondary the second . seduce deceiue . sodulity diligence . signiory Lordship . seminary a nourcery . senator Alderman . sensible easily felt . sence .   sensuall brutish . sepulcre graue . sequele following . sequester put to an indifferent man. seruice .   sergea●t .   seruitude bondage . seru●le slauish . seuerity sharpnesse . sexe kind● . significant plainly signifying . simplicity plainnesse . sinister vnhappy . situation placing .   slaughter .   slice .   sluce . soare mount high . sociable fellowlike . solace comfort . solution vnloosing . society fellowship . solicite mou● . summary briefe . sophister cauiller . sorcery .   soueraigne chiefe . spacious large . specifie signifie . speciall     spicery . spleene g. milt . spongeous like a sponge .   spruce . squinancy k. disease . station standing . stability surenesse . stillatory a distilling place . stipendary that serueth for wages . studious diligent . stile manner of spéeth . submisse lowly . suborne procure false witnesse . subscribe write vnder . substract subtract take from . substitute deputy . subtill crafty . subuersion ouerthrowing . succeed follow . suggest prompt . sulphure brimstone . summarily briefl● . superficies vpper side . superfluous needelesse . superscription writing aboue . supplant ouerthrow . support beare vp . supposition supposing . suppresse .   superiour higher . supremacie thiefdome . surcharge ouer charge . surmount excéede .   sur●ingle .   suspence . surplus , see ouerplus . suruiue * ouerliue . synagogue place of assembly . sycophant tole-bearer . synode a generall assembly . Tabernacle a tent , temerarious rash . temerity rashnesse . temperature temperatenesse . temperate kéepe a meane . temperance sabriety . temple a Church . tempestuous boysterous . temporize to serue the time . temporary for a time . terrestriall earthly . tenuity smalnesse . tetrarch g. gouernour of a fourth part . tenure hold . termination ending . thwite shaue , timorous fearefull . tertian euery other day . testification witnessing . theologie g. diuinity . thyme k hearbe . tractable easie to handle . tractate a treatise . tragedy a solemne play . tradition deliuering from one to another . trafique bargaining . transfigure change . transitory soone passe away . tranquility quietnesse . transferre conuey ouer . tranforme transfigure . transgresse breake . translate turne . transsport carry ouer . transpose change . triangle thrée-cornered . tribunall iudgement seat . tripartite thrée-fould . triuiall common . trybe company . trompe deceiue . triumph great ioy . triumphant reioyeing for the conquest . tribute .   truce peace . turbulent .   timpany k. dropste vacant void . valour courage . vanquish ouercome . vapour moysture . vendible saleable . venerable worshipfull . versifie make verses . venereall fleshly . vesture vestment garment .   vice .   vicious .   view .   vincible . victorious that hath gotten many victories . vineyard orchyard of grapes . vigilant watchfull . visitation going to see . vision sight . vlcer bile vnion , vnity . vnite ioyne . vniuersall generall . vrine stale . vnsatiable that hath not enough . vocation . calling . volubility swiftnesse . voluptuous giuen to pleasure vrbanity courteste . vsurp take vnlawful authority vtility profit . vulger common .   Wager .   wages .   weight .   wrought . FINIS . To the Reader . I Purposed ( gentle Reader ) somewhat here to haue spoken , touching the true forming and signification of deriuatiues and compounds , as those that begin with dis , circum , trans , in , &c. and end in ly , tie , on , ons , able , ible , &c. but speciall occasion hath for the present altred my purpose . Also I craue pardon for many faults escaped , especially in the Table , many words being misplaced ; and the character mistaken . But I hope the learned will with fauour see my purpose ; and the vnskilfull reape the fruit vntill opportunity may serue to reforme it . If , notwithstanding any former reasons , thou doubtest that thy little child may haue spoiled his booke before it be learned ; thou maiest fitly diuide it at the end of the second booke , or thou maiest reserue faire the written copies vntill he can reade . If thou thinke mee , either for hardnesse of rule , or length of matter , vnfit for children ; plentifull experience in very yong ones ( beleeue him that hath tryed ) doth daily confute thee . Therefore to dislike , before thou hast either tryed or diligently reade , were either to be rash or vnkinde . Faire well . A a a b c ● d d e e f ff g h h i k l ll . m n o oo p pp q r s s s st s t tt v u w x y z z qu A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T V W X Y Z In the name of the father and of the sonne and of the holy ghoste amen . / My sowle cleaueth to the dust : O quicken thou me according to thie woorde / I haue acknowleged my wayes and thou heardest me . O teache me thie statuits Make me to vnderstande the waye of thie commaundements and so shall I talke of y i wonderous workes My soule melteth awaye for very heauynes , comforte thou me according vnto thy worde Take from me the waye of lying and 〈◊〉 thou me to make much of thy lawe / I haue chosen the way of faith and thy iudgementes haue I layde before me / I haue sticked vnto thy testimonies , O lorde confounde me not . I will 〈◊〉 the waye of thy commaundements when thou hast sett my hart at libertie . / FINIS . LONDON : ●rinted for the Company of Stationers . 1630. Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A19300-e670 The titles of the Chapters must not be● taught the Schol●●● but onely direct the Teachers . C. before a , ● , u , like ( k ) but before ● , or i , like ( s ) if no other letter come betweene . force with 1c . * You may sometime spell this way , if the word will bee more easie , which is especially when the word end●th in ( ch , gh or sh ) for then they cannot well be diuided . After ( u ) we vse to giue little or no sound to ( b. ) The reason of this difference I shewed before . * For ( a ) heere many put an . * We may put ( c ) before ( k ) not pronounced . Notes for div A19300-e7230 Looke not for any exact definitions , but for such descriptions is are fit for children . I make ( h ) a letter for plainnes ; which exactly is none , but a no●e of b●ea●hing . * Dipthong . Fo● when one is little sounded , I call them improper Dipthongs Ae , Oe , in Latine words , make a Dipthong . Consonant . e Not sounded . e Not sounded . Letters not pronounced . * For the la● to syllable must no● begin with a vowel , except the former end in a vowell . Doubleconsonants . * The plurall number I will now leaue diuiding those syllables which I haue taught by rule , the better to bring Schollers to present practice . One Consonant . a Because the former syllable cannot end with a Consonant , except the syllable following begin with a consonant . b We call that simple , that is not compounded . c The syllable will keepe the same letters , as when he was simple . d Therefore ( x ) is called a double consonant . Two consonants . Three , or moe Consonants , Of ( e ) in the end of a word . Here u , with e , hath the sound of a consonāt . And ( ee ) as ( se ) and when short words ●nd in ( c ) we vse to adde ( k ) * Especially a●ter , and is as in esp●e , argue . Whereas some would make such words as able , two syllables , and that e in the end , makes bl , to be as it were a syllable , I can see no reason for it . A letter not pronounced . a The joyning of these kind of vowels may be called improper dipthongs , because one of them ●● little heard . ( e ) ( i ) ( o ) ( u ) ( b ) ( c ) ( g ) ( h ) ( gh ) ( n ) ( p ) ( s ) ( t ) ( e and o ) * Which Grāmarians call the second person ph . ( th ) Like ( ● ) the Greeke ▪ ( th ) which onely Schollers vnderstand . ( gi , and ge ) The first sort are sounded like the latine ( g ) the other like Greek ( v ) Ce , se , ●● , s● ▪ * That is , by adding something to the beginning or end . ( s ) Often like ( z ) as brazier . Ci , si , ●i , xi . ( o ) Before ( m ) or ( n ) * The proper name is wrieten , Some or Soame . * Which some write heart . Diuers sound and writing in the same sense ▪ ( or ) ( like que ) Write sound that end in ( cus in Latin , as publicus ▪ with ( k ) publike ; and those that end in ( quus ) as obliquus , with ( que ) oblique , but traffique , because it is French. ( y ) ●ccent vsually omitted in our English Prints . Called breuiations , Called Apostrophe's . Capitall letters . Corrupt pronunciation & writing . * For letters were first deuised according to sound . Notes for div A19300-e21150 Ac●s 12 , 16 Rom. 10 , 9 , 10. Acts. 4 , 12 2 , Tim. 3 , 16 17 D●u . 4 , 35 , and 6 , 4 Ephes . 4 , 6 1 , Tim 1 , 17 Iohn 4 , 24 1 , Iohn 5 , 7 Math 3 , 16 , 19 Math. 28 , 19 1 , Iohn 5 , 7 Psal . 1● , 1 , 7 , & 29 , 3 , 4 , 5. Rom. 1 , 29 , & 10 , 18 * Heb. 11 , 3 Gen. 1 , 1 Gen. 1 , 27 ▪ ● , Cor. 8 , 6. Ephes . 4 , 24. Gen , 1 , 27 Rom. 11 , 36 Rom. 3 , 10 , 11 12. Rom 3 , 23. 1 , Iohn ● , 8 , 10 Rom. 5. 12. ●8 29. Gen. 3 , 6 Rom. 5 , 1● . Rom. 2 , 15 , & 3 , 2● ▪ Gal. 3. 19. Psal . 19 , 7. Exod. 34 , 28 Exod. 20 , ● . Leuit. 19 , 29 Exod. ●1 , 18 & 34 , 16 Math. 22 , 27 Math. 22 , 29 Ephes . 2 , 3 Rom. 3 , 10. Rom. 3 , 10 , Gal. 3. 34. Prou. 2 , 18. Psal . 119. 105 , Rom. 6 , 23 Acts , 4 , 1● Math , 3 , 1● Rom. 9 , 5 , Esay 9 , 6. Heb. 1 , 6. Heb. 9 , 2● Heb. 2 , 14. 1 , Pet. 1 , 9 , and 2 , 22 Heb. 4 , 15. 1 , Pet. 1 , 24. & 4 , 1 ▪ 1 , Pet , 3 , 18. Mat. 25 , 46 , & 7 , 23. Reuel . 22 , 1 , 5. Iohn 3. 16. Gal. 3 , 26. Heb. 10 , 22 Rom. 4 , 20 , 2 , ● Iohn , 1 , 12. Acts. 4 , 12 , 2 , Thes . 3 , 2. Phil. 2 , 29. Math 16 ●● Rom. 1● , ●● 1 , Cor. 1 , 22 Acts 2 , 41 2 , Cor. 4 , 13 Ioh. 1 , 31 , & 6 , 17 , 1 , Pet. 2 , 2 Acts. 2 , 37 Heb. 11 , 7 Psal . 119 , 123 ● , Iohn 3 , 14 Rom. 4 , 11. Math. 28 , 19 & 26 , 16 1. Cor. 11 , 23 Math. 26 , 26 ● , Cor. 11 , 23 Gen. 17 , 11 Rom. 4 , 11 Acts , 8. 26 Iohn 3 , 5 Mark. 16 , 16 Acts , 2 , 23 Rom. 6 , 3 Mat. 2● , 26 , 27 1 , Cor. 11 , 23. 24 , 25. Gen. 17 , 10 , 11 Exod. 12 , 11 Iohn 6 , 63. 1 , Cor. 11 , 18 Tit. 3 , 10. 1 , Cor. 11 , 28 , 29. Math , 1 , 23 , Rom. 12 , 18. Heb. 12. 14. 1. Cor. 11 , 30 ● , Cor. 11 , 30. Rom ● , 2● . Iames 16. 1 , Iohn 5 , 14 , Psal . 50 , 14 , 15 Iohn 16 , 2 , 3 Math , 6 , 9 Psal . 116 , 12 , 13 Ephes 5 , 10 Deu , 8 , 3 , 6 & ● Pot. 1 , 15. Ephes . 5 , 16 Col●● 4 , 7 , & 2 , 2 Luk 14 ▪ 15 1● . Deu● . 4 , 9 and 6 , 7. Gen. 18 , 19 Pro. 31. 27 , 28. Colos 3. 1. Heb ▪ 13 , 16. Gal. 6 , 10. Colos . 3 , 5. Ephes . 5. 3. 4. Math. 10 , 24 Dan , 9 , 34. &c 20 , Lamen● 1. 1 1 , Cor , 1 , 7 Tit , 2 , 2 , 16 Iam. 5 , 13 R●cles 7 , 4 Phil. 1 , 23. Reuel . 22 , 24 D●● . 11. 19 , 20 Ioshua 1 , 8 , Psal , 1 , 2 Dan. 9 , 2 Neh. 9 , 38 2 , Chro. 34 , 31 1 , Pet. 1 , 14 2 , Pet , 2 , 20 , 21 22. Math , 18 , 8 ● ▪ Thef 5 , 22 Reuel . 2 , 4. Iam. 1 , 19. Iam. 1. 22 Rom. 2 , 13 , Eccles , 4 , 17. Ephes . 5 , 20. Psal . 116. 12 , 17 , & 118 , 15. Phil. 1 , 13. 2 , Tim. 4 , 7 , 8. 
A58162	----	A collection of English vvords not generally used, with their significations and original in two alphabetical catalogues, the one of such as are proper to the northern, the other to the southern counties : with catalogues of English birds and fishes : and an account of the preparing and refining such metals and minerals as are gotten in England / by John Ray ... Ray, John, 1627-1705. 1674 Approx. 181 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 101 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2006-06 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A58162 Wing R388 ESTC R5328 13206235 ocm 13206235 98487 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A58162) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 98487) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 435:17) A collection of English vvords not generally used, with their significations and original in two alphabetical catalogues, the one of such as are proper to the northern, the other to the southern counties : with catalogues of English birds and fishes : and an account of the preparing and refining such metals and minerals as are gotten in England / by John Ray ... Ray, John, 1627-1705. [14], 178 p. Printed by H. Bruges for Tho. Barrell ..., London : 1674. Errata on p. 178. Reproduction of original in Cambridge University Library. Pages 52 and 64 are tightly bound in filmed copy. Pages 50-75 photographed from Osler Library, McGill University copy and inserted at the end. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. English language -- Provincialisms. English language -- Obsolete words. Birds -- England. Fishes -- Great Britain. Metallurgy -- Early works to 1800. Metallurgy -- Terminology. 2005-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-08 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-01 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2006-01 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A COLLECTION OF English VVORDS . Not Generally used , with their Significations and Original , in two Alphabetical Catalogues , The one of such as are proper to the Northern , the other to the Southern Counties . With Catalogues of English Birds and Fishes : And an Account of the preparing and refining such Metals and Minerals as are gotten in England . By JOHN RAY Fellow of the ROYAL SOCIETY . LONDON , Printed by H. Bruges for Tho. Burrell at the Golden-Ball under St. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet , 1674. TO HIS Honoured Friend PETER COURTHOPE OF Danny in Sussex Esquire . SIR , THough I need no other Motive to induce me to present you with this Collection of English Words , but that I might take occasion publickly to own my Obligations to you , as well for your long continued Friendship , as for the Assistance you have sometime afforded me in those Studies to which I am I think naturally inclined , yet one Circumstance did more especially lead me to make choice of you for its Patron ; and that is , that you were the first that Contributed to it , and indeed the Person that put me upon it ; and so it being in good measure your own , I have reason to hope that you will Favourably accept it . I confess the Work is so inconsiderable , that I am somewhat ashamed to prefix your name before it , but having nothing else left of my own , which I design to trouble the World with , as not knowing whether I may live so long as to perfect my intended Method and History of Plants ; I chuse rather to present you with this , then lose the Honour of being known to have such a Friend , or neglect the duty of making acknowledgments where they are due , especially having already made Presents of this Nature to others of my Friends , which is enough to excuse this Dedication intended to no other purposes by Sir , Your very humble Servant , JO. RAY . TO THE READER . IN my travels through several parts of England , besides other things , which I principally minded and pursued , I could not but take notice of the difference of Dialect , and variety of Local words ( for so I will take leave to call such as are not of general use ) in divers Counties , by Reason whereof in many places , especially of the North , the Language of the common people , is to a stranger very difficult to be understood . Whereupon I thought it might be worth the while to make a Collection of such words for my own use , and began first to set down those that occurred to me in common discourse . But making short stayes in particular places , and conversing but with few persons , I found that what I could take notice of my self would be but an inconsiderable part of what were in use among the vulgar . Therefore I desired my friends and acquaintance living in several Countreys to communicate to me what they had observed each of their own Countrey words , or should afterwards gather up out of the mouths of the people ; which divers of them accordingly did . To whose contributions I must acknowledge my self to owe the greatest part of the words , I now present the Reader with , in these Catalogues . The considerations which induced me to make them publick were . First , because I knew not of anything that hath been already done in this kind . 2. Because I conceive , they may be of some use to them who shall have occasion to travel the Northern Counties , in helping them to understand the common language there . 3. Because they may also afford some diversion to the curious , and give them occasion of making many considerable remarks . As for the sence and import of these words , I am confident I am not therein mistaken , having received it from persons that well understand the force and meaning of them in the places where they are used . But of their original or Etymology , for want of sufficient skill in the Saxon , Dutch and Danish Languages , I have not been able to give so good an account as I desired , and by those helps might have done . For what I have performed in this kind , I acknowledge my self to have been for the most part beholden to Dr. Skinner's Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae , and Mr. Somners Saxon Dictionary , by turning over which last work I find a great part of these words to be pure Saxon , or manifestly derived thence ; and I doubt not but many of the rest , which occur not in that Dictionary ( which being collected out of but a few Books and fragments that remain of that Language , cannot be conceived to comprehend near all the words in common use ) are of like Original . I am sensible that this Collection is far from Perfect , not conteining perchance more then one moiety of the Local words used in all the several Counties of England . But it is as full as I can at present easily make it , and may give occasion to the curious in each Countrey to supply what are wanting , and so make the work compleat . I have added hereto , 1. a Catalogue of English Birds , as well such as continually abide and breed with us ; as those they call Birds of passage , that come and go at certain seasons , admitting also some which frequent our coasts only upon occasion of hard Winte●s or other accidents , all which either my Self or Mr. Francis Willughby have both seen and described . Since this Catalogue was sent away to the Press , among some Pictures of Birds which I have received from the Learned and deservedly Famous Sr. Thomas Brown of Norwich , I find two or three English Birds by me omitted , as whereof I was not then certain , 1. Oedicnemus Bellonii , by him also first observed in England . Upon the Picture of it sent me by Sr. Tho. I find inscribed , A stone Curlew , from about Thetford , whereabout they breed . It hath a Remarkeable eye and note somewhat like a green plover , 2. A shear-water inscribed , Larus niger , pectore albido , rostro adunco , 3. The Barker , a marsh Bird with a long bill , to which there was no Latine name added , 4. Mergulos melanoleucos rostro acuto brevi , 5. A little Bird of a tawney colour on the back , and a blew head , yellow bill , black legs , shot in an Osiar yard , called by Sir Tho. for distinction sake Silerella . 2. Two Catalogues of fishes , one of all our English fresh water fishes ; the other of such sea-fish as are taken about Pensans in Carnwal . 3. Several relations of the manner of smelting , refining and preparing such metals and minerals as are found in England , according to the best information I could get in the places where they are wrought . A Collection OF LOCAL VVORDS PROPER To the North and South COUNTREYS . North Countrey Words . A TO Adle or Addle ; to Earn , from the ancient Saxon word Ed-lean , a reward , recompence or requital . Agate ; Ches . Just going , as I am Agate . Gate in the Northern Dialect signifies a way , so that a Agate is at or upon the way . A mell ; Among , betwixt , contracted from a midle ; Some pronounce it ameld . Anauntrins ; If so be . I know not what the Original of this should be , unless it be from An , for if , and Auntrins contracted from Peradventure . Anent ; Over against , concerning , A word of frequent use among the Scots . Some deduce it from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oppositum . Nec male sane ( inquit Skinnerus in Etymologico Linguae Anglicanae ) si vel soni vel sensus convementiam respicias . Sed quo commercio Graeci Scotis totius Europae longitudine dissi●is vocabula impertiri potuerurit ? Mallem igitur deducere ab AS Nean Propé , additâ particulâ initiali otiosa AS . An Arain : a Spider a Lat. Aranea , it is used only for the larger kind of Spiders . Nottinghamshire . An Ark ; A large Chest to put corn or fruit in like the Bing of a Buttery ; from the Latin word Arca. Arles or Earles ; Earnest , An Arles-penny , An Earnest penny , from the Latin word archa . An Asker ; a Newt , or Eft , Salamandra aquatica . 2. Astite ; Anon , shortly , or As soon . i. e. As Tide , Tide in the North signifies soon , and tider or titter sooner . The tider ( that is the sooner ) you come the tider you 'll goe ; from the Saxon Tid signifying time , which is still in use , as in Shrove-tide , Whitsun-tide , &c. 1. As Asly ; As willingly . An Attercob ; A Spiders Web. Cumberl . Average ; The breaking of corn fields ; Eddish , Roughings . Average in Law signifies either the beasts which tenants and vassals were to provide their Lords for certain services , or that money that was laid out by Merchants to repair the losses suffered by Shipwrack ; and so it is deduced from the old word Aver [ Averium ] signifying a labouring beast : or Averia signifying Goods or Chattels , from the French Avoir to have or possess . But in the sence we have used it , it may possibly come from Haver signifying Oates ; or from Averia , beasts , being as much as feeding for cattal , pasturage . An Aumbry or Ambry or Aumery . A Pantry or Cupboard to set victuals in : Skinner makes it to Signify a Cupboards head , or side-table : super quam vasa mensaria & tota argentea supellex ad usum conviviorum exponitur : à Fr. G. Aumoire , Armaire & Armoire , It. Armaro idem signantibus , q. d. Latine Armarium . Prov. No sooner up , but the head in the Aumbry , and nose in the cup ; in which sentence it must needs signifie a Cup-board for Victuals . Aunters : Peradventure , or , in case , if it chance . I guess it to be contracted from Adventure , which was first mollified into Auventure , and then easily contracted into Aunter . The Aunder , or as they pronounce it in Cheshire Oneder ; The afternoon . B. BAin ; Willing , Forward : opposed to Lither . The Balk or Bawk : The Summer-beam . Balks , Bawks : Poles laid over a stable or other building for the roof , à Belgico & Teuton . Balk , Trabs , tignum . A Balk staffe : A Quarter-staffe , A great staffe like a Pole or Beam. A Bannock , An Oat-cake kneaded with water only and baked in the Embers . In Lancashire , and other parts of the North , they make several sorts of Oaten bread , which they call by several names : as 1. Tharcakes , the same with Bannocks , viz. Cakes made of Oat-meal as it comes from the mill and fair water , without Yeast or leaven , and so baked . 2. Clap-bread : Thin hard Oat-cakes . 3. Kitchiness-bread : Thin soft Oat-cakes made of thin batter . 4. Riddle-cakes : thick Sour-cakes , from which differs little that which they call Hand-hoven Bread , having but little leaven , and being kneaded stiffer . 5. Jannock , Oaten bread made up in loaves . A Bargh , A Horseway up a steep hill . York-shire . A Barn or Bearn : A Child : it is an ancient Saxon word . In the ancient Teutonick Barn signifies a son , derived perchance from the Syriack Bar , I'ilius . Bearn-teams , Broods of Children , as they expounded it to me . I find that Bearn-team in the Saxon , signifies Issue , offspring , Children , from team , soboles , and Bearn . Beating with Child : Breeding , gravid . York-shire . A Beck : a small brook : a word common to the ancient Saxon , High and low Dutch and Danish . Beer or Birre q. Beare : Force , might . With aw my beer . Chesh . i. e. with all my force . Beight of the Elbow : Bending of the Elbow . Chesh . Asubstantive from the preterperfect tense of Bend , as Bought of the like signification , from Bow. Belive : Anon , by and by , or towards night . By the Eve. To Bensel : To bang or beat . Vox rustica Ebor. To Berry : to Thresh . Biggening : I wish you a good biggening : i. e. A good getting up again after lying in . Votum pro puerpera . Bizen'd : Skinner writes it Beesen or Beezen or Bison : Blinded . From by signifying besides , and the Dutch word Sin signifying Sence . q. d. Sensu omnium nobilissimo orbatus : saith he . Cow-blakes : Casings , Cow-dung dried , used for Fewel . Bleit or Blate : Bashful . A toom purse makes a bleit Merchant . Scot. Prov. That is , an empty purse makes a shamefac't Merchant . Fortass q. bleak or blank . Bloten : Fond , as Children are of their nurses . Chesh . To Bluffe : To blindfold . A Bondy : A Simpleton . York-sh . To Boke at one : to Point at one . Chesh . i. e. to Poke at one . To Boke , to Nauseate , to be ready to vomit , also to Belch . Vox agro Lincolniensi familiaris ( inquit Skinnerus ) Alludit saltem Hispan . Bessar vomere , Boquear oscitare seu Pandiculari ; vel possit deflecti à Latino evocare , vel melius à Belg. Boocken , Boken pulsare , vel Fuycken Trudere , protrudere . Vomitus enim est rerum vomitu rejectarum quaedam protrusio seu extrusio . The Boor : The Parlour , Bed-chamber or inner room . Cumb. A Boose : an Oxe , or Cow-stall . ab AS . Bosih . v. Ox-boose . To Boun and unboun ; to dress and undress . Forte ● Belgico Bouwen , to build or manure . which word also substantively signifies a womans garment . To Bourd ; to Jest , used most in Scotland . Bourd [ Jest ] neither with me nor with my honour , Prov. Scot. Bout : Without . Chesh . To be bout as Barrow was , i. e. to be without as , &c. Prov. Braken : Brakes , Fern. [ var. Dial. ] Brakes is a word of General use all England over . Bragget , A sort of compound drink made up with honey , Spices , &c. in Cheshire , Lancashire , &c. Minshew derives it from the Welsh Bragod signifying the same . forte q. d. Potus Galliae braccatae . The Author of the English Dictionary set forth in the Year , 1658. Deduces it from the Welsh word Brag signifying Malt , and Gots a Honey Comb. A Brandrith ; a Trevet or other iron to set any vessel on , over the fire , from the Saxon Brandred , a Brand iron , Bratt ; Vox agro Lincolniensi usitata , sic autem appellatur Semicinctium ex panno vilissimo ab AS Bratt panniculus ; hoc a verbo Brittan . Gebritian , frangere , q. d. Panni fragmenta . Skinner . Braughwham ; A dish made of Cheese , Egges , Clap-bread and Butter boyled together , Lancash . To Breade ; i. e. to make broad , to spread . ab AS . Braedan . To Bree ; to Frighten . To Breid or brade of ; to be like in conditions , from breeding , because those that are bred of others are for the most part like them . Ye breid of the Millers dog , ye lick your mouth or the poke be ope . Prov. Scot. Brichoe ; Brittle . Var. Dial. Chesh . Broach ; a Spit , it is a French word : From its similitude whereto a Spire-steeple is called a Broach-steeple , as an Obelisk is denominated from , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a spit . It signifies also a Butchers-prick . Hat Bruarts ; Hat brims . Cheshire , Var. Dial. A Buer ; a Gnat. Bulle● ; Hempstalks pilled . Bulkar ; Vox agro Lincoln . usitatissima , proculdubio à Dan. Bielcker , n. pl. trabes , Bielck , Tignum , Trabs . Skinner . C. CAnt ; strong , lusty , very cant , God yield you , i. e. Very strong and lu●●y , God reward you , Chesh . To Cant ; to Recover or Mend. A health to the good wives canting , i. e. her recovering after lying in , Canting ; Auctio . A Capo ; a working horse . Chesh . A Carl-cat ; a Bore or He-cat , from the old Saxon Carle a male , and Cat. A Carre ; a hollow place where water stands . The Carr-sick ; The Kennel ; a word used in Sheffield , York-sh . To Carve or Kerve ; to grow sowre , spoken of cream , Chesh . Casings : Dryed cowes dung used for fewel , from the Dutch Koth , fimus , caenum , q. d. Cothings , Skinner . A Char : a particular business or taske , from the word charge . That Char is chard , &c. That business is dispatcht . I have a little Char for you , &c. A Char is also the name of a Fish of the trout-kind found in Winander-mere in Westmerland , and in a lake in Carnarvanshire by the back of Snowdon . To Chare : to stop : as char the cow , i. e. Stop or turn her . A Chaundler : A Candlestick , Sheffield . To Chieve : to succeed : as , It chieves nought with him : So , Fair chieve you , I wish you good luck , good speed or success , from Atchieve per Aphaeresin : or perchance from the French word Chevir , to obtain . To Cleam : a word of frequent use in Lincolnshire , signifying to glue together , to fasten with glue . Ab AS . Claemian , beclaemian . Oblinere , unde nostrum clammy . AS . clam , Plasma , emplastrum : Danic . Kliiner , Glutino . Nescio autem an verbum claemian & Nom. Clam orta sint à Lat. Limus , Limus enim propter lentorem admotis corporibus adhaeret , Skinner . Clem'd or clam'd : Starved , because by famine the guts and bowels are as it were clammed or stuck together . Sometimes it signifies thirsty , and we know in thirst the mouth is very often clammy . Clough : a valley between two steep hills . it is an ancient Saxon word , derived ( as Skinner saith ) from the verb to cleave . Clumps : Jdle , lazy , unhandy , ineptus , a word of common use in Lincolnshire , à vet . Fr. G. Cloppe , claudus , vel à Belg. Klonte , Klonter , vel potius Klompe , Teut. Klamp , Massa , q. d. Carnis massa , spiritus & ingenij expers , vel à Belg. Lompsch , Stupidus , piger , hoc fort . à Lompe , Clompe massa ob rationem jam dictam : vel forte clumps contr . & corr . a nostro clownish , Skinner . A Clussum'd hand , a clumsy hand , Chesh . per metathesin literarum . Cobby : Stout , Hearty , Brisk . Cocket : Brisk , malapert . Dicimus autem ( verba sunt Skinneri ) He is very cocket , de homine valetudinario qui jam melius●ule se habet & convalescere incipit . q. d. Est instar Galli alacer , non ut prius languidus . vel à Fr. G. Coqueter , Glocitare instar Galli galgallinas suas vocantis , vel superbe incedere iustar galli in suo sterquilinio . A Cod ; a Pillow : a Pin-cod , a Pin-cushion . Coke : Pit-coal or Sea-cole charred : it is now become a word of general use , à Lat. coquere , q. d. Carbo coctus . Cole or Keal : Potage : Colewort : Potage-herb , Potage was so denominated from the herb Colewort , because it was usually thereof made , and Colewort from the Latine word Caulis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , signifying Brasica . A Collock : A great piggin . To Cope a wall : to cover it , the Coping : the top or roof of the wall . Ab AS . Coppe , Apex , Culmen , fastigium hoc , a Cop , Caput . This is a word of general use , and not proper to the North Countrey only . Counterfeits and trinkets : Porringers and Sausers , Chesh . A Cranny lad : Chesh . A jovial , brisk , lusty Lad. A Crassantly lad : a coward . Chesh . in Lancashire they say Craddanly . To Cream : to mantle , spoken of drink : it is a metaphor taken from milk . Creem it into my hand : Put it in slily or secretly , Chesh . Crowse : Brisk , budge , lively , jolly . As crowse as a new washen louse , Prov. D. To DAcker : to waver , stagger or totter , a word used in Lincolnshire , parum deflexo sensu à Belg. Dacckeren , motare , motitare , volitare , hoc à nomine Daeck , Nebula : Vapores enim nebulosi huc illuc vel minimo venti flatu impelluntur . Skinner . To Daffe : to Daunt . A Daffock : a Dawkin . Daft : Stupid , blockish , daunted , a verbo Daffe . Dare : Harm or pain . Dare in the Ancient Saxon signifies Hurt , harm , loss . It does me no dare : i. e. no harm . So in Essex we say , It dares me , i. e. it pains me . To Daw or Dow : to thrive . He neither dees nor daws , i. e. He neither dies nor mends . He 'll never dow , i. e. He will never be good . a Teut. Dauwen , Verdauwen , concoquere , vel potius a Deyen , Gedeyen , Augescere , increscere , proficere , AS . Dean , Proficere , vigere , Skinner . A Dawgos or Dawkin : a dirty , slattering woman . A Dayes man : An Arbitrator . Dazed bread : Dough-baked . I's dazed : I am very cold . Deafely : Lonely , solitary , far from neighbours . Dearn : signifies the same . To Deg : v. Leck . To Didder : to quiver with cold , à Belg. Sitteren , Teut. Zittern : omnia a stridulo sono , quem frigore horrentes & trementes dentibus edimus , Skinner . Dight : Dressed : ill dight , ill dressed , from the Saxon Dihtan , parare , instruere . To Dight : Cheshire , to foule or dirty one . To Ding : to Beat : forte à Teut. Dringen , urgere premere , elisa literâ r. A Dingle : A small clough or valley between two steep hills . To Dize : to put tow on a distaffe . Dizen'd : Drest . A Donnaught or Donnat : [ i. e. Doenaught : ] Naught , good for nothing : idle Persons being commonly such , Yorkshire . A Dole or Dool : A long narrow green in a plowed field left unplowed . 2. Doundrins : Derb : Afternoons drinkings : Aunder there signifying the Afternoon . 1. A Dosome beast : Chesh . That will be content with nothing , also thriving , that comes on well . A Drape : a farrow cow , or cow whose milk is dried up . Drape-Sheep , Oves reijculae , credo ab AS . Drefe , Expulsio , Skinner . Dree : Long , seeming tedious beyond expectation , spoken of a way . A hard bargainer , spoken of a person . I suppose it is Originally no more then dry , though there be hardly any word of more frequent use in the North Countrey , in the sence mentioned . Drozen : Fond , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A Dub : a Pool of water . E. EAm , mine Eam : My Unkle , also generally my Gossip , my Compere , my friend . Ab AS . Eam , Teut , Ohm , Belg. Oom , Avunculus . Omnia a Latino Amita , fort . & ant . Amitus , Hin Dan. & Teut. Amme , Nutrix : Materterae enim seu Amitae nepotes suos nutrire solent & fovere , Skinner . To Earn : to run as cheese doth . Earning , cheese-rennet or rening . Var. Dialect . The Easter : The back of the chimney , or chimney-stock . To Eckle or Ettle : to Aim , intend , design . Eddish : Roughings , ab . AS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gramen serotinum & hoc à Praep. loquelari AS . Ed. rursus , denuo . q. d. Gramen quod denuo crescit . To Eem , Chesh . as I cannot Eem , I have no leisure , I cannot spare time . Eever : Chesh . Corner or quarter . The wind is in a cold eever . i. e. a cold corner or quarter . An El mother , Cumb. A step mother . The Elder : the Udder : it signifies the same thing in the Low Dutch. Elden : Fewel for fire ab AS . Aeled , ignis , Aelan , accendere . An Eshin : a Pail or Kit. Skeer the Esse : Chesh . Separate the dead ashes from the Embers . F. FAin ; Glad . Fair words make fools fain Prov. From the Saxon Faegan , Laetus hilaris , Faegnian , gaudere . Fantome corn ; Lank or light corn : Fantome flesh : when it hangs loose on the bones . The French call a spirit appearing by night or a Ghost , a Fantosme , from Phantasma , spectrum . So then Phantosme corn is corn that hath as little bulk or solidity in it as a Spirit or Spectre . Farantly : handsome . Fair and farantly : Fair and handsome . To Feal : to Hide . He that feales can find . Prov. i. e. He that hides , &c. Feg : Fair , handsome , clean , from the Saxon Faeger by Apocope : to Feg , to flag or tire . To Fend : to Shift for , from defend , per aphaeresin . To Fettle : to set or goe about any thing , to dress , or prepare . To Few , to change . To Fey or Feigh it : to doe any thing notably : to Fey meadowes is to cleanse them : to Fey a pond , to empty it . A Flacket ; a Bottle made in fashion of a barrel . A Fleack : a Gate to set up in a gap . Fluish : q. Fluid , washy , tender , weak , perchance from the Low Dutch Flaun , faint , feeble . To Flizze : to Fly off , from the Low Dutch Flitsen to Fly and Flitse an Arrow or Shaft . A Flizzing : a Splinter , of the same original , they seem to be made from the sound per 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . To Flite : to Scold or brawle , from the Saxon Flitan , to contend , strive or brawle . Fogge : Long Grass remaining in pastures till winter . To Format or Formel : to bespeak any thing : from Fore and mal ( as I suppose ) signifying in the ancient Danish a word , sermo Formael or Formal in the Saxon signifies a Bargain , a Treaty , an Agreement , a covenant . Forthen and Forthy : therefore . Fow : Chesh . Foul. var. Dial. Freelege : Sheffield . Privilege , Immunitas . Frem'd or Fremt ; Far off , not related to , or strange , at enmity . From the Saxon and Dutch Fremb'd , advena , exterus , alienigena , a stranger or alien from the Preposition Fram Fra From. Frim : Handsome , rank , well liking , in good case , as a Frim tree or beast , i. e. a thriving tree or beast : a Wallico Frum : vel fort . ab AS . Fremian : valere prodesse . To Frist : to trust for a time . Fristen in Dutch is to give respit , to make a truce . ab AS . Fyrstan : ejusdem significationis . A Fudder : a Load . It relates properly to Lead , and signifies a certain weight , viz. 8 pigs or 1600 l. from the high Dutch Fuder signifying a Cart-Load . Hoc fortè ( inquit Skinner ) à Teut. Fuehren , vehere , ducere , & tandem omnia credo à Lat. vehere . Fukes : Chesh . Locks of hair . Where Fured you ? Cumb. Whither went you ? Fuzzen or Fuzen : Nourishment , the same with Fizon or Foifon used in Suffolk , signifying there the natural juice or moisture of any thing , the heart and strength of it . Elsewhere it signifies plenty , abundance , and is a pure French word . v. Skinner . G. The GAil or Guile-dish ; The Tun-dish . Gail-clear ; a Tub sor wort . Gain : Not. applied to things is convenient , to persons active , expert , to a way near short . The word is used in many parts of England . To Gang ; to goe or walk , from the Low Dutch Gangen , both originally from the Saxon Gan , signifying to goe . To Garre ; to make , cause or force : from the Danish word Gior , to make . A Garth : a Yard or Backside , a croft : from the Saxon Geard a Yard . A Gate : a way or path : in Low Dutch Gat. In Danish Gade , from the Saxon Gan , to goe . A Gaule : Lanc. a Leaver , ab AS Geafle , Palanga , Vectis . A Gawn or Goan , Chesh . a Gallon , by contraction of the word . To Ghybe or Gibe : to Scold . A Gibbon : a Nut-hook . A Gib-staffe : a Quarter-staffe . Giddy : mad with anger . The word Giddy is common all England over , to signifie Dizzy or by a metaphor unconstant , Giddy-headed : but not to signify furious or intoxicated with anger , in which sence the word Mad is elsewhere used . A Gimmer-lamb : an Ew-lamb : fort . q. a Gammer-lamb : Gammer is a contraction of Godmother , and is the usual compellation of the common sort of Women . Gin , gif : In the old Saxon is Gif , from whence the word If is made per aphaeresin literae G. Gif from the verb Gifan dare , and is as much as Dato . To Glaffer or Glaver ; Chesh . To Flatter . Glatton : Welsh-flannel . Glob'd : Chesh . Wedded to , fond of . Glotten'd : Chesher . Surprised , startled . To be Glum : to look sadly or sowrly , to frown , contracted from Gloomy . A word common to the Vulgar both in the North and South . To Gly : Lincoln . to look a-squint . Limis seu distortis oculis instar Strabonis contueri , fortè ab AS . Gleyan , Belg. Gloeyen , Teut. Gluen , ignescere , candescere , q. d. incensis & prae ira flammantibus oculis conspicere . Skinner . To Goam : to Grasp or clasp : in Yorksh . to mind or look at . A Gool : a Ditch , Lincolns : lacuna , fort . à Belg. Gouw , Agger , Aquagium , vel a Fr. G. Jaule , Gaiole , Latinè Caveola , quoniam ubi in fossam , scrobem seu lacunam hujusmodi incidimus , eâ tanquam cavea aut carcere detinemur , &c. Skin . Greathly : Handsomely , towardly . In Greath : Well . Grees or Griece : Stairs : From the French Grez and both from the Latine Gradus . in Norfolk they call them Grissens . To Greit or Greet : to weep or cry : it seems to come from the Italian Gridare , to cry or weep . Vox Scotis usitatissima . To Greet and Yowl , Cumberland , to weep and cry . A Grip , or Gripe : a little ditch or trench , fossula , ab AS . Graep , fossula , Cuniculus , This word is of general use all over England . A Grove , Lincolns : à Belg. Groeve Fossa . to Grove : to Grave à Belg. Graven , Fodere . Grout : Wort of the last running . Skinner makes it to signify Condimentum cerevisiae , mustum cerevisiae , ab AS . Grut. Ale before it be fully brewed or sod , new Ale. It signifies also millet . I Grow : I am troubled . To Growze : to be chill before the beginning of an ague-fit . To Guill , to Dazle : spoken of the eyes ▪ Chesh . A Gun : a great Flagon of Ale sold for 3d. or 4d . H. A HAck , Lincolns , forte . ab AS . Hegge , Haeg , Sepes , Septum , vel Haeca , Belg. Heck . Pessulus , repagulum , vel Locus repagulis seu cancellis clausus : nobis autem parum deflexo senfu Faeni conditorium , seu Praesepe cancellatum fignat ; a Rack Skinner . It Haggles : It hails , Var. Dial. ab AS . Haegale , haegle , Grando . Haghes , Haws : Var. Dial. ab AS . Hagan , Haws . Hanty : Wanton , unruly : spoken of a Horse or the like when provender pricks him . To Happe : to cover for warmth , from Heap as I suppose , to heap cloathes on one . Happa : Hap ye : Think you ? To Harden : as , the Market Hardens , i. e. Things grow dear . Harns , Cumb. Brains . A Sea Harr : Lincoln . Tempestas à mari ingruens . fort . ab AS . Haern , Flustrum , aestus . Skin . A Haspat or Haspenald lad : Between a Man and a Boy . Hattle : Chesh . Wild , skittish , harmful . Tye the hattle Ky by the horn . i. the skittish Cow. A Hattock : a shock containing 12 sheaves of corn . Haver : Cumb. Oats , it is a Low Dutch word . The Hause or Hose : the throat : ab AS . Hals , collum . An Haust or Hoste : a Dry cough , to Hoste : to cough from the Low Dutch word Hoesten to cough , and Hoest a cough : ab AS . Hwostan , tussire , to cough . To Hose : to Hug or carry in the arms . To Heald : as when you powr out of a pot . A Bed - Healing : Derb. a coverlet : it is also called absolutely a Hylling in many places , to Heale signifies to cover in the South v. Suss : from the Saxon word Helan , to hide , cover or heale . An Heck : a Rack for cattel to feed at . v. Hack. Heldar : Rather , before . Heloe or Helaw : Bashful , a word of common use . Helo in the old Saxon signifies Health , safety . Heppen or Heply : Neat , handsome . Yorkshire , Skinner expounds it dexter , agilis , and saith it is used in Lincolnshire , fort . ab AS . Haeplic , compar : vel potius Belg. Hebbelick , habilis , decens , aptus : vel q. d. Helply i. e. helpful . Hetter : Eager , earnest , keen . Hight ; called ; ab AS . Haten , gehaten , Vocatus a verbo Hatan dicere , jubere , Teut ▪ Heissen , nominari , cluere . To Hight ; Cumb. To Promise , or vow ; as also the Saxon verb Hatan sometimes signifies , teste Somnero in Dictionario Saxonico-Latino-Anglico , so it seems to be used in the English Meeter of the 14th . Verse of Psalm 116. I to the Lord will pay my vows , which I to him behight . Hind-berries ; Raspberries : ab AS . Hind berian . Forte sic dicta , quia inter hinnulos & cervos , i. e. in Sylvis & altibus crescunt . Hine , Hence Cumb. Var. Dial. The Hob ; . The back of the Chimney . Hoo , he ; in the Northwest parts of England most frequently used for she : ab AS . Heo , Hio , à Lat. Ea fortasse . A Hoop ; A measure containing a Peck or quarter of a Strike , York-sh . A Horpet ; A little Handbasket . Nescio an a Corbet , saith Skinner , addita term . dim . & asperam caninam literam r propter euphoniam elidendo , & quod satis frequens est C initiali in Spiritum & B in P murando . The House : the Room called the Hall. A Gill-houter : Chesh . an Owl . Hure : Hair : Var. Dial. To Hylpe at one : to pull the mouth awry , to do one a mischief or displeasure . I. JAnnock : Oaten bread made into great loaves . An Ing : A Common pasture , a Meadow , a word borrowed frome the Danes , Ing in that language signifying a Meadow . Ingie : Cumb. Fire , a blaze or flame , a Lat. Ignis . To Incense ; to inform , a pretty word used about Sheffieild in York-sh . K. KAle or Cale : turn , vicem , Cheshire . Kazzardly : Cattel subject to die , hazardous , subject to casualties . A Keale : Lincoln , a Cold , tussis à frigore contracta , ab AS , Celan , Frigescere . To Keeve a cart , Chesh . to overthrow it , or to turn out the dung . Kenspecked : marked , or branded , notâ insignitus ; q. d. maculatus seu maculis distinctus ut cognoscatur : ab AS . Kennam scire , & Specce macula , Skinner . To Keppen : to Hoodwinck . A Kid : A small faggot of underwood or brushwood : forte a caedendo , q. d. safciculus ligni caedui , Skinner . A Kidcrow : A place for a sucking Calf to lie in , Chesh . A Kimmel or Kemlin : a Poudring Tub. A Kit : a milking pail like a Churn with two ears and a cover , à Belg. Kitte . A Kite : a Belly : Cumb. To Klick up ; Lincoln , to catch up , celeriter corripere : nescio an à Belg. Klacken , Klutsen , Quatere , vel à Latino clepere , hoc à Graeco 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Skinner . A Knightle man : an an active or skilful man. A Knoll : a little round hill , ab AS . Cnolle . The top or cop of a hill or mountain . Kye : Kine , Var. Dial. L. TO LAke : to Play , a word common to all the North Country , vel ( inquit Skinnerus ) ab AS , Plaegan , ludere , rejecto P. ae Dipthong . in simpl a & g in c vel k mutatis , vel à Teuton . & Belg. Lachen ridere vel quod caeteris longe verisimilius est à Dan. Leeger Ludo. Ideo autem haec vox in Septentrionali Angliae regione , non in aliis invaluit , quia Dani illam partem primam invaserunt & penitus occuparunt , uno vel altero seculo priusquam reliquam Angliam subjugrrunt . The Langot of the Shooe ; The latchet of the shooe from Languet Lingula , a little tongue or slip . Land ; Urine , Piss , it is an ancient Saxon word , used to this day in Lancashire , Somner . Lat : q. late , slow , tedious , Lat weather ; wet or otherwise unseasonable weather . Latching : catching , infecting . To Late , Cumb. to seek . A Lathe : a Barn , fort , à verbo Lade , quia frugibus oneratur , Skinner , fort . Lathe : Ease or rest , ab AS Latian , differre , tardare , cunctari . Lathing : Entreaty or invitation . You need no Latching : You need no invitation or urging : ab AS . Gelahdian , to bid , invite , desire to come . The Lave : all the rest , Cumb. A Lawn : a place in the midst of a wood free from wood , a Laund in a Park , a Fr. G. Lande , Hisp . Landa : inculta planities . Lazy : Naught , bad . A Leaden or Lidden ; a noise or din : ab AS . Hyldan , clamare , garrire , tumultuari , to make a noise or outcry , to babble , to chatter , to be tumultuous ; Hyld , tumult , noise . To Lean nothing : to conceal nothing q. leave nothing , or from the old Saxon word Leanne , to shun , avoid , decline . To Lear : to Learn , Var. Dial. Leatn : ceasing , intermission : as no Leath of pain , from the word leave , no leaving of pain . Leck on ; powr on more , Liquor , v. g. Leeten you : Chesh . Make your self , pretend to be . You are not so mad as you leeten you . Leethwake : Limber , pliable . Lestal : saleable that weighs well in the hand , that is heavy in lifting , from the verb lift , as I suppose . To Lig : to lye , Var. Dial. it is near the Saxon Licgan to lye . To Lippen : to Rely on or trust to , Scot. Lither : Lazy , idle , slothful . A word of general use , ab AS . Lidh , Liedh , Lenis . Alludit Gr 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Laevis , glaber , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , simplex , tenuis , Skinner . Lithing : Chesh . Thickening , spoken of a pot of broth , as Lithe the pot , i. e. put Oatmeal into it . A Lite : a few , a little per Apocopen . To Lite on : to Rely on . Liten : a Garden . A Loe : a little round hill , a great heap of stones : ab AS Haewe , Agger , acervus , cumulus , tumulus , a Law , Low , Loo or high ground , not suddenly rising as an hill , but by little and little tillable also , and without wood . Hence that name given to many hillocks and heaps of earth , to be found in all parts of England , being no other but so much congested Earth , brought in a way of burial used of the Ancients , thrown upon the bodies of the dead . Somner in Distinction . Saxon. A Loom : an Instrument or tool in general , Chesh . Loert : q. Lord , Gaffer , Lady , Gammer , used in the Peak of Derbysh . To Lope , Lincoln , to leap , Var. Dial. A Lop : a Flea , ab AS , Loppe , from leaping . Lowe : Flame , and to Lowe ; to flame from the high Dutch Lo●e . To Lowk : i. e. to weed corn , to look out weeds : so in other Countrys , to look ones head , i. e. to look out fleas or lice there . The Luf● : the open hand . M. MAke : match , makeless , matchless , ab AS . Maca , a Peer , an equal , a companion , consort , mate . A Marrow : a Companion or fellow . A pair of gloves or shooes are not marrows , i. e. fellows . Vox generalis . A Maund : a handbasket with two lids , ab AS . Mand. Er. G. Mande . Ital. Madia , corbis ansatus , utrumque à Lat. Manus quia propter ansas manucommodè circumferri potest , Skinner . Meath ; Vox agro Lincoln . usitatissima , ut ubi dicimus , I give thee the meath of the buying , i. e. tibi optionem & plenariam potestatem pretii seu emptionis facio , ab AS . Maedh , Maeht , Maedgh , Maegen , Potentia , potestas ; hoc a verbo Magan posse , Skinner . My Muaugh : My Wives brother or Sisters husband . Meedless : Unruly . Meet or Mete : Measure ▪ Vox general . Meet now , just now . Meeterly , Meetherly , Meederly : handsomely , modestly ; As bow meeterly , from meet , fit . Meny ; a Family : As we be six or seven a meny , i. e. six or seven in Family , from the ancient French Mesnie signifying a Family , v. Skinner . Menseful : comely , graceful , crediting a man , York-sh . Merry banks : a cold Posset , Derb. A Met : a strike or four pecks , ab AS Midi modius . A Midding : a Dunghil , it is an ancient Saxon word ; a nomine mud forté . A Midge : . a Gnat , ab As. Mycg , Mycge , Belg. Mugge , Teut. Muck , Dan. Myg , Omnia a Lat. Musca . Mill-holms : Watery places about a Mill damme . Milwyn : Lancash . Greenfish , fort . à Mllvo q. piscis milvinus . To Mint at a thing : to aim at it , to have a mind to it . To Ming at one , to mention , ab As. Mynegung an admonition , warning or minding ; so it is usually said I had a minging , suppose of an Ague or the like disease , that is not a perfect fit , but so much as to put me in mind of it . Minginater : One that makes Fretwork ; it is a rustick word used in some prat of Yorkshire , corrupted perchance from engine . Miscreed : descryed , This I suppose is also only a rustick word , and nothing else but the word descried corrupted . A Mizzy : a Quagmire . Molter : the toll of a mill , à Latino Mola . Mores : i. e. Hills : hence the hilly part of Staffordshire is called the Morelands : Hence also the County of Westmorland had its name , q. The land or Countrey of the Western mores or hills : and many hills in the North are called mores , as Stanemores &c. from the old Saxon word Mor a hill or Mountain . Welly moyder'd : almost distracted . Cheshire . Muck : Lincolns . moist , wet , à Belg. Muyck , Mollis , lenis , mitis . Mollities enim humiditatem sequitur . Mullock : Dirt or rubbish . Murk : Dark , Murklins : in the dark , à Dan. Morck , Fuscus , Morcker : infusco : item tenebrae . Occurrit & Ant. Lat. Murcidus , Murcus , quae Festo idem sonant quod ignavus , iners . This word is also used in the South but more rarely . A Murth of corn : abundance of corn . forte . a More . N. A NApkin ; a Pocket Hand-Kerchief , so called about Sheffield in Yorkshire . Nash or Nesh : Washy , tender , weak , puling . Skinner makes it proper to Worcestershire , and to be the same in sence and original with Nice . But I am sure it is used in many other Counties , I believe all over the North-West part of England , and also in the midland , as in Warwick-shire . As for the Etymology of it , it is doubtless no other then the Ancient Saxon word Nesc , signifying soft , tender , delicate , effeminate , tame , gentle , mild . Hence our Nescook in the same sence , i. e. a tenderling , Sommer . Nearre , Lincoln . in use for neather . ab AS . Nerran , posterior . A Neive or Neiffe : a Fist . A Neckabout : any womans neck linnen . Sheffield . To Nigh a thing : to touch it . I did not nigh it : i. e. I came not nigh it . Nitle : Handy , neat , handsome . fort . ab AS . Nytlic , profitable , commodious . Nything : much valuing , sparing of , as Nithing of his pains : i. e. Sparing of his pains . A Noggin : a little Piggin holding about a pint , à Teut : Nossel . Nor : Then more Nor I , i. e. more then I. To Note : to push , strike or goar with the horn as a Bull or Ram. ab AS . Hnitan ejusdam signification . Lancash , Somner . O. O My ; mellow , spoken of Land. Oneder , v. Aunder . Orndorn : Cumberland . Afternoons drinking . To Osse : to Offer to doe , to aim at or intend to doe , ossing comes to bossing . Prov. Chesh . I did not osse to meddle with it . i. e. I did not dare , &c. fortè ab Audeo , Ausus . An Ox-boose : an Ox-stall , or Cow-stall where they stand all night in the Winter , ab AS . Bosih , Praesepe , a stall . An Oxter : an Armpit , Axilla . P. PArtlets ; Ruffes or Bands for women . Chesh . Vetus vox ( inquit Skinnerus ) pro Sudario , praesertim quod cirea collum gestatur . Minshew dictum putat quasi Portelet , quod circumfertur , vel , ut melius divinat Cowel , à verbo to part , quia facile separatur à corpore , Skinner . A Mad Pash ; a mad-brain . Chesh . Peale the pot ; cool the pot . Peed : Blind of one eye : He pees : He looks with one eye . Peevish : Witty , subtill . A Penbauk : a Beggers can . A Piggin ; a little pail or tub with an erect handle . It 's Pine q. pein to tell ; it is difficult to tell , ab AS . Pin. A Pingle ; a small croft or Picle . A Pleck ; a Place York-sh . Lanc. ab AS . Plaece , a street , a Place . Poops ; Gulps in drinking . To Pote the clothes off ; to kick all off ; to push or put out , from the French Pousser or Poser , pulsare , or ponere , to put . Prattily ; sof●ly . Prich : Thin drink . A Princock : a pert , forward fellow . Minshew deflectit a Praecox , q. d. Adolescens praecocis ingenij : quod licet non absurdum sit , tamen quia sono minus discrepat , puto potius dictum quasi jam primum Gallus , quia sci , non ita pridem pubertatem attigit , & recens Veneris stimulos percepit , Skinner . R. To RAck or Reck : to care , never Rack you ; i. e. Take you no thought or care . From the Ancient Saxon word Recc , care , and Reccan to care for . Chaucer hath recketh , for careth . Hence Retchless and Retchlessness , for Careless and Carelessness ; as in the Saxon. Radlings ; Windings of the wall . To Rame ; to Reach ; perchance from Rome . To Reem ; to Cry : Lancashire , ab AS . Hraeman , Plorare , clamare , ejulare , to weep with crying and bewayling , Hream , ejulatus . To Rejumble : Lincoln . as it rejumbles upon my stomack Fr. G. I l regimbe sur mon estomac , i. e. calcitrat . Sic autem dicimus ubi cibus in ventriculo fluctuat & nauseam parit . Verb , aut Fr. G. à Praep. Re , & Fr. G. Jambe , It. Gamba ortum ducit . Skinner . To Remble : Lincoln . to move or remove , q. d. Remobiliare , a Reward or good Reward ; a good colour or ruddiness in the face , used about Sheffield in Yorksh . To Rine : to touch : ab AS . Hrinan , to touch or feel . To Ripple flax : to wipe off the seed-vessels . A Roop : a Hoarsness . To Rowt or Rawt : to lowe like an Ox or Cow. The old Saxon word Hrutan , signifies to snort , snore or rout in sleeping . A Runge : a Flasket . Runnel : Pollard wood , from running up apace . He Rutes it : Chesh . spoken of a Child , he cries fiercely , i. e. He rowts it , he bellows . Rynt ye : By your leave , stand handsomly . As Rynt you witch , quoth Besse Locket to her Mother , Proverb , Chesh . S. SAckless : innocent , faultless , without crime or accusation ; a pure Saxon word , from the noun Sac , Saca , a Cause , strife , suit , quarrel , &c. and the Praeposition l●as , without . Saur-pool : a stinking puddle . Scarre : the cliff of a Rock , or a naked Rock on the dry land , from the Saxon Carre , cautes . This word gave denomination to the Town of Scarborough . Sean : Lincoln . A kind of net , Proculdubio contract . a Latine & Gr. Sagena , Skinner . Sell : self . Selt : Chesh . Chance it 's but a selt whether , it is but a chance whether . Senfy : Not. sign , likyhood , appearance . Sensine : Cumb. since then , Var. Dial. A Shafman , Shafmet , or Shaftment , the measure of the fist with the thumb set up , ab As. Scaeft mund , Semipes . Shan : Lincoln . Shamefacedness , ab As. Scande , confusio , verecundia ; item abominatio , ignominia . To Shear corn : to reap corn . No Shed : No difference between things , to shead Lanc. to distinguish , ab As. Sceadan to distinguish , disjoyn , divide or sever . Belgis Scheyden , Scheeden . Shed : Riners with a Whaver : Chesh . Winning any cast that was very good , i. e. strike off one that touches , &c. v. Ryne . A Shippen : a Cow-house ab As. Scypeme , Stabulum , Bovile , stable , an Ox-stall . A Shirt-band : Yorksh . a Band. Sib'd : a kin , no sole sib'd , nothing akin : No more sib'd then sieve and riddle , that grew both in a wood together . Prov. Chesh . Syb or Sybbe is an ancient Saxon word signifying Kindred , alliance , affinity . Sickerly : surely , à Lat. Secure . Side : Long. My Coat is very side , i. e. very long : item Proud , steep , from the Saxon Side , sid , or the Danish side signifying long . A Sike : a little Rivulet , ab As. Sich , Sulcus , a furrow , vel potius sulcus , aquarius , Lacuna , lira , stria , elix , a Waterfurrow , a Gutter , Somner . To Sile down : Lincoln . to fall to the bottom , or subside : fort , ab As. Syl , Basis , limen , q. d. ad fundum delabi , Skinner . Skathe : Loss harm , wrong , prejudice , one doth the skath , and another hath the scorn . Prov , ab As. Scaedan , Sceadhian , Belg. Schaeden , Teut. Schaden , Dan. Skader , nocere . A Skeel : a Collock . Slape-ale : Lincoln . Plain ale as opposed to Ale medicated with Wormwood or Scurvy-grass , or mixed with any other liquor : forte an licet sensus non parum variet ab alt . Slape quod agro Lincoln . lubricum & mollem significat , i. e. smooth ale , hoc à verbo to slip , Skinner . To Slat on , to Leck on , to cast on , or dash against . Vox 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . To Sleak out the tongue , to put it out by way of scorn , Chesh . Sleck : Small Pit-coal . To Sleck , i. e. slack , to quench or put out the fire , v. g. or ones thirst . To Sleech : to dip or take up water . To Slete a dog , is to set him at any thing , as swine , sheep , &c. Slim : Lincoln . à Belg. slim , Teut. Schlim , vilis , perversus , pravus , dolosus , obliquus , distortus , Skinner . To Slive , Lincoln . à Dan. Slaever . Serpo , Teut. Schleiffen , humi trahere : hinc & Lincoln . a sliverly fellow , Vir subdolus , vafer , dissimulator , veterator . The Slote of a ladder or gate ; the flat step or bar . To Slot a door , Lincoln . i. e , to shut it , a Belg. sluyten . Teut. schiiessen , claudere , occludere , obserare , Belg. slot , vera , claustrum , ferreum To Smartle away , to wast away . To Smittle : to infect , from the old Saxon smittan and Dutch smetten , to spot or infect , whence our word smut . Smopple : Pie-crust , i. e. short and fat . A Snever-spawt : a slender stripling . Snock the door , latch the door . The sneck or snecket of a door ( according to Skinner ) is the string which draws up the latch to open the door : nescio an à Belg. snappen , Corripere , quia sci . cum janua aperienda est , semper arripiter . To Snee or snie , to abound or swarm . He snies with Lice , he swarms with them . To Snite , to wipe . Snite your nose , i. e. wipe your nose , à schneutzen , Belg. snutten , snotten , Nares emungere , Dan. snyder emungo , à Snot . A Snithe wind : Vox elegantissima , agro Lincoln . usitatissima , significat autem ventum valdè frigidum & penetrabilem , ab As. snidan , Belg. sneiden ; Teut. schneiden , scindere , ut nos dicimus , a cutting wind , Skinner . To Soil milk , to cleanse it , potius to sile it , to cause it to subside , to strain it , v. sile . Sool or sowle , any thing eaten with bread . To Sowl one by the ears , Lincoln . i. e. Aures summa vi vellere ; credo a sow , i. e. Aures arripere & vellere , ut suibus canes solent , Skinner . Soon : the Evening ; A soon , at Even . A Spackt : lad or wench : Apt to learn , ingenious , A Spancel : a rope to tie a Cows hinder legs . To Spane a Child , to wean it . To Sparre or speir or spurre ; to ask , enquire , cry at the Market , ab As. spyrian , to search out by the track or trace , to enquire or make diligent search . To Spar the door , to bolt , bar , pin or shut it , ab AS . Sparran , Obdere , claudere . This word is also used in Norfolk , where they say spar the door an emis he come , i. e. shut the door lest he come in . The Speer : Chesh . the Chimney post . Rear'd against the speer . A Spell or speal , a Splinter . Spice : Raisins , plums , figs and such like fruit . York-sh . Spice a species . A Stang : a wooden bar ; ab As. staeng , sudes , vectis Teut. stang , pertica , contus , sparus , vectis . Datur & Camb. Br. Ystang Pertica , sed nostro fonte haustum . This word is still used in some Colleges in the University of Cambridge ; to stang Scholars in Christmas , being to cause them to ride on a colt-staff or pole , for missing of Chappel . A Start : a long handle of any thing , a tail , as it signifies in low Dutch , so a Redstart is a Bird with a red tail . Stark : stiff , weary , ab As. sterc , strace , Rigidus , durus , Belg. & Dan. sterck , Teut. starck , validus , robustus , firmus , v. Skinner . Staw'd : set , from the Saxon Stow , a place , originally from statio and statuo . A Stee : a ladder , in the Saxon stegher is a stair , gradus scalae , perchance from stee . To Steak or steke the dure ; to shut the door , à Teut & Belg. stecken , steken , to thrust , or put , to stake . To Steem : to bespeak a thing . To Stein or steven ; idem . A Stife quean ; a lusty quean ; stife in the old Saxon is obstinate , stiff , inflexible . Stithe : strong , stiff , ab As. stidh , stiff , hard , severe , violent , great , strong , stithe Cheese , i. e. strong cheese . A Stithy : an Anvil , à praedict . As stidh , rigidus , durus . Quid enim in cude durius ? A Stot : a young bullock or steer , a young horse in Chaucer : ab As. stod or steda , a stallion , also a War horse , a steed . A Stound q. Stand ; an Wooden Vessel to put small beer in . A Stowk q. stalk ; the handle of a pail , also a shock of twelve sheaves . A Stowre : a round of a ladder : a hedgestake . A Strike of Corn , a bushel , four pecks , à Teut. Kornstreiche , Hostorium , vel radius ; slreichen , Hostorio mensuram radere , coaequare , complanare . Strunt : the tail or rump , ab As , steort , stert , Belg. stert , steert , Teut , stertz , cauda : vel a Belg. stront , Fr. G. Estron , It. stronzo stercus , per Metonym . adjuncti , Skinner . 3. Stunt : Lincoln . stubborn , fierce , angry ; ab As stunta stunt , stultus , fatuus , fortè quia stulti praeferoces sunt ; vel à verbo to stand ; ut Resty a restando , Metaphorâ ab equâs contumacibus sumpta , Skinner . 1. A Strom : the instrument to keep the malt in the Fat. 2. Strushins : Orts , from destruction I suppose . Sturk : a young bullock or heaifer , ab As. styrk , Buculus — a. Swale ; windy , cold , bleak . To Swale or sweal : to singe or burn , to waste or blaze away , ab As. swaelan , to kindle , to set on fire , to burn . A Swarth : Cumb : the Ghost of a dying man , fort . ab As , sweart . Black , dark , pale , wan . Swathe ; Calm : Sweamish ; i. e. squeamish , used for modest . To Sweb : to swoon . A Swill : a keeler to wash in , standing on three feet . To Swilker ore : to dash over . Vox 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . A Swinhull or swine-crue : a Hogs-stye . Swipper : nimble , quick , ab As. swippre , crafty , subtle , cunning , sly , wily . T. The TAb of a shooe ; the Latchet of a shooe . A Tabern : a Cellar , à Lat. Taberna . A Tarn ; a lake or Meer-pool , a usual word in the North. To Tast : i. e. to smell in the North : indeed there is a very great affinity between these two senses . To Tave : Lincoln . to Rage , à Belg. Tobben , Toppen , Daven , Teut. Toven , Furere . To Tawm : to swoon . To Teem or team : to poure out , to lade out of one vessel into another . Credo à Danico Tommer , Haurio , exhaurio , vacuo , tommer a ▪ oritur à Tom vacuus , v. Skinner . Teamful : Brim-ful , having as much as can be teemed in , in the ancient Saxon it signifies fruitful , abundant , plentiful , from Toam , Soboles , faetus and full . Teen ; Angry , ab As. Tynan , to provoke , stir , anger or enrage . Good or fow teen , Chesh . Good or foul taking . A Temse : a fine sierce , a small sieve , Belg. Teems , Tems , Fr. G. Tamis , It. Tamisio , Tamiso , cribrum ; whence comes our Temse bread . To Tent ; to tend or look to . Var Dial. Chesh . I 'll tent the , quoth Wood. If I cannot rule my daughter I 'll rule my good . Prov. Chesh . Tharm ; Lincoln . Guts prepared , cleansed and blown up for to receive puddings : ab AS . Dearm . Belg. Darm , Derm , Teut. Darm , Dearm , simpl . intestinum . Thew'd ; Towardly . To Thirl ; to bore a hole , Lincoln . ab AS . Dhyrl , Dhyrel , foramen . Dhirlian , Belg. Drille● , Perforare . Skinner . A Thible or Thivel ; a Stick to stirre a Pot. To Thole ; D●rb . to brook or endure ; Thole a while , i. e. stay a while . Chaucer hath Tholed , for suffered , ab As. Tholian , ejusdem signification . Thone , thong ; meâ sententiâ q. thawn ; Damp , moist . Skinner à Teut. Tuncken , macerare , intingere , deducit . A Thrave ; a shock of corn containing 24. sheaves . ab As. Threaf , manipulus , a Handful , a bundle , a Bottle . To Thrave ; Lincoln . to Vrge , ab As. Thravian , Urgere . To Threap , Threapen ; to blame , rebuke , reprove , chide : ab As. Threapan , Threapian ejusdem signification . to Threap kindness upon one is used in another sence . I 'll Thrippa thee ; Chesh . I 'll beat or cudgel thee . Thrutch for thrust , Chesh . Maxfield measure . Heap and thrutch . Prov. To Throw ; to Turn as Turners doe ; ab As. Thrawan , quae inter alia to wheel , turn or wind , significat . To Thropple : to Throttle or strangle , Var Dial. York-sh . The Thropple ; the Wind-pipe , York-sh . Dial. To Thwite , to whittle , cut , make white by cutting . He hath thwitten a mill-post into a pudding-prick , Prov. Tider or Tidder or Titter , soon , quickly , sooner . To Tine , to shut , fence . Tine the door ! shut the door . ab As. Tynan , to enclose , fence , hedge or teen . Too too Used absolutely for very well or good . Toom or Tume , Empty , a toom purse makes a bleit , [ i. e. bashfull ] Merchant . Prov. manifeste à Danico Tom , vacuus , inanis . To Toorcan ; to wonder or muse what one means to doe . A Towgher ; a Dower or Dowry , Dial. Cumb. Treenware ; Earthen vessels . To Twitter ; to tremble , à Teut. Tittern , Tremere , utrumque à sono fictum . This is a word of General use . My heart Twitters . A Tye-top , a Garland . U. U - Bach , U-block , &c. v. Yu-bach , &c. Vmstrid ; astride , astridlands . Vinerous ; Hard to please . VV. A VVAlker ; a Fuller ; a Walk-mill ; a Fulling-mill ; à Belg. Walcker Fullo ; hoc à verb. Belg. Walcken , It. Gualcare , Pannos premere , calcare . Teut. Walcken , pannum polire , Omnia credo à Lat Calcare , Skinner . To Walt ; to totter or lean one way , to overthrow , from the old Saxon Waeltan , to tumble or rowl , or rather from the Saxon Wealtian , to Reel or stagger . The Wang-tooth ; the Jaw-tooth , ab As. Wang , Wong , mandibula . Wone todh seu potius Wong-todh , Dens caninus . Wankle ; Limber , flaccid , ticklish , fickle , wavering . A Want ; a mole , ab As. Wand . Talpa . War ; Worse ; war and war : worse and worse , Var Dial. To Warch or wark ; to ake , to work ; ab As. Wark , Dolor . Vtrumque à work . To Wary ; Lancash . to curse , ab As. Warian , Werigan , Execrari , Diris devovere . To wary , i. e. Lay an Egge . To Ware ones Money ; to bestow it well , to lay it out in ware . Warisht ; That hath conquered any disease or difficulty and is secure against the future ; also well stored or furnished . A Warth ; a Water-ford , I find that Warth in the old Saxon signifies the shore . Way-bread ; Plantain ; ab As. Waegbraede , so called because growing every where in streets and wayes . 2 To Weat the head ; to look it . v. g. for lice . 1 To Wear the pot ; to cool it . Wea-worth you , Woe betide you . Wee l , Lanca . a whirlpool , ab As. Wael , vortex aquarum . Weet or Wite ; Nimble , swift . Weir or Waar ; Northumb. Sea-wrack , Alga marina , from the old Saxon Waar , alga marina , Fucus marinus . The Thanet me● ( saith Somner ) call it wore or woore . Wellaneer ; alas . To Wend ; to goe . Westy ; Dizzy , giddy . Wharre ▪ Crabs , as sowre as wharre , Chesh Wheam or Wheem : near , close , so as n● wind can enter it : also very handsome an● convenient for one : as , It lies wheem for me Chesh . ab As. Gecweme , grateful , acceptable pleasant , fit . Wheamow : Nimble , I am very wheamow quoth the old woman when she stept into the milk-bowl , Prov. A Wheen-Cat : a Queen-Cat : Catus faemina . That Queen was used by the Saxons to signifie the Female sex appears in that QVEEN Fugol was used for a Henfowle . A Wheint lad q. queint : a fine lad : ironice dictum . Chesh . Var. Dial. Whirkened : Choaked , strangled . A Whisket : a Basket a skuttle or shallow Ped. To White : to Requite : as God white you : God requite you , Chesh . Var. Dial. white pro. quite , quite per aphaeresin pro requite . To White : to Blame : You lean all the white off your sell , i. e. You remove all the blame from your self . v. Wite . To Wite ; to blame , ab As. Paena , mulcta , supplicium . Chaucer useth the word for blame . To Whoave ; Chesh . to cover or whelm over . We will not kill but whoave . Prov. Chesh . ab As. Hwolf , Hwalf , a covering or canopy ; Verb. Hwalfian camerare , fornicare . A Who Whiskin ; a whole great drinking pot . Who being the Cheshire Dialect for whole , and a Whiskin signifying a Black-Pot . Whook't every joynt ; Shook every joynt , Chesh . A Wiegh , or Waagh ; a Leaver , a wedge , ab As. Waege , Pondus , massa , libra . Willern Peevish , willful , à Saxon , Willer , willing . A Wilk or Whilk ; a Periwinkle or Sea-snail , ab As. Wealk , cochlea marina , Limax marinus : Higgin . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Turbo , cochlea marina , quâ olim ad buccinandum utebantur . Hoc à verbo Wealcan volvere , revolvere , quia sci . ejus testa in orbem , spirae in modum contorquetur , Skinner . A Wind-berry ; a Bill-berry , or Whortle-berry . A Wisket , v. Whisket . Winly , Quietly . Woat . — A Wogh ; a Wall Lanc. ab As. Wag , Paries , elsewhere in the North Wogh is used for wooll , by a change of the Dialect . To Wonne or Wun : to Dwell : as where won you ? where dwell you ? ab As. Wunian , Gewunian , Habitare , manere , Belg. Woonen , Teut. Wonen , Wohnen : habitare , morari . Haec ab As. Wunian , Gewunian . Assuescere , q. d. Ubi soles aut frequentas . Wood-wants : Holes in a post or piece of timber , q. d. Places wanting wood . Worch-bracco , Chesh . i. e. Work-brittle , very diligent , earnes● or intent upon ones work . Var. Dial. To be Worried : to be choak't . Worran in the ancient Saxon signifies to destroy . To Wyte , i. e. blame , v. Wite . Y. Y Are : Coveteous , Desirous , à Teut. Geaher , Geah , Fervidus , promptus , praeceps , impatiens . Geahe Praecipitia , Jearen , Fervere , effervescere : vel parum deflexo sensu ab As. Gearo , Gearre , Chaucero etiam Yare , Paratus , promptus , &c. v. Skinner cui prae reliquis omnibus arridet Etymon , ab As. Georn , studiosus . sedulus , diligens , intentus . The Yeender or Eender : the Forenoon , Derbysh . A Yate : a Gate . Yeander : Yonder , Var. Dial. Yewd or Yod : Went , Yewing : Going , ab As. Eode ; ivit , iter fecit , concessit , he went. Chaucero Yed , Yeden , Yode eodem sensu . Spencer also in his Fairie Queen , lib. 1. c. 10. He that the blood-red billowes like a wall , On either side Disparted with his rod. Till all his Army dry-foot through them Yod , Speaking of Moses . Yu-batch : Christmas batch . Yu-block or Yule-block : Christmas block . Yu-gams or Yule-gams ; Christmas games : ab As. G●hul : Dan. Jule-dag natalis Christi : Hoc forte à Latino . Hebraeo Jubilum , Skinner . Yuck : Linc. à Belg. Jeucken , Joocken , Teut. Jeucken , prurire : Jucken , Fricare , Scabere . SOUTH and EAST Countrey WORDS . A. A ALp or Nope : a Bulfinch . I first took notice of this word in Suffolk , but find since that it is used in other Countries , almost generally all over England . An Amper : a fault or flaw in linnen or woollen cloath , Suss . Skinner makes it to be a word much used by the common or Countrey-people in Essex to signifie a tumor , rising or pustule , vel ab As. Ampre , Ompre , varix : vel à Teut. Empor , sursum , empor heben , emporen , elevare , q. d. cutis elevatio . Anewst : nigh , almost , near hand , about , circiter . Suss . and other places of the West , ab As. On-neaweste , propé , juxta , secus , near high : à Praep. On , and neaweste vicinia . Arders : Fallowings or plowings of ground . Atter : matter , Pus , sanies : à Teut. & Belg. Eyter ejusdem significati , vel ab ejus parente , As. Ater , virus . Auk and aukward , untoward , unhandy , ineptus , ab As. Aewerd , perversus , aversus ; hoc ab Ae Praep. loquelari negativa privativa & Weard versus , quasi dicas , qui ad nullam rem vel artem a natura comparatus est ; i● atâ Minerva natus . Huic autem Aukward omnino tum sensu tum Etymo opponitur Toward . B. A BArth : a warm place or pasture for calves or lambs . A Barken or ( as they use it in Sussex ) Barton : a yard of a house , a backside , vel a verbo , to Barre , vel à Germ. Bergen , Abscondere , As. Beorgan munire q. d. Locus clausus , respectu sci . agrorum . Baven : Brush faggots , with the brush-wood at length , or in general brush-wood . Nes●io an q. d. Feuine Gallicè à Feu , focus . Vir Rev. deflectii a Belg. Bauwen , Teut. Bawen , Aedificare , cum fiat ex reliquiis arborum pro aedificiis succisarum , Skinner . Utrumque Etymon me judice ineptum . Bain : Lithe , limber-joynted , that can bend easily , Suffolk . Behither : On this side , it answers to beyound , Suss . A Bishop : The little spotted beetle commonly called the Lady cow , or Lady-bird . I have heard this insect in other places called a Golden-Knop ; and doubtless in other Countreys it hath other names . A Bigge ; a Pappe or teat , Ess . A Billard : a Bastard capon , Suss . The Bird of the eye , the sight or Pupill , Suff. Blighted corn , blasted corn , Suss . Blight eidem quod milldew , i. e. mel roscidum , vel roscida quaedam melligo quae fruges corrumpit : nescio an à Teut Bleych , pallidus , à colore scilicet , Skinner . A Bostal : a way up a hill , Suss . Bouds : i. e. Weevils , an insect breeding in malt , Norf. Suff. Bown : i. e. swelled , Norf. Brank : Buck-wheat : Ess . Suff. in some Countries of England they call it crap . A Break : i. e. Land plowed the first year after it hath lain fallow in the sheep-walks , Norf. To Bricken : to bridle up the head . A Rustick word corrupted from bridle . A Sow goes to Brimme : i. e. to Boar. Brime it hither , i , e. bring it hither , Suff. Var. dial . To Brite : spoken of hops when they be over-ripe , and shatter . To Brutte : to Browse Suss . Dial. The Buck : the breast Suss . it is used for the body or the trunck of the body ; in Dutch and old Saxon it signifies the belly , the buck of a cart , i. e. the body of a cart . Buck some : Blithe , jolly , frolick , chearly , some write it Buxome ; ab As. Bocsum , Obediens , tractabilis , hoc à verbo Bugan flectere , q. d. flexibilis : quod eo confirmatur , quod apud Chaucerum Buxumness exponitur lowliness , Skinner . A Bud : a weaned calf of the first year , Suss . because the horns are then in the bud . Bullimong : Oates , Pease , and Vetches mixed , Ess . C. A CAddow : a Jack-daw , Norf. in Cornwal they call the Guilliam a Kiddaw . Carpet-way : i. e. Green-way . A Carre : a wood of alder or other trees in a moist boggy place . Catch-land : Land which is not certainly known to what Parish it belongeth ; and the Minister that first gets the tithes of it enjoys it for that year ; Norf. A Chavish : a chatting or pratling noise among a great many , Suss . A Chizzell : bran ; à Teut. Kiesell , Siliqua , Gluma . Suss . Kent . The Church-litten : the Church-yard . Suss . Wilt. fort . ab As. Laedan , Teut. Leyten , ducere , q. d. via ducens ad templum , Skinner . A Chuck : a great Chip , Suss . in other Countrys they call it a chunk . Cledgy : i. e. stiff . Kent . Clever : Neat , smooth , cleanly wrought , dextrous , à Fr. G. Leger , cleaverly , q. d. Legerly , Skinner . A Cobweb morning : i. e. a Misty morning , Norf. A Combe : Devon. Corn. ab As. Comb , Comp. a C. Br. eoque antiquo Gallico Kum , Cwmm , unde defluxit Gallicum recens Combe , Vallis utrinque collibus obsita , Skinner . A Coomb or Coumb of Corn : Half a Quarter , à Fr. G. Comble utr . à Lat. Cumulus . A Cob-iron : an Andiron , Ess . To Cope : i. e. To chop or exchange , used by the Coasters of Norfol. Suffol . &c. A Cosset lambe or colt , &c. i. e. a cade lamb , a lamb or colt brought up by the hand , Norf. Suff. A Cottrel ; Cornw. Devonsh . a trammel to hang the Pot on over the fire . A Cove : a little harbour for boats , West Countrey . To Coure : to ruck down , ut mulieres solen● ad mingendum , ab . It Covare : Fr. G. Couver , incubare , hoc à Lat. cubare . A Cowl : a Tub , Ess . Crank : Brisk , merry , jocund , Ess . Sanus , integer : Sunt qui derivant à Belg. & Teut. Kranck , quod prorsus contrarium scraegrum significat . Ab istis autem antiphrasibus totus abhorreo . Mallem igitur deducere ab Vn vel Onkranck , non aeger , omissa per injuriam temporis initiali syllabâ , Skinner . Crap : Darnel , Suss . in Worcestershire and other Countreys they call Buck-wheat Crap . A Crock : a Earthen pot to put butter or the like in , ab As. Crocca , Teut. Krug , Belg. Krogh , Kroegh , C. Br. Crochan , Dan. Kruck , Olla fictilis , vas fictile , Urceus , Skinner . To Crock : Ess . to black one with soot or black of a pot or kettle or chimney-stock , this black or soot is also substantively called , Crock Crones : old Ewes . A Cratch or Critch : a Rack . ni fallor à Lat. Cratica , Craticula , Crates . Crawly mawly : indifferently well , Norfolk . A Culver : a Pigeon or Dove , ab As. Culfer , Columba . D. It DAres me : it pains or grieves me . Ess . ab As. Dare , signifying hurt , harm , loss . A Dilling : a Darling or best-beloved child . A Dibble : an instrument to make holes in the ground with for setting beans , pease or the like . Dish-meat : Spoon-meat . Kent . To Ding : to sling , Ess . in the North it signifies to beate . A Dodman : a shell-snail or Hodmandod , Norf. A Doke : a deep Dint or furrow , Ess . Suff. A Dool : a long narrow green in a plowed field with plowed Land on each side it : a broad balk . forte à Dale , a valley because when the standing corn growes on both side it , it appears like a valley . E. ELlinge : Solitary , lonely , melancholy , farre from neighbours : q. elongatus . Suss . a Gallico Esloigner . Ellende in the Ancient Saxon signifies procul , farre off , farre from . Ernful : i. e. Lamentable . Ersh : The same that Edish , the stubble after the corn is cut , Suss . Edisc is an old Saxon word signifying sometimes Roughings , Aftermathes . F. FAiry-sparks or Shel-fire : Kent . often seen on clothes in the night . Feabes or Feaberries : Goose-berries Suff. Thebes in Norf. Fenny : i. e. Mouldy : Fenny cheese mouldy cheese , Kent . ab As. Fennig , mucidus . Fimble Hemp : Early ripe Hemp. Flags : The Surface of the earth which they pare off to burn : the upper turfe , Norf. Foison : or Fizon : The natural juice or moisture of the Grass or other herbs . The heart and strength of it , Suff. a Gallico Foissonner : abundare , vel forte , à Teut. Feist , pinguis . Footing time , Norf. is the same with up-setting time in Yorksh . when the Puerpera gets up . A Fostal : forte . Forestal : A way leading from the high way to a great House , Suss . A Frower : an Edge-tool used in cleaving lath . To Trase : to break , Norf. it is likely from the Latine word frangere . Frobly mobly : indifferently well . G. To GAster : to scare or affright suddenly . Gastred , Perterre factus : ab As. Gast , Spiritus , Umbra , Spectrum , q. d. Spectri alicujus visu territus , vel q. d. Gastrid vel ridden , i. e. à spectro aliquo vel Ephialte invasus & quasi inequitatus , Skinner . It is a word of common use in Essex . A Gattle head : Cambr. a forgetful person : ab As. Ofer-geotol obliviousus , immemor . Geazon : Scarce , hard to come by , Ess . A Gill : a Rivulet , a beck , Suss . A Goffe : a Mow of Hay or Corn. Essex . Gods good : Yeast , Barm . Kent , Norf. Suff. To Goyster : to be frolick and ramp , to laugh aloud , Suss . Gowts , Somersets . Canales , cloacae , seu sentinae subterraneae , procu●dubio à Fr. G. Gouttes , gutae , & inde verb. Esgouter , guttatim transfluere . Omnia manifestè a Lat. Gutta , Skinner . A Gratton : an Ersh or Eddish . Suss . stubble , Kent . H. A HAgester : a Magpie , Kent . A Hale : Suff. i. e. a trammel in the Essex dialect , v. Tramel . A Haw : Kent . a close : ab As. Haga seu Haeg , Agellulus seu Cors juxta domum , thoc ab As. Hegian sepire . To Heal : to Cover , Suss . as to heal the fire , to heal a house : to heal a person in bed , i. e. to cover them , ab As. Helan , to hide , cover or heal , hence in the West he that covers a House with slates is called a Healer or Hellier . Haulm or Helm : stubble gathered after the corn is inned : ab As. Healm , Hielm , Stipula , Culmus . Omnia à Lat. Calamus ve● culmus . Hogs ; Young sheep , Northamptonshire . Hoddy : Well pleasant , in good tune or humour . A How : pronounced as mow and throw : a narrow iron rake without teeth , to cleanse Gardens from weeds , Rastrum Gallicum . A Hornicle : a Hornet , Suss . Dial. To Hotagoe : to move nimbly , spoken of the tongue , Suss . You hotagoe your tongue . A Holt : a Wood , an Ancient Saxon word . Hover ground : i. e. light ground . I. THe Door stands a Jarre : i. e. The Door stands half open , Norf. A Jugglemear : a Quagmire , Devonshire . An Ice-bone : i. e. a Rump of Beef , Norf. K. KEdge ; Brisk , Budge , Lively . Suffolk . A Keeve : Devon. a Fat wherein they work their beer up before they tun it . Kelter or Kilter ; Frame , order , Proculdubio ( inquit Skinnerus ) à Dan. Opkilter succingo , Kilter , cingo ; vel forte à voce cultura . Non absurde etiam deflecti posset à Teut. Kelter , torcular , Skinnerus quem adisis . The Kerfe ; the furrow made by the saw , Suss . A Kerle of veal , mutton , &c. a Loin of those meats . Devon. Knolles ; Turneps , Kent . L. A LAwn in a Park : Plain untilled ground . A Leap or Lib ; Suss . Half a bushel : in Essex a Seed-Leap or Lib is a vessel or basket to carry corn in , on the arm to sow . ab As. Saed-leap , a Seed-basket . To Lease and Leasing ; to glean and gleaning , spoken of corn Suss . Kent . Lee or Lew : Calm , under the wind . Suss . A Lift : i. e. a Stile that may be opened like a gate , Norf. Litten : v. Church-litten . Lie-tune Saxonicè coemiterium . Lizen'd corn q. Lessened , i. e. lank or shrank corn , Suss . 2. Lourdy , Sluggish , Suss . From the French Lourd , focors , ignavus , Lourdant , Lourdin Bardus . 1. Long it hither : Reach it hither , Suffolk . A Lynchett : a green balk to divide lands . M. A MAd ; an Earth worm , Ess . from the High Dutch Maden . Mazzards : Black Cherries . West Countrey . A Meag or Meak ; a Pease-hook , Ess . Mere : i. e. Lynchet . Misagaft : Mistaken , misgiven , Suss . Mittens : Gloves made of linnen or woollen , whether knit or stitched : sometimes also they call so gloves made of leather without fingers . A Mixon ; Dung laid on a heap or bed to rot and ripen , Suss . Kent . I find that this word is of general use all over England . ab As. Mixen , Sterquilinium : utr . à Meox , fimus : hoc forte a misceo & miscela : quia est miscela omnium alimentorum . A Modher or Modder , Mothther ; a girle or young wench : used all over the Eastern part of England , v. g. Essex , Suff. Norf. Cambr. From the ancient Danish word More , quomodo ( saith Sir. H. Spelman in Glossario ) a Danis oriundi Norfolcienses puellam hodie vocant , quod interea rident Angli caeteri , vocis nescientes probitatem . Cupio patrio meo suffragari idiomati . Intelligendum igitur est Norfolciam hanc nostram ( quae inter alios aliquot Angliae Comitatus in Danorum transyt ditionem , An. Dom. 876 ) Danis maxime habitatam fuisse , eorumque legibus , lingua atque moribus imbutum claras illi virgines & puellas ( ut Arctoae gentes aliae ) Moer appellabant . Inde quae canendo heroum laudes & poemata palmam retulere ( teste Olao Wormio ) Scaldmoer i. e. Virgines cantatrices quae in praelys gloriam ex fortitudine sunt adeptae Sciold Moer hoc est Scutiferas virgines nuncupârunt . Eodem nomine ipsa , Amazones . &c. En quantum in spreta jam voce antiquae gloriae . Sed corrumpi hanc fate or vulgari labio , quod Mother matrem significans etiam pro Moer h. e. puella pronunciat . M●ckson up to the buckson , Devon. Dirty up to the Knucles . The Mokes of a net ; the Mashes or Meishes , Suss . N. A NAil of beef , v. g. Suss . i. e. the weight of eight pound . Newing : yeast or barm . Ess . Near now : just now , not long since Norf. To Not : and notted : i. e. polled , shorn . Essex . ab As. Hnot , ejusdem significati . O. OLd land : ground that hath layn untilled along time and is new plowed up . Suff. O●et : Fewel : q. d. Ellet , ab As. Aelan , Onaelan , accendere , Dan. Eld. Ignis . Oost or East : the same that Kiln or Kill , Somersetshire , and elsewhere in the West . Orewood : Quaedam Algae species quae Cornubiae agros merificè faecundat , sic dicta fortè , quod ut Aurum in colas locuplet et , & auro emi meretur . Est autem vox Cornubiae ferè propria . Sea-wrack , so called in Cornwal , where they manure their land with it . Ope lande : Ground plowed up every year , ground that is loose or open , Suff. P. A PAddock : a Frog . Ess . Minshew deflectit à Belg. Padde Bufo . A Paddock or Puddock is also alittle Park or enclosure . Pease-bolt : i. e. Pease-straw , Ess . Pipperidges : Barberries , Ess . Suff. To Ply ; spoken of a pot , kettle or other vessel ull of liquor , i. e. to boil : playing hot ; boylin Norfolk they pronounce it plaw . A Poud : a Boil or Ulcer , Suss . Puckets : nests of Caterpillars , Suss . Q. QVotted : Suss . Cloyed , glutted . R. RAthe : early , Suss . as Rathe in the morning . i. e. early in the morning . Rath-ripe fruit , i. e. early fruit , fructus praecoces , ab As. Radh , Radhe , cito . A Riddle : An oblong sort of sieve to separate the seed from the corn : ab As Hriddel , cribrum ; hoc a Hreddan , liberare , quia sc . c●ibrando partes puriores a crassioirbus liberentur . A Ripper : a Pedder , Dorser or Badger , Suss . To Rue : to sift Devonsh . S. SAy of it : i. e. tast of it , Suff. say for Assay per Aphaeresin , Assay from the French essayer , and the Italian assaggiare , to try , or prove , or attempt ; all from the Latine word sapio , which signifies also to taste . A Seame of corn of any sort : a Quarter , 8 bushels , Ess . ab As. seam ; a load , a burthen ; a Horse-load , it seems also to have signified the quantity of eight bussels , being often taken in that sense in Matth. Paris . Somner . A Seam of wood : an Horse-load , Suss . ejusdem originis . Seel or seal ; time or season . It is a fair feel for you to come at , i. e. a fair season or time ; spoken ironically to them that come late , Ess . ab As Sael . time . What Seel of day ? What time of day . To go Sew : i. e. to go dry , Suss . spoken of a cow . A Shaw : a wood that encompasses a close , Suss . ab As. scuwa umbra , a shadow . A Shawle : a shovel to winnow withall , Suss . videtur contractum à shovel . A Sheat : a young Hog , Suff. in Essex they call it a shote , both from shoot . Shie or shy , apt to startle and flee from you , or that keeps off and will not come near . It Schifo , à Belg. schouwen , schuwen , Teut. schewen , vitare , Skinner . Sheld : Flecked : party-coloured , Suff. inde Sheldrake & sheld fowle , Suss . To Shimper : to shimmer or shine , Suss . Dial. To Shun : to shove , Suss . Dial. Sibberidge : or sibbered : the Banes of Matrimony , Suff. ab As. syb , sybbe , Kinred , alliance , affinity . A Shuck : an husk or shell ; as Beanshucks , Bean-shells , per Anagramatismum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Husk forte . Sizzing : yeast or barm , Suss . from the sound Beer or Ale make in working , Sidy : surly , moody , Suss . Sile : filth . Simpson : Groundsell , senecio , Ess . Suff. Skaddle : scathie , Ravenous , mischievous , Suss . ab As. skade , harm , hurt , damage , mischief : or scaedan , laedere , nocere . Skrow : surly , dogged , used most adverbially , as to look shrow , i. e. to look sowrly , Suss . Skeeling : an Isle or bay of a barn , Suss . To Skid a wheel : Rotam sufflaminare , with an iron hook fastned to the Axis to keep it from turning round upon the descent of a steep hill , Kent . A Slappel : a piece , part , or portion , Suss . A Snagge : a snail , Suss . Dial. A Snur●e : a Pose or Cold in the head , Coryza , Suff. To Summerland a ground ; to lay it fallow a year , Suff. Soller or solar , an upper Chamber or loft , à Latino solarium . To Squat : to bruise or make flat by letting fall : activè , Suss . The Steale of any thing , i. e. manubrium the Handle , on Pediculus , the footstalk : à Belg. steel , stele . Teut. stiel Petiolus . A Seen or spene : a cows pappe , Kent . ab As. spana , mammae , ubera . A Stew : a pool to preserve fish for the table to be drawn and filled again at pleasure . A Stoly house , i. e. a clutter'd dirty house , Suff. A Strand : one of the twists of a line , be it of horse-hair or ought else , Suss . A Stound : a little while , Suff. q. a stand . The Strig : the footstalk of any fruit ; Petiolus , Suss . Stamwood : the roots of trees stubbed up , Suss . A Stuckling : an apple-pasty , Suss . Stusnet : a posnet or skillet , Suss . A Stull : a luncheon , a great piece of bread , cheese or other Victuals , Ess . A Stut : a Gnat : Somerset , ab As. stut , Culex . Stover : Fodder for cattel , as hay , straw or the like , Ess . from the French estouver fovere , according to Cowel . Spelman reduces it from the French estoffe materia , & estoffer , necessaria iuppeditare . To Sweale : to singe or burn , Suss . a sweal'd pig , a singed pig : ab As. swaelan , to kindle , to set on fire or burn . To Sworle : to snarle as a dog doth Suss . T. A TAgge : a sheep of the first year Suss . Temse-bread , i. e. sifted bread . Very Tarky ; very dark , Suff. A Theave : an Ewe of the first year , Ess . Tiching : Devon. Cornw. setting up turves that so they may be dryed by the Sun and fit to burn upon land . To Tine or tin a candle ; to light it : ab As. Tynam , accendere ; hinc Tinder . A Tovet or Tofet : Half a bushel : Kent . a nostro Two , As. Tu , Duo , & Fat mensuram unius pecci signante , a peck . A Trammel : an iron instrument hanging in the chimney , whereon to hang pots or kettles over the fire , Ess . Trewets or Truets : Pattens for Women , Suff. A Trip of sheep , i. e. a few sheep , Norf. A Trug : a tray for milk or the like , Suss . Dial. To Trull : to trundle ; per contractionem , Suss . V. To VAng : to answer for at the font as Godfather . He vangd to me at the Vant , Somerset . in Baptisterio pro me suscepit : ab As. Fengan , to receive , also to undertake , verso f in v pro more loci . Velling : Plowing up the turf or upper surface of the ground , to lay on heaps to burn . West-countrey . A Voor : a furrow , Suss . A Vollow : a Fallow , Suss . Generally in the West-Country they use v , instead of f. and z. instead of s. Vrith : Eththerings or windings of hedges , teneri rami Coryli , quibus inflexis sepes colligant & stabiliunt : ab As. Wrydhan , torquere , distorquere , contratorquere : Wridha , lorum , Wridelf , Fascia , quia sci . hi rami contorti instar lori & Fasciae sepes colligant , Skinner . W. VVAttles : made of split wood in fashion of gates , wherein they use to fold sheep , as elsewhere in hurples , Suss . ab As. watelas , crates , hurdles . A Wem : a small fault , hole , decay or blemish , especially in cloth , Ess . ab As. wem , a blot , spot or blemish . A Were or wair : a pond or pool of water , ab As. waer a fish-pond , a place or engine for catching and keeping of fish . A Whapple way , i. e. where a cart and horses cannot pass , but horses only . A Wheden : a simple person , west . Whicket for whacket : or quittee for quattee ; i. e. Quid pro quo , Kent . A Whittle : a doubled blanket , which Women wear over their shoulders in the West Country , as else where short cloaks , ab As. Hwitel , Sagum , Saga , l●na , a kind of garment , a cassock , an Irish mantle , &c. v. Somner . Widows bench : a share of the Husbands Estate which Widows in Sussex enjoy beside their joyntures . To Wimme : Suss . Dial. Woadmell : A bairy course stuff made of Island wool , and brought thence by our Sea-men to Norf. Suff. &c. Woodcock soil , Ground that hath a soil under the turf that looks of a Woodcock colour and is not good . Y. Y Are : nimble , sprightly , smart , Suffolk . A Yaspen or Yeepsen : in Essex signifies as much as can be taken up in both hands joy n'd together . Gouldman renders it vola seu manipulus , fortean a nostro . Grasping , elisa propter euphoniam litera canina r , and g , in y facillim● sanè & vulgatissima nostrae linguae mutatione transeunte : q. d. quantum quis vola comprehendere potest , Skinner . In Sussex for hasp , clasp , wasp , they pronounce hapse , clapse , wapse , &c. for neck nick , for throat throtte , for choak , chock . Set'n down , let'n stand , come again and fe●'n anon . C'have cat so much c'ham quit a quot , Devon. i. e. I ean eat no more , I have eat so much that I am cloyed . A CATALOGUE : OF ENGLISH BIRDS As well such as constantly abide and breed in England , as those that come and go at certain Seasons . Rapacious Diurnal Birds . AQuila : The Eagle ; What sort I cannot certainly determine . But that there have been several seen , and some bred in England I am well assured . Particularly Anno 1668. in the Woodlands near Derwent in the Peak of Derbyshire was found an Eagles nest , made of great sticks resting the one end upon the ledge of a Rock , the other upon two Birch trees ; above the sticks was a layer of rushes upon the Rushes a layer of Heath , and upon he Heath Rushes again ; upon which lay one young one and an addle Egge , and by them a lamb and a hare , and three heath-poults . The nest was about two yards square , and had no hollow in it : The young Eagle was as black as a Hobby , of the shape of a Gos-hawk , of almost the weight of a Goose , feathered down to the foot , and having a ring of white about the tail , an Pygargus Aldr. and it is said that there are Eagles build yearly on the Rocks of Snowdon in Carnarvanshire in Wales . The Sparrow-hawk : Accipiter fringillarius , Recentioribus , Nisus . The Bald Buzzard : Balbusardus Anglorum , Haliaetus , Aldrov . The common Buzzard : Buteo , Triorches . The Honey-Buzzard : Buteo apivorus . The Ringtail : Pygargus : the cock of this kind is called the Hen harrow . The Kite or Glead : Milvus . Milvus aeruginosus : Aldrov . I know not any English name of this Bird. The Hobby : Subbuteo . The Kestrell or Stannel ; in some places the Windover . Tinnunculus seu Cenchris Aldrov . The great Butcher-bird called in the Peak of Derbyshire Wirrangle . Lanius cinereus major . The lesser Butcher-bird , called in Yorkshire . Flusher Lanius tertius Aldrov . Turner calls this Bird the Shrike . The Cuckow : Cuculus . Rapacious nocturnal Birds . The Horn-Owl : Otus sive Noctua aurita . The common gray or Ivy-Owl . Strix Aldrov . The common Barn-Owl , or White Owl : Aluco minor Aldrov . The Churn-owl , Fern Owl or Goat sucker , Capr imulgus . The Crow-kind or Semirapacious Birds . The Raven : Corvus . The common Crow : Cornix . The Rook : Cornix frugilega . The Roiston Crow : Cornix cinerea frugilega . The Jacdaw : Monedula sive Lupus Aldrov . The Magpie or Pianet : Pica varia caudata . The Cornish Chough : Coracias , Pyrrhocorax . The Jay : Pica glandaria . The VVoodpecker-kind . The green Woodpecker or Woodspite : called by some Heyhoe . Picus viridis . The greater spotted Wood-pecker or Hickwall ; Picus varius major . The lesser spotted Wood-pecker or Witwal : Picus varius minor . The Wryneck : Jynx sive Torquilla . The Nut hatch : Picus cinereus . The Creeper or Ox-eye Creeper . Certhia . The Poultry kind . Genus gallinaceum The common Cock and Hen : Gallus gallin aceus & Gallina . The Pheasant : Phasianus . The common Partridge : Perdix cinerea . The Quail : Coturnix . The common Heath cock , Black game or Grous ; Tetrao sive Urogallus minor . The Redgame : Grygallus minor , an Longolii Gallina Betula ? Aldrov . The Bustard : Otis , Tarda avis Aldrov . The Pigeon-kind . The common Pigeon or house-Dove : Columba domestica , seu vulgaris . The Turtle-Dove : Turtur . The Ring-Dove or Queest : Palumbus torquatus . The Stock-dove or Wood-pigeon : Oenas sive Vinago . The Thrush-kind . The Missel-bird or Shrite ; Turdus viscivorus major . The Mavis , Song-thrush or Throstle ; Turdus viscivorus minor . These two are Birds of pafsage , that were never known to breed in England The Fieldfare : Turdus pilaris . The Redwing or Swine-pipe : Turdus Iliacus . The black-bird ; Merula vulgaris . The Ring Ouzell ; Merula torquata . The Water-ouzoll : Merula aquatica . The Stare or Sterling : Sturnus . Small Birds with slender Bills . The common Lark ; Alau da vulgaris . The Wood-lark . The Tit-lark : Alauda pratorum . The common House-swallow ; Hirundo domestica . Tbe Martin : Hirundo agrestis sive rustica Plin. The black Martin or Swift ; Hirundo apus . The Land-martin or Shore-bird : Hirundo riparia . The Hedge-sparrow : Curruca Eliotae . Pettichaps : Ficedula Septima Aldrov . Moucherolle : Bellonii forte . These two Birds have not any English names generally known ; neither can I certainly say that they are described . The Redstart : Ruticilla . The Robin-red-breast or Ruddock : Rubecula . The Nightingale . Luscinia , Philomela , Atricapilla : Aldrov . The Fallow-smich or Wheat-ear ; or White-tail ; Oenanthe sive Vitiflora Aldrov . Oenanthe alia , duabus maculis albis in singulis alis insignita . The Stone-smich or Stone-chatter ; an Muscicapa tertia Alarov ? The Goldfinch . Germanis dicta . avicula , quamvis cum Fringilis nihil habeat commune , in the mountains of the Peak of Derbyshire . The White-throat : an Spipola prima Aldrov ? The White Water-wagtail : Motacilla alba . The Yellow Water-wagtail : Motacilla flava . The copped Wren : Regulus cristatus . Regulus non cristatus Aldrov . an Asilus , an Luteola Turneri ? The Wren : Passer troglodytes . The great Titmouse : Parus major , seu Fringillago . The black-headed Titmouse ; Parus ater , Gesn . The Marsh Titmouse : Parus palustris ; The blew Titmouse : Parus caeruleus . Tbe long-tail'd Titmouse : Paru caudatus . Small Birds with thick and short Bills . The Haw-finch . Coccothraustes . The Green-finch : Chloris . The Bull-finch , Alpe or Nope : Rubicilla seu Pyrrhula Aldrov . The Shell-apple or Cross-bill : Loxia . The House-sparrow : Passer domesticus . The Chaffe-finch : Fringilla . The Bramble or brambling : or Mountain-finch : Fringilla montana . The Gold-finch : Carduelis , Acanthis . The common Linnet : Linaria vulgaris . The greater red-headed Linnet ; Linaria rubra major . The lesser red-headed Linnet : Linaria rubra minor . The Siskin : Spinus sive Ligurinus . Birds having a hard protuberancy in the upper chap. The Bunting : Emberiza alba , Gesn . The Yellow-hammer , or amber : Emberiza flava , Gesn . The Reed-sparrow : Passer arundinaceus . VVater Fovvl : Such as have their toes divided , and that only wade in the Water , or frequent watry places . The Greater kind . THe Crane : Grus . The common Heron or Heron-shaw : Ardea cinerea major . The Bittern : Ardea stellaris . The middle and lesser kind's . Such as have slender and very long bills : The Woodcock : Scolopax . The Snipe : Gallinago minor . The Gid or Jack-snipe : Gallinago minima . The Godwit or Stone-plover : an Fedoa Gesn . The Stone-Curlew : These Birds are like one to the other , and have bills longer then the Woodcock . The Curlew : Arquata , Numenius . The Sea-pie : Haematopus Bellonii . The Redshank : Such as have slender bills of a middle length . An Callidrys Bellonii ? Gallinula crythropus major , Gesn . — Tringa major . Sand-piper : Tringa minor . The Knot : Canuti avis ; Cinclus Bellonii . The Ruffe and Re eve : Avis pugnax Aldrov . The Sanderling or Curwillct ; so called about Pensans , it is about the bigness of the lesser Tringa or Sand-piper , and wants the back claw , by which note it may easily be known from all others of its kind . The S●int . To these I may add ( though he hath very short legs , and wades not . ) The King-fisher . Ispida . Such as have short Bills . The Lapwing : Capella sive Vanellus . The Green-plover : Pluvialis viridi . The Grey-plover : Pluvialis cinerea . The Sea-Lark : Charadrius sive Hiaticuia : This also wants the back claw . The Turn-stone : an Cinclus Turneri . This bird we observed on the coast of Cornwall : it is lesser then a Plover , and somewhat bigger then a Black-bird . Of such as Swim in the WATER . Such whose toes are divided , which I may call Fin-toed . Colymbus christatus : The crested Diver . The Didapper or Dob-chich : Colymbus minor . The common Weter-hen or More-hen : Gallinula chloropus . The Velvet Runner : Gallinula Serica . The Coot : Fulica Mr. Johnson of Brigna near Crota bridg York-sh . shew'd me a bird of the Coot kind scollop-toed not much bigged then a Black-bird . VVhole or VVeb-footed . Such as have all four toes webbed together . The Soland-Goose : Anser Bassanus . The Cormorant : Corvus aquaticus . The Shagge : Graculus palmipes . Such as want the Back-toe . The Pope , called in some places Puffins : Anas Arctica Clus . The Rasor-bill : Auk or Murre : Alka Hoieri & Womii . The Guilliam , Cuillem or Kiddaw : Lomwia insula● Ferrae : Such as have slender bills sharp-pointed . The greatest Diver : Colymbus maximus , an Lum ? The Herring-gull or greatest ash-coloured Mew : Larus cinereus maximus . The lesser ash-coloured Sea-cobor Mew : Larus cinereus minor . The great Gray Gull : an Wagel Cornubi-ensium ? Of this Bird the Cornish men about Pensans report , that he pursues and strikes at the small Gull so long , till out of fear it mutes ; The Wagell presently follows and greedily devours the excrement , catching it sometimes before it be fallen to the water . This several Seamen affirmed themselves to have oftentimes seen . The great black and white Gull : Larus maximus ex albo & nigro varius . The Gannet , An Catarractes . We saw about St. Ives in Cornwal many of these birds flying . It hath long wings , and a long neck , and flyeth strongly , it prys upon Pilchards ; the Scoles whereof great numbers of this fowl constantly frequent and pursue . It casts it self down with great violence upon its prey , insomuch that they say one way to catch it is by fastning a Pilchard to a deal board a little under water , upon which it will precipitate it self with such vehemency , that it will dash out its own brains against the board . The Coddy moddy or lesser grey Gull : an Larus major Aldrov ? The Pewit or Sea-crow : Larus albus minor . The Tarrock : Cornub : Larus cinereus Bellonii . The Sea-swallow : Hirundo marina . The small black Cu●l : Larus niger , vel Larus piscator . The Puffin or Curviere : Puffinus Anglorum . This bird builds on a little Island called the calf of Man at the South end of the Isle of Man , and also upon the Silly Islands , but is nothing such a thing as is described in Aldrovandus : for that is feather'd and can fly swiftly . Avosetta Italorum : Recurvirostra . Such as have toothed-bills . The Gossander or Bergander : Merganse● Aldr. The lesser tooth-bill'd Diver : Mergus cinereus fuscus . Albellus alter Aldrov . Mergus glacialis Gesneri . This hath no English name known to me , unless it be that which Dr. Merret in his Pinax calls by the name of Nun : The Germans call it the White Nun. The cock and hen in this and the Gossander differ so much in colour , that Authors have made four distinct species of them . Broad-billed Birds . The Swan : Cygnus . The Elk , Hooper , or wild Swan : Cygnus ferus , this bird is specifically distinct ●om the tame Swan ; as is manifest from that one note alone , that in this the winde-pipe enters into the breast-bone , and is therein reflected , which it doth not in the tame Swan . The Goose : Anser . The Wild-Goose : Anser ferus . The road-Goose , or small Wild Goose . The Bernacle : Bernicla : The common Wild Duck : Boschas major . The tame Duck : Anas domestica . The Shelldrake : Tadorna Belonii . The Gadwall or Gray : Boschas minor orquata . The Sea Pheasant : Anas caudacuta . The Wigeon : Penelope Aldrov . Anas fistularis . The Pochard : Anas fera fusca . Rothals , Gesn . Mergus cirratus minor , Gesn . Caporosso Venetiis dicta . The Teal : Querquedula . Quattro occhis Venetiis : Clangula . The Shoveler : Anas platyrynchos , sive clypeata Germanica Aldr. The Scoter : Anas niger . Anatis nigrae aliam speciem nobis oftendit D. Johnson Eboracensis . The Cuthbert Duck : Anas S. Cuthberti , building only on the Farn Islands upon the coast of Northumberland . A. CATALOGUE OF FISHES Taken about Pensans and St. Ives in Cornwall given us by one of the Ancientest and most experienced fishermen , the most whereof we saw during our stay there . Of the Cetaceous Kind . 1. THe Whale , Cetus , Balaena : of what sort he could not tell us . Vulgus enim non distinguit . 2. The Porpesse : Phocaena Rondel . These Fishes have lungs and breathe like quadrupeds , are also viviparous and give suck to their young . Of the Cartilagineous kind , Long. 3. Blew Sharks ; Glaucus . 4. White Sharks . 5. Topes ; An Mustelus laevis secundus seu Canosa Salviani ? 6. Picked Dogs ; Catulus spinax . 7. Rough Hounds ; Mustelus , an laevis primus Salviani ? 8. Morgay ; Catulus major Salviani . Broad or Flat . 9. Thornback ; Raia clavata . 10. Flair or Ray ; Raia laevis . 11. Monk-fish : which either is or ought to be called Skate , if we follow the Etymology of the word ; Squatina . The Italians call it Pesce Angelo , The Angel-Fish . 12. The Piper , Raio-squatina Rondel . I am not ignorant that the Cornish men call another Fish , viz. A sort of Cuculus or Gurnard by the name of Piper : wherefore this Homonymy is to be carefully noted to avoid confusion . 13. Pesc mollan ; the Frog-fish , or Sea-Divel : Rana piscatrix . Spinous or Bony Fishes . Flat-Fishes that swim sideways and lye most part grovelling at the bottome . 14. Holibut or Halibut ; the biggest of all this kind , an Hippoglossus Rondel ? 15. Turbot Rhombus . These names of Turbot and Halibut are confounded in several Countreys . What in the North they call the Halibut in the North they call the Turbot ; and the Turbot the Bret , nay in some parts of the West of England they call the Turbot Bret and the Halibut Turbot . 16. The Plaise ; Passer maculosus . 17. Flukes or Flounders , called in some places Buts , Passer laevis vulgaris . 18. The Dab : Passer asper , seu squamosus Rondel . 19. Lanterns : Lug aleth Cornubiensibus . 20. Queens : a Fish thinner than a Plaise . Of these two last we know nothing but the names , having never seen the Fishes . 21. Soles : Solea , Lingulaca . Of Fishes that swim upright , which at present we will distinguish into 1 Long and narrow . 2. Broad or deep . Of long Fishes . Such as have three fins upon the Ridge of their Backs which I call properly the Cod-kind . 22. The Common Cod-fish : Asellus vulgaris , Cabiliau . 23. The Whiting-Pollack . 24. The Raewlin-Pollack . 25. The Haddock : Asinus Antiquorum . 26. The Bib or Blinds . 27. The Bulcard . 28. The Whiting : Asellus mollis . Of these fishes we saw and described all , save the Bulcard : several of them we judge not yet described by any Authour extant in print : indeed the writers of natural History of Animals living far from the Ocean , and so having never had opportunity of seeing these kinds of Fishes , which are proper to the Ocean and not found in the Mediterranean Sea , write very confusedly and obscurely concerning them . To these may be referred two other Fishes , which have not three fins on the back , because their flesh is like that of the precedent , and they are usually salted and dried in like manner , viz. 29. Ling : by some called Asellus longus , and by some Asellus Islandicus . 30. Hake : Asellus alter , sive Merlucius , Aldrov . Of the Gurnard kind , having as it were fingers before the fins on their Bellies . 31. Gray Gurnard or Snowd : Cuculus . 32. Red Gurnard . 33. Tub-fish or Piper . Lyra prior Rondel . Of the Herring-kind . 34. Herrings : Harengus . 35. Pilchard : Harengus minor . This Fish , though not so great as the Herring , yet seemed to us of a more Delicate tast . 36. A lose : called in other places Shads , which are of the Anadromi , coming up Rivers , commonly taken in the Rivers of Thames and Severn , called in Latine Clupeae & Alosae . They are the biggest of this kind , growing to be far greater then a Herring . Of the Mackrel-kind . 37. Tunny , called there Spanish Mackrel , of which we saw a large one taken at Pensans . 38. Scad ; Trachurus . 39. Mackrel ; Scomber . Miscellaneous long Fishes of several Kinds . 40. Mullet ; Mugil . 41. Basse . 42. Old-wives ; which I saw not but by the description made of it I guess to be a kind of Turdus . 43. Wrasse ; another sort of Turdus : in Careys description of Cornwal this is called a Wroth. 44. Sur-Mullet ; Mullus Antiquorum . 45. Cuckow-Fish ; That sort of Turdus called by Salvianus Pavo . 46. Girrock : Acus major , called elsewhere Horn-Fish and Needle-Fish . 47. Skipper ; Acus minor . 48. Conger or Sea-Eel : Congrus . 49. Calken ; i. e. Weaver or Wiver , Draco sive Araneus . 50. Salmon ; Salmo . 51. Smelt ; Violacea . 52. Sand-Eels or Launces ; Ammodytes Gesneri , so called because they dig them out of the Sand when the Tide is out . 53. Whistle-Fish ; Mustelus . 54. Mulgronock ; Alauda marina . 55. Father-Lasher Cornubiensibus pueris dictus : Scorpaena Bellony . 56. Butter-Fish : 57. Sea-Adder ; These two last are very small Fishes , and not described or mentioned by any Authour I know of . 58. Rock-Fish ; Gobius marinus . 59. A Gid ; A scaly Fish lesser then a Pilchard : this we saw not . Broad or Deep-Fishes . 60. Gilt-Heads ; Aurata , Chrysophrys . 61. Sea-Bream , Chad ; Pagrus Aldrov . 62. Dory ; Faber piscis . 63. Sun-Fish ; Mola Salviani . Shell-Fish . Crustaceous . 64. Black Crabfish . 65. White Crab : Pagurus . 66. Scottish Crab : 67. Spanish Crab : Tragezawt : Cancer maias . Besides all these we observed two other sorts of small Crabs . 68. Lobster : Astacus . 69. Long Oyster , Sea-gar , Red Crab : Locusta marina . The name long Oyster is no doubt a Corruption of Locusta . 70. Shrimp , Beeban booban Cornub. Squilla . Testaceous . 71. Cockle : Pectunculus . 72. Muscle : Mitylus . 73. Oyster : Ostrea . 74. Limpet : Patella . 75. Shorts : Echini marini . 76. Wrinkles or Periwinkles : Cochleae marinae : Of which there are found several species . Fish called in Latine Exanguia aquatica mollia . 77. Cuttle Fish : Lolligo . 78. Call : Sepia . 79. Mulgouly : a sort of Urtica soluts or Blubber , round and finely coloured with rayes on one side , from the center to the circumference . 80. Star-Fishes of several sorts , Stellae marinae . On the Rocks near the Lands end they often find the Phocae ( which they call Soils ) sleeping . Sometimes they kill them by striking them cross the snout with a pole , otherwhiles they shoot them . Some of these Soils ( they say ) grow to the bigness of a heifer of two years old , and they are of divers Colours . They defend themselves by casting stones backward with their feet upon those that come near them . Being shot dead the male they say sinks down presently to the bottom of the water , but the female flotes or swims : which is not to be credited . They distinguish between Soils and Sielos : the Siele they affirm to be a Fish and no Amphibium , much less then the soile , and not taken upon our Coasts . A CATALOGUE OF Fresh water Fish found IN England . Anadromi : Sea fish that come up Rivers at certain Seasons . THe Sturgeon : Sturio , Acipenser . The Salmon : Salmo . The Shad or Alose : Clupea ▪ Alosa . The Smelt : Violacea , Eperlanus Roudel . Lacustres : such as are found only in Lakes or Meres . The Charre of Winander-mere in Westmorland : This I take to be the same with the Welsh Torgoch , taken in the lake of Llanberis near Snowdon-hill , and in other pools in Carnarvanshire . The same I saw and described at Zug in Switzerland , by the name of Reutell : which the fisher men , there , said was proper to their lake . Of this fish there are two sorts taken in Winander-mere . The greater having a red belly they call the red Charre : and the lesser having a white belly , which they call the Gilt or Gelt Charre . The Guiniad : found in the lake of Bala in Merionethshire in Wales . This is the same with the Farra of the lake of Geneva , discribed in Aldrovandus , and the Alberlin of the lake of Zurich in Switzerland . It is found also in a lake in Cumberland five miles from Pereth called Huls water : where they call it the Schelley . Fluviatiles : River Fishes , and such as live in standing pools and ponds of VVater . Squamosi ; Scaly . THe Trout ; Trutta . Of these there are said to be several sorts : as the Lincoln-shire Shard , the Salmon-trout : The Bull-trout : Grey-trout , or Skurf . But to me these differences are not well known . The Samlet : a small Fish of the trout-kind taken in Hereford River . The Grayling : Thymalus . I take this to be the same Fish , which in some places of the North they call the Vmber . The Pike , Pickrell or Jack : for these are but several names of the same Fish according to its age or bigness , Lucius . The Carp : Cyprinus . This Fish , though now there is none more common with us , was but lately brought over into England . Leonard . Mascall in his book of Fishing saith that himself was the first that brought in Carps and Pippins . The Bream : Cyprnius latus , Abramis . The Perch : Perca , this Fish at Huls Water before mentioned they called the Basse . The Ruffe : Perca aurata . The Tench : Tinca . The Barble : Barbus . The Chub or Chevin : Capito , Cephalus fluv . The Dace or Dare : Leuciscus . The Bleak or Bley : Alburnus . The Roche : Rubellio . The Gudgeon : Gobio fluviatilis . Fluviatiles laeves ; River Fish without scales . The Eel : Anguilla . The Eel-pout or Burbot : Mustela . The Lampern : Lampetra minor . The Minow , Minim or Pink : Varius sive Phoximus laevis . The Loche : Cobites barbatula . The Stickle-Back or Banstickle : Pungitius piscis . Of this there are two kinds : One that hath only three prickles on the ridge of the back : another that hath six or more . The Bull-head or Millers thumb : Gobio capitatus , Cottus Rondel . FINIS . THE Smelting and Refining OF SILVER , AT The Silver Mills in CARDIGANSHIRE . THe Oare beaten into small Pieces is brought from the mine to the Smelting House , and there melted with black and white Coal ; i. e. With Charcoale and wood slit into small pieces and dried in a kiln , for that purpose . The reason why they mix black and white Coal is , because black alone makes too vehement a Fire , and the white too gentle , but mixt together they make a just temper of hear . After the fire is made the mine is cast on the coales ; and so interchangeably mine and Coales . The mine when melted runs down into the Sump , i. e. a round pit of stone covered over with clay within . Thence it is laded out and cast into long square bars with smaller ends fit to lift and carry them by . These bars they bring to the refining Furnace , which is covered with a thick cap of stone bound about with Iron and moveable , that so they may lift it up , and make the test at the bottome anew ( which they doe every refining ) In the middle of the cap there is a hole in which the barr of metal hangs in Iron slings above the Furnace , that so it may be let down by degrees as it melts off . Besides this they have another hole in the side of the Furnace parallel to the Horizon , and bottomed with Iron . At this hole they thrust in another barr . The rest is of an oval Figure , and occupies all the bottome of the Furnace . The fire is put in by the side of the bellows . When the Furnace is come to a true temper of heat , the lead converted into Litharge is cast off by the blowing of the bellows , the Silver subsiding into the bottome of the test . The blast blows the lead converted into Litharge off the Silver after the manner that Cream is blown off Milk. As soon as all the glut of Litharge ( for so they call it ) is cast off , the Silver in the bottome of the Cuple grows cold , and the same degree of heat will not keep it melted as before . The Cake of Silver after it grows cold springs or rises vp into branches . The test is made of marrow-bones burnt to small pieces , afterward stamped to pouder , and with water tempered into a past . The test is about a foot thick laid in Iron . After the cake of silver is taken out , that part of the test which is discoloured they mingle with the Oare to be melted ; the rest they stamp and use again for test . The Litharge is brought to a reducing Furnace , and there with Charcoale only melted into Lead . The Litharge is cast upon the Charcoale in the bing of the Furnace , and as the Charcoale burns away and the Litharge melts , more Charcoale thrown on and Litharge put upon it as at first smelting . Another Furnace they have , which they call an Almond Furnace , in which they melt the slags or refuse of the Litharge ( not stamped ) with Charcoale only . The slags or cinders of the first smelting they beat small with great stamps lifted up by a wheel moved with water , and falling by their own weight . First they are stamped with dry stamps , then sifted with an Iron sieve in water . That which lies at the bottome of the sieve is returned to the smelting Furnace without more adoe . That which swims over the sieve is beaten with wet stamp . That which passeth through the sieve , as also that which after it hath been beaten with the wet stamps passes through a fine grate or strainer of Iron , goeth to the Buddle , which is a vessel made like to a shallow tumbrel , standing a little shelving . Thereon the matter is laid , and water running constantly over it , moved to and fro with an Iron rake or how , and so the water carries away the earth and dross , the metal remaining behind . That which is thus Budled they lue with a thick hair sieve close wrought in a tub of water , rolling the sieve about and enclining it this way and that way with their hands . The light which swims over the sieve is returned again to the Buddle . That which subsides is fit for the smelting Furnace . They have besides an Assay-Furnace , wherewith they try the value of the metal , i. e. what proportion the lead bears to the Silver , cutting a piece off every bar and melting it in a small Cupel . First they weigh the piece cut off , then after the lead is separated the Silver . A tun of metal will yield 10 , sometimes 15 , and if it be rich 20 l. weight of Silver . All lead oar dig'd in England hath a proportion of silver mixt with it , but some so little , that it will not quit cost to refine it . At the first smelting they mingle several sorts of oare , some richer , some poorer , else they will not melt so kindly . The Silver made here is exceeding fine and good . These six mountains in Cardiganshire not far distant from each other afford Silver oar , Talabont , Geginnon , Comsomlack , Gedarren , Bromefloid and Cummer . At our being there they dig'd only at Talabont . They sink a perpendicular square hole or shaft , the sides whereof they strengthen round from top to bottome with wood that the earth fall not in . The transverse pieces of wood , they call stemples and upon these catching hold with their Hands and Feet they descend without using any rope . They dig the Oar thus , one holds a little picque or punch of Iron , having a long handle of wood , which they call a Gad ; another with a great Iron hammer or sledge drives it into the vein . The vein of metal runs East and West , it riseth North and flopes or dips to the South . There is a white Fluor about the vein , which they call Spar , and a black which they call blinds . This last covers the vein of Oare , and when it appears they are sure to find Oare . They sell the Oare for 3 l. or 4 l. the tun , more or less as it is in goodness , or as it is more rare or plentiful . This information and account we had from Major Hill , 1662. Who was then master of the silver mills . The History of these Silver-works may be seen in Dr. Fullers Worthies of Wales General , p. 3. The smelting of Lead is the same with the smelting of Silver Oare , and therefore no need that any thing be said of it . The preparing and smelting , or blowing of Tin in Cornwall . THe tinners find the Mine by the Shoad ( or as they call it Squad ) which is loose stones of tin mixed with the Earth , of which they give you this account . The load or vein of tin before the flood came up to the Superficies of the Earth . The flood washing the upper part of it as of the whole earth , brake it off from the load , and confounded or mixed it with the earth to such a depth . They observe that the deeper the shoad lies , the nearer is the main load , and the shallower the further off . Sometimes it comes up to the exterior Superficies of the earth . The main load begins at the East and runs Westward , shelving still deeper and deeper ; and sometimes descending almost perpendicularly . Besides the main load , they have little branches that run from it North and South , and to other points which they call Countrey . The vein or load is sometimes less , sometimes greater , sometimes not a foot thick , sometimes three foot or more . When they have digged a good way they sink an air-shaft , else they cannot breathe nor keep their candles light . The shoad commonly descends a hill side . There is a kind of fluor which they call Spar next the vein , and which sometimes encompasseth it . In this are often found the Cornish Diamonds . Above the Spar lies another kind of substance like a white soft stone , which they call Kellus . They get out the Mine with a Pick-ax , but when it is hard they use a Gad [ a tool like a Smiths punch ] which they drive in with one end of their Pick-ax made like a hammer . When they have gotten out of the Mine , they break it with a hammer into small pieces , the biggest not exceeding half a pound or a pound , and then bring it to the stamps . [ The stamps are onely two at one place , lifted up by a wheel moved with water as the Silver Mills ] There it is put into a square open box into which a spout of water continually runs and therein the stamps beat it to powder . One side of the box mentioned is made of an iron-plate perforated with small holes like a grate , by which the water runs out , and carries away with it the Mine that is pounded small enough to pass the holes , dross and all together , in a long gutter or trough made of wood . The dross and earth ( as being lighter ) is carried all along the trough to a pit or vessel into which the trough delivers it , called a loob : the tin as being heavier , subsides and staies behind in the trough : and besides at a good distance from the stamps they put a turf in the trough to stop the tin that itrun not further . The tin remaining in the trough they take out and carry to the buddle [ a Vessel described in the Silver work ] where the sand and earth is washed from it by the water running over it , the tinners stirring and working it both with a shovel , and with their feet . In the buddle the rough tin ( as they call it ) falls behind ; the head tin lies uppermost or foremost . The head tin passes to the wreck , where they work it with a wooden rake in Vessels almost like the buddling Vessels , water running also over it . In the wreck the head tin lies again foremost , and that is finished and fit for the blowing house , and is called black tin , being black of colour , and as fine as sand . The rough tin lies next , that as also that in the buddle they sift to separate the course , and dross , and stones from it , which is teturned to the stamps to be new beaten . The fine is lewed in a fine sierce moved and waved to and fro in the water , as is described in the Silver work ; the oar subfiding to the bottom , the sand , earth and other dross flows over the rimme of the sierce with the water : that which remains in the sierce they sift through a fine sieve , and what passes through they call black tin . In like manner they order the wast tin that falls hindmost in the Buddle and wreck , which they call the tail , as also that which falls into the loob , pit or sump , viz. washing and sifting of it , which they call stripping of it , returning the rough and course to the stamps , and the finer to the wreck . With the rough tin that is returned to the stamps they migle new ore , else it will not work , but fur up the stamps . The tin in the loob they let lie a while , and the longer the better , for , say they , it grows and encreases by lying . The black tin is smelted at the blowing house with Charcoal only , first throwing on Charcoal , then upon that black tin , and so interchangeably into a very deep bing ( which they call the house ) broader at the top and narrower at the bottom . They make the fire very vehement , blowing the coals continually with a pair of great bellows moved by water , as in the smelting of other metals . The melting tin together with the dross or slag runs out at a hole at the bottom of the bing into a large trough made of stone . The cinder or slag swims on the top of it like scum , and hardens presently . This they take off with a shovel and lay it by . When they have got a sufficient heap of it they sell it to be stamped , budled and lued . They get a good quantity of tin out of it . Formerly it was thrown away to mend high wayes , as nothing worth . When they have a sufficient quantity of the melted metal they cast it into oblong square pieces in a mould made of Moore-stone . The lesser pieces they call slabs , the greater blocks . Two pound of black tin ordinarily yields a pound of white or more . The tin after it is melted is coyned , i. e. marked by the Kings Officer with the Lion Rampant . The Kings custom is four shillings on every hundred pound weight . Other particulars concerning the tin-works I omit , because they may be seen in Carewy's survey of Cornwal . But the manner of preparing the tin for blowing or smelting is now much different from what it was in his time . Tin-oar is so different in colour and appearance from tin , that one would wonder that the one should come out of the other : and somewhat strange it is that tin being so like to lead , tin-oar should be so unlike to Lead-oar being very like to the lead that is melted out of it . The manner of the Iron-work at the Furnace . THe Iron-mine lies sometimes deeper , sometimes shallower in the Earth from 4 foot to 40. and upward . There are several sorts of mine , some hard , some gentle , some rich , some courser . The Iron-masters always mix different sorts of mine together , otherwise they will not melt to advantage . When the mine is brought in , they take small cole and lay a row of small cole and upon it a row of mine , and so alternately , S. S. S. one above another , and setting the coles on fire therewith burn the mine . The use of this burning is to mollifie it , that so it may be broke in small pieces : otherwise if it should be put into the furnace as it comes out of the Earth , it would not melt but come away whole . Care also must be taken that it be not too much burned , for then it will loop , i. e. melt and run together in a mass . After it is burnt , they beat it into small pieces with an Iron sledge , and then put it into the Furnace ( which is before charged with coles ) casting it upon the top of the coles , where it melts and falls into the hearth in the space of about twelve hours more or less , and then it is run into a Sow . The hearth or bottome of the furnace is made of a Sand-stone , and the sides round to the height of a Yard or thereabout , the rest of the Furnace is lined up to the top with Brick . When they begin upon a new furnace ; They put fire for a day or two before they begin to blow . Then they blow gently and increase by degrees till they come to the height in ten weeks or more . Every six days they call a Founday , in which space they make 8 tun of Iron , if you divide the whole summ of Iron made by the Foundays : for at first they make less in a Founday , at last more . The hearth by the force of the fire continually blown grows wider and wider , so that if at first it contains so much as will make a Sow of 600 or 700 pound weight , at last it will contain so much as will make a Sow of 2000 l. The lesser pieces of 1000 pound or under they call Pigs . Of 24 loads of coals they expect 8 tun of Sows to every load of coals , which consists of 11 quarters they put a load of mine which contains 18 bushels . A Hearth ordinarily if made of good stone will last 40 Foundays , that is 40 weeks , during which time the fire is never let go out . They never blow twice upon one hearth though they go upon it not above five or six Foundays . The cinder like scum swims upon the melted metal in the hearth , and is let out once or twice before a Sow is cast . The manner of working the Iron at the Forge or Hammer . IN every forge or hammer there are two fires at least , the one they call the Finery , the other the Chafery . At the Finery by the working of the hammer they bring it into Blooms and Anconies , thus . The sow at first they roll into the fire , and melt off a piece of about three fourths of a hundred weight , which , so soon as it is broken off , is called a Loop . This Loop they take out with their shingling tongs , and beat it with Iron sledges upon an Iron plate near the fire , that so it may not fall in pieces but be in a capacity to be carried under the hammer . Under which they then removing it , and drawing a little water , beat it with the hammer very gently , which forces cinder and dross out of the matter , afterwards by degrees drawing more water they beat it thicker and stronger till they bring it to a Bloom , which is a four-square mass of about two foot long . This operation they call shingling the Loop . This done they immediately return it to the Finery again , and after two or three heats and working they bring it to an Ancony , the figure whereof is in the middle , a barr about 3 feet long of that shape they intend the whole barr to be made of it : at both ends a square piece left rough to be wrought at the Chafery . Note , At the Finery 3 load of the biggest coals goe to make one tun of Iron . At the Chafery they only draw out the 2 ends sutable to what was drawn out at the Finery in the middle , and so finish the barr . Note , 1. One load of the smaller coals will draw out one tun of Iron at the Chafery . 2. They expect that one man and a boy at the Finery should make 2 tuns of Iron in a week : two men at the Chafery should take up , i. e. make or work five or six tun in a week . 3. If into the hearth where they work the Iron-sowes ( whether the Chafery or the Finery ) you cast upon the Iron a piece of Brass it will hinder the metal from working , causing it to spatter about , so that it cannot be brought into a Solid piece . This account of the whole process of the Iron-work I had from one of the chief Iron-masters in Sussex , my honoured friend Walter Burrell of Cuck-field Esquire deceased . And now that I have had occasion to mention this worthy Gentleman give me leave by the by to insert a few observations referring to Husbandry communicated by him in occasional discourse on those Subjects . 1. In removing and transplanting young Oakes you must be sure not to cut off or wound that part of the root , which descends down-right ( which in some Countreys they call the tap-root ) but dig it up to the bottome , and prepare your hole deep enough to set it : else if you perswade it to live you hinder the growth of it half in half . 2. Corn or any other grain , the longer it continues in the ground , or the earlier it is sown , caeteris paribus , the better laden it is , and the berry more plump , full and weighty and of stronger nourishment , as for example , winter Oats better then summer Oats , Beans set in February then those set in March , &c. 3. The most effectual way to prevent smutting or burning of any corn is to lime it before you sow it , as is found by daily experience in Sussex , where , since this practise of liming , they have no burnt corn , whereas before they had abundance . They lime it thus , first they wet the corn a little to make it stick and then sift or sprinkle poudered lime upon it . 4. He uses to plow with his Oxen endwayes or all in one file , and not to Yoke them by pairs , whereby he finds a double advantage . 1. He by this means loseth no part of the strength of any Oxe , whereas breastwise , it is very hard so evenly to match them , as that a great part of the strength of some of them be not rendred useless . 2. In this way a wet and clay ground is not so much poached by the feet of the Oxen. 5. He hath practised to burn the ends of all the posts which he sets into the ground to a coal on the outside , whereby they continue a long time without rotting , which otherwise would suddainly decay . This observation I also find mentioned in an Extract of a Letter , written by David von-der beck a German Philosopher and Physitian at Minden to Dr. Langelot , &c. Registred in the Philosophic : Transact . Numb . 92. Pag. 5185. In these words , Hence also they sleightly burn the ends of timber to be set in the ground , that so by the fusion made by fire , the volatile Salts , which by the accession of the moisture of the earth would easily be consumed to the corruption of the timber may catch and fix one another . 6. He first introduced the use of Fern for burning of lime , which serves that purpose as well as wood , ( the flame thereof being very vehement ) and is far cheaper . 7. Bucks if gelded when they have cast their head , their horns never grow again , if when their horns are grown they never cast them , in brief their horns never grow after they are gelded . This Observation , expressed in almost the same words , I find in the Summary of a Book of Francesco Rodi the Italian , called Esperienze intorno a diverse cose naturali , &c. Delivered in the Philosophical Transactions Numb . 92. Pag. 6005. 8. Rooks , if they infest your corn , are more terrified if in their sight you take a Rook and plucking it limbe from limbe , cast the several limbes about your Field , then if you hang up half a dozen dead Rooks in it . 9. Rooks when they make their nests , one of the pair always sits by to watch it , while the other goes to fetch materials to build it . Else if both goe and leave it unfinished , their Fellow-Rooks , ere they return again will have carried away toward their several nests all the sticks and materials they had got together . Hence perhaps the word Rooking for cheating and abusing . The manner of the VVire-work at Tintern in Monmoth-shire . THey take little square bars , made like bars of steel , which they call Osborn-Iron , wrought on purpose for this manufacture ; and strain i. e. draw them at a Furnace with a hammer moved by water ( like those at the Iron Forges but lesser ) into square rods of about the bigness of ones little finger , or less , and bow them round . When that is done they put them into a furnace , and neal them with a pretty strong fire for about 12 hours : after they are nealed they lay them in water for a month or two ( the longer the better ) then the Rippers take them and draw them into wire through two or three holes . Then they neal them again for six hours or more , and water them the second time about a week , then they are carried to the Rlippers who draw them to a two-bond wire as big as a great packthread . Then again they are nealed the third time and watered about a week as before , and delivered to the small wire drawers , whom there they call Overhouse-men , I suppose only because they work in an upper room . In the mill , where the Rippers work , the wheel moves several Engins like little barrels , which they also call Barrels hoopt with Iron . The Barrel hath two hooks on the upper side , upon each whereof hang two links standing a-cross , and fastned to the two ends of the tongs , which catch hold of the wire and draw it through the hole . The Axis on which the barrel moves runs not through the center , but is placed towards one side , viz. that on which the hooks are . Underneath is fastned to the barrel a spoke of wood , which they call a Swingle , which is drawn back a good way by the calms or cogs in the Axis of the wheel , and draws back the barrel , which falls to again by its own weight . The tongs , hanging on the hooks of the barrel , are by the workmen fastned on the wire , and by the force of the wheel the hooks being drawn back draw the wire through the holes . They anoint the wire with train-oil , to make it run the easier . The plate , wherein the holes are , is on the outside Iron , on the inside steel . The holes are bigger on the Iron side , because the wire finds more resistance from the steel and is streigthned by degrees . There is another mill where the small wire is drawn which with one wheel moves three Axes that run the length of the house on 3 floors one above another . The Description whereof would be tedious and difficult to understand without a a Scheme , and therefore I shall omit it . Modus faciendi Vitriolum coctile in Anglia . Worm . Mus . Sect. 2. Cap. 13. p. 89. LApides ex quibus Vitriolum excoquitur ad litus Orientale insulae Shepey reperiuntur . Ubi ingentem horum copiam collegerunt per spatiosam areterrae mistos spargunt , donec imbrium illuvie , accedente Solis aestu & calore in terram seu pulverem redigantur subtilissimum , nitrosum , sulphureum odore praetereuntes offendentem . Interea aqua per hanc terram percolata in Subjecta vasa per tubulos & canales derivata in vase plumbeo amplo sex vel septem dierum spatio coquitur ad justam consistentiam , tum in aliud vas plumbeum effunditur immissis asseribus aliquot , quibus adhaerens concrescat vitriolum omnibus refrigeratis . Nullo alio vase coqui aut contineri hoc lixivium potest quàm plumbeo ; cui ut facilius ebulliat ferri injiciunt particulas , quae à lixivio plané consumuntur . We saw the manner of making Vitriol or Copperas at Bricklesey in Essex . They lay the stones upon a large bed or floor prepared in the open air , underneath which there are gutters or troughs disposed to receive and carry away the liquor impregnate with the mineral to a Cistern where it is Reserved . [ For the air and weather dissolving the stones , the Rain falling upon them carries away with it the Vitrioline juice or salt dissolved , ] This liquor they boil in large leaden pans putting in a good quantity of Old Iron . When it is sufficiently evaporated they pour it cut into large troughs wherein it coals , the Vitriol crystallizing to the sides of the troughs and to cross barrs put into them . The liquor that remains after the Vitriol is Crystallized they call the mother , and reserve it to be again evaporated by boyling . They gather of these stones in several places besides the coast of the Island of Shepey . I have observed people gathering them on the Sea-shore near to Bright Helmston in Sussex . The manner of making Vitriol in Italy is something different from ours in England , which take in Matthiolus his words . Minerae glebas in acerves mediocres conjectos igne suppsito accendunt . Sponte autem urunt semel accensae , donec in calcem seu cineres maxima ex parte reducantur . Mineram cubustam in piscinas aquae plenas obruunt , agitando , miscendoque eam , ut aqua imbuatur substantiâ Vitrioli . Aquam hanc Vitriolatam a sedimento claram hauriunt ; & in caldaria plumbea transfundunt , quam igne supposito decoquunt . Verum dum ebullit , in medio cocturae vel parum supra vel infra addunt modicum ferri veteris vel glebae aeris juxta intentionem operantis . Aquam Vitriolatam decoctam in vasa lignea transfundunt in quibus frigescens congelatur in vitriolum . The making of Minium or Red Lead . FIrst they take Lead and waste it in an Oven or Furnace : that is bring it to a Substance almost like a Litharge , by stirring it with an iron rake or how . This they grind with two pair of stones which deliver it from one to another : the first grind it courser , the the second finer [ There is a mill so contrived as that it moves at once six pair of these stones ] Thus reduced to powder and washed it is put into an Oven or reverberating Furnace , and , by continual stirring with the iron rake or how , it is brought to the right colour in two or three dayes . The fire must not be extreme all this while , else it will clod together and change colour . The iron rake wherewith it is stirred is hung or poised on an iron hook , else it is so heavy that it could not be moved by one man. The Allom VVork at Whitby in Yorkshire . THe process of making Allom , as we partly saw , and partly received from the Workmen , was as followeth . First they take the Mine picked from the D●sse or Rock , and laying it on great heaps burn it with whins and wood till it be white . When it is sufficiently burned , they barrow it into a pit made on purpose some ten feet long , six foot broad , and seven fourths of a yard deep , where it is steeped in water for the space of eight or ten hours . Then they draw out the Liquor , ( which is but a Lixivium impregnated with the Allom-mine ) into troughs by which it is conveyed to the Allom-house , into a deep Cistern of about twenty yards circumference , and three yards and half deep . After this first water is drawn off the Mine in the pits , they do not presently cast away the mine , but pour fresh water on it the second time , and after the second water is drawn off ( which is much weaker then the first ) they cast out the Mine and put in new , and pour on fresh water as before . Out of the Cistern they convey the Lixivium by troughs into the pans , where it is boiled for the space of twenty four hours ordinarily . Then they take off the Liquor out of the pans , and examine it by weight , to know how much Lee made of kelp it will require , which is for the most part six inches of the pans depth . Which being put in so soon as the Liquor boils or flows up by the putting in of an iron cole-rake , or other iron Instrument , they draw it off into a settler , and there let it stand about an hour , that so the Sulphur and other dregs may settle to the bottom , which being done it is drawn off into coolers , where it continues about for days and nights . The cooler being drawn about half full , they pour into it a quantity of Urine , viz. about eight gallons into a cooler that contains about two half tuns . Having thus stood four days and nights , it is quite cool , and the Allom crystallized to the sides of the cooler . Then they scope out the Liquor ( which they call the Mother ) into a Cistern , and put it into the pans again with new Lixivium to be evaporated by boiling , &c. The Allom that is shotten and crystallized on the sides of the cooler they scrape off and wash with fair Spring water ; then throw it into a bing , where the water drains from it . Thence it is taken and cast into a pan , which they call the rocking pan , and there melted , it is scoped out and conveyed by troughs into tuns , in which it stands about ten days untill it be perfectly cool and condensed . Then they unhoop and stave the tuns , and taking out the Allom , chip it and carry it into the Store-house . We failed to enquire exactly what proportion of kelp they put in . For though they told us six inches of the pans depth , yet they told us not how deep the pans are made . The making of Salt at Namptwych in Cheshire . THe Salt-spring or ( as they call it ) the Brine-pit is near the River , and is so plentiful that were all the water boil'd out that it would afford ( as they told us ) it would yield Salt enough for all England . The Lords of the pit appoint how much shall be boiled as they see occasion , that the Trade be not clogged . Divers persons have interest in the Brine-pit , so that it belongs not all to one Lord ; Some have one Lead-walling , some two , some three , some four or more . [ N. B. A Lead-walling is the Brine of twenty four hours boiling for one house . ] Two hundred and sixteen Lead-wallings or thereabout belong to all the Owners of the pit . No Tradesman , Bachelor or Widow can Rent more then eighteen Lead-wallings . They have four sworn Officers chosen yearly , which they call Occupiers of Walling , whose duty it is to see equal dealing between Lord and Tenant , and all persons concerned . They appoint how many Houses shall Work at a time , and that is twelve at the most . When there is occasion for Salt to be made , they cause a Cryer to make Proclamation , that so all Parties concerned may put to their fires at the same time ; and so when they shall cease at a determinate hour , at which they must give over ; else they cause their Salt to be marred by casting dirt into it , or the like . There are in the Town about fifty houses , and every house hath four pans , which the Rulers are to see be exactly of the same measure . Salt-water taken out of the Brine-pit in two hours & a quarter boiling , will be evaporated and boil'd up into Salt. When the Liquor is more then lukewarm , they take strong Ale , bullocks blood and whites of Eggs mixt together with Brine in this proportion ; of blood one Egg-shell full , the white of one Egg and a pint of Ale , and put it into a pan of twenty four gallons or thereabouts . The whites of the Eggs and the bloud serve to clarifie the Brine by raising the scum , which they take off just upon the boiling of the pans , otherwise it will boil in , and spoil the Salt. The older the bloud is , the better it is ; caeteris paribus . They do not always put in bloud , viz. when there is danger of the Liquors boiling too fast . If the Liquor happens to boil too fast , they take to allay it Brine that had been boil'd and drain'd from the Salt : Crude Brine , they say , will diminish their Salt. The Ale serves ( they said ) to harden the Corn of the Salt. After one hour boiling the Brine will begin to Corn : then they take a small quantity of clear Ale , and sprinkle thereof into the pan about one Egg-shell full [ N. if you put in too much it will make the broth boil over the pan . ] Ale the while before they put in the last Ale they cause the pan to boil as fast as they can ; Afterwards very gently till the Salt be almost dry . They do not evaporate ad siccitatem , but leave about a pottle or gallon of Brine in the pan , lest the Salt should burn and stick to the sides of the pan . The Brine thus sufficiently boil'd and evaporated , they take out the Salt and put it into Conical Baskets , ( which they call barrows ) and in them let the water drain from it an hour , more or less , and then set it to dry in the Hot-house behind the Furnace . A barrow containing six pecks is sold therefor 1s . 4d . Out of two pans of forty eight gallons they expect seven pecks of Salt , Winchester-measure . N. The house in which the Salt is boil'd is called the Wych-house , whence may be guessed what Wych signifies , and why all those Towns where there are Salt-Springs and Salt made are called by the name of Wych , viz. Namptwych , Northwych , Middlewych , Droitwych . The Vessel whereinto the Brine is by troughs conveyed from the Brine-pit is called the ship . It is raised up out of the pit by a pump . Between the Furnace and the Chimney tunnels which convey up the smoke is the Hot-house where they set their Salt to dry , along the floor whereof run two Funnels from the Furnaces almost parallel to the Horizon , and then arise perpendicularly ; in these the flame and smoke running along from the Furnaces heat the Room by the way . At Droitwych in Worcestershire the Salt is boil'd in shallow leaden pans . They first put in Salt-water out of the Brine-pit . After one hours boiling they fill up the pan with water that drains from the Salt set to dry in barrows : after a second hours boiling they fill up the pan again with the same . In five hours space the pan boils dry , and they take out the Salt. In twenty four hours they boil out five pans : and then draw out the ashes : After the ashes are drawn out , they put in the white of an Egg , to cause the scum to arise [ viz. the dust and ash that fell into the pans while the ashes were drawing out ] which they take off with a scummer . After four hours they begin to take out the Salt ; and once in twenty four hours they take out a ( ake which sticks to the bottom of the pan ●which they call ●lod Salt ) otherwise the pan would melt . They told us that they use neither Bloud nor Ale. The Salt made here is extraordinary white and fine . The manner of making Salt of Sea-sand in Lancashire . IN Summer time in dry weather they Skimme or pare off the upper part of the Sand in the flats and washes that are covered at full Sea , and bare when the Tide is out , and lay it up on great heaps . Of this Sand they take and put in troughs bored with holes at the bottom , and thereon pour Water , as Laundresses do upon Ashes to make a Lixivium , which Water draining through the Sand , carries the Salt therein contained down with it into Vessels placed underneath to receive it . So long as this liquor is strong enough to bear an Egg they pour on more Water ; as soon as the Egg begins to sink they cast the sand out of the troughs , and put in new . This water thus impregnate with Salt they boil in leaden pans , wherein the water evaporating the Salt remains behind . There is also at Newcastle , Preston pans in Scotland , Whithaven in Cumberland and elsewhere great plenty of Salt made of Sea-water by boiling and evaporating in like manner , wherein they make use of Oxes Bloud . FINIS . ERRATA . PAg. 2. line 16. r. A. 24 arrha , 11. 20. dele gal . 19. 27. Foison . 25. 5. Helder . 27. ●1 . Kennan . 19. Kinnel 26. 6. dele for t . 10. lathing . 30. 4. lestal . 32. 21. bauks . 39. 21. scarr . 43. 25. sneck . 48 21. ●bony . 58. 6. nigh . 59. 24. idem . 60 9. Brine . 66. 17. to Frase . 72. 6. Huckson . 74. 10. play . 75. 13. scrow . 27. a soller . 76 4. speen , 77. 7. T●arky 79. ult . to Winnow . 82 28. Windhover . 93. 7. Sea. c●b 94. 23 , that it . 99. 17. West . 
A39127	----	A new dictionary of the canting crew in its several tribes of gypsies, beggers [sic], thieves, cheats &c., with an addition of some proverbs, phrases, figurative speeches &c. : useful for all sorts of people (especially foreigners) to secure their money and preserve their lives ; besides very diverting and entertaining being wholly new / by B.E. B. E. 1699 Approx. 318 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 94 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A39127 Wing E4 ESTC R171889 11315476 ocm 11315476 47431 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A39127) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 47431) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1460:8) A new dictionary of the canting crew in its several tribes of gypsies, beggers [sic], thieves, cheats &c., with an addition of some proverbs, phrases, figurative speeches &c. : useful for all sorts of people (especially foreigners) to secure their money and preserve their lives ; besides very diverting and entertaining being wholly new / by B.E. B. E. [182] p. Printed for W. Hawes ..., P. Gilbourne ..., and W. Davis ..., London : [1699] Reproduction of original in Harvard University Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Cant -- Dictionaries. English language -- Dialects. English language -- Slang. 2006-03 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-05 Derek Lee Sampled and proofread 2006-05 Derek Lee Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A NEW DICTIONARY OF THE Terms Ancient and Modern OF THE Canting Crew . In its several TRIBES , OF Gypsies , Beggers , Thieves , Cheats , &c. WITH An Addition of some Proverbs , Phrases , Figurative Speeches , &c. Useful for all sorts of People , ( especially Foreigners ) to secure their Money and preserve their Lives ; besides very Diverting and Entertaining , being wholly New. By B. E. Gent. LONDON , Printed for W. Hawes at the Rose in Ludgate-street , P. Gilbourne at the Corner of Chancery-lane in Fleet-street , and W. Davis ▪ at the Black Bull in Cornhill . THE PREFACE . BEfore I present the Reader , with the following Dictionary of the Beggers and Gypsies Cant , I think it not amiss to premise a few Words concerning the Beggers and Gypsies themselves , by way of an Historical Account , of the Antiquity of the one , and the Universality of the other . It makes not a little for the Honour of the Beggers , that their Original according to some Accounts , is no less Ancient than that of Christianity it self ; for in the Opinion of Charron , as the Slaves went off , the Beggers came in their Place . So much at least is granted , That the Jews who allow'd of Slaves , had no Beggers . What shall we say , but that if it be true , that the Emancipating or Freeing of Slaves was indeed the making of Beggers ; it follows that Christianity which is daily employed in Redeeming Slaves from the Turks , Ransom'd no less than all at once from Pagan Slavery at first , at no dearer a Rate , than the Rent-charge of maintaining the Beggers , as the Price and Purchace of our Freedoms . As for the Antiquity of the English Beggers , it may be observed , That the first Statute which makes Provision for the Parish-Poor , is no older than Queen Elizabeth ; from which it may be fairly Collected , That they entred with us upon the Dissolution of the Abbeys , as with them abroad , upon the Delivery of the Slaves . For the Gypsies , they and the Foul Disease have alike the Fate to run through a Geography of Names , and to be made free of as many Countries , as almost there are Languages to call them Names in ; for as the French call the Pox , the Italian Disease , they again give it to the Spaniards , as these to the French ; so the French call the Gypsies Boemie , or Bohemians , belike , because they made their first Appearance in Bohemia of any Part of Europe ; the Italians Name them Zingari or Saracens , the Spaniards Itanos as we Egyptians ; whether it be , that the Italians give them the Turks , as the Spaniards give them the Moors , as being both the next Neighbors to each ; I take not upon me to Determine , only it may be observed , betwixt the Complement of either kind , the Odds is no greater than this , of giving a Nation a Clap , or of laying a brood of Bastards at it's Door . Though Holland has no Beggers , if the Dutch themselves are not the greatest Beggers in the World ; and Switzerland has no Thieves , if the Swiss who are altogether Soldiers , are not the greatest of Thieves . Yet , I say , neither the States that are without Beggers , nor the Cantons that are without Thieves , are notwithstanding either the one or the other , without Gypsies . So as what they want of Beggers and Thieves in point of Antiquity , the Gypsies claim above both , in point of Universality . But though Gypsies are found in all Christian Countries , yet are they not in all Countries alike ; their Nature and Genius being diverse , in proportion to the Countries amongst whom they Stroul ; so that the same Question remains upon them , as is started of the Winds , as Universal Travellers as the Gypsies , that it seems a Doubt , Whether they partake more of the Nature of the Countries whence they rise , or of those through which they Pass ? Nor is it also new to meet the Beggers and the Proverbs together , for the Fashion is as old as Plautus , who puts the Proverbs and the Jests in the Mouth of his Slaves . And in the Character of Sancho Pancha , Cervantes has Trod in the same Steps ; in the History of Don Quixot , Sancho being distinguished no less by his Proverbs , than his Asse . And between the Slaves and the Beggers , the Difference is no greater , than between Fathers and their Heirs . If some Terms and Phrases of better Quality and Fashion , keep so ill Company , as Tag-Rag and Long-Tail ; you are to remember , that it is no less then Customary , for Great Persons a broad to hide themselves often in Disguises among the Gypsies ; and even the late L. of Rochester among us , when time was , among other Frolicks , was not ashamed to keep the Gypsies Company . A NEW DICTIONARY . A B A B A Bram-cove , c. a Naked or poor Man , also a lusty strong Rogue . Abram-men , c. the seventeenth Order of the Canting-crew . Beggers antickly trick'd up with Ribbands , Red Tape , Foxtails , Rags , &c. pretending Madness to palliate their Thefts of Poultrey , Linnen , &c. A C Academy , c. a Bawdy-house , also an University , or School to learn Genteleman like Exercises . Accoutrements , c. fine rigging ( now ) for Men or Women , ( formerly ) only Trappings for Horses . Well accoutred , c. gentilly dress'd . Acquests , and Acquisitions , the rights of Fortune purchased by Labour , Arts or Arms , oppos'd to Hereditary and Paternal . Acteon , a Cuckold . Acteon'd , Cuckolded , or made a Cuckold of . A D A D Adam's-ale , Water . Adam-tiler , c. a Pickpocket's Camerade , who receives Stolen Money or Goods , and scowers off with them . Addle-pate , one full of Whimsies and Projects , and as empty of Wit. Addle-plot , a Martinmar-all . Adrift , loose . I 'll turn ye adrift , a Tar-phrase ; I 'll prevent ▪ ye doing me any harm . A F Affidavit-men , Knights of the Post , Mercenary Swearers for Hire , Inhabitants ( formerly ) of White Friers , now dispersed . Aft and Abaft , towards the Stern , or hinder Part of the Ship. A I Aim , Endeavour or Design . To aim , or level at a Mark , he has mist his Aim or End. Air of a Song the Tune . Air of a Face or Picture , the Configuration and consent of Parts in each . Airy , Light , brisk , pleasant ; also a Nest of Hawks . He is an Airy Fellow . A L Alabaster , mixt by all the knavish Perfumers with the Hair-Powder they sell , to make it weigh heavy , being of it self very cheap , that their Gain may be the greater , found destructive to the Hair and Health . Alsatia White Friers . Alsatia the higher , the same . Alsatia the lower , the Mint in Southwark . Alsatians , the Inhabitants , such as , broken Gentlemen , Tradesmen , &c. Lurking there . Allay , the Embasing of a purer and finer Metal , by mixing it with an inferior or coarser Metal , as of pale Gold with a Silver-Allay , or of deep Gold with an Allay of Copper ; also whatever is used to qualify what is bitter or nauseous in Compositions , as gilding of Pills , sweetning of Boluses , or Powders . Aloft , above or over Head ; also anciently an Upper-room or Garret , now more us'd in Compounds , as Cock-loft , Hay-loft , &c. Altemall , altogether . Altitudes , the Man is in his Altitudes , he is Drunk . A M Ambidexter , one that goes snacks in gaming with both Parties ; also a Lawyer that takes Fees of Plaintif and Defendant at once . Ambient-Air , Air abroad oppos'd to that pent and shut up in Wells , Vaults , Caves , &c. Or else the outward Air in the House , oppos'd to that shut up in the Cavities of Vessels , Glasses , Vials , &c. Ambrol , among the Tarrs for Admiral . Amphibious Creatures of a doubtful kind , or of a double Element ; as a Bat is between a Bird and a Beast ; an Otter between a Beast and a Fish ; and a Puffin with the rest of the Sea-Fowl , between Fowl and Fish . Amuse , to throw dust in one's Eyes , by diverting one from a serious Thought to a pleasant one . Amusement , a Blind or Disengagement from deep Thoughts to more Diverting . A N An Ark , c. a Boat or Wherry . Anglers , c. Cheats , petty Thievs , who have a Stick with a hook at the end , with which they pluck things out of Windows , Grates , &c. also those that draw in People to be cheated . Animal , a Fool. He is a meer Animal , he is a very silly Fellow . Antechambers , forerooms for receiving of Visits , as the back and Drawing Rooms are for Lodgings , anciently called Dining-rooms . Antidote , a very homely Woman , also a medicine against Poyson . Antient , at Sea , for Ensign , or Flag . Anticks , little Images on Stone , on the out side of old Churches . Antick postures or dresses , such as are odd , ridiculous and singular , the habits and motions of Fools , Zanies , or Merry-andrews , of Mountebanks , with Ribbands , mismatched colours and Feathers . Antiquary , a curious Critick in old Coins , Stones and Inscriptions , in Worm-eaten Records , and ancient Manuscripts ; also one that affects and blindly doats , on Relicks , Ruins , old Customs , Phrases and Fashions . Antiquated Rogue , Old , out of date , that has forgot or left off his Trade of Thieving , &c. also superannuated , obsolete Customs , or Words , such as are worn out , out of use and Fashion . A P Apart , severally , asunder . Apartments , Rooms apart , private Lodgings , inner Chambers , secret and withdrawn from the rest . Recesses of the House opposed to the Ante chambers . A R Arack , an East-Indian Brandy , or strong Spirit drawn from Rice , and ( sometimes ) Roes of Fish , best when old , much us'd in Punch , the double distill'd Goa most esteem'd . Arch , Rogue , Witty. Wag , Pleasant . Whore , Cunning. Arms , to bear Arms , a Profession not unbecoming a Gentleman , for Books and Arms are Gentlemens Burdens . Armour , in his Armour Pot-valiant . Aristippus , a Diet-drink , or Decoction of Sarsa , China , &c. Sold at certain Coffee-houses , and drank as Tea . Arsworm , a little diminutive Fellow . A S Ascendant , Power , Influence , as , he has the Ascendant over him , or an Hank upon him ; also the Horoscope , or point of the Ecliptic that rises at one's Nativity . Assig , now us'd for Assignation , an Appointment or meeting . Assuming , conceited , as , an Assuming Fellow , one that abounds in his own Sense , and imposes it upon every Man else . Assurance , Confidence , as , a Man of Assurance , one that has a stock of Confidence . A U Aunt , a Bawd , as one of my Aunts , one of the same Order . Autem , c. a Church , also Married . Autem-mort , c. a Married-woman , also the Twenty fourth Order of the Canting Tribe , Travelling , Begging ( and often Stealing ) about the Country , with one Child in Arms , another on Back , and ( sometimés ) leading a third in the Hand . Auxiliary-beauty . Dress , Paint , Patches , setting of Eye-brows , and licking the Lipps with red . B Babler , a great Talker . Backt , dead , as he wishes the old Man backt , he longs to have his Father upon six Mens shoulders , or as his Back 's up , he is in a fume , or angry . Bacon , as he sav'd his Bacon , he has escap'd with a whole Skin . A good voice to beg Bacon , said in jear of an ill voice . Badge , a mark of Distinction among poor People ; as , Porters , Water-men , Parish-Pensioners and Hospital-boys , Blew-coats and Badges being the ancient Liveries . Badgers , they that buy up a quantity of Corn and hoard it up in the same Market , till the price rises ; or carry it to another , where it bears a better . Also a Beast for sport , Badger Eartheth , Lodgeth . Badjob , an ill bout , bargain , or business . Baffle , to worst , or defeat . A baffled Cause , worsted , defeated . Baggage , a Whore or Slut. Bagonet or Bionet , a Dagger . Bail-dock , the place in the Court , where the Prisoners are kept till called to be Arraign'd . Balsom , c. Money . Balderdash , ill , unpleasant , unwholesom mixtures of Wine , Ale , &c. Banbury-story ▪ of a Cock and a Bull , silly chat . Banditti , Highway-men , ( Horse or Foot ) Rogues of any kind , now , but strictly Italian Outlaws . Bandog , a Bailiff , or his Follower , a Sergeant , or his Yeoman ; also a very fierce Mastive . Bandore , a Widows mourning Peak ; also a Musical Instrument . Bandy , a play at Ball with a Bat ; also to follow a Faction . Bandy-legg'd , crooked . Bang , a blow , to Bang , to beat . Banillas , a Seed growing in a Cod , somewhat resembling a Kidney-bean , on Trees in the Indies , much us'd in Chocolate . Banter , a pleasant way of prating , which seems in earnest , but is in jest , a sort of ridicule , What do you banter me ? i. e. do you pretend to impose upon me , or to expose me to the Company , and I not know your meaning . Bantling , a Child . Barker , a Salesman's Servant that walks before the Shop , and cries , Cloaks , Coats , or Gowns , what d' ye lack , Sir ? Barketh , the Noise a Fox makes at Rutting time . Barnacle , c. a good job , or a snack easily got , also Fish growing on Ships sides when foul , and a Brake for unruly Horses Noses , also the Gratuity to Jockeys , for selling or buying Horses . Barnadcles , c. the Irons Fellons wear in Goal . Bar-wig , between a bob and a long one . Basset . a Game at Cards . Baste , to beat , as , I 'll baste your sides Sirrah , I 'll bang you lustily . Bastonado-ing , a Cudgelling . Batten , c. to Fatten . Battner , c. an Ox. Batter , the Ingredients for a Pudding or Pan-cake , when they are all mixt and stirred together . Battery , beating , assault , also , striking with the Edge and feble of one's Sword , upon the edge and feble of his Adversaries . Batter'd-bully , an old well cudgell'd and bruis'd huffing Fellow . Baubee , a half-penny . Baubels , c. Jewels , also trifles and Childrens Play-things . Bawdy-baskets , c. the Twenty third Rank of Canters , with Pins , Tape , Obscene Books , &c. to sell , but live more by Stealing . Bawdy-batchelors , that live long Unmarried . Bawdy-house-bottle , a very small one . Bay-windows , embowed , as of old , standing out from the rest of the Building . Stand at bay , as Deer will , when closely pursued , or being hard run , turn Head against the Hounds . B E Beach , the Sea-shore . or Strand . Bear-garden-discourse , common , filthy , nasty Talk. If it had been a Bear it would have bit you , of him that makes a close search after what just Iies under his Nose . As good take a Bear by the Tooth , of a bold desperate Undertaking . Go like the Bear to the Stake , or hang an Arse . As many tricks as a dancing Bear ▪ or more than are good . Beard splitter , an enjoyer of Women . Beateth , the noise a Hare makes at Rutting time . Beating , striking the Feble of the Adversary's Sword , with the Fort and edge of one's own . Beau , a silly Fellow that follows the Fashions nicely , Powdering his Neck , Shoulders , &c. Beautrap , a Sharper . Beck , c. a Beedle . Beetle-head , a heavy dull Block-head . Beldam , a scolding old Woman . Belle , a nice , gay , fluttring foolish Woman that follows every Fashion , also fair . Belloweth , see Roe . Belly-cheat , c. an Apron . Belsh , all Mault drinks . Belweather , chief or Leader of the Flock , Master of misrule , also a clamorous noisy Man. Bene. c. good . Bene-cove , c. a good Fellow . Bene-ship , c. very good , also Worship . Bene-bowse , c. strong Liquor , or very good Drink . Bene-darkmans , c. good night . Benfeakers of Gybes , c. Counterseiters of Passes . Benefit of Clergy , see Neck-verse . Ben , a Fool. Bennish , Foolish . Beside-himself , distracted , beside the Cushion , a mistake , beside the Lighter , in a bad condition . Besom , a Broom . Bestrid , Mounted or got up astride . Bess , c. bring bess and glym , c. forget not the Instrument to break open the Door and the Dark-lanthorn . Betty , c. a small Engin to force open the Doors of Houses ; also , a quarter Flask of Wine . Bever , an afternoon's Lunchion . Beveridge , a Garnish-money , for any thing ; also Wine and Water . Bevy , a company of Roes , Quails , &c. Bevy Grease . Roes fat . Bewildred , at a stand or nonplus in Business , not knowing what to do , also lost in a Wood. B I Biddy , a Chicken , also Bridget . Big , choice Barley-making , the belt Mault . Biggin , a Woman's Coif . Biggot , an obstinate blind Zealot . Biggotry , an obstinate blind Zeal . Bil-boa , c. a Sword. Bite the Bil from the Cull c. whip the Sword from the Gentleman's side . Bilk , c. to cheat . Bilk the Ratling-cove , c. to sharp the Coach-man of his hire . Bilk'd , c. defeated , disappointed . Billeting . Foxes Excrements . Billeting of Soldiers , Quartering them . Billet-deux , a Love-letter . Bill-of sale , a Bandore , or Widow's Peak . Billingsgate-dialect , Scolding , ill Language , foul Words . Binding , securing the Adversary's Sword with Eight or ten Inches of one's one , upon Five or six of his . Bing , c. to go , &c. Bing awast , c. get you hence . Bing'd awast in a Darkmans , c. stole away in the Night-time . Bing we to Rume vile . c go we to London . Bingo , c. Brandy . Bingo-boy , c. a great Drinker or Lover thereof . Bingo-club , c. a set of Rakes , Lovers of that Liquor . Birds of a Feather , c. Rogues of the same gang ; also , those of the same Profession , Trade or Employment . To kill two Brids with one Stone , to dispatch two Businesses at one Stroke . Bird-witted , Wild-headed , not Solid or Stayed , opposed to a Sober-Wit . Bit , c. Robb'd , Cheated or Out-witted . Also Drunk , as , he has bit his Grannam ; he is very Drunk . Bit the Blow , c. accomplish'd the Theft , plaied the Cheat , or done the Feat : You have Bit a great ▪ Blow , c. you have Robb'd some body of a great deal , or to a considerable value . Bite , c. a Rogue , Sharper or Cheat ; also a Womans Privities . Bite the Biter , c. to Rob the Rogue , Sharp the Sharper , or Cheat the Cheater . Bite the Cully , c. to put the cheat on the silly Fellow . Bite the Roger , c. to Steal the Portmanteau . Bite the Wiper , c. to Steal the Hand-kerchief . The Cull wapt the Morts bite . c. the Fellow enjoyed the Whore briskly . He will not bite , or swallow the Bait. He won't be drawn in , to bite on the bit ; to be pinched , or reduced to hard Meat , a scanty or sorry sort of Living . Bitter-cold , very Cold , B L Black and White , under one's Hand , or in Writing . Blab , a Sieve of Secrets , a very prating Fellow that tells all he knows . Black-box , a Lawyer . Black-coat , a Parson . Black-guard , Dirty , Nasty , Tatter'd roguish Boys , that attend ( at the Horse-Guards ) to wipe Shoes , clean Boots , water Horses , or run of Errands . Blackjack , a Leather-Jug to drink in . Black-Indies , Newcastle , from whence the Coals are brought Blackmuns , c. Hoods and Scarves of Alamode and Lustrings . Black-mouth , foul , malicious , Railing , or Reflecting . Blacken , to blast or asperse . Black-spy , c. the Devil . Blank , baffled , down-look't , sheepish , guilty . Bleak , sharp , piercing Weather . Bleach , to whiten . Bleaters , c. they that are cheated by Jack-in-a box . Bleating-cheat , c. a Sheep . Bleed freely , c. part with their Money easily ▪ Blemish , when Hounds or Beagles find where the Chace has been , and make a proffer to enter , but return . Blew-John , Wash , or Afterwort . Blind-cheeks , the Breech . Kiss my Blind-cheeks , Kiss my Ar — Blind-excuse , a sorry shift . A Blind Ale-house , or Blind Lane , obscure , of no Sign , Token , or Mark. Blind-harpers , c. Beggers counterfeiting blindness , with Harps or Fiddles . Blind-man's-buff , a play us'd by Children blindfolded . Bluffed , contracted from Blind-man's-buff , he that is Blinded in the Play. Blind-man's-holiday , when it is too dark to see to Work. Blind side , every Man 's weak Part. Bloated , Smoked Herings ; also , one puffed or swelled with false Fat , and has not a Healthy Complexion . Blobber-lipp'd , very thick , hanging down , or turning over . Block , a filly Fellow . Block-houses , c. Prisons , also Forts upon Rivers . Blockish , Stupid . Blockstock , See Block . Bloss , c. a Thief or Shop-lift , also , a Bullies pretended Wife , or Mistress , whom he guards , and who by her Trading supports him , also a Whore. Blot the Skrip and jark it , c. to stand Engaged , or be Bound for any body . Blot in the Tables , what is fair to be hit . Blot in a Scutcheon , a blemish or imputation upon any one . Bloud , 't will breed ill Bloud , of what will produce a misunderstanding or Difference . Blower , c. a Mistress , also a Whore. Blowing , c. the same . Blow-off-on the grounsills , c. to lie with a Woman on the Floor or Stairs . Blown upon , seen by several , or slighted ; not blown upon , a secret piece of News or Poetry , that has not taken air , spick and span-new . To blow Hot and Cold with a Breath , or play fast and loose . Blow off the loose corns , c. to Lie now and then with a Woman . It is blow'd , c. it is made publick , and all have notice . Blubber , Whale-oyl , ( imperfect . ) Blubbering , much Crying . Bluffer , c. a Host , Inn-keeper or Victualler , to look bluff , to look big , or like Bull-beef . Blunder , an Ignorant Mistake . Blunderbuss , a Dunce , an unganely ▪ Fellow , also a short Gun carrying Twenty Pistol-Bullets at one Charge . Bluster , to huff , a blustring Fellow , a rude ratling Fellow . Boar , see wild Boar. B O Boarding-school , c. Bridewell . Boarding-scholars , c. Bridewell-birds . Bob , c. a Shop-lift's camrade , affistant , or receiver ; also a very short Periwig , and for Robert. It 's all bob , c. all is safe , the Bet is secured Bob'd , c. Cheated , Trick'd , Disappointed , or Baulk'd . Bob-tail , a light Woman , also a short Arrow-head . Bode-ill , to presage or betoken ill . Also in Holland , a Bode is a Messinger , attending the Burgo-Masters , and executing their Orders . Bodle , Six make a Penney , Scotch Coin. Boer , a Country-Fellow or Clown . Boerish , Rude , Unmannerly , Clownish . Boggs , Irish Fastnesses or Marshes . Bog-houses , Privies . Bog-landers , Irish Men. Bog-trotters , Scotch or North Country Moss-troopers or High-way Men formerly , and now Irish Men. Boisterous Fellow or Sea , Blustering , Rude , Rough. Boldface , Impudent . A Bold Harbour , where Ships may Ride at Anchor with safety , a bold Shore where Ships may Sail securely . Bolter of White Friers , c. one that Peeps out , but dares not venture abroad , as a Coney bolts out of the Hole in a Warren , and starts back again . Bolting , the leaping by one's Adversary's Left-side quite out of all measure . Boltsprit , a Nose . He has broke his Boltsprit , he has lost his Nose with the Pox. Bombast-poetry , in Words of lofty Sound and humble Sense . Bone , c. to Apprehend , Seize , Take or Arrest . I 'll Bone ye , c. I 'll cause you to be Arrested . We shall be Bon'd , c. we shall be Apprehended for the Robbery . The Cove is Bon'd and gon to the Whit , c. the Rogue is taken up and carried to Newgate , or any other Goal . The Cull has Bon'd the Fen , ( for Fence ) or Bloss that bit the Blow , c. the Man has Taken the Thief that Robb'd his House , Shop , or Pickt his Pocket . He has bit his Blow , but if he be Bon'd , he must shove the Tumbler , c. he has Stole the Goods , or done the Feat , but if he be Taken , he 'll be Whipt at the Cart-tail . I have Bon'd her Dudds , Fagg'd , and Brush'd , c. I have took away my Mistress Cloathes , Beat her , and am troop'd off . Boning the Fence , c. finding the Goods where Conceal'd , and Seizing , he made no bones of it , he swallow'd it without Drinking after it . Bonny-clapper , sower Butter-milk . Booby , a dull heavy Lob. Booberkin , the same . Boon , a Gift , Reward , or Gratification . Boon-companion , a merry Drinking Fellow . Boot , a Scotch Torture , or Rack , for the Leg , is to draw to Confession . What Boots it ? What Avails it ? Booty-play , False , Cheating , also Plunder , he Bowls Booty , when great Odds are laid , and he goes Halves , his Cast is designed by Bad. Boracho , a But , a Drunkard , and a Hogskin . Borde , c. a Shilling , half a Borde , c. Sixpence . Bordel-lo , a Bawdy-House . Boreson or Bauson , a Badger . Bottle-head , void of Wit. Bottom , a Man of no Bottom , of no Bafis of Principles , or no settlement of Fortune , or of no Ground in his Art. Let every Tub stand on it 's own Bottom , or every one look to his own footing . A Tale of a Tub with the Bottom out , a sleeveless frivolous Tale. Boughs , he is up in the Boughs , or a top of the House , of one upon the Rant , or in a great Ferment . Bounce , to boast and vapour . A meer Bounce , a Swaggering Fellow . Bouncer , c. a Bully . Bout , a Tryal , Act , Essay . Bowse , c. Drink , or to Drink , see Benbowse and Rumbowse . Bowsy . c. Drunk . We Bows'd it about , we Drank damn'd hard . Bowsingken , c. an Ale-house . The Cul tipt us a Hog , which we melted in Rumbowse , c. the Gentleman gave us a Shilling , which we spent in Strong Dink . Box , to Fight with the Fists . Box it about Boys , Drink briskly round . In a wrong Bow , of one that has taken wrong measures , or made alse steps . A pretty Box , a Compleat little House , also a small drinking place . B R Bracket-face , Ugly , Homely , Illfavor'd . Bragget , Meed , and Ale sweetned with Honey . Brag , Braggadoeio , A vapouring , Swaggering , Bullying Fellow . Brat , a little Child . Branchers , Canary-Birds of the first Year . Bravado , a Vapouring , or Bouncing . Bravo , a Mercenary Murderer , that will Kill any Body . Brawl , Squabble , or Quarrel . To Brangle , and Brawl , to Squabble and Scold . Brazen-fac'd , Bold , Impudent , Audacious . Bread and Cheese Bowling-green , a very ord'nary one , where they play for Drink and Tobacco . all wet , as 't is called . Bread and Cheese Constables , that trats their Neighbors and Friends at their coming into Office with such mean Food only . Breaking Shins , c. borrowing of Money . Breast , in the breast of the Judge , what he keeps in Reserve , or Suspence . Briers , in the Briers , in trouble . Brook , he cannot brook it , bear or endure it . Brickle , Brittle , apt to Break. Bristol-milk , Sherry . Bristol-stone , Sham-Diamonds . Broach'd , Opinion or Doctrine , Published , Divulged . Brimming , a Boor's copulating with a Sow , also now us'd for a Man 's with — Brim , or Brimstone , a very Impudent , Lew'd Woman . Brock , see Hart. Brock's Sister , see Hind . Broke , Officers turn'd out of Commission , Traders Absconding , Quitting their Business and Paying no Debts . Bromigham-conscience , very bad , Bromigham-protestants , Dissenters or Whiggs . Bromigham-wine , Balderdash , Sophisticate Taplash . Brother-starling , that Lies with the same Woman , or Builds in the same Nest . Brother of the Blade , a Sword-Man or Soldier . Gussit , a Pimp , Procurer , also , a Whore-Master . Quill , of the Scribbling Tribe . String , a Fidler , or Musician . Brothel-house , a Bawdy House . Brow-beat . to Cow , to Daunt , to awe with Big Looks , or Snub . Brown-study , a Deep Thought or Speculation . Brush , c. to Fly or Run away . The Cully is Brusht or Rub'd , c. the Fellow is march'd off , or Broke . Bought a Brush , c. Run away : Also a small Faggot , to light the other at Taverns , and a Fox's Tail. Brusher , c. an exceeding full Glass . B U Bub , c. Drin̄k . Rum-bub , c. very good Tip. Bub , or Bubble , c. one that is Cheated ; also an Easy , Soft Fellow . Bubber , c. a drinking Bowl ; also a great Drinker , and he that used to Steal Plate from Publick-houses . Bube , c. the Pox. The Mort has tipt the Bube upon the Cully , c the Wench has Clapt the Fellow . Buckaneers , West-Indian Pirates , of several Nations ; also the Rude Rabble in Jamaica . Buckle , to Bend or give Way . He 'll buckle to no Man , he won't Yield or Stoop to any Man. Buck , Great Buck , the Sixth Year . Buck of the first Head , the Fifth Year , a Sore , the Fourth Year , a Sorel , the Third Year , a Pricket , the Second Year , a Fawn , the First Year . A Buck Lodgeth . Rouze the Buck , Dislodge him . A Buck Growneth or Troateth , makes a Noise at Rutting time . Buck-fitches , c. old Leacherous , Nasty , Stinking Fellows ; also He Polecats , and their Fur Buck's Face , a Cuckold . Buck , Copulation of Conies Bucksom , Wanton , Merry . Budge , c. one that slips into an House in the Dark , and taketh Cloaks , Coats , or what comes next to Hand , marching off with them ; also Lambs-fur , and to stir , or move . Standing Budge , c. the Thieves Scout or Perdu . Bufe , c. a Dog. Buffcoat , a Soldier , or Redcoat . Buffer , c. a Rogue that kills good sound Horses , only for their Skins , by running a long Wyre into them , and sometimes knocking them on the Head , for the quicker Dispatch . Buffenapper , c. a Dogstealer , that Trades in Setters , Hounds , Spaniels ▪ Lap , and all sorts of Dogs , Selling them at a round Rate , and himself or Partner Stealing them away the first opportunity . Buffers-nab , c. a Dog's Head , used in a Counterfeit Seal to a false Pass . Buffle-head , a Foolish Fellow . Buffoon , a Great Man's Jester or Fool. Buffoonery , Jesting or playing the Fool 's Part. To stand Buff , to stand Tightly or Resolutely to any thing . Bugher , c. a Dog. Bugging , G. taking Money by Bailiffs and Serjeants of the Defendant not to Arrest him . Busy-bodies , Pryers into other Folks Concerns , such as thrust their Sickle in another's Harvest ; and will have an Oar in every Boat. As busy as a Hen with one Chick , of one that has a great deal of business and nothing to do Bulchim , a Chubbingly Boy or Lad. Bulls-Eye , c. a Crown or Five shilling Piece . Bull-head , see Miller's Thumb . Bull , an absurd contradiction or incongruity ; also false Hair worn ( formerly much ) by Women . A Town-bull , a Whore-master . To look like Bull-beef ▪ to look Big and Grim. Bulk and File , c. one jostles while the other Picks the Pocket . Bulker , c. one that lodges all Night on Shop-windows and Bulkheads . Bulky , strong like common Oyl , also of large bulk or size . Bullet-headed , a dull silly Fellow . Bully , c. a supposed Husband to a Bawd , or Whore ; also a husfing Fellow . Bully huff , c. a poor sorry Rogue that haunts Bawdy-houses , and pretends to get Money out of Gentlemen and others , Ratling and Swearing the Whore is his Wife , calling to his assistance a parcel of Hectors . Bully-fop , c. a Maggot-pated , huffing , silly ratling Fellow . Bully-rock , c. a Hector , or Bravo . Bully-ruffins , c. Highway-men , or Padders . Bully-trap , c. or Trapan , c. a Sharper , or Cheat. Bum , a Bailiff , or Serjeant ; also one's Breech . Bumbast , see Bombast . Bumbaste , to Beat much , or hard , on the Breech . Bumble , Cloaths setting in a heap , or ruck . Bumfodder , what serves to wipe the Tail. Bumpkin , a Country Fellow or Clown . Bumper , a full Glass . Bundletail , a short Fat or squat Lass . Bungler , an unperforming Husband , or Mechanic . Bung , c. a Purse , Pocket , or Fob . Bung-nipper , c. a Cutpurse , or Pickpocket . Claying the Bung , c. cutting the Purse , or Picking the Pocket . Bunting-time , when the Grass is high enough to hide the young Men and Maids . Buntlings , c. Petty-coats . Hale up the Mainbuntlings , c. take up the Woman's Pettycoats . Bunny , a Rabbit . Bur ▪ a Cloud , or dark Circle about the Moon , boding Wind and Rain ; also the part next to the Deer's Head. Burlesque , Raillery in Verse , or Verse in Ridicule . Burnish , to spread , or grow broad ; also to refresh Plate , being the Trade of a Burnisher , depending on Gold and Silver-Smiths . Burnt , Poxt , or swingingly Clapt . Burnt the Town , when the Soldiers leave the Place without paying their Quarters . Burre , a Hanger on , or Dependant . Bustle , a Fray , Stir , Tumult in the Streets ; also a Noise in any Place . What a Bustle you make ▪ What a Hurry or Rattle you Cause ? Bustle about , to be very Stirring , or bestir one's Stumps . Butcher'd , Barbarously Murder'd on the Ground , or Kill'd before his Sword is out ; also in Cold Bloud . Butter , c. to double or treble the Bet or Wager to recover all Losses : No Butter will stick on his Bread , nothing thrives or goes forward in his Hand . He knows on which side his Bread is Butter'd , or the Stronger side , and his own Interest . Butter-boxes , Dutchmen . Butter'd Bun , Lying with a Woman that has been just Layn with by another Man. Buttock , c. a Whore. Buttock-broker , a Bawd , also a Match-maker . A Buttock and File , c. both Whore and Pickpocket . Buttock and Twang , or a downright Buttock and sham File , c. a Common Whore but no Pickpocket . Buzzard , c. a foolish soft Fellow , easily drawn in and Cullied or Trickt . B Y By-blow , a Bastard . C Cabal , a secret Junto of Princes , a seated knot of Statesmen , or of Conspirators against the State in Counter-Cabal . Cabbage , a Taylor , and what they pinch from the Cloaths they make up ; also that part of the Deer's Head where the Horns are Planted . Cabob , a Loin of Mutton Roasted with an Onyon betwixt each joint ; a Turkish and Persian Dish but now used in England . Cacafuego , a Shite-fire ; also a furious fierce Felow . Cackle , c. to discover . The Cull Cackles , c. the Rogue tells all . Cackling-cheats , c. Chickens , Cocks or Hens . Cackling-farts , c. Eggs. Cadet , or Cadee , a Gentleman that Bears Arms in hopes of a Commission ; also a younger Brother . Caffan , c. Cheese . Cakehis , Cake is Dough , of a Miscarriage or failure of Business . The Devil ow'd her a Cake , and has pai'd her a Loaf , when instead of a small , a very great Disaster , or Misfortune has happen'd to a Woman . Call , a Lesson , Blowed on the Horn to comfort the Hounds . Caliver , a small Sea-Gun . Calle , c. a Cloak or Gown . Cambridge-Fortune , a Woman without any Substance . Cameleon-Diet , Air , or a very thin slender Diet. Cameronians , Field-Conventiclers , ( in Scotland ) great outward Zealots , and very squeemish Precisians . Camesa , c. a Shirt or Shift . Campaign-coat , Originally only such as Soldiers wore , but afterwards a Mode in Cities . See Surtout . Canary-Bird , a little Arch or Knavish , a very Wag. Cane upon Abel , a good Stick or Cudgel well-favoredly laid on a Man's Shoulders . Canal , a Channel , Kennel , Pipe , Passage , fine Pond , or small River . Cannal , choice Coals , very Fat or Pitchy that Blaze and Burn pleasantly . Canibal , a cruel rigid Fellow in dealing ; also Men-Eaters . Cank , c. Dumb. The Cull's Cank , c. the Rogue 's Dumb. Cannikin , c. the Plague , also ( among the Dutch ) a little Kan with a Spout to pour out the Wine or ▪ Beer , making it Froth As great as Cup and Cann ; or as great as two Inkle-makers . Cant , c. to speak , also ( Cheshire ) to grow Strong and Lusty ; also to Kick or throw any thing away . Canterbury , a sort of a short or Hand-gallop ; from the Road leading to that famous City ( of Kent ) on which they Ride ( for the most part ) after that manner . Canting , c. the Cypher or Mysterious Language , of Rogues , Gypsies , Beggers , Thieves , &c. Canting-crew , c. Beggers , Gypsies ; also Dissenters in Conventicles , who affect a disguised Speech , and disguised Modes of Speaking , and distinguish themselves from others by a peculiar Snuffle and Tone , as the Shibboleth of their Party ; as Gypsies and Beggers have their peculiar Jargon ; and are known no less by their several Tones in Praying , than Beggers are by their whining Note in Begging . Cap , c. to Swear . I 'll Cap downright , c. I 'll Swear home . Or ( in another Sense ) he may fling up his Cap after it ▪ when a thing or business is past Hope . Capitation Drugget , a Cheap , Slight Stuff , called so from the Tax of that Name . Capricious , Whimsical ▪ Fantastic , Freakish . Captain-Hackum , c. a Fighting , Blustring Bully . Captain-Queere-nabs , c. a Fellow in poor Cloths , or Shabby . Captain-sharp , c. a great Cheat ; also a Huffing , yet Sneaking , Cowardly Bully ; and a noted English Buckaneer . Captain-Tom , a Leader of , and the Mob . Captious , Touchy , Snuffy , apt to take Exception . Caravan , c. a good round sum of Money about a Man , and him that is Cheated of it ; also a great Convoy of Arabian , Grecian , Persian , Turkish , and other Merchants , Travelling with Camels from Place to Place ; also a sort of Wagon . Carbuncle-Face , very Red and full of large Pimples ▪ Card-Wool , to cleanse and prepare it for Spinning : Also a Game ; a sure Card , a trusty Tool , or Confiding Man ; a cooling Card , cold comfort , no hope ; a Leading Card , an Example or Precedent . Cargo , c. a good round Sum of Money about a Man ; also the Lading of a Ship. Carouse , to Drink hard , or Quaff heartily . Carpet-road , Level and very good . Carriers , Pigeons that will with safety , and almost incredible Swiftness convey Letters from one Place to another , much used at Smyrna and Aleppo ; also Milk-womens Hirelings , or Servants , that carry the Pail Morning and Evening . Carrots , Red hair'd People , from the Colour of the well known Root of that Name , whence came Carrot-pated , used in derision . Carted-Whore , Whipt publickly , and packt out of Town . The Cart before the Horse , of a thing preposterous , and out of Place . Cash , c. Cheese . Case , c. a House , Shop , or Ware-house ; also a Bawdy-house . Toute the Case , c. to view , mark , or eye the House or Shop ▪ There 's a peerey , 't is snitcht , c. there are a great many People , there 's no good to be don . 'T is all Bob , and then to dub the gigg , c. now the coast is clear , there 's good Booty , let 's fall on , and Rob the House . A Case fro , c. a Whore that Plies in a Bawdy-house . Caster , c. a Cloak . Cast , to Bowl . A bad cast , an ill laid Bowl , or at great distance from the Jack . He is Cast for Felon and Dose , c. found guilty of Felony and Burglary . Cat , a common Whore or Prostitute . Catch-fart , a Foot-Boy . Catching-harvest , when the Weather is Showery and Unsettled . Catch-pole , a Serjeant , or Bayliff that Arrests People . Cat-in-pan , turn'd , of one that has chang'd Sides or Parties . Who shall hang the Bell about the Cat 's Neck , said of a desperate Undertaking . Catchup , a high East-India Sauce . Caterwauling , Men and Women desirous of Copulation , a Term borrowed from Cats . Cathedral , old-fashioned , out of Date , Ancient ; also a chief Church in a Bishop's See. Catharpin-fashion , when People in Company Drink cross , and not round about from the Right to to the Left , or according to the Sun's motion ; also small Ropes to keep the Shrouds , taut or tight , and the Mast from Rolling . Catting , drawing a Fellow through a Pond with a Cat. Catstick ▪ used by Boies at Trap-ball . Cattle , Whores . Sad Cattle , Impudent Lewd Women . Catmatch , c. when a Rook is Engag'd amongst bad Bowlers . Cavalcade , a publick Show on Horseback . Cavaulting School , c. a Bawdy-house . Caudge-paw'd , Left Handed . Caveating , or Disengaging , slipping the Adversary's Sword , when 't is going to bind or secure one's own . Caw handed , awkward not dextrous , ready or nimble . C H Changeable-ribbon , or Silks , of diverse Colours , resembling those of Doves-necks , or of the Opal Stone . Chafe , in a great Chafe , a great heat or pet . To Chafe , to fret or fume . Chafing , fretting or fuming , Chafing and fretting , being the same with fretting and fuming , hence a Chafing dish , that carries Fire . Chaft , c. well beaten or bang'd ; also much rub'd or bath'd . Chagrin , moody , out of humour , pensive , melancholy , much troubled . Chalk , used in Powder by the Perfumers to mix with their Grounds ; and also scented Hair-Powders , being cheap and weighing heavy ; found to Burn and destroy Wiggs and all Hair in general . Chanticlere , a Cock. Chape , the Tip at the End of a Fox's Tail ; also the Cap at the End of the Scabbard of a Sword. Character , a distinguishing Sign or Mark of Distinction , the same among Great Men or Ministers , that a Badge is among Low and little People . As a Man of Character , of Mark or Note , as Privy-Chancellors Judges , Foreign Ministers , Ministers of State , &c. Chare-women , Underdrudges , or Taskers , assistants to Servantmaids . Char , a Task or Work. A good Char well Char'd , a Work well over . Chates , c. the Gallows . Chat , Talk , Prate . Chatter , to Talk fast or jabber . Chattering Fellow , a noisy prating Man. Chatts , c. Lice . Squeeze the Chatts , c. to Crack or Kill those Vermin . Cheap , Contemptible . How Cheap you make your self , how Contemptible you render your self or undervaluevour self . Chear , good or bad , high or ordinary fare . How Chear you ? How fare you ? Chear up , be of good courage , hence chearful , or chearly , for one in Heart , or that keeps up his Spirits ; prety chearly , indifferent hearty or lightsom . Cheats , Sharpers , which see ; also Wristbands or sham Sleeves worn ( in good Husbandry ) for true , or whole ones . Chicken , a feeble , little creature , of mean Spirit ; whence a Chicken-hearted Fellow , or Hen-hearted Fellow , a Dastard . Childish , Foolish . Childing-women , Breeding . China-Ale , From the well known East-Indian Drug of that Name , of which they ought to put some , but they seldom do any into it , making it sweet only and adding a little Spice . Chink , c. Money , because it chinks in the Pocket . Chip , a Child . Chip of the old Block , a Son that is his Father's likeness ; more particularly the Son of a Cooper , or one brought up to the same Trade . Chirping-merry , very pleasant over a Glass of good Liquor . Chit a Dandyprat , or Dergen . Chittiface , a little puiny Child . Chitchat , idle Prate , or empty Talk. Chive , c. a Knife . Chop , to change , or barter . Chopping-boy , a bouncing Boy . to chop up Prayers , to huddle thom up , or slubber them over in posthast ▪ A Chop by chance , a rare Contingence , an extraordinary or uncommon Event , out of course . Chopps , ( of a Man ) his Face ( of Mutton ) a Bone or Cut. Chounter , to talk pertly , and ( sometimes ) angrily . Chouse , to cheat or trick . Chop ▪ houses , where Both boy'd and roast Mutton ( in chopps ) are alwayes ready . Chub , c he is a young chub , or a meer chub , c. very ignorant or inexperienc'd in gaming , not at all acquainted with Sharping . A good Chub , said by the Butchers ; when they have met with a silly raw Customer , and they have Bit him . Chuck farthing , a Parish-Clerk ( in the Satyr against Hypocrites ) also a Play among Boies . Chum , a Chamber-fellow , or constant Companion . Church yard-cough , that will terminate in Death . Churl , an Ill-natur'd Fellow ; a selfish , sordid Clown . To put a Churl upon a Gentleman , to Drink Ale or any Mault-Liquor immediately after Wine . C I Ciento , an old Game at Cards . Citt , for Citizen . Civil List , all the Officers and Servants in the King's Family . C L Clack , a Woman's Tongue . Clammed , Starved , or Famished . Clan , Family , Tribe , Faction , Party in Scotland chiefly , but now any where else . Clank , c. a Silver-tankard . Clanker , a swinging Lie , Clank-napper , c. a Silver-tankard Stealer . See Bubber , Rum ▪ clank , c. a large Silver-tankard . Tip me a rum Clank a Booz ▪ c. give me a double Tankard of Drink , Clap , a Venereal Taint . Clapperclaw'd , beat soundly , or paid off in earnest . Clapperdogeon , c. a Begger-born and Bred. Clark , or Clerk , Scholar or Book-learned . Clerk-ship , or Clergy , Scholarship or Book-learning , though of late the one be more restrained to a Clergyman , and the other appropriate to a Clergyman's Skill or Qualifications ; because it may be heretofore , none but the Clergy were learned , or so much as taught to Read. Hence the Benefit of Clergy , ( or Reading ) & legit ut Clericus , in the Law , for him that cou'd Read his Neck-verse , like a Clerk or Scholar , when so few perhaps were Scholars or Clerks , that every one that could but only Read , passed for no less : We say still , the greatest Clarks ( or Scholars ) are not the Wisest Men : And the Scots much to the same Effect . An Ounce of Mother-Wit is worth a Pound of Clergy , or Book-learning . Claw'd off , lustily lasht , also swingingly Poxt . Clear , c. very Drunk . The Cull is clear , let 's Bite him . c. The Fellow is Damn'd Drunk , let 's Sharp him . Cleave , has two contrary Senses under one Sound ; for to cleave , ( Verb Neuter ) is to cling close or stick fast , and to cleave , ( verb Active ) is to part or divide ; as to cleave asunder , when Cleft and Cloven . Clench , a pun or quible ; also to nick a Business by timing it . Cleymes , c. Sores without Pain raised on Beggers Bodies , by their own Artifice and cunning , ( to move charity ) by bruising Crows-foot , Speerwort , and Salt together , and clapping them on the Place , which frets the Skin , then with a Linnenrag , which sticks close to it ; they tear off the Skin , and strew on it a little Powder'd Arsnick , which makes it look angrily or ill favoredly , as if it were a real Sore . Click , c. to Snatch . I have Clickt the Nab from the Cull , c. I whipt the Hat from the Man's Head. Click the rum Topping , c. Snatch that Woman's fine Commode . Clicker , the Shoe-maker's Journey-man , or Servant , that Cutts out all the Work , and stands at or walks before the Door , and saies , what d' ye ' lack Sir , what d' ye buy Madam . Clicket , Copulation of Foxes , and sometimes , used waggishly for that of Men and Women . Clinker , c. a crafty Fellow . Clinkers . c. the Irons Felons wear in Goals . Clip , to hug or embrace . To clip and cling ▪ of a close hug or fast embrace . To Clip the Coin , to diminish or Impair it . To clip the King 's English , not to Speak Plain , when one 's Drunk . Clod-hopper , c. a Ploughman . Clodpate , a heavy , dull Fellow . Close , reserv'd , silent , not talkative , or open . Close-confident , a trusty Bosom-friend . Close-fisted , coverous , stingy , pinching . Clotts , or thick dropps of Bloud clottered or in clots . Cloud , c. Tobacco . Will ye raise a Cloud , c ▪ shall we Smoke a Pipe ? Clouds , or Cloudy-Sky in opposition to clear open Sky ; as Clouds in Gemms and Stones , to clear ones ; and Clouded Face , to a clear pleasant one . Under a Cloud , in disgrace , under misfortunes or disasters ; Speaks in the Clouds , of one that flies or soars in Talking above the common reach or capacity . Cloudy , dark complexion'd . Clout , c. a Handkerchief . Cloy , c. to Steal . Cloy the Clout . c. to Steal the Hankerchief . Cloy the Lour , c. to Steal the Money ; also , in another Sense , to Cloy , is to Nauseate or Satiate . Cloyers , c. Thieves , Robbers , Rogues . Cloying , c. Stealing , Thieving , Robbing ; also Fulsom or Satiating . Clowes . c. Rogues . Clown , a Country-Fellow , also one very ill-bred or unmannerly , Being . Clownish , rustical , unpolish'd , uncouth . Club , each Man 's particular Shot ; also a Society of Men agreeing to meet according to a Scheme of Orders under a slight Penalty to promote Trade and Friendship . Cluck , the noise made by Hens , when they set upon their Eggs to Hatch and are disturb'd , or come off to Eat , and also when they wou'd have Eggs put under them for that purpose . Clump , a Heap or Lump . Clunch , a clumsy Clown , an awkward or unhandy Fellow . Clutch the Fist , or close the Hand , whence Clutches . I 'll keep out of your Clutches or Claws ; the Clutches of the Parish , the Constable or Beadle . Clutchfisted , the same as Closefisted . Clutter , Stir . What a Clutter you keep ? What a stir you make ? Cly , c. Money . To Cly the Jerk , c. to be Whipt . Let 's strike his Cly , c. let 's get his Money from him ; also a Pocket , Filed a cly , c. Pickt a Pocket . C O Coach-wheel Fore Hind Half a Crown . A Crown or Five Shilling-Piece . Coals to Newcastle when the Dràwer carries away any Wine in the Pot or Bottle . To blow the Coals , to raise differences between Parties . He 'll carry no Coals . not be Pissed upon , or Imposed upon , nor bear a Trick , or take an Affront , or tamely pass by any ill Treatment . Let him that has need blow the Coals , Let him Labour that wants . Cob , a Dollar ( in Ireland . ) Cobble , to mend or patch . Cobbled , bunglingly done . Cobble-colter , c. a Turkey . A rum Cobble-colter , c ▪ a fat large Cock-Turkey . Cobweb-cheat , easily found out . Cobweb-pretence , slight , trivial , weak . Cock-a-hoop , upon the high Ropes Rampant , Transported . Cockish , wanton uppish , forward . Cockale , pleasant Drink , said to be provocative . Cock-baw'd , a Man that follows that base Employment . Cocker , one skill'd in , or much delighted with the sport of Cock-fighting . Cockney , Born within the Sound of Bow-bell ; ( in London ) also one ignorant in Country Matters . Cock-oyster , the Male. Cock-pimp , a Supposed Husband to a Bawd. Cock-robbin , a soft easy Fellow . Cock-sure , very Sure. Cod , a good sum of Money ; also a Fool. A meer Cod , a silly , shallow Fellow . A rum Cod , c. a good round sum of Money . A jolly or lusty Cod , c. the same . An honest Cod , a trusty Friend . Codders , gatherers of Peascods . Cod's Head a Fool. Codsounds , the Pith or Marrow in the Cod's Back , esteem'd as choice Peck . Cofe , c. as Cove . Cog , to cheat at Dice , Cog a Die ; to conceal or secure a Die ; also the Money or whatever the Sweetners drop to draw in the Bubbles ; also to wheedle , as Cog a Dinner to wheedle a Spark out of a Dinner . Cogue , of Brandy , a small Cup or Dram. Coker , c. a Lye , rum Coker , c. a whisking Lye. Cokes , the Fool in the Play , or Bartholomew-Fair , and hence ( perhaps ) Coxcomb , Cold , shy , or averse to Act. Cold Tea , Brandy . A couple of cold words , a Curtain-Lecture . Cold-Iron , Derisory Periphrasis for a Sword. In cold Blood , when the heat of War , or Passion are over . The Matter will keep cold , it will stay a while , and not be the worse for keeping . Cole , c. Money . Coliander-seed , c. Money . Collation , a Treat or Entertainment . College , c. Newgate ; also the Royal Exchange . Collegiates , c. those Prisoners , and Shop-keepers . Collogue , wheedle . Colquarron , c. a Man's Neck . Colt , c. an Inn-keeper that lends a Horse to a Highway-man , or to Gentlemen Beggers ; also a Lad newly bound Prentice . Coltish , said when an old Fellow is frolicksom or wanton ; or he has a Colt's Tooth . Colt-bowl , laid short of the Jack by a Colt-bowler , a raw of unexperienc'd Person . Colt-veal , very red . Come , c. to Lend . Has he come it ? c. has he lent it you ? Comical , very pleasant , or diverting . Coming-women , such as are free of their Flesh ; also breeding Women . Commission , c. a Shirt . Commode , a Womans Head-dress , easily put on , and as soon taken off , Common-garden-gout , or rather Covent-garden , the Pox. Common Women , Whores , Plyers in the Sreets and at Bawdy-Houses . Complement , the Ship 's or Regiment's compleat Number or Company . Comfortable Importance , a Wife . Conceited , a Self-lover , and Admirer , Wise in his own Opinion . Coney-sitteth . Confect , c. Counterfeit . Conger , a Set or Knot of Popping Book-sellers of London , who agree among themselves , that whoever of them Buys a good Copy , the rest are to take off such a particular number , as ( it may be ) Fifty , in Quires , on easy Terms . Also they that joyn together to Buy either a Considerable , or Dangerous Copy . And a great over-grown Sea-Eel . Conjurers , Astrologers , Physiognomists , Chiromancers , and the whole Tribe of Fortune-tellers , by the common People ( Ignorantly ) so called . Consent , Leave , Approbation , Agreement . Affected by Consent , as one Sore Eye infects the other , ( unseen ) because they are both strung with one Optic Nerve : As in two Strings set to an Unison , upon the Touch of One , the other will Sound . Consult of Physicians , Two , or more . Content , a thick Liquor , made up in Rolls in imitation of Chocolate , Sold in some Coffee-Houses . Contre-temps , making a Pass or Thrust without any advantage , or to no purpose . Convenient , c. a Mistress ; also a Whore. Conveniency , c. a Wife ; also a Mistress . Conundrums , Whimms , Maggots , and such like . Cony , a silly Fellow , a meer Cony , very silly indeed . Cook-ruffin , c. the Devil of a Cook , or a very bad one . Cool-crape , a slight Chequer'd Stuff made in imitation of Scotch Plad . Cooler , a Woman . Cool-Lady , a Wench that sells Brandy ( in Camps ) Cool-nantz , Brandy . Cool Tankard , Wine and Water , with a Lemon Sugar and Nutmeg . Copper-nos'd , extremely Red. Coquet , a flippant , pert Gossip . Corky-brain'd Fellow , silly , foolish . Corinthian , a very impudent , harden'd , brazen fac'd Fellow . Cornish-hug , a hard gripe , or squeeze . Corn-jobber , an Enhancer of the Price , by early buying , monopolizing , and sharp tricks . A great Harvest of a little Corn , a great adoe in a little Matter . He measures my Corn by his own Bushel , he muses as he uses , he thinks me Bad because he is so himself . Cornuted , made a Cuckold of . Corny-fac'd , a very Red or Blue pimpled Phiz . Cosset , a Fondling Child . Cosset-Colt or Lamb , brought up by Hand , made Tame , and used to follow any Body about the House . Costard , the Head I 'll give ye a knock on the Costard , I 'll hit ye a blow on the Pate . Coster-monger , a Whole-sale Dealer in Apples , Pears , &c. Cot for Cotquean , a Man that meddles with Womens matters . Cotton , they don't cotton , they don't agree well . Cote , a sorry , slight Country-House or Hovel , now a Cottage . Hence the Compounds yet in use , of Dove-cote , Sheep-cote , &c. Couchée , going to Bed I was at Court at the Couchee , I attended the King at his going to Bed. Couch a Hogs-head , c. to go to Bed. Cove , c. a Man , a Fellow , also a Rogue . The Cove was bit , c. the Rogue was out-sharp'd or out-witted . The Cove has bit the Cole , c. The Rogue has Stolen the Money . The Cove's a rum Diver , c. that Fellow is a cleaver Pick-pocket . Covey of Whores , a well fill'd Bawdy-house ; also of Partridges , a Nest or Brood . Counterfeit-cranks , c. the Twentieth Rank or Order of the Canting Tribe . Counterfeit , a Cheat or Impostor . A Counterfeiter of Hands , a Forger . A Counterfeiter of Persons , a Sham. Counterfeit Gemms or Jewels , Bristol-stones . Counterfeits , for the most part exceed the Truth . Thus a Flatterer pleases more than a Friend ; a Braggadochio-coward thunders more than a Hero ; a Mountebank promises more than a Doctor , and a Hypocrite over-acts a Religious Man , as a Counterfeit Gem is often fairer than a True one . Country-put , a silly Country-Fellow . Couped up , Imprison'd , Environ'd , Surrounded , Pent up . Court-promises , fair Speeches , or empty Promises without performances . Much the same with Court-holy-water . Court-card , a gay fluttering Fellow . Court-tricks , State-Policy . Course , or rather Coarse , homely , ord'nary , oppos'd to fine ; as Coarse treatment , rough or rude Dealing ; Coarse fare , homely Food ; a Coarse Dish , a mean one ; Coarse or Hard-Favor'd , oppos'd to Fair or Handsom . Of Course , of Custom ; out of Course , extraordinary , or out of the way ; a Horse-Course a Race , also the place where the Race is Run . A Water-course , a Drain . Course of Law , the proceedings , at Law. The Law must have its Course , or run freely . I 'll take a Course with you , I 'll hamper ye , or stick close on your Skirts . A Course of Physick , an Order or set Constitution of Physick , for a continuance or course of time . Course of the Sun , Yearly or Daily , a Yearly or Daily Revolution . Course of he Moon , the Circle of a Month. Court-holy-water , Court Promises . Cow-hearted , fearful or Hen-hearted . Cows-thumb , when a thing is done exactly , nicely , or to a Hair. Cows-baby , a Calf . Coxcomb , a Fool ; a silly Coxcomb , a very foolish Fellow . Crabbed , sower , churls . C R Crab-lice . Cock , Male Hen , Female . Vermin breeding in Moist and Hairy Parts of the Body . Crack , c. a Whore. Cracker , c. an Arse ; also Crust . Crackish , c. Whorish . Cracking , Boasting Vaporing . Crackt-credit , Lost , Gone , Broken. Crackt-title , Unsound . Crackt-brains , lost Wits . Crackmans , c. Hedges . Cramped , a weight with a string tied to one's Toe , when a Sleep , much used by School-boies , one to another ; also obstructed or hampered in any Business whatever . Crag , a Neck ; also a Rock . Cramp-rings , c. Bolts or Shackles . Cramp-words , difficult or uncommon . Crank , brisk , pert . Cranksided-ship , that does not bear Sail well . Cranked-shells or Stones , wrinkled or wreathed . Crap . c. Money . Nim the Crap , c. to Steal the Money . Wheedle for Crap , c. to coakse Money out of any Body . Crash , c. to Kill . Crash , the Cull , c. Kill the Fellow . Crashing-cheats , c. Teeth . Craz'd , Mad. Crazy , infirm or distemper'd . Creatures , Men raised by others , and their Tools ever after . Creeme , to slip or slide any thing into another's Hand . Crew , the Coxon and Rowers in the Barge , or Pinnace , are called the Boats-crew , in distinction from the Complement of Men on Board the Ship , who are term'd the Ships-company , not Crew ; also an ill Knot or Gang , as a Crew of Rogues . Crimp , one that undertakes for , or agrees to unlade a whole Ship of Coals . To play Crimp , to lay or bet on one side , and ( by foul play ) to let t'other win , having a share of it . Run a Crimp , to run a Race or Horse-match fouly or knavishly . He Crimps it , he plays booty . A Crimping Fellow , a sneaking Cur. Crinkums , the French Pox. Crispin , a Shoe-maker , from the St. of that Name , their Patron . Crispin's Holy-day , ev'ry Munday in the Year , but more particularly the Twenty fifth of October , whereon the whole Fraternity fail not to lay they Hearts in Soak . Crochets in the crown , whimsies , Maggots . Crockers , Forestallers , Regraters , see Badgers . Croker , c. a Groat or Four-pence . The Cull tipt me a Croker , c. the Fellow gave me a Groat . Crony , a Camerade or intimate Friend ; an old Crony , one of long standing ; used also for a tough old Hen. Crop , one with very short Hair ; also a Horse whose Ears are Cut. Crop-ear'd-Fellow , whose Hair is so short it won't hide his Ears . Croppin-ken , c. a Privy , or Bog-house . Crop-sick , Stomack-sick . Crossbite , c. to draw in a Friend , yet snack with the Sharper . Crosspatch , a peevish froward Person . Crotiles , Hares Excrements . Crow-over , to insult or domineer . To pluck a Crow with one , to have a bout with him . Strut like a Crow in a Gutter , said in jeer of the Stalking of a proud Fellow . The Crow thinks her own Bird the Fairest , applied to those that ▪ dote on their foul Issues . As good Land as any the Crow Flies over , with regard it may be , to the Crow's being a long Liver ; as no Carrion will kill a Crow , to his being so hardy a Bird. Crowder , a Fidler . Crown , the top of the Head or Hat ; Imperial or Regal Crown . Where the Earth is raised it is said , to be Crown'd with Hills , in Poetry . The End Crowns all , said both of the Event of Actions , and Finishing ▪ of Works . In the Crown-Office , Drunk ; also to Crown , to pour on the Head. Cruisers , c. Beggers ; also nimble Friggats Coasting to and fro for Prizes , and to carry Orders , &c. Crump ; c. one that helps Sollicitors to Affidavit-men , and Swearers , and Bail , who for a small Sum will be Bound or Swear for any Body ; on that occasion , putting on good Cloaths to make a good appearance , that Bail may be accepted . Crump-back'd , Crooked or Huncht-backt Crumplings ▪ wrinkled Codlings , usually the least , but sweetest . Crusty ▪ beau , one that lies with a Cover over his Face all Night , and uses Washes , Paint , &c. C U Cub , or young Cub . c. a new Gamester drawn in to be rookt ; also a young Bear , a Fox ▪ and a Martern the first Year . Cucumbers , Taylers . Cucumber-time , Taylers Holiday , when they have leave to Play , and Cucumbers are in season . Cudgelliers , a Mob rudely arm'd ; also Cudgel-Players . Cuffin , c. a Man. Cuffin-quire , c. see Quire-cuffin . Culp , a kick , or blow , also a bit of any thing . Culp of the Gutts , ( Suffolk ) a hearty kick at the Belly . Cull , Cully , c. a Man , a Fop , a Rogue , a Fool or silly Creature that is easily drawn in and Cheated by Whores or Rogues . Cully napps us , c. the Person Robb'd , apprehends us . A Bob-cull , c. a sweet-humour'd Man to a Whore , and who is very Complaisant . A Curst-cull , c. an ill-natur'd Fellow , a Churl to a Woman . Culm , the small or dust of Sea-coal . Cunning-shaver , a sharp Fellow . Cup-shot , Drunk . Cup of Comfort , as Cup of the Creature , Strong-liquor . A Cup too low , when any of the Company are mute or pensive . To carry one's Cup even between two Parties , to be equal and indifferent , between them . Many things fall out between the Cup and the Lip , or many things intervene between the forming and accomplishing a Design . Cur , a Dog of a mungrel Breed , good for nothing . Curle , c. Clippings of Money . Currish-fellow , snapping , snarling . Curmudgeon , an old Covetous Fellow , a Miser . Currant-coyn , good and Lawful Money . Currant Custom , a received custom , the Current , Stream ; also humor or bent of the People . Cursitors , c. Vagabonds ; the first ( old ) Rank of Canters . Curst , a curst Cur , a sower , surly , snarling , fierce Dog ; a Curst Cow has short Horns . Curtals , c. the Eleventh Rank of the Canting Crew . Curtail'd , cut off , shorten'd . Curtezan , a gentile fine Miss or Quality Whore. Curtain-Lecture , Womens impertinent Scolding at their Husbands . Cushion , beside the Cushion , beside the Mark. Cut , Drunk . Deep Cut , very Drunk . Cut in the Leg or Back , very drunk . To Cut , c. to Speak . To Cut bene , c. to Speak gently , civilly or kindly ; to Cut bene ( or bennar ) Whidds , c. to give good Words . To Cut quire whidds , c. to give ill Language . A Cut or Chop of Meat . Cut and come again , of Meat that cries come Eat me . A cutting wind , very sharp . Of the precize Cut or Stamp , a demure starcht Fellow . No Present to be made of Knives , because they Cut kindness . Ready Cut and Dried , or turned for the purpose . Not Cut out for it , nor turned for it . To Cut another out of any business , to out-doe him far away , or excell , or circumvent . I 'll cut you out business , I 'll find you Work enough . A Book with Cuts or Figures ; Brass or Wooden Cutts or Prints from Copper-plates , or Wood. A Cut thro at House or Town , where sharp and Large Reckonings are imposed , as at Gravesend , Deal , Dover , Portsmouth , Plimouth , Harwich , Helvoetsluyce , the Briel , and indeed all Sea-ports , nay and Common-wealths too , according to the observation of a late Learned Traveller in his ingenious Letters publish'd in Holland . D Dab , c. expert exquisite in Roguery a Rumdab , c. a very Dextrous fellow at fileing , thieving , Cheating , Sharping , &c. Heii a Dab at it , He is well vers'd in it . Dablers , in Poetry , meer Pretenders . Dace , c. Two-pence , Tip me a Dace . c. Lend Two-pence , or pay so much for me . Dag ▪ a Gun. Draggle-tail , a nasty dirty Slut. Damask the Claret , Put a roasted Orange slasht smoking hot in it . Damber , c , a Rascal . Damme-boy , a roaring mad , blusttring fellow , a Scourer of the Streets . Dancers , c. Stairs . Dandyprat , a little puny Fellow . Dangle , to hang. Dapper-fellow , a short pert , brisk , tidy Fellow . Darby , c. ready Money Darbies , c. Irons , Shackles or Fetters . Darkmans ▪ , c. The night , The Child of darkness , c. a Bell-man . Darkmans-Budge . c , a House-creeper , one that slides into a House in the dusk ▪ to let in more Rogues to rob . Dash , a Tavern-Drawer . A dash of Gentian , Wormwood , or stale Beer , a slight touch or tincture of each , to dash or brew as Vintners jumble their Wines together , when they sophisticate them . A dash of Rain , a sudden , short , impetuous pouring down , to distinguish it from a soft Shower , or a sprinkling of Rain . Dastard , a Coward . Dawn , Day-break or peep of Day , as the Dusk is twilight or shadow of the Evening . One may see day at a little hole , or discover the Lyon by his Paw . Dawbing , bribing ; also ill painting or thick laying on of Colours : Hence bedawb'd with Gold or Silver-Lace , when it is laid thick or close on . D E Dead Cargo , not a quarter or half freighted . To wait for dead mens shoes , for what is little worth , or may never come to pass . To play or work for a dead horse for a trifle . Dead-men , empty-Pots or bottles on a Tarverntable . Dear Joies , Irishmen . Debauchee , a Rake-hel ▪ Decayed , Gentleman or Tradesman , broken . Deckt-out , tricked up in fine Cloaths , Decus , c. a Crown or five shilling-piece . The Cull tipt me a score of Decuses , c. my Camerade lent me five Pounds . Deft-Fellow , a tidy , neat , little Man. Defunct , dead and gone . Degen , c. a Sword Nimm the Degen , c. steal the Sword , or whip it from the Gentleman's Side . Deists , against the Trinity . Dells , c. the twenty sixth order of the canting Tribe ; young bucksome Wenches , ripe and prone to Venery , but have not lost their Virginity , which the vpright man pretends to , and seizes : Then she is free for any off the Fraternity ; also a common Strumpet . Dequarting , throwing of the left Foot and Body backwards . Dergin , a very short Man or Woman . Desperate Fellow , fit for any lew'd Prank or Villany , desperate condition , with out any hopes . Devil-drawer , a sorry Painter . Deuseavile , c. the Country . Deuseavile-Stampers , c , Country-Carriers . Dews-wins , c. two Pence . Dewitted , cut in pieces , as that great Statesman Iohn de Witt , was in Holland Anno 1672. by the Mob . D I Diamond cut Diamond , bite the Biter . Dibble , a poaking Stick to set Beans with . Die like a Dog , to be hang'd , the worst Employment a Man can be put to . Die on a Fish-day , orin his shoes the same , die like a Rat. To be poysoned . Dig ▪ the Badger , dislodg him . Dimber , c. pretty . Dimber-cove a pretty Fellow . Dim-mort , c. a pretty Wench . Dimber-Damber , c. a Top-man or Prince among the Canting Crew ; also the chief Rogue of the Gang , or the compleatest Cheat. Dimple , a small graceful dent in the Chin called in Ignoramus , Love's pretty Dimple . Din , c. what a din you keep ! what a noise you make ! Dine with Duke Humphrey , to go without a Dinner . Ding , c. to knock down . Ding the Cull , c. knock down the Fellow . Ding-boy , c. a Rogue , a Hector , a Bully , Sharper . Ding-dong , helter-skelter . Dint , edge or force dint of the sword , edge of the Sword , dint of argument , force or power of Argument , Dippers , Ana-baptists . Dipt , engag'd or in debt , Land pawn'd or mortgag'd . Damnably dipt , deep in debt , He has dipt his Terra firma , he has mortgaged his dirty Acres . He has dipt his Bill , he is almost drunk . The cull has dipt his Tol , c. the Spark has pawn'd his Sword. The Dell has dipt her Rigging , c. the Whore has pawn'd her Cloaths . Dirty Acres , an Estate in Land. Dirty Beau , a slovenly Fellow , yet pretending to Beauishness . Dirty puzzle , a sorry Slattern or Slut. Disaffection , a disorder of any part of the Body ▪ Disaffected to the State ▪ Malecontents or factious Disgruntled , disobliged or distasted . Disingenuous , or indirect dealing , oppos'd to dealing on the Square . Disguis'd , drunkish . Dismal ditty , a Psalm at the Gallows ; also a dull Ballad , or filly Song . Dive , c. to pick a Pocket . Diver , c. a Pick-pocket . D O Doash , c a cloak . Dock , c. to lie with a woman . The Cull Dockt the Dell in the Darkmans the Rogue lay with a Wench all night . Doctor , c. a false Die , that will run but two or three Chances . They put the Doctor upon him , c. they cheated him with false Dice . Dog'd , follow'd close , way-laid . Agree like Dog and Cat , of those that are at variance . Every Dog will have his day , none so wretched but has his good Planet . An easy thing to find a Stick to beat a Dog , or it costs little to trouble those that cannot help themselves . It is an ill Dog is not worth the whistling after ; or spare to speak spare to speed . He play'd me a Dog-trick , he did basely and dirtily by me . Dogged , Sullen , pouting , or in the Dumps . Doggrel , a Term for the meanest and basest Verse ; such as Ballads , Bellmens-songs , and the like Meeter of snow-hill . Doit ▪ half a Farthing . Dutch Money , eight to a Penny , not a doit left , he has spent all . Doll , a wooden 〈…〉 to make up Commodes upon , also a Child's Baby . Doltish , c. Foolish . Dolthead , a Fool. Domerars , c. Rogues , pretending to have had their Tougus cnt out , or to be born dumb and deaf , who artificially turning the tip of their Toungs , into their Throat , and with a stick makeing it bleed , weak people think it the stump of their Tongue ; one of whom being askt hastily how long he had been dumb ? answer'd but three weeks , this is the twenty first . Order of Canters , the Word also signifing Mad-men . Dotard , An old drowsy Fellow come to Dotage . Doudy , An ugly coarse hard favored Woman . She is a meer Doudy , that is , very ugly . Dover-court all Speakers and no Hearers . Down-hills , c ▪ Dice that run low . Doxies , c. She-beggers , Trulls , Wenches , Whores , the twenty fifth Rank of Canters ; being neither , Maids , Wives , nor Widdows , will for good Victuals , or a very small piece of money prostitute their Bodies , protesting they never did so before , and that meer necessity then oblig'd them to it ( tho' common Hackneys ) These are very dextrous at picking Pockets ( in the action ) and so barbarous as often to murder the Children thus got . D R Drab , a Whore , or Slut , a Dirty drab , a very nasty Slut. Drag , a Fox's Tail. Dragg'd , through the Horse-pond or Bog-house . Batlives and Sergeants are served so that presume to arrest any Body within the Verge of the Court-royal , or Precints of the Inns of Court. Dragg'd up , as the Rakes call it , educated or brought up . Dray , of Squirrels . Drawers , c Stockings . Drawing , Beating the Bushes after the Fox . Draw-Latches , c. the fourth ( old ) Order of the Canting Tribe of Rogues . Drawling in Speech , or dreaming of Speech when the Words are drawn out at length , and keep as great a distance from one another , as if they were not all of a Company . Dreaming ▪ Fellow , a dull , drowsy , heavy Creature . Drift , Design , Aim , Intent . Drill , to draw in , and entice by degrees ; also boring of Pearl . Dripper ▪ a sort of Clap , or venereal gleating Dripping-weather , the same with dropping . Dromedary , c. a Thief or Rogue , also a kind of Camel with two bunches on his Back . You are a purple Dromedary , c. You are a Bungler or a dull Fellow at thieving . Drommerars , c. see Domerars . Droppers , c. Sweetners . Drop a cog , c. to let fall ( with design to draw in and cheat ) a Piece of Gold ; also the piece it self . Drop ▪ in-his-eye , almost drunk . Droop , to fall away , to pine , to break with Age or Infirmity , a drooping bird that hangs the Wing . Drovers , Horse-leaders in Fairs , or Markets , and Graziers or Drivers of Beasts . Drub , beat with a stick or Cable-end . Drudge , or rather dredge , the way of catching Oysters ; also a laborious Person . Drumbelo , a dull heavy Fellow . Ameer drumbelo , a very Slug. Drunk with a continuna do . de die in diem . Dry blows , or dry-basting for Rib-roasting . Dry-bob , a smart or sharp Repartee . Dry-boots , a sly , close cunning Fellow . Dry-drinking , without a bit of Victuals . Drywine , a little rough upon , but very grateful to the Palate . Dry youth , sharp , close ▪ witty . D U Dub , c. a Pick-lock-key . Dub , the Giger , c. open the Door . We 'll strike it upon the dub , c. we will rob that Place . Dubber , c. a Picker of Locks . Dub'd , Knighted . A Duce , c. two Pence , Duck-leggs , short-leggs ▪ Dudds , c. Cloaths or Goods . Rum dudds , c. fine or rich cloaths or Goods . Dudd , Cheats wonne . c. Cloaths and things stolen . Abram Cove has wonne ( or bit ) Rum dudds . c. the poor Fellow has stolen very costly Cloaths . Dudgeon , Anger , Quarrel , Displeasure . Duke of Exeter's Daughter , a Rack in the Tower of London , to torture and force Confession ; supposed to be introduced by him , sometimes ( formerly ) now not in use . Dullard , a heavy dull stupid Fellow . Dulpickle , the same . Dum-found , to beat soundly . I dumfounded the sawcy Rascal , I bang'd his Back tightly . In the dumps , troubled , chagrin , melancholic . Dunaker , c. a Cow-stealer . Duncarring , Buggering . Dunner , a Sollicitor for Debts . Dunn'd , teiz'd , or much importun'd . Dunder-head , a dull heavy Creature . Dundering Rake , a thundering Rake , or of the Rank , one develishly lewd . Dup , c. to enter , or open the door , dup the ken , c. enter the House , dup the boozing ken and booz a gage , c. go into the Ale-house and drink a Pot. Durance , a Prison . Durk , a short Dagger , in use with the Scots , as Stilletto is with the Italians . Dusk , or Twilight , the shadow of the Evening , as Dawn is Day-break or peep of Day . Dust , money , down with your Dust , deposit your Money , pay your Reckoning . Also in another sence , dust it away drink quick about . Dutchified , in the Dutch Interest , or of that Faction . Dutch-Reckoning , or Alte-mall , a verbal or Lump-account without particulars . E Eager , warm , or earnest in Debate ; also sharp Liquors , as hard Beer , Wine turned soure , &c. Hence the Compounds , Vinegar , Alegar . Eagle , c. the winning Gamester . Earnest , c. Part or Share . Tip me my earnest , c. give me my Snack or Dividend . Easy , facil , supple , pliable , managable . He is an easy fellow , very silly or soft , an easy mort , c. a forward or coming wench . E B Ebb-water , c. when there 's but little Money in the Pocket . E D Edge-tools , as Scythes , Swords , and such as are set or ground , as Razors . Knives , Scissors , Sheers , &c. to distinguish them from flat Tools and Tongs , &c. 't is ill jesting with Edge-tools or trusting unexpert Men with dangerous things . Fall back fall edge or come what will. E F Effort , an Endeavour or Proffer , a Weak Effort , an Offer in vain . E G Egge one on , to prick him on , to provoke or stir him up . He 'll be glad to take Eggs for his money , or to compound the matter with Loss . You come in with your five Eggs a penny , and four of 'em addle , of a Pragmatical Prater , or Busi-body , that wasts many Words to little purpose . To leave a Nest-egg , to have alwaies a Reserve to come again . As sure as Eggs be Eggs. When nothing is so sure . As full of Roguery as an Egg is is full , of Meat . E L Elbow-grease , a derisory Term for Sweat. It will cost nothing but a little Elbow-grease ; in a jeer to one that is lazy , and thinks much of his Labour . Who is at your Elbow ? a Caution to a Lyer . He lives by shaking of the Elbow ; a Gamester . Elonge , to stretch forward the right Arm and Leg , and to keep a close Left-foot . Elevated , pufft up ; also raised to Honour , Dignity , &c. Above the common Elevation , above the common Level . Eminence a Rising opposed to a flat Ground , rais'd to an Eminence of pitch of greatness ; to make a figure , or be a Man of mark in the World , i. e. to be conspicuous , as a City set on a Hill cannot be hid . His Eminence , the Title given to a Cardinal . E M Empty-fellow , Silly . Empty-skull'd , Foolish . Empty-talk , silly , idle vain Discourse , more Noise then Sense . E N Ends , Aim , Design , Drift , and variously used in composition , as , Candle-ends , Ends of gold and silver , Shreds of either . Cable-ends , finger-ends , for extremity or utmost part of either . T is good to make both Ends meet , or to cut your Coat according to your Cloth. Every thing has an End , and a Pudding has two . English-cane , an oaken Plant , English Manufacture , Ale , Beer , or Syder . Ensnaring Questions Interrogatories laid to trap and catch one . Entries , where the Deer have lately passed the thickets . E P Epicure-an , one that that indulges himself , nice of Palate , very curious and a critick in eating . E Q Equip , c. to furnish one . Equip , c. rich ; also having new Clothes ▪ Well equipt , c. plump in the Pocket , or very full of Money ; also very well drest . The Cull equipt me with a brace of Meggs , c. the Gentleman furnish'd me with a couple of Guineas . E R Eriffs , Canary-birds two years old . E V Evasion , a Shift , sly or indirect Answer . Eves-drop , to be an Eves-dropper , one that skulks , lurks at or lies under his Neighbor's Window or Door . E W Ewe , or the White Ewe , c. a Top-woman among the Canting Crew , very Beautiful . E X Execution-day , Washing-day ; also that on which the Malefactors Die. Exigence , a special or extraordinary occasion , a pinch . Expedient , a ready shift or trick to deliver one from any difficulty , or danger near at hand . Ey , of Pheasants , the whole Brood of young ones . Eye-sore , an Annoyance , whatever is grievous or offensive , an unwelcome dish or guest . All that you get you may put in your Eye and see ne'er the worse , a pleasant Periphrasis or Round of Words , for getting nothing at all . 'T is good to have an Eye to the main Chance , or look to your Hits . What the Eye ne'er sees the Heart ne'er rues : Or out of Sight , out of Mind . F Facer , c. a Bumper without Lip-room . Face in Wine , the Colour . A good Face , a very fine bright Colour . To make a Face , to make a show or feign ; also to wryth contract or distort the Face in Contempt or Derision . To set a good Face upon a bad Cause , or Matter , to make the best of it . A good Face needs no Band , or no advantage to set it off . The Broad fac'd Bird , or the Bird that is all Face under Feathers , a Periphrasis for an Owl . Face about to the Right or Left , turn about . to Face Danger , to meet it . Facing of the Sleeve , the Turn-up . Facetious , full of Merry Tales and Jests , pleasantly merry . Factitious , Bodies made by Art , as Glass , Paper , and all Compound or made Metals , as Brass , Steel , Pewter , Latin , &c. Fadge , it won't fadge or doe . Fag , c. to Beat. Fag'd , c. Beaten . Fag the Bloss , c. bang the Wench , Fag the Fen , c. drub the Whore. Faggot the Culls , c. Bind the Men. Faggots , Men Muster'd for Souldiers , not yet Listed . Fair Roe-Buck , the Fifth Year . Fair Speech , or fine Words . Fair-spoken , or Courteous . A Fair Day , or Fair Weather . Fair in the Cradle , and foul in the Saddle , a pretty Boy , and a hard-favor'd Man. Soft and Fair goes far ; or not more Haste than good Speed. Fair and far off ; wide of the Mark. You have made a Fair Spech , said in derision of one that spends many Words to little purpose . A Fair or Market for Beasts . A Day after the Fair , a Day too late , of one that has out-stayed his Markets . Fall-a-bord , fall on and Eat heartily . Fallacies , Cheats , Tricks , Deceipts . Falter , to fail or more particularly a failure , or Trip of the Tongue , entangled with the Palsy , produced also from excess of Drink , or Guilt . Famms , c. Hands . Fambles , c. Hands . Famble-cheats , c. Gold-rings , or Gloves . Famgrasp , c. to agree or make up a Difference . Famgrasp the Cove c. to agree with the Adversary . Family of Love , Lewd Women , Whores ; also a Sect. Fangs , Beast-claws as Talons are of a Bird. Fanning , or refreshing of the Trees or Woods with Wind. Fanning or refreshing of a Close Room , opening the Windows . Fire-fanns , little Hand-Skreens for the Fire . Fantastick , Whimsical , Freakish , or Capricious . A Fantastick Dress , very particular , remarkable , Fardel , a Bundle . Fardy , for Ferdinando . Fare , Hire ; also a litter of Piggs . Farting-crackers , c. Breeches . Fast-friends , sure or trusty . Fastner , c. a Warrant . Fastnesses , Boggs . Fat , the last landed , inned or stow'd of any sort of Merchandize whatever , so called by the several Gangs of Water-side-Porters , &c. Fat Cull , c. a rich Fellow . All the Fat is in the Fire , of a miscarriage or shrewd Turn . Change of Pasture makes Fat Calves , of him that thrives upon mending his Commons . Faulkner , c. see Tumbler , first Part. Faytors , c. the Second ( old ) Rank of the Canting Crew . F E Feat , strange , odd . Feats of Activity , exercise , or Agility of Body in Tumbling , turning through a Hoop , Running , Leaping , Vaulting , Wrestling , Pitching of the Bar , Quoiting , &c. or Slights of Hand , Tricks , Legerdemain , &c. Feats of Chivalry , Exploits of War , Riding the great Horse , Tilting , Tournaments , Running at the Ring , &c. Feather-bed-lane , any bad ▪ Road , but particularly that betwixt Dunchurch and Daintrie . He has a Feather in his Cap , a Periphrasis for a Fool. Play with a Feather , of things that are gamesom and full of Play , as Kittens and Kids . To Feather his Nest , to enrich himself by indirect means , or at the Expence of others . Fine Feathers make fine Birds . Gay Cloaths make fine Folks . Feble , the narrowest Part of the Sword-blade nearest the Point . Feinting , or Falsifying , to deceive the Adversary , by pretending to thrust in one Place , and really doing it in another . Fence , c. to Spend or Lay out . Fence his Hog , c. to Spend his Shilling . A Fence , c. a Receiver and Securer of Stolen-goods . Fencing Cully , c. a Broker , or Receiver of Stolen-goods . Fencing-ken , c. the Magazine , or Ware-house , where Stolen-goods are secured . Ferme , c. a Hole . Fermerly Beggers , c. all those that have not the Sham-sores or Cleymes . Ferret , c. a Tradesman that sells Goods to young Unthrifts , upon Trust at excessive Rates . Ferreted , c. Cheated ; also driven out of Holes and lurking Places , and hunted as Conies , by a little , Fierce , red-eyed Beast . Hence Ferret-eyed : or Eyes as red as a Ferret . Fetch , a Trick or Wheedle . A meer Fetch , that is far fetched , or brought in by Head and Shoulders . Fetids , Vegetables , or Animals , rank and strong-scented ; as Garlick , Assa soetida , &c. Pole-cats , Foxes , Goats , &c. Fewmets , Deers Excrements . F I Fib , c. to beat ; also a little Lie. Fib the Cove's quarrons in the Rum-pad , for the Lour in his Bung , c. Beat the Man in the High-way lustily for the Money in his Purse . Fickle , mutable , or changeable , of many Minds in a short time . Fiddle , c. a Writ to Arrest . Fiddle-faddle , meer silly Stuff , or Nonsense ; Idle , Vain Discourse . Fidlers-pay , Thanks and Wine . Filch , c. to Steal . Filchers , c. Thieves , Robbers . A good Filch , c. a Staff , of Ash or Hazel , with a Hole through , and a Spike at the bottom , to pluck Cloathes from a Hedge or any thing out of a Casement . Filching-cove , c. a Man-thief . Filching-mort , c. a Woman-thief . File , c. to Rob , or Cheat. The File , c. a Pick-pocket . Fine-mouth'd , nice , dainty . Finical , spruce , neat . Finify , to trick up , or dress sprucely . Fire-drakes , Men with a Phenix for their Badge , in Livery , and Pay from the Insurance-Office , to extinguish Fires , covering their Heads with an Iron-pot , or Head-piece ; also a Fiery Meteor , being a great unequal Exhalation inflamed between a Hot and a Cold Cloud . Fire-ship , a Pockey Whore. Fire-side , a Health to the Wife and Children . Firkin of soul Stuff , a very Homely coarse corpulent Woman . Fishing Bill , in Chancery , to make what Discoveries may be . Who Cries Stinking Fish ? or who dispraises his own Ware ? Good Fish when it is Caught , of what is not got so soon as reckoned upon . All is Fish that comes to Net , of him that flies boldly at all Game . I have other Fish to Fry , I am otherwise taken up , engag'd , or have other Business on my Hands . Fixen , a froward , peevish , Child ; also a She-Fox . Fizzle , a little or lowsounding Fart . F L Flabby , flimsy , not sound , firm or solid . Flagg , c. a Groat ; also a coarse rough Stone us'd in Paving . To Flagg , to fall off , droop , decline , or fail ; also to suspend or let fall a Suit or Prosecution . The Flag of Defiance is out , ( among the Tarrs ) the Fellow's Face is very Red , and he is Drunk . Flam , a Trick , or Sham-story . Flanderkin , a very large Fat Man or Horse ; also Natives of that Country . Flanders-fortunes , of small Substance . Flanders-pieces , Pictures that look fair at a distance , but coarser near at Hand . Flapdragon , a Clap or Pox. Flare , to Shine or glare like a Comet or Beacon . Flash , c. a Periwig . Rum Flash , c. a long , full , high-priz'd Wig. Queer Flash , c. a sorry weather-beaten Wig , not worth Stealing , fit only to put on a Pole or dress a Scare-Crow . Flashken , c. a House where Thieves use , and are connived at . Flasque , a Bottle ( or it 's resemblance ) of Sand , bound about with Iron , into which the melted Metal is by Coyners and others poured ; also a Pottle or five Pints and half , that quantity , formerly of Florence , now of any Wine : A Box for Gunpowder ; a Carriage for Ordinance ; an Arch-line somewhat distant from the corner of the Chief , and swelling by degrees toward the middle of the Escutcheon . Flat , dead Drink ; also dull Poetry or Discourse . Flavour , Scent of Fruits ; as Peaches , Quinces , &c. Or of Wines , as Rhenish , Canary , &c. Flaunting , tearing-fine . To Flaunt it , to Spark it , or Gallant it . Flaw , a water-flaw and a crack in Chrystals , as well as a speck in Gemms and Stones . Flaw'd , c. Drunk . Flay , to flea or skinn . He 'll flay a Flint , of a meer Scrat or Miser . Flear , to grinn . A Flearing Fool , a grinning silly Fellow . Fleece , to Rob , Plunder or Strip ; also Wooll , the true Golden-Fleece of England , a clear Spring , or Flowing Fountain of Wealth . Fleet , swift of Wing or Foot , in flight or Course , used not only of Birds upon the Wing , but of winged Arrows , resembling them in Flight . Flegmatic , dull , heavy . A Flegmatic Fellow , a drows yinsipid Tool , an ill Companion . Flesh-broker , a Match-maker ; also a Bawd ; between whom but little difference , for they both ( usually ) take Money . Flibustiers , West-Indian Pirates , or Buekaneers , Free-booters . Flicker , c. a Drinking Glass . Flicker snapt , c. the Glass is broken . Nim the Flicker , c. Steal the Glass . Rum Flicker , c. a large Glass or Rummer . Queer Flicker , c. a Green or ordinary Glass . To Flicker , to grin or flout : Flickering , grinning or laughing in a Man's Face . Flicking , c. to cut , cutting . Flick me some Panam and Cash , c. cut me some Bread and Cheese . Flick the Peeter , c. cut off the Cloak-bag or Port-manteau . Flip , Sea Drink , of small Beer . ( chiefly ) and Brandy , sweetned and Spiced upon occasion : A Kan of Sir. Clously , is among the Tarrs , a Kan of choice Flip , with a Lemon squeez'd in , and the Pill hung round . Flippant , pert and full of Prattle . Flimsy , flabby , not firm , sound or solid . Flocks and Herds , Flocks are of lesser Cattel , Herds are of Black Cattel , a Flock of Sheep or Goats , and sometimes of Birds , as Pidgeons ; and in Imitation of the Gregarious Creatures , Men , that are sociable , are said to follow and flock after one another as Sheep , or to flock together to see Shows and Spectacles . Flog , c. to Whip Flog'd , c. severely Lasht . Flogging-cove , c. the Beadle , or Whipper in Bridewell , or any such Place . Flogging-stake , c. a Whipping-post . Flogg'd at the Tumbler , c. Whipt at the Cart's Arse . Flogging , c. a Naked Woman's whipping ( with Rods ) an Old ( usually ) and ( sometimes ) a Young Lecher . As the Prancer drew the Queer-Cove , at the cropping of the Rotan , the Rum Pads of the Rum vile , and was Flogg'd by the Rum Cove , c. the Rogue was dragg'd at the Cart's tail through the chief Streets of London , and was soundly Whipt by the Hangman . Florence , a Wench that is rouz'd and ruffled . Florentine , a made Dish of Minced Meats , Currans , Spice , Eggs , &c. Bak'd . Flounce , to toss , to fling and flounce , to fling and toss . Flout , a jeer , to flout or jeer . Flummery , a cleansing Dish made of Oatmeal boyl'd in Water to a kind of Jelly or Consistence and strained . Flush in the Pocket , c. full of Money . The Cull is flush in the Fob , the Spark's Pocket is well Lined with Money . Flushing in the Face , a frequent redning , occasion'd by a sudden Question , surprize , and also from a distemper'd Liver . Flustered . Drunk . Flute , c. the Recorder of London , or of any other Town . Flutter , or Flie low , anciently to Flitter , hence a Flitter-mouse or Bat ; as much as to say , a Flying Mouse , as an Owl is a Flying-Cat . Flyers , c. Shoes . Flying-Camps , Beggers plying in Bodies at Funerals . F O Fob , c. a cheat , trick ; also a little Pocket . Fob off , slyly to cheat or deceive . Fogus , c. Tobacco . Tip me gage of Fogus , c. give me a Pipe of Tobacco . Foiling , the Footing of Deer on the Grass , scarce seen . Folks , the Servants , or ordinary People , as Country-folks , Harvest-Folks , Work-folks , &c. The Folks Bread or Pudding , for the coarsest Bread or Pudding . Fool 's Coat , or Colours , a Motley of incongruous Colours too near a Kin to match , as Red and Yellow , which is the Fool 's Coat with us , as Blew and Green is with the French. A Fool's-Coat , a Tulip so called , striped with Red and Yellow . Fools-Cap , a sort of Paper so called . Footman's Mawnd , c. an artificial Sore made with unslack'd Lime , Soap and the Rust of old Iron , on the Back of a Begger 's hand , as if hurt by the bite or kick of a Horse . Foot-pad , c. see Low-pad , for one Foot in the Grave , a Pariphrasis an old Man. He has the length of his Foot. Fop , Foppish , one that is singular or affected in Dress , Gestures , &c. Foplin , the same , only younger . Forebode , to presage , betoken or fore-show . Foreboding-signs , tokens , Presages of ill Luck ; as spilling of the Salt , a Hare 's crossing the Way ; Croaking of Ravens ; Screaking of Screach-Owls . Or of ill Weather , either natural Signs or artificial ; as , Aches , Corns , Cry of a Peacock , Water-galls , Weather-Glasses , &c. Forecast , contrivance or laying a design ; Precaution , or the Wisdom of Prevention , which is beyond the Wisdom of Remedy . To Forecast , to contrive , or digest Matters for Execution . Foreman of the Jury , he that engrosses all the Talk to himself . Forestall , to antedate or anticipate . Fork , c. a Pick-pocket . Let 's fork him , c. let us Pick that Man's Pocket , the newest and most dextrous way : It is , to thrust the Fingers , strait , stiff , open , and very quick into the Pocket , and so closing them , hook what can be held between them . Fork is often Rakes Heir , or after a scraping Father comes a scattering Son. Forlorn-hope , c. losing Gamesters ; also in another Sense , a Party of Soldiers , &c. put upon the most desperate Service . Fort , the broad Part of the Sword-blade nearest to the Hilt. Fortune , a rich Maid , or wealthy Widdow , an Heiress . Fortune-hunters , Pursuers of such to obtain them in Marriage . A Creature of Fortune , one that Lives by his Wits . A Soldier of Fortune , the Heir of his own Right-hand as the Spaniards call him . A Gamester of Fortune , one that Lives by shaking his Elbow . He has made his Fortune , he has got a good Estate . Fortune-Tellers , c. the Judges of Life and Death , so called by the Canting Crew : Also Astrologers , Physiognomists , Chiromancers , &c. Founder'd Horse , Lame . Ship at Sea ▪ that sprung a Leak and Sunk downright . Foundling , a Child dropt in the Streets for the Parish ( the most able ) to keep . Foul Jade , an ordinary coarse Woman . Foul Wine , when it stinks ; also when unfine , or Lees flying in the Glass . Fox , the second Year ; also a sharp cunning Fellow . Fox'd , Drunk . He has caught a Fox , he is very Drunk . An old Fox , after the second Year ; also a subtil old Fellow ; also an old broad Sword. A Fox-blade , a Sword-blade with a Fox ( or some thing like it ) Grav'd on it , esteem'd good Metal . Foxkennelleth , Lodgeth . Foy , a farewell or taking leave , usually a Parting-glass . To Pay his Foy , to make his Friends Merry , before he leaves them . Foyl-cloy , c. a Pick-pocket , a Thief , a Rogue . Foyst , c. a Cheat a Rogue ; also a close strong Stink , without Noise or Report . F R Fraters , c. the eighth Order of Canters , such as Beg with a Sham-patents or Briefs for Spitals , Prisons , Fires . &c. Fray , an Encounter , or Disorder . Better come at the latter end of a Feast , than the beginning of a Fray. To Fray , to scare or frighten ; also to break or crack in wearing . Hence frail , brittle or soon broke ; and when Deer rub and push their Heads against Trees to get the pells of their new Horns off . Freak , a Whim or Maggot . Freakish , Fantastic , Whimsical , Capricious . Freameth , see Wild Boar. Free-booters , Lawless Robbers , and Plunderers ; also Soldiers serving for that Privilege without Pay , and Inroaders . Freeholder , he whose Wife goes with him to the Ale-house ; also he that has to the Value of Fourty Shillings ( or more ) a Year in Land. Freeze , a thin , small , hard Cyder much us'd by Vintners and Coopers in parting their Wines , to lower the Price of them , and to advance their Gain . French Gout , the Pox. A blow with a French Faggot-Stick , when the Nose is fallen by the Pox. Frenchified , in the French Interest or Mode ; also Clapt or Poxt . Fresh-man , a Novice , in the University . Fresh-water-seamen , that have never been on the Salt , or made any Voyage , meer Land-Men . Fret ▪ to fume ▪ or chafe ; also Wine in fermenting is said to be upon the Fret . Fricassee , any Fried Meats , but chiefly of Rabbets . Friggat well rigg'd , a Woman well Drest and Gentile . Frigid , a weak disabled Husband , cold , impotent . Frippery , old Clothes . Froe , c. for Urowe , ( Dutch ) a Wife , Mistress , or Whore Brush to your Froe , ( or Bloss , ) and wheedle for Crap , c. whip to your Mistress and speak her fair to give , or lend you some Money . Frog-landers , Dutchmen . Frolicks , lewd or merry Pranks , pleasant Rambles , and mad Vagaries . Frummagem'd , c. choaked . Frump , a dry Bob , or Jest . F U Fuants , Excrements of all Vermin . Fubbs , a loving , fond Word used to prety little Children and Women ; also the Name of a Yacht . Fuddle , Drink . This is Rum fuddle , c. this is excellent Tipple . Fuddle-cap , a Drunkard . Fulsom , is a Nauseous sort of Excess ; as fulsom fat , loathsom fat , or fat to loathing . Fulsom flattery , nauseous or gross Flattery laid on too thick ; as Embroidery too thick Laid on is dawbing with Gold or Silver-lace . Fumbler , an unperforming Husband , one that is insufficient , a weak Brother . Fumblers ▪ Hall , the Place where such are to be put for their Nonperformance . Fun , c. a Cheat , or slippery Trick ; also an Arse . What do you fun me ? Do you think to Sharp or Trick me ? I 'll Kick your Fun , c. I 'll Kick your Arse . He put the Fun upon the Cull , c. he sharp'd the Fellow . I Funn ▪ d him , c. I was too hard for him , I out-witted or rook'd him . Fund , or Fond , a Bank , or Stock or Exchequer of Money , or Moneys worth ; also a Bottom or Foundation . A Staunch Fund , a good Security . Funk , c. TobaccoSmoak ; also a strong Smell or Stink . What a Funk here is ! What a thick Smoak of Tobacco is here ! Here 's a damn'd Funk , here 's a great Stink . Furbish-up , to Scrub-up , to Scowre , or Refresh old Armour , &c. He is mightily Furbish'd-up on a suddain , when a Man not accustom'd to wear fine Cloaths , gets a ▪ good Suit on his Back . Fur-men , c. Aldermen : Fussocks , a meer Fussocks , a Lazy Fat-Ars'd Wench . A Fat Fussocks , a Flusom , Fat , Strapping Woman . Fustian-verse . Verse in Words of Iofty Sound , and humble Sense . Fustiluggs , a Fulsom , Beastly , Nasty Woman . G Gad up and down , to Fidle and Fisk , to run a Gossiping . Gadding Gossips , way-going Women , Fidging and Fisking every where . A Gad of Steel . Gag , c. to put Ironpinns into the Mouths of the Robbed , to hinder them Crying out . Gage , c. a Pot or Pipe. Tip me a Gage , c. give me a Pot or Pipe , or Hand hither , the Pot , or Pipe. Gallant , a very fine Man ; also a Man of Metal , or a brave Fellow ; also one that Courts or keeps , or is Kept by a Mistress , Gallant a Fan , to break it with Design , or Purpose to have the Opportunity and Favour to Present a better . Gambals , Christmas Gamballs , merry Frolicks or Pranks . Game , c. Bubbles drawn in to be cheated ; also at a Bawdy-house , Lewd Women . Have ye any Game Mother ? Have ye any Whores Mistress Baw'd ; and in another Sense . What you game me ? c. do you jeer me , or pretend to expose me , to make a May-game of me . Gamesome , Wanton , Frolicksom , Playful . Gan , c. a Mouth . Ganns , c. the Lipps . Gang , an ill Knot or Crew of Thieves , Pick-pockets or Miscreants ; also a Society of Porters under a Regulation , and to go . Gape-seed , whatever the gazing Crowd idly stares and gapes after ; as Puppet-shows , Rope-dancers , Monsters , and Mountebanks , any thing to feed the Eye . Garish , gaudy , tawdry , bedawbed with Lace , or all bedeck't with mismatcht , or staring Colours . Garnish ▪ money , what is customarily spent among the Prisoners at first coming in . Gaume , see Paume . Gaunt , lank , thin , hollow . G E Gears , Rigging or Accoutrements , Head-gear the Linnen or dress of the Head. In his Gears , ready Rigg'd or Drest . Out of his Gears out of Kelter , or out of sorts . It wont Gee , it won't Hit , or go . Gelt , c. Money . There is no Gelt to be got , c. Trading is very Dead . Gentian-wine , Drank for a Whet before Dinner . Gentry-cove , c. a Gentle-man . Gentry-cove-ken , c. a Nobleman's or Gentleman's House . Gentry-mort , c. a Gentlewoman . George , c. a half Crown piece . He tipt me Forty Georges for my Earnest , c. he paid me Five Pounds for my Share or Snack . G I Gibbrish , the Canting Tongue , or Jargon . Gig , c. a Nose ; also a Woman's Privities . Snichel the Gig , c. Fillip the Fellow on the Nose . A young Gig , a wanton Lass . Gigger , c. a Door . Dub the Gigger , c. open the Door with the Pick-lock that we may go in and Rob the House . Giglers , c. wanton Women . Gigling , Laughing loud and long . Gill , a Quartern ( of Brandy , Wine , &c. ) also a homely Woman . Every Jack must have his Gill. There 's not so Ord'nary a Gill , but there 's as Sorry a Jack . Gill-ale , Physic-ale . Gillflurt , a proud , Minks . Gilt , c. a Pick-lock ; also a Slut or light Housewife . Gimcrack , a spruce Wench ; also a Bauble or Toy . Ginger-bread , Money . Gingerly , gently , softly , easily . Gin , a snare or nooze , to catch Birds , as a Spring is to catch Hares . Gingumbobs , Toies or Baubles . Ginny , c. an Instrument to lift up a Grate , the better to Steal what is in the Window . Gipp , to cure or cleanse Herrings in order to Pickling . Girds , Taunts , Quips Gibes or Jeers . Bitter Girds , Biting sharp Reflections . Under his Girdle , within his Power , or at his Beck . If you are angry , you may turn the Buckle of your Girdle be hind you , to one Angry for a small Matter , and whose Anger is as little valued . Give Nature a Fillip , to Debauch a little now and then with Women , or Wine . G L Glade , Shade . Glance of an Eye , a Cast of the Eye ; at the first Glance , at a Brush , or at the first Cast . Glanders , filthy yellow Snot at ( Horses ) Noses , caught from Cold. Glare , a Glister ; also the weak Light of a Comet , Candle , or Glow-worm . To Glare , or blaze like a Comet , or Candle . Hence Glore , as Pottage Glore , or Shine with Fat. Glaive , a Bill or Sword. Glaver , to Fawn and Flatter . A Glavering Fellow , a False Flattering Fellow . Glaze , c. the Window . Glazier , c. one that creeps in at Casements , or unrips Glass-windows to Filch and Steal . Glaziers , c. Eyes . The Cove has Rum Glaziers , c. that Rogue has excellent Eyes , or an Eye like a Cat. Glee , Mirth , Pastime . Gleam , a weak or waterish Light ; hence a Glimmering or Twinkling of a Star. Glib , Smooth , with - , out a Rub. Glib-tongued Voluble , ready or Nimbleto-ngued . Glim , c. a Dark-Lanthorn used in Robbing Houses ; also to burn in the Hand . As the Cull was Glimm'd , he gangs to the Nubb , c. if the Fellow has been Burnt in the Hand , he 'll be Hang'd now . Glimfenders , c. Andirons . Rum Glimfenders , Silver Andirons . Glimflashy , c. angry or in a Passion . The Cull is Glimflashy , the Fellow is in a Heat . Glimmer , c. Fire . Glimjack , c. a Link-boy . Glimmerer , c. the Twenty second Rank of the Canting Tribe , begging with Sham Licences , pretending to Losses by Fire , &c. Glimstick , c. a Candlestick . Rum Glimsticks , c. Silver Candlesticks . Queer Glimsticks , c. Brass , Pewter or Iron Candlesticks . Glow , either to Shine or be Warm , as Glow-worm from the first , and glowing of the Cheeks , or glowing of Fire , with relation to the last . G O Goads , c. those that Wheedle in Chapmen for Horse-coursers . Goalers-Coach , a Hurdle . Goat , a Lecher , or very Lascivious Person . Goatish , Lecherous , Wanton , Lustful . Gob , c. the Mouth ; also a Bit or Morsel ; hence Gobbets , now more in use for little Bits ; as a Chop of Meat is a good Cut. Gift of the Gob , a wide , open Mouth ; also a good Songster , or Singing-master . God's Penny , Earnest Money , to bind a Bargain . Gold-droppers , Sweetners , Cheats , Sharpers . Going upon the Dub , c. Breaking a House with Picklocks . Gold-finch , c. he that has alwaies a Purse or Cod of Gold in his Fob . Gold-finders , Emptiers of Jakes or Houses of Office . Good Fellow , a Pot-companion or Friend of the Bottle . Goose , or Goose-cap . a Fool. Find fault with a Fat Goose , or without a Cause . Go Shoe the Goose . Fie upon Pride when Geese go Bare-legg'd . He 'll be a Man among the Geese when the Gander is gon , or a Man before his Mother . A Tayler's Goose Roasted , a Red-hot smoothing Iron , to Close the Seams . Hot and heavy like a Tayler's Goose , may be applied to a Passionate Coxcomb . Goree , c. Money , but chiefly Gold. Gossips , the Godfathers and Godmothers at Christnings ; also those that are noted for Gossiping , much Idle Prating , and Tittle Tattle . G R Graces , or Ornaments of Speech . With a good Grace , what is Becoming , Agreeable . Withan ill Grace , what is Unbecoming or Disagreeable . Grafted , made a Cuckold of . Grannam , c. Corn. Grannam-gold , old Hoarded Coin. Granny , an old Woman , also a Grandmother . Grapple , to close in Fisticuffs or Fighting , Oppos'd to Combating at Arms-end ; also a fastning of Ships together in an Engagement with Grappling Irons , a kind of Anchors ( or resembling them ) with four Flooks and no-Stock . Grasp , to Catch and Holdfast . or press with the close Fist . Grating , harsh Sounds , disagreeable , shocking and Offensive to the Ear. Great Buck , the Sixth Year . Great Hare , the Third Year and afterwards . Gratings , the chequer'd Work clapt on the Deck ▪ of a Ship to let in the Light and Air. Green-bag , a Lawyer . Green-gown , a throwing of young Lasses on the Grass and Kissing them . Green-head , a very raw Novice , or unexperienc'd Fellow . Greshamite , a Virtuoso , or Member of the Royal Society . Grig , c. a Farthing ; also a very small Eel . A merry Grig , a merry Fellow . Not a Grig did he tip me , c. not a Farthing wou'd he give me . Grilliade , any Broild Meats , Fish or Flesh . Grimaces , Mops and Mows , or making of Faces . Grim , Stern , Fierce , Surly . Grinders , c. Teeth The Cove has Rum Grinders , c. the Rogue has excellent Teeth . Gripe , or Griper , an old Covetous Wretch ; also a Banker , Money Scrivener , or Usurer . Griping , is an Epithet commonly affixed either to the Exactions of Oppressive Governors , or to the Extortions of Usurers ; Griping Usurers , and griping Usury being as ordinary in English as Usura vorax in Latin. Griskins , Steaks off the Rump of Beef ; also Pork-bones with some tho' not much Flesh on them , accounted very sweet Meat Broyled . Gropers , c. blind Men. Grotesque , a wild sort of Painting mostly us'd for Banquetting or Summer-houses . Grounds , Unscented Hair Powder , made of Starch , or Rice . see Alabaster . Grownd-Sweat ▪ a Grave ▪ Growse , Health-polts . Growneth , the Noise a Buck makes at Rutting time . Groyne , corruptly by the Tarrs for Coronna , a Seaport of Galicia in Spain . Grub-street News ▪ false , Forg'd . Grum , the same as Grim , Stern or Fierce . Grumbletonians , Malecontents , out of Humour with the Government , for want of a Place , or having lost one . Grumbling of the Gizzard , Murmuring , Muttering ▪ Repining , Resenting . Grunter , c. a Sucking Pig. Grunting Cheat , c. a Pig. Grunting Peeck , c. Pork . Guard , of old Safeguard , now shortned into Guard , either for State , as Princes have their Guards , or for security so Prisoners have theirs ; also the Shell of a Sword , and the best Posture of Defence . Gugaws , Toies , Trifles . Gull , c. a Cheat. Gull'd , c. Cheated , Rookt , Sharpt . Gullet , a Derisory Term for the Throat , from Gula. Gull-gropers , c. a By-stander that Lends Money to the Gamesters . Gundigutts , a fat pursy Fellow . In the Gun , Drunk . As sure as a un , or Cock-sure . Out of Gun-shot ; aloof from Dansger , or out of Harm's way . Gun-powder , an old Woman . Gust or Gusto , a right Relish , Savour , or true Taste of any thing . A Delicious Gusto , Wines , Fruits , or Meats of a curious or pleasant Taste . A Gust of Wind , a short , sudden , furious Blast , as we say a Dash of Rain , for a sudden , short , impetuous Beat of Rain . Guzzle , Drink . Guzzling , Drinking much . Gut-foundred , exceeding Hungry . Gutling , Eating much . A Gutling Fellow , a great Eater . Gutter-Lane , the Throat . Gutters , the little streak in a Deer's Beam. Gutting , An House , Rifling it , Clearing it . An Oyster , Eating it . Gutts , a very fat , gross Person . G Y Gybe , c. any Writing or Pass Sealed ; also Jerk or Jeer. Gyb'd , c. Jerkt or Whipt . Gybing , jeering . Gypsies , a Counterfeit Brood of wandering Rogues and Wenches , herding together , and Living promicuously , or in common , under Hedges and in Barns , Disguising themselves with Blacking their Faces and Bodies , and wearing an Antick Dress , as well as Devising a particular Cant , Scrolling up and down , and under colour of Fortune-telling , Palmestry , Physiognomy , and Cure of Diseases ; impose allwaies upon the unthinking Vulgar , and often Steal from them , whatever is not too Hot for their Fingers , or too Heavy to carry off . A Cunning Gypsy , a sharp , sly Baggage , a Witty Wench . As Tann'd as a Gypsy , of a Gypsy-hue or colour . Gyrle , see Roe . H Habberdasher of Nouns and Pronouns , Schoolmaster or Usher . Hab-nab , at Aventure , Unsight , Unseen , Hit or Miss . Hack , the Place where the Hawk's meat is laid . Hack and Hue , to Cut in Pieces . Hacks or Hackneys , hirelings . Hackney-whores , Common Prostitutes . Hackney-Horses , to be let to any Body . Hackney-Scriblers , Poor Hirelings Mercenary Writers . Hackum , a c. Fighting Fellow , see Captain Hackum . Haddums , The Spark has been at Haddums , He is Clapt , or Poxt . Hag , an old Witch . Hagged , Lean , Witched , Half-Starved . Hagboat , a huge Vessel for Bulk and Length , Built chiefly to fetch great Masts , &c. Hagbut , a Hand-gun Three quarters of a Yard long . Haggle , to run from Shop to Shop , to stand hard to save a Penny. A Hagler , one that Buys of the Country-Folks , and Sells in the Market , and goes from Door to Door . Halfbord , c. Six Pence . Half a Hog , c. Six Pence . Half Seas over , almost Drunk . Hamlet , c : a High Constable . Hamper'd , caught in a Nooze , entangled , or embarassed in an intricate Affair . Handy , Dextrous . Handy Blows , Fifty-cuffs . Handycrafts , the Manual Arts of Mechanic Trades . A great Twobanded Sword , a swinging broad Sword. A great Twohanded Fellow , a huge swinging Fellow . Such a thing fell into his Hand , of one that improves another's Notion , Speech , or Invention . He will make a Hand of it , he will make a Penny of it , or make it turn to Account . They are Hand and Glove , of Friends or Camerades that are Inseparable , and almost to the same purpose , Clove and Orange . Change Hands , and change Luck , or to Play your Cards in another Hand . The same Hand and Fair Play , when they Play on without changing Hands . Many Hands make light Work. You stand with your Hands in your Pockets , to an Idle Fellow that finds nothing to do . Hank , He has a Hank upon him , or the Ascendant over him . Hanker after , to Long or wish much for . Hanktelo , a silly Fellow , a meer Cods-head . Hans-en-kelder , Jack in the Box , the Child in the Womb , or a Health to it . Hard Drink , that is very Stale , or begining to Sower . Hard-drinking , excessive Soking , or toping aboundance . Hard Bargain , a severe one . Hard-favor'd , Ugly , Homely . Hard Frost , a Keen or Sharp one . Hard Case , a severe or deep Misfortune , or ill Treatment . Hard Master or Dealer , a very near one or close . Hare , the second Year . A great Hare , the third Year , Leveret the first Year . To hold with the Hare and run with the Hound , or to keep fair with both Parties at once . Hare-lipp'd , Notcht or turn'd up in the middle . Hare-sleep , with Eies a'most open . Hared , Hurried . Hare Seateth or Formeth , the proper term for the Place where she Setts or Lies . A Hare Beateth or Tappeth , makes a noise at Rutting time . He has swallow'd a Hare , he is very Drunk . Harking , Whispering on one side to borrow Money . Harman , c. a Constable . Harmans , c. the Stocks . Harman-beck , c. a Beadle . Harp-upon , a business to insist on it . Harridan , c. one that is half Whore , half Bawd. Hart , the Sixth Year , A Stag , the fifth Year . A Staggard , the fourth . A Brock the third . A Knobber , the second . Hind Calf , or Calf ▪ the First . Hart Harboureth , Lodgeth . Hart Royal , having been Hunted by a King or Queen . Unharbour the Hart , Dislodge him . A Hart Belleth , maketh a Noise at Rutting time . A Hart goeth to Rut , the Term for Copulation . Hartfordshire-kindness , Drinking to the same Man again . Harthold or prety Hearty , of good Courage , or pert Spirit . Hasty , very Hot on asudden . The most Haste the worst speed , or Haste makes Waste , of him that loses a Business by hurrying of it . You are none of the Hastings , of him that loses an Opportunity or a Business for want of Dispatch . Hatchet-fac'd , Hard-favor'd , Homely . Under the Hatches , in Trouble , or Prison . Haut-bois , Oaks , Beaches , Ashes , Poplars , &c. Also well known and pleasant Martial Music . Havock , Waste , Spoil , They made sad Havock , they Destroy'd all before ' em . Hawk , c. a Sharper . Hawkers , Retail News-Sellers . Hawking , going about Town and Country , with Scotch-Cloth , &c. or News-Papers ; also Spitting difficultly . Hay , a separate Enclosure of Wood Land , within a Forrest or Park , Fenced with a Rail or Hedge , or both . To Dance the Hay . To make Hay while the Sun Shines , or make good use of one's Time. Hazy Weather , when it is Thick , Misty , Foggy . Hazle-geld , to Beat any one with a Hazle-Stick or Plant. H E Heady , strong Liquors that immediately fly up into the Noddle , and so quickly make Drunk . Headstrong , Stubborn ; Ungovernable . A Scald Head is soon Broke . Head-Bully of the Pass or Passage Bank , c. the Top Tilter of that Gang , throughout the whole Army , who Demands and receives Contribution from all the Pass Banks in the Camp. Hearing Cheats , c. Ears . Hearts-ease , c. a Twenty shilling piece ; also an ordinary sort of Strong Water ; and an Herb called by some the Trinity , by others , Three Faces in a Hood , Live in Idleness , Call me to you , or Pansies , an excellent Antivenerean . &c. Heathen Philosopher , a sorry poor tatter'd Fellow , whose Breech may be seen through his Pocket-holes . Heave , c. to Rob. Heave a Bough , c. to Rob a House . Heaver , c. a Breast . Heavy , is either gross in Quantity , or slow in Motion , because ordinarily the one is not without the other , and therefore we say , heavy Bodies move slowly . A heavy Fellow , a dull Blockish Slug. Hector , a Vaporing , Swaggering Coward . Hedge , to secure a desperate Bet , Wager or Debt ▪ By Hedge or by Style , by Hook or by Crook . Hedge-bird , a Scoundrel or sorry Fellow . Hedge-creeper , c. a Robber of Hedges . Hedge-grapes , very Crabbed , wholly unfit to make Wine . Hedge-priest , a sorry Hackney , Underling ▪ Illiterate , Vagabond , see Patrico . Hedge-Tavern , or Alehovse , a Jilting , Sharping Tavern , or Blind Ale-house . It hangs in the Hedge , of a Law-suit or any thing else Depending , Undetermined . As common as the Hedge , or High-way , said of a Prostitute or Strumpet . Hell , the Place where the Taylers lay up their Cabbage , or Remnants , which are sometimes very Large . Hell-born-babe , a Lewd , Graceless , Notorious Youth . Hell-cat , a very Lewd Rakehelly Fellow . Hill-driver , a Coachman . Hell-bound , a Profligate , Lewd Fellow . Helter-skelter , Pell-mell . Hempen-widdow , one whose Husband was Hang'd . Hem , to call after one with an inarticulate Noise . Homuse , see Roe . Hen-hearted , Cowardly , Fearful . Hen-peckt Friggat , whose Commander and Officers are absolutely sway'd by their Wives . Henpeckt Husband , whose Wife wears the Breeches . Herd of Dear or Hares , a Company . H I Hick , c. any Person of whom any Prey can be made , or Booty taken from ; also a silly Country Fellow . Hide-bound-horse , whose Skin sticks very close , and tite like a Pudding Bag , usually when very Fat. Hide-bound-muse , Stiff , hard of Delivery , Sir J. Suckling call'd Ben. Johnson's so . Higglede-piggledy , all to gether , as Hoggs and Piggs lie Nose in Arse . High Flyers , Impudent , Forward , Loose , Light Women ; also bold Adventurers . High-shoon , or Clouted-shoon ▪ a Country Clown . High Pad , c. a High-way Robber well Mounted and Armed . Highjinks , a Play at Dice who Drinks . Hightetity , a Ramp or Rude Girl . High Tide , c. when the Pocket is full of Money . Hind , the Plough-boy or Ploughman's Servant at Plough and Cart. Hinde , the third Year ; Hearse or Brockets Sister , the second Year ; Calf the first Year . Hip , upon the Hip , at an Advantage , in Wrestling or Business . Hissing , the Note of the Snake and the Goose , the Quenching of Metals in the Forge ; also upon any dislike at the Play-house , and sometimes tho' seldom in the Courts of Judicature , upon any foul Proceedings . The like is don , also in other larger Assemblies . H O Hob , a plain Country Fellow ; or Clown , also the Back of a Chimney . Hobinal , the same . Hobbist , a Disciple , and fond Admirer of Thomas Hobbs , the fam'd Philosopher of Malmsbury . Sir Posthumus Hobby , one that Draws on his Breeches with a Shoeing-horn ; also a Fellow that is Nice and Whimsical in the set of his Cloaths . Hob-nail , a Horse Shoe-nail ; also a High-shoon or Country Clown . Hobsons-choice , that or None . Hocus-pocus , a Juggler that shews Tricks by Slight of Hand . Hodge , a Country Clown , also Roger. Hodmendods , Snails in their Shells . Hodge-podge , see Hotch-potch . Hog , c. a Shilling ; also see Wild Boar. You Darkman Budge , will you Fence your Hog at the next Boozing-ken , c ▪ do ye hear you House Creeper , will you Spend your Shilling at the next Ale-house . A meer Hog or Hoggish Fellow , a greedy ▪ covetous , morose Churl ▪ A Hog-grubber , a close-fisted , narrow-soul'd sneaking Fellow . He has brought his Hoggs to a fair Market , or he has Spun a fair Thread . Great Cry and little Wooll , as the Man said , when he Shear'd his Hoggs , Labour in Vain , which the Latines express by Goats-wooll , as the English by the shearing of Hoggs . Hogg-steer , see Wild Boar. Hogen-mogen , a Dutch Man ; also High and Mighty , the Sovereign States of Holland . Hogo , for Haut Goust , a strong Scent ; also a high Taste or Relish in Sauce . Hold his Nose to the Grind-stone , to keep him Under , or Tie him Neck and Heels in a Bargain . Hollow-hearted , False , Base , Perfidious , Treacherous . Holyday-bowler , a very bad Bowler . Holyday Cloths , the Best . Blind Mon's Holyday , when it is Night . Hop-merchant , a Dancing-master . To Hop , denotes the Progressive Motion of Reptiles on the Ground , whence Grashopper , and Answers to the Fluttring or slow Flight of Insects in the Air ; or Else the Transits or Leaps of a Bird from one Perch to another in a Cage , or the Skips of a Squirrel from Tree to Tree and Bough to Bough in the Wood. Homine , Indian Corn. To beat Homine , to pound that in a Mortar . Honey-moon , the first Month of Marriage . Hood , the ancient Cover for Men's Heads , ( before the Age of Bonnets and Hatts ) being of Cloath Button'd under the Chin , not unlike a Monk's Cowl ▪ Two Faces under one Hood , a Double Dealer . Hood wink'd , Blindfolded or Bluffed . Hoof it , or Beat it on the Hoof , to walk on Foot. Hookt , over-reached , Snapt , Trickt . Off the Hooks , in an ill Mood , or out of Humor . By Hook or by Crook , by Fair Means or Foul. Hookers , c. the third Rank of Canters ; also Sharpers . Hopper-arst , when the Breech sticks out . Horn-mad , stark staring Mad because Cuckolded . Horse-play , any rude Boisterous sort of Sport. You must not look a Given Horse in the Mouth , or what is freer then Gift ? One Man may better Steal a Horse than another look on . The Master's Eye makes the Horse Fat. An ill Horse that can't carry his own Provender . Set the Saddle on the Right Horse , lay the Blame where the Fault is . The Cart before the Horse . A short Horse is soon Curried , a little Business is soon Dispatched . The Gray Mare is the better Horse , said of one , whose Wife wears the Breeches . Fallen away from a Horse-load to a Cart-load , spoken Ironically of one considerably improved in Flesh on a sudden . Host , an Inn-keeper or Victualler ; also an Army . Hostess , a Land-lady . To reckon without your Host : Or count your Chickens before they are Hatcht . Hot , exceeding Passionate , Hot Work , much Mischief done , or a great Slaughter . Hot-cockles , a Play among Children ▪ It revives the Cockles of my Heart , said , of agreeable News , or a Cup of Comfort , Wine or Cordial Water . Hot Pot , Ale and Brandy boyled together . Hot Spur , a fiery furious passionate Fellow ; also early or forward Peas . Hotch-potch , an Oglio or Medly of several Meats in one Dish . House of Call , the usual lodging ▪ Place of Journey-men Tailers . House Tailers , Upholsterers . How , to a Deer . Howleth , the Noise a Wolf maketh at Rutting time . H U Hubbub , a Noise in the Streets made by the Rabble . Huckster , a sharp Fellow . Hucksters , the Retailers of the Market , who Sell in the Market at second Hand . In Huckster's Hands , at a desperate Pass , or Condition ▪ or in a fair way to be Lost . Hue , c. to Lash ; also the Complexion or Colour . Hued , c. Lasht or Flogg'd . The Cove was Hued in the Naskin , c. the Rogue was severe-Lasht in Bridewell . Hue and Cry , the Country rais'd after a Thief . Huff , a Bullying Fellow . Captain Huff , any noted Bully , or Huffing Blade . To Huff and Ding , to Bounce and Swagger . Hugger-mugger , Closely or by Stealth , Under board : To Eat ▪ so , that is , to Eat by one's self . Hulver-head , a silly foolish Fellow . Hum-cap , old , mellow and very strong Beer . Hum and haw , to Hesitate in Speech ; also to delay , or difficultly to be brought to Consent . Hummer , a loud Lie , a Rapper . Hum , or Humming Liquor , Double Ale , Stout , Pharoah . Hummums , a Bagnio . Humorist , a Whimsical Fantastical Fellow . Hump-backt , Crook-backt . Hump-shoulder'd , or Crook-shoulder'd . Humptey-dumptey , Ale boild with Brandy . Hunch , to justle , or thrust . Hunks , a covetous Creature , a miserable Wretch . Hunting , c. decoying , or drawing others into Play. Hunteth for his Kind , see Otter . Hurly-burly , Rout , Riot , Bustle , Confusion . Hurrican , a violent Storm or Tempest ; also a disorder or confusion in Business . Hurridun , see Harridan . Hush , very still , quiet . All was Hush , a great or profound Silence . Husht up , concealed , or clapt up without Noise . Husky-lour , c. a Guinea , or Job . Hussy , an abbreviation of Housewife , and sometimes a Term of Reproch , as , how now Hussy , or she is a Light Hussy , or Housewife . Hut , from ; a Term much us'd by Carters , &c. Also , a little House or slight Abode for Soldiers , Peasants , &c. Huzza , Originally the Cry of the Huzzars , or Hungarian Horsemen ; but now the Shouts and Acclamations , of any Soldiers , or of the Mob . I Jabber , to Talk thick and fast , as great Praters do , or to Chatter like a Magpye . Jack , c. a Farthing , a small Bowl ( the mark ) to throw at , an Instrument to draw on Boots , hence Jack-boots ; also a Leathern Vessel to Drink out of , and an Engine to set the Spit a going . Jack in an Office , of one that behaves himself Imperiously in it . Every Jack will have a Gill , or the Coursest He , will have as Coarse a She. He wou'd n't tip me Jack , c. not a Farthing wou'd he give me . Jack-adams , a Fool. Jack-a-dandy , a little impertinent insignificant Fellow . Jack Kitoh , c. the Hangman of that Name , but now all his Successors . Jack in a Box , c. a Sharper , or Cheat. Jackanapes , a Term of Reproach , a little sorry Whipper-snapper ; also a well known waggish Beast ▪ As full of Tricks as a Jackanapes . Jack-sprat , a Dwarf , or very little Fellow , a Hop-on-my-thumb . Jack at a Pinch , a poor Hackney Parson . Jack-hawk , the Male. Jacobites , Zealous Sticklers for the late King James , and his Interest ; also sham or Collar Shirts , and Hereticks Anno 530 , following one Jacobus Syrus , who held but one Will , Nature and Operation in Christ , Circumcision of both Sexes , &c. Jade , a Terme of Reproch given to Women , as Idle Jade , Lazy Jade , silly Jade , &c. As dull Jade , tried Jade , to a heavy or over-ridden Horse . Jakes , a House of Office. Jague , c. a Ditch . Janizaries , formerly , only the Grand Signior's Foot Guard , chosen out of Tributary Christians , taken early from their Parents , and perverted to Mahumetanism , ever accounted their best Soldiers ; but now any Prince's or great Man's Guards ; also the Mob sometimes so called , and Bailives , Serjeants , Followers , Yeomen , Setters , and any lewd Gang depending upon others . Jarke , c. a Seal . Jarke-men , c. the Fourteenth Order of the Canting Tribe ; also those who make Countefeit Licences and Passes , and are well paid by the other Beggers for their Pains . Jarrs , Quarrels , Disputes , Contentions . Jason's Fleece , c. a Citizen cheated of his Gold. Jayl-birds , Prisoners . I C Ice-houses , Repositories to keep Ice and Snow under Ground all Summer , as there are Conservatories to House Orange-Trees , Limes , and Myrtles in the Winter . Break Ice in one place and it will Crack in more , or find out one slippery Trick , and suspect another . When the Ice is once broke , or when the Way is open others will Follow. Ice or Icicles , little pendulous pieces of Ice under the Eaves . I D Idioms , Proprieties of any Speech or Language , Phrases or particular Expressions , peculiarto ▪ each Language . Idio-syncrasies , peculiar Constitutions , or Affections , incident only in particular to some Temperaments , as several Sympathies and Antipathies , as different and unaccountable as the Variety of Gifts and Talents in Men. J E Jenny , c. an Instrument to lift up a Grate , and whip any thing out of a Shop-window . Jesses , short Strapps of Leather fastned to the Hawk's Leggs . Jetting along , or out , a Man Dancing in his Gate , or Going ; also a House starting out farther than the rest in the Row. Jew , any over-reaching Dealer , or hard , sharp Fellow . He treated me like a Jew , he used me very barbrously . Jews , Brokers behind St. Clement's Church in London , so called by ( their Brethren ) the Tailers . I G Ignoramus , a Novice , or raw Fellow in any Profession ; also , we are Ignorant , written by the Grand Jury upon Bills , when the Evidence is not Home , and the Party ( thereupon ) Discharg'd . J I Jig , a Trick ; also a well known Dance . A Pleasant Jig , a witty , arch Trick . Jigget , ( of Mutton ) the Leg cut off with part of the Loin . Jilt , a Tricking Whore. Jilted , abused by such a one ; also deceived or defeated in one's Expectation , especially in Amours . Jingling , the Noise of Carriers Horses Bells , or Ringing of Money that chinks in the Pocket . Jingle-boxes , c. Leathern Jacks tipt and hung with Silver Bells formerly in use among Fuddle caps . Jinglers , c. Horse-Coursers frequenting Country Fairs . Jingle-brains , a Maggor-pated Fellow . Jiniper-Lecture , a round scolding Bout. I L Ill fortune , c. a Nine-pence . Ill-mann'd , a Hawk not well broke , taught or train'd . I M Impost-taker , c. one that stands by and Lends Money to the Gamester at a very high Interest or Premium . Implement , Tool , a a Property or Fool , easily engag'd in any ( tho' difficult or Dangerous ) Enterprize . Importunate , Dunning , pressing . Importunity of Friends , the stale Excuse for coming out in Print , when Friends know nothing of the Matter . I N Inadvertency , any slip or false step , for want of Thinking and Reflection . Inching-in , Encroaching upon . One of his Inches , of his Size or Stature . Won by Inches , dearly or by little and little . Give you an Inch and you 'll take an Ell , of one that presumes much on little Encouragement . Incog , for Incognito , a Man of Character or Quality concealed or in disguise . Incongruous , or an Incongruity ; Treating any Person not according to his Character , or appearing in any Country , without conforming to the Habits and Customs of the Place , as teaching a General the Art of War , talking with an Ambassador without his Language , or the help of an Interpreter , moving the Hat to Turks , that never stirr their Turbants , or calling for a Chair with such Nations , as sit alwaies crosse-legg'd upon Carpets . Indecorum , any violation of the Measures of Congruity , in Story , Painting , or Poetry , as introducing Persons together that are not Contemporaries , and of the same Age , or representing them with Habits , Arms or Inventions , unknown to their Times , as the Romans with Gunns or Drumms , which wou'd be no less Preposterous and Absard than Painting the Noblemen of Venice on Horseback , or describing the West Indians before the Arrival of the Spaniards , with the Shipping , Horses , and Arms of the Europeans . Indulto , his Catholic Majesty's Permission to the Merchants to unlade the Galeons , after his Demands are adjusted . In his Ale or Beer , Drunk , tho' it be by having too much of that in him . Iniskilling-men , fam'd for their Prowess , in the late Irish Wars ; also the Royal Regiment ( of Citizens ) in derision so called , soon rais'd , and as soon laid down . Inke , the Neck from the Head to the Body of any Bird the Hawk doth prey upon . Inkle , Tape . As great as two Inkle-makers , or as great as Cup and Cann . Inlayed , well inlayed , at ease in his Fortune , or full of Money . Inmates , Supernumeraries , who have no House or Being of their own , and yet are no Members of the House or Family they Live in , from whom they differ in the same Nature , as the Excrescences of Trees do from the Fruits either Genuin or Grafted ; as Misletoe of the Oak , Galls , &c. differ from the Mast or Acorns . Insipids , Block-heads ; also things that are tastless . Interlopers , Hangers on , retainers to , or dependers upon other folks ; also Medlers and Busy-bodies , intruders into other Men's Professions , and those that intercept the Trade of a Company , being not legally authorized . Intrigues , Finesses , Tricks of War , or State , as Court-tricks , Law-quirks , tho' in War they are rather called Stratagems . Intriguing , Plotting , Tricking , Designing , full of Tricks and Subtilties . Inveterate , either Enemies that are implacable and of long continuance , or Diseases that are confirmed , deep-rooted and riveted . J O Joan , a homely Joan , a Coarse Ord'nary Woman , Joan in the Dark is as good as my Lady , or when the Candles are out all Cats are Gray . Job , c. a Guinea , Twenty shillings , or a Piece . Half a Job , c. half a Guinea , Ten shillings , half a Piece , or an Angel . Jobbers , see Badgers , Matchmakers , Salesmen , Stock-jobbers . Jobbernoll , c. a very silly Fellow . Jock or Jockumcloy , c. to copulate with a Woman . Jockum-gage , c. a Chamberpot . Tip me the Jockumgage , c. give me or hand me the Member-mug . Rum Jockum-gage , c. a Silver-chamberpot . Jockey 's , rank Horse-Coursers , Race Riders ; also Hucksters or Sellers of Horses , very slippery Fellows to deal with . Jolter-head , a vast large Head ; also Heavy and Dull . To Jolt or Shake , jolting or shaking of a Coach. Jordain , c. a great Blow or Staff ; also a Chamberpot . I 'll tip him a Jordain if I transnear , c. I will give a Blow with my Staff if I get up to him . Joseph , c. a Cloak or Coat . A Rum Joseph , c. a good Cloak or Coat . A Queer Joseph , c. a coarse ord'nary Cloak or Coat ; also an old or Tatter'd one . I R Irish Toyles , c. the Twelfth Order of Canters ; also Rogues carrying Pinns , Points , Laces , and such like Wares about , and under pretence of Selling them , commit Thefts and Robberies . Iron-doublet , a Prison . I T Itch-land , Wales . J U ugglers , Nimble and expert Fellows at Tricks , and Slights of Hand , to distinguish them from Tumblers , that perform Bodily Feats , or Feats of Activity , by playing of Tricks with the whole Body . Jukrum , c. a License . Jumble-gut-lane , any very bad or rough Road. To Jumble , to shake much or often . Justice , I 'll do Justice Child , c. I will Peach or rather Impeach or Discover the whole Gang , and so save my own Bacon ; also in another Sense , I 'll do you Justice Sir , I will Pledge you . K Kate , c. a Pick-lock . 'T is a Rum Kate , c. that is a Cleaver Pick-lock . K E Keel-bullies , Lightermen that carry Coals to and from the Ships , so called in Derision . Keel-hale , to draw by a Rope tied to the Neck and fastned to a Tackle ( with a jerk ) quite under the Keel or bottom of the Ship. Keffal , a Horse . Kelter , out of Kelter , out of sorts . Ken , c. a House . A bob Ken , or a Bowmanken , c. a good or well Furnished House , full of Booty , worth Robbing ; also a House that Harbours Rogues and Thievs . Biting the Ken , c. Robbing the House . Ken-miller , c. a House-breaker . Friend John , or sweet Tom , 't is a bob Ken , Brush upon the Sneak , c. 't is a good House , go in if you will but Tread softly , and mind your Business . Now we have Bit , c. the House is Robb'd , or the Business is done . There 's a Cull knows us , if we don't pike he 'll Bone us , c. that Fellow sees us , if we don't scour off , he will Apprehend us . Ding him , c. Knock him Down . Then we 'll pike , t is all Bowman , c. we will be gone , all is well , the Coast is clear . Keeping Cully , one that Maintains a Mistress , and parts with his Money very generously to her . Kicks , c. Breeches . A high Kick , the top of the Fashion ; also singularity therein . Tip us your Kicks , we 'll have them as well as your Loure , c. pull off your Breeches , for we must have them as well as your Money . Kid , c. a Child ; also the first Year of a Roe , and a young Goat . Kidnapper , c. one that Decoys or Spirits ( as it is commonly called ) Children away , and Sells them for the Plantations . Kidder , c. see Crocker . Kidlay , c. one who meeting a Prentice with a Bundle or Parcel of Goods , wheedles him by fair Words , and whipping Sixpence into his Hand , to step on a short and sham Errand for him , in the mean time Runs away with the Goods . Kidney , ( Beans ) French. Of that Kidney , of such a Stamp , Of a strange Kidney , of an odd or unaccountable Humor . Kilkenny , c. an old sorry Frize Coat . Kill-Devil , Rum. Kill two Birds with one Stone , Dispatch two Businesses at one Stroak . Kimbaw , c. to Trick , Sharp , or Cheat ; also to Beat severely or to Bully . Let 's Kimbaw the Cull , c. Let 's Beat that Fellow , and get his Money ( by Huffing and Bullying ) from him . Kinchin , c. a little Child . Kinchin-coes , c. the Sixteenth Rank of the Canting Tribe , being little Children whose Parents are Dead , having been Beggers ; as also young Ladds running from their Masters , who are first taught Canting , then thieving . Kinchin-cove , c. a little Man. King's Head Inn , or the Chequer Inn in Newgate-street , c. the Prison , or Newgate . King's Pictures , c. Money . King of all Beasts of Venery , a Hare . King of the Gypsies , the Captain , Chief , or Ring-leader of the Gang , the Master of Misrule . Kindly , Fruit , or Season , towardly . Kindness will creep where it cannot go . Kinchin-morts , c. the Twenty seventh andlast Order of the Canting Crew , being Girls of a Year or two old , whom the Morts ( their Mothers ) carry at their Backs in Slates ( Sheets ) and if they have no Children of their own , they borrow or Steal them from others . Kissing the Maid , an Engine in Scotland , and at Halifax in England , in which the Head of the Malefactor is Laid to be Cut off , and which this way is done to a Hair , said to be invented by Earl Morton who had the ill Fate to Handsel it . Kissing goes by Favour , I suppose another sort is meant by this Proverb than the foremention'd K N Knack , or Slight in any Art , the Craft or Mystery in any Trade , a petty Artifice , or Trick like those upon the Cards . Knacks or Toies , a Knack-shop , or Toy-shop , freight with pretty Devices to pick-Pockets . Knave in Grain , one of the First Rate . Knaves and Fools are the Composition of the whole World. Knight Errant , the Knight or Hero in Romances , that alwaies is to Beat the Giant , and Rescue the destressed Damsel . Knight-Errantry , Romantick and Fabulous Exploits , out of the common Road , and above the ordinary Size , such as the wild Adventures of wandering Knights . Knight of the Blade , c. Hector or Bully . Knight of the Post . c. a Mercenary common Swearer , a Prostitute to every Cause , an Irish Evidence . Knight of the Road , c. the chief High-wayman best Mounted and Armed , the Stoutest Fellow among them . Knobber , see Hart. Knock in the Cradle , a Fool. Knock-down , very strong Ale or Beer . Knock off , to give over Trading ; also to Abandon or Quit one's Post or Pretensions . Knowledge is no Burden . Knowledge makes one laugh , but wealth makes one dance . Knot , achoice Bird , something less than a Ruff. Knotting , making Fringe . L Labourinvain , lost Labour , such as washing of Blackamoors , shearing of Hoggs , hedging in the Cuckoe , &c. Lac'd Coffee , Sugar'd . Mutton , a Woman . Lacing , Beating , Drubbing , I 'll Lace your Coat Sirtah , I will Beat you soundly . Ladder , see Badger , first Part. Lady , a very crooked , deformed and ill shapen Woman . Lady-birds , Light or Lewd Women ; also a little Red Insect , variegated with black Spots . Lag , c. Water ; also Last . Lag-a dudds , c. a Buck of Cloths . As we cloy the Lag of Dudds , c. come let us Steal that Buck of Cloths . To Lagg behind , or come after with Salt and Spoons . Lagg of the Flock , the Hindmost . Lambaste , to Beat soundly . Lamb-pye , Beating or Drubbing . Lamb-skin-men , c. the Judges of the several Courts . Lambs-wool , roasted Apples and Ale. Lame Excuse , a sorry Shift or Evasion . Land-lopers or Landlubbers , Fresh-water Seamen so called by the true Tarrs ; also Vagabonds that Beg and Steal about the Country . Land-pirates , c. Highwaymen or any other Robbers . Land-lord and Landlady , Host and Hostess ; also Possessors of Land or Houses , and Letters out of either to farm or for Lodgings . How lies the Land ? How stands the Reckoning ? Who has any Lands in Appleby ? a Question askt the Man at whose Door the Glass stands Long. Lank , Gaunt , Thin , Hollow , Lean , Meager , Slender , Weak . Lank Ears of Corn , very thin Ears . Lanspresado , c. he that comes into Company with but Two pence in his Pocket . Lantern-jaw'd , a very lean , thin faced Fellow . A Dark-Lanthorn , the Servant or Agent that Receives the Bribe ( at Court. ) Lap , c. Pottage , Butter-milk , or Whey . 'T is rum Lap , c. this is excellent Soupe . Larbord , on the left side or Hand . Lare-over , said when the true Name of the thing must ( in decency ) be concealed . Largess , a Pittance properly given to Reapers and Harvest Folks , now used for any petty Donative , or small Gratuity . Latitudinarian , a Church-man at large , one that is no Slave to Rubrick , Canons , Liturgy , or Oath of Canonical Obedience , and in fine looks towards Lambeth , and rowes to Geneva . Layd-up-in Lavender , when any Cloaths or other Moveables are pawn'd or dipt for present Money ; also Rodds in Pickle , of Revenge in reserve , till an opportunity offers to show it . Lawn , a naked Space in the middle of a Park or Forrest , left Untilled , and without Wood , contrary to a Hay , which see in it's proper Place ; also very thin Linnen , formerly much Worn . Layr , the Impression where any Deer hath Harboured or reposed . Leachers , Lascivious or Lustful Men. L E Leader Pate , a dull , heavy , stupid Fellow . Leaders , the first Players , Generals of Armies , and Men of most sway in great Councils or Assemblies ; also the Fore-horses in Coaches and Teams . Who Leads ? Who begins or Plays first . Leash , Three ; also the String where with a Grey-hound is Led . Leather-head , a Thick-skull'd , Heavy-headed Fellow . Leather-mouth'd Fish , Carp , Roach , &c. having their Teeth in their Throats . Leathern Convenience , ( by the Quakers ) a Coach. Leaves , of a Tree , of a Book , of Doors , or Window-shutters , and of folding Tables ; I must turn over a new Leaf with you , or take another Course with you Legerdemain , Jugglers Tricks ; also Sharping . Lesses , Boars Excrements . Let 's take an Ark and Winns , c. let us hire a Skuller . Let 's buy a Brush , or Let 's Lope , c. let us scour off , and make what shift we can to secure our selves from being apprehended . Let him Laugh that Wins : Let the World say what they will , if I find all well at Home . Let every Man meddle with his own . Leveret , the first Year , see Hare . Levite , a Priest or Parson ; also those of the Tribe of Levi , whose Inheritance the Priesthood ▪ ( craft and all ) was . Levy , the Prince's , or any great Man's time of Rising . Leystall , a Dunghil . L I Lib , c. to Tumble or Lye together . Libben , c. a private dwelling House . Libbege , c. a Bed. Libkin , c. a House to Lye in ; also a Lodging . Libertines , Pleasant and profuse Livers , that Live-apace , but wildly , without Order , Rule , or Discipline , lighting the Candle ( of Life ) at both Ends. A short Life and a Merry one . Life is sweet . Life is half Spent , before we know what it is . Lickt , Pictures new Varnished , Houses new Whitened , or Women's Faces with a Wash . Lifter , c ▪ a Crutch . Light Finger'd , Thievish ▪ Light-mans , c. the Day or Day-break . Light Friggat , a Whore ; also a Cruiser . Light Woman , or Light Huswife , Lewd , Whorish . Light-timber'd Fellow , limber or slender Limb'd ; also weak . Lilly-white , c. a Chimney-sweeper . Linnen-armorers , c. Tailers . Line of the old Author , a Dram of Brandy . Litter , any thing clatter'd up , out of Place or Order , What a litter here is ? What a toss and tumble ? Also a Litter of Cubbs , young Foxes ; of Whelps , Puppies , young Doggs . Little Barbary , Wapping ▪ Little Fellow or Action , Contemptible , Base , Sneaking , Ungentleman-like . L O Loblolly , any ill-cookt Mess . Lob-cock , a heavy , dull Fellow . In Lob's Pound , Laid by the Heels , or clap'd up in Jail . Lobster , a Red Coat Soldier . Lock all fast , c. one that Buys and Conceals Stolen Goods . The Lock , c. the Magazine or Ware-house whither , the Thieves carry Stolen Goods to be secur'd ; also an Hospital for Pockey Folks in Kent-street . Lockram-jaw'd , Thin , Lean , Sharp-visag'd . Loge , c. a Watch. I suppose from the French Horloge , a Clock or Watch. Filed a Cly of a Loge , or Scout , c. Pickt a Pocket of a Watch. Biting a Loge , or Scout , c. the same . Loggerhead , a heavy , dull Fellow . To go to Loggerheads , to go to Fisticuffs . Lolpoop , a Lazy , Idle Drone . To Loll , to Lean on the Elbows ; also to put out the Tongue in derision . Long-headed , Wise , of great reach and foresight . Long-meg , a very tall Woman . Long-shanks , Long-legged . Long-winded Pay-master , one that very slowly , heavily , or late Paies . Looby , a lazy dull Fellow . Looking-glass , a Chamber-pot . Loon-slatt , c. a Thirteen Pence half Penny. A Loon , see Lout . A False Loon , a true Scotch Man , or Knave of any Nation . Lord , a very coorked deformed , or ill-shapen Person . Lore , Learning or Skill in any Thing . Louse-land , Scotland . A Scoth Louse-trap , a Comb. Lout , an heavy , idle Fellow . To Lout , to Low like a Cow , or Bellow like a Bull. Loure , c. Money . Low Tide , when there 's no Money in a Man's Pocket . Low-pad , c. a Foot-Pad . L U Lubber . Lubberly , a heavy , dull Fellow . Lud's-bulwark , c. Ludgate Prison . Luggage , Lumber . Luggs , Ears : Hence to Lug by the Ears . Ye can he make a Silk-Purse of a Sowe's Luggs , a Scotch Proverb . To Lug out , to draw a Sword. Lullaby-cheat , c. a Child . Lumber , Rubbish , Trash , Trumpery . Lumpish , heavy dull , drowsy . Lurched , Beaten at any Game . Left in the Lurch , Pawn'd for the Reckoning , or left at Stake to Smart for any Plot. Lure , c. an idle Pamphlet ; also a Bait. Throw out a Lure , to lay Bait. Lurries , c. Money , Watches , Rings , or other Moveables . L Y Lyome , the String wherewith a Hound is Led . M Mab , a Slattern . Mab'd up , Drest carelesly , like a Slattern , of such a one it is said . Her Cloths sit on her , like a Saddle on a Sow's Back . Queen Mab , Queen of the Fairies . Mackarel , c. a Bawd. Mackarel-back , a very tall , lank Person . Machiavilian , one wickedly or knavishly Politic. Machines , Vessels full of Carcasses and Bombs , under Shelter or Covert of the Smokers , to come close up under Walls , Forts , Fortifications , &c. being fixt to Blow up the same . Also Engines or Instruments of divers Arts , and Movements upon the Stage . Madam Van , c. a Whore , The Cull has been with Madam Van , c. the Fellow has enjoyed such a one . Mad-cap , a frolicksorn Person . Made , c. Stolen . I Made this Knife at a heat , c. I Stole it cleaverly . Mad Tom , alias of Bedlam , the Eighteenth Rank of Canters . Madge-howlet , an Owl . Maggot , a whimsical Fellow , full of strange Fancies and Caprichio's , Maggotty , Freakish . Maiden-sessions , when none are Hang'd . Mailes , the Breast-Feathers of a Hawk . Main , great , excellent , choice , rare ; also the Sea. Maingood , very good . With Might and Main , Tooth and Nail . Make , c. a half Penny . Make-bait , a Trouble-House , or Mischief-maker , a stirrer of Strife , and maker of Debate , a Boute feu , or Incendiary . Male-contents , Disaffected to the State , out of Humor with the Government . Malkin or Maukin , a Scare-crow , Drest and Set up to fright the Birds . Also a Scovel ( of old Clouts ) to cleanse the Oven : Hence Malkintrash , for one in a rueful Dress , enough to Fright one . There are more Maids than Malkins , Mawks , the same abbreaviated . Mawkish , a Wallowish , ill Tast . Malmesey-nose , a jolly , red Nose . Man o' th' Town , a Lew'd Spark , or very Debaushe . Manning , a Hawk , making him endure Company . Mannikin , a Dwarf , or diminutive Fellow . Mantles , when Drink is brisk and smiles ; also when a Hawk stretcheth one of her Wings after her Leggs , and so the other . Margery-prater , c. a Hen. Marinated , c. Transported into some forreign Plantation ; also Fish Soused . Marriage-music , Childrens Cries . Marks , the Footing of an Otter . Marrel , a Bird about the bigness of a Knot , but not good Meat . Martern , a Wild Cat , the second Year , called a Cub , the first . A Martern Treeth , Lodgeth ; Tree the Martern , Dislodge him . Masons-mawn'd , c. a Sham sore above the Elbow , to counterfeit a broken Arm , by a Fall from a Scaffold , expos'd by subtil Beggers , to move Compassion , and get Money . Masons-Word , who ever has it , shall never want , there being a Bank at a certain Lodge in Scotland for their Relief ▪ 'T is communicated with a strict Oath , and much Ceremony , ( too tedious to insert ) and if it be sent to any of the Society , he must , ( nay will ) come immediately , tho' very Busy , or at great Distance . Match or Make , the Copulation of Woolves . Match-makers , a better sort of Procurers of Wives for Men , or Husbands for Women , Maiden-head-jobbers , Virginity Sellers , Brokers , &c. Maul'd , swingingly Drunk , or soundly Beat. Maunders , c. Beggers . Maund-ing , c. to Beg , Begging . Maundring-broth , Scolding . Mawdlin , weepingly Drunk , as we say the Tears of the Tankard . What are you Mawdlin you Rake ? are ye ' neither Drunk , nor Sober ? May-games , Frolicks , Plaies , Tricks , Pastimes , &c. Do you make a May-game of me ? do you Abuse or Expose me ? M E Mead , a pleasant Summer Drink , made of Water and Honey , Boyled , and Bottled fine , in great vogue in Moscovy , where 't is said the best in the World is made . Meadites , a Faction of Quakers , that follow most , and are in the Interest of Mead. Meal-mouth , a sly , sheepish Dun , or Sollicitor for Money . Measure , the Distance of Duellers . To break Measure , to be out of the Adversaries reach . Mechanic , a Tradesman ; also a mean , inconsiderable , contemptible Fellow . Meggs , c. Guineas . We fork'd the rum Cull's Meggs to the tune of Fifty , c. We Pickt the Gentleman's Pocket of full Fourty Guineas . Mellow , a'most Drunk ; also smooth , soft Drink . Melt , c. to spend Money . Will you Melt a Bord ▪ c. Will you spend your Shilling ? The Cull Melted a couple of Decusses upon us , c. the Gentleman spent ten Shillings upon us . Member-mug , a Chamber-pot . Mercury , Wit ; also Quick-silver , and a Courant or News-Letter . Mercurial , Witty ; also one Born under ☿ , i. e. when that Planet is Lord of the Horoscope or Ascendant at Birth . Marcury Women , Whole-sale News-sellers , who Retail to the Hawkers . Metheglin , a strong Drink , made of new Wort and Honey . Mew , when Deer cast their Horns ; also the Place where the Hawk is set down , during the time she raiseth her Feathers . Meyny , the Folks , or Family-Servants . Hence Menial-Servant , yet in use , for a Domestic or Family-Servant . M I Mifty , apt to take Pet , or be out of Humor . Mill clapper , a ( Woman's ) Tongue . As Safe as a Thief in a Mill , a waggish Periphrasis for for a Miller , who is a Thief by his Trade . Milcb-kine , a Term us'd by Goalers , when their Prisoners will bleed freely to have some Favor , or be at large . Mill , c. to Steal , Rob , or Kill . Mill-a-ken , c. to Rob a House , Milling the Gig with a Betty , c. Breaking open the Door with an Iron-Crow . Milling the Glaze , c. Breaking open the Window ▪ Mill them , c. Kill them . Miller , c. a Killer or Murderer . Mill-a-crackmans , c. to break a Hedge . Mill-a-bleating-cheat , c. to kill a Sheep . Mill a-grunter , c. to Kill a Pig. Mil-ken , c. a House-breaker . Mill the Gig with a Dub , c. to open the Door with a Pick-lock or false Key . Miller's-Thumb , or Bull-head , a Fish with a broad Head , and wide Mouth , two Finns near his Eyes , and as many under his Belly , and on his Back , and one below the Vent , his Tayl round , and his Body cover'd with Whitish , Blackish and Brownish Spotts . Mince the Matter , to tell it Sparingly or by Halves . Miniature , Painting in little . Minks , a proud Flirt . Mint , c. Gold ; also a late Sanctuary ( in Sowthwark ) for such as broke either out of Necessity , or in Design to bring their Creditors the more easily to a Composition . Hence Minters , the Inhabitants . Miquelets , Mountaneers , ( in Spain ) or Spanish Rapparies . Miscreant , alewd , wicked Fellow . Mish , c. a Shirt or Smock . Mish-topper , c. a Coat or Petticoat . Miskin , a Dunghil or Lay-stall . Miss , a Whore of Quality ; also a little Girl . M O Moabites , Serjeants , Bailiffs and their Crew . Mob , the Vulgar , or Rabble , Mobile , Mobility , Mock-song , that Ridicules another Song , in the same Terms and to the same Tune . A Mock-Romance , that ridicules other Romances , as Don Quixot . A Mock-Play , that exposes other Playes , as the Rehearsal . A Mock-holy-day . To Mock , or mimick another . Moggy , in Scotch , as Peg in English , for Margaret . Moil , to Drudge or Labour Hard. To Moil and Toil , to Slave at it . A Moiling Fellow , a Drudge or great Pains-taker . Molinet , a Chocolate Stick , or little Mill. Mongrel , c. a Hanger on among the Cheats , a Spunger . Of a Mongrel-race or Breed , a Curr or Man of a base , ungenerous Breed . Mood , Humor . In a merry Mood , or good Humor ; in an ill Mood , or out of Humor . Moody , Humorous . Moon-eurser , c. a Link-boy , or one that under Colour of lighting Men , Robs , them or leads them to a gang of Rogues , that will do it for him . Moon-men , c. Gipsies . Moon-blind , a sort of Horses , weak-sighted . Moppet , a pretty Moppet , a very pretty little Baby . Mopsie , a Dowdy , or Homely Woman . Mopeied , one that can't see well , by living too long a Maid . Mop'd , Maz'd . Mopus , c. a half Penny or Farthing . A meer Mopus grown become dispirited , dull and Stupid . Morglag , a Watchman's brown Bill ; as Glaives , are Bills or Swords . Morisco , a Morris or Morrice-dance , being belike some Remains of a Moorish Custom with us , as the Juego de Toros , or Feast of Bulls is , in Spain . Mort , or Death , is Blown at the Death of the Deer . Morts , c. Yeomen's Daughters ; also a Wife , Woman , or Wench . Moss-Troopers , so called from the Mosses , wast Lands in Lancashire , as the Bog-Trotters in Ireland , are from the Boggs there . Mother , a Bawd. Mother-midnight , a Midwife ( often a Bawd. ) Mouchets , Patches for Ladies Faces . Moveables , c. Rings , Watches , Swords , and such Toies of value . As we bit all the Cull's Cole and Moveables , c. we Won all the Man's Money , Rings , Watches , &c. Very Moving , prevailing , powerful , perswading . Mountings , a Soldier 's Arms and Cloths . Mouse-trap . The Parson's Mouse-trap , Marriage . He watcht me , as a Cat does a Mouse , i. e. narrowly . A Man or a Mouse , a Prince or a Peasant . A Mouse in the Pot is better than no Flesh , or something has some Savour . 'T is pitty to fling Water on a Drown'd Mouse , or to depress the Miserable . A sorry Mouse , that has but one Hole , or a poor Creature that has but one Shift . Mouth , a noisy Fellow . A Mouthing Fellow , a Bawling or Scolding Person . He never Speaks , but his Mouth opens . Mouth half Cockt , gaping and staring at every thing they see . Mower , c. a Cow. Mow-heater , c. a Drover . M U Muck , Money , Wealth ; also Dung to manure Land. Muckworm , a covetous Wretch . Muckinder , a Child's Handkerchief tied by the side . Muddled , half Drunk . To Muddle on , tho' so , yet to Drink on . Muff , c. a Woman 's Secrets . To the well wearing of your Muff Mort , c. to the happy Consummation of your Marriage Madam , a Health . Muffling-cheat , c. a Napkin . Muggletonians , the Sect or Disciples of Lodowick Muggleton . Mulligrubs or Mumps , a Counterfeit Fit of the Sullens . Mum-for-that , not a Word of the Pudding . Mumble , to Mutter or Speak between the Teeth . Mum-chance , one that sits mute . He looks like Mum-chance that was Hang'd for saying of nothing . Mum-glass , the Monument , erected at the City-charge , in Memory of the dreadful Fire 1666 , which consum'd the greatest Part of it . Mumpers , c. Gentile-Beggers , who will not accept of Victuals , but Money or Cloths . Mumpers-Hall , c. several Ale-houses in and about this City and Suburbs , in Allies , and By-places , much used by them , and resorted to in the Evening , where they will be very Merry , Drunk , and Frolicksom . Mun-corn , half Wheat , half Rye . Muns , c. the Face . Toute his Muns , c. note his Phis , or mark his Face well . Musick . It makes ill Musick , of any unwelcom or unpleasing News . Touch that String most which makes best Musick , or that cannot be Harped upon too often that pleases . The Musick 's paid , c. the Watch-word among High-way-men ▪ to let the Company they were to Rob , alone , in return to some Courtsey from some Gentleman among them . Must , new Wine , or Wine on the Lea. After Beef , Mustard , of a thing preposterous , or out of Place ; as we say , the Cart before the Horse . Mute , when Hounds or Beagles run long without opening , or making any Cry ; also a certain dumb Executioner among the Turks . Muting , the Excrements of a Hern or Hawk . Mutter , to Speak inwardly and between the Teeth . Mutton-monger , a Lover of Women ; also a Sheep-stealer . Mutton-in-long-coats , Women . A Leg of Mutton in a Silk-Stocking , a Woman's Leg. Muzzle , c. a Beard , ( usually ) long and nasty . M Y Myrmidons , c. the Constable's Attendants , or those whom he commands ( in the King's Name ) to Aid and assist him ; also the Watchmen . N Nab , c , a Hat , Cap , or Head ; also a Coxcomb . I 'll Nab ye , c. I 'll have your Hat or Cap. Nim the Nab , c. to Steal the Hat or Cap. Nab'd , c. Apprehended , Taken or Arrested . Nab-cheat , c. a Hat. Nab-girder , c. a Bridle . Nanny-house , a Bawdy-house . Nap , c. by Cheating with the Dice to secure one Chance ; also a Clap , or Pox , and a short sleep . Nap the Wiper , c. to Steal the Handkerchief . You have Napt it , c. you are Clapt Sir. To be caught Napping , to be Surpriz'd , or Taken a sleep . Napper , c. a Cheat , or Thief . Napper of Napps , c. a Sheep-stealer . Nappy-Ale , very Strong , Heady . N'are-a-face-but his own , Not a Penny in his Pocket . Narrow , when the Biass of the Bowl holds too much . 'T is all Narrow , said by the Butchers one to another when their Meat proves not so good as expected . A Narrow-soul'd Fellow , poor or Mean-spirited , stingy . Narrow or near search or Escape , watch him narrowly or nearly . Of a Narrow or slender Fortune . Nask , c. or Naskin , c. A Prison or Bridewell . The old Nask , c. the City Bridewell . The new Nask , c. Clerkenwell Bridewell . Tuttle Nask , c. the Bridewel in Tuttle-Fields . He Napt it at the Nask , c. he was Lasht at Bridewell . Natural , c. a Mistress , a Wench ; also a Fool. Natural-children , Bastards . Mr. Nawpost , a foolish Fellow . Nay-word , a common By-word , or Proverb . Nazie , c. Drunken . Nazie-cove , c. a Drunkard . Nazy-nabs , c. Drunken Coxcombs . N E Neb , the Bill of a Bird , and the slit or point of a Pen. She holds up her Neb , she turns up her Snout to be Kist . Neck-stamper , c. the Pot-Boy at a Tavern or Ale-house . Neck-verse , a Favor ( formerly ) indulged to the Clergy only , but ( now ) to the Laity also , to mitigate the Rigor of the Letter of the Law ▪ as in Man-slaughter , &c. Reading a Verse out of an old Manuscript Latin Psalter , ( tho' the Book now used by the Ordinary is the same Printed in an old English Character ) saves the Criminal's Life . Nay now even the Women ( by a late Act of Parliament ) have ( in a manner ) the benefit of their Clergy , tho not so much as put to Read ; for in such Cases where the Men are allow'd it ; the Women are of course sizz'd in the Fist , without running the risque of a Halter by not Reading . Negro Flat . Hawk Nos'd , Hook'd . Roman Rais'd in the middle like Kingston Bridge . Needle-point , c. a Sharper . Neither-Vert , all sorts of Under-wood . Neighborly , Friendly , Kind , Loving , Obliging . You Live a great way off good Neighbors , to him , that is the Trumpet of his own Praises . Nestlings , Canary-Birds , brought up by Hand . What a Nestling you keep , how restless and uneasy you are . Nest of Rabbets . Nettled , Teiz'd , provoked , made uneasy . He has pist upon a Nettle , he is very uneasy , or much out of Humor . In Dock , out Nettle , upon the change of Places , when one is no sooner out , but another is in his Place . N I Nice , squeemish , precise . More nice than wise , a Sir Courtly Nice , a silly empty , gay , foolish Fellow . Nickum , c. a Sharper ; also a Rooking Ale-house or Innkeeper , Vintner , or any Retailer . Nick it , to win at Dice , to hit the Mark , to Drink the pin to , or button . Old Nick , the Devil . Nick and Froth built the Pye at Aldgate , sharping in the Reckonings and cheating in the Measure built that ( once ) Noted House . Nickum-poop , a Fool , also a silly soft , Uxorious Fellow . Nick-ninny , an empty Fellow , a meer Cod's Head. Nig , c. the Clippings of Money . Nigler , c. a Clipper . Nigging , c. Clipping . Nigling , c. accompanying with a Woman . Night-Magistrate , a Constable . Night-men , Gold-finders , Tom-turd-men . Night-rale , a Woman's combing Cloth , to dress her Head in . Night-walker , c. a Bell-man ; also a Light Woman , a Thief , a Rogue . Nigit , a Fool. Nigmenog , a very silly Fellow . Nikin , a Natural , or very soft creature ; also Jsaac . Nim , c. to Steal , or whip off or away any thing . Nim a Togeman , c. to Steal a Cloak . Nim a Cloak , c. to cut off the Buttons in a Crowd , or whip it off a Man's Shoulders . Nim-gimmer , c. a Doctor , Surgeon , Apothecary or any one that cures a Clap or the Pox. Ninny , c. a Canting whining Begger ; also a Fool. Ninny-hammer , a silly Senseless Fellow . Nip , c. a Cheat ; also to Pinch or Sharp any thing . Nip-a ▪ bung , c. to cut a Purse . To Nip , to Press between the Fingers and Thumb without the Nails , or with any broad Instrument like a pair of Tongs as to squeeze between Edged Instruments or Pincers . Nipping Frost or Wind , Sharp or Cutting . To Nip in the Bud , of an early Blast or Blite of Fruit ; also to crush any thing at the beginning . Nipperkin , c. half a Pint of Wine , and but half a Quartern of Brandy , Stron gwaters , &c. Nipps , c. the Shears with which Money was won't to be Clipt . Nit , wine that is brisk , and pour'd quick into a Glass ; also a young Louse . Nitts will be Lice . Nizy , c. a Fool , or Coxcomb . N O Nob , c. a Head. Nocky , c. a silly , dull Fellow Noddle , a Head. Noddy , c. a Fool. Knave-Noddy , a Game on the Cards . Nokes , a Ninny or Fool ; also a noted Droll but lately Dead . Nol , Oliver . Old Nol , the late Usurper Cromwel . Noggin , ( of Brandy ) a Quarter of a Pint. A Noble , Six and eight-pence . He has brought a Noble to Nine Pence , of one that has reduced his Fortune . Noise , used either of Harmonious or confused Sounds , Noise of Thunder , or of a Mill , Noise of the Hounds , a Noise of Fiddles , of Trumpets and Drums , a Noise of Swords , or clashing ; make a Noise Tom , Hot Pudding-Pies . Non-con , one that don't conform to the Church of England . Nonjurors ▪ Clergymen and others ( Officers in the Army , Navy , &c. ) That refus'd to take the Oaths to King WILLIAM and Queen MARY , and were turn'd out of their Livings and Employments . Nooz'd , or caught in a Nooze , married ; also Hanged . Nose-gent , c. a Nun. As plain as the Nose in your Face , of a fair mark that cannot be hid . He has a good Nose , of a Smell-Feast . He holds up his Nose , of one that is Haughty , and carries his Head high . He is led by the Nose , of one that is easily imposed upon . You make a Bridge of his Nose , when you pass your next Neighbor in Drinking , or one is preferr'd over another's Head. Follow your Nose , said in a jeer to those that know not the way , and are bid to Smell it out , as we say to Smell a Post . N U Nub , c. the Neck . Nubbing , c. Hanging . Nubbing-cheat , c. the Gallows . Nubbing-Cove , c. the Hangman . Nubbing-ken , c. the Sessions-house . Nug , a Word of Love , as , my Dear Nug , my Dear Love. Nugging-Dress , an odd or particular way , out of the Fashion . Numms , c. a Sham , or Collar . Shirt , to hide the t'other when Dirty . Num-skul , a Foolish Person . Nut-crackers ▪ c. a Pillory . The Cull lookt through the Nut-crackers the Rogue stood in the Pillory . O Oaf , a Wise-acre , a Ninny or Fool , Oasish Silly . Oak , an Oak , c. a rich Man , of good Substance and Credit . Oats . One that has sown his wild Oats , or having run out of all , begins to take up and be more Staied . O B Oberon ▪ King Oberon or little Oberon , King of the Fairies . O F Office. His Office , any Man's ordinary Haunt , or Plying-place , be it Tavern , Ale-house , Gaming-house or Bowling-green . A cast of your Office , or a Touch of your Employment . Be good in your Office , a Caveat to those that are apt to forget themselves in it . O G Ogles , c. Eyes . Rum Ogles , c. fine , bright , clear , piercing Eyes . Ogling , c. casting a sheep's Eye at Handsom Women . The Gentry-mort has rum Ogles , c. that Lady has charming black Eyes . O L Old-Coney , after the first Year . Old-dog-at-it , good or expert . Old-dog-at-common-prayer , a Poor Hackney that cou'd Read , but not Preach well . Old Harry , a Composition used by Vintners , when they bedevil their Wines . Old-Mr-Gory , c. a piece of Gold. Old Nick , the Devil . Old Mob , a noted Hawker . Old-Toast , a brisk old Fellow . A pleasant Old Cuff , a frolicksom old Fellow . Oliver's Skull , a Chamber-pot . Olli-Compolli , c. the by-name of one of the principal Rogues of the Canting Crew . O N One in Ten , a Parson ▪ One of my Cosens , a Wench . O P Open-Arse , a Medlar ; also a Lewd Woman . Open House , or Open Doors , free for all Comers or Goers . Open-handed , in Spending , oppos'd to close-fisted . Open in Speech , to reserv'd . Open-Sea when there is a free Trade , oppos'd to a Sea shut up in War , by Pirates , Privateers or Embargo's of Ships . Opiniator , an Assuming positive Fellow , an obstinate self-conceited Coxcomb . O R Orator to a Mountebank , the Doctor 's Decoy who in conjunction with Jack Pudding , amuses , diverts and draws in the Patients . O T Otter , an Amphibious Creature , betwixt a Beast and a Fish , a great destroyer of Fish , affording much sport in Hunting . Otter watcheth , Lodgeth . Vent the Otter , Dislodge him . An Otter whineth , makes a noise at Rutting time . Hunteth for his Kind , the Term for their Copulation . O V Over-vert , all manner of High Woods . Over-sight , has two contrary Significations under one Sound , for an Oversight is either the Care or Charge of , or Inspection into any Affair , or else an Oversight Imports a Slip or Error committed in it , for want of due Care and Circumspection . Over-shoes over Boots , or to go Through-stitch ▪ Overdo , double Diligence . Oven , The Mother had never lookt for her Daughter in the Oven , if she had not been there her self before , or , she muses as she uses . Out-at-heels , or Elbows , in a declining Condition , going down the Wind. Out-run the Constable , to Spend more than is Got , or Run out of an Estate , to run Riot . Outside , that is the Outside , or utmost Rate . O U Owlers , those who privately in the Night carry Wool to the Sea-Coasts , near Rumney-Marsh in Kent , and some Creeks in Sussex , &c. and Ship it off for France against Law. O Y Oyl of Barley , strong Drink . O X Ox-house . He must go through the Ox-house to Bed , of an old Fellow that Marries a young Woman . The black Ox has not trod upon his Foot , of one that has not been Pinch'd with Want , or been Hard put to it . P Pack , a Fardel or Bundle . Pack of Knaves , the worst of all the Pack , or a Knave in Grain . Pack of Juries , Packing of Cards , Pick a Pack , Pack up your Nawls and be gone , Packing of Parties and Elections . A common Pack-horse , a Hackney or common Drudge , one made a Slave of . Pad , c. the High Way , and a Robber thereon ; also a Bundle . Rum Pad , c. adaring or stout Highway-man . Paddington-Fair , c. an Execution of Malefactors at Tyburn ; also a real Fair at the Village of that Name , near that Place . Goes upon the Pad , or a Padding , c. Robbs upon the High-way . A Pad , an easy Pacing Horse . Padds , worn by the Women to save their Sides from being Cut or Mark'd with the Strings of their Petty-coats . Pageant , a thing Drest up and set out to make a Show . A Piece of Pageantry , a thing that makes a Figure in a Show or Play , as Play-house Kings and Generals Strut and Stalk upon the Stage . Pain , not in Pain , not in Care or Concern . Painter , the Rope that lies in the Ship 's Long-boat , or Barge , alwaies ready to Fasten her , or Hale her on Shoar . I 'll Cut your Painter for ye , I 'll prevent ye doing me any Mischief ; the Tar-Cant , when they Quarrel one with another . What pleases the Painter , when any Representation in the Productions of his or any Art is unaccountable , and so is to be resolv'd purely into the good Pleasure of the Artist . Pale of the Church , in or out of the Church's Enclosure . Pall'd , Flat , Dispirited , or Dead Drink . Pallet , a little Bed ; also the Receiver of the Painter's Colours mingled , as the Shells are of his several Colours unmingled ; also one half of the Pale in Heraldry . Palm , the Attire of a Buck. Paltry Fellow , a sorry , base , mean , contemptible Varlet . Palliards , c. the Seaventh Rank of the Canting Crew , whose Fathers were Born Beggers , and who themselves follow the same Trade ▪ with Sham Sores , making a hideous Noise , Pretending grievous Pain , do extort Charity . Pam , the Knave of Clubbs . Pamper'd , Priest High-Fead . Horse Panam , c. Bread ▪ Pantas , a Disease in Hawks . Panter , c. a ▪ Hart. Pantry , Buttery . Pantler , Butler . Paper-Buildings , slight , Wooden , or old . Paper-Skul , foolish , soft , silly . Paper-Wars , Lettercombats . Papers , Writings , or Deeds . Paplar , c. Milk-pottage . Par , Gold and Silver at a like Proportion . Parasite , a Trencher-Friend , a meer Wheedle . Parell , Whites of Eggs , Bay-Salt , Milk and Conduit-Water beat together , and poured into a Vessel of Wine to Cure it's Fretting , in order to Fine it , and make it Drink up . Parie , to put By a Thrust or Blow . Parings , c. the Clippings of Money . Parlous , or Perillous Man , a notable , shrew'd Fellow . Parsimonious , Near , Niggardly , Pinching , Stingy . Pass , a Way , Lane , River , Leave ; also condition . What a Sad Pass things are come to ? In what an ill State they are . That Shamm won't Pass , that Trick won't take . Do the Waters Pass well ? much in use at the Wells , do they Move as they ought ▪ To Passe upon one , to top upon him , or impose upon him ; also a Term at Billiards , when the Ball goes through the Court or Porch , it is said to pass . Passage , a Camp-Game , with three Dice , Doublets , making up Ten or more , to Pass or Win , any other Chances lose . Pass bank , the Stock or Fund thereto belonging ; also the playing Place Cut out in the Ground almost Cock-pit waies . Pat , apposite , or to the purpose . Patering , the Maundring or pert Replies of Servants . Patering of Prayers , Muttering of them , from the thick Repeating of so many Paters or Pater-nosters . No Penny , no Pater-nosters , no Pay , no Prayers . Patrico , c. or Patercove , c. the Fifeteenth Rank of the Canting Tribe , stroling Priests that Marry under a Hedge without Gospel or Common-prayer Book , the Couple standing on each side a Dead Beast , are bid to Live together till Death them do's Part , so shaking Hands , the Wedding is ended ; also any Minister , or Parson , Pateepan , a little Pye , or small Pasty . Patrole , the Rounds . Paume , when a Die or Piece of Money is hid in the Hand , to secure the Game , or Wager . He Paumes it , he Cheats , or Plaies Foul. Paw , a Hand . Pawn . To Pawn any Body , to steal away and leave him or them to Pay the Reckoning . Pay through the Nose , Excessively , or with Extortion . P E Peak , c. any kind of Lace . Pearls ▪ the little Knobs on the Bur ( which see ) of a Stag. Peck , c. Meat . Peckidge , c. Meat . Rum Peck , c. good Eating . The Gentry Cove tipt us rum Peck and rum Gutlers , till we were all Bowsy , and snapt all the Flickers , the Gentleman gave us so much good Victuals , and Canary , that we were all Damn'd Drunk , and broke all the drinking Glasses . Peculiars , Plants , Animals and Fossiles , proper and particular to some one Country , and rarely if ever found in others , as English Scurvy-grass , Sarsa , Sassafras and Guajacum , all West Indian Druggs ; and so for Animals , English Maistiffs , Irish Greyhounds . Barnacles , and Soland Geese peculiar to Scotland , as Puffins , to the Isle of Man ; also Parishes exempt from other Ordinaries , and peculiarly belonging to the See of Canterbury . Peculiar , c. a Mistress ; also particular , private , proper . Pedant , a meer Scholar , a School-master , a Man of one kind of Learning or Business , out of which he is good for nothing . Pedantry , a Learning and Skill of one Colour . Ped , a Basket. Pedlars , Scoth Merchants ; also English Retailers of Goods , that stroll from Town to Town . Pedlars-French , a sort of Gibrish or made Language , easy to be Learnt and Understood , used by Gypsies , &c. Also the Beggers Cant. Peeking Fellow , a meer Sneaks , one that peeps in every Hole and Corner ; also a thin , weasel-faced Fellow . Peeper , c. a Looking-glass . Track the Dancers , and pike with the Peepers , c. whip up the Stairs , and trip off with the Looking-glass . Peepers , c. Eyes . Peepy , c. Peeping , c. Drowsy , Sleepy . As the Cull Peeps let 's Mill him , c. when the Man is a Sleep , let 's Kill him . Peery , c. fearful , shy , sly . The Cull's Peery , c. the Rogue 's afraid to venture . Peeter , c. a Portmantle or Cloak-bag . Bite the Peeter , c. to whip off the Cloak-bag . Biter of Peeters , c. one that makes a Trade of whipping Boxes and Trunks from behind a Coach or out of a Waggon , or off a Horse's Back . Pea-goose , a silly Creature . Peg at Cocks , to throw at them at Shrovetide . Gon to Pegtrantums , Dead . Pel-mel , helter-skelter , Pelt , a Heat or Chafe . What a Pelt you are in ? what a Chafe your in ? Also the Dead Body of any Fowl the Hawk has killd . Pelts , Beast Skinns . Pelting-village , Blind , Obscure . Penelope's Web , to do and undo . Pennance-bord , c a Pillory . Pennites , that Faction of Quakers that follow most and are in the Interest of William Pen , the chief Proprietor and Governor of Pensylvania , a Country lying betwixt Forty and Forty five Degrees of Latitude , in America , much improv'd , and like to florish . Penny-worth . I 'll fetch my-Pennyworth out of him , or make him earn what he cost me . Penny-white , said of her , to whom Fortune has been kinder than Nature . Penny-wise and Pound-foolish , Sparing in a little and Lavish in a great Deal , save at the Spiggot and let it out at the Bung-hole . A Penny-worth for one's Penny , for what is worth one's Money . To get a Penny , to endeaver to Live ; to turn and winde the Penny , to make to most of one's Money , ot Lay-it out at the best Advantage . Pennyless , poor , sharp , bare of Money . Penurious , pinching ▪ hard , parsimonious , little . Pentice Nab , a very broad-brm'd Hat. Pepperd off , Damnably Clapt or Poxt . Pepper-proof , not Clapt or Poxt . Pericranium , the Head or Skull . Perking , the late D ▪ of M. allo any pert forward silly Fellow . To Perk up , to hold up the Head after Drooping . Periwinkle , a Perruque or Periwig ; also the same as Pinpatches . Pestilent-fine , Tearing-fine . Pet , a Fret . To be in a Pet , or out of Humor . Peter Lug , Who is Peter Lug ? Who let 's the Glass stand at his Door ? Petrify , to turn to Stone . Petrification , Concretions , either such as are hardned into Stone , by exposing them to Air , as Coral ; or by casting them into Cold petrifying Waters , as Wood. Pettycoat-Pensioner , a Gallant , or one Maintain'd for secret Service . P H Phanatics , Dissenters from the Church of England . Pharoah , very strong Mault-Drink . Phenix-men , the same as Fire-drakes . Philadelphians , a new Sect of Enthusiasts pretenders to Brotherly Love , &c. Philistines , Serjeants Bailiffs and their Crew ; also Drunkards . I fell among the Philistines , I chopt upon a knot of Drunken Fellows . Phis , for Physiognomy , Face or Aspect . P I Picking , little Stealing , Pilfering , petty Larceny . Pickthank , a Tale-bearer , or an Insinuator by any means to curry Favor . Pickaroon , a very small Privateer ; also a shabby poor Fellow . Pickled , very Arch or Waggish . In Pickle , Poxt . Rodds in Pickle , or revenge in Lavender . Pig , c. Sixpence . The Cull tipt me a Pig , c. the Man gave me Sixpence . Pig of the Sounder , see Wild Boar. Pigsnie , a word of Love. Pig-widgeon , a silly Fellow . Pike , c. to run away , flee , quit , or leave the Place ; also to Die. As he Pikes , c. he walks or goes . Pike on the been , c. run away as fast as you can . Piked off , c. run away , fled , broke ; also Dead . To pass the Pikes , to be out of Danger . Pillau , a Hen and Rice Boil'd , a Turkish Dish , but now in use in England , France and Holland . Pillory , a Baker ; also a Punishment mostly heretofore for Beggers , now for Perjury , Forgery and suborned Persons . Pimp , the same as Cock-bawd . Pimp-whisking , a Top Trader that way ; also a little mean-spirited , narrow-soul'd Fellow . Pimlico , a noted Cake-house formerly , but now converted into a Bowlinggreen , of good report at Hogsden near London . Pin , a small Vessel containing Four Gallons and a half , or the Eighth part of a Barrel . To Pin himself upon you , or to Hang on . To Pin one's Faith on another's Sleeve , or take all upon Trust , for Gospel that he saies . Not a Pin to chuse , when there is little or no difference . Upon a merry Pin , or in a pleasant Mood . Nick the Pin , to Drink fairly . Pimginnit , a large , red , angry Pimple . Pinch , to Steal , or Slily convey any thing away . To Pinch , to Cut the Measures of Ale , Beer , &c. To Pinch on the Parson's side , or Sharp him of his Tythes . At a Pinch , upon a Push or Exigence . Pinch gut-hall , a noted House at Milend , so Nick-nam'd by the Tarrs , who were half Starved in an East-India Voiage , by their then Commander , who Built ( at his return ) that famous Fabrick , and ( as they say ) with what he Pinch'd out of their Bellies . Pinch-gut-money , allow'd by the King to the Seamen , that Serve on Bord the Navy Royal , when their Provision falls Short ; also in long Voyages when they are forced to Drink Water instead of Beer . Pinpatches , a small Shel-fish very like a Snail , but less , Caught on the Ouzes at low Tide , in Rivers near the Sea , and Sold cheap . Picquant , a sharp Reflection ; also a poynant Sawce . Pink't , Prickt with a Sword in a Rencounter or Duel . He Pink'd his Doublet , he Run him Through . Piquet , a game at Cards . Pit , c. the hole under the Gallows into which those that Pay not the Fee , viz. 6 s 8 d , are cast and Buried . Pit-a pat , or Pintle de Pantledy , sadly Scared , grievously put to it . Pitcher-bawd , the poor Hack that runs of Errands to fetch Wenches or Liquor . Little Pitchers have large Ears , Children may over-hear , and discover Secrets . The Pitcher do's not go so often to the Well , but it comes home Broke at last , of him that after many lucky Adventures or narrow Escapes , miscarries in the End. Pithy jest , or Sentence , that couches a great deal in a little room . Pittance , a small Largess or petty Gratuity . P L Placaert , a Dutch Proclamation , or Order of the States . Plad , Scotch striped Stuff . Plaint for Complaint , he made his Plaint to me , or made his Complaint to me . Hence Plaintiff and Defendant at Law , for Complainant and Defendant . Planks , thrown out to save those that can Swim in a Wreck ; also Flooring . Plant , c. to lay , place , or hide . Plant your Whids and Stow them , c. be wary what you say or let slip . Plaister of hot Gutts , one warm Belly clapt to another . Plate-fleet come s in , when Money comes to Hand . Platter-fac'd-jade , a vere broad , ord'nary faced Woman . Plausible , smooth , specious , Taking . Play it off , to play Booty ; also to thorw a way , at Gaming , so much and no more . He Plaies it off , he Cheats . Pliant , supple , flexible , ductile , manageable , Wax to every Thumb . Plodder , a Porer in Records , Writings or Books , a dull Drudge , or hard Student . A Plodding Lawyer , a Laborious Lawyer . A Plodding Horse , a good Drudge or Pack-horse . Pluck the Ribond , or Pluck Sir O — n , ring the Bell at the Tavern . Plump-in-the-pocket , flush of Money Plyer , c. a Crutch . P O Poching , a sly destroying of Game , with Dogs , Netts , Snares &c. Contrary to the Laws ; also an Egg Boyld in Water out of the Shell . Poke , a Bag , Sack , or Pocket . To buy a Pig in a Poke , or unsight or unseen . To carry your Passions in your Pocket , or smother your Passions . Poker , one that conveys Coals ( at Newcastle ) in Sacks , on Horseback ; also a pointed Porr to raise the Fire , and a Sword. Polt on the Pate , a good Rap there . Poltron , a Coward . Ponyard , a short Dagger or Stilletto . Porker , c. á Sword. Porters , Hirelings to carry Burthens , Beasts of Burthen , or else Menial Servants set to Guard the Gates in a great Man's House , of whom Dr. Donne said pleasantly , that he was ever next the Door , yet the seldomest Abroad of any of the Family . Portable , Pocketable . Portage , Carriage of any thing , whether by Land or Water . Posse Mobilitatis , the whole Rabble in a Body . Post , Employment , Office , Station ; also an advanced , or advantagious piece of Ground : A Pillar in the Way or Street . From Pillar to Post , from Constable to Constable . Pot-hooks , Scrawls or bad Writing . Pot-valiant , Drunk . Pot and Spit , Boyl'd and Roast . A little Pot is soon Hot , of a little Fellow soon made angry . The Pot calls the Kettle black A — , when one accuses another of what he is as Deep in himself . Poulain , a Bubo . Powder monkeys , Boys planted at the Guns a Bord the Ship , to fetch Gun-powder , &c. in the Engagement . Powdring-Tub , the pocky Hospital at Kingsland near London . Poyson'd , Big with Child . Poyson-pate , red Hair'd . P R Prancer , c. a Horse . Prancers-nab , c. a Horse's Head used in a Sham-Seal to such a Pass . Prancers-poll , c. the same as before ; also the Sign of the Nag's Head. Mount the Prancer , c. get on the Horse's Back . Pranks , Tricks . Pratts , c. Buttocks ; also a Tinder-box or Touch-box . Prating-cheat , c. a Tongue . Prateroast , a Talking Boy . Precarious , what is Disputable and uncertain , as being purely at the Pleasure and Courtesy of another . Precaution , Forecast , or the Wisdom of Prevention , which is beyond that of Remedy . Precipitate , Rash , Headstrong , Unadvised , Inconsiderate , hurrying in Business . Precisians , Strait-laced , Squeemish , Foolishly Scrupulous . Preservatives . Antidotes to keep off , or prevent Diseases . Priest-craft , the Art of awing the People , managing their Consciences , and diving into their Purses . Pretext , Show , Colour , Pretence , or Excuse . Prey , c. Money . Prick , the first Head of a Fallow Deer ; also a Skewer . Pricker , a Huntsman on Horse Back . Pricketh , the Footing of a Hare on the hard Highway , when it can be perceived . Prickear'd Fellow , a Crop , whose Ears are longer than his Hair. Prick-louse , a Taylor . Prickt , decayed Wine , tending to Sower . The Prick and Praise of our Town , that bears the Bell from all the Rest , in all Exercises , as Wrestling , Running , Leaping , Vaulting , Pitching of the Barr , &c. Priest-link'd , Married . Priest-ridden , wholly influenc'd , and absolutely govern'd by that Tribe . Prig , c. a Thief , a Cheat ; also a Nice beauish , silly Fellow , is called a meer Prig. Priggs , c. the Ninth Rank of Canting Rogues , Thieves . Priggers , c. Thieves . Prigging , c. Riding ; also Lying with a Woman . Prigstar , c. a Rival in Love. Priggish , c. Thievish . Prig-napper , c. a Horse-Stealer ; also a Thief-taker . Priggers of the Cacklers . c. Poultry-Stealers . Priggers of Prancers , c. the Sixth Order of the Canting Crew , Horse-Stealers , who carry a Bridle in their Pockets , a small Pad Saddle in their Breeches . Primero , an old German Game at Cards . Prim , a silly empty starcht Fellow . Princock , a pert , forward Fellow . Princes-metal , a mixt Métal , betwixt Brass and Copper , and of a mixt Colour between both , not so Pale as the one , nor fo Red as the other , the late Invention of Prince Rupert . Prince Prig , c. a King of the Gypsies ; also a Top-Thief , or Receiver General . Prinking , nicely Dressing . Prinkt up , set up on the Cupboards-head in their best Cloaths , or in State. Stiff-starched . Mistress Princum-Prancum , such a one . Print , the Treading of a Fox . To set in Print , with Mouth skrew'd up and Neck Stretcht out . Prisme , a Triangular Crystal-Glass or Fools Paradise , that by refraction reflects imaginary Blew , Red , and Yellow Colours upon all Objects seen through it ; also any Saw-dust . Prittle-Prattle , idle impertinent Chat. Proclamations , his Head is full of Proclamations , much taken up to little Purpose . Prog , c. Meat . Rum Prog , c. nice Eating . The Cull tipt us Rum Prog , c. the Gentleman Treated us very High. Projectors , Busybodies in new Inventions and Difcoveries , Virtuoso's of Fortune , or Traders in unsuccesful if not impracticable Whimms , who are alwaies Digging where there is no more to be found . Proling , Hunting or Searching about in quest of a Wench , or any Game . Property , a meer Tool , or Implement , to serve a Turn , a Cat 's foot ; also a natural Qu ality or Talent , and the highest right a Man can have to any thing , Liberty and Property , two Inestimable Jewells . To change the Property , or give it another turn , with a new Dress . or the Disguise of a Wig and a false Beard . Proud Bitch , desirous of Copulation . Prying Fellow , that is very curious to enquire into other Men's Secrets and Affairs . Provender , c. he from whom any Money is taken on the Highway . P U Puke , to Spue . Pug , Pugnasty , a meer Pug , a nasty Slut , a sorry Jade , of a Woman ; also a Monkey . Puling , Sickly . Pummel , the Hilt , Handle , or round Knob of a Sword , or Saddle ; also to Beat I Pummel'd his Sides for him , I Beat him soundly . Pump , to wheedle Secrets out of any one ; also to drench , Bailives , Serjeants , Pick-pockets , &c. Pumpt dry , not a Word left to say . Pun , to Play with Words and Sounds . Punch , Brandy and Water , with Limes or Lemon-juice ; also a thick short Man. Punch Nag , a short , thick , fat , squat , strong Horse Punch-houses , Bawdy-houses . Punchable , old passable Money , Anno 1695. Punk , a little Whore. Puny Child , weak little Puny Stomack . Puny Judge , the Junior or Youngest . Pure , c. a Mistress . Purest ▪ pure , c. a Top-Mistress , or Fine Woman . Pupil-mongers , Tutors at the Universities , that have many Pupils , and make a Penny of them . Puritans , Puritanical , those of the precise Cut , strait-laced Precisians , whining ( as Osborn saies ) for a Sanctity God never yet trusted out of Heaven . Purl , Worm-wood infus'd in Ale. Purl-Royal , Canary with a dash of Wormwood . Pursenets , c. Goods taken upon Trust by young Unthrifts at treble the Value ; also a little Purse . Purse-proud , haughty because Rich. Pursy , Foggy , Fat. Pushers , Canary-birds new Flown that cannot Feed themselves . Pushing-School , a Fencing School ; also a Bawdy-house . At a Push , at a pinch or strait . At Push of Pike , at Defiance . Push-pinn , Childrens Play. To Push on one's Fortune , to advance , or run it up . Put. A Country-Put , a silly , shallow-pated Fellow . Put to it , Beset . Q Quacking-cheat , c. a Duck. Quack , an Empirick , or meer pretender to Physic . Quaffing , Quaff off , carousing , to carouse . Quag , Quagmire , marshy moorish Ground . Quailing of the Stomack , beginning to be qualmish or uneasy . Quail-pipe , a Woman's Tongue ; also a Device to take the Birds of that Name , which are fine Food , the French esteem'd the best ; tho' both those and the English are of a Currish Nature , and will beat themselves against the Cage , sides and top , being with difficulty brought to Feed : Wheat is usually given them , but Hempseed is a great deal better . Quaint , curious , neat ; also strange Quaking-cheat , c. a Calf or a Sheep . Qualified , Accomplisht , Statesman , Soldier , Scholar . Qualifications , Accomplishments that render any of them Compleat ; also Conditions . Qually-Wines , Turbulent and Foul. Qualm , a Stomack-Fit ; also Calmness , and the Cry of Ravens . Qualmish , Crop-sick , queasy Stomackt . Quarrel-picker , a Glazier ; also a contentious Fellow , a Trouble Company . Quarron , c. a Body . Quarte , Nails of the Sword-Hand quite up . Quarting upon the streight Line , keeping the Head and Shoulders very much back from the Adversary's Sword , when one thrusts ▪ with his own . Quash , to Suppress , Annul , or Overthrow . To Quash the Indictment . Quean , a Whore , or Slut. A dirty Quean , a very Puzzel or Slut. Queasy Stomacht , Crop-sick , Qualmish . Queen Elizabeth's Pocket-pistol , a Brass-Cannon of a prodigious Length at Dover-Castle . Queere , c. base , Roguish , naught . How Queerely the Cull Touts ? c. how roguishly the Fellow looks . Queere Birds , c. such as having got loose , return to their old Trade of Roguing and Thieving . Queere-bluffer , c. a sneaking , sharping , Cut-throat Ale-house or Inn-keeper . Queere-bung , c. an empty Purse . Queere-clout , c. a sorry , coarse , ord'nary or old Handkerchief , not worth Nimming . Queere-cole , c. Clipt , Counterfeit , or Brass Money . Queere-cole-maker , c. a false Coyner . Queere-cole-fencer , c. a Receiver and putter off false Money . Queere-cove , c. a Rogue . Queere-cuffin , c. a Justice of Peace ; also a Churl . Queere-cull , c. a Fop , or Fool , a Codshead ; also a shabby poor Fellow . Queere-degen , c. an Iron , Steel , or Brass-hilted Sword. Queere-diver , c. a bungling Pick-pocket . Queere-doxy , c. a jilting Jade , a sorry shabby Wench . Queere-drawers , c. Yarn , coarse Worsted , ord'nary or old Stockings . Queere-duke , c. a poor decayed Gentleman ; also a lean , thin , half Starved Fellow , Queere-fun , c. a bungling Cheat or Trick . Queere-ken , c. an ill House , or a Prison . Queere-mort , c. a dirty Drab , a jilting Wench , a Pockey Jade . Queere-nab , c. a Felt , Carolina , Cloth , or ord'nary Hat , not worth whipping off a Man's Head. Queere-kicks , c. coarse , ord'nary or old Breeches . Queere-peepers , c. old-fashion'd , ord'nary , black-fram'd , or common Looking-glasses . Queere-prancer , c. a Founder'd Jade , an ord'nary low-priz'd Horse . Queere-topping , c. sorry Commodes or Head-dresses . Quibble , to Trifle , or Pun. Sir Quibble Queere , a trifling silly shatter-brainn'd Fellow . Quidds , c. Money . Tip the Quidds , c. can ye spend your Six-pence . Quietists , a Numerous and considerable Sect amongst the Papists , being against Oral and wholly for Mental Paryer , Whiggs , Popish Precisians , or Puritans . Quipps , Girds , Taunts , Jeers , &c. Quirks in Law , Law-tricks or Subtilties . Quirks and Quillets , Tricks and Devices . Quod , c. Newgate ; also any Prison , tho' for Debt . The Dab's in in the Quod , c. the poor Rogue is in Limbo . Quota , c. Snack , Share , Part , Proportion or Dividend . Tip me my Quota , c. give me my Part of the Winnings , Booty , Plunder , &c. R Rabbet-suckers , c. young Unthrifts taking up Goods upon Tick at excessive rates . Rabbet , the first Year . Rabbits , Wooden Kanns to Drink out of , once , used on the Roads , now , almost laid by . Rabble , the Mob . Racket , a Noise or Bustle ; also Tennis-play . What a Racket those Ramps keep ? What a busel these rude Children make ? Racking of Wines , Drawing them off their Lees into fresh Vessels . Rack-rent , strain'd to the utmost Value . The Knights of Cales , Gentlemen of Wales , and Lairds of the North Country , a Yeoman of Kent , at Rack-rent , will buy 'em all Three . To lye at Rack and Manger , to live hard . Rag , c. a Farthing . Not a Rag left , c. I have Lost or Spent , all my Money . Ragou , a Relishing Bit , with a high Sawce . Ragamuffin , a Tatterdemallion . Rag-water , a common sort of Strong-waters . Rake , Rake Hell , Rakeshame , a Lewd Spark or Deboshee , one that has not yet Sowed his Wild Oats , Rakish , tending to , or leaning towards that Extravagant way , of Life . Rake , when the Hawk flies out too far from the Fowls ; also so much of the Ship 's Hull as overhangs both Ends of the Keel ; and to Trot a Horse gently . Ràlph-Spooner , a Fool. Raillery , Drolling . To Railly , or Droll . A Railleur , or Droll . Rally , to Unite or embody broken Troops . Rammish , Rank . Ramp , a Tomrig , or rude Girl . To Ramp , to Play rude Horse-Play . Rampant , uppish , over-bold , over-pert , over-lusty . A Lyon Rampant , i. e. rearing up his Fore-feet . Rangle , when Gravel is given to a Hawk , to bring her to a Stomack . Ranging , c. intriguing , and enjoying many Women . Rank , rammish , strong-scented , as all the Fetids , either Vegetables or Animals , as Garlick , Assa foetida , Polecats , Foxes , Goats , &c. And whatever is Stale , Corrupt , or Tainted , and Stinks with long or careless Keeping . A Rank Lie , a lewd or flat Lie. A Rank Knave , an errant base Knave . A Rank Whore , an errant Whore. Rank-rider , c. a Highway-man ; also a Jockey . Rank-wink'd , Hawk , that is a slow Fligher . Rant , to Talk Big , High , or Boast much . Ranters , Extravagants , Unthrifts , Lewd Sparks ; also of the Family of Love. Rantipole , a rude wild Boy or Girl . Rap , to Swop or Exchange a Horse or Goods ; also a Polt on the Pate , and a hard Knocking at a Door . Rapparies , Wild Irish Robbers , and Out-laws . Rapper , a swinging great Lie. Raree-show-men , poor Savoyards strolling up and down with portable Boxes of Puppet-shews at their Backs ; in short , Pedlars of Puppets . Rascal , a base , vile Fellow , a Rogue . Rascal-Deer , lean , poor , ont-lying Deer . Rat , a Drunken Man or Woman taken up by the Watch , and carried by the Constable to the Counter . To smell a Rat , to suspect a Trick . Rattler , c. a Coach. Rattling-cove , c. a Coach-man . Rattling Mumpers , c. such Beggers as Ply Coaches . To Rattle , c. to move off , or be gone . We 'll take Rattle , c. we must not tarry , but whip away . Rattling , the Noise of Coaches and Carts ; as also of Armour , or of Hail , or Thunder . Rattle-pate , a Hot , Maggot-pated Fellow . I Rattled him , I Rated him roundly , and told him his own . Rattleth , the Noise a Goat maketh at Rutting time . Ravilliac , any Assasin . Raw-head and Bloody-bones , a Ball-begger or Scare-child . Rayn-deer , a Beast like a Hart , but has his Head fuller of Antlers . R E Ready , c. Ready and Rhino , c. Money in Possession . Rebel-rout , the Rabble , running Riot . Reaking , smoking or piping-hot , as Pies out of the Oven , Iron out of the Forge , or Blood from a warm Wound . Hence perhaps the Reck , or Reaking , i. ▪ e. Smoak of the Clouds . I 'll Reak my Spite on him , I 'll be Revenged on him . Rear the Boar , Dislodge him . Rebus 's , Words or Sentences that are the same backwards as forwards . Recheat , a Lesson blown on the Horn. Recorder , a musical Instrument ; also a Law-Officer or Magistrate in Cities and Corporations , their Mouth , or Spokesman . Recreant , a Poltron , or Coward , one that eats his Words , or unsaies what he said . Recruits , c. Money ( Expected . ) Have you rais'd the Recruits , c. is the Money come in ? Red-fustian , Clarret or red Port-Wine . Red-letter-man , a Roman-catholic . Red-rag , a Tongue . Your Red-rag will never lie still , your Tongue will ne're be quiet . Red-shank , c. a Duck. Refugies , French and Vaudois Protestants , forced to quit their own and fly into others Countries to have the Excercise of their Religion . Refreshed , either as the Air is with Winds , when it Blows a Fresh Gale ; or artificially with the motion of Fanns , or opening the Windows to Fann a close Room ; or as Wines are with Snow and Ice ; or by casting a new Gloss , on what is worn out , Withered , or Decayed , in Bodies Artificial , as Embroidery by Burnishing , or of Pictures by Varnishing , &c. Rellif , Copulation of Hares . Remember Parson Malham , ( Norfolk ) Pray Drink about Sir. Regraters , Fore-stallers in Markets . Repartee , a sudden smart Reply . Republican , a Common-wealths-man . Reserve , a Store or Hoard to have recourse to , upon a Push or particular Exigence ; a Nest-Egg . Respost , having given a Thrust , to Receive one from the Adversary , before he has recover'd his Body . Resty , Heàd-strong , Wayword , Unruly , Masterless . Retailers , Parcel-traders or Dealers , petty Merchants , Hucksters , Chandlers , Pedlars , &c. In Retail , in Parcel or small Sum , oppos'd to what goes in Tale or Sum at Large . Retainers , a Great Man's Followers or Servants , attending him ( heretofore ) in Blew Coats and Badges , which were the Ancient Liveries , tho' little more remains of it at present , save what is left among the Water-men . Hence the Word Retinue , or Train of Attendance . Revers'd , c. a Man set ( by Bullies ) on his Head , and his Money turn'd out of his Breeches . Reward , what is given the Hounds , or Beagles by the Hands of the Hunts-man or others , after they have finished their Chase , by the Death of what they pursu'd . R H Rhino , c. ready Money . Rhinocerical , c. full of Money . The Cull is Rhinocerical , c. the Fop is full of Money . R I Rib , or Ribroasting , a Dry-basting . Ribbin , c. Money . The Ribbin runs thick , c. his Breeches are well lined with Money . The Ribbin runs thin . c. he has but little Cash about him . Richess , ( of Marterns ) a Company . Rich face , a Red-face . Ridg-cully , c. a Goldsmith . Riff-raff , the Rabble or Scum of the People , Tagrag and Long-tail . Ridge , or row of Hills , extended in a Line . Ridicule , to Railly or turn any thing to a Jest . To turn it all to Ridicule . to make a Mock of it . Rigging , c. Cloaths . I 'll Unrig the Bloss , c. I will Strip the Wench . Rum Rigging , c. fine Cloaths . The Cull has Rum Rigging , let 's Ding him , and Mill him , and Pike , c. the Man has very good Cloths , let us Knock him Down , Rob him , and Scour off . Rill , a Rivulet , or small River . Ring , c. Money extorted by Rogues on the High-way , or by Gentlemen Beggers . A Ring , a Concourse of People for Wrestling , Cudgel-playing , &c. A Ring of Hills , a round Circle of Hills . Ring-walks , the Dew-rounds made by Huntsmen , when they go drawing in their Springs at Hart-Hunting . Ripe , ready , come to maturity . Matters are not Ripe , not ready , or come to Perfection . Riveted , or Rooted Customs , or Habits ; inveterate or confirmed Diseases ▪ R O Roam , to wander far and wide from Home . Roberds-men , c. the third ( old ) Rank of the Canting Crew , mighty Thieves , like Robin-hood . Rochester-portion , two torn Smocks , and what Nature gave . Roe . A Fair Roe-buck , the fifth Year ; a Roe-buck of the first Head , the fourth Year ; a Hemuse , the third Year ; a Gyrle , the second Year ; a Kid , the first Year ; a Roe Beddeth , Lodgeth ; a Roe Belloweth , maketh a Noise at Rutting time . Roger , c. a Portmantle , a Goose ; also a Man's Yard . Rogues , c. the fourth Order of Canters . A Rogue in Grain , a very great Rogue . A Great-be-rogue , a sturdy swinging Rogue . Romance , a feigned pleasant History . To Romance , to Lie pleasantly , to Stretch in Discourse , Romboyles , c. Watch and Ward . Romboyl'd , c. sought after with a Warrant . Romer , a drinking Glass ; also wider . Rook , c. a Cheat , a Knave . To Rook , c. to Cheat or play the Knave . Rope . Upon the High-ropes , Cock-a-hoop . Give him Rope enough and he 'll Hang himself , he 'll Decoy himself within his own Destiny . Rosy-gills , c. Sanguine or fresh-colour'd . Rost-meat-cloths , Holiday-cloths . You cannot fare well , but you must cry Rost-meat , you can't meet with good Chear , but you must tell Tales . To give one Rost-meat , and Beat him with the Spit , to do one a Curtesy , and Twit or Upbraid him with it . To rule the Rost , to be Master , or Paramount . Roasted , Arrested . I 'll Roast the Dab , I will Arrest the Rascal . Rot-gut , very small or thin Beer . Rovers , Pirates , Wanderers , Vagabonds . To Shoot at Rovers , at Random . To Rove about , to wander idly up and down . Rough , Unpolisht , Unmannerly , Uncouth . To lie Rough , in one's Clothes all Night . Round-dealing , Plain , Honest Dealing . Round-summ , a Lusty-Summ . Round-heads , the Parliamentarian Party in the great Rebellion , that begun 1641. Rout , ( of Wolves ) a Company . Rouse , ( the Buck ) Dislodge him . Rawland-for-an-Oliver , to give as good as he brought . Roysters , c. rude , Roaring Rogues . R U Rub , c. to Run away . A Rub , an Impediment , Obstacle , Hinderance , Stop , or Difficulty . Rub on , to Live indifferently . Rub'd off , c. Broke , and run away . Rub through the World , to Live Tolleraly well in it . Rubbers , Two ( and sometimes Three ) Games to make up ; also a Rencounter with drawn Sword , and Reflections made upon any one . Rub-rub , us'd on Greens when the Bowl Flees too fast , to have it forbear , if Words wou'd do it . Rub-up , or refresh the Memory . Rub-up , or Scower Armour , &c. Rubs us to the Whit , c. sends us to Newgate . Ruby-face , very red . Ruck , a Bumble , or Heap . Rud , a small Fish with a forked Tail , between which and the Roach , there is much about the same difference , as between the Herring and the Pilchard . Ruff , an old-fashioned double Band ; also a noted Bird , and a Fish , Pope , like a small Pearch , and when the Hawk hits the Prey , and yet not Trusses it . Ruffin , c. the Devil ; also a Justice of Peace , and also an Assasin . Rufflers , c. the first Rank of Canters ; also notorious Rogues . To Ruffle , to disorder any thing . Ruff-mans , c. the Woods or Bushes . Ruff-peck , c. Bacon . As the Ruffin nab the Cuffin queere , and let the Harmanbeck Trime with his Kinchins about his Colquarron , c. let the Devil take Justice , and let the Constable Hang with his Children abouthis Neck . Ruffter-hood , a plain and easy Leather-hood worn by a Hawk , when first drawn . Rug. It 's all Rug , c. the Game is secured . Rum , c. gallant , Fine , Rich , best or excellent ; also a West-Indian Drink stronger than Brandy , drawn from Dreggs of Sugar for the most part , yet sometimes from Fruits , and Rows of Fish ; best when old , much us'd in Punch . Rumly , c. bravely , cleaverly , delicately , &c. Rum-booze , c. Wine ; also very good or strong Drink . Rum-boozing-Welts , c. bunches of Grapes . Rum-beck , c. any Justice of the Peace . Rum-bob , c. a young Prentice ; also a sharp , sly Trick , and a pretty short Wig. Rum-bite , c. a cleaver Cheat , a neat Trick . Rum-bleating-cheat , c. a very fat Weather . Rum-blower , c. a very Handsom Mistress , kept by a particular Man. Rum-bluffer , c. a jolly Host , Inn-keeper , or Victualler . Rum-bughar , c. a very Pretty and Valuable Dog. Rum-bung , c. a full Purse . Rum-bubber , c. a cleaver or dextrous Fellow at Stealing Silver-Tankards ( formerly ) from Publick Houses . Rum-cod , c. a good Purse of Gold , or round Summ of Money . Rum-cove , c. a great Rogue . Rum-cul , c. a rich Fool , that can be easily Bit , or Cheated by any body ; also one that is very generous and kind to a Mistress , and as Rum-chub , c. which is ( among the Butchers ) one that is easily perswaded to believe what they say of the Goodness , and also to give them an extraod'nary Price for their Meat , a very ignorant Market-man or Woman , that Laies out a great deal of Money with , and is Bit by them . Rum clout c. a Silk , fine Cambrick , or Holland Handkerchief . Rum-cole , c. new Money , or Medals , curiously Coyn'd . Rum-dropper , c. a Vintner . Rum-duke , c. a jolly handsom Man. Rum-dutchess , c. a jolly handsom Woman . Rum-dukes , c. the boldest or stoutest Fellows ( lately ) amongst the Alsatians , Minters , Savoyards , &c. Sent for to remove and guard the Goods of such Bankrupts as intended to take Sanctuary in those Places . Rum-doxy , c. a Beautiful Woman , or light Lady . Rum-degen , c. a Silver-hilted or inlaid Sword. Rum-dell , c. as Rumdoxy . Rum-diver , c. an compleat , or cleaver Pick-pocket . Rum-drawers , c. Silk Stockings , or very fine Worsted Hose . Rum-dubber , c. an experienc'd or expert Picker of Locks . Rumford-Lyon , a Calf . Rum-fun , c. a cleaver Cheat , or sharp Trick . Rum-file , c. as Rum-diver . Rum-gutlers , c. Canary-Wine . Rum-glymmar , c. King or Chief of the Linkboies . Rum-ghelt , c. as Rum-cole . Rum-hopper , c. a Drawer . Rum-hopper , tip us presently a Boozing-cheat of Rum-gutlers , c. Drawer fill us presently a Bottle of the best Canary . Rum-kicks , c. Silver or Gold Brocade Breeches , or very rich with Gold or Silver Galoon . Rum-mawn'd , c. one that Counterfeits himself a Fool. Rum-mort , c. a Queen , or great Lady . Rum-nab , c. a Beaver , or very good Hat. Rum-ned , c. a very silly Fellow . Rum-nantz , c. true French Brandy . Rum-pad , c. the High-way . Rum-padders , c. the better sort of Highway-men , well Mounted and Armed . Rum-peepers , c. a Silver Looking-glass . Rump-and-Kidney M-en , c. Fidlers that Play at Feasts , Fairs , Weddings , &c. And Live chiefly on the Remnants , of Victuals . Rumbling , the rolling of Thunder , motion of a Wheel-barrow , or the noise in the Gutts . Rum prancer , c. a very beautiful Horse . Rum-quidds , c. a great Booty , or large Snack . Rum-ruff-peck , c. Westphalia-Ham . Rum-squeeze , c. much Wine or good Liquor given among the Fidlers . Rum-snitch , c. a good fillip on the Nose . Rum-tol , c. as Rum-degen , the newest Cant of the two . Rum-tilter , c. as Rumtol . Rum-topping , c. a rich commode or Head-dress . Rum-ville , c. London . Rum-wiper , c. as Rum-clout . Run-ryot , to turn Spark , and run out of all ; also when Hounds run at a whole Herd of Deer . Running-stationers , Hawkers , or those that cry News and Books about the Streets . Runt , a little , short , truss Man or Beast . Runts , Canary-Birds above three Years old . Runner , c. as Budge ; also a Galley , or nimble Vessel , to make quick Voyages , as also to escape Privateers , Pirates , &c. Rup , a filthy Boil , or Swelling on the Rump of Poultry , Corrupting the whole Body , Cured with Salt and Water . Rustic , a clownish Country Fellow . Rustygutts an old blunt Fellow . Rutt , Copulation ( of Deer . ) S Sack , c. a Pocket . Dive into his Sack , c. to Pick his Pocket . Sails , Hawk's Wings ; also Windmill-wings . How you Sail about ? How you Santer about ? Salamander , a Bomb-vessel ; also a certain Creature ( said ) to Live in the Fire , and a Stone ( lately ) found in Pensylvania full of Cotton , which will not ( as a modern Author affirms ) consume in the Fire ; and a red-hot Iron to light Tobacco with . Sales-men , Brokers who sell Cattel for the Graziers to the Butchers , before , and at the Beast-Market ; also Sellers of ready-made Cloaths . Salesman's-dog , the same as Barker . Sally , a fit of Passion , or Humor . Salmon , c. the Beggers Sacrament or Oath . Salt , Lecherous , Proud. To come after with Salt and Spoons , of one that is none of the Hastings . Salt-cel , a Rope's end used to Drub the Boies and Sailors on baord of Ship. Salvages , Barbarous People , Inhabiting near the Sea-Coasts in the Maritim Counties , who make a Prey of what the Sea has ( in Pity ) spared , Living upon the Spoil of Shipwrecks . Samlets , so called the Spring following after they are Spawn'd , and tho' then but a little bigger than a Minnow , will ( as Authors say ) grow to be a Salmon , in as short a time as a Goslin will to be a Goose . Sandy-pate , one red-hair'd . Sap-pate , a Fool. Saunter , to loiter Idly , a Term borrowed from those Religious Counterfeits , who under the colour of Pilgrimages , to the Holy Land , us'd to get many Charities , crying still , Sainct terre , Sainct terre , having nothing but the Holy Land in their Mouths , tho' they stay'd alwaies at Home . Saucy , impudent , bold . More sauce than Pig. Your Sauce-Pan runs over , you are exceeding bold . Sawny , a Fool. He 's a meer Sawny , he is very soft , tho' ( in Scotch ) it is only for Alexander . S C Scab , a sorry Wench , or Scoundril-Fellow . Scamper , c. to run away , or Scowre off , either from Justice , as Thieves , Debtors , Criminals , that are pursued ▪ or from ill fortune , as Soldiers that are repulst or worsted . Scandalous , c. a Periwig . Scandal-proof , a thorough pac'd Alsatian , or Minter , one harden'd or past Shame . Shift the Scene , call a new Cause , or change the Discourse . School-butter , a Whipping . I Shcool'd him , I chid him severely . School of Venus , c. a Bawdy-house . Sconce , to build a large Sconce , to run deep upon Tick , or Trust . Scotsh-hobby , a little sorry , scrubbed , low Horse of that Country . Scotch-mist , a sober ▪ soaking Rain . Scoundrel , a Hedge-bird or sorry Scab . Scoure , c. to wear . To Scoure the Cramp-rings , c. to wear Bolts . Scout , c. a Watch. Scowre , c. to run away or scamper . Let us Scowre , or we shall be Boned , c. let us run away or we shall be Taken . Scowrers , c. Drunkards , beating the Watch , breaking Windows , clearing the Streets , &c. Scrip , c. a shred or scrap of Paper . As the Cully did freely blot the Scrip , and tipt me 40 Hogs , c. one enter'd into Bond with me for 40 Shillings . Scrub , a Ragamuffin . Scrubado , the Itch. Scrape-all , a Money-Scrivener ; also a miserable Wretch , or griping Fellow . Screw , to Screw one up , to exact upon one , or Squeeze one in a Bargain or Reckoning . Scud , the course or motion of the Clouds , in Fleeting . Scud-away , to Sail , Ride , or Run very fast . Scumm , the Riff-Raff , or Tagrag and Long-tail . Rake Hell and Skim the Devil . Scut , the Tail of a Hare or Coney . Scuttle , to run away ; also a square hole to go down through the Deck . Sealer , c. one that gives Bonds and Judgments for Goods and Money . Season of Beasts , a Hart or Buck begins at the end of Fencer-Month , 15 Days after Midsumer-day , and lasteth till Holyrood-day . The Fox till Christmass , and lasteth till the Annuntiation of the blessed Virgin . The Hinde or Doe at Holyrood-day , till Candlemass . The Roe-buck at Easter , till Michaelmas . The Roe at Michaelmas till Candlemass . The Hare at Michaelmas , till the end of February . The Wolf from Christmas , till the Annunciation of the blessed Virgin. The Boar at Christmass , and continues to the Purification of our Lady . Second-sighted , such as ( they say ) can , and do see Spirits , Apparitions , &c. Secret , let into the Secret , c. when one is drawn in at Horse-racing , Cock-fighting , Bowling , and other Sports or Games , and Bit. Seeling , when a Hawk first taken , is so blinded with a Thred run through the Eye-lids , that she Seeth not , or very little , the better to make her endure the Hood ; also a sudden healing forced by the motion of the Sea or Wind. Seraglio , a Bawdy-house ; also the Great Turk's Palace . Seraglietto , a lowsy , sorry Bawdy-house , a meer Dog-hole . Setters , or Setting-dogs , they that draw in Bubbles , for old Gamesters to Rook ; also a Sergeant's Yeoman , or Bailiff's Follower , or Second , and an Excize-Officer ▪ to prevent the Brewers defrauding the King. Sewet , Deer's Grease . S H Shabby , in poor , sorry Rigging . Shabberoon , a Ragamuffin . Shab'd-off , sneakt , or slid away . Shaftsbury , a Gallon-pot full of Wine , with a Cock. Shag-bag , a poor , shabby Fellow . Shallow-pate , a foolish , silly , empty Fellow . Sham , c. a Cheat , or Trick . Cut a Sham , c. to play a Rogue 's Trick . Shamble-Legg'd , one that goes wide , and shuffles his Feet about . Shake your Shambles , haste , begon . Shameless , a bold forward Blade . Shanks , Leggs . There 's Shanks ! there 's ill Leggs . Shanker , a little Scab or Pox on the Nut or or Glans of the Yard . Shappeau , c. or Shappo , c. for Chappeau , a Hat , the newest Cant , Nab ▪ being very old , and grown too common ▪ Shapes , said ( often ) to an ill-made ▪ Man. Show your Shapes , turn about , march off , be gone . Great in more Shapes , great in more Professions , or Capacities . Great in all Shapes , great in all the Branches of any one , or more Professions : As , great in all the Parts or Branches of the Law ; ( an universal Lawyer ) Great in all the Parts or Branches of Learning . ( an universal Scholar ) Shark , c. a Sharper ; also a Large voracious Fish . Sharper , c. a Cheat , one that Lives by his Witts . Sharp , subtil , ready , quick or nimble-witted , forward , of lively Apprehension ; also Poor and Needy . Sharpers-tools , c. false Dice . Sharp-set , very Hungry . Shaver , a Cunning Shaver , a subtil , smart Fellow . He Shaves close , he gripes , squeezes , or extorts very severely . Shavings , c. the Clippings of Money . She is with Cub , when the Fox hath Young ones in her . She ▪ napper , c. a Woman Thief-catcher ; also a Cock , ( he ) or Hen ( she ) Bawd , a Procuress and Debaucher of young Virgins ; a Maiden-head-jobber . Sheep-biter , a poor , sorry , sneaking , ill-lookt Fellow . Sheepish , ( Fellow ) bashful , peaking . Sheep's-head , a Fool , a Block-head . Sheep-shearers , c. Cheats . Shie , coy , squeamish , cold , or averse . Shock , a Brunt . To stand the Shock , to bear the brunt . Shocking , what is offensive , grating , grievous . Shop , c. a prison . Shopt , c. imprison'd . Shop-lift , c. one that Steals under pretence of Cheap'ning . Shoe-makers-stocks , pincht with strait Shoes . No Man knows where the Shoe pinches but he that wears it , or another's Cross like him that bears it . Who goes worse Shod than the Shoe-maker's Wife ? One Shoe will not fit all Feet , Men are not all of a Size , nor all Conveniences of a Last . To throw an old Shoe after one , or wish them good Luck in their Business . Short-pots , false , cheating Potts used at Ale-houses , and Brandy-shops . Shot , Shotlings , large , lean Piggs bought to fatten . To Pay one's Shot , to Pay one's Club or Proportion . Shot 'twixt Wind and Water , Clapt , or Poxt . Shoulder-clapper , c. a Sergeant or Bailiff . Shoulder-sham , c. a Partner to a File . Shove the Tumbler , c. to be Whipt at the Cart's Tail. Shred , a Tailer . Shrieketh , the Noise a Badger makes at Rutting Time. Shrouds , burying Cloths , ( now ) Woollen , ( anciently ) Linnen ; also Steps or Ladders ( on board of Ship ) to go up to the Topps . Shuffler , a Bird like , but not so big as a Duck , having a broader Bill . Shuffling-Fellow , a slippery , shifting , Fellow . Shurk , c. a Sharper . S I Sice , c. Six-pence . Sickrel , a puny , sickly Creature . Siege , a Stool to set upon ; also used by Physicians to their Patients . How many Sieges have you had ? i. e. How many Stools have you had ? Upon taking a Purge &c. Simkin , a Fool. Simon , c. Six-pence . Simples , Follies ; also Plants or Physical Herbs . He must be cut of the Simples , Care must be taken to cure him of his Folly . Simpleton , a silly Creature , or Tony. Single , the Tail of a Hart , Buck or other Deer . Singler , or Sanglier , a wild Boar after the 4 th Year . Single-ten , a very foolish , silly Fellow ; also Nails of that size . Sir John , the Country-Vicar or Parson . Sir Timothy , one that Treats every Body , and Pays the Reckonings every where . Six and eight-pence , c. the usual Fee given , to carry back the Body of the Executed Malefactor , to give it Christian Burial . S K Skew , c. a Begger 's Wooden Dish . To look a Skew , or on one side . Skew-fisted , awkward , ungainly . Skin-flint , a griping , sharping , close-fisted Fellow . Skinker , that fills the Glass or Cup. Who Skinks ? Who pours out the Liquor . Skipper , c. a Barn ; also a Dutch Master of a Ship or Vessel . Skip-jacks , c. youngsters that Ride the Horses for Sale. Skip-kennel , a Foot-boy , or Laquais . S L Slam , c. a Trick ; also a Game entirely lost without getting one on that side . Slat , c. a Sheet . Slate , c. a half Crown . Sleeping House , without Shop , Ware-house , or Cellar , only for a private Family . Sleeveless-errand , such as Fools are sent on , the first of April . Sleeveless-story , a Tale of a Tub , or of a Cock and a Bull. To laugh in one's Sleeves , inwardly slyly . Slice , when a Hawk Muteth a great distance from her . Slippery Trick , or Fellow , deceitful , as having two properties of Ice , smooth and slippery . Slot , the footing of a Hart. Slough . a deep miry Hole . Slubber'd over , Work slightly wrought , or huddled up in haste . Slubber-degullion , a slovenly , dirty , nasty Fellow . Slug , a drone , or dull Tool ; also a Bullet , beat into another Shape . Slur , c. a Cheat at Dice ; also a slight Scandal or Affront . Sly-boots , a seeming Silly , but subtil Fellow . S M. Smack , a Tang , or ill Taste . Smacking-cove , c. a Coachman . Smart-money , given by the King , when a Man in Land or Sea-Service has a Leg Shot or Cut off , or is disabled . Smart , witty , sharp ; also pain . Smatterer , one half-learned . A Smattering . a slight Tincture in any Skill or Learning . Smeller , c. a Nose , Smelling-cheat , c. a Nose-gay ; also an Orchard or Garden . Smelts , c half Guineas . Tip me a Smelt , c. Prithee lend me half a Guinea . Smirk , a finical , spruce Fellow . To Smirk ▪ to look pleasantly . Smiter , c. an Arm. Smash , c. to kick down Stairs . The Chubbs , toute the Blosses , they Smash , and make them brush , c. the Sharpers catch their Mistresses at the Tavern , making merry without them , Kick them down Stairs , and force them to rub off . Smock fac'd , fair Snout . Smoke , to Smoke or Smell a Design . It is Smok't , c. it is made Public , all have notice . Smoke him , Smoke him again , to affront a Stranger at his coming in . Smoker , a Vessel to Blind the Enemies , to make way for the Machine to Play ; also a Tobacconist . Smoky , c. Jealous . No Smoke but there is some Fire as no eeds but there is some Water , of a thing that will out , because Smoke is a sign of one , and Reeds or Rushes of the other . Smug , a Black-smith ; also neat and spruce . Smuglers , c. those that Cheat the King of his Customs by private Imports and Exports . Smutty , Bawdy . S N Snack , c. share or part , to go Snacks , c. to go halves or share and share alike . Tip me my Snack , or else I 'll Whiddle , c. Give me my share , or I 'll tell . Snaffle , c. a Highway-man that has got Booty . Snaggs , large Teeth ; also Snails . Snappish , ( a Man ) peevish , quarrelsom ; ( a Dog ) apt to Bite . Snapt , Taken , Caught . Sneak , c. goes upon the Sneak at Munns , c. he privately gets into Houses or Shops at Night , and Steals undiscover'd . A Sneaking Budge , c. one that Robbs alone . Sneaker , ( of Punch ) a small Bowl . Sneaking , sheepish , or mean-spirited . Snearing , flickering , fleering . Snickering , Laughing in his Sleeve or privately . Snilch , c. to Eye or See any Body . The Cull Snilches , c. the man Eyes you or Sees you . Snitch , c. Snitchel , c. a Filip on the Nose . Snite , c. to Wipe , or Flap . Snite his Snitch , c. Wipe his Nose , or give him a good Flap on the Face . Sniting , a Hawk's Sneezing . Sniveling-Fellow , a Whining Fellow . Snow-broth , Snow-water . Snub , to Check , or Rebuke . Snuff , Pet ; also Tobacco taken in Snush . Snuffle , to Speak through the Nose from a Cold or worse . Snudge , c. one that lurks under a Bed , to watch an opportunity to Rob the House . S O Sock , c. a Pocket ; also to Beat. Not a Rag in my Sock , c. I han't a Farthing in my Pocket . I 'll Sock ye , c. I 'll Drub ye tightly . Socket-money , Demanded and Spent upon Marriage . Soft , Foolish . Sohoe , Seehoc , said aloud at the starting a Hare . Soker , a Toper , or Fuddle-cap . An old Soker , a true Pitcher-man . To set Soking , to ply the Pot. Soldier's-bottle , a large one . Solomon , c. the Mass . Son of Apollo , a Scholar . Mars , Soldier . Venus , a Lover of Women . Mercury , a Wit. Parclement , a Lawyer . Sooterkin , a By-word upon the Dutch Women , from a Maggot , or Fancy , that their using Stoves so much , Breeds a kind of Animal in their Wombs , like a Mouse , which at their Delivery skips out . Soreth , the Footings of a Hare in the open Field . Sorrel-pate , red Hair'd . Sorter , ( at the Post Office ) that puts or Digests the Letters into Order or Method . Soul-driver , a Parson . He is a Soul , or loves Brandy . Of a Noble Soul , very generous . A Narrow-Soul'd Fellow , a poor-spirited , or stingy Fellow . Souldiers-Mawn'd , c. a Counterfeit Sore or Wound in the Left Arm : Sounder , a Company of Swine , or wild-Boars . Soupe , Broth , Porridge . Souse . Not a Souse , not a Penny. ( French Money ) Sow's-baby , a Pig. Sowse-crown , a Fool. Sow-child , a Female Child . He has the wrong Sow by the Ear , or is in a wrong Box. Sowre , Crabbed , Surly , Ill-conditioned . Soyl , when any Deer is hard Hunted , and betakes himself to Swimming in any River . S P Spangles , c. ends of Gold or Silver . Spanish-gout , the Pox. Spanish-money , fair Words and Compliments . Spark , a spruce , trim , gay Fellow . A lewd Spark , a Man of the Town , or Debauchee . Sparring-blows , the first Strokes to try the goodness of young Cocks Heels ; also those in a Battel before the Cocks come to Mouth it . Sparrow-mouth'd , a Mouth o Heavenly wide , as Sir P. Sidney calls it . Speckt-wiper , c. a colour'd Handkerchief . Spider-catcher , a Spindle for a Man. Spider's-web , the subtilties of Logic , which ( as Aristo the Chiote said ) tho' artificial to sight , were yet of no Use . Spill , a small Reward or gift of Money . Spindle-shankt , very small-legg'd . Spirit-away , as Kidnap . Spiritual-flesh-broker , a Parson . Spitter , a red Male Hart of a Year old . Splenetic , Melancholic . Split-fig , a Grocer . Splitter-of-Causes , a Lawyer . Split my windpipe , a foolish kind of a Curse among the Beaux . Spraints , the Excrements of an Otter . Spring a Partridge , c. People drawn in , to be Bit. To spring Partridge's , to raise them . A Springe , a Snare , or Nooze to catch Hares , as a Ginn is a Snare or Nooze to catch Birds . Spunge , to drink at others Cost . Spunging-house , a By-prison . A Spunging Fellow , one that lives upon the rest and Pays nothing . S Q Squab , a very fat , truss Person , a new Hatcht Chick ; also a Couch . Squinte-suego , one that Squints very much . Squeek , c. to discover , or impeach ; also to cry out . They Squeek beef upon us , c. cry out Highway-men or Thieves after us . The Cull Squeek's , c. the Rogue Peaches . Squeeker , c. a Barboy ; also a Bastard , or any other child . Stifle the Squeeker , c. to Murder the Child and throw it into a House of Office. Squawl , to throw a wry ; also to cry a loud . Squeemish , nice . Squeeze , to gripe , or skrew hard . Squeezing of Wax , being Bound for any Body ; also sealing of Writings . Squire of Alsatia , a Man of Fortune , drawn in , cheated , and ruin'd by a pack of poor , lowsy , spunging , bold Fellows that liv'd ( formerly ) in White-Fryers . The Squire , a Sir Timothy Treat-all ; also a Sap-pate . Squirish , foolish ; also one that pretends to Pay all Reckomings , and is not strong enough in the Pocket . A fat Squire , a rich Fool. S T Stag , Staggard , see Hart. Stallion , c. a Whore-Master ; also a Stone-Horse kept to cover Mares . Stall-whimper , c. a Bastard . Stalling , c. making or ordaining . Stalling-ken , c. a Broker's-Shop , or any House that receives stolen-Goods . Stale Jest , old , dull . Maid , at her last Prayers . Stam-flesh , c. to Cant. Stammel , a brawny , lusty , strapping Wench . Stamps , c. Legs . Stampers , c. Shoes ; also Carriers . Starched , affected , proud , stiff . Start , ( Drink ) Brewers emptying several Barrels into a great Tub , and thence conveying it through a Leather-pipe down the Cellar into the Butts . Starter , c. a Question ▪ I am no Starter , I shan't flinch , or cry to go Home . Start the Hare , put her up . Statues , either Images in Brass or Stone , or Men without motion . Steenkirk , a Muslinneckcloath carelesly put on , first , at the Battel of Steenkirk , afterwards a Fashion for both Sexes . Steppony , a Decoction of Raisins of the Sun , and Lemons in Conduit-water , sweetned with Sugar and Bottled up . Stern , the Tail of a Wolf ; also the hind part of a Ship. Stick ▪ flamms , c. a pair of Gloves . Stickle-bag , a very small prickly Fish , without Scales , a choice Bait for a Trout . A great Stickler , a zealous Man in the Cause or Interest he espouses . It Sticks in his Stomack , he resents it . Stiff , Sti ▪ ffrump , proud , stately . Sting bum , a Niggard . Stingo , humming , strong Liquor . Stingy , covetuos , close-sisted , sneaking . Stitch , a Tayler . Stitch-back , very strong Ale. Stock-jobbing , a sharp , cunning , cheating Trade of Buying and Selling Shares of Stock in East-India , Guinea and other Companies ; also in the Bank , Exchequer ▪ &c. Stock-drawers , c. Stockings . Stone Dead , quite . Doublet , a Prison ▪ Stop-hole Abbey , c. the Nick-name of the chief Rendezvouz of the Canting Crew of Gypsies , Beggers , Cheats , Thieves , &c. Stop my Vitals , a silly Curse in use among the Beaux . Stoter , c. a great Blow . Stoter him , c. or tip him a Stoter , c. settle him , give him a swinging Blow . Stout , very strong , Malt-Drink . Stow , c. you have said enough . Stow you bene Cove , c. hold your Peace good Fellow . Stow your Whidds and Plant 'em ; for the Cove of the Ken can cant 'em , Take care what you say , for the Man of the House understands you ; also to hoard Treasure , or lay up Corn in Granaries or Drink in Cellars . Hence Stoward , or Steward . Strain-hard , to ly heartily . Strait-lac'd , precise , squeemish , puritanical , nice . Straping , c. lying with a Wench . Strapping-Lass , a swinging two-handed Woman . Stress of weather , foul weather at Sea. At a Stress , at a pinch . Stretching , hanging . He 'll Stretch for it , he 'll be Hang'd . He Stretcht hard , told a whisking Ly. Stretcher , the piece of Wood that lies cross the Boat , where on the Water-man rests his Feet . Strike , c. to Beg , to Rob ; also to borrow Money . Strike all the Cheats , c. Rob all you meet . Strike the Cull , c. Beg of that Gentleman . Strike the Cly , c. get that Fellow's Money from him . He has Struck the Quidds , c. he has got the Cole from him . He Strikes every Body , c. he borrows Money every where , he runs in every one's Debt . A Strike , ( of Corn ) a Bushel . Strip , c. to Rob or Gut a House , to unrig any Body , or to Bite them of their Money . Strip the Ken , c. to Gut the House . Strip the Table , c. to Winn all the Money on the Place . Stripts , poor , Naked . We have Stript the Cull , c. We have got all the Fool 's Money . The Cove's Stript , c. the Rogue has not a Jack left to help himself . Strommel , c. Straw . Strowlers , c. Vagabonds , Itinerants , Men of no settled Abode , of a Precarious Life , Wanderers of Fortune , such , as , Gypsies , Beggers , Pedlers , Hawkers , Mountebanks , Fidlers , Country-Players , Rope-dancers , Juglers , Tumblers , showers of Tricks , and Raree-show-men . Strowling-morts , c. pretending to be Widows , sometimes Travel the Countries , making Laces upon Ewes , Beggerstape , &c. Are light Finger'd , Subtil , Hypocritical , Cruel , and often dangerous to meet , especially when a Ruffler is with them . Study , a Closet of Books . In a brown Study , musing , pensive , careful . Strum , c. a Periwig . Rum-strum , c. a long Wig ; also a handsom Wench , or Strumpet . Stuff , Nonsense , idle , ridiculous , impertinent Talk. Stuling-ken , c. as Stalling-ken , c. Stum , the Flower of fermenting Wine , used by Vintners , when their Wine is down or flat , to make it Drink up and brisk ; also when they Brew , to make their mixtures , ( by putting them into a new Ferment ) all of one Taste . Stumm'd Wines are very unwholesom , and may be discover'd , by a white Froth round the sides of the Glass . Stubble-it , c. hold your Tongue . Sturdy-beggers , c. the fifth and last of the most ancient Order of Canters . S U Sub-beau , or Demibeau , a wou'd be-fine . Sub ▪ bois , Maples , Birch , Sallow ▪ and Willow . Suck , c. Wine or strong Drink . This is rum Suck , c. it is excellent Tipple . We 'll go and Suck out Facas , but if they toute us , we 'll take rattle and brush , c. let 's go to Drink and be merry , but if we be Smelt , by the People of the House , we must Scower off . He loves to Suck his Face , he delights in Drinking . Suckey , c. drunkish , maudlin , half Seas o'er . Suit and Cloak , good store of Brandy or any agreable Liquor , let down Gutter-lane . Sun-burnt , having many ( Male ) Children . Sunny-bank , a good , rousing Winter-Fire . Superstitious-Pies , Minc'd , or Christmas-Pies , so Nick-nam'd by the Puritans , or Precisians , tho' they can Eat 'em ; but affecting to be singular , make them a Month or six Weeks before Christmas , or the Feast of Christ . Supernaculam , not so much as a Drop left to be poured upon the Thumb-nail , so cleaverly was the Liquor tipt off . Supouch , c. an Hostess or Landlady . Surtout , a loose , great , or riding Coat . Sutler , c. he that Pockets up , Gloves , Knives , Handkerchiefs ▪ Snuff and Tobacco-boxes , and all the lesser Moveables ; also a Scullion or Huckster , one that follows an Army , to sell Meat , Drink , &c. S W Swadlers , c. the tenth Order of the Canting Tribe . To Swaddle , to Beat lustily with , a Cane or Cable's end . I 'll Swaddle your Hide , I 'll bang your Back . Swag , c. a Shop . Rum Swag , c. full of rich Goods . Swagger , to vapour or bounce . Swallow , ( Falsities for Truths ) to believe them . Sweets , the Dreggs of Sugar ▪ used by Vintners , to allay the undue fermenting or fretting of their Wine . Sweetners , c. Guinea-Droppers , Cheats , Sharpers . To Sweeten , c. to decoy , draw in , and Bite . To be Sweet upon , c. to coakse , wheedle , entice or allure . Swig-men , c. the 13 th Rank of the Canting Crew , carrying small Habberdashery-Wares about , pretending to sell them , to colour their Roguery . A hearty Swig , a lusty Draught . To Swig it off , to Drink it all up . Swill-belly , a great Drinker . Swimmer , a Counterfeit ( old ) Coyn. Swinging Chap , a very great one . Lye. Fellow , I Swing'd him off , I lay'd on and beat him well-favoredly . He is Swing'd off , damnably Clapt . Swinish , ( fellow ) raking , greedy , gluttonous , covetous . Swabbers , the Ace of Hearts , Knave of Clubs , Ace and Duce of Trumps ; also the Sorriest Sea-Men put to Wash and clean the Ship. Swop , to barter or Truck . T Tackle , c. a Mistress ; also good Cloths . The Cull has tipt his Tackle Rum-rigging , c. or , has Tipt his Bloss Rum-tackle , c. the keeping Coxcomb has given his Mistress very fine Cloths . Taffy , a Welshman or David . Taffy's Day , the first of March. Tables , a Game . Turn the Tables , make it your own Case . Take the Culls in , c. Seize the Men , in order to Rob them . Take-time , never to thrust but with advantage . Very taking , acceptable , agreeable , or becoming . It Takes well , or , the Town Takes it , the Play pleas'd , or was acted with Applause , or the Book Sells well . No doubt but it will Take , no question but it will sell . Talent , the same with Capacity , Genius , Inclination or Ability ; also 375 l. in Silver , and 4500 l. in Gold. His Talent does not lye that way , he has no Genius for it , or his Head does not lean to it . Tale-tellers , a sort of Servants in use with the great Men in Ireland , to Lull them a sleep with Tales and Stories of a Cock and a Bull , &c. I tell you my Tale , and my Tales-man , or Author . Tall-boy , a Pottle or two Quart-pot full of Wine . Talons , or Pounces , a Bird's Claws , as Fangs are Beast's Claws . Tally-men , Brokers that let out Cloths at moderate Rates to wear per Week , Month , or Year . Tame-fellow , tractable , easy , manageable . Tamper , to practise upon one . Tant , Tantest , Mast of a Ship or Man , Tall , Tallest . Tantivy-boies , high-Flyers , or High-flown Church-men , in opposition , to the moderate Church-men ; or Latitudinarians a lower sort of Flyers , like Batts , between Church-men and Dissenters . Taplash , Wretched , sorry Drink , or Hog-wash . Tappeth , see , Beateth . Tariff , a Book of Rates or Customs ; also another of the Current Coin. Tarnish , to Fade . Tar , Tarpaulin , a Seaman ; also a piece of Canvas ( tarr'd ) laid over the Hatches to keep out Wet . Tar-terms , proper Sea-Phrases , or Words . Tart-dame , sharp , quick . Tartar , a sharper . To catch a Tartar , in stead of catching , to be catcht in a Trap. Tatter-de-mallion , c. a ragged , tatter'd Begger , sometimes half Naked , with design to move Charity , having better Cloths at Home . In Tatters , in Raggs . Tatter'd and Torn , rent and torn . Tattler , c. an Alarm , or Striking Watch , or ( indeed ) any . Tatts , c. false Dice . Tat-monger , c. a Sharper , or Cheat , using fase Dice . Tatling Fellow , or Woman , prating , impertinent . Taunts , Girds , Quips , or Jeers . To Taunt , to Jeer or Flout . Taudry , garish , gawdy , with Lace or mismatched and staring Colours : A Term borrow'd from those times when they Trickt and Bedeckt the Shrines and Altars of the Saints , as being at vye with each other upon that occasion . The Votaries of St. Audrey ( an Isle of Ely Saint ) exceeding all the rest in the Dress and Equipage of her Altar , it grew into a Nay-word , upon any thing very Gawdy , that it was all Taudry , as much as to say all St. Audrey . Tayle , c. a Sword. Tayle-drawers , c. Swordstealers . He drew the Cull's Tayle rumly , c. he whipt away the Gentleman's Sword cleverly . T E Teague-land , Ireland . Teague-landers , Irishmen . Tears of the Tankard , Drops of the good Liquor that fall beside . Tegg , see Doe . Temperade , an East-Indian-dish , now in use in England , being a Fowl Fricasied , with high Sauce , Blancht Almonds and Rice . Temperament , an Expedient or Medium ; also a due proportion of the four Humors . Temple-pickling , the Pumping of Bailives , Bumms , Setters , Pick-pockets , &c. Tender-parnel , a very nicely Educated creature , apt to catch Cold upon the least blast of Wind. Terce , the Nails of the Sword-hand quite down . Tercel-gentle , c. a Knight or Gentleman of a good Estate ; also any rich Man. Terra-firma , an Estate in Land ; also a Continent . Has the Cull any Terra Firma ? Has the Fool any Land ? That That or There , to Hare . T H Thwack , to Beat with a Stick or Cudgel . The Dragon upon St. George , c. the Woman uppermost . Thief-takers , who make a Trade of helping People ( for a gratuity ) to their lost Goods and sometimes for Interest or Envy snaping the Rogues themselves ; being usually in fee with them , and acquainted with their Haunts . Thorn-back , an old Maid ; also a well known Fish , said to be exceeding Provocative . Thorough-cough , farting at the same time . Thorough-passage , in at one Ear , and out at t'other . Thorough-stitch , over Shoes , over Boots . The Three-legged-stool ▪ Tyburn . Three-threads , half common Ale , and the rest Stout or Double Beer . Threpps , c. Three-pence . Thrumms , c. Three-pence . Tip me Thrumms , c. Lend me Three-pence . Thummikins , a Punishment ( in Scotland ) by hard Squeezing or Pressing of the Thumbs to extort Confession , which Stretches them prodigiously and is very painful . In Camps , and on board of Ships , lighted Matches are clapt between the Fingers to the same intent . T I Tib , a young Lass . Tib ▪ of the Buttery , c. a Goose . Tickrum , c. a Licence . to run a tick , to go on the Score , or a trust . Tickle-pitcher , a Toss-pot , or Pot-companion . Tiffing , c. lying with a Wench . Tilter , a Sword , to tilt , to fight with Rapier , or pushing Swords , run a tilt , a swift Pursuit , also Drink made to run faster . Tint for tant , hit for hit , and dash for dash . Tip , c. to give or lend ; also Drink and a draught . Tip-your Lour , or Cole or I 'll Mill ye , c. give me your Money or I 'll kill ye . Tip the Culls a Sock , for they are sawcy , c. Knock down the Men for resisting . Tip the Cole to Adam Tiler , c. give your Pick-pocket Money presently to your running Comrade . Tip the Mish , c. give me the Shirt . Tip me a Hog , c. lend me a Shilling . Tip it all off , Drink it all off at a Draught . Don't spoil his Tip , don't baulk his Draught . A Tub of good Tip , ( for Tipple ) a Cask of strong Drink ▪ To Tip off , to Dye . Tipler , a Fuddle-cap or Toss-pot . Tipsy , a'most Drunk . Tiring , Dressing ; also when a Leg or Pinion of a Pullet , Pigeon , &c. is given to a Hawk to pluck at . Tiring-room , a Dressing-Room . A Tire-woman , one that teaches to Dress in the Hair , when in Fashion , and when out , to cut the Hair , and Dress the Head. Tit-bit , a fine Snack , or choice Morsel . Tit-tat , the aiming of Children to go at first . Tittle-tattle , foolish , idle , impertinent Talk. Titter , to Laugh at a Feather . Titter-totter , who is upon the Reel , at every jog , or Blast of Wind. T O Toge , c. a Coat . Togemans , c. a Gown or Cloak . I have Bit the Togemans , c. I have Stole the Cloak . 'T is a Rumtogemans , 't is a good Camlet-Cloak , Let's-nim it , c. let 's whip it off . Tokens , the Plague , also Presents from one to another , and Farthings . Not a Token left , not one Farthing remaining . Tom-fool's-token , Money . Tol. Toledo , c. a Sword. Bite the Tol , c. to Steal the Sword. A Rum-tol , c. a Silver-hilted Sword. A Queertol , c. a Brass or Steelhilted or ord'nary Sword. Tom-boy , a Ramp , or Tomrig . Tom of Bedlam , c. the same as Abram-man . Tom-conney , a very silly Fellow . Tom rig , a Ramp . Tom-thumb , a Dwarf or diminitive Fellow . Come by Tom Long the Carrier , of what is very late , or long a coming . Tongue-pad , a smooth , Glib-tongued , insinuating Fellow . Tony , a silly Fellow , or Ninny . A meer Tony , or Simpleton . Tool , an Implement fit for any Turn , the Creature of any Cause or Faction ; a meer Property , or Cat 's Foot. Top , c. to Cheat , or Trick any one ; also to Insult . What do you Top upon me ? c. do you stick a little Wax to the Dice to keep them together , to get the Chance , you wou'd have ? He thought to have to Topt upon me ▪ c. he design'd to have Put upon me , Sharpt me , Bullied me , or Affronted me . Tope , to Drink . An old Toper , a staunch Drunkard . To Tope it about , or Dust it about , to Drink briskly about . Top-diver , a Lover of Women . An old Top-diver , one that has Lov'd Old-hat in his time . Top-heavy , Drunk . Topping-fellow , who has reacht the Pitch and greatest Eminence in any Art ; the Master , and the Cock of his Profession . Topping-cheat , c. the Gallows . Topping-cove , c. the Hangman . Torch-cul , the same as Bum-fodder . Torcoth , a Fish having a red Belly , found onin the Pool Sinperis , in Carnarvanshire . Tories , Zealous Sticklers for the Prerogative and Rights of the Crown , in behalf of the Monarchy ; also Irish-thieves , or Rapparies . Tost , to name or begin a new Health . Who Tosts now ? Who Christens the Health ? An old Tost , a pert pleasant old Fellow . Totty-headed , Giddy-headed , Hare-brain'd . Tout , c. to look out Sharp , to be upon one's Guard. Who Touts ? c. who looks out sharp ? Tout the Culls , c. Eye those Folks which way they take . Do you Bulk and I 'll File , c. if you 'll jostle him , I will Pick his Pocket . Touting-ken , c. a Tavern or Ale-house Bar. Tourn , Copulation of Roes . Tower-hill-play , a slap on the Face and a kick on the Breech . Town-bull , one that rides all the Women he meets . Tower , a Woman 's false Hair on their Foreheads . Towring Thoughts , Ambitious Aspiring . To Tower , to sore on High. They have been round the Tower with it , c. that Piece of Money has been Clipt . T R Trace , the Footing of a Hare in the Snow . Track , c. to go . Track up the Dancers , c. whip up the Stairs . Tract , the footing of a Boar. Train , a Hawk's or Peacock's Tail ; also Attendants or Retinue . Trajoning , when a Roe crosses and doubles . Tansnear , c. to come up with any body . Translators , Sellers of old Shoes and Boots , between Shoe-makers and Coblers ; also that turn or Translate one Language into another ▪ Transmogrify , to alter , or new vamp . Tranter , the same as Crocker . Trapan , c. he that draws in or wheedles a Cull , and Bites him . Trapan'd , c. Sharpt , ensnar'd . Trapes , a dangling Slattern . Trassing , when the Hawk raiseth any Fowl aloft , and soaring with it , at length descendeth with it to the Ground . Tree the Martern , Dislodge him . Treewins , c. Three-pence . Trigry-mate , an idle She-Companion . Trib , c. a Prison . He is in Trib , for Tribulation , c. he is layd by the Heels , or in a great deal of Trouble . Trim , Dress . in a sad Trim , Dirty , Undrest . A Trim-Lad , a spruce , neat , well trickt Man. Trimmer , a moderate Man , betwixt Whig and Tory , between Prerogative and Property . To Trim , to hold fair with both sides . Trim the Boat , poise it . Trim of ▪ the Ship , that way she goes best . Trimming , c. Cheating People of their Money . Trine , c. to Hang ; also Tyburn . Trining , c. Hanging . Trinkets , Porringers , and also any little odd thing , Toies and Trifles . Tringum-Trangum , a Whim , or Maggor . Tripolin , Chalk , nick-nam'd and us'd by the French Perfumers as Alabaster is by the English . Trip , a short Voyage or Journey ; also an Error of the Tongue , or Pen , a stumble , a false step , a miscarriage , or a Bastard . Troateth , see Growneth Trotters , Feet , usually Sheeps . Shake your Trotters , troop off , be gone An old Trot , a sorry base old Woman . A dog Trot , a pretty Pace . Troll-away , bowl away , or trundle away . Troll-about , saunter , loiter , wander about . Trolly-lolly , coarse Lace once much in fashion , now worn only by the meaner sort . Trollop . A great Trollop , a lusty coarse Ramp or Tomrig . Trooper , c. a half Crown . Trounc'd , troubled , Cast in Law , Punisht . I 'll Trounce the Rogue , I 'll hamper him . Truck , to swop or barter . Trug , a dirty Puzzel , an ord'nary sorry Woman ; also the third part of a Bushel , and a Tray for Milk. Trull , c. a Whore ; also a Tinker's travelling Wife or Wench , and to trundle . Trumpery , old Ware , old Stuff , as old Hatts , Boots , Shoes , &c. Trash and Trumpery . For want of good Company , welcome Trumpery . Trundlers , c. Pease . Trunk , c. a Nose ; also the body of a Tree , or Man , without Head , Arms or Leggs . How fares your old Trunk ? c. Does your Nose stand fast ? Trusty-Trojan , or Trusty-Trout , a sure Friend or Confident . T U Tuck't , Hang'd . Tumbler , c. a Cart. To shove the Tumbler , c. to be Whipt at the Cart's Tail ; also one that Decoys , or draws others into Play ; and one that shows Tricks with and without a Hoop ; a low Silver Cup to Drink out of , and a Coney Dog. Tup , Copulation of Ram and Eve. Venison out of Tup ▪ park Mutton . Turk , any cruel hard-hearted Man. Turky-Merchants , drivers of Turkies . Turkish-shore , Lambeth , Southwark and Roderhith-side of the Water . Turkish Treatment , very sharp or ill dealing in Business . Turn-coat , he that quits one and embraces another Party . Turnep-pate , White or Fair-hair'd . T W Twang , a smack or ill Taste . Tweak , in a Tweak , in a heavy taking , muchvext , or very angry . Twelver , c. a Shilling . Twist , half Tea , half Coffee ; also a Bough , and to Eat . To Twist lustily , to Feed likea Farmer . Twit , to hit in the Teeth . Twitter , to Laugh much with little Noise ; also to Tremble . V Vagaries , wild Rambles , extravagant Frolicks . Vagrant , a wandring Rogue , a strolling Vagabond . Vain , Fond. Vain-glorious , or Ostentatious Man , one that Pisses more than he Drinks . Valet , a Servant . Vamp , c. to Pawn any thing ; also a Sock . I 'll Vamp and tip you the Cole , c. I 'll Pawn my Cloths , but I 'll raise the Money for you . To Vamp , to new Dress , Licker , Refresh , or Rub up old Hatts Boots ▪ Shoes , &c. Vampers , c. Stockings . Varlets , Rogues , Rascals , &c. now tho' formerly Yeomans Servants . Vaudois , Inhabitants of the Vallies in Piedmont , Subject to the Duke of Savoy , fam'd for their frequent Rencounters with and Defeating of French Parties , intercepting their Provisions , &c. Vault , an arched Cellar , and House of Office. She goes to the Vault , when a Hare ( which is very seldom ) takes the Ground like a Coney . Vaulting-School , c. a Bawdy-house ; also an Academy where Vaulting , and other Manly Exercises are Taught . Vauntlay , Hounds or Beagles set in readiness , expecting the Chace to come by , and then cast off before the rest come in . V E Velvet , c. a Tongue . Tip the Velvet , c. to Tongue a Woman . Venary , or Venery , Hunting or Chasing Beasts and Birds of Venery , as , the Hart , the Hind , the Hare , Boar and Wolf , the Pheasant , the Partridge , &c. Venison , whatsoever Beast of the Forest is for the food of Man. Vent , the fundament of Poultry and Fish ; also a Bung-hole in a Vessel . Vent the Otter , see Otter . Vessels , several Pipes and Conveyances in the body , of the Blood , Seed , Serum , or Urine , as the Bloud-vessels , Lymphaeducts , Spermatick Vessels , Urinary Vessels , &c. Also Kitchin-Utensils , as Pots , Pans , &c. And of other Offices , as Brewing , Washing Churning Vessels , &c. V I View , the Treading of a Buck or Fallow Deer . Vinegar , c. a Cloak . Virago , a masculine Woman , or a great two-handed Female . Virtuoso , an experimental Philosopher , a Trader in new Inventions and Discoveries , a Projecter in Philosophy . U N Unharbour the Hart , see Hart. Unitarians , a numerous Sect holding one God without plurality or distinction of Persons . Unkennel the Fox , Dislodge him . Unrig'd , Stript , Undrest , and Ships that are laid up . Unrig the Drab , c. to pull all the Whore's Cloths off . Untwisted , Undone , Ruin'd . Unwasht-bawdry , Rant , errant fulsom Bawdry . Uphils , high Dice . V O Vouchers , c. that put off False Money for Sham-coyners ; also one that Warrants Gagers or under Officers Accompts , either at the Excize-Office , or else where . U P Uppish , rampant , crowing , full of Money . He is very Uppish , well lined in the Fob ; also brisk . Upright-men , c. the second Rank of the Canting Tribes , having sole right to the first night's Lodging with the Dells . Go Upright , said by Taylers and Shoemakers , to their Servants , when any Money is given to make them Drink and signifies , bring it all out in Drink , tho' the Donor intended less and expects Change or some return of Money . Upstarts , new rais'd to Honour . U R Urchin , a little sorry Fellow ; also a Hedge-hog . Urines , Netts to catch Hawks . Urinal of the Planets , Ireland , with us , because of its frequent and great Rains , as Heidelberg , and Cologn in Germany , have the same Name upon the same Account ; also a Chamber-pot , or Glass . U T Utopia , Fairy-Land , a new Atlantis , or Isle of Pines . W Waddle , to go like a Duck. Wag. Waggish , Arch , Gamesom , Pleasant . Wag-Tail , a light Woman . Wallowish , a malkish , ill Taste . Wap , c. to Lie with a Man. If she won't wap for a Winne , let her trin'e for a Make , c. If she won't Lie with a Man for a Penny , let her Hang for a Half-penny . Mort wap-apace , c. a Woman of Experience , or very expert at the Sport. Wapper-eyed , that has Sore or running Eyes . Warm , welllined or flush in the Pocket . Warming-pan , an old fashion'd large Watch. A Scotch Warming-pan , a She-bed-fellow . Warren , c. he that is Security for Goods taken up , on Credit , by Extravagant young Gentlemen ; also a Boarding-school and a Bawdy-house . Wash , After-wort ; also Paint for Faces . Waspish , peevish . Water-Pad , c. one that Robbs Ships in the Thames . Wattles , Ears ; also Sheep-folds . W E Weak , Silly , half-witted . Welsh-Camp , a Field betwixt Lambs-Conduit and Grays Inn-lane , where the Mob got to gether in great numbers , doing great mischief . Welsh-fiddle , the Itch. Westminster-Wedding , a Whore and a Rogue Married together . Wet-Quaker , a Drunkard of that Sect. W H Wheadle , c. a Sharper . To cut a Wheadle , c. to Decoy , by Fawning and Insinuation . Wheel-band in the Nick , regular Drinking over the left Thumb . When we enter'd the Ken , we loapt up the Dancers , and Fagotted all there , c. when we got into the House , we whipt up Stairs and Bound all the People there . Wheatgear , a Bird smaller than a Dottrel , choice Peck . Whether-go-ye , a Wife . Whet , a Draught or Sup to encourage the Appetite . Whet-stones-park , a Lane betwixt Holborn and Lincolns-Inn-fields , fam'd for a Nest of Wenches , now de-park'd . Whids , c. Words . Whiddle , c. to tell , or discover . He Whiddles , c. he Peaches . He Whiddles the whole Scrap , c. he discovers all he knows . The Cull has Whiddled , because we wou'd n't tip him a Snack , c. the Dog has discover'd , because we did n't give him a share . They Whiddle beef , and we must Brush , c. they cry out Thieves , we are Pursued , and must Fly. Whiddler , c. a Peacher ( or rather Impeacher ) of his Gang. Whiggs , the Republicans or Common-wealths-men , under the Name of Patriots , and Lovers of Property ; originally the Field-conventiclers in the West of Scotland . Whiggish , Factious , Seditious , Restless , Uneasy . Whig-land , Scotland . Whip-shire , Yorkshire . Whipster , a sharp , or subtil Fellow . Whip off , c. to Steal , to Drink cleaverly , to Snatch , and to run away . Whipt through the Lungs , run through the Body with a Sword. Whipt in at the Glaze , c. got in at the Window . Whim , a Maggot . Whimsical , Maggotish . Whimper , a low , or small Cry. What a Whimpering you keep ? Whindle , a low or feigned Crying . Whineth , see Otter . To Whine , to cry squeekingly , as at Conventicles . Whinyard , a Sword. Whipper-snapper , a very small but sprightly Boy . Whip-Jacks , c. the tenth Order of the Canting Crew ; Counterfeit Mariners Begging with false Passes , pretending Shipwrecks , great Losses at Sea , &c. narrow escapes ; telling dismal Stories , having learnt Tar-terms on purpose , but are meer Cheats . Whirlegigs , Testicles . Whisk , a little inconsiderable , impertinent Fellow . Whisker , a great Lie. Whiskins , c. shallow , brown Bowls to Drink out off . Whistle , a derisory Term for the Throat . Wet your Whistle , to Liquor your Troat . Whit , c. Newgate . As five Rum-padders , are Rub'd in the Dark-man's out of the Whit , and are pik'd in to the Deuseaville , c. five Highway-men in the Night broke Newgate , and are gone into the Countrey . White-liver'd , Cowardly ; also Pale Visag'd . White-wool , c. Silver . White-chappel-portion , two torn Smocks , and what Nature gave . Whow-ball , a Milk-maid . Whur , the rising or fluttering of Partridge or Pheasant . W I Wicket , c. a Casement , also a little Door . As toute through the Wicket , and see where a Cully pikes with his Gentry-mort , whose Munns are the Rummest I ever touted before c. look through the Casement and see where the Man walks with a Gentle-woman , whose Face is the fairest , I have ever seen . Wicher-Cully , c. a Silver-smith . Wide , when the Biass of the Bowl holds not enough . Widows-Weeds , Mourning Cloths . A Grass-Widow , one that pretends to have been Married , but never was , yet has Children . Whores-kitling , a Bastard . Whore-son , a Bastard . Wild-boar , the fourth Year , at which Age or a little before he leaveth the Sounder , and is called a Singler , or Sanglier , Hogsteer , the third Year ; Hog , the second Year ; Pig of the Sounder , the first Year . A Boar coucheth , Lodgeth ; Rear the Boar , Dislodge him . A Boar freemeth , maketh a noise at rutting Time. Wild-Rogues , c. the fifth Order of Canters , such as are train'd up from Children to Nim Buttons off Coats , to creep in at Cellar and Shop-Windows , and to slip in at Doors behind People ; also that have been whipt , Burnt in the First and often in Prison for Roguery . Wiles , Engins to take Deer ; also Tricks Intrigues . Wily , cunning , crafty , intriguing . Willing-Tit , a little Horse that Travels chearfully . Willow , c. Poor , and of no Reputation . Wind-fall , a great Fortune fallen unexpectedly by the Death of a Friend , or Wood fell by high Winds , &c. Wind-mills in the Head , empty Projects He 'll go as near the Wind as another , live as thrifty and wary as any one . Win , c. a Penny. To Win , c. to Steal . Won , c. Stolen . The Cull has won a couple of Rumglimsticks , c. the Rogue has Stole a pair of Silver-Candlesticks . Windy-fellow , without Sense or Reason . Wink , c. a Signal or Intimation . He tipt the Wink , c. he gave the Sign or Signal . Wipe , c. a Blow ; also a Reflection . He tipt him a rum Wipe , c. he gave him a swinging Blow . I gave him a Wipe , I spoke something that cut him , or gaul'd him . He Wipt his Nose , c. he gull'd him . Wiper , c. a Handkerchief . Nim the Wiper c. to Steal the Handkerchief . Wiper-drawer , c. a Handkerchief Stealer . He drew a broad , narrow , cam , or Speckt Wiper , c. he Pickt-pockets of a broad , or narrow , Ghenting , Cambrick , or Colour'd Handkerchief . Wire-draw , c. a Fetch or Trick to wheedle in Bubbles ; also to screw , over-reach , or deal hard with . Wire-drawn , c. so serv'd , or treated . Wise Man of Gotham , a Fool. Witcher , c. Silver . Witcher-bubber , c. a Silver-bowl . The Cull is pik'd with the Witcher-bubber , c. the Rogue is marched off with the Silver-Bowl . Witcher-tilter , c. a Silver-hilted Sword. He has bit , or drawn the Witcher-tilter , c. he has Stole the Silver-hilted Sword. Within the Sword , from the Sword to the Right Hand . Without the Sword , all the Man's Body above the Sword. The Witt , c. Newgate . W O Woman of the Town , a Lewd , common Prostitute . Womble te-cropt , see Crop-sick . Wooden-ruff , c. a Pillory , the Stocks at the other end . Hudibras . He wore the Wooden-ruff , c. he stood in the Pillory . Wood-pecker , c. a By-stander that bets ; also a bird of that Name . In a Wood , at a loss . Wooly-crown , a Fool. Your Wits are a Wool-gathering , are in a Wild goosechace . Word-pecker , one that play 's with Words . Worm'd out of , Rookt , Cheated , Trickt . Wreath , the Tail of a Boar ; also a Torce between the Mantle and the Crest . X Xantippe , a Scold ; also the froward Wife of Socrates . Y Yarmouth-Capon , a Red Herring . Yarmouth-Coach , a sorry low Cart to ride on , drawn by one Horse . Yarmouth-Pie , made of Herrings , highly Spic'd , and Presented by the City of Norwich , ( upon the forfeiture of their Charter ) annually to the King. Yarum , c. Milk. Y E Yea and Nay-Men , Quakers . Yearn , when Beagles bark and cry at their Game . Yellow , Jealous . Yellow-boy , c. Piece of Gold of any Coin. Yeomam of the Mouth , an Officer belonging to his Majestie 's Pantry . Y O Yoak'd Married . Yorkshire-Tike , a Yorkshire manner of Man. Z Zany , a Mountebank's Merry-Andrew , or Jester , to distinguish him from a Lord's Fool. Zuche , a wither'd or dry Stock or Stub of a Tree . FINIS . 
A28452	----	The academie of eloquence containing a compleat English rhetorique, exemplified with common-places and formes digested into an easie and methodical way to speak and write fluently according to the mode of the present times : together with letters both amorous and moral upon emergent occasions / by Tho. Blount, Gent. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. 1654 Approx. 390 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 123 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2006-06 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A28452 Wing B3321 ESTC R15301 11720108 ocm 11720108 48341 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Rhetoric -- Early works to 1800. 2005-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-11 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-01 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2006-01 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE Academy of Eloquence By Tho : Blount Gent : Demosthenes . Cicero . Fr : Lo : Bacon . Sr : Ph : Sidney . W : Faithorne . Fe : THE ACADEMIE OF ELOQUENCE . Containing a Compleat ENGLISH RHETORIQUE , Exemplified , With Common-Places , and Formes , digested into an easie and Methodical way to speak and write , fluently , according to the mode of the present times , Together with LETTERS both AMOROVS and MORAL , Upon emergent occasions . By THO. BLOUNT Gent ' CICERO , Vt Hominis decus est ingenium : Sic ingenij lumen est Eloquentia . LONDON , Printed by T. N. for Humphrey Moseley , at the Princes-Arm's in S. Paul's Church yard . 1654. TO ALL NOBLE GENTLEMEN AND LADIES OF ENGLAND . WEre it absolutely necessary for him that should write of Eloquence to be perfectly Eloquent , I would easily confess my self too rash in this enterprise : But having seen often those treat knowingly of Painting , that never held Pencill ; and Cicero remarking that Aratus , by the comon consent of learned men , wrote excellently of the Heavens & Stars , though he was no celebrated Astronomer ; I 'm encourag'd to say , Why then may not I too discourse of Eloquence , without being a Orator ? Galen that great Master of Physick , who wrote so learnedly of every part of that Science , was little seen in the Practick ; Nor are those , that discourse best of the embattailing Armys , and differencing military functions , alwaies the best Warriers , or the most daring . The like may happen in this subject , that he , who is able to set down the Rules and Laws which ought to be observ'd in Speech or stile , may notwithstanding find himself defective in the application , and so may be said to give that to others , which he has not himself . The conceits of the mind are Pictures , whose Interpreter is the tongue , and the order of Gods Creatures in themselves , is not only admirable and glorious , but Eloquent ; he then , that could apprehend the consequence of things in their truths , and deliver his apprehensions as truely , were a perfect Orator ; Thus Cicero ; Dicere recte nemo potest nisi qui prudenter intelligit . Eloquence is equally fortunate in taming Passions and in charming senses : she imitates Musick , and makes use of the voice of Orators to enchant the Eares , with the cadence of Periods , and the harmony of Accents ; whilst the gestures , apt motions , Natural Aire , and all those graces , which accompany exact Recitation , steal away the Heart by the eyes , and work wonders upon the will. But Eloquence is chiefly grounded upon Wisdom , & Wisdom arises principally from a due pre-consideration of all our actions ; Hence that excellent saying of a modern French Author , Il est impossible de bien dire , sans avoir bien pensé , 't is impossible to speak well , without having first well considered what to speak . And Plotinus says , 't is wisdom to think upon any thing , before we execute it . Now , as 't is certain , that No harmony , can appear in his thoughts , nor soundness in his reason , whose speech is faltering and preposterous : So likewise no clearness nor perfection in that Fancy , which delivers it self by a confus'd abortion . Great is the disparagment which flows from the defailance of the Tongue : it not only dishonours the person of the Speaker , but even sullys the opinion of his reason and judgement with a disrepute , and oft-times renders the very truth suspected . If then it so befall our verball expressions , which are transient and less lyable to censure , and where one hansome expression may excuse a number of solaecismes ; how shall that person be esteem'd prudent , whose pen layes him wide open in a fungous and sordid stile ; how shall we expect ingenuity from him , whose leisure and Genius , assisted with the examen of his eyes , yeild us no spirit in his writing ? He that has worth in him and cannot express it , is a Cabinet keeping a rich Jewell and the key lost , sayes a modern . Author ; whereas a good stile , with choise matter and embroidery of well chosen words , is like a beautifull Woman with a virtuous Soul , who attracts the eyes and charmes the hearts of all beholders . This excellent faculty of speech ha's bin in high esteem even from the very infancy , & will be to the end of the World ; For in sacred Story we read , the wise in Heart shall be called prudent and the sweetness of the lips increaseth understanding : Pleasant words are as an honycomb ; sweet to the soul and health to the bones . Hence 't was , an ancient Author maintained , that Pericles ( the Orator ) was no less Tyrant in Athens then Pysistratus ; without acknowledging other difference , then that this exercis'd his Empire armed , the other without armes , by the sole terror of his speech , which Aristophanes compar'd to a thunder bolt , as Homer did that of Vlisses to a Torrent , that beares down all with its violence . And 't was said of old , that the tongue of Cyneas ( the fam'd Scholler of Demosthenes ) conquer'd more Citties , then the sword of Pyrrhus , the valiant King of Epire. To have said thus much , of the much more might be added in behalf of this charming Faculty , and of the disadvantage commonly attending those who are unskill'd in it , may serve as an inducement to the youth of both Sexes ( for whose benefit this little Work is chiefly intended , and to their acceptance consecrated ) to make the perusall of it their subservient Recreation for vacant houres , this w th little study , will not only facilitate your discourse into the moding language of these times , but adapt your pens too with a quaint & fluent stile , then which no qualities ( with confidence I speak it ) can render you more accomplish'd . Here shall you be furnisht with all necessary materialls and helps in order to the acquiring so great a treasure ; such helps as have bin advised and often wisht for , but never before published . I. The first part containes a more exact English Rhetorique , then has been hitherto extant , comprehending all the most usefull Figures , exemplifi'd out of the Arcadia and other our choisest Authors . II. In the second part , you have formulae majores or Common-places , upon the most usual subjects for stile and speech ; The use and advantage whereof is asserted by my Lord Bacon , who ( in his Advancement of learning ) sayes thus ; I hold the diligence and pain in collecting Common-places to be of great use and certainty in studying ; as , that which aids the memory subministers copy to invention , and contracts the sight of judgement to a strength . III. In the third place you shall find Formulae minores ( as my Lord calls them ) lesser formes , which he then reckon'd among the defects in our Language , and sayes , they are as it were , the Portals and postern dores of stile and speech , and of no smal use . IV. Lastly , you have a Collection of Letters and addresses written to , for , and by severall persons , upon emergent occasions ; with some particular Instructions and Rules premised , for the better attaining to a Pen-perfection . The Formula's are but Analects , which like the Humble-bec I gather'd in Spring time out of the choisest Flowers of our English Garden ; nor have I in the Rhetorick or Letters transplanted much from my own barren Seminary ; I may say to some noble Correspondents , what the Poet did of old in a like Case , sic vos non vobis — But , you will easily distinguish Tinsill from better mettal : what is mine will appear to be so , by the Bluntismes that frequently occur , the rest are of better allay ; So that , if the defects of my own Essayes be but pardoned , the rest I am confident will abide the touch , and pass for Sterling . T. B. AN English Rhetorique exemplified . FIgures and Tropes ( sayes Alexander the Sophister ) are the vertues of Speech and Stile , as Barbarismes and Solecismes are the vices ; we shall then begin with A METAPHOR or Translation is the friendly and neighbourly borrowing of a word , to express a thing with more light and better note , though not so directly and properly as the naturall name of the thing meant , would signifie . As to say , Drops of Dew are Pearls ; Flowers in Meadows are Starres , and the murmuring of waters , Musick ; that little Birds are Angels of the Forrests ; Whales are living Rocks , or Ships with souls ; that the Sea is a moving Earth ; and fountain water , liquid Crystall . And in expressing Desirous ; a kind of Desire , is thirst , and not much different from thirst is hunger ; Therefore for swords desirous of bloud , Sir Philip Sidney says , hungry of bloud . Where you may note three degrees of a Metaphor in the understanding ; First , the fitness to bloudshed in a weapon usurps the name of Desirous , which is proper to a living Creature , and then that it proceeds to thirst , and so to hunger . The rule of a Metaphor is , that it be not too bold nor too far fetch'd ; And though all Metaphors go beyond the true signification of things , yet are they requisite to express the roving fancies of mens minds , which are not content to fix themselves upon one thing intended , but must wander to the confines ; Like the eye that cannot chuse but view the whole knot , when it purposely beholds but one flower in the Garden ; Or like an Archer , that knowing his Bow will overcast or carry too short , takes an aim on this side or beyond the mark . Besides , a Metaphor is pleasant , because it enriches our knowledge with two things at once , with the Truth and a Similitude ; As this , Heads disinherited of their naturall Seigniories , whereby we understand both beheading , and the government of the head over the body , as the heir hath over the Lordship , which he inherits ; Of which in another place , To divorce the fair marriage of the Head and body ; where besides the cutting off of the head , we understand the conjunction of the head and body to resemble a marriage . The like in concealing love , uttered in these words , To keep love close Prisoner . There came along the street a whole fleet of Coaches , for a great number . Longinus saith , That Metaphors and exchanges of words , are of excellent use , and much conducing to height in eloquence . An Allegory is the continuall prosecuting of a Metaphor , ( which before I defined to be , a translation of one word , ) and that proportionably through the whole sentence , or through many sentences ; As Philoclea was so invironed with sweet Rivers of vertue , that she could neither be battered nor undermined : Where Philoclea is expressed by the similitude of a Castle ; her naturall defence , by the naturall fortification of Rivers about a Castle ; and the Metaphor continues in the attempting her by force or craft , expressed by battering or undermining . Another , But when she had once his Ensign in her mind , then followed whole squadrons of longings , that so it might be with a main battle of mislikings and repinings against their Creation ; where you have Ensigns , Squadrons , main Battels ; Metaphors still derived from the same thing . i. Warr. As I said before , a Metaphor might be too bold , or too far fe●ch'd , so I now remember it may be too base , and too bald a translation ; As the Tempest of judgment had broken the main mast of his will. A goodly Audience of sheep , Souldiers of friendship , or such like . Too base , as in that speech , Fritter of fraud , and seething pot of iniquity . And they that say , A Red herring is a shooing horn to a pot of Ale. But if you speak of disdainfull ●atter , you may use the grosser terms . Therefore for generall delight , take your expressions from ingenious Arts and Professions ; to please the learned in severall kinds ; As from the Meteors , Plants , Beasts in naturall Philosophy ; And from the Starres , Spheres and their motions in Astronomy ; from the better part of Husbandry ; from politick government of Cities ; from Navigation , from the military profession , from Physick ; but not out of the depth of those mysteries ; And ( unless your purpose be to disparage ) let the word be always taken from a thing of equall or ▪ greater dignity , As speaking of Vertue , The skie of your vertue overcast with sorrow , where 't was thought unfit to stoop to any Metaphor , lower then the Heaven . An Embleme , an Allegory , a Simile , a Fable , a Poeticall Fiction differ thus . An Embleme is but one part of the Similitude in the body and the other part under application in the words ; An Allegory is the similitude of the application exprest indifferently , and joyned in one sentence with words , some proper to one part , some to another ; A Simile hath two sentences of severall proper terms compared . A Fable is a Simile acted by Fictions in Beasts ; A Poets Tale , for the most part by Gods and Men. In the former example , Paint a Castle , compast with Rivers , and let the Motto be NEC OBSIDIONE NEC CUNICULIS , Neither by siege nor undermining , that is an Embleme . Lay it as it is in Sir Philips Philoclea ; Vertue , environed , Rivers , battering , undermining , the terms of the other part ; Put all these terms in one sentence , and it is an Allegory ; But let it be thus , There was a Lamb in a Castle , and an Elephant and a Fox besieged her ; The Elephant would have assaulted her , but he could not swim over the River ; the Fox would make an earth to get under her , but he feared the River would sink in upon him and drown him ; then it is a Fable . Let Spencer tell you such a Tale of a Fairy Queen , or Ovid of Danae , and 't is a Poeticall Fiction : But utter it thus in one sentence , As a Castle , compassed about with rivers , cannot be battered or undermined . ( And thus in another ) So Philoclea defended round about with vertuous resolution , could neither be forced nor surprized by deceit ; Then it is a Similitude in its own nature , which is the ground of all Emblemes , Allegories , Fables and Fictions . METONIMIA is an exchange of a name , when one word comes in lieu of another , not for a similitude , but for other naturall affinity and coherence ; As when the matter is used for that which consists thereof ; As , I want silver , for money . When the efficient or author is used for the thing made ; As my blade is right Sebastian ; for , of Sebastians making . The thing containing , for the thing or person contained ; As the the City met the Generall , for the Citizens . The adjunct , property , or quality , for the subject of it ; As , deserts are preferred , for men deserving . Take heed young idleness ; for , idle youth . Give room to the quoif , for , the Serjeant ; with the like . SYNECDOCHE is an exchange of the name of the part for the whole , or of the name of the whole for the part . There are two kinds of totall comprehensions ; An entire body , or a generall name ; As , my name is tossed and censured by many tōgues , for many men ; where the part of an intire body goes for the whole . Contrariwise he carries a Goldsmiths shop on his fingers , for Rings . He fell into the water and swallowed the Thames , for the water . So the generall name for the speciall ; Put up your weapon , for your Dagger . And the speciall , for the particular , As , the Admirall is gone to sea , for Admirall Blake . The particular for the speciall . As I would willingly make you a Sir Philip Sidney , for an eloquent , learned , valiant Gentleman ; or , for many ; as , the Hollander they say comes against us , for the Hollanders , and such like ; which ( because they are easie ) I have exemplified familiarly . Both these figures serve well , when you have mentioned somthing before , that may require Variety in repetition . CATACHRESIS , in English , Abuse , is now grown in fashion , as most abuses are ; It is somewhat more desperate then a Metaphor ; And is the expressing of one matter by the name of another , which is incompatible with , and sometimes clean contrary to it ; As , I gave order to some servants of mine , ( whom I thought as apt for such charities as my self ) to lead him out into a Forrest , and there kill him ; where Charity is used for Cruelty . But this may also be by the Figure IRONIA . The abuse of a word drawn from things far differing ; As , a voyce beautiful to his ears . Accusing in himself no great trouble in mind by his behaviour or action . Do you grudge me part of your sorrow being sister in Nature , I would I were not so far off a Kin in fortune ? This is a usuall figure with the fine conversants of our time , when they strain for extraordinary expressions ; As I am in danger of preferment . I am not guilty of those praises . I have hardly escaped good fortune . He threatens me a good turn . All by the contrary . And as he said that misliked a picture with a crooked Nose . The elbow of his Nose is disproportionable . The ear is not onely pleased with store and variety of words , but takes great delight in the repetition of the same words ; which , because they may be at the beginning , at the middle , in the end , and in sundry correspondencies of each of these places one to another ; it happens that it has purchased severall names of Figures ; As Repetition of the same word or sound immediatly without interposition of any other , is called EPIZEUXIS . O let not , let not from you be powred upon me destruction . Tormented , tormented ? torment of my soul , Philoclea tormented . This figure is not to be used but in passion . ANADIPLOSIS is a repetition in the end of a former sentence , and beginning of the next ; As , you fear lest you should offend ; offend , O how know you that you should offend ? Because she doth deny , deny ? now in earnest I could laugh , &c. Why loved I ? alas , alas ; why loved I ? to die wretched , and to be the example of the heavens hate , and hate , spare not ; for ●our worst blow is given . — From whom they have commonly such respect , and respect soon opens the door to perswasion , &c. This figure is often and handsomly used by Sir William Davenant in his Preface to Gondibert . And as no man strikes in thought upon any thing , but for some vehemency or distrust ; so in speech there is no repetition without importance . CLIMAX is a kinde of ANADIPLOSIS , by degrees making the last word a step to a further meaning . If it be turned to an argument , it is a SORITES ; A young man of great beauty , beautified with great honor , honored with great valor . You could not enjoy your goods , without government , no Government without a Magistrate , no Magistrate without obedience , and no obedience , where every one upon his private passion doth interpret the Rulers actions . Now to make it a SORITES or climing argument , joyn the first and the last with an ERGO . As ERGO you cannot enjoy your own goods , where every man upon his own private passions doth , &c , This in a penned speech is too Academicall , but in discourse more passable and plausible . Seeing to like , liking to love , loving to , &c. Deceived me , after deceit abused me , after abuse forsaken me . What doth better become wisdom then to discern what is worthy loving ? What more agreeable to goodness then to love it , so discerned ? and what to greatness of heart , then to be constant in it once loved . Where the last word or some one word in the last sentence begets the next clause . This Figure hath his time , when you are well entred into discourse , have procured attention , mean to rise and amplifie . ANAPHORA is when many clauses have the like beginning ; You whom vertue hath made the Princess of Felicity , be not the minister of ruine . You whom my choyce hath made the Goddess of my safety . You whom Nature hath made the Load-starr of comfort , be not the rock of shipwrack . This figure beats upon one thing , to cause the quicker apprehension of it in the audience , and to awake a sleepy or dull passion . EPISTROPHE is contrary to the former , when many clauses end with the same words ; Where the richness did invite the eyes , the fashion did en●ertain the eyes , and the device did teach the eyes . And all the night did nothing but weep . Philoclea , sigh Philoclea , and cry out Philoclea , &c. Either arm their lives , or take away their lives . This is rather a Figure of Narration or Instruction , then of motion . SIMPLOCE or COMPLEXIO , is when severall sentences have the same beginning and the same ending . The most covetous man longs not to get riches out of that ground which can bear nothing ; Why ? Because it is impossible . The most ambitious person vexes not his wits to climb to heaven . Why ? because it is impossible . This is the wantonest of Repetitions , and is not to be used in serious matters . EPANALEPSIS is the same in one sentence which SIMPLOCE or COMPLEXIO is in severall ; As , Severe to his servants , to his children severe . Or the same sound reiterated first or last in a sentence . As , His superior in means , in place his superior . In sorrow was I born , and must die in sorrow . Vnkindness moved me , and what can so trouble my courses , or wrack my thoughts as unkindness ? This is a mild and sweet Figure , and of much use , though single and by it self , not usuall in the Arcadia , unless thus , Overthrow of my desires , recompence of my overthrow . EPANADOS is when the midst and the end , or the midst and the beginning are the same , As , If there were any true pleasure in sleep and idleness , then no doubt the Heathen Philosophers would have placed some part of the felicity of their heathen Gods in sleep and idleness . Your diligence to speak well must be great , but you shall be abundantly recompenced for the greatness of your diligence in the success of perswasion . If I should ever wish the perfection of your eloquence , it is for your instruction , and for your benefit , that I would wish you eloquent . This kind of Repetition and the former EPANALEPSIS are most easily admitted into discourse , and are freest from the opinion of affectation ; because words recited at the beginning of many sentences , or at both ends of the same , are more remarkable . ANTIMETABOLE , or COMMUTATIO , is a sentence inverst , or turn'd back ; as , If any for love of honor , or honor of love , &c. That as you are the child of a mother : so you may be mother of a child , &c. They misliked what themselves did ; and yet still did what themselves misliked , &c. If before he languished , because he could not obtain his desiring ; he now lamented , because he could not desire the obtaining . — Either not striving , because he was contented ; or contented , because he would not strive — Just to exercise his might , mighty to exercise his justice . Learned Sir Philip slipt often into this Figure , yet he sometimes conceald the particularity of his affection to it , by not turning the words wholly back , as they lay ; To account it not a purse for treasure , but as a treasure it self worthy to be purs'd up , &c. Men venture lives to conquer ; she conquers lives without venturing , &c. Shewed such fury in his force , such stay in his fury ; which is rather EPANADOS ; Sometimes the same sense inverst in contrary words . As , Parthenia desir'd above all things to have Argalus ; Argalus feared nothing but to misse Parthenia . Where he returns fear to misse in stead of desire . Neither could you have thought so well of me , if extremity of love had not made your judgement partiall ; nor could you have loved me so intirely , if you had not been apt to make so great undeserved judgment of me . Where he returns , for , extremity of love ; loving intirely , and for partiall judgement ; great undeserved judgement . Though this be a sharp and witty Figure , and shews out of the same words , a pretty distinction of meaning very convenient for Schoolmen , yet to ●●e this or any other unreasonably or unseasonably , is ridiculous . Let discretion therefore be the greatest , and most generall Figure of Figures . PARANOMASIA is a present touch of the same letter , syllable or word , with a different meaning . And as for the running upon the letter more then very little , is more then too much , Sir Philip Sidney in Astropell and Stella , calls it the Dictionary method , and verses so made , Rimes running in ratling rowes , which is is an example of it . There is an old Swinish Poem made of it in Latine , call'd PUGNA PORCORUM . Hector , Hanno , Haniball dead , Pompey , Pyrrhus spild , Cyrus , Scipio , Caesar slain , And Alexander kill'd . Agnomination of some syllables is somtimes found in the Arcadia ; as , Alas what can saying make them believe , whom seeing cannot perswade . And , while he was so followed by the valiantest , he made a way for the vilest . She went away repining , but not repenting . Our Alms-deeds are turned into all Mis-deeds ; our praying into playing ; our fasting into feasting . That kinde of breaking words into another meaning , is much sed in Drolerie , and youthful Discourse ; as , you will have but a bare gain out of this bargain , A man not only fit for the gown , but for the gun ; for the pen , but for the pike ; for the book , but for the blade . The garnish of this figure hath been in much request in less serious matters , but the more learned have avoided this kinde of flourish , lest their writings should savour more of the general humor , then of private judgement . POLEPTOTON or TRADUCTIO , is a repetition of words of the same linage , that differ only in termination ; as , exceedingly , exceeding . His faulty using of our faults . Sometimes the same word in several cases ; as , for fear , conceal'd his fear . Sometimes the same word in several voyces ; as , forsaken by all friends , and forsaken by all comfort . Sometimes the same adjective in several comparisons ; as , much may be said in my defence , much more for love , and most of all for that divine creature , who hath joyned me and love together . This is a good figure , and may be used with or without passion , yet so as the use of it come from choice , and not from barrenness . To Amplifie and Illustrate , are two of the principal Ornaments of Eloquence , and gain mens mindes to the chiefest advantages , Admiration and Belief ; For how can you commend any thing more acceptable to our Attention , then by telling us it is extraordinary , and by demonstrating it to be evident . We love to look upon a Commet above all Stars , for these two excellencies , its Greatness and its Clearness ; such in speech is Amplification and Illustration . We amplifie five ways , by Comparison , Division , Accumulation , Intimation , and Progression . Comparison is either of things contrary or equal , or things different : Equal , as , Themisto●les and Coriolanus ( both great States-men , both of great deserts to their Countrey , both banished , both dead at one t●me : Themistocles his Councel could not prevail against the Ingratitude of the Athenians ; nor Coriolanus his Discretion overcome the unkindeness of the Romans ; the one was too excellent , the other too noble , for the envious eyes of their Countrymen to endure , such is the force of vertue , above all quarrels of Nations , or divisions of Allegiances ; that their exiles were honorably entertained , Coriolanus by the Volsci , Themistocles by the Persians , both by their enemies , and both leading great Armies against those Countreys , which so ingratefully expelled them ) were so inwardly restrained with a conscience of sacking their native soil , that they rather chose violence to their own lives , then to the lives of their fellow Citizens , and took it for a sufficient revenge , to make it evident that they might be revenged . But this is not so forcible an Amplification of things equal indeed ( wherein , as you see , all the several points of a consorted , equality are to be searched out ) , as when things seeming unequal are compared , and that in Similitudes , as well as in Examples ; for instance , where a woman is compared to a ship , out of Plautus , both ask much tacking , and sometimes rigging : And you shall profit most of all , by inventing matter of agreement in things most unlike : London and the Tennis-Court are like : for in both all the gains go to th● hazard . Policy is like the Sea , it serves for intercourse of profit , for defence against in●asions ; the●● are both ●●bings and flowings , calms and tempests ; the observation whereof may make a man first wise , then rich . But as the water serves for many outward uses , so can it not please , if it be inwardly swa●●wed . If you ●ail up●n it , it will carry you whereso'ere you will desire ; but if you drink it , it doth not satisfie , but increase desires . Again for Example ; Eriphyle and Tarpeia ( both women in whom nature should govern love , and love warrant fidelity ) were both easily induced to be false , with triffling temptations , they both betrayed , not one friend to another , nor the dearness of love for the height of preferment , but their most assured lovers to their most deadly enemies , for toys , jewels and bracelets ; Eriphyle , her husband Amphiaraus ( the stay of her life ) to Adrastus , his professed enemy : Tarpeia , the Capitol ( the defence of her Country ) to the Sabines , that besieged it , yet neither can remain as invitation , much less a encouragement to Treason ; For Eriphyle was slain by her son , whom nature should have bound to her defence ; Tarpeia by the Sabines , whom her deserts should have obliged to her safe-guard . In comparing of two , when you would raise the person or thing , which you intend to make excellent , you must take the meanest parts of a greater example , and match them with the best of your purpose , and by such partiality you shall amplifie and extol the subject you treat of ; as Isocrates did in his comparison of Cyrus and Thaagarus . Otherwise for impartial comparisons , which notwithstanding do amplifie , read the matches , or encounters of the most famous Grecian and Roman Examples in Plutark . Comparisons of things different . In the former Comparison , is a Composition of the points at first , because I presuppose the histories on both sides to be familiar unto you by reading ; but if you were to marshal histories , whereof both or either were not sufficiently known , then had you need to begin with single relations ; As if a man would compare Vascus G●ma with Sir Francis Drake , he might say , Sir Francis Drake indeed travelled round about the world in two years , saw divers Nations , endured many perils at sea , and returned laden with great Treasure ; And Vascus Gama first searched the Coast of Quiloa , Mozambique , and Calicute , and opened the passage to the East-Indies . But as it was easie for Drake to proceed further in discoveries , when he had entrance made by Columbus : So was it most dangerous and difficult for Gama to adventure a course , without example and direction : Drake scoured the Coasts with a sufficient company of ships , made pillage of others , and thereof furnished himself for his interprize ; Gama went but weak at first , lost most of his small Fleet , and met nothing at seas , but tempests and famine . Drake invaded upon opportunities , hazarded but his own fortune , and retired to sea upon all advantages : Gama had in charge an expedition of his Soveraigns Commandment , was constrained to victual himself amongst barbarous Nations , and not only buy provision in their continent with the price of his blood , but durst not depart without leaving his King proclaimed and possessed in their Territories , divers places of strength fortified , and established to his use : So that if Gama had been to pursue the example of Drake , as Drake had the light of Columbus and Magellus Travels , Vascus Gama ' s spirit was as like to have conquered the whole world , as Drakes fortune was to compass it . And where the parts of Collation are most obscure , there your narration must be the longer ; As , Cicero in comparing Marcellus and Verres , makes a long recitall of the acts of Marcellus to acquaint the hearers with them before comparison . In some cases , after good confidence of proof , your examples may come in more thick and plentiful ; As , If to protract a battell upon advice , be cowardize , then Ph●cion , then Metellus , then Fabius , and all the valiantest Captains of all ages were cowards . If to displant the rebellious natives of Scotland , and to root them out of that kingdom , be cruelty , then the Colonies translated by the Romans into Sicily , into France , into the severall coasts of Italy , & divers other places , testifie great cruelty . But comparison of things different is most commendable , where there seems to be great affinity in the matters conferred ; As in the King of Spains assisting the Irish , and the Queen of Englands aiding the Netherlands . The Spaniard gave assistance to a people untrue in their Treaties , uncivill in their manners , to those who have traiterously rebelled without provocation , and fled out contrary to their own submission , brake their own peace , and wasted their own Countrey . The Queen did but lend some few voluntaries to the protection of a Nation , peaceable in their lives , free by their priviledges , a people denying no claim of any true Prince , except perpetual servitude of their bodies , and importable exactions of their goods . Another example of things different compared . Is not the marriage of heads of Houses & Colledges as lawful as the marriage of the Doctors of the Arches , or the Clerks of the Chancery , both were interdicted by the same law , & yet I take it not indifferent , that both should by the abrogation of the same Law be equally repealed ; The one hath his living casuall by his temporall pains , the other his maintenance certain by Ecclesiastical provision ; The one may purchase by the improving his revenues , & so may lawfully raise a patrimony to maintain his posterity : The other can by no thrift upon the common goods , gather a living for a wife and children , without imbezeling from the poor , deducting from Hospitality , defeating the intent of the giver , or defrauding his succession . Lastly , the one hath all to the use of his office , the other is owner of nothing , but to his own behoof and disposition . In these two sorts of Amplifications you may insert all Figures , as the passion of the matter shall serve . Comparison of contraries is the third and most flourishing way of Comparison . Contraries are somtimes arranged together by pairs one to one , thus . Compare the ones impatiency with the others mildness , the ones insolency with the others submission , the ones humility with the others indignation , and tell me whether he that conquered seemed not rather confounded , then he that ●yeelded any thing discouraged . Compare not mind with mind lest it seem fantasticall , and beyond the triall of our senses ; But set the ones triumph against the others captivity , loss against victory , feasts against wounds , a Crown against fetters , misfortune against felicity , & the majesty of courage will be found in the overthrown . More examples of this you have in the figure Contentio , which is one of the instruments to aggravate , by way of Comparison . Yet one example more . He that prefers wealthy ignorance before chargeable study , prefers contempt before honor , darkness before light , death before life , and earth before , heaven . This is one way of arranging contrarieties . There is another way of ordering them with interchangeable correspondence in sentences , that though each touch not other , yet it affronts the other : As , Shall a Souldier ( for a blow with his hand given in warr to a Captain ) be disgraced ? And shall a Lawyer ( for the Bastinado given in a Court of Justice to his companion ) be advanced ? shall we that profess Laws , maintain outrage ? And shall they that break all Laws , yet in this observe civility ? Where you may see every word in the later sentence aggravated by opposition to every word in the former . Another , Did the most innocent vouchsafe a part of his glory to pray for his enemies ? And shall we the most sinfull esteem it a blot to our reputation to be unrevenged on our brethren ? Of this you shall have more examples hereafter . But unless it be for the Declamatory exercise , you are to avoyd too great swelling without substance . The second way of Amplification , is by Division , which ( as a modern Author says ) is to anatomize it into severall parts , and to examine it according to severall circumstances ; Not unlike the shew that Pedlers make of their Packs when they display them , contrary to the German magnificence , that serves in all the good meat in one dish . But whereas the same Author says , that this Art of Amplifying will betray it self in method and order . I think it rather adorns it self . For in stead of saying , He put the whole Law to the Sword ; let me reckon all ages and sorts , and say ; He neither saved the young men , as pittying the unripe flower of their youth ; nor aged men , as respecting their gravity ; nor children , as pardoning their weakness ; nor women , as having compassion on their Sex ; Souldier , Clergyman , Citizen ; armed or unarmed , resisting or submitting , all within the Town were destroyed by the fury of that bloody Executioner . Note that the divisions here , are taken from age , profession , sex , habit , or behaviour . It may likewise be from all circumstances ; All dance , the Heavens , Elements , mens mindes , Common-wealths , and so by part all dance . Another example varied , He apparels himselfe with great discretion ; Thus amplifie for circumstances , For stuffs , His cloathes were more rich then glittering : As to the fashion , rather usuall for his sort , then fantastical for his invention ; for colour , more grave and uniform then wild and light . For fitness , made as well for ease of exercise , as to set forth to the eye those parts which had in him any excellency . So , to say , he would take an occasion of discourse with a young witty Lady , and would raise it first from her behaviour . If she said nothing he would partly quarrell with her silence ; if she smiled , he would gather out of it some interpretation of praise of her favour , and of his own joy and good fortune ; if she frowned , he would both move her to mirth , and deny that she could be angry in earnest ; if she were sad , he would conform his speech and action in that soberness to her humor , as might beguile her passion , by way of false confederacy ; if she walked or played , the secret praise of her face , her eyes , her hair , her voyce , her hands , her body , her gait , was the application of most conceipts , whatever gave the ground of them ; yet with such dissembling art , as if forgetfulness or love alluded in them , not cunning or want of variety . So you may divide by the forms of speech in general ; as , he was never to seek how to propose or invent , raise or maintain , reconcile and distinguish any Arguments , Histories , Similitudes , Proverbs ; Jests attended him in great plenty , when he needed to imploy them : he would deliver strong Reasons carelesly , and choyce words smoothly and unaffectedly ; he used a sporting wisdom , an eloquent prating . But with Gallants and Ladies of better respect , and less curiosity , his duty , their kindeness , their common acquaintance , the occasion of his coming , the remembrance of his last conference , the place , the time , the last news of forraign parts , the Court , the Countrey , the City , fed his invention , and satisfied their ears . All this is but division of the persons , with whom you conversed , their Manners , Carriage , the Fashions and Ornaments , the Matter and Subject of discourse . This in some sort used , is more properly called Dilatation , then Amplification ; and being often practised , will inable you to discourse almost of any thing , wherein you are not precisely tyed to the exact manner of division , which Logicians use . But you have liberty of seeking all things comprized within the sence of your generall Theame , differ they essentially , or in any notable Property . You may also if you please , run over the intire part of Amplification ; as , the ship was blown up ; for the ship you may say the mast , sails , tacklings , keel , prowe , stern ; for blowing up , you may say rent , torn , smouthered , scattered in the ayr , sunk under the water , all the circumstances of blowing up . So in saying a fair tree , you may divide the tree into the root , body , branches and fruit ; and fairness , into talness , straitness , verdure , sweetness , and such things as are fair in a tree . In describing a gallant man , you may talk of his minde , person , his attempting , prosecuting and finishing an enterprize . And note , that this Amplification hath in it both credibility and instruction ; for it makes instances of that which being generally spoken , would seem but a flourish , and gives more special note of that kinde , which universally could not be conceived , without confusion and dulness . This kinde of Amplification is more taken up by Cicero then Demosthenes ; for Demosthenes never uses it , but as it falls in his way . The third way of Amplification , is Accumulation , which is a heaping up of many terms of praise or accusation , importing but the same matter , without descending into any part , and hath his due season after some argument of proof . Otherwise it is like a Schoolman foming out Synonima's , or words of one meaning , and will sooner beget a censure of superfluity of words , then of sufficiency , of matter . But let us give some example to amplifie a Sedition ; tumults , mutinies , uproars , desperate conspiracies , wicked confederacies , furious commotions , trayterous rebellions , associations in villany , distractions from allegiance , bloody garboyles , intestine Massacres of Citizens . But this example is somewhat too swelling . Now to describe a beautiful woman ; you may say , She hath a most winning countenance , a most pleasant eye , a most amiable presence , a cheerful aspect , she is a most delicate object , &c. The taste of former times hath termed it sweet , to bring in three clauses together of the same sense ; as , Your beauty ( sweet Lady ) hath conquered my reason , subdued my will , mastered my judgement . How this will hold amongst our curious successors in their time , I know not ; he that looks on the wearing of it , will finde it bare , how full of stuff soever it appears . First , it passeth for parts of division , when indeed it is but a variation of an English . Yet notwithstanding the practise will furnish you store of phrases , without which you shal never have choyce , the Mother of perfection . Cicero in his Orations uses it much ; some others follow it to four clauses , but he seldom exceeds three . It has this certain effect , that it will sufficiently secure your vein not to be dry and exhausted . But to return to our first sort of Accumulation , and reduce it with this under one precept . I take the use of this to be in anger , detestation , commiseration , and such passions , as you , seeming throughly possest with , would willingly stir up in others . The fourth way of Amplification is by Intimation , and leaves the collection of greatness to our understanding , by expressing some mark of it . It exceeds speech in silence , and makes our meaning more intelligible by a touch , then by direct treating ; as he that should say , you must live very many years in his company , whom you should account for your friend , says well ; but he that says , you had need eat a bushel of salt with him , saith more , and gives you to reckon more then many years in his company , whom you should account for your friend . It savours sometimes of Hyperbole ; as , that man that is grown gross , is grown from a body to a corporation ; again , for a little man on horse back , He was taken for a hat riding on the pommel of a saddle . Of this sort , examples are familiar ; So honest a wrangler , that his nose being betwixt , was the onely cause why his two eys went not to Law. So the hugeness of a Gyant is exprest , by saying , his skull held half a bushel of wheat . This may be done with Ironia , or denyal . He was no notorios malefactor , but he had been twice on the pillory , and once burnt in the hand for trifling oversights . So , by ambiguity of the word , he draws his sword oftner then his purse . This fashion of Amplification , I term Intimation , because it doth not directly aggravate ; but by consequence or proportion , intimate more to your minde , then to your ears . PROGRESSIO is the last kinde of Amplification , which by steps of comparison scorns every degree , till it come to the supreme ; and sometimes to advance the matter higher , it descends lower . It is an ornament in speech to begin at the lowest , that you may aspire to the highest Amplification . For example , in reprehending the prodigality ▪ of Monuments . I begin with the excesses of Alphonsus on his fathers funeral ; thence to Alexanders profusion upon one of his friends Tombs ; then to Urbanus , towards his servant ; thence to Caesar , on his horses burial ; after that , to the Molossians on their dogs ; and thence to the Egyptians , that charged themselves with the sumptuous burial of a Crocodil . So seeming in some sort , to admit the first less then the second , and by growing weaker and weaker in the excess of every one , as I proceed , the last will seem most rediculous , if not odious . So Cicero against Verres meaning to amplifie his Bribery and Extortions . It is rigorous exaction ( saith he ) not to absolve the innocent without money ; great cruelty to commit him , till be ransom himself ; but not to suffer the parties to have access unto him without reward , is wretched covetousness . To sell the egress and regress of them that shall bring him victuals ; nay , to take money that he shall have an easie death : To put a price upon the strokes that shall execute him ; So much , that he shall be beheaded at one blow ; so much , at two . This is beyond all degrees of most barbarous and intollerable extortion . So in another example ; He was careless of doing well , a loosness of youth ; he was inclined to do ill , a weakness of flesh ; his minde consented to offend , a shrewd temptation ; he committed the act , an unhappy fault ; he accustomed himself to abuse , a sad employment : yet he did not this alone , but infected others with his perswasion , and seduced them by his example . And not that only , but detained those he had drawn in , with fresh inventions , and disgraced the modesty of them who resisted his corruptions , with scorns and derisions , which could argue no less in him , then a most reprobate damnable resolution . The rule of this is , when you would praise or discommend any thing , to consider how many less things there are of that kinde , to which notwithstanding you would give some shew of importance . As he that would render sleep obnoxious , may say that Idleness ( which is less ) by Draco's Laws was Felony . Or , to give that Bishop his right , that built two absolute Colledges at his own charges , and indowed them with Lands . Look downwards how rare it is for a Prelate in these days , not to grant long Leases , diminish the revenues of his fee. How laudable it is to repair the ruines of his own decayed Palaces and Granges ? How magnificent an Act it is thought for a noble man to build an Hospital . How royal for two or three Princes to erect one Colledge . And can there be such an unthankfulness , as to bear but an ordinary remembrance of him , that inricht his Bishoprick , built two the most famous Nurseries of Learning in the Land , was liberal to all wants in his life , and left worthy bequests to all degrees at his death . In like sort , by an example of abusing the name of God. To make table talk of a mean mans name were injurious ; to run upon a Noble mans title , were great scandal ; to play with a Princes name , were Treason : And what shall it be to make a vanity of that name , which is most terrible even to Tyrants and Devils , and most reverend even to Monarchs and Angels ? There be two contrary ascents to the top of this form , either by extenuating the means , as in a former example : or by aggravating them , as in this last of swearing . And may not a matter be well amplified in this manner , by exchanging the comparison of every particular circumstance , that the whole may seem the greater ? As in this example , It is lamentable that a yong man should be offended with the advice of his experienced friend , tending to his profit . First , it is a hard case that counsel should be neglected , but harder that it should offend . It is a sad thing to see any displeased with good admonitions , but more sad , to see a youth so affected , Who would not grieve to have his advice ill taken ? but who would not grieve more , to see his experience controlled ? Vnhappy is that youth , that listens not to the good exhortations of the Skilful . But more , that disdains the instructions of his discreet friend . He is miserable and unfortunate , that quarrels with the sound precepts of his dear friends ; but more miserable and unfortunate , that mislikes directions given for his own good and advantage . This is a most easie , clear and usual kinde of Amplification ; For it gives more light and force to every circumstance . The circumstances are these . The persons , who and to whom , the matter , the intent , the time , the place , the manner , the consequence , and many more : Out of every one of which , any thing may be made more notable , and egregious by way of comparison . And that it may the better be remembred by you , let inquiry be made in every controversi● for the circumstances , and compare them with other less matters , and you shall hardly fail of discourse , or be left on ground for want of good invention . There is a richer shew in this kinde of amplifying by every circumstance , then in any other . First , you must begin every circumstance with a new figure . Sometimes with Affirmation , sometimes with Interrogation , sometimes with Admission , sometimes with Ironia . Secondly , when you , upon every circumstance , urge the whole sense , you are for every circumstance almost to vary the words : As before , for Lamentable ; unhappy , unfortunate , heavy , sad , grievous ; so for Counsel ; A●monitions , Advice , Exhortations , Instructions , Precepts , Directions . Again , I say , remember this kinde of Progression by circumstances , and urging and aggravating all the points of a Sentence : For you shall finde it used as much as any figure in Rhetorique , by all good Speakers and Writers . There are Figures that help Amplification , and make shew of setting forth a matter fairer then it is . The first of them is HIPERBOLE , whereof I will give you some such examples , as my own reading long since observed in the Arcadia . Sometimes it expresseth a thing in the highest degree of possibility beyond the truth , that in descending thence , you may finde the truth . Sometimes in flat impossibilities , that you may rather conceive the unspeakableness , then the untruth of the relation . Possibly , as for Hypocritical Hoste ; he gave as pleasing entertainment , as the falsest heart could give him , whom he means worst unto . That ever eye saw , or heart could imagine . For diligent inquiry ; making their eyes , their ears , and their tongue serve for nothing else , but for that inquiry . This is the utmost that is possible . But in the very frontiers of impossibility , thus , though a thousand deaths followed it , and every death were followed with an hundred dishonors . The world sooner wanted occasions , then he valour to go through them . Words and blows came so thick together , as the one seemed a lightning to the others thunder . Sometimes there is no certain quantity of a thing set , but plainly and ingeniously told unvariably . As , Beyond the bounds of conceipt , much more of utterance . And , this Figure is more for the credit of your wit , then of your speech . CORRECTIO , having used a word of sufficient force , yet pretending a greater strength of meaning , refuses it , and supplyes the place with one of more extension ; as , I perswade you not to let slip occasion , whilst it may not onely be taken , but offers , nay sues to be taken . Where the first rising of the matter is , upon , Not onely , but , then upon the correcting , Nay : Again , you must be content , nay you must be desirous to take pains , if you will write well ; It is the onely quality , which in all actions will gain you praise , praise ( said I , ) nay honor . This Figure is to be used , when you would make the matter more credible in it self , then by the manner of delivery ; 't is sometimes used upon passion , without intent to amplifie . As , you stars , if you do not succor me : no , no , you will not help me . O Parthenia , no more Parthenia , what art thou ? There are two contrary ways to this form , and both lead to Amplification , but in a dissembling sort . The first is by Ironia , which expresses a thing by the contrary , by shew of exhortation , where indeed it dehorteth . As , yet a while , sleep a while , fold thine arms a while : so shall necessity overtake thee , like a traveller , and poverty set on thee like an armed man. It was but small charges of idle money that the Egyptians bestowed in erecting of a Pyramis of Brick , when the expences in Onyons and garlike for Workmens dyet , came to about 238000 l. of our money . Milo had but slender strength , that carryed an Ox a furlong on his back , then killed him with his fist , and eat him to his Breakfast . Titornus had a reasonable good arm ; that could hold two bulls by the tails , the one in the one hand , and the other in the other , and never be stirred out of his place by their violence . Here small , slender and reasonable , amplifie as much as if you had said great , exceeding , or in●redible . Paralepsis ( the second counterfeit of Amplification ) is when you say you let pass that which not withstanding you touch at full : as , I make no account of any hinderance in other the direct studies of my course : I value not my pains in collecting these Observations . I will forget that I denyed the earnest intreaty of many kinde and learned Gentlemen , that sued to me for helps : I am loath to tell you they are notes of his whom your Masters of the Vniversity have thought as great a Reader , and a greater observer , then themselves ; I desire not , that you should make any greater estimation of them , then of a testimony of my love to you , and a pledge of my resolution to encourage those lovely sparks of good invention , which if you smother and quench in your self , you commit a kinde of intellectual murther . The like is used often in Progression . But an other , I urge not to you the hope of your friends , though that should animate you to answer their expectation , I lay not before you the necessity of the place , which you are to furnish , wherein to be defective and insufficient were some shame ; I omit the envious concurrencies , and some prepared comparisons in your Countrey , which have some feeling with yong men of fore-sight ; I onely say , how shall our promises give judgement against us ? how shall we discharge our own Engagements to your Father , if this time hath not taken his full effect of profit in our labours and endeavors . Two figures properly belong to this kinde of Amplification , which are called Accumulation and Division . The first is a round dispatching of much matter , not plainly and simply the same in sense , yet tending to the same end ; as , Loves companions be unquietness , longings , fond comforts , faint discomforts , hopes , jealousies , rages , carelesness , yieldings , &c. Spite , rage , disdain , shame , revenge came upon hatred . These examples are out of Arcadia . You may frame one thus , All men exclaim upon these exactions , Nobles , Gentry , Commonalty ; Poor , Rich , Schollers , Merchants , Peasants , Yong , Old , High , Low , and all cry out upon the hard impositions of these burthens . The second Figure differs not much from the first , but that the first is a sudden entrance into a confused heap of matter : This is a wilde and dissolute repetition of all that went before . As , you have heard of his pride , ambition , cozenage , robberies , mutinies , in the City , in the Camp , in the Country . What kinsman of his unabused , what friend undeceived , what companion uncorrupted , can speak for him ? where can he live without shame ? where can he dye with honor ? These two Figures do not only make your cause seem better , but skilfully and properly used , do amaze an adversary of mean ability . There are other Figures that come in fitly after Amplification ▪ or any great heat justly i●flamed , Interrogation and Exclamation . Interrogation is but a warm proposition , yet it oftentimes doth better then a bare Affirmation , which were but too easie and live-less a speech : as , The credit of behaviour , is to cover imperfection , and set forth your good parts better . Thus expressed , Is it not the chiefest credit of behaviour , to set forth your good parts fairly and clearly , and to cover imperfection . Men are ignorant , and therefore by good expressions without raunting or affectation , you shall gain a more general opinion , then by sufficiency smothered in too modest a silence . By Interrogation thus , Are not most men ignorant ? shall you not then by quaint expressions , withoutraunting or affectation , please more , and get a more general good opinion , then by great sufficiency concealed by your own shamefastness ? To dissemble excellencies is good policy in him , whom his course must at length necessarily draw into light and proof , and then all that he delivers will be admirable , because expectation forestall'd nothing of his worth ; which may likewise be turned into an Interrogation , and is very fit for a speech , addressed to many illiterate hearers ; is much used in Pirocles Oration to the seditious multitude , and then it may be well frequented and iterated . Did the Sun ever bring fruitful Harvest ; but was more hot then pleasant ? Have you any of your children , that be not sometimes cumbersom ? Have you any Fathers that be not sometimes froward ? shall we therefore curse the Sun ? hate our children ? and disobey our Fathers ? An example of many Interrogations . Have you not seen a stately kinde of courtesie , and a proud kinde of humility ? have you not seen a wise man withdraw himself from mean company , with better grace , and more kindeness , then some silly Gentleman that has bestowed himself on fools , thrown himself down into the midst of his miseries ? doth not a commendations , a hat , a good word , a good-morrow , p●rchase more hearts then a moneths familiar pratling ; with a flock of rude people ? Do you converse with your superiors , to learn of them to be able to judge them , and benefit your self ? And shall not your inferiours do the like with you ? Is it not a safer gain of popularity , with ceremonies , then with discovering your Nature ? Many such like Interrogations might be added ; but let it suffice , that it is easie and gentile to sharpen the flats of affirmations and down-right telling of Tales . EXCLAMATION is not lawful , but in the extremity of motion ; as Pyrocles , seeing the mild Philoclea innocently beheaded , cryed out , O Tyrant Heaven , and Traytor Earth , blind Providence , how is this done ? How is this suffered ? Hath this world a Government ? The like in the beginning of the second book of the Arcadia in the person of Ginetia tormented in mind . O Sun ! O Heavens ! O Deserts ! O Vertue ! O imperfect proportion ! And in another Author thus ; O endless endeavour ! O vain-glorious Ignorance ! Dost thou desire to be known ? Where ? In Europe , how canst thou be famous ? When Asia and Africa , that have thrice as many people , hear not of thy actions ? Art not thou then thrice as obscure as thou art renowned ? Dost thou look that all the world should take notice of thee , when for five thousand years three parts of the world took no notice of the fourth . But Europe is the house of Fame , beca●se it is the Nursery of Arts , and Books , wherein reports are preserved . O weak imagination ! O self-pleasing fancy ! Canst thou expect in these parts from 40 degrees to 90 Northward , such praises and honours for thy name , when every Map on every wall shews thee as much space from 40 to 90 Southward , inhabited with nothing but silence and forgetfulness . ACCLAMATION is a sententious clause of a discourse , or a report , such as Daniel in his Poems concludes with often . It is a generall instruction for every man commonly for his pains in reading a History , or other mens Books for some privat use of it to himself . Like a Cash-keeper , who drawing great sums of other mens money , challenges somwhat in the pound for his own Fee. It serves for Amplification , when after a great crime or Desert exclaim'd upon , or extol'd , it gives a morall note worth credit and observation . As after the true relation of Scipio Africanus's course , who having been chief governor of the greatest Armies in the world ; having all his life time Kings suiters for his favour , and nations kept in awe of his Name ; yet in 56 years neither bought nor sold goods or lands , built any House or Castle of his own , left not above 46. l. in Gold , and 6. l. in silver behind him at his death . It may be folded up in this Acclamation : So little need has he to stoop to privat cares , that thrives upon publick victories ; and so small leasure has he to be desirous of riches , that hath been so long possest and satisfied with honor , which is the immortall end of mortal actions . Such notes are th●se scraps of policy which some now-a-days gather out of Polybius and Tacitus , and not unlike are the Morals that hang upon Esops Fables . This Acclamation sometimes is the cause and reason of a former Narration , as a story of one , who being a servant to a family , and of mean quality , won the doting love of a witty Lady in the House , whereas she never looked upon the humble suits , the cunning insinuations , the noble deserts of many lovers of higher degree , but with free judgment and careless censure ; This close may follow , So hard entrance hath affection into a heart prepared to suspition , especially in the weakest natures , whose safeguard is mistrust : So easie is the increase of love by insensible steps , when the service you offer seems to proceed out of the goodness of your own disposition , which women expect to be permanent , and not out of the necessity of your suit , which may force you for the time to a wained difference from the proper humor . Yet if this be too much used , it is like a note-book gathered out of Histories . Contrary to Amplification is DIMINUTION , and this descends by the same steps that Amplification ascends , and differs no more then up Hill and down Dale , which is the same way , begun out of severall sentences ; Yet some examples in Arcadia , will make you observe two ways of Diminishing single terms , one by denying the contrary ; As if you should say , But reasonably pleasant ; Arcadia speech is , Not unpleasant , hardly liked , nor misliked . But why should I give examples of the most usuall phrases in the English tongue , as we say , Not the wisest that ever we saw , for a man of small wisdome . The second way is , by denying the right of the words , but by error of some ; As , Those fantasticall mind-infected people , which Children and Musicians call Lovers . That misfortune of letting fall his Dagger , which the rude Swaggerers of our time , call , being disarmed . That opinion of honesty , which hath lately been so proudly translated by the Souldier into the word ( Honor. ) And such like . But the former fashion of Diminution sometimes in Ironious sort goes for Amplification , As speaking of a great personage , No mean man ; This is an ordinary Figure for all kinds of speeches . The Figures following serve for Amplification . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is a composition of contraries , and by both words intimates the meaning of neither precisely , but a moderation and mediocrity , As , bravery and raggery are contrary , yet somwhat better then both is meant by brave raggedness . So , wanton modesty ; inticing soberness . And with that she prettily smiled , which mingled with tears , a man could not tell , whether it were a mourning pleasure , or delightfull sorrow . With what a witty ignorance she would understand ? &c. Absented presence ; well-willing spight . The one contrary is aff●rmed to be in the other directly , by making the one the Substantive , the other the Adjective , as above in those examples ; or indirectly , as in these words following . Seeking Honor by dishonor ; And building safety upon ruine ; O foolish woman , and most miserable foolish woman , because wit makes thee foolish . Captivity might seem to have authority over tyranny . This is a gentile way to move admiration in the hearers , and make them think it a strange harmony , which must be exprest in such discord . Therefore this example shall conclude . There was a perfect agreement in so perfect a disagreement : like musick made of cunning discords . This is an easie Figure , and useful . CONTENTIO is contrary to the former ; That was a composition of Sturmius disagreement ; This is an opposition of them . As , there was strength against nimbleness , rage against resolution , pride against nobleness . He is a swaggerer amongst quiet men ? but is quiet among swaggerers ? Earnest in idle things , idle in matters of earnestness . Where there is both Antimetabole for the turning of the sentence back , and Contentio respecting the contra●iety of things meant thereby . Could not look on , nor would not look off . Neither the one hurt her , nor the other help her . Just without partiality , humble without contradiction , Liberall without profusion , Wise without curiosity . This Figure is fit to embelish a copious stile , and serves much for Amplification by Comparison . COMPAR is an even gait ▪ of sentences answering each other in measures interchangeably . Such as are in St. Augustine often , but oftner in Gregory the Divine ; And in Bishop Andrews works in English . But many do intermingle this Figure with Agnominatio , and Similiter cadens ; It is very usefull in elocution ; But in penning it must be used with modes●y and mediocrity . A touch of Agnomination of the Letter is tollerable with a Compar ; As , If ever I could wish my Faith untryed and my Councel untrusted . And ( where there is a similiter cadens , but a more evident falling alike ) in this . My years are not so many , but that one death may conclude them ; nor my faults so many , but that one death may satisfie them . Without consonancy of fall or harping upon a letter or syllable , yet a Compar ; because the words match each other in rank . Save his gray hairs from rebuke , and his aged mind from despair ; where gray hairs , aged mind , rebuke and despair answer each other . Again , Rather seek to obtain that constantly by courtesie , which you cannot assuredly enjoy by violence . Verb to Verb , Adverb , to Adverb , and Substantive to Substantive . Lovelines can neither warrant you from suspitions in others , nor defend you from melancholy in your self . In some places there is a shorter Compar : where word to word , or substantive to substantive , are joyned , and yet without conjunction , which is ASYNDETON . Her face with beauty , her head with wisdom , her eyes with Majesty , her countenance with gracefulness , her lips with loueliness ; Where many ( And 's ) are spared . In some places only the Conjunction is put in the last in a Compar of three ; As , her wit endeared by youth , her afction by birth , and her sadness by her beauty . A fair woman shal not onely command without intreaty , but perswade without speaking . This is an excellent Figure , in no place untimely , if not too often used ; It fits well the even pauses ▪ and interruptions of an eloquent tongue , seems to be rich and copious , and to contain many parts ( whereof each with a tedious man would be a sentence ) and make an impression upon the hearers senses ; It has long bin in request , ever since the dayes of Isocrates , whose Orations are full of it . This Figure belongs more properly to that part of Amplification , called Division , then to Accumulation . Sententia , if it be well used , is a Figure ; if ill and too much , a Style , of which none that wri●e humorously and factiously , can be clear in these days , when there are so many Schismes of Eloquence , We study now-a-days according to the predominancy of Criticall fancies . Whil●t Moral Philosophy was in request , it was rudeness , not to be sententious ; whilst Mathematicks were of late in vogue , all similitudes came from Lines , Circles and Angles ; But now that Mars is predominant , we must recruit our wits , and give our words a new Quarter . It is very true , that a Sentence is a pearl in a Discourse ; but it is a good Discourse that consists all of pearls . It is like an Eye in the body , nor is it monstrous to be all Eys . I take Cyclops to be as handsome a man , as Argos . And if a Sentence were as like a hand in the Text , as it is commonly noted with a hand in the Margent , yet I should rather like that work that had no more hands then Hercules , then that which had as many as Briarius . These are Sentences , The rich mans bounty is the poor mans Exchequer . The sickness of age is avarice ; The errors of youth profaneness . There is small difference between a Proposition and a Question , if I forget not Aristotle . ( 1. Top. ) Since length of acquaintance , mutual secresies , nor height of benefits could oblige a savage mind . There is a Sentence , and in it ZEUGMA , ASYNDETON , and METAPHORA . Guiltlesness is not always with ease oppressed , Where there is Meriosis , not always with ease , for , ever and hardly . Who stands onely upon defence , stands upon no defence ; A sentence with EPANADOS . Vnlawfull desires are punished after the effect of enjoying ; But impossible desires are punished in the desire it self . A Sentence with DISTINCTIO and CONTENTIO . Love to a yeilding heart is a King , but to a resisting , a Tyrant . COMPAR & CONTENTIO ; It is a foolish wittiness to speak of more then one thinks . Neither is this sentence without a Compar : it is a double sentence , as they call it ; To a heart fully resolved , counsel is tedious , and reprehension loathsome . And , There is nothing more terrible to a guilty heart , then the eye of a respected friend . There may be also Sentences particular to some men as well as generall ; As , — Amphialus , in whom abused kindness became spitefull rage . Fearfulness , contrary to all other vices , making Clinias think the better of another , the worse he found himself . Evarchus making his life the example of his lawes . All which may be taken for Rules and Common-places , by putting the generall name for the speciall , as they say , drawing it à THESI ad HYPOTHESIN . These Examples may make you believe , that a Sentence may be cours'd through the whole Figure-book , and that many Figures may easily assemble in one Clause , and any one Figure consort with another . Yet it were absurd to ground the form and fashion of your whole stile upon any one Figure . ILLUSTRATION consists either in things or words , in the description of things living or dead . And of living things , either reasonable , as men and their personages , and qualities ; or un●e●sona●le , as of Horses , Ships , Islands , Castles , and such like . Men are described most excellently in the Arcadia , As Basilius , Plexe●tus , Pirocles , Musidorus , Anaxius , &c. But he that will truly characterize a ●an , in a feigned Story , must first learn handsomly to describe a humour , a passion , a vertue , a vice , and therein , keeping decent proportion , add but names , and knit together the accidents and encounters . This perfect expressing of all qualities , is learn'd out of Aristotles tenth Book of Morall Philosophy . But because ( as Mac●iavel observes ) perfect vertue , or perfect vice is not seen in our time , which altogether is humorous and spirting : Therefore the understanding of Aristotles Rhetorique is held to be the best means to attain to true Eloquence ; Excellent on this subject also are Theophrasti imagines ; Heliodorus and Longinus in Greek ( the last lately well translated into English ) Zanaxarus his Arcadia in Italian , Diana de monte majori in Spanish , &c. But to our purpose , of personages and affections described in Arcadia . For men ; pleasant , idle retiredness in a King Basilius , and a dangerous end of it . Unfortunate valor in Plangus ; Courteous valor in Amphialus ; Proud valor in Anaxius ; Hospitality in Kalandar ; The mirror of true courage and friendship in Pirocles , and Musidorus ; Miserableness and ingratitude in Chremes ; Fear and false subtilty in Clynias ; Fear and rudeness , with ill affected civility in Dametas ; And through this Story Mutuall love in marriage in Argalus and Parthenia ; O●t of marriage in Pirocles and Philoclea , Musidorus and Pamela , True constant love unrespected in Plangus , in Helena , in the true Zelmane ; Inconstancy , envy , suspition and tyranny in a King and his Councellors ; Generall false love in Phamphilus ; and slight carriage and credulity in Chremes daughter ; base doting on a wife in Plangus father . But in women a mischievous and seditious stomack in Cecropia ; Prudent courage in Pamela ; Mild discretion in Philoclea● ; Pamela's prayer , her discourse , squeamish cunning ; Unworthiness in Artesia ; Respective & restless dotage in Gynetia's love . Proud ill-favoured , sluttish simplicity in Mopsa . Now in these persons is there ever a stedfast decency , and uniform difference of manners observed wheresoever you find them ? However each interrupt the others story and actions . And as for actions of persons , there are many rarely and perfectly described . As the mutiny and fire in a ship ; causes of an uproar ; The Garboyl ; an armed skirmish ; policy and preparation . Sometimes managing a Horse is described ; tilting and shews . Many other lively and notable portracts there are , which I will not set down to save you so sweet a labour , as the reading of that which alone will make you eloquent and wise . Sir Philip Sidneys course ( besides reading Aristotle and Theophrastus ) was to imagine the thing present , that his pen might the better describe it . Under this notion of Illustration may come lively descriptions , and the apt fitting a person represented with speech and action , both which grow into very pleasing acquaintance with the understanding and memory of the Reader . For speciall light in every Sentence , there are other sparks of Figures . First , if there be any doubt or ambiguity in the words , it is better left out then distinguished . But if you are to answer former speeches , that imply any doubtfulness , you may disperse all clouds , and remove all scruples with Distinction . As being charged you have brought very light reasons , you may answer , If by light you mean clear , I am glad you see them ; If by light , you mean of no weight , I am sorry you do not feel them . So you may express a man of hidden learning , Hidden as well for the obscure and mean estate of his person , as hidden for the unusuall and not vulgar conceit of the matter . But as ambiguity is not onely in words but in matter ; so both wayes it is taken away by Distinction . Sometimes it is in single words , as in these former , light and hidden . Somtimes in coherence of Sentences , by reason of the relation of each word to other , or by reason of the change of the pointing , which is cleared by delivery . You have many examples of this in the second Book of Tully de Oratore , and Quintilian , where there is mention of Jocus ab ambiguo . As also in Erasmus his Apothegmes . Distinction of ambiguity in matters of determination of the truth of generall propositions , is to tell wherein they are certain , wherein they are not . As , Travell in foreign Countreys , settles a young mans humor . If it be taken in this sort , that it will inforce him to wariness and secresie , and restrain him from pouring forth his counsails , it is very profitable : For he shall have few friends in whom to put confidence , and few companions with whom he might bestow his idle time , or communicate his youthfull thoughts . But if you intend that , by travell , all vanities should be cast off , it seems not so likely and admirable , because he shall walk through many ill examples , and great liberty . Another proposition distinguished . They are but frail merits that you shall bestow upon young mens friendship . 'T is true , if you satisfie those desires which are like to depart with their youth ; As , gaming , feasting , idle sporting , you are like to be cast off with these toys , and forgotten . But if your deserts be in noble Exercises , learned Conferences , and civill frien●●y Offices , the remembrance thereof will increase as fast as their discretion . So much for Distinction ; Next follows Definition , which is the shortest and truest exposition of the nature of any thing ; hereof you have examples of all vertues in Aristotles Morals , of passions in his Rhetorique , both in Thomas Aquinas secunda and secundae , of many affections and perturbations in Tusculan's Questions , and Cicero de Finibus , as the generall definition of vertue is this , VIRTUS EST HABITUS RATIONI CONSENTANEUS . Vertue is a quality seated in Reason . Fear is an apprehenston of future harm . Thrift is a moderate and lawfull increase of wealth by carefull governmemt of your own estate . Complement is a performance of affected Ceremonies in words , looks , and gestures . Where Definition runs into division of seven or eight ways . Of Definition you may read Valerius his Logick . But ( to be most perfectly instructed ) read the sixth book of Aristotles Top. Your definitions need be no more tied to the Rules of Logicians , then your divisions . The matter is sometimes illustrated by Periphrasis ; As , spur'd his horse apace ; Made his spurre claim hast of his horse . A man not to be contemned ; Nor a man over whom contempt might make any just chalenge . Snorting lowd ; Snorting so lowd , that no man might lay the stealing of a nap to his charge . But of Pariphrasis and Periphrasis more severally . Sometimes a Parenthesis makes your discourse more gracefull and intelligible : As , Tell me ingenuously ( if there be any ingenuity in you ) whether , &c. That what his wit could conceive ( and his wit can conceive as far as the limits of reason stretch ) was all directed to the setting forth of his friend . Till the next morning ( better known to be so by the Hour-glass , then the days clearness ) having run fortune , &c. And indeed all Parentheses are in extreams , either graces or foyles to a Speech . If they be long , they seem interruptions , and therefore at the end of them must be a retreat to the matter , called ANTANACLASIS . As , Assure thy selfe most wicked woman ( that hast so plaguily a corrupted mind , as that thou canst not keep thy sickness to thy self , but must most wickedly infect others ) Assure thy self , I say , &c. Shall that heart ( which does not only feel them , but hath all motion of his life placed in them , ) Shall that heart , I say , &c. Division is a severing the whole into parts , as of time into that past , present , and to come , ( which is rather a breathing then a Division ) into supream or subordinate . From their order ; beasts or unreasonable creatures , into those of the Air , Water , Earth ; Love is either of Beauty , or of Vertue . From the object . Study is of Liberal or Mathematick Science . And so you may divide as many ways as things may differ , as by their beginnings , endi●gs , properties , marks , effects , times , tunes , place● , forms , persons , in whom they are , and howsoever , which properly belongs to Logick ; yet something is spoken thereof , in our second way of Amplification . Out of Divisions arise three severall inforcements and manifestations of your purpose , which ( though by Rhetoritians diversly handled and tearmed ) yet are they in effect grounded upon the Art of Distribution . The first is Expedition , which ( touching upon divers parts ) destroys all , but that , on which you mean to rest ; As , One of these courses must be taken , either you must distinctly observe and practise these Rules , or deny that ever you received Instructions , or alledge want of capacity in your self , or want of use of them in your life . That they are not necessary , you cannot say , for what more necessary in your life , then to write well ? That you are uncapable , is a slander , and a contradiction to your own conscience and my experience , that hath seen such fair Essayes of your endeavours . And to say you had never any directions , were to give your two eyes the lie , and to make me believe , that I did never but dream your good . Therefore must your labour conspire with my inventions , and so must you unavoidably become skilfull . This is Enumeration and Inference , whereupon is that which the Logicians call Induction , as in reckoning up . It is neither that nor this , therefore this . And as one merrily saith , It is the Dogs Syllogisme in a cross way , or that , or that , but I smell him not this way , nor this way , therefore he runs on his conclusion the third way , without smelling . The second of this sort is PROSOPODOSIS , that overthrows no part of the Division , but returns some part to each member . In Arcadia thus , Heretofore I accused the Sea , condemned the Pyrats , and hated my evil fortune , that deprived me of thee : But now thy self art the Sea , thy self the Pyrat , and thy will the evil fortune . Time at one instant seeming short and long to them ; short in the pleasingness of such presence , and long in stay of their desires . Your silence must carry with it a construction of contempt , unkindeness or displeasure . If you take me not for your friend , you offer unkindeness ; if you deem me unworthy of an answer , it proceeds of contempt ; if your Passion defers a reply , it argues displeasure . The first of these denyed all parts , save one : This affirms and keeps all sides up . The last is Dilemma , which proposes two sides , and overthrows both ability and will to write well : for to say I cannot , is Childish ; and I will not , is Womanish . PERIPHRASIS & PARAPHRASIS . There is in the best Writers oftentimes a vain of stile , wherein vulgar fancies are exceedingly pleased , and know not wherewith . For they admire this most , that there is some excellency in it , and yet they themselves suspect that it exceeds their admiration . In some examples I would gladly discover the reason hereof : It cannot be , that if either the meaning of the words be obscure , and unfamiliar to a mans understanding , that the speech so composed , should be so accepted : And yet it is possible that there may be some extraordinary fancy in ordinary words , and plain meanings , how then shall we determine ? It is as in many usual dishes at a table , both eyes and taste give them commendation , not for the substance , but for the dressing and service . What plainer meaning then , sleep among thieves ? And verily sleep , life trust and thieves , are common English words , yet is it no common way of speaking , to say , To trust a sleeping life among thieves . In the same sense , when they had slept a while , is ordinary . But when they had a while hearkened to the perswasion of sleep , is extraordinary . Though all the words of it by themselves are most known and f●miliar ; yet the ordering and fetch of it is strange and admirable to the ignorant ; We therefore call it Periphrasis or Circumlocution , and it is much helped by Metaphors , as before : inclined to sleep is exprest by a Metaphor taken from one who moves and inclines by perswasions . But let us have one combate more with our adversary sleep ; for , having risen early , having striven with the suns earliness ; Instead of Mopsa wept ill-favouredly , Mopsa disgraced weeping with her countenance . Instead of saying ▪ they that guarded Amphialus , were killed themselves ; it s said , seeking to save him , they lost the fortresses , which nature had planted them in . Instead of Plangus speech began to be suspected ; it is said , Plangus speech began to be translated into the language of suspicion . Thus purposely did Sir Philip write , to keep his stile from flatness . As being to name a Thresher , he calls him one of Ceres servants , Instead of his name was known to high and low ; he saith , That no Prince could pretend highness , nor beggar lowness , to bar him from the sound thereof . And this is by going a CONCRETO AD ABSTRACTUM , and divers other ways . If a short ordinary sense be oddely exprest by more words , it is Pariphrasis ; but if by as many other , it is Paraphrasis : as , manifest Oathes , plentiful perjury . To make a great shew of himself . To make a muster of himself in the Island : for kill any marryed man ; make his sword cursed by any widow , which is by consequence , seeking by curtesie , to undo him . Making curtesie the outside of mischief , by Similitude or Metaphor : so then the course is , instead of any ordinary words importing a trivial matter , to take the abstracts , or some consequence , similitude , note , property or effect , and thereby express it . These two figures serve for Illustration . It is sometimes requisite for gaining life and lustre in your discourse , to represent some unexpected strangeness , besides the tenor of your Theame or Story : and , as it were , to act your meaning ; which is done either by faigning the presence or the discourse of some such persons , as either are not at all : or if they be , yet speak not but by your imagination . The first is by Apostrophe or Prosopopeia . APOSTROPHE , is a turning of your speech to some new person , as to the people or witnesses , when it was before to the ●udges or Defendant : as , Herein you witnesses are to consult with your own consciences , and to enter into a true examination of your own memory . Did you mark ●is looks ? Did you note his speeches ? Did you truly conceive the particular proceedings of the Action ? To the people thus , Now let me intreat any man here present , that thinks himself not exempted from misfortunes , and priviledged from all mischiefs , to imagine himself in my case , and to undertake for my sake some few thoughts of my Distress . Sometimes the occasion is taken from some quality or other thing , whereto your self gives shew of life ; as , Hope tell me , what hast thou to hope for ? Love , be ashamed to be called Love. But to animate , and make dead men speak is PROSOPOPAEIA ; as , If your Ancestors were now alive , and saw you defacing so goodly a Monument by them erected , would they not say thus , &c. And as Sir Philip Sidney gives sense and speech to the Needle and Silk in Pamela's hands , as learning , as a Lily : as death it self is faigned to live , and make a speech . Another way of clearing and reviving your discourse , is by deliberating , by entring into communication , by preventing and answering Objections . In deliberating sometimes you are amazed ; as , Whom shall I blame ? what shall I pretend ? shall I make learning hateful to you by my reprehensions ? shall I make my silence accessary to your idleness ? It is not in my power , It is not in my discretion to reform it . Under this figure are Philoclea's wishes of Zelmaine . There is another kinde of Deliberation , which proposes many things with intricating or intangling a mans self : as Nothing can assure me of the countenance of your love towards me , if you discontinue the study of speaking well . For suppose you marry into some worthy Family ; suppose they inrich you with some new friends ; may not a vain of thriving rob me of your acquaintance ? may not I lose you ? nay , may not you lose your self in a labyrinth of worldly cares ? Sometimes we enter into Communication ; as , Were it your case , what would you answer ? Tell me , I appeal to your secret thoughts . Your friend hath esteemed better of his own stomack , then of the eternal love vowed betwixt you , and prefers the tryal of his valour , before the regard of both your credits , which must dye , however either or both of you survive the combat . Would you not judge him unworthy to be your friend , that began his fidelity with an inviolable Covenant never to be an Enemy . Prevention of an Objection hath two figures ; the one is Occupatio , the other Subjectio . Occupatio is thus , You will say to me , that in a factious Countrey , it is the only policy to stand neutral . I say , not unless many circumstances help you ; viz. These , if none of your friends be entred into the quarrel , If you be assured that your wealth and discretion is equal to the best . If there be a likelihood to scatter the reliance on both sides , and make a new park , then it is wisdom to stand aloof a while , that if you please , you may adde the victory to which side you will. But having declared your self , you intend to be upright ? you will grow contemptible , you offer Reconciliation ? your strength will forsake you , you dispraise your adversaries ? you will be deemed envious . You commend his wisdom ? you betray your own weakness : praise then his wealth , his Ancestors , his Beauty , his pleasures ; but praise not his foresight nor his valour . Are you Judge amongst your neighbors and inferiors ? be precisely just and rightful . Are you Assistant to your friend ? be advisedly and throughly partial . You would be counted liberal ? testifie it seldom ; but if publiquely , worthyly . You would thrive in bargaining ? let your transactions be private : for many small breaches of conscience are more infamous , then one great one . But ●ffend not your conscience willingly to be Treasurer of all the Indian Mynes . Thu● you see how Counsels , Precepts and Sentences may be tra●slated into the form of Occupatio and Subjectio . Sometimes Occupatio is left out , and an Argument brought to the contrary ; as Cecropia perswading her son Amphialus to offer violence to Philoclea , presupposed that he would say , He must be modest : she replyes , Each vertue hath his time , the souldier that should march formost , must not give way for modesty . There is Occupatio and Subjectio in Arcadia , if she contemned , then thus — if otherwise , then &c. Did I walk abroad to see my delight ? my walking was the delight it self . He saw her alive ; he was glad to see her alive . He saw her weep : he was sorry to see her wee● . He heard her comfortable speeches : nothing more joyful . This figure cannot be out of season , unless purposely , as it was in the fustian speech : You listen to my speeches , I must needs confess it ; you hearken to my words ? I cannot deny it ; you look for some sense ? I partly believe it : But you finde none ? I do not much regard it . There is another figure , which hath been called by the name of Concessio . But I mean to mistake Occupatio and Concessio , one for the other , till I can distinguish them better . The form of Concessio is this , I admit you are resolute : I grant your determination is immoveable , but it is in things against your friends judgements . And in things against your own praise and profit . OF EPITHETES . EPithetes do much embelish Stile or Discourse , yet they must be used ( according to the comparison of Demosthenes ) as sauce or seasoning , which whe●s the appetite , since they cannot pass for solid viands : otherwise in his opinion , there can be nothing more flat , and of less grace . Quintilian resembles a discourse , which is stuffed too full of Epithetes to an Army , wherein there are not more souldiers for service , then boys for attendance ; and which is , by that means , rendred very great in number , but weak in force and courage . Conform to this is that of Longinus , who advises that we moderately use such Epithetes , as are not too high swoln , nor far fetched , but such as are apposite to the subject . In these late● refined days , we have a kinde of compound Epithetes , annexed to a noun with a Proche or Division ( as the Printers call it ) which are much used in Poetry , and sometimes in Prose : of which let me give you some examples , and so leave them . The Quiver-bearing Meads . The Tempest-tossed seas . The Wool-ore-burthened sheep . The Meadow-loving sorrel . A horror-strucken minde . The Earth-encircling Ocean . An Heaven inspired art . Sence-distracting grief . Fancy-pleasing faces . The Pine-plow'd sea . The Green-mantled earth . Soul-subduing graces . A Heaven-faln star . A Self-condemning minde . An un-Sun-seen cave . Love-distilling tears . This Heaven-displeasing war. Liver-scalding lust . Marble-hearted cruelty . Time-beguiling pleasure . This Blood-be-dabled Kingdom . People-pleasing Lectures . Corner-haunting lust . A Life-Conferring form . &c. Formulae Majores . OR , COMMON PLACES . Absence . AS thou art the food of my thoughts , the relief of my wishes , and the onely life and repast of all my desires : So is thy love to me a continual hunger , and thine absence an extream famine . In absence my grief grows , in finding my present estate so weak in fortune , and my des●rts so slender in nature ; that not knowing w●th Anthony how to requite his Cleopatra , I onely rest with Anthony ▪ to dye for my Cleopatra . Tell him my love doth burn like vesta● fire , which ( with his memory , richer then all ●pices ) disperseth odours round about my foul , and did re●ress it , when 't was dull and sad with thinking of his absence . He more breath●d A.B. then the ayr it self ; and all her absences were to him so many deaths . I want no part of welfare , but your wished presence . The love which he bare to her at her return was as a torrent , ( which a●te● it hath a long time been restrained ) breaks the forced damm● , and with vigorous impetuousness drowns the fields . Holy Court. Hoping , forgetfulness ( which commonly waits upon absence ) might possess him , he departed . Since your absence , melancholy hath been my Concom●tant , and you● , remembrance my greatest comfort . I departed from you , like a hungry infant , pull'd from his nurses breast , or a thirsty Hart chased from a sweet fountain . Live I pray you in repose , as much as you may , during this absence ; and if my being away causes sorrow in you , let the assurance of my affection diminish it . — forced a tedious separation of those sacred bodies , whose souls are entirely link'd in divine affection . Acknowledgement . MY acknowledgement of your favours shall appear in my willingness to do you serv●ce And my self shall not onely acknowledge this favour with humb●est thankfulness , but &c. The acknowledgement of your favours shall be my meanest thanks ; and to thank you for those favours must be my best acknowledgement : I can do no more , I will do no less . They acknowledge ( with more or less degrees of homage ) some kinde of fealty . — It sh●ll not be without a just confession of the bond your benefits have , and ever shall hold upon me . Affection . THe construction of his Speech might best be made by the Grammer-Rules of affection . It is the flaming Agony of affection that works the chilling access of your fever . The coals of his affection were so kindled with wonder , and blown with delight , that — Suffering neither his unworthyness nor his wrongs to cover with forgetfulness , or diminish with consideration , the affection she had born him . — to whom with words ( which affection endited but amazement uttered ) he delivered — ( Looking down upon her from the high-top of affections Tower. ) If you retain as yet any spark of affection ( which you have often given me witness of ) kiss this paper in remembrance of him , who , &c. My affections no less love the light and witness , then they have conscience of your vertue . The high tide of overflowing affection restraining his tongue with astonishment , as unable to express an unexpressable passion . The blood of her face ebbing and flowing according to the tyde of affection . He grafted his affection in the stock of her constan●y . ( Testimo●ies of a never-silent hearty affection . ) But perceiving his affection so grounded , that striving against it , did more anger then heal the wound , and rather call his friendship in question , then give place to any friendly Counsel . — The large testimony of your affection makes me willin● to suppresse a great number of errours . She in an instant was made an unfortunate winter of affection . To intrinsecate my self in your affection . My affection shall finde no parallel in its well-wishes to you . The tender tinder of his affection began to sparkle . Striving to match her matchless beauty , with a ma●chless affection . He ( wh●se affection clymed by another stair ) — In ●rue affection , two so become one , as they both become two . Rel. Med. — You , in whom my affection holds a steady mansion . Nor life , nor death shall divorce my affection from you . Upon what bryars the roses of his affection grow . I conjure you to this by my aff●ction , that never had equal . Ar. The sight of this place doth call my thoughts to appear at the Court of affection , held by that 〈◊〉 Steward Remembrance . Th●se lines ●epresent in the poverty of fancy , the riches of my aff●ction . — Good offices are the marks and ciment of true affection . H.C. — The heart is the Continent of affection . Affection flows uncompelled . Anger . ANger is the feaver of the Soul , which makes the tongue talk idle : it puts a man into a tumult , that he cannot hear what counsel speaks : t is a raging sea , a troubled wa●er , that cannot be wholsom for the use of a●y . Feltham , — They are things below the merit of my indignation ; objects of scorn , which a little slighted , and not inflamed by opposition , or countenanced to a reply by confutation , will , within a whil● of themselves extinguish and vanish : like s●me dispersed roving winds , which without enc●unter are dispirited and dye . Doctor Wats upon Bacon . Beauty . THen was plainly to be seen the Empire , which humane beauty and an eloquent tongue have over earthly powers . Beauty consists in complexion , in lineaments , and in harmony . You are the most excellent star that shines in the bright element of Beauty . Some became Petitioners and Prisoners to her Beauty , others did homage to her vertues . Beauty is to be reckoned , but as an outward fading benefit , that nature hath bestowed . The Idol of beauty ought not to be honored with such oblations . My eyes drank much more eagerly of her beauty , then my mouth did of any other liquor . Her face is such a spark of beauty , as is able to en●●ame a world of love . — She , who in a definite compass , can set forth infinite beauty . The excellency of her returned beauty , was a credible embassador of her health . Where beauty is , there needs no other plea. S●ll not your soul for such a vanity as eye-pleasi●g beauty Vertue is nothing else but inward beauty ; and beauty nothing else but an outward vertue . Bacon . Making her beautiful beams to thaw away the former icyness of his — — Two sisters , about whom , as about two Poles , the sky of Beauty was turned . Rather then those eyes should over-flow their own beauties , or the sky of your beauty should be over clouded with sorrow , — Beauty in the heaven of her face ( two Suns eclipsed ) was wrapped up in paleness . Beauty which hath no grace , is a bait floating on the water without a hook , to be taken , and to catch nothing . Eustatius . Beauty is like the herb Larix , cool in the water , but hot in the stomack . I cannot but applaud the wonder of your beauty . Such is the divine power of loves deity , such the vertuous force of your heavenly beauty , and such the happy issue of our decreed destiny . Beauty without chastity , is like a Mandrake apple , comely in sh●w , but poysonful in taste ▪ I must accuse my self of presumption , for daring to consider any moles in that face , which you had marked for a beauty . Sir K.D. — A beauty , which always with too eloquent a tongue did dictate tacite perswasions to his heart ▪ What a fair vestment is to a deformed body , the same is a comely body to a deformed minde . Bacon . A fair soul in a fair body , is a river that windingly creepeth with many wavy-turnings within the ennamel of a beautiful meadow , and ravisheth the whole world with the admiration of its exc●llency . B●auty in it self is such a silent Orator , as ever i● pl●●ding for respect and liking : and by the eye● of others ▪ is ever sending to their hearts for love . Feltham . The modest sweetness of a lilied ●ace — Beauty is the wit of nature put into the frontispiece . I have seen ( and yet not with a partial eye ) such features , and such mixtures , as I have thought impossible for either nature to frame , or art to counterfeit : yet in the same face , I have se●n that which hath our gone them both , the countenance . Oh! if such glory can dwell with corruption , what Celestial excellencies are in the Saints above ? who would not gaze himself into admiration , when he shall see so rich a treasure in so pure a Cabinet , unmatched vertue in matchless beauty ? Feltham . Zeno said , grace of body was a voyce of flower , and a fl●wer of voyce : Voyce of flower , because it drawes amity to it , as the flower of a garden , not crying out nor tormen●ing it self ; a flower of voyce , because it is one of the most flowry elo●encies among the attractives of nature . What is temporal beauty , but a transitory charm , an illusion of senses , a voluntary imposture , a slave of pleasure , a flower which hath but a moment of life , a Diall on which we never look , but whilst the Sun shines on it ? What is human● beauty but a dunghill covered with snow , a glass painted with fals● col●urs , a prey pu●sued by many Dogs , a dange●ous h●stess in a ●rail house , a sugred fruit in a feast , which some dare not touch for respect ▪ & ●ther● gormandize through sensuality ? Go ●rust so a ●ing a good Go , b●take you to so ●nhappy a s●are : G● , tie your contentments to ●o sl●ppery a knot . What else will happen unto you , bu● to court a phantasie which loos●ing your hold , will leave you nothing but the sorrow of your illusions ? H. Court. Blush . AS she s●ake that word , her cheekes in ●ed Letters writ more then her tongue did speak . As the wonder strove to make her pale , warm love did fortifie her cheeks wi●h guilty blushes . — At whose presence a fr●sh vermilion dye bestowed a new complexion on her . Company . HIs pleasing company did beguile the times haste , and shortned the waies length . Why will you give me with so sparing a hand , the riches of your presence ? Constancy . She — whose constancy neither time nor absence , ( the mothes of affection ) nor , what is more , this my change in fortune , could alter . — He , who signed his faith with the seal of his constancy . Be but thou as constant a friend to my mind , as thou shalt be a true possessor of my heart , and I shall have as just a cause of joy , as thou no cause of doubt . Though the surging sea hath moved the humors of my body , yet it hath not power to change the inclinations of my mind ; for I love you no less at Antwerpe ( where I am arrived ) then I did at London , &c. He continued always constant , like the Needle of a Sea-compass in a storm . Constancy is the foundation of vertue . Bac. Fortune is lik Proteus ; if you persist , she returns to her true shape . Bacon . Comparisons . THis comfort in danger was but like the honey that Sampson found in the Lions jaws , or like lightning in a foggy night . R●solved he was not to touch the forbidden fruit , nor to drink on Circes cup ; he would not with the Spider suck poyson out of a fair flower In the greenest grasse is the greatest Serpent : ●n the clearest water the ugliest Toad ; In the most curious Sepulcher are inclosed rotten bones : The O●●●ich carrieth fair feathers , but rank flesh . As there hath been an unchast Helen in Greece ; so there hath been also a chast Penelope ; As there hath been a prodigious Pasiphae : so has there been a godly Theocrita . Hipp●manes ceased to run when she had gotten the Goal : Hercules to labour when he had obtained the victory : Mercury to pipe when he had cast Argus in a slumber : Every action hath his end . Each book sent into the world , is like a Bark put to sea , and as liable to censures , as the Bark is to ●oul weather . Herbert . Like the Citie Mindus , whose Gates were so big , that the City might go out of them . — Which like the flaming two edged waving sword of the Cherub cuts asunder on all sides , whatsoever does oppose it . Cressy . Li●e the stone that groweth in the River of Curia , which the more it is cut , the more it increaseth . There is no iron but will be softned with the fire ; So no , &c. — As a fair flower nipt with the morning frost ' hanging down his head , as much sorry for his declining glory . — When the Halcions hatch , the Sea is calm ; and the Phoenix never spreads her wings , but when the Sun shines on her nest : So — Like the Spaniel which gnaws upon the chain that ties him ; but sooner marres his teeth , then procures liberty . — Consider that the heavenly Sun disdains not to give light and shine upon the smallest worm . — In this 't is so evident that I will not light the Sun with a rush candle . He commends unto us a golden chain of Christian perfections , consisting of these links , Faith , Vertue , Patience , &c. We can expect but Polyphemus courtesie , to be last devoured . Romes Capitoll was not built in one day ; nor was Zeuxis Helena suddenly limn'd forth with one pensill . They have long sported in the bloud and treasure of the land , as the Leviathan doth in the Waters . His mind was all this while so fixed upon another devotion , that he no more marked his friends discourse , then the child that hath leave to play , marks the last part of his lesson , or the diligent Pilot in a tempest attends the unskilful words of a Passenger . She trembled like the unlickt lamb newly yean'd upon a sheet of s●ow . My expression is but like a picture drawn with a cole , wanting those lively colours which a more skilfull pen might give it . It is the Decree of Heaven , That every Composition here beneath , as well fram'd by the hand of Art , as fashioned by the help of Nature , should sustain some imperfection ; for glasse hath its lead , gold its drosse , corn its chaff . Helen her mole , the moon her spots , and the Sun its shade . Spa. Bawd. ( Like the Sun that illuminates the whole aire , ( if no cloud or solid opacous body intervene ) S. K.D. — Did make no more impressions on him , then . an Arrow on a rock of Adamant . — More impure then the stable of Augaeus . H. C As pensive as the night . — You , as cruell as the Duke of Muscovia , named Basilides , who commanded from his subjects a tribute of Sweat and of Nightingals in the midst of Winter . H Court. If thou be as hot as the mount Aetna , feign thy self as cold as the hill Caucasus : carry two faces in one hood . As ingenious Cicero could pick gold out of Ennius's dung ; so may — His Fetters ( like King Agrippa's golden chain ) more became him then his Imperiall D●adem . Ka meka thee ▪ As liberall as the Sun which shines on all . like Aesops Crow prankt up in borrowed feathers . Descriptions . — HE was even ravished with contentment , in beholding th●se goodly P●●aces , where was seen an admirable Consort of Art and Nature , so many H●lls , so well furnished within ; such rich hangings , such most exquisite pict●●es , such marbles , such guildings , and without mountains , which make a naturall Theater , tapistred without Art to surpasse all workmanship , forrests , which seem born with the world , hedges and knots curiously cut , Alleys and Mazes , where both eys and feet are lost , Rivers which creep along with silver purlings about gardens enameld with most fragrant flowers , caverns replenished with a sacred horror , grotts and fountains , which gently gliding , contend with the warble of birds , and so many other spectacles , which at first sight astonisht spirits and never satiate . H.C. — There were Hills which garnished their proud heights with tree●s , humble valleys , whose low estate seemed comforted with refreshing of silver rivers , meadows e●ameld with all sorts of eye-pleasing flowers , thickets , which being lined with most pleasant shade , were witnessed so too , by the cheerfull disposition of many well-tuned birds , each pasture stored w●th sheep , feeding with sober security , while the pretty lambs , with bleating oratory , craved the dams comfort ; Here a Shepheards Boy piping , as though he should never be old , there a young She●●●●rdesse knitting , and withall singing , and her hands kept time to her voyces musick , a shew as it were of an accompaniable solitariness , and of a civill wildeness . — Neither are the gardens to be omitted , which for their largeness have the face of a forrest , for their variety , of a Paradise ; Here Cypres Groves , there walks with Statues ; Here a Sea of fountains , there Swans , Ostri●hes , and other recreative creatures . Mer. Ital. — It is a place which now humbling it self in fallowed plains , ●ow prou● in wel-husbanded hils , marries barren woods to cultivated valleys , and joyns neat gardens to delicious fountains , &c. Death . DEath is that inconsiderable atome of time that divides the body from the soul , &c. Scaliger defines Death to be the Cessation of the souls functions . When Hadrian asked Secundus what Death was , he answered in these severall truths ; It is a sleep eternall , the bodies dissolution , the rich mans fear , the poor mans wish , an event inevitable , an uncertain journey , a thief that steals away man , sleeps father , lifes flight , the departure of the living , and the resolution of all . Feltham . Death had no sooner absented him from her eyes but forgetfulness drew him out of her heart . When we once come in sight of the port of Death , to which all winds drive us ; and when by letting fall that fatall Anchor , which can never be weighed again , the Navigation of this life takes end : Then it is , I say , that our own cogitations ( those sad and severe cogitations formerly beaten from us by our health and felicity ) return again and pay us to the uttermost for all the pleasing passages of our lives past . Sir Wa. Rawl . Death deprived me of my paradized bliss , and not onely made my broken heart the sad habitation of woe , but also turned my mind ( which before was a kingdom to me ) into a hell of tormenting thoughts . Torches made of Aromatique wood , cast out their odoriferous exhalations when they are almost wasted : So the vertuous A. made all the good odors of her life evaporate in the last instant of her death Tha● he is dead , — As if she now scorn'd life , Death lends her cheeks his paleness , and her eyes tell down their drops of silver to the earth , wishing her tears might rain upon his grave , to make the gentle earth produce some flower should bear his name and memory . — She ( prostrated on the body of her Lover ) sought in his eclipsed eyes and dead lips , the remnant of her life . I shall not be unwilling to suffer a goal-delivery of my soul from the prison of my body , when I am called to it . — Delivered up to the immortality of another world . This deadly sha●t passing through him , so wounded me , that I my self was arrived within few paces of the land of darkness . In his silent marble , the best part of that small portion of joy I had in the world ▪ but all my hopes are entombed . Wats in Baa . Preface . ( Drawing neere to the confines of Deaths kingdom ▪ ) Death●rees ●rees a man from misery , and wafts him to the haven of his happiness . Her. As soon as Death hath played the Midwife to our second birth , our soul shall then see all truths more freely ▪ then our corporall eys at our first birth see all bodies and colours . Sir K.D. Desire . IF you desire that I make you a picture of the nature and perquisites of Desire , I wil tell you , It is a strange Countrey , whereunto the prodigall Child sailed , when he forsook his Fathers house to undertake a banishment : a Countrey where Corn is still in Grass ; Vines in the Bud ; Trees perpetually in Blossome , and Birds always in the Shell ; You neither see Corn , Fruit , nor any thing fully shaped , all is there onely in expectation : It is a Countrey full of Figures , Phantosmes , Illusions and hopes , which are dreams without sleep . A Countrey where the Inhabitants are never without Fevers , one is no sooner gone , but another comes into its place . There dwells Covetousness , a great woman , meager , lean , starven , having round about her , a huge swarm of winged boys , of which some are altogether languishing , others cast her a thousand smiles , as she passeth along ; upon herself she hath an infinite number of Horse-leeches , which suck upon her to the marrow . Time looks on her a far off , and never comes neer her , shewing her an inchanted Looking-glass , wherein she sees a thousand and a thousand false colours , which amuse her , and when she hath sported enough , she hath nothing to dinner but smoke . Holy Court. Albeit you can no ways quench the coals of Desire with forgetfulness , yet rake them up in the ashes of modesty . As Pharaoh longed to know his dream : so desired he to — Desire ( the nurse of perseverance ) gave him wings to make the more speed . Thus wishing my deserts still suitable to my desires , and my desires ever pleasing to your deserts . — More ready in desire , then able in power to serve you . — Then which nothing could shoot righter at the mark of my desires . — And wish you , as full of good Fortune , as I am of desire . She ●●a●d not 〈…〉 desires . Desire is a wind , that against the tide can carry us m●rrily ; with it , make us flie . Feltham . Desire so blew the fire of his new conceived rage , that — Desert . HOw much my sm●ll deserts are overballanced by your unspeakable goodn●ss ? — You , whose desert pass●th my best endeavours of requi●all . — I● flies to the sacred Al●ar of your immutable goodness , set off with all the additions of greatness which nature or affection can throw upon unmatched desert . — Thi● is the hard fate my just merit hath encountred . — It is a matter so far above my merits , that I 〈◊〉 not think upon i● without presumption . Despair ▪ THe fire of mine affection was blown by the bellows of despair . Despair of success was the hearse of his supposed idle thoughts . Love wanting desire , makes the mind desperate , and fixed fancy ●er●ft of love , turnes into fury . My Lords ! I speak to minds too Noble to be stifled in the narrow con●in●s of fear : follow your Prince , whose vertue the spight of Fortune , shall not wrack into despair . Whilst I wear a hand , commanded by a heart , that knows no fear , I shall not despair of — Displeasure . Y●u● displeasure is so contrary to my des●●t , and your w●rds so ●ar beyond all expectations , that I have least abili●y , now I have m●st need , to speak in the cause upon which my life depends . What hath your poor servant deserved to have his own misfortune loade● with your displeasure ? Eloquence . ELoquence is a way of speech prevailing over th●se whom we design it prevail ; That is , if we will take it in the short or Laconick way , a distilling our notions into a quintessence , or forming all our thoughts in a Cone and smiting with the point , &c. Mr. Hall in his Epistle before Longinus . — A man , who ( filling the sails of Eloquence ) as easily moved his auditors , as winds do the sands of Lybia , which stir at their pleasure . His Speech appeared in costly robes , adorned with lofty and glorious language , sweetned by many a pleasant and clear Simile , quickned by divers acute and learned Criticismes ; My Cabinet enshrineth no such treasure . Though I have not eloquence enough to win , yet I hope to find language enough to perswade . He was dazled with ●he brightness of her aspect ; bu● when she b●gan to unloose her tongue , never was Syren so attractive with songs , as she with words . — 'T is a speech wherein the abundance of supereminent conceits choakes not the grace , nor doth curiosity take any thing from the propriety there●f . — Your maner of speech is indeed Prin●●-like , flowing a● fr●m a fountain , and yet streaming and branching it sel● into Natures order , full of facility and felicity , imitating none , and inimitable of any Bacon . Your conceptions are inimitable , your language sweet and polite , your Sentences are ful of weight , your Arguments of force , and your Words glide along like a River , and ever bear in them some slashes of lightning — How greedily my ears did feed upon the sweet words she uttered . Were not your affection stronger tied to the Orator then the Oratory , I should not hope to perswade you that — Her. — He , with a fearless fashion , thus bespake the audience . — Every accent falls like a fresh jewell to increase her value . — His masculine eloquence was thought worthiest to enjoy the maidenhead of the Cities attention . — — Forcibly won by the smooth artifice of speech — It is no small dominion the imagination hath in perswasions , insinuated by the power of Eloquence . Bac. You have truly found out the Philosophers st●ne ; for every gross matter you can convert into the gold of fine language Eloqu●nce does commonly storm the mind of the Auditor , and at length take him in . Entertainment . I want expression to give you the circumstance ●it● what a ●owing l●ve , or rather with what 〈◊〉 de●o●ion , I entertain you . G●at . Ser. — Y●u much hon●r me ; for ●ill this white 〈◊〉 th●se walls were never proud to enclose a ●●●st , ●he G●nius of my house is , by s● gr●at a pre●●●●e wak●d ▪ and glories to entertain you . Could this roof ●e capable of ill , your only pre●●nce ( Lady ) would convert it ▪ There is a vertuous magick in y●ur eye , for wheresoe're it casts a beam , it does crea●es a g●odness . I am much confound●d for this honor you do me , Madam , but yet I am more ashamed ●o see you in a place , where vertue never entred but in your attndance . Ariana . Y'●re each of you a various banquet , where a breathing sweetness feasts the sp●ctators , and diverts all thought of ea●ing to beholding , and from beholding to enjoying . Am. War. Your presence is restorative . Friendship . AS Passion hath been well said to be Friendship run mad ; So Friendship may be properly stiled Sober passion , as having all the spirit and cordiality of the wine of Love , without the offensive fumes and vapours of it . Mr. Montagu in his Misce●lenea The love of men to women is a thing common , and of cou●se ; but the friendship of man to man is infinite and immortall . Plato . The words of a friend joyned with true affection , give life to the heart , and comfort to a care-oppressed mind . Chylo . The mutual habitude of no intermiting-friendship between us , hath strongly confirmed — ( Receiving so dear witnesses of your friendship ) The resemblance of their beauties and of their wits , joyned their souls together , and soon after , that of their fortunes made this friendship perfect . Ar. ( which your friendship rather finds , then I acknowledg● ) Hence gr●ws the height of friendship , when two similiary souls shal blend in their commixions . Feltham . As nothing unites more then a reciprocall exchange of affection : So there is nothing hinders the knot of friendship more then then apparent neglect of courtesies . Feltham . Friendship a diligen● Officer , takes care to see the bonds thereof fully executed . Frindship i● the soul of humane society . F●iendship is a pleasant sauce to any temporall happiness . Bacon . The worst solitude is be destitute of sincere friendship . Gift . TRuly ( Sir ) I doubt whether is greater the poverty of the Gift , or the boldness of the giver , who●e true respects have encouraged him to this small expression of service . I beseech you to excuse me , that this Present is not corr●spondent to your merit . Please to respect the enlarged heart of the giver , more then the quality of the gift ; Since the meanness of this , can onely serve to express the well-meaning of the other . Hypocrisie . DO not we know that Hypocrisie is the same the same thing to vertue , which painting is to Faces , and that it is the very moath which devours sanctity . What doth not a plaistered sanctity for the subversion of the simple ? What doth not a bad servant when once he possesseth the easie nature of his Master ? Inconstancy . INconstancy is properly a levity and an irresolution of mind , which shewes it self in his manners , actions and words , who is touched with it . To say truth , this passion is a Divell that inhabits in a land of Quicksilver , where Earthquakes are al●ost perpetuall , windes blow on each side , and blowing , make many weather-cocks turn to & fro and every moment change posture . In this place a● admirable creature is to be seen , who is not what she is , and is that she is not , so many faces and figures she hath : She likewise is still upon transformations , and seems to do nothing at all , but to make and unmake herself . One while she is great , another while little ; one while gross , another while sl●nder ; one while affable , anoth●r while harsh ; one while serious , another while gamesome , but ever slippery ; and if you lay hold of her , you catch nothing . She goes forth of her lodging to appear in publique , as if she came into a Theater , cloathed one while in changeable Taffata , another while with different pieces , set together out of a singular fantastick addleness of wit. She alone represents all personages , talkes with all kind of voices , and in all manner of languages , &c. H. Court. Hast . ( BEing born away with the hasty Tide of smallest leasure ▪ ) — Going with a pace not so much too fast for her body , as slow for her mind . With such hast ( as if her ears hunted for words ) desired to know . — Hope . HOpe is the gate of a great Palace replenished with riches . It is in my opinion the place which Tertullian termes , The Porteress of Nature . It hath two arms , with which it endeavours to pursue and embrac● objects , whereof the one is called Desire , and ●he the other Belief to be able to obtain what one desireth , &c. H. Court. The Babylon of worldly hopes shews it self in the beginning , as a miracle ; but if we proceed further , we find those desires , that were as pleasing as the dawning of the day ( which at its first springing ●appeares all over studded with Emeralds and Rubies ) turn at last , and are changed into the horrors of a sad tempest . Humane life hath not a surer friend , nor many times a greater enemy , then Hope . 'T is the miserable mans God , which in the had●st gripe of calamity , never fails to yeeld him beams of c●mf●●t . It is the presumpt●●us mans Divell , which leads him a while in a smo●th way , & then makes him break his neck o● the sudden . Hope is to man as a bladder to a learning swimmer , &c. Feltham — The sight wherof made Hope ( the Harbinger of happiness ) to breath in her this pleasing c●mfort . Sweet , I see is the hope that springs in the bud , but most s●rrowfull I find is the hap that decays in the blossome . Our teeming hopes will ever be delivered of a gracious birth . — She whose weaker Bow●ls were streight full with the least liquor of hope . Hope is but the dream of a man awake . You have blasted the harvest of my hopes . Jealousie . IEalousie is a disease of the mind , proceeding from a fear which a man hath , that that thing is communicated to another , which he would not have common , but privat to himself : it is also bred of that love which will not suffer a partner in the thing beloved . Thereupon a furious jealousie , as if it had been breath'd from hell , began to lay hold on this gentle spirit , all the objects of what was past returned to thicken this black-vapour , to frame a cloud thereof , and resolve it into a storm . H.C. What is it that you should thus conceal from me ? Be my ears unworthy , or my tongue suspected ? Love , as it is Divine with loyalty : so is it Hell , with jealousie . There can be no greater Tyranny then jealousie whereby a man continually murthers himselfe living . All his actions began to be translated into the language of suspition . Jealousie is a Gin that we set to catch Serpents , which , as soon as we have caught them , sting us . Feltham . Jealousie is the Canker of Wedlock . Jealousie continually studies the Anatomy of hearts , and shews great severity to the least defective part . Montagu . He is as jealous as a Turky . Ingratitude . INgratitude chalenges revenge by Custome , and is a vice most hatefull before God and Man. Ingratitude deserves , that all the elements with their best forces , should conspire in its avengement . An unthankfull man is compared to a vessell ul of holes . Joy. JOy triumpht in his eys ▪ and comfort lodg'd in his heart , and in this haven of happiness he would have swimmed still , but that — Joyes had their fresh supplies , as if some golden dream had imparadised their thoughts with some glorious vision . — Lifted up from a Hell of grief to a Heaven of joy . Through how many restless nights , and less restless thoughts do we ●ncounter these sweet-bitter joys : And as the more we grasp the water into our hands , the loss we hold : So is content the farther from us , the more we seek it in these fading glories of the world ; which , like an Ignis Fatuus , first light us through wilde untrodden pathes unto th●●selves , then through vast aeiry thoughts they lead u● up to that precipice , from whence we fall , and th●●e they leave us . Her. — This Charm reduc'd his passion to that contentment , brought his hopes to that height , and plac'd his soul in a heaven of such divine pleasures , that he was even ready to expire in this pleasing Extasie . O what a source of joy did then overflow her breast , that treasury of chast delights ! The Sun ne're met the Summer with more joy . Letters . LEtters are the very thoughts of the heart , but once removed , where all the scapes of nature or breeding are most like to harbor . Rey. of Cab. These Paper presents are but weak reflections of stronger affections , yet being the best sacrifice of a friend , they deserve the higher place in your esteem . Letters are the sweet communication of fancy , which have been always esteemed the best fuel of affection , and the very marrow of friendship . Absence entertained by Letters full of confidence , is not always without its profit ; for the foul by the memory tasteth what it hath taken in by the understanding , and gives it self more leasure to recogitate its pleasure , which is not so well perceived , when presence drencheth the minde in a deluge of contentments , and gives it not leasure to bethink it self . H.C. If I write a Letter , I imagine Love gives me the pen , that I dip it in my tears , that the paper is all over filled with flowers of affection , and that I send my thoughts and sighes , as courtiers , to seek out the well beloved of my heart . H.C. You have prostituted my chast and holy Letters , to the base adulteries of all common eyes . Words are the images of cogitations : Letters are the images of words . I will not load your ears with those frivolous impertinencies , which would swell this Letter beyond your patience . An amorous Letter to a youthful heart , is a learned inchantment . The hooks of such Characters are artificial pick-lock-tools , to open the secret b●lt of a heart . To see a leaf written , is like seeing an Army in the field ; every line is a file of men Words give battel to the minde , and overcome it : For there is no force more powerfull , then that of words , to batter a minde . Stratonica . Loquacity . LOquacity is the Fistula of the minde , ever running , and almost incurable . A talkative fellow is the unbrac'd drum , which beats a wise man out of his wits . Love. LOve ( in the interpretation of the envious ) is sof●ness ; in the wicked , good men suspect it for lust ; and in the good , some spiritual men have given it the name o● Charity : And these are but terms to this , which seems a more considerate def●nition , That indefinite Love is Lust : and Lust when it is determin●d to one , is Love. This definition ●oo , does but intrude it self on what I was about to say , which is ( and spoken with soberness , though like a Lay-man ) that Love is the most acceptable imposition of nature , the cause and preservation of life , and the very healthfulness of the minde , as well as of the body : But Lust ( our raging feaver ) is more dangerous in Cities , then the Calenture in ships . Sir William Davenant in his Preface to Gondibert , Love ( in the most obnoxious interpretation ) is natures preparative to her greatest works , which is the making of life . ibid. Love in humane nature is both the source and center of all passion● ; for not only hope , f●ar and joy , but even anger and hatred rise first out of the spring of love . Mr. Montagu . To be in love , is the most intensive appropria●ion of all the powers of our minde to one design . ibid. Sensual love is the most fatal plague among all passions . It is not a simple malady , but one composed of all the evils in the world ; it hath the shiverings and heats of Feavers , the ach and prickings of the Meagrum , the rage of Teeth , the stupe●action of the Vir●●go , the furies of Frenzie , the black vapors of the Hypocondry , the disturbances of the Waking , the stupidities of the Lethargy , the fits of the Falling-sickness , the faintness of the Tysick , the heavings of the passions of the heart , the pangs of the Colick , the infections of the Leprosie , the venom of Vlcers , the malignity of the Plague , the putrifaction of the Gangrene , and all , which is ho●rible in nature . Holy Court. Love ! Care is thy Court , Tyranny thy Raign , Slaves thy Subjects , Folly thy Attendance , Lust thy Law , Sin thy Service , and Repentance thy Wages . Fear breedeth Wit , Anger is the cradle of courage , Joy opens and enables the Heart , Sorrow weakneth it ; but love is engendred betwixt lust and idleness , his companions are unquietness , longings , fond comforts , faint discomforts , hopes , j●alousies , ungrounded rages , causeless yieldings ; the highest end it aspires to , is a little pleasure , with much pain before , and great repentance after . At that time the flames of his chast love , began to burn more forcible then ever . He loved her with a love , mingled with respect of merit and compassion of her persecuted innocency . To love is natural : not to love is monstrous . H.C. Such was the unresistable force of his unlimitable affection , that in spite of reason , he was enforced to do homage unto passion . Her love was a rich rock of defence against all Syrene songs . — It received such an impression of that wonderful passion , which to be defined is impossible , because no words reach to express the strange effects of it , they only know it , who inwardly feel it , it is called Love. He besought him not to make account of his speech , which if it had been over passionate , yet was it to be born withal , because it proceeded out of an affection much more vehement . Humanity enjoyns you to love me , seeing I hold my life an easie sacrifice to enjoy you , It is no pilgrimage to travel to your lips . Worldly loves are the true Gardens of Adonis , where w● can gather nothing but trivial flowers , surrounded with many bryars . Christian Diary . A silent expression gives the pregnant'st testimony of a deep grounded affection , where every look darts forth love . Nothing shall have power to alien my love from you . Let me draw from your look one blush of love , or line of fancy . Let me become an abject in the eyes of fame , an object o● contempt to the world , if my faithful devotion and observance supply not all my defects . I am he , who either you have great cause to love or no cause to hate . She loved him as the pledge-bearer of her heart . You — towards whom I know not whether my love or admiration be greater . Your affection hath got a Lordship in my thoughts . Love to a yielding heart is a King , but to a resisting , is a Tyrant . ( Sealing up all thoughts of love , under the image of her memory . ) The extream bent of my affection compells me to — Love in the heart is an exhalation in a cloud , it cannot continue idle there ; it daily forms a thousand imaginations , and brings forth a thousand cares , it findes out an infinity of inventions to advance the good of the beloved , &c. H.C. Death may end my life , but not my love , which ( as it is infinite ) must be immortal . — Him , whose love went beyond the bounds of conceit , much more of utterance , that in her hands the ballance of his life or death did stand . Such a love as mine , wedded to vertue , can never be so adulterated by any accident , no nor yet ravish'd by passion , as to bring forth a bastard disobedience , whereof ( my very conscience not being able to accuse my thoughts ) I come to clear my self . The proportion of my love is infinite . So perfect a thing my love is to you , as it suffers no question , so it seems to receive injury by addition of any words unto it . The more notable demonstrations you make of the love ( so far beyond my desert ) with which it pleaseth you to make me happy , the more am I , even in course of hu●anity , b●und to seek requitals witness . — ( Having embarked my careful love in the ship of my desire ) — Good God! what sublimate is made in the lymbeck of Love. His eyes were so eager in b●●●lding her , that they were like those of the Bird , that ●atches her eggs with her looks . Stratonica . He expected her at A. with so great impatience of love , that he would have willingly hastned the course of the Sun , to measure it by his affections . He , beholding her so accomplished , easily felt the glances shot from her eyes , were rays from her ▪ but arrows for his heart , from whence he could receive nought but honorable wounds . If you have as much confidence in me , as I have love towards you ; — Love is in effect , a force ( pardon the exorbitancy of the word ) that is unresistable , so strong a war is that , which the appetite wageth against reason . Then , then in the pride of your perfections you paradized me in the heaven of your love . The rare Idea that thus ( through the applause of mine eye ) hath bewitched my heart , is the beautious image of your sweet self ( pardon me if I presume , when the extremity of love pricks me forward . ) Faults that grow by affection ought to be forgiven , because they come of constraint : Then ( Madam ! ) read with favor , and censure with mercy ; — Why should not that , which is one , rest in unity ? Bacon . His bosom was the Cell , wherein I hid my secrets ; his mouth was the Oracle , whereby I directed my actions ; As I could not be without his presence , so I never would do any thing without his counsel . When I am from you , I am dead till I be with you ; when I am with you , I am not satisfied , but would still be nearer you : vnited souls are not satisfied with imbraces . Rel. Med. In the intercourse of affection , my love surmounts yours . Fire comes out of the hardest Flint with a steel ; oyl out of the driest jet by fire ; love out of the stoniest heart by faith , by trust , by time . Eupheus . I cannot but admire thy love , knowing from what height of vertue it proceeds : as I will not envy thee thy death , so I wish a glory may await thy end , great as the constancy that advanc'd thee to it . Her. Two neighbouring Lillies , whom rude winds disperse ' mongst restless dust , may sooner meet upon their stacles again , and kiss each other in a second growth , then we our loves renew . Love is the good , which , by being diffused , is corrupted ; she that loves one , another and a thrid ; takes in men at the coyle , and loves onely for her pleasure . The object of true love is but one : From the Infancy of Time to her decrepitude , the love between two hath been held most honorable ▪ Heroinae . Our mutuall mindes thus combined , was like the Garden of Eden , wherein grew more delights , then either Nature now affords , or Art can exp●ess . Gra●ious is the face that promiseth nothing but love , and most celestiall the resolution that lives upon chastity . She had a pure flame shot from heaven into her breast : from no other place could so generous a mind be fired . My love shall never end , but with my life . There is nothing that belongs to us both , that can be divided : our wills united make but one mind , which ruling all our actions , it seems we are in like manner but one body . Ariana . — He was so rapt with these dear engagements , that the commotions of his heart disturbed his mind , and stop'd the freedom of his thoughts . I must confess my self in prison , but 't is a prison of love , where my desires , my thoughts , my hopes , my joys , are chains . H.C. Chast love . ] She changes the fire of Babylon into that of Jerusalem . Her h●irs , which were the nets wherein so many captive souls did sigh under the yoke of wan●●n love , are now ( as the Ensignes and Standards of wicked Cupid ) tra●pled under the feet of the Conqueror . Those kisses , which carried the poyson of a luxurious passion in her heart , do now breath f●om her nothing but th● delicacies of chas●i●y . Her leasing od●urs , which before were vowed to sensuality , are now become the sweetest exhalations from that Amber Isle , which brings forth an odoriferous perfume . Entertainments for Lent. My passion hath for its object a thing too perfect to permit me a thought that may be unworthy of the cause of it . I like that love , which by a soft ascension , does degree it self in the soul . Feltham . Your presence is like Homers Nepenthe , that can banish the sadness of the mind . The heart of a lover is a Citie , in which upon one and the same day are seen sports and bankets , battels and funerals . Plutarch . Who does not know , that love took away the senses of wise Solomon , and made him violate the sacred law . Love moved Biblis to be enamoured on her own brother Caunus , and Pasiphae to accompany vvith a Bull ? Love is like a pan of Charcoal , vvhich meeting vvith the vvind , its contrary , makes it turn more ardent , or like a rapid torrent , vvhich justing against adam , swells higher : so love meeting with opposition , grows hotter and stronger . Dodona's Grove . — These two hearts ; being dissolved into love , spake in thoughts , not having language enough to express their affection . H.C. Since then I cannot retaliate your love , or retribute your favours , yet vvill I receive them vvith a desire ●o pay . The vvorthy St. Dionysius , in the book of Divine Attributes , distinguisheth three sorts of love , one is called circular , the other love in a right line , and the third oblique . Love ( sa●th an ancient Lover ) hath made a But of my heart , vvhere , so soon as it had shot all its arrows , it threw it self as an inflamed dart into the bottom of my heart , to set me all on fire . There is nothing comparable to the Martyrdom of love : It is an exhalation in a cloud : It is a fire in a Mine , a torrent shut up in ditches ; a night of s●paration lasteth ages , and all waxeth old for it , but its desires . The life of this young Hero , ( vvhich vvas ever hanging about the heart of his Mistress , ever in the contemplation of her goodness , perpetually in the furnace of love ) vvholly tranformed it self into his vvel-beloved , as one vvax melted into another , as a drop of vvater poured into a great vessell of Wine , as incense wasted in flames . H. Court. He said what a warm lover ( when desire makes eloquent ) could speak , he said she was both Star and Pilot. No birth or estate can chalenge a prerogative in love . The deep wound of his love , being rubbed afresh with — began to bleed again . Love is to the soul , that which vvings are to Birds , to carry us to its fruition . For vvant of vvell loving , vve apply the most precious thing , which is love , to gain wretched creatures , as if one used a golden hook to fish for frogs , and a scepter to shake hay . I 'le always dwell with you like your shade . I 'le keep a Jubile to your memory . My eyes pay tribute where my heart pays love . I vvill repay your love vvith usury . ( Love making in the field of his memory a muster of the vertues of that Lady . ) The man that applies not himself to some love , is like a body vvithout life . Love is the Wine of the soul . Love is the greatest Philosopher in the vvorld ; He can transmute substances vvithout altering the accidents . Man commended . MAn is the pride of Heavens creation ▪ 〈◊〉 — A man , vvhose life needs no Advocate , vvhom detraction it self cannot mention vvithout ▪ addition of some Epithetes of respect , to conclude him in a vvord no object for any evill passion but envy ; and a subject for no discourse , but vvhat ends vvith admiration . It seems Nature from above had been dispatch'd as a brave Harbinger , to score out a lodging for this great Soul , and give him a Body suitable to the vigor of his Spirit ( so vvel vvas it composed , ) &c. H. Court. — What he is according to nature , a Master ▪ piece , vvhere many prerogatives meet together , a Body composed of a marvellous Architecture , a Soule endowed vvith — He is the Orpheus , vvho vvith his looks onely , vvithout setting his hand to the Lyre , enchants and ravishes the most savage of our Wilderness . Aristotle ( that Linceus of Nature ) — Nature vvas sent by God ( as a gallant Harbinger ) to compose a Body for him suitable to his great Spirit . He did vvith great nobleness and bounty ( which vertues at that time had their turns in his Nature ) restore — Lo. Bacon . I find not any man , over vvhom he has not some advantage , nor any one life , vvhich ( take it altogether ) is so admirable as his . The Prince . He is an Anthony in clemency , a Trajan in bounty ▪ and another Augustus in wisdom . Though he exceeds not in those vertues which g●t admiration , as depth of wisdom , height of courage , and the like , yet he is notable for those qualities which stir affection , as truth of word , meekness , courtesie , mercifulness and liberality . He was Lord of great Revenues , to which his vertue not his fortune was his Title ; his mind was richly embroydered with all the studied ornaments of learning , &c. — Heroinae . Bravest A ! sooner shall the fathers bowels be silent at the sight of his long unseen son , then posterity forget thy name . — Nor shall I rest content , till I bring one grain of incense more to that great oblation , which I hope the Muses will offer ere long in publick to his memory , thereby to induce Historians , ( those Goldsmiths of time ) in their elaborate rings , the Chronicles and Relations of these days , curiously to enchase this choycer Diamond to the delight and benefit of succeeding ages . Of Sir I.S. The worth of worthiness hath his whole Globe comprised in his breast . The gallantry of his mind was plainly legible to every eye that was acquainted with the characters of vertue . — In this man there were such great abilities of wit and understanding , that into what Climate s●ever his nativity had cast him , he seem'd to be able to command of f●rtune . Bacon . — Men , wh●●e Sentiments are Maximes and Oracles to govern the worlds beliefs and actions . Sir K.D. — So wel was he studied in the Art of Dying , that by continuall watchings , fastings , prayers , and such like acts of Christian humiliation , his flesh was rarified into spirit , and the whole man so fitted for eternall glories , that he was more then halfe in heaven , before Death brought his bloody ( but triumphant ) Chariot to convey him thither , His head did bear the Calender of age . Every man is a vast and spacious Sea : His passions are the winds that swell him in disturbant waves , &c. Feltham . A good man is like the day , enlightning & warming all he shines on , and is always raising upwards to a Region of more constant purity , then that wherein it finds the object . The bad man is like the night , dark , obtruding fears , and dimitting unwholsome vapouts upon all that rest beneath . Envy her self could not detract from his worth ; he was learned even to an example , pious up to a proverb . — A person that in the Hurricans of great transactions is serenely pleas'd to throw off the publick person , and adopt into his tenderness and protection , all that , unto which worth and letters may make a claim . Mr. Halls Epistle before Longinus . Of the K : and his letters intercepted . 1645. AS a Man , see , but with what sagacity he writes , and with what judgement ; see , but what a clean sense he hath of things , which does so overlook all his most perplexed affairs , that they seem to blush they have no better difficulties . See , but how farre his wisdom looks into mens persons , which doth so weigh them and their actions with the grains and allowance of their unworthy servile ends , that he seems not more to observe then prophesie . See , but what an even spirit of Elegancy runs through every line , vvhich beats and leaps as much in the description of his saddest condition , as of his serenest fortune ; Insomuch that posterity will a little love his misery for her very clothing . Then , as a Husband , do but observe how kind he is , and withall how chast ? how full of warm expressions of love , and yet how far from wanton ? Do but observe how he vveighs his own health by his vvives Standard , every line bears a Venus in it , and yet no Doves ; and he drives the trade of thoughts between the Q. and him , with so much eagerness , and yet with so much innocence in all his letters , as if he meant they should be intercepted . As a Christian , see , but what a conscience he makes of oaths , esteeming them ( not according to the popular account ) as if their ceremony made them the less sacred , or ( as too many use them in the vvorld ) as bracelets to their speech , not ( as they are indeed ) as chains unto their souls ; look but how he startles at the name of Sacriledge , though never so commodious a sin , &c. Last of all , as a King , see , but vvhat a constant and true soul he bears to Justice , vvhich none of his sad infelicities can alter . A soul that vvould come off true , vvere it put to Plato's triall , vvho said , That for a man to approve himselfe a true just man indeed , His vertue must be spoyld of all her ornaments . Key K. Cabinet . So many excellent pens have vvritten upon his brave acts , and made them so well known to all the vvorld , that it vvere to bring light into day , to go about to mention them . H. Court. He is the Pelops of wisdom , and Minos of all good government . Who hath not known or read of that prodigy of vvit and fortune , Sir Wa. Ra. a man infortunate in nothing , but in the greatness of his vvit and advancement , vvhose eminent vvorth vvas such , both in domestick policie , forreign expeditions and discoveries , in arts and literature , both practick and contemplative , that it might seem at once to conquer both example and imitation . Mr. Nath. Carpenter . — Man , vvho contracts in himselfe all the draughts and vvorks of the Divine hand , and epitomizeth the vvhole world in his perfections , and bears the most animated Character of the living God. H.C. He is a noble , generous , and vvell-manur'd youth , bears beauties ensignes in his gracious looks , has that supream Divinity in his eyes , as sparkleth flames able to fire all hearts , and the superlative vertue of his mind transcends his outvvard figure ; he is vvise , as most mature age , valiant in resolve , as fames beloved child , reputaon , conjoyns the masculine graces of his soul vvith lovely carriage and discreet dicourse , &c. Argalus and Parth. — I could say much more of his vvorth , vvithout flattery , did I not fear the imputation of presumption , and vvithall suspect , that it might befall these papers of mine , ( though the losse vvere little ) as it did the pictures of Q. Eliz. made by unskilfull and common Painters , which by her own commandement vvere knockt to pieces , and cast into the fire . For ill Artists , in setting out the beauty of the externall ; and weak Writers , in describing the vertues of the internal , do often leave to posterity of well-formed faces , a deformed memory ; and of the most perfect and Princely minds , a most defective representation . Sir. Wa. Rawl . in Preface . He was a man whose brave undaunted Spirit dignified his Family many stories high in the estimate of Fame . The excellent endowments of his soul , acknowledged even by Envy , and admired by Truth , together with his known propension to goodness , invited me to — I have been possessed with extream wonder , when I consider the excellency of those vertues and faculties in him , which the Philosophers call intellectuall , the capacity of his mind comprehending so many , and so great notions , the faithfulsness of his memory , the swiftness of his apprehension , the penetrati●n of hi● judgement , the order and facility of his Eloc●tion . &c. Bacon . — He derived many streams from Sidney's great River into hi● own Chanels . His Countenance ( which by nature had no vulgar Air in it ) grown lean by affliction , expressed ( in a pale disagreement of colours ) that the harmony of his individuum began its dissolution from the head . Nature . NAture is that Spirit or Divine Reason , which is the efficient cause of natural works , &c. — You whom nature hath made to be the Load-star of comfort , be not the rock of shipwrack . The errors in his nature were excused , by reason of the greenness of his youth . Nature having done so much for him of nothing , as that it made him Lord of something . Nature is the mirror of Art. — They wrastled with the disadvantage of single nature , and at last threw it into rule . — Then does Art appear perfect , when she can scarce be distinguished from Nature it self , and again , nature is ever happy , because she always carries a hidden Art in her own bosom . Longinus . Silence and Secresie . SIlence is the fermentation of our thoughts . Bacon . — Assuring you in the faith of a friend , that you shall deposite it in the deepest and darkest de● of silence , never to come to light . It is hard to be silent , &c. since nature hath not made us like Crocodiles , who are said to have eyes to weep , and not a tongue to complain . I hope I shall finde your ears faithful Treasurers . I will cover it under the vail of silence . Silence , in bashful signs , blush'd out a dumb reply . — till when I lock these projects in the closet of your secrecy . There followed so deep and unbroken a silence , that midnight seem'd thunder , it compa'rd to it . Similitudes , see Comparisons , page 58. Sorrow . SOrrow is a grief or heaviness for things which are done and past , it is t●e ●●ly friend to solitariness , enemy to company , and heir to desperation . Though his attached tongue could pay no tribute to his dumb sorrow , yet did his silent woes shew his speaking grief . O happy Portia ! they dead sad woes are all buried in my long liv'd griefs ; and Hecuba's tears are all drowned in the sea of my sorrow . Lymbecks were her eyes of tears , a furnace was her breast of scalding sighes , a constant feaver surpriz'd her joynts , yet with this did her sweet condition enforce a smile , ( and with this ( mixed with a pearly tear ) did she beg this boon of , &c. — Holy Court. — Whereat the yce of his heart dissolved , and began already to evaporate through his eyes . He endeavored to speak , but the more he strove , the more the sobs choaked up his words . — Assaulted with a furious squadron of remediless dolours . ( Drenched in a Sea of Sorrow . — Love , jealousie , anger and sorrow divided his heart , and drew strange sighes from him . He bare the image of his sorrow in his dejected countenance . He knew not how to answer her , but with the moist dew of his eyes , which began to do the office of his lips . Sh● made the apple of her weeping eyes speak to him in continual prayers . — ( after the Flood of her tears was grown to an ebb . ) — After she had bathed the beauty of her eyes in the sorrow of her tears . — My grief was at the highest before , and now like swelling Nilus it disdaineth bounds . That ( washing anew her face in the balmy drops of her love-distilling tears ) she began . — He banished both sleep and food , as enemies to his mourning , which passion perswaded him was reasonable . He opened his mouth , as a Floodgate for sorrow . I had in the furnace of my agonies , this refreshing . — The breath , almost formed into words , was again stopt by her , and turned into sighes . Let the tribute-offer of my tears procure — — It deserves of me a further degree of sorrow , then tears . — Finding by the pittiful oration of a languishing behaviour , and the easily deciphered-Character of a sorrowful face , that — — With a demeanor , where , in the book of beauty , there was nothing to be read but sorrow , for kindeness was blotted out , and anger was never there . Suffer not the weakness of sorrow , to conquer the strength of your vertues . — His soul drinking up woe with great draughts . — Her tears were like , when a few April drops are scattered by a gentle Zephirus among fine coloured flowers . She painted out the lightsome colours of affection , shaded vvith the deepest shadows of sorrow . — Suffering her sorrow to melt it self into an abundance of tears , and giving grief a free dominion . At length letting her tongue go ( as dolourous thoughts guided it ) she thus ( with lamentable demeanor ) spake , — Wilt thou give my sorrows no truce ? Tears and sighes interrupt my speech , and force me to give my self over to private sorrow . Though ●y memory be a continued Record of much sorrow , yet among the many stories grief hate engraven in me , there is none to be compared with t●e disaster of — — This said , she wept the rest . But he not daunted at that majesty of sorrow that sate inthron'd in Crystal ; nor at her vvords , that would ●●arm ●●e most inhumane : but rather vvhet , then ●efin'd in passion , unloads his lust . — Her. — She , in whom sorrow had swell'd it self so high , that rather then break out , it threatned to break her heart . — Appearing in his countenance a doleful Copy of what he would relate . — ( Able to make an Adamant turn Niobe . When I am b●reft of thee , in whom all my joys are so wealthily summ'd up , that thy loss will make my life my greatest curse , then will I dye in honor , and think it fitter for my fame , then linger out my life in sorrow . Her. She was Empress of a minde , unconquered of sin or sorrovv . It is not the tears of our eyes only , but of our friends also , that do exhaust the current of our sorrows , which falling into many streams run more peaceably , and are contented with a narrower channel . She melts her heart in a sacred Limbeck of love , and distills it out by her eyes . They resented his loss with as many griefs , as his desert and their good nature could produce in them . Arc. To give over sorrovv I must of necessity give over remembring you , and that can I not , but vvith my life . — To see her countenance ( through which there shin'd a lovely majesty , even to the captivating of admiring souls ) novv altered to a frightful paleness , and the terrors of a gastly look . Feltham . — These are calamities , vvhich challenge the tribute of a bleeding eye . — Tell him I do invvardly dissolve into a devv of bleeding passion for his loss , and vvould , to re-invest blest quiet i● his heart , act o're the scene of dangers I have pass'd since I knevv earliest manhood . Arg. and Parth. — I am past the thought of grief for this sad fact , and am griefs individual substance . — She poured her self into tears without comfort , as her misery seemed devoid of remedy . — Thy looks upon a sudden are becom dismall , thy brow dull as Saturns issue , thy lips are hung vvith black , as if thy tongue vvere to pronounce some funerall . Sorrow having clos'd up all the entries of thy mind . He made a shady tree his pavillion , vvith intention to make forgetting sleep comfort a sorrowfull memory . He gave such tokens of true felt sorrow , as no imagination could conceive greater . Compassion procured his eyes vvith tears to give testimony . — He departed , as if he had been the Coffin that carried himself away . The river of your tears ( if not stopped ) vvill soon loose their fountain . — Pitie my sorrows , which are onely mine , because I am extreamly yours . — Lost in my thoughts , I see my self wandring in various objects , and , for a height in mysery , I walk in the night of a heart darkned vvith sadnesse . The melancholy complexion of my mind encilnes to hold a sympathy with all sorrow , that my senses communicate to me . The remembrance of her former ingratitudes delivered over such feeling arguments of her sad remorse , as were able to strike the water of tears out of the stoniest hearts of her beholders : Like the Rod of Moses , which drove vvater out of the Rock , &c. Sir To. Math. — A subject I confesse so full of lamentation and horror , as would require some Homer to express it , or rather the mind and pen of Heraclitus , to weep and write together . Suffer mine eyes to discourse my griefs . You temporize with sorrow , mine is sincere . — Untill mine eyes became the sad oblation of a fainting voyce . It is hard to describe with what affection her eyes , big with grief , brought forth fears . The fair Lady in that Art resembled Aurora in travell of the day . Her tears much exceeded the morning dew in beauty . Stratonica . Speech . SPeech is nothing else but an expression to another man of the images one hath within himself . Sir K. Digby . Reason is as it were the soul of speech . Ba●on . Lecture is the aliment of speech . As houses without Dores are unprofitable : so are men that have no rule of their speech . — The very Order of his speech seem'd to be Disorderly : and his disorders were rang'd into a certain kind of order . — Though courted with all the blandishments and graces of speech , yet he could not be perswaded . Thoughts . THought , generally is all the imaginations of ●ur brain , vvhich being a proposed object of the heart , makes it continually revolve , and work upon those conceits . Thoughts are but over-flowings of the minde and the to●gue is but a servant of the ●h●ught● . Speech and Thought are two sisters , the youngest whereof is created , that the eldest may be known . Philo. The more I exercise my thoughts , the more they inc●ea●e the appetite of my desires . What a paradise of unspotted goodness his filthy though●s sought to defile ? — ( Thinking to set my muti●ous thoughts at peace . ) He made his thoughts more obligatory to her favours ; and he fashioned his favours more complementory to her fortunes . My thoughts were winged vvith desire . You ( the Secretary of all my thoughts ) — Distill●ng my active thoughts in a continued study to serve you . — My hopes of honour , then which noth●ng but your fair selfe is so neer unto my thoughts . She , conjur'd with this tyranny of complement , with as undistracted words as could be pumpt from the deepest confusion of thoughts , makes her reply — Her. — His word led by his thought , and followed by his deed . I could wish you were secretary of my thoughts , or that there were a Crystall casement in my breast , through which you might espy the inward motions and palpitations of my heart , then would you be certified of the sincerity of this protestation . Pleasing , but too ambitious thoughts ! whither do you lead me ? — Give my long imprisoned thoughts leave to appear in words . Let truth make up a part in the harmony of your noble thoughts . Thus when my thoughts are at a stand , and can raise my present happiness no higher , let me call to mind how — — Since you have tied your thoughts in so wilful a knot . A tumultuous Army of thoughts shall strike up an Alarm to your repose . H.C. Continually floating in a tempestuous Sea of thoughts , vvithout either finding bottome or shore . And after I had run over all the pedigree of my thoughts , new thoughts possessed me . Weighing her resolutions by the counterpoise of his own youthfull thoughts . Using his own Bias to bowle neer the Mistress of his own thoughts . Words may be said to be a kind of body to thoughts . Montagu . My thoughts supplied the place of sacrifices . My very thoughts , I hope , are wing'd with innocence . Vanity . VAnity at this day opens all her gates to manif●st divers men to the vvorld , vvho should otherwise be buried in obscurity . It makes some app●ar ●y the luxurious excess of th●ir apparel , as so many ●●le creatures , whose heads ( being high & costly dressed up ) go to the market of idle love . Others by the riches and pomps of the world , others by honors and dignities , others by the spirit of industry , and others by deeds of arms and policy . Every one sets out himself to be seen and esteemed in the world . It seems that life is made for nothing , but to be shewed , and that we should always live , for that which makes us dye . Holy Court. Vertue . VErtue ( like the clear heaven ) is without C●ouds . He ●●●●me ●er servant by the bonds , which vertue laid ●pon him . Vertue● ( if his face be not a false witness ) do apparel his minde . — Formed by nature and framed by education to the true exercise of vertue . — Mindes , vvhich neither absolutely climb the ●●●k of vertue , nor fre●ly sink into the sea of vanity . — She , ( in whose minde ve●tue governed with the scept●● of knovvledge . ) — — She , to whose unstained vertue , it hath been my unspeakable misery , that my name should be become a blot . — ( Far engaged to the memory of your vertues . ) — Vertue is the tenure , by which we hold of heaven : without this we are but Outlaws , that cannot claim protection . Feltham . Vertue ha●h nothing to do with the vail of untruths to cover it . Vertue is as the Geometrical Cube , on what side soever it is cast , it always finds his Basis . Vertue and grace ●un parallel with heaven . Women Commended . WOmen , being of one and the self same substance with man , are what man i● , only so much more imperfect , as they are created the weaker vessel● . — She , whose vertue deserves to be consecrated with a pen of adamant in the Temple of Eternity , since she is able to dazle the eyes of the most hardy , to fill the mouthes of the most eloquent , and ravish the mindes of those , who admire no vulgar things . H.C. A●k Sense what she is : Sense will tell us , Her face is the unclouded welkin in the infancy of day ; her eyes the Sun and Moon that sleep by turns , lest they should leave the world in darkness : her tongue the harmony of Spheres and Nature : her breasts heavens milkly way , spangled with azure stars : her arms Castor and Pollux : her other parts because of ●ower function , are but the Symmetry of all the beauties of her sex : she is too much first to have any second , from the third , fourth and fifth form of women , from a million or all of them , you may take some peece of her , not all , for she her self is the All. Ask Reason what she is : Reason will tell you , she is her Directress , that she keeps the elements at peace within us : our fire she confines to religious zeal , and suffers it not to enflame either to lust or supersti●ion : our watry element she hath designed to quench unlawful flames , &c. — Ask faith what she is : Faith will tell you , she hath yours and mine , and an hundred other souls in one soul , &c. — Were there , or were there no night : yet were she an everlasting day . Were there none bad : yet were she unparalleledly good . Were there any or none to be compar'd to her : yet vvere she superlative . All of her is an eaven proportion of extreams . Heroinae . — Those eyes more eloquent then all Rhetorick , that would raise an Anchoret from his grave , and turn the Feind Fury , into the Cherubin Pitty — Those vvhite and red Roses ( vvhich no rain , but vvhat fell from those heavenly eyes ) could colour or sweeten . Those lips that stain the rubies , and make the roses blush , those lips that command the scarlet coloured morn into a cloud to hide his shame : That breath , vvhich makes us all Chamaelions , should be vvasted into unregarded sighes : Those breasts eternally chaste and vvhite as the Aples : those legs , columns of the fairest Parian ma●ble , columns that support this monument of all pens , — her skin , smooth as the face of youth , soft as a bed of violets , white as the Queen of innocence , sweet as bean blossoms after rain , &c. — She , shaking off those glorious loads of state , retired from the crowding tumults of the Court , into a solitary and truly happy Country-condition , there to spin out her thred of life ●● her homely distaff , where we will leave her a verier wonder , then the Phoenix in the desart , the alone paragon of all peerless perfections . Her actions ( so above the Criticism of my purblinde judgment ) I am not able to comprehend , much less contradict or controvert . — You are the beauty of the world , the pride of all joys , the sweetest fruit of best content , and the highest mark of true loves ambition . To her alone , it appeared , that heaven with a hand rather prodigal then liberal , would give what it had of most value in the rich treasury of nature Stratonica . Women are Angels , clad in flesh . The Roman Story ( big with variety of wonder ) writes Lucretia the female glory . She was natures fairest paper , not compounded of the rags of common mortality , but so searsed and refined , that it could receive no impression , but that of spotless innocence . — Her. Where'ere she comes , her presence makes perpetual day . — They discovered A. ( the rich triumph of nature ) and in her as much as the world could boast of . Her eyes inviting all eyes , her lips all lips , her face loves banquet , where she riots in the most luxuriant feast of sense : — She was the model of divine perfection . — A flock of unspeakable vertues , laid up delightfully in that best builded fold . In this , a very good Orator might have a fair field to use eloquence . Her eyes seemed a Temple , wherein love and beauty were married . — So many things united in perfection . She hath an easie melting lip , a speaking eye . Venus compar'd to her was but a blowz . As you are to me a Venus , and strike a warm flame in me , so you are Diana too , and do infuse a chaste , religious coldness . Amorous war. I stand before you like stubble before a burning glass , your eyes at every glance convert me into flame . Her voyce was no less beautiful to his ears , then her goodliness was full of harmony to his eyes . Thy heavenly face is my Astronomy , thy sweet vertue , my sweet Philosophy . You are the Diamond of the world , the chief work of natures workmanship . The patern of perfection , and the quintessence of worth . Your fair forehead is a field where all my fancies fight , and every hair of your head seems a strong chain that ties me . You are the ornament of the earth , the vessel of all vertue . — With so gracious a countenance , as the goodness of her minde had long exercised her unto . — She , whose many excellencies won as many hearts , as she had beholders , nature making her beauty and shape , but the most fair Cabinet of a far fai●er minde . There 's musick in her smiles . A mart of beauties in her visage meet . — A woman in whom vertue was incorporated , goodness ( which comes to others by study ) seemed hers by nature . — You ( the type of my felicity ) to whom all hearts , respects , hopes , fears and homages are sacrificed . — Her countenance was too sweet , her speech too proper , her deportments too candid , to cover so b●ack a mischief . — She took hearts captive , and made them do vassalage and homage to ●er will. — Where they found A. accompanied vvith other Ladies , amongst vvhom her transcendent beauty and incomparable vertues , made her shine with as much superiority , as a star of a g●eater magnitude exceeds in splendor the less●●●●minaries of its own Spheare . Her haire seemed to stand in competition with the beams of the Sun. — She , whose rare qualities , whose courteous behaviour without curiosity ; whose comely f●ature , without fault ; whose filed speech , without fraud , hath wrapped me in this misfortune . Eupheus . Nature framed her to be the object of thoughts , The love of hearts , the admiration of souls . This is she , who is singularly priviledged fr●m heaven with beauties of body , but incomparably heightned vvith gifts of the mind . Such is her learning , that she transcends men in their best faculties . She , — this bright morning Star , alwayes bears in the rays thereof , joy , comfort , &c. She was able to enthrall a●l hearts with so many supereminent excellencies , as heaven had conferred upon her . She had a strong and pleasing spirit , a s●lid piety , an a●akened wisdome , an incomparable grace to gain ●earts to her devotion . H.C. Nature in her promiseth nothing but goodness . He could not sufficiently admire the vivacity of her spirit , the solidity of her judgement , the equity ●f h●r counsels , and the happiness which ordinarily accompanied her resolutions , H.C. She gained hearts by sweetness , therein imitating the Sun , which neither breakes Dores nor Windows to enter into houses ; but penetrates very peaceably with the benignity of his favourable b●ams . The eye and tongue of this creature mutually divided his heart , at one and the same instant love surprized him by the eyes and ears . Endowed vvith an admirable grace and singular beauty , to serve even as an Adamant to captivate hearts . Fair as the Firmament , vvhich vve see enamelled with so many starres , that resplendently shine , as Torches lightned before the Altars of the Omnipotent . — ●he vvho vvas the Adamant of all loves . — A Lady , vvhose eyes vvil make a Souldier melt , if ●e were compos'd of marble , vvhose very smile hath a magnetick force to draw up souls , vvhose voy●e vvill charm a Satyr , and turn a mans prayer into ambition , make a Hermite run to Hell , &c. Gr. Serv. — Whose exquisite beauty was so beautified vvith rarest vertues , that men honored Nature as a God in her perfections , and held her more then a Woman in her veru●s . Par. & Vienna . — She vvhose beauty vvas far fairer then the evening Star , and vvhose vertue vvas more powerful 〈…〉 greatest C●nstellati●n . The renown of her att●active vertues , and the vertue of h●r moving per●ections ha●h so captivated my freest thoughts , that , vvondring at her same , I am wounded with fancy , and my desire is — I would vvillingly here draw to the life the Portraiture of this Lady , if my black Ink vvere not too unfit a colour to set forth a celestiall beauty . You have far more perfections then years , and more inward excellence then extern beauty , yet so beautifull , as few so fair , though none more vertuous . She had a mind of excellent composition , a piercing wit voyd of ostentation , high erected thoughts , seated in a heart of courtesie , an eloquence as sweet in the uttering , as slow to co●e to the uttering , a behaviour so noble , as gave a Majesty to adversity . Arcadia . — Shee 's a Virgin happy in all endowments vvhich a Poet could fancy in his Mistress , being her selfe a School of goodness , vvhere chaste maids may learn ( without the aids of foraign principles ) by the example of her life and pureness , to be ( as she is ) excellent . I but give you a bri●f Epitome of her vertues , vvhich dilated on at large , and to their merit , vvould make an ample story . Were all her other graces worn in clouds , That eye , that very eye would charm a Lucrece . Her name ( like some celestiall fire ) quickens my spirits . I never knew vertue and beauty meet in a sweeter nature . Thou art a virgin sweet , so pretious in thy frame , that with the cordage of thy hair , thou mightst have fettered Kings . Thy voyce has mar'd the beauties of the night ; when thou did●t sing , the quiet stars would wink and fall assee . I could gaze on her , till my wonder did convert me into marble , and yet my s●ul would in her self retain a fire , lively , as that which bold Prometheus stole . Madam ! you are so large a Theam to treat of , and every grace about you off●rs to me such Copie of language , that I stand doubtfull which first to touch at ; if I erre ( as in my choyce I may ) let me intreat you , before I offend , to sign my pa●d●n . Wh●ther we consider her face or beauty , pleasi●gness ( that charms hearts ) and sweet majesty have spent all their riches upon her . Ariana . She breathes forth nothing but the sweets of love The eyes are the wonders of the face , and dark figures ●f Divinity ; we may call them too the Dials ●f love , which fastned on the wall of a countenance , shew with the stile of their looks , the minutes of hours , either happy or unhappy to Lovers . Fame , which is accustomed to increase the desert of every thing it would commend , hath been constrained to diminish yours , being impossible to be published according to the greatness of it . It is a mark of great vertue not to be able to endure to be commended . She was crown'd with a garland of odoriferous flowers , and her delicate hair in tresses , falling upon a neck of snow , did set forth the beauties of this divine face , whose splendor dazled mens eyes so , that there was not any one that could support unwound●d the sight of so many wonders . Lesser lights borrow beams of radiance from your great●r Orb , which doth illumine and heat our N●rt●ern cly●e with celestiall ardors . Ho. Court. Madam , if the duty ( which commands me to serve all Ladies ) did not ordain me this obedience , your birth and so many ●air qualities I see in you , oblige me to it . Ariana . — My eye of contemplation was fixed on this bright Sun , as long as it was able to endure the radiant beams of it , wh●se redundant light ve●les the looker on with a dark mist . Sir K.D. I esteem , reverence and adore you in the most secret and recluse withdrawings of my heart . — Her face did shine with so great evidence , as it defied the noon-tide Sun in its greatest brightnesse . Albeit Medea were wicked , yet Penelope was peerless ; If Clytemnestra were naught , yet Alcestes was passing good : If Phaedra were damnable , yet there was another laudable . Camd. Rem . — She had the spirit of a man in a feminine body . She 's a burning mirror , in which all the beams of beauty are united . She is the Star , by whom my Fate is led . — Modest she was , and so lovely , that whosoever look'd but stedfastly upon her , could not but-soul himself in her . Feltham . Her eyes , swift , as the shoots of lightning , nimbler then thought , and bright as the polisht Diamond . — She is of so specious a glory , that though she need not the applause of any , to add to her happiness , yet she attracts the hearts of all that know her , to love , service , admiration . To apparell any more in these paper vestments , I should multiply impertinents , and perhaps displease . For I have ever found face commendation to dye wisdoms cheeks of a blush-colour . — All lips are opened with singular prerogatives in honour of this Lady , and are all dried up in the abundance of her praises . In her person alone , a plenitude of all perfections does inhabit . H.C. In her , all the most delicious attractives of beauty , and the most conspicuous characters of power , are assembled together . This Aglae was a Roman Dame of prime quality , having a delicate wit in a beautifull body , and powerfull passions in a great fortune . She had been married , but becoming a widow in an age , as yet furnished with verdant freshness , grace and beauty , she had not buried all her affections in the Tomb of her husband . After she had a little wiped away the first tears , which nature exacts as tribute in such like accidents , she quickly plaid so much the Courtier in her slight sorrow , that she seemed greatly to desire , as soon as might be , to finish what she had never well begun . Holy Court. But by successe of time she felt her passion so much enkindled towards him , that she neither thought , spake , nor liv'd , but for him . The fair Aretaphila inflames all hearts with the musick of her voyce ; myriads of joys are in her looks , her eyes are natures richest Diamonds , set in foils of polisht Ebony , her breath expires Odors more sweet then issued from the trees of Balm in Paradise , Argal. & Parth. — She — upon whose meanest thought the Art of memory 's grounded , and inspires each Organ of our meditating sense with their perfections merit . Ibid. She , in whom the sum and abridge of all sorts of excellencies are met , like paralels in their proper center . Herb. Travails . — Whose listning ears were well pleased with the sweet harmony of her well-tun'd words , and whose liking eyes were ravish'd with the sight of her perfections . — She — the ornament of the earth , the modell of heaven , the triumph of Nature , the life of beauty , the Queen of love . Her action was beautified by nature , and apparell'd with skill ; her gesture gave such a way unto her speech , through the rugged wilderness of his imaginations , that — Her voice represented the heavenly seven-sphear'd harmony . Such an extraordinary Majesty shines in all her actions , as surely either Fortune by parentage , or Nature in creation hath made her — Pilgrimes , who come from the remotest confines of the world , cannot see any thing in all the affluent wealth thereof , comparable to her . Insomuch that I wish all the members of my body were changed into tongue , and that I were nought but voyce , to be throughout the whole Universe , the trumpet of her praises . H.C. Her gracious soul hath more Antidote in it , then all the world hath poyson , which will therfore in her affliction make her like the Sun , which shewes his greatest countenance in his lowest declension , and bring her out of it , lik● gold out of the fire , refined , not consumed . Lost . Sh. My prayer shall be , That your Fortune may surmount your greatness , and your vertue your fortune ; that your greatnesse may be above envy , your goodnesse above detraction : that your illustrious example may darken the ages past , and lighten them to come ; that you may live beloved , and die lamented , lamented by earth , but joy'd by heaven , &c. She suffer'd no mutiny of passions against reason , nor of reason against God. She resolved to work with perspective Glasses , of d●fferent , yea and even c●ntrary kindes ; for when she described her own v●rtues , she served he●self● of a Diminishing Glasse , which made them seem so little , as to be no more th●n a kind of nothing , But on the other side , when she gave account of her imperfections , she would by no means know them , by any other name then of Vices and Sins , because she took a Multiplying glasse to her self , lest else those Mole-hils should not seem mountains . Sir Tob. Mat. in his preface to S. Teresa's life . You must give me leave to adjourn you ( for more ample satisfaction of this expectation ) to those drops , which I may perhaps both be able and willing to derive and draw out of the Sea of her perfections , &c. Ib. I shall onely say in very few words ( by way ( as it were ) of antepast , till the Feast come in ) that she had a heart as open as day , in the exercise of bounty ; But above all things , she was so perfect a lover of Truth , that she would no more have even so much as but disguised it , and much lesse varied from it in the least kind , then she would have sold her self for a slave , &c. Ib. I le assure you this Elogium has no more in it , of the Panegyrick , then of the just praise ; I am rather her debtor then her creditor herein . She puts that in execution , which turns nature into admiration . — She , whose two eyes were the Suns that rul'd my day , and to whom onely her absence did make night ; she whose mild vertue and beauteous looks , were a soft , visible musick , which entranc'd the lookers ●n , and struck harmonious raptures into every chaft soul , and instilled pure fires into every unchast , &c. Amor. War. A pretty smile made a kind of day-break in her face . She is wholly made of charm . — She is the star that rules my faculties . Women discommended . LOose Women are whoups , proud birds , which have nothing but crest , and naturally delight in ordure ; they are Bats which cannot endure one little ray of light , but seek to hide themselves under the mantle of night ; they are Horseleeches , which draw blood from the veins of a House and State , where they exercise their power . They are Syrens of the earth , which cause shipwracks without water . They are Lamiae , who have Hosteries of cut-throats , that kill men under pretext of good usage . They are Harpies , who surprize even from Altars , and in the end become envenomed Dipsades , which enforce an enraged thirst upon those , whom they have once bitten . Ho. Court. A woman without devotion is like a Bee without a sting , which will make neither honey nor wax ; is a case covered with pretious stones , to preserve a dunghill . The tongues of women are like the bells of the Forrest Dodona , which make a prodigious jangling ▪ O God! What a dangerous beast is the spirit of a woman ! It is able to create as many monsters in essence , as fantasie can form in painting . No Owle will live in Creet : In Rhodes no Eagle will build her nest ▪ no wit spring in the will of women . It is an infinite simplicity to commit secrets to a woman , whose heart is as fit to keep what it out to conceal , as a Sieve to hold water . — As well may I collect the scattered wind into a bag , or from the watery surface scrape the guilt reflections of the Sun , as bring her heart within the quiet list of wives that will obey and love . Incestuous strumpet ! more wanton then Lamia , more lascivious then Lais , and more shameless th●n Pasophane ; whose life as it hath been shadowed with painted holiness , so hath it been full of pestilent villanies . Her Carcasse ( a better name I can hardly afford her outside ) was the inside of a Sepulcher , her head was unth●cht as an old Parsonage , her eyes ( like lights at the last snuff , when the extinguisher is ready to make their Epitaphs ) sunk low into their Candlesticks ; her ears , now deaf , now happy , ( such was her tongue ) they have lost their sense , her nose worm'd like a piece of Homer of the first bind , offended with her breath , bowed to her chin to dam it up ; her cheeks hol'd , as the earth in Dog ▪ days drowth ; her lips fit to be kist by none but themselves ; her teeth rotten as her soul , hollow as her heart , loose as the shingles of an old silenc'd steeple , scragged as a disparked pale , stood at that distance one could not bite another ; her tongue , so weakly guarded , scolds like the Alarm of a clock ; her chin was down'd with a China beard of twenty hairs , her breast lank as a quick-sand , wasted as an hourglasse at the eleventh use ; one arm , one leg , one foot she doff'd with day , and , as a resurrection , don'd with the morrow ; her bones ( pithless as a stallion for seven posterities ) the slightest fears might now make rattle in her skin ; her body ( wasted to no waist , blasted with lust , as an Oke with lightning ) was as familiar with diseases as a Physitian : To conclude , she is odious beyond all comparison : one sight of her would make the heat of youth recoyl into an infant continence . Heroinae . The look of a lascivious woman is like that of a Basili●k , which kils Chastity by beholding it . Diogenes snarled bitterly , when ( walking with another ) he spyed two women talking , and said , See , the Viper and the Asp are changing poyson . Feltham . No Weather-cock under heaven is so variable as an inconstant woman : Every breath of wind forces her to a various shape : As if her mind were so neer a kin to air , as it must with every motion , be in a perpetuall change . Idem . Women are feathers blown in the bluster of their own loose passions , and are meerly the dalliance of the flying winds . There are that account women onely as Seed-plots for posterity : others worse , as only quench for their fires . Our daily experience teacheth us , that there are women very crafty , and such as under a pure and delicate skin , with a tongue distilling hony , often hide the heart of a Panther , all spotted over with subtilty , as the skin of this beast with diversity of colours . H. Court. — Women are more inconstant then light Whirlwinds ; trust the Sea with feathers , or March winds with dust rather , and let their words , oaths , tears , vows passe ▪ as words in water writ or slippery glasse . Arg. & Parth. No Hell so low which lust and women cannot lead unto . Her tongue is like the sting of a Scorpion . A Woman is the unnecessary Parenthesis of Nature . VVorld . THis word ( World ) called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifi●s as much as ornament , or a well dispos●d order of things . The exterior luster of the world , is but a cloud in painting , a petty vapour of water , a Fable of Time , a Diall , &c. He that wil now-a-days live in the world , must have a veil over his eyes , a key on his eare , a compass on his lips . This world is a chain , which setters men to the ●ivel● ; but rep●ntance is the hand which lifts 〈◊〉 up to God. He that is enamored of the world , is like one ●hat enters into the sea ; for if he escape perils , men wi●l say he is fortunate , but if he perish , they will say he is wilfully deceived . If it be needfull to shew your self to the world , 〈◊〉 then known by your vertues , which are Characters of the Divinity . Let men know you by your good examples , which are the seeds of eternity , and of all fair actions . Sir B B. I have ever thought the prosperity of the world was a current of ●resh water , which looks not back on any thing , but hastens to pour it self into the salt sea . H.C. The world 's a Theater of theft , great rivers rob the smaller brooks , and them the Ocean . Youth . I Have throughly sifted the disposition of youth , wherein I have found more bran then meale , more dough then leven , more rage then reason . Eup. Wine , Love , Play , Rashness were the Chariot which drew his youth to downfall . — Constrained to obey the transport of youthfull fancies . Let me call to mind all the violent pleasures of my heady youth : let me sum up their extent , according to those deceitfull measures I then rated happiness by : let me in my fancy chew over again the excessive good I then fondly imagined in them : And to all this let me add as much more joy and felicity , as , in my weak thoughts I am able to fadom , or but aim at ; and then let me say , ( and with rigorous truth I shall say it ) all this excess of bliss will be resumed , will be enjoyed to the full in one indivisible moment , of that bliss , which a well passed life in this world , shall bring me to in the next . Sir K.D. in his Treatise of Bodies . — So as vvhosoever he be , to vvhom Fortune hath been a servant , and the time a friend , let him but take the account of his memory ( for wee have no other keeper of our pleasures past ) and truly examine vvhat it hath reserved either of beauty or youth , or fore gone delights ; vvhat it hath saved , that it might last , of his dearest affection , or of vvhat-ever else the amorous spring-time gave his thoughts of contentment , then unvaluable ; and he shall find that all the Art , which his elder years have , can draw no other vapours out of these dissolutions , then heavy , secret , and sad sighs . He shal find nothing remaining but those sorrows vvhich grow up after our fast-springing youth , overtake it , vvhen it is at a stand , and overtop it utterly , vvhen it begins to wither , &c. S. Walt. Rawl . in Preface . The harvest of his sins yeelded him now more increase of vvoes , then the lusts of his youth afforded him pleasures . Formulae Minores , OR , LITTLE FORMS For Style or Speech . — HE , having waded thus far into the depth of his awaked intentions , thought good to sound the Foord at full , by — He took opportunity by the fore-part , and ( imprisoning his worthy resolution within the Closet of his secret thought● ) did — He summon'd his wits together , and set them all on the Rack of Invention . Violent streams being once run out , the mud will appear in the bottom — Doubt ( the Herse of my desires ) — To Seal the Deed of my purchased favour , is the Gordian knot I most wish to unloose . — Who ( during these tempestuous storms ) lay at anchor in his own priv●t harbour . To weave the web of his own wo , and spin the thread of his own thraldom . I vvish he vvould repaire hither , that the sight of him might mitigate some part of my martyrdom . Assure your self I 'le be your finger next your thumb . He erected Trophies of his own dishonor , and covered his ulcer with a golden veil . — Like Elia's Chariot , all flaming with glory . O that the Odors of my Sacrifices might ascend even to thy Altars ! Your mind 's a shop , where all good resolutions are forg'd . Our understanding is the steel and our will the flint-stone : as soon as they touch one another , we see the sparks of holy affection flye out . — It bloometh in the eyes , that it may at leasure blossom in the heart That I may see some sparkles of hope glimmer in my affairs . To gnaw the bridle of your impatience . He felt fiery arrow● flye from her eyes , so sharp , that they transfixed his heart with compassion . Love , anger , jealousie , suspition , drew him with four horses . — As innocently spoken , as treacherously interpreted . They murmured as do the waves of a mutinous Sea. Exercise the vivacity of your wit. In a vast Ocean of affairs , he hath liv'd as fishes , who keep silence within the loud noyse of waves , and preserve their plump substance fresh in the brackish waters . He sheltred himself with subtilties , as a Hedge hog with his quils . To behold , ( as in the glasse of a bright mirror ) on the one side — on the other — As soon as break of day drew the Curtain of Heaven — Virginity is as redolent Balm , which ascends to Heaven in a perpetuall sacrifice . Religion is the hive where the hony of good Doctrine is made . He put them in the furnace of tribulation to purifie them . O what may not depraved love do , since sincere amity cannot avoid suspition ? — Comforted with the sweet rays of this bright day-break . — Which hath been sufficiently declared by the sequell of his deportments . She had not so much hony , but withall a sting . — He so breath'd the air of ambition , that — To as little purpose as to cast chains into the Sea , to tie the Ocean in fetters . It was but dust he bare in his hands , blown away by the wind of presumpti●n . She sent it as an earnest of her comma●d . — He returned amply laden with victorious palms . — He went daily hunting after change , in the infinity of forbidden loves . I shal● offer my homage at your Altar . Ponds that are seldom scoured , will easily gather mud ; So — Your heart is the Altar of love , and seat of friendship . Upon my Virgin heart I 'le build a flaming Altar to offer up a thankfull sacrifice for his return . My heart shall know no other love but his . Let Venus speed his plow. He received it at her hands with more content then Paphos Queen did the golden fruit . Let patience conduct thee out of this stormy sea into a more quiet Port. How canst thou be a stranger to my purposes , that art the Treasurer of my secrets ? That I may disperse those terrifying clouds , that threa●en shipwrack to my desires . To ●east his eyes , and to paradise his heart with the beloved sight of his all-admired and affected mistress . His muddy-clouded affection eclipsed the Sun-shine of her far more glorious worth . Casting his eye ( the Messenger of his heart ) upon — Seest not thou these Trophies erected in his honor , and his honour shining in these Trophies ? In vain it is to water the plant , the root being perished : or to — I here vow repay to the debt of my error , with the interest of all my endeavours . — I will not adventure my fortune upon the rock of this hazard . My business ( Lady ) is your vvill ; my suit , your service ; your service , my chief desire ; and my desire , your favourable contenance . Your suit shall n●t be non ▪ suit . They knit two hearts in one , and parted one will in two , and so departed . During these Halcion dayes , — ●e ●ailed in a ship with●ut a stern . Happy in my self , because happy in you . — Sailing with as many contrary thoughts , as E●lus sent out winds upon the Trojan Fl●et . He saw the cloud a farre off , before the storm fell . She ( great with child with the expectation of her friends welfare ) longed to be delivered with the notice of his health . I cannot use many words , where every vvord wounds me with a new carefull conceit , and every conceit kils me with a fearfull doubt . He set up the main sail of his obscured glory , in the wind of her mill . Who ( smoothing the angry furrows of his discontment ) seemed — She gave fire to his fancy . What ominous cloud shadows the brightnesse of this second Sun , that she appears not in her all-admired glory . — His wasted words died in their own sound , and all his hopes were utterly shipwrack'd . — She gave fuell to his enraged will , and blew the coals of his displeasure . Her restraint is ( I fear ) like fire raked up in embers , that covertly will kindle , and openly burst forth into a flame . — He ( whose senses held now a Synod ) vvas driven to such an exigent , that ( not knowing how to avoid the Check without a Mate ) vvas perforce forced to — My Fortunes admit of no such Soveraignty . Who , swelling vvith irefull disdain ( like the disturbed Ocean ) breathed out dire●ull rerenge . — He craved pardon till the infancy of his weak merit were grown stronger in better deserts . That I vvrite to thee , may be thy glory , and that I love thee , let it be thy happiness . If thou wilt live like the King of Bees , seek h●ny at my hive . — Drowning the late flowing streams of his gotten glory in the full Sea of his preterhand haps . His unwished presence gave my tale a conclusion , before it had a beginning . I vvould her injury could blot out mine affection , or mine affection could forget her injury . Reverence and desire did so divide him , that he did at one instant both blush and quake . — Unsealing his long silent lips — Happy in wanting little , because not desirous of much . His countenance vvith silent eloquence , desired it modestly . Beyond the degree of ridiculous . — But I fear I have given your ears too great a sur●et vvith the grosse discourse of that — Restraint of liberty causeth more increase of that evill , for vvhich they are so kept under , then otherwise : See vvhether a Dog grow not fiercer with tying . There is nothing so certain as our continuall incertainty . While there is hope left , let not the weakness of sorrow , make the strength of it languish . More determinate to doe , then skilfull how-to ▪ doe . Under the leave of your better judgement , I must say thus much — About the time that Candles begin to inherit the Suns office . — So●times he thought one thing , sometimes another ; but the more he thought the more he knew not vvhat to think , armies of objections rising against any accepted opinion . — Actions worthy to be registred in the Rolls of Fame . Occasions try'd him , and all occasions were but steps for him to climb fame by . — To loose the reins to his own motions . — My selfe am vvitnesse against my selfe of my own imperfections , and therefore will not defend them in me . To a heart fully resolute , counsell is tedious , but reprehension is loathsom . — And thus have you heard my Comedy , acted by my self . To you will I repair , because as my fortune either ebbs or flows , amends or impairs , I may declare it unto you . — Time at one instant seeming both short and long , short in the pleasingness in calling to mind , long in the stay of his desires . He talked with such vehemency of passion , as though his heart would climb up into his mouth to take his tongues office . Upon what Briers the Fruits he laboured for , grew . Idleness is an Ant-heap of sins . But alas , how can speech produce belief in him , whom sight cannot perswade ? I refuse not to make my life a sacrifice to your wrath . Exercise your indignation upon me . If your occasions can make use of my best endeavours , the employment shall be a favour . The hast of the bearer , admits no further liberty to proceed . Your desire is with me an absolute command . Thus far re hath your command and my duty led me . There is no man can better witness it then my self , whose experience is grounded upon triall . I have left nothing unsaid , which enquiry could make me know , or your command required of my duty . Give me leave to digress a little . I offer my weak and imperfect lines at the Altar of your favour . — Rapt with the wonder of your vertues . — Under the shadow of your favour . Silent admiration was the sole Orator of my affection . How much those lines ( sweetned with your Character ) have transported me , my endearest thoughts cannot impart unto you . Be it your goodness to beleeve me , I will sooner cease to live , then — — Him , who will hold himselfe unworthy of that life , vvhich shall not be employed to serve you . Your zeal to goodness assures me . No line can limit my love ; no distance divide my heart . — she appeared an Adamant to my fancy . As those easie errors ( which too deservingly bred your distaste ) may be redeemed by a fuller surplusage of content . Be it your piety to have mercy . Thou bringest hearbs to Jarak . i. Coals to Newcastle . Lines cannot blush ; so as modesty admits a freedom to my pen , which would be taxed immodesty being delivered by the tongue . She made me ( though most unworthy ) the master of her desires , that vvas , and still am , a servant to her will. — He ( vvhose smallest sails of hope , the least winds did blow . ) — After he had stretcht and tentred his wit , and set all possibilities on the rack of his invention . And longer may not I enjoy what I now possess , then you shal find my promises full laden with rich performances . And as I only breath by your favour , and live through your love ; so will I ever owe you sealty for the one , and still do you homage for the other . He read her discontentment in the deep Characters of her face . The angry Ocean swelled not , as he seemed to storm . The Imperious Mistres of my enthralled heart . To imprison in silence . How great soever my businesse be , it shall wilingly yeeld to so noble a cause . At that time ( when he thought the ship of his good fortune sailed vvith a prosperous wind towards the desired Port ) a contrary chance raised up in this calm Sea , such a tempestuous storm , that he feared a thousand times to see it sunk . — She vvho till then seemed to be a miracle of beauty , did now appear to be a monster of uglinesse . If you will raise me to that height of happinesse . They gave him the Parabien of his safe arrivall . Vouchsafe me your pardon for presuming , and your patience in accepting at my hands this — — This partly ( if the great arrerage of duty and thankfulness which I ow you , do not challenge priority ) hath moved me to present — I dare not give sail into the Ocean of your vast soul , vvhich is capable of all things from the highest to the lowest in perfection . Like a man whose heart disdained all desires but one Which authority ( too great a sail for so small a Boat ) did — He made his eyes quick Messengers to his mind . Betwixt her breasts ( vvhich sweetly rose up like two fair mountainers in the pleasant vale of Tempe ) ●ere hung — At vvhich the Clouds of my thoughts quite vanished . Blushing like a fair morning in May. Do you not see that this is a sallet of wormwood , vvhile mine eyes feed upon the Ambrosia of your beauty ? Here I make a full point of a hearty sigh . This promise bound him Prentice . He thought so much of , — that all other matters were but digressions unto him . ( Not spoken by Ceremony , but by truth ) — I am too unfit a vessel , in whom so high thoughts should be engraven . Thus was the riches of the time spent . Despair is the bellows of my affection . — As if his motions vvere chain'd to her look . — Whose name vvas sweetned by your breath . Most blessed paper , vvhich shall kisse that hand , vvhereto all blessednesse is in nature a servant , do not — ( Beautifying her face vvith a sweet smile . ) — Humbly besought her to keep her speech for a vvhile vvithin the paradice of her mind . If in my desire I wish , or in my hopes aspire , or in my imagination feign to my self any thing — — With all the conjuring vvords vvhi●h desire could endite , and authority utter . ( A new swarm of thoughts stinging her mind ) — Vouchsafe ( onely height of my hope ) to — I desire that my desire may be weighed in the ballances of Honor , and let Vertue hold them . — More or lesse according as the Ague of her passion , vvas either in the fit or intermission . His sports vvere such as carried riches of knowledge upon the stream of delight . Then she began to display the storehouse of her desires . — Perceiving the flood of her fury began to ebb , he thought it policy to take the first of the tide , — — ( Making vehement countenances the Ushers of his speech ) began — Hide my fault in your mercy . I 'le centinell your safety . Your words to me are Acts , your promises are Deeds . You wrap me up with wonder . Can your belief lay hold on such a miracle ? Her mind ( being an apt matter to receive what form his amplifying speeches would lay upon it ) danced so pretty a measure to his false musick , that — — Clouded with passion — Never did pen more quakingly perform his Office , never was paper more doubly moistned with ink and tears , never words m●re slowly married together — Fearing how to end , before he had re●ol●ed how to begin . — — Having the cold ashes of care cast upon the coals of his desire . — House . The seat Nature bestowed , but Art gave the building . It was hard to say , whether pitie of the one , or r●venge against the other , held as then the soveraignty in his passions . — 'T was a Magnes stone to his courage . His arm no oftner gave blows , then the blows gave wounds , then the wounds gave death . — Her hand ( one of the chiefest of Cupids firebrands ) — By the foolish Idolatry of affection . — ( When the morning had won the field of darkness ) I 'le sooner trust a Sinon . 'T is now about the noon of night . ( Too mean a Shrine for such a Relique . ) — — Carried by the tide of his imaginations — But when her breath broke the prison of her fair lips , and brought memory ( with his servant senses ) to his naturall office , then — I pray God make my memory able to contain the treasure of this wise speech — Her arms and her tongue ( Rivals in kindness ) embracing — Whilst the Roses of his lips made a Flower of affection with the Lilies of her hands . Your will ( directress of my destiny ) is to me a Law , yea an Oracle . She incorporated her hand with his . Then ( as after a great tempest ) the sky of her countenance cleared . As in a clear mirror of sincere good will , he saw a liv●ly picture of his own gladness . — In my mind ; as yet a Prentice in the painfull mystery of passions , brought me into a n●w traverse of my thoughts . I have not language enough to fadom the d●pth of your vertues I 'le reare a Pyramis to your memory . My want of power to satisfie so great a debt , makes me accuse my fortunes . Such endearments wil too much impoverish my gratitude . How can I commit a sacriledge against the sweet Saint that lives in my inmost Temple ? I am too weake a band to tye so heavenly a knot . The greatnesse of the benefit goes beyond all measure of thanks . While she spake , the quintescence of each word distilled down into his affected soul . Departing , he bequeathed by a will of words , sealed with many kisses , a full gift of all his love and life to — Having with a pretty palenesse ( which left milky lines upon her Rosie cheeks ) paid a little duty to humane fear . — — You , whom I have cause to hate , before I have means to know . I will not die in debt to mine own duty . — She , in whom nature hath accomplish'd so much , that — Imagine , vouchsafe to imagine — His fault found an easie pardon at the Tribunall he appealed to . — O my Dear , — ! said she , and then kist him , as loath to leave so perfect a sentence without a Comma . — Dearly purchasing the little ease of my body with the afflictions of my mind . I am not Oedipus enough to understand you . All things lye levell to your wishes . They began to imp the wings of time , with the Feathers of severall recreations . — When my wishes be at anchor in so secure a haven . You are the Life and Being of what I onely esteem happy . ( For the Heavens had made this the Rendezvouz where his misfortunes should meet ) — It is a fit soyl for praise to dwel upon . Thus great with child to speak — You ( the secretary of all my thoughts ) — Which ( as the Pole-star ) is ever in motion , but never setteth . — This is no Benefice , but a Malefice , a golden snare , a Carcanet of Medaea , a Trojan Horse , which will produce Arms — He went like a Torrent , whither passion transported him , and where the blast , of Ambition breathed . — More fruitfull in strong imaginations , then Religious in choyce of words , and polished in periods . Your words are full of cunning , your cunning of promises , your promises of wind . He is a Phaeton of pride . I 'le bosome what I think . She was the object of his thoughts , the entertainment of his discourse , the contentment of his heart . My happiness being in the wane , or my misfortune growing towards the full . From a Window he sent his soule unto me by his eyes — I remain impossibilited to do otherwise then — That so I may be raised from the ground of my misery to the heaven of my desire . — Esteeming more this instant of glory which I enjoy in seeing you , then any other happinesse saving that which is eternall . To deny me this favour , and give me my death , is one and the same thing , To wander in the America and untravelled parts of truth . He led our expectation into thoughts of great relief . Whetting his tender wit upon the sandy stone of her edging importunity — Let purpose be made servant to more apt opportunity . — Him , with whom compar'd , I am less then a shadow . — If I should expatiate upon this subject , I could not be held a flatterer , but rather a Suffragan to Truth , The onely Quint-essence , that hitherto the Alchymie of wit could draw out of — — But then , as though he had been suddenly ravish'd with divine afflation , and struck into a transport , he swears — We utterly conde●n and renounce ( as Atalanta's Apple , which retards the Race ) that unseasonable and childish humor of accelerating early pledges of new works . Bacon . — Rendred in an equal felicity of expression , to — It comes in , but Ex obliquo — — He died ( Sicca morte ) his own naturall death . — Forcibly carried away ( I know not by what Fate , against the bent of my own Genius ) to — Fortune hath somewhat of the nature of a woman , that if she be too much wooed , she is the further off . You out-shot me in my own Bow. Many strange and absurd imaginations cam● into his mind , and peopled his brain . Pardon my rude expressions , extorted from me by the nature of the matter . — This is indeed a service , whereunto I acknowledge my self able to b●ing more zeal and good affection , then any other abilities . ( Till these late years of frenzy ) — So we may both redime the fault passed , and with the same diligence provide against future inconveniencies . That every one may understand , I seek not to balk any thing by silence , or to cloud any thing by words . Bacon . Your bounty ( like a new Spring ) has reviv'd the Autumn of my years . — It took me up little more time , then Nature uses to bestow in the production of a Mushrome , a day and a night — — When this succeeded not , I travelled in my mind over . Thus like Noahs Dove , vvearying my self with flying up and down , and finding no rest for the sole of my foot , I was at last forced to — Cressy . What a world of inavoidable inconveniencies did presently throng into my understanding ! To bury a Fly in a Sepulcher of Amber . My desire to see , took away my sight , as it fares with those who are suddenly taken with a killing beauty , or gaze upon the Sun , Herb. Travels . — I plead guilty to unworthiness , and all the imperfections you can throw upon youth or hast . None can think so ill of me , as I do of my self , the rather that your pardon may flow freely , and work a kind of miracle upon me , in raising my dead thoughts to life . — Discovering my self nakedly , to my very thoughts . Be pleased therefore with your naturall benignity , to admit into your peaceful solitude this — ; a blessing which the Author ( alas ! ) dares not promise to himself , since by himself he is judged unworthy , and by others incapable of it . Cressy . I 'le rather doubt an Oracle , then question what you deliver . I will lead you through no more extravagancies , lest your intreated patience turn into exotick passion . Herb. Trav. You have endeavoured to make A. the Foyle , that should set off your brightness , and yet you prove but the cloud that darkens his light . To sail in the Aegean Sea. i. to be incumbred with difficulties . He ( being a man of an early , as well as an implacable malice ) did — A. was an Actor in that Tragedy , yet laid the blame on B. as the Cuckow lays her brood in other nests . I will at length put an end to this tedious ( but that it is so necessary ) a discourse — This ( if passion and interest doe not interpose ) will satisfie — In the strength of this wel-meaning , and holy kind of Error , which he incur'd ( if any error may well deserve so indulgent a name ) he did — — Driven too too hastily on by the impulse of a kind of inordinate humility . Sir. Tob. Mat. Preface . This which I promise shall be performed ( upon the price of being otherwise accounted an Infidell ) — Let me thrive as my intents are honest . When I compared that kind of descant with my plain song , I found — Such who have been cast over-board from Grace , into the storm and tempest of a sinfull life , may yet , &c. Intellectuals and morals , I count but as the simples of the soul . — To such ( if any be ) I heartily wish a procul it● . In these times ( wherein the Tongue and Presse assume so luxurious a latitude ) — He came ( as the Italian says ) a buóna luna , in a good hour , or happy time . A Cavallo a Cavallo . In post hast . Give me leave to fear ( and I heartily wish , that it may be a causlesse and mistaken fear ) that such — For divisions ( I speak it with depth of sadness ) he need not — — Taking this result of — as an opiate to allay the fumes of all our distempers . Montagu . — Carried away with the Whirlwind of Ambition — It did ( after the manner of the Tartars bow ) shoot back from whence it came . Bacon . The amazed Sun hid his face behind a mask of clouds . Be not too indulgent to your folly . I cannot cloath my thoughts in better language . The nights black mantle overspreads the sky . Your language is more dubious then an Oracle . — Then , when the Morns fair cheek had not yet lost her tears . Words are airy shades , they are deeds that please . Your heart is not confederate with your tongue . Night clad in black , mourns for the loss of day . The face is the Index of the mind . I am but coffin to my cares . As not by my assent , so neither by my silence , must I have any hand in the Midwifery of so monstrous productions . I will out-toyl the day for your content . I liftned for that string , and you have touch'd it — ( Affairs being drawn to the very dregs of malice ) — They are divided to so high a rivalry , as — By exquisite methods of cunning and cruelty , I must be compelled first to follow the Funerals of my honor , and then be destroyed . Icon. Basil . I am content so much of my heart should be discovered to the world , without any of those dresses or popular captations , which some men use in their Speeches and Expresses . The highest tide of successe set me not above a treaty , nor the lowest ebb below a fight . A little leven of new distast , doth commonly sowre the whole lump of former merits . Bacon Hen. 7. These lines ( the weak and feminine issue of my sick and distempered age ) — Bp. Londons Legacy . But above all remember ( and let this be still rivited in your thoughts ) the time — A Christian mans care ought to begin and end in the circle of himself . Tu tibi primus & ultimus . Give me leave to unbreast the secrets of my thoughts to you . He undertakes to correct Magnificat . — The Fates of whose House they seem with great affection to espouse , and think with their bladders to buoy up his sinking ship . Nahash redivivus . With unblushing importunity . Sooner shall the Seas ebbing and flowing forsake the Moons course , then — But ( the better to enliven our discourse with examples ) My understanding's not so fraught with prejudice , nor acquainted with uncoth evasions , as to — — The trees are widowed of their leaves . — That Ember-week-fa●e of thine . Passed over , like great King Xerxes in a Sculler Thou bringest straw to Aphraim . To doubt of — is an effeminacy of belief . Ex abundanti amoris , out of the surplusage of love . — Sucking her sweet breath , determined in hims●lf there had been no life to a Camelions , if he might be suffered to enjoy that food . A little wealth shall suffice to put me in — safeguard against the accidents ●f a necessitous life . ( Surfeting in the pride of his 〈◊〉 content ) If I satisfie you I satisfie my selfe , desiring the one , because I wish for the other . The promise is great , but the performance shall be no lesse . His rudeness was interpreted plainnesse , though there be great difference between them . I will not leave a mark in my selfe of an unredeemable trespass . I with as much confidence as necessity , flye to you , who have always had your determinations bounded with equity . The abortive issue of my wit. — — That moves not within the Zodiack of my expectation . It hath turn'd my cordials into corrasives . — Seeing the glory of this sun to obscure the lesser lamp of his reputation . — Which alone was the center of her felicity . — Sealed by your solemn protestation , which is the non ultra of assurance . This is a syllogisme of the fourth figure , absurd and ridiculous . Get thee to bed , the casements of thine eyes are shut , imprisoning their dear light . Heaven has made your memory too humble thus to record your creatures service . — Protesting that the period of his obedience should be the end of his life . — Which the unseasonable sins of these seasons , make so seasonable . — Men , who leave the fountains of the living waters , and take themselves to cisterns of their own digging . I have by diligent search found ou● Ariadne's thread , to winde you out of the perplexed mazes of a subtile Daedalus . — Your eyes ( though now perhaps dimmed with ignorance , or bloud-shorten with passion ) shall plainly discern — — He left the rude lump of his begun projects to be licked over with the industry of — I have sacred this offertory of my thoughts to you . — Persons , whom the conscience of their guilt hurries on to despair . If the happy Daemon of Vlysses direct not the wandring Planet of my wit within the decent orb of wisdom ( my stammering pen seeming farre overgone with superfluity of phrase ) yet — — As delightfull as the delays of parting Lovers . Gond. Many months are now past , since my heart hath increased the number of your vassals . Strat. I speak this , but en passant . To finish the Sacrifice of your intemperate cruelty . — My pen hath been redundant , as to due measure , but very scanty as to the matter . When corruption of manners had ravish'd away the worlds virginity , and turn'd men from fervently devour in to a churlish and penurious tepidity ; then was it . — Though your goodness rejects no emanation of a grea● affection , yet — — Which are the Passe-temps of your severest hours . — I had rather your vertue should blush , then my unthankfulness make me ashamed . D. Taylor . I●structions for writing and addressing LETTERS , IN writing of Letters there may be four things regarded , the Invention ; the Fashion , or inditing ( as we call it ) ; the Hand-writing , and the Orthography ; though the two first are most considerable . Invention ariseth from your business , whereof there can be no Rules of more c●rtainty , or precepts of better direction given , then conjecture may lay down of the severall occasions of all mens particular lives and vocations . But sometimes men make business of kindness ; As , I could not satisfie my self , till I had discharged my remembrance , and charged my Letters with commendations to you . My business is no other but to testifie my love to you , and to put you in mind of my willingness to do you any service : Or , have you leasure to descend to the remembrance of that assurance you have long had in me ; and upon your next opportunity to make me happy with any imployment , you shall assign me , &c. or such like words , which go a begging for some meaning , and labour to be delivered of the great Burden , Nothing . When you have invented , if your business be matter , and not bare form , not meer ceremony , but of some concern , Then you are to proceed to the ordering it , and digesting the parts , which is sought out of two circumstances : One is the understanding of the reasons to whom you write ; the other is the coherence of the matter ; for mens capacity and delight , you are to weigh what will be apprehended first with greatest attention and pleasure , what next regarded & longed for especially , and what last will leave most satisfaction , & as it were the sweetest relish & memorial of all that is past in his understanding to whom you write . For the consequence of sentences , you must see that every clause do as it were give the cue to the other and seem to be bespoken ere it come , order & coherence in writing being that fire of Prom●theus , without which all our works would appear inanimate . Now for Fashion , it consists in four qualities of your Style . The first is Brevity ; For Letters must not be Treatises or d●scourses , except it be amongst learned men , and even amongst them there is a kind of thrift and saving of words . You are therefore to examine the clearest passages of your understanding , and through them to convey the sweetest and most significant English words you can devise , that you may the easier teach them the readiest way to another mans fancy , and to pen it fully , smoothly , and distinctly ; so as the Reader may not think a second view cast away upon your Letters . In eff●ct , th● goodness of words is , as the foundation of all Eloquence ; and he said well , who compared them to garments , that were invented for necessity , yet did also serve for ornament . But though respect be a part after this , yet must I here remember it . If you write to a person , with whose condition and humor you are well acquainted , you may be the bolder to set a ●ask to his brain . If to your superior , you are bound to measure in him three further points ; First , your Interest in him ; secondly , his capacity of your Letters ; thirdly , his leasure to peruse them . For your interest , or favour with him , you are to be the shorter or longer , more familiar or submiss , as he will afford you time . For his Capacity , you are to be quainter , or fuller of those reaches or glances of wit or learning , according to his comprehension ; For his leasure , you are commanded to the greater brevity , as his place is of greater discharges and cares . With your betters , you are not to put Riddles of wit , by being too niggardly of your words , nor to cause the trouble of making Breviats , by writing too copiously , or wastingly . Brevity is attain'd upon the matter , by avoiding idle complements , prefaces , protestations , long Parentheses , supplications , wanton circuits of Figures , and digressions , by composition , omitting conjunctions , Not onely but also , the one and the other , whereby it comes to passe , &c. and such like particles , that have no great business in a serious Letter ; By breaking off sentences ; as oftentimes a short journey is made long by many baits . But as Quintilian saith , There is a briefness of the parts sometimes , that makes the whole long ; As , I came to the stairs , I took a pair of Oares , they lanched out , rowed apace , I landed at Westminster , I paid my Fare , went to the Parliament House , asked for a Member , I was admitted . All this is , but I went to Westminster , and spake with my friend . Under this Notion somewhat may be said of Periods , which ought not to bee too long , nor yet too short , QVO MAGIS VIRTVS , EO MAGIS MEDIETAS . All vertue consists in a certain Geometricall mediocrity , equally distant from excess and default . Some Writers have prescribed a Period not to exceed that length which a man may well pronounce in a breath . There ought likewise to be a speciall regard had to the cadence of the words , that the whole contexture of the Period may yeeld a certain kind of harmony to the ear ; for Longinus says , The true sounds and tones of Periods may be compared to a great Feast made up of many dishes , The next property of Epistolary Style , is , Perspicuity , which is not seldom endangered by the former quality . Brevity oftentimes by affectation of some wit , or ostentation of some hidden termes of Art , is ill angled for ; few words darken speech , and so do too many ; as well too much light hurts the eyes , as too little ; and a long Bill of Chancery confounds the understanding as much as the shortest note . Therefore let not your letter be pen'd like an English Statute , and be sure to avoid fungous words , and empty inflations ; which may best be done by considering your business , and distinctly understanding your self ; and this will be much furthered by examining your thoughts , and exposing them as well to the light and judgment of your own outward senses , as to the censure of other mens ears . 'T is for want of this consideration that many good Scholers speak but faltringly , like a rich man that for want of particular note and difference , can bring you no ware readily out of his shop . By this means talkative shallow men sometimes content the hearers more then the wise . But this may find a speedier redress in writing , where all comes under the last examination of the Eyes . First , mind it well , then pen it , then examine it , then amend it , and you may be in the better hope of writing accurately . Under this vertue may come Plainness , which is , not to be too curious in the order ; as to answer a Letter , as if you were to answer Interrogatories , To the first , first , to the second , secondly ; But in the method , to use as Ladies do in their attire , a diligent kind of negligence ; NON ENIM ELOQVENTIAM EX ARTIFICIO , SED ARTIFICIVM EX ELOQVENTIA NATVM , says Cicero . And Longinus hath this excellent observation , That Art does then appear perfect , when she can scarce be distinguished from Nature her self . And though with some men you are not to jest , or practise capricio's of wit ; yet the delivery of the most weighty and important matter , may be carried with such an easie grace , as it may tickle the fancy of the Reader , and yeeld a recreation to the Writer , as Plato observes , lib. 6. de Legib. There must be variety , but not excess of terms , as if you are to name store , sometimes you may call it choyce , sometimes plenty , sometimes copie , or variety , But ever so , as the word that comes in . lieu , have no such difference of meaning , as to put the sense in hazard to be mistaken . You are not to cast a ring for the perfumed moding terms of the time ; as to acquiesce , to espouse an interest , to cajole , to incommode , to have a pique against one , &c. but use them properly in their places , as others ; matter & substance being preferra●le before words or form : For as a modern French Author says , the most excellent words without solidity of matter , are no more considerable , then the burst of a Cannon without Ball , which makes a great noyse , but does no execution . Besides , a vain curiosity of words hath so much scandalized some Philosophers , that Seneca ( in one of his Epistles ) says , Had it been possible to make himself understood by signes , he would rather serve himself of them , then of discourse , to the end he might the ●etter avoid all manner of affectation . Whereunto may pertinently be subjoyned those excellent lines of Mr. Hobbs ( in his answer to Sir Will. Davenants Preface ) in these words : As the sense we have of bodies , consists in-change and varity of impression ; so also does the sense of language in variety and changeable use of words : I mean not in the affectation of words newly brought home from travell , but in the new ( and withall significant ) translation to our purposes , of those that be already received , and in far-fetch'd ( but withall apt , instructive and comely ) similitudes . There follows Life , which is the strength and sinews ( as it were ) of your style , by pretty sayings , similitudes and conceits , allusions , some known history or other Common-place , such as are in the second book of Tully , de Oratore . And ( if we may credit Hermogenes ) a moderate interlacing of verse among prose , is not without its gentilesse . But too great a mixture of other languages in your style , some ( and those of the more learned ) have compared to a party coloured coat , made up of severall pieces of stuff ; others to Anacr●ons Swan , which had neither blood , flesh , nor bone . The fourth is Respect , to discern what befits your self , him to whom you write , and the matter you treat of , which is a quality fit to conclude the rest , because it does include the rest ; and that must proceed from ripeness of judgment , which ( as an Author truly says ) is gotten by four ways , by the gift of God , by Nature , diligence , and conversation ; serve the first well , and the rest will serve you . In the close of your letter you must by all means endeavour to come off handsomly , by avoyding those trite and over-worn conclusions , Thus I rest , So I remain , Thus I take my leave , & the like ; and by taking rise from the next precedent matter of your letter , make your subscription appendent thereto . For the Hand-writing , if you attain not to perfection , it ought at least to be legible , and the matter fairly written , and truly pointed , with Comma ( , ) Colon ( : ) Semicolon ( ; ) Period ( . ) Parentheses ( Interrogation ( ? ) and Admiration ( ! ) points , as the matter requires . The last is the Orthography , or true writing of words , which ( though not much valued by some , yet ) I hold a quality so incident to a good Pen-man , that he cannot be said to be perfect in that faculty , without it ; nor do I beleeve that one of ten , even among Scholars , are well skild therein . And of this Orthography , as it were too long to be here treated of , so may I haply give you hereafter some observations thereupon . LETTERS . I. A Letter to revive Freindship in the Son , by remembrance of the Fathers love . SIR , AS worth is not confin'd to place ; so not the affection of friends to presence : your excellent deserts command my respects where ever , your absence drawes these following salutes , as the testimonies of my esteems and well-wishes . In your noble Father I lost a worthy friend , in you I find him again : you no less inherit his goodness , then estate ; this entitles me your neighbour , that makes his loves lineall and sure ; and as neither with decrease , so both to the augmentation of my acknowledgements ; The power of my friend is a shelter and joy , his faithfulness my security , yet I love for worth , not-profit . This name of Friendship I grant is spreadly appellative , but the thing it self as rare in experience , as lowd in vogue . Your fathers love I enjoy'd in calm times ; I prove yours in the tempests of Fortune : My confidence assures me he would not have faild the Test , my triall proves you do not ; a certainty that precludes doubt , and no less obliges my proportion'd gratitude . It were easie now ( Sir ) to say , were you under my Stars , I would be the same I find you ; I would so , nay should hate my self , did I feel but an inclination to the contrary . Yet all this evinces no more , then what you please to believe ; Professions and Performances are not the same ; what I would be , will not surmount conjecture ; your nobleness shews it self in effects irrefragable . I know nothing can make me truly miserable , but my self ; and as well I know and feel in lowring times , how consolatory is the countenance of a reall friend ; such your best self , to whom I shall always subsign my self Sir , A most humble servant , D.W. LETTER II. SIR , A Great Philosopher complain'd , that the Fabrick of mans body was defective ; For ( said he ) Nature should have made a window in the Breast , by which we might look into the bottom of his heart , to see , when he speaks , whether his words be conform to the dictates of his heart , and whether that which we see without , have an uniform relation to that within . Trust me ( Sir ) though I quarrel not with Nature in this kind , yet I wish my Breast transparent , that you might see in what deep characters your affection is ingraven in my heart , and how really I am ( what you ●ave made me ) Sir , Your most faithfull servant , T. B. III. A Letter of Acknowledgement . SIR , I Have long studied an acknowledgment in some sort answerable to your many favours , but Fortune hath deal● so sparingly with me , that ● ( who have most desire ) a● least able to shew my remerciaments otherwi●● , 〈…〉 a course paper present ; yet I wish I 〈…〉 some ●a●ing monument , that migh● 〈…〉 my engagements , w●ereby 〈…〉 might know , that though I had no● 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 , yet I had a heart to be thankfull , which shall always pronounce me Sir , Your most obliged friend and servant , T. B. IV. Another . THough my acquaintance with you , for time & conversation , hath had the misfortune to be but small : yet is my experience of your excellent worths both full and satisfied , even to admiration . With some natures , I confesse , much salt is to be eaten , before judgement can be prudentially setled ; Others like the Sun , or Light , have power to blazon themselves in a moment : This excellency seems to shine in your nobler constitution ; and this commands my so sudden esteem and affections . Sir , you have then a servant , but he wants power to express how much he is so ; If I say , all I am , is at your devotion , 't is not all I am ready to perform , because desire and readiness surpass in me my too much limited abilities . You see then your creature and instrument expects but your pleasure for operation , as far as he is apt , yet some offices he wil● undertake uncommanded , ( viz , ) his daily oraisons for your good , chiefly that which is soveraign ; In which to make him more active , your consent and call , shall be the welcom●st imployment the world can lay upon him . Future occasions may enlarge my expressions ; I shall now content my self , that I have presumed to salute you with these generals , wh●m I have devoted my selfe to honour in all particulars . Now let me thank you for all received favours , for those immerited regards that began my obligations and continue my gratitude ; for your late kind token , which was of multiplied value drawn from the sender●●lf these find acceptance , and their presumption pardon , 't will animate him hereafter not to be silent , that shall live by being , if he may be ( as he would ) Sir , Intirely yours , D.W. V. A Letter to excuse silence . Madam , MY teeming hopes have been fed even with an assurance , that London should e're this have been made happy with your presence , else I had not thus long hazarded the loss of your good opinion by my silence ; since I confesse to owe a debt to your goodness , which all the respect and service my poore abilities are able to perform , can never throughly satisfie . I beg , at present , but a continuance of your favours towards me ; and ( because I know you just ) shall onely expect them hereafter according to the measure of my services , which I have faithfully devoted to your best sel , in quality of , Madam , Your vertues humble honourer , T. B. VI. A Letter from a Gentleman banished the Lines of Communication , to a Lady in London . Madam , IF I could decline the thought of a necessity of being here , and believe this Banishment to be a voluntary retirement , I should account my self extreamly happy ; for here we freely enjoy those felicities so much sought for in London , the fresh air , and singing of the Nightingale ; yet I must confesse I begin to be satiated with these solitary pleasures , not so suitable with my disposition , as the conversation of my friends ; and could willingly exchange the company of Birds and Beasts , for the society of men . But , pardon me ( Madam ) it was not my intention to trouble you with what I do or suffer , or to wish you where I would not be my self ; but to beseech you to retain a memory of me , till I am restor'd to the honour of kissing your hands , a happiness daily desired by Madam , The humblest of your servants . VII . A second Letter of salutation , upon the miscarriage of a former . SIR , I Have addressed my salutes before , but hear they miscarried . The labour to repeat them is not burthensom , yet lest their losse might bring you into susp●tion , that I was as silent as their miscarriage makes me seem , I add these to try better fortune ; in which , if more happy , they know their errand , to present me & my loves to your devotion . If they stammer in the delivery , they best e●press my self , whose expression ( surcharg'd by your deserts ) must conceive more obligation , smother more affection , then I can utter . You can mend both by the clearnesse of a candid interpretation , till both are able to be more articulate and plain ; None can better expound gratitude , then he who most merits it . Sir , I forget not the delights of your ingenious conversations , those sweet ( but too short ) moments of my contents . I remember your ready favors , your reall endearments , I remember all , and for all am thankfull . Will you have more ? More then this you cannot , I am ( what I am ) Very much yours . D.W. VIII . An Answer to a Letter of kindness . Most honored Cosen , THe great measure of content I received at your being here , and since that , the favour to be the unworthy object of your remembrance , makes me even proud of my own happiness . The truth is , I wish no other heaven upon earth , then always to enjoy your presence , that the influence of your many vertues may create in me some kind of goodness . But since there must needs be a separation , excuse it I beseech you if in this homely manner , I present you with the service and best affection of him that is , Most happy in your acknowledgment , T B. IX . A passionate letter of affection . Madam , SInce that very hour , wherein Fortune made me happy in your knowledge , next under God I neither have love , care , hope , nor contentment , but for you : The day yeelds up all my thoughts , as a tribute to your memory , and the night ( which was made to arrest the agitations of Spirit ) never removes the remembrance of you from my heart ; over which , as you have already gain'd an absolute dominion , so shall it yeeld you a constant sacrifice of an affection which shall be permanent , as the Being of Madam , Your most devoted servant , T. B. X. A Letter from a Commander in war to his Mistress . Madam , THough I have lately been brought even to the confines of Deaths Kingdom , yet I reteine so much strength , as to tell you I am alive ; and must crawe leave to renue that ● protestation , which I have heretofore so often made , not to be willing to live but for your service . The scars of war in some sort resemble the wounds of love , since those which I received , have not at all diminished the desire I had to serve my Religion , and these , which you gave me , have increas'd that passion to honor you which reignes within my soul . My hand has not strength eno●gh to write more , and its weakness may serve as a proof of my affection , which shall be always greater then my power , as the effects of my obedience shall ever be lesse , then my devotion to serve you , all days of my life , in quality of Madam , The dearest lover of your best selfe , T. B. XI . A Consolatory Letter . Noble Madam , I Have received your gracious lines , of which I make a Jewel ; because both in themselves good , as also because I take them not to be common . For these are the conditions , that upon most things set a value ; But could those be wanting , yet would they not want a high rate , had they no other vertue , then the coming from you ; If their kindnes to me had bin accompanied with the characters of your own more wished Fortunes , they had by far , been more contentfull : whereas now , as they tell me , I have a friend , they at the same view add , she 's far less happy then I could wish her ; Thus the same syllables make the same thoughts at once , both hapless and fortunate . But , Madam , as the news generall , and your particular , share both in malignity , because both bad ; so I hope yours at least is at the worst , and by sequele upon amendment ; and hopes of better is always a fair point of good fortune , which to make more sure , you to your self will not ( I hope ) be wanting . There was a Phylosopher said , that each one is the framer of his own Fate ; and I am partly of his Sect , at least so farre as I believe no fate so bad , but 't is in the power of the sufferer to make it ( if not good ) better . And so Madam ( I hope ) will both your wisdom and vertue endeavour ; and this by solid grounds and ways , without which the rest will be labour in vain . The task you have set me to this end ( to wit ) my prayers , I both daily have , do , & wil perform ; and if a partner in misfortunes might lessen the burthen , as some have thought , I I cannot be without my part in yours . Nor , wer 't in my power , should your Ladiship be a moment without better comforts . But I leave this sad strain till fitter opportunity , and rest , Madam , Your Ladiships humble servant , D.W. XII . A passionate Letter of affection . My inestimable Jewell , THe long continuance of all things ( my infinite love to you excepted ) does by little and litle decay them ; but 't is my pride , that each grey hair time adds to the affection I bear you ( which again I pronounce infinite ) brings an inclination to a second infinity , and remains the onely excusable dotage now extant , turning my present solitary life to one of much business ; for always to think of you I esteem my business , my faith , my every thing . Your constancy can never find out a greater then mine ; for 't is a vast one , and shall out-last all things about it ; Therefore look that yours be as true marble , as you will otherwise answer the utter undoing of Madam , Your truly , truly , truly , constant servant . XII . To a Landlord in behalf of his Tenants . Most honored Sir , TO move you to justice were in some sort to conclude you guilty of injustice , and to request your pitie in hehalf of your poor and long oppressed Tenants , were to proclaim you hard-hearted against them ; but experience tells me you are free from both , and your own works pronounce your worth . Onely thus much I am bold to beg of you , that the false informations of A.B.C.D. and others of broken credits , as well as Estates , may not take place against these bearers , men of honor and good fortunes , and such as I dare presume will inform you of nothing but truth . In confidence whereof I assume the liberty to subsubscribe my selfe , Sir , Your very humble servant . XIV . A second Letter , upon a late acquaintance . SIR , AFter one Letter ( long since sent ) and often inquiries , I have , at last , had the happiness to hear your safety and health . The Relator had an accidentall view of you , and I a reall comfort . I was once made fortunate by opportunity to enjoy your obliging conversation , and engag'd by your noble endearments , but this lost , almost as soon as gain'd ; so vanishing the chiefe enjoyances of this fickle life , so unlasting those contents we esteem most ingenious and innocent . Sir , I have many ties to be yours , and not fewer misfortunes , that I may not be so as much as I would . But this is a world of crosses , such as , though it hath pull'd many down , yet hath it set others up in the stead . And this must be so , since without a cross we cannot arrive our Crown . However , neither distance of place , nor intervall of time can change those respects to your noble self , that took both root and date from our first enterview . Affection grounded on vertue , must parallell it in content , or be injurious . Your true worth engaged me in ever-honoring esteems , and these I must be unworthy if I recall . Nor are our immortall souls so mensurated to place , but they can meet ; though our duller clay be confin'd to the accident of commensuration ; what they cannot perform by presence , by operation they can ; remain where they live , and be where they love ; in the circumference be dis-joyned , yet united in the center of hearts , which is their life and Being ; and this is God. Here ( Sir ) was our first union , and here , I hope , nothing shall separate : yea each flying moment of time drawes to a more embosoming neerness . Sir , when we parted you enjoyned me to continue you in my best thoughts , This not to remember , I account to forget my self . That I am not banished your memory , one word from your pen , would not onely cherish and confirm , but honor and oblige , Sir , Your most devoted and humble servant , D.W. XV. A Letter to excuse silence , &c. SIR , VVHat to you I know not , but to me it seems long , since my pen presented my respects . 'T is true , I wrote last , but this wil not excuse . Gratitude makes my addresses due ; when you salute , your salutes are pure favours : still oblige , never incurre obligation . If then I have been too remiss , I flie to the Asyle of your pardon ; and to render me more capable of it , give me leave to add this qualif●cation : That not neglect , but fear to be troublesome , caused the intervall . Est modus in rebus — I would observe duty , I hate to be unseasonable : He that can light on the Mean , attains the accomplishment of Office ; he that misses , may mean well , but is guilty of some defection towards an extream . But as that morall Decorum is the beauty of humane life ; so a precise niceness with friends , hath too much of scruple . Seemliness should not be transgrest , yet Friendship is not stern in her Laws . I may be bold with my self , and next with my friend . Whom endearment makes mutuall , love intitles to a latitude of honest action . o Sir , that I bear the stile of your Friend , is the greatest adjunct the world can make me happy in ; I desire no more splendor of honor , no relation to me is so pretious . My request is , it may continue ; my endeavour shall be to deserve the continuance ; not that I presume I can deserve it , but rather , that I hope , not by a voluntary guilt , to forfeit what you freely conferre . Nor wil you easily ( your goodness is too constant ) reject , whom you have ( with so much condescence ) adopted . My resolve is unchangeable , and that is , to be Sir , Ever and most intirely your devoted servant , D.W. XVI . To a Mother . Madam , THis short time of absence make me sensible of that great good which Nature gave me , when she ordain'd you to be the Parent & me the child ; for now I feel my self deprived of those joyes , which your presence was wont to afford me ; now I want those lovefull aspects , wherewith your indulgent eye was wont to solace me . In a word , I want all things , which an affectionate mother did ever bestow upon an undeserving , yet dutifull child , for such is T. B. XVII . A Letter to beg acquaintance . Sir , YOu may wonder at this boldness : but your worth animates it , and the same , I hope , will pardon what it causes . I have often heard of you , and once I saw you ; and by the conversation of a few words , I perceiv'd plentifull evidence , that what I have heard of your merits , was answered in the truth . This your humility may reply was too short a time for experience . I grant it : but not to confirm what both the Good and Wise by report had made credible : the senses should not be deceived in their proper objects ; and Hearing is a sense as wel as Seeing : and ( if it follow the right Rules ) perhaps as little erring ; chiefly if a rationall hearing , to which I have som title by essence . Report the subject ; that you are deserving , the reported ; this aver'd by wise men and good men , yea by all men that know you ; which I must either believe or be irrationall . Sir , the truth is , I am so fully perswaded of this verity , that I am truly ambitious of your more acquaintance ; and that this may be by pen , till more joyn'd aboads afford a presentiall intercourse . If your thoughts answer , no greater obligation can be laid upon Sir , Your most faithfull servant , D.W. XVIII . In answer to a Letter of Complement . Sir , THat I live ( though absent ) thus fresh in your memory , I count my glory , and that you write to me , my happiness ; which favours , that I may seem in some measure to deserve , I address these , not as satisfactory Acquittances ( for such my weak merit , does not aim at ) but as respective acknowledgements , which your greater goodness commands from me . I have now throughly both seen and felt the Bath , and as I find my self nothing ameliorated in complexion of face , or temperature of body ; so is the disposition of my mind to serve you nothing lessened , but does adequately increase , with the obligations of Sir , Your unalterable servant , T. B. XIX . A facetious letter upon sending a Christmas Pye to a Friend . Sir , I Salute you with a poor token , a pastry Bak'd-meat , as a recognition of my gratitude for your noble entertainments ; and not entertainments only , but even harbour in a push of necessity , which I construe to have multiplied the curtesie to many degrees of height . These to requite I confess my self unable , and to forget as unwilling . The mean of both I undertake , that is to greet you with my gratefull and remembring respects : which if you please to entertain in my sense , it shall be interpreted a new added favour , and speak me thankful . Gratefull minds can acknowledge what they cannot retribute , and this is both my fortune and meaning . Sir , that I may be some imperfect Index , or like the Westminster Tomb-shewer , tell who or what lyes here : You have or shall find in the center , a Neats Tongue , empanched by a Goose ; next both tongue and Goose , like the Isle of Candia , swallowed up by the Turk ; Round these , some few other Volatils , as lookers on , and though not main Partizans , yet not unimbroyl'd in the danger , for their curiosity . At last comes fierce Generall Cook , and fortifies all ( as he hopes ) with a strong line of Circumvallation , and having perfected his works , sends the besieged captive to your best appetite , whereto they are left for triumph and conquest . Sir , now were it not for fear of making this our Post-paste over tedious , and coming too neer the heels of time , I could so compare these Animals , or their corps , that there might rise upon their conditions both Emblems and Morals . But this saceteness I will leave to your self and good company , to recreate and abetter your digestion with . What I chiefly desire to hear in this point , is , that you have been merry in parting the fray , friendly accepted what was cordially meant : That you have vanquished the cruell Turk , the peevish Goose , the betrayi●g Tongue , the wild Pouline , the long-nos'd Woodcocks ; yea that you have raz●d the very proud out-works to the ground . This done , I pray , you may conquer your worse enemies , and number me in the Alb● of Your humble servants , D.W. XX. A Letter to excuse silence , and acknowledge past favours . Sir , I Have long done you the service , not to trouble you with my lines , but durst no longer pursue this method , lest it might degenerate into the semblance of neglect . It ver●ue ( for her better practice ) be enthron'd twixt two extreams , writing ( as an act of vertue ) must also keep due distance with them ; neither lean to importune frequency without leave , nor be benumb'd by the Lethargy of Omission . And you , whose favours have always engaged me yours , will believe my aimes have no other end , then to be so , as well in forbearances as actions ; provided I fail not as your votary ; a crime I should hate my self to think I could be wicked enough to commit ; and am sure I never yet was . Sir , you have , I know , received my former Letter , and dained the civility of receiving from it my humble gratitudes , for the liberalities it acknowledged . This wil not so far encroach upon the Office of my better expressions , as to repent that duty , but must again and again pronounce me Sir , Your gratefull servant , D.W. XXI . A Letter of thanks , &c. Honored Sir , I Have received your friendly Letter , and ( by Proxie ) your bounty : I am obliged by both , yet am by you debar'd , by pen , to answer either . You fetter me in the limits of ten lines , and these too must be silent of your self , the best subject ; I could observe your number , and yet be tedious , did I write short hand , or would I imitate the Lawyers length of a Chancery Bill . But I will not force a double sense on your sincerity ; What you will not have in paper , shall warm my br●ast , those gratefull thoughts , and unfeigned devotions , that vow and maintain me Sir , Your ever most affectionate servant , D.W. XXII . To a Lady upon her weaving hair-bracelets . Madam , LAst night when I found you in a pretty harmless employment , weaving hair-bracelets , you commanded me to make you some Poesies for that purpose , which I told you was a work fitter for Poets and men of wit , then for me , whose Cabinet enshrineth no such Treasure ; yet ( Madam ) that you may see what a supremacy of power you have over all my faculties , I send you these inclosed ; if any of which prove worth your use , the composure must be ascribed to the vertue of your commands , rather then to any skill of mine , which as I disclaim to have , out of a just sense of my own imperfections ; so must I always subscribe my selfe ( out of a like sense of your worth ) Madam , Your most devoted servant , T. B. Qui est tout de Coeur ; n'a point de langue . Qui dedit : se dedit . ( Nec fallit nec fallitur . A se convertitur in se . ( Vnus : una : unum . Wear this ( dear heart ) and prove as true In faith to me , as I to you . This gift shall tell you , that I do Love you alone , and none but you . No heart more true , Then mine to you . Cupid has bound me by this band , To be your servant at command . I find it true , since you are gone , That Love makes perfect union . XXIII . A Letter complaining of Absence . Madam , IF I could find out words to express the language of my heart , I should then be able to demonstrate how little I enjoy my self , whilst I am absent from you , in whom all my joyes and all my felicities are so wealthily sum'd up ; that as I live by none but you ; so , were it as much in my power as desires , I should never be absent from you ; But since Fate hath thus decreed a separation , I beseech you let nothing make you forget him , who always remembers you , in quality of Madam , Your greatest admirer , T. B. XXIV . In answer to one that congratulated an arrivall in the Countrey . Sir , THat you congratulated our well-coming to G. was so necessary for us , and so great a mark of goodness in you , that I believe without your good wishes , we had taken up our quarters on Saturday night in the Forrest , where we were benighted ( a sad thing to think on ) and lost our way ; But being ( as I say ) arrived here , by the help of God , and your good wishes , I find little subject for envy in our enjoyments , not a Deer being left in the Park , nor a Kid in season , ( unless a woodden one ) nor a Walk dry enough for a Spanish-leather shooe ; and I am sure you will not envy us a little fresh air , since we have paid so dear for it , by the fatigues of a long journey . Trust me ( Sir ) these things ( however you value them ) bend my thoughts towards London , and the rather , in respect of your dear self , to whom I am ( by manifold obligations ) An affectionate humble servant , T. B. XXV . Vpon the late Commotions . SIR , HAd not Pithagoras excepted our Terrestriall Orbe , when hee asserted the Orbes harmonious ; this Age had clearly confuted him . For how musicall soever those higher are ; this I am sure sounds nothing but harsh Discords : and so lowd ; that wee cannot but hear them ; so unpleasant , that the dinne discomposes quiet minds . The way to ease our selves is hard , yet not impossible : but what is it ? 't is this , To elevate our abode : To Compose our own interiour . He that enjoyes in time Peace , is not open to extern broiles : they may beat the out side , but cannot enter ; batter the walls of flesh and bloud , but the Citadell of reason is safe ; and if reason sway , wee fly up to mansions indisturbd . We are all Citizens of the lower World , I grant , must wish 't is good ; may deplore it's evills ; Yet our own private welfare , ought to be to us most precious . This were a Paradox with Polititians ( if not well glossed ) and so I allow it ( each part was made for the whole . ) But our Placite still stands : and stands in this : each mortall is nearest to himself . My own preservation , lessens not my contribution to the Publicke ▪ must I bee , or I cannot be able ? I must be able , or I cannot aid it . Of Aides , there is more then one sort . All were not fram'd for the same function , or influence . The Martiall blade , and bullet has it's office ; so policy military ; these we leave to the sons of Mars . Yet we have our duty too , and this is piety . Piety first calmes it's own lares ; then becomes instrumentall to others reconcilement . When heaven sees mee at peace within , I am approved , fit to pacify . To complain of exterior commotions , and my self to be torn by the disorder of my own Passions , is an improper address , a mediation ineffectuall . It was well dream't by Scipio , when he said ; as the intelligences guided ( by a regular Order ) the upper Spheres ; so ought our intellectuall powers govern our own little World. Where the superiour portion of the soul obeys the divine Lawes , and the part irrationall acquiesces to the mind ; ( in the mind ( and all man ) resounds a harmony far surpassing Pithagorean accents . Ah! ( my friend ) were mentall and private tumults appeas'd , the civill would cease , and whilst these ( with you and I ) are setled , the civill cannot annoy us . A compos'd soul miseries may try , cannot disorder . Whilst others , then fight for earth , and purple it with native bloud ; let us aspire higher enterprises : pray for their peace , secure our own . Let us fix our thoughts where ambition reaches not , where War embroiles not , where tranquillity eternally triumphes . Thus shall we offer our selves a piacular sacrifice before the high Altar of God , in our own condition acceptable , in alien behoof not despised . The incessant vowes , of Sir , Your most devoted servant , W.D. XXVI . ANSWER . SIR , YOu have given us , ( who are indeed Terrestriall Cosmopolites ) most excellent prescriptions , for the composure and regiment of the inward man in these times of fluctuation , whereby those that are at War within themselves , may know how to seek , and where to find a lasting peace , a peace with truth and endles repose , and those that are at peace may learne how to settle the soules Militia in an unconquerable posture of defence against the Common enemy ; In a word there 's a volume of rich Apothegmes abridg'd into the compendium of your letter ; heavens make my breast a fit repository for such treasure . But in conclusion you evidence the vertue of self-abnegation to be one part of the Cargazon of your ship ; For you still work with the old Perspectives , by serving your self of a diminishing Glasse , when you mention your own perfections , and of one , that multiplies , when you make the mole hills of your friends qualities ( if any were ) to seem mountains . Alas ! what is my plain song , if compared with your heavenly descant ; Majores majora canunt - It must content mee to contemplate you in a higher Orbe , whilst I ly mudling here below , even Sir , The humblest of your servants , T. B. XXVII . To a Lady , upon her leaving the City . Madam , EVer since you left London , all joyes and good fortune have left us , the heavens have not ceased to shed continual | teares for your absence , and Mars has frownd upon all our undertakings , nor can we hope to receive good news or enjoy fair weather , till the rayes and vertue of your presence returne hither , to uncloud the watry element and uncharm the fortune of War. Whilst in this sadnes , I was studying what might render my lines worthy your acceptance , the enclosed arrives with the much wish'd for news of — And if this prove in any measure an Antidote to prevent the contagion of sadder thoughts , which these times are apt to administer , I shall enjoy the height of my ambition , which holds no title in competition with that of Madam , Your humble servant , T. B. XXVIII . To excuse the not taking leave , and to acknowledge received favours . SIR . BEfore I left London I did endeavour to have given my personall attendance upon your noble self , with an address of thankfulnes for your generous favours , and free entertainments ; But this devoir ( by your absenting occasions ) being frustrate ; I am forced upon pen-supply . Wherein yet the most I can express to the purpose , is ingeniously to avow , I owe more to your bounties than I can expresse ; more expressions to your high Worths , then I can make legible . Which defect of Language ( I humbly yet conceive ) you of all ( Sir , ) have most reason to indulge ; since your great merits of mee , and your own self-nobleness , has most put it to silence . Be then above my feeble Oratory , as your endearments transcend my deserts ; 't is praise enough , as you aim not at empty Epithets , so your reall perfections are abundant and natively clear to be their own encomiums . I with admiring gratitude will remember what I cannot utter . Yet ( Sir ) take this unfeigned image of my thoughts ; that from the first houre I received the honour of your acquaintance , I have singularly honour'd your self ; and since you have bin pleased to rank mee in the albe of your servants , and priviledge mee not onely with your friendly familiarities , but also signall favours , I confesse my self bound for requitall of all , as to yeeld to none in my respect , so to be ever ( as I professe I am obliged ) Sir , Your servant and votary . D.W. XXIX . A Ladies Answer to her servants first letter . SIR , THat upon so small acquaintance , you should make mee such friendly and passionate expressions , I cannot but take as a civility , being apt to make the best construction of every ones actions ; yet ( Sir ) that so many moneths should passe in silence , since I saw you , is enough to make me believe your letter meerly complementall ; For these times afford many of your sex , whose pens or tongues can speak one language , and their hearts another When I shall find cause to believe your professions real , I shall set a greater value upon your respect : Mean time civility invites mee to subscribe my self Sir , Your humble servant , V.T. XXX . A Complementall Addresse from one Lady to another . Madam , I Have not so much vanity to think to make a return , worthy the honour I have recieved , nor do I bear so little justice to my own gratitude , as not to witnes my resentment , though great , yet in huge disproportion to your merit , whose vertues and goodnes I hold in equall value with those of demi-Gods : I receive the new assurances of your Ladyships favour , as a blessing sent mee from heaven , which bids me cherish it and live , since I can relish no felicity without it . Indeed ( Madam ) I know not what Sacrifice to offer you for such a bounty ; All hearts are made tributary to your Commands ; yet none with so much obligation , as that of August . Madam , Your servant , E.D. XXXI . The Answer . Madam , YOu may say of mee , as a Cavalier once said of the late Synod , that they had sate long and at length hatch'd a Monster ( meaning the Directory : ) So have I bin long in answering yours , & at length my dull Genius produces this ill-shapd letter : Madam , if the faculty of my pen were correspondent to the devotion of my heart , I could say much , when as now I must be silent ; Yet not silent neither ; For every cast of my eye upon your lines begets a wonder & wonder makes mee break silence ; I have alwayes had your sweet person and vertues in a reverentiall esteem , and now the charmes of your pen have hurld mee into new admirations ; yet not so , as to forget the old , nor at any time to be lesset he● October , Madam , The most humble of your Devotes , A.T. XXXII . A letter from the Author of a book to the approver , Sir , N. B. SIR , THis hand which hath stood so long before your Barr , comes now to accuse it self of a fault by which the Judge must needs have suffered much from the offender , since the soulnesse of the Copy , is like to have tryed your patience , more then the worth of the cause can hope to have recompencd your paines ; Wherefore these lines come before you to offer satisfaction at least to your civility , if they fail of giving it to your judgment , and the course of my life qualifies me better for civill discharges , then for litterate satisfactions ; You shall then Sir , receive by this a return of much sense of your fair and obliging carriage towards mee in the examination of my papers ; wherein I must desire you to consider the whole designe , which aimes solely at morall regulations , and does rather decline then accept any inducements to controversiall doctrines ; if there bee any point so incident to the subjects , as my opinion must needs appeare in some dark light , this may well bee connived at by so ingenious a Judge , as your self , who cannot expect I should dissemble my Principles , though in discretion I was forbid to declaime upon them ; So that I conceive your abilities , will make a due difference , between what may critically be sifted out , and what does litterally professe it self ; and of this last sort , I presume you will find nothing in the whole work , that has an open face of contention or offence ; Wherefore upon your animad versions , I have changed the looks of such places , as had any apparant features of enmity , and have offered you such satisfaction upon the other points , I have not altered , as I hope your candor and dispassionate temper may admit ; Upon the opinion whereof , I shall conclude , that if you have found , in these my meditations , more matter promising good influencies upon the affections of our Country , then projecting any dangerous infusions , you will allow them your contribution to that effect I have singly proposed in them ; In order whereunto my prayers shall intend the suppliment of my pens deficiency ; which the lesse worthy it is of this exposure to the World , the more must it owe your patience and civility for your favour to Your most affectionate servant W.M. XXXIII . Vpon the New-year . SIR . MY present Theme is , to give you the cerimonies ( in real wishes ) of a happy New-year . Nor shall I doubt the effect , since I cannot your Piety or Prudence . No revolution of time can be inauspicious , where these fair pair of twin-virtues are fixt , and in action . Time tells our hours , produces change , but our happines , or infortunes onely from our selves . 'T is vain then to accuse deaf fate , when we are our own destiny , or at least it in our arbitrement . Prudence , ( the eye of our life ) foresees , disposes our affaires ; Piety , our selves . That discharges our devoirs , This guides all events ( prosperous or adverse ) to our eternal ( if it cannot temporall ) felicity . Hence we have a method either to prevent misery , or of turning it into better luck , by being unhappy . Cross chances I grant , are but sower friends , rather to be entertained then invited ; yet 't is too visible none are more wretched , then those that most court fortune . Give mee Indifferency and I 'le bee fortunes fate , and fortunate , maugre her despight . As to time it self , the best description of it , is to employ it well . 'T is a thing of so swift an Essence , that 't is gone before we can think what it is . 'T is the measure of sublunary beings , and proclaimes to us , ( by its height ) how fast wee our selves fade , and dwindle away . The past is no more ours , then frugall usage ▪ has made it so . The future is not ; and so , uncertain whether 't will ever be in our power . What of it we can own is only the present , and this so coy , that if not taken by the sore-top , 't is vanisht , like a Ghost ▪ and leaves us nothing , but cause to repent and gaze . Ah! my friend , how pretious our moments ; on these short Instances depends our whole Eternity . Temporall existence is as fickle as temporall happinesse ; both participate of the nature of time , are fleeting● In this casualty then , let us fix on what is truely durable : above floating ▪ incertainties , beyond temporall lastingnesse . Whilst our minutes fly from us , our selves speed faster towards unchangeable permanency , so we doe in naturall tendency ; but let us by virtue's vigours . Each hour posts away with it's length of our life ; The old year is gone , if ou● imperfections with it , 't was well spent ; if not , there 's the more ne●d we spend the New better ▪ And lest we live not to the end , let 's take advantage of the begining : make that our own that is so . Thrift of our dayes is th' only end to make our selves in time eternally happy . But I fear by this rude Rhapsody of the initiate yeare , I have wasted your hourglass too much , rendring my prayer of your prosperous future , your present Domage ; But pardon , because my subject ( time ) as wel as my distracted capacity fail'd me . Suffice it , I wish you more then I can utter or need perscribe you the way to ; and whilst you are blest , I patrake 31 Decemb. Sir Your happy friend and joy'd servant . W.D. XXXIV . To a Lady , residing in a Town that had lately bin besiegd . Madam , AFter the disquiet of your late Alarms , I am bold to congratulate the re-enjoyment of your wonted repose , which ( had I bin Generall ) no cause nor quarrel should have made me hazard ; since in all things I value your content above my own ; My regard to your safety had bin in such case motive enough with mee , to have suspended the chastisment of that mutinous City . Madam , If ( as I hope and pray ) you are now both free from dis●uietude and from fear ; I have my hearts wish ; desiring ( as you know ) nothing more , then by continued devotion to your self and service ; to purchase at length the esteem of Madam , Your most faithfull servant , T.B. XXXV . To his Lady M ri● , complaining of her cruelty . Madam , TYranny as ill becomes a subject as a Prince , and cruelty is the natural issue of that Monster ; To say your Ladyship is guilty of both in some kind , is a truth undeniable : For ever since fortune made me happy in your knowledge , my affection hath had no Centre , but your breast ; my faith , no fellow ; and my constancy such as can never admit a change ; yet my sighes are unpittied , my love unregarded , my faith and constancy answered with nothing , but your disproportionate denialls ; Nor can I , without wonder , consider , that your Ladyship should be 〈◊〉 all the world so perfectly charitable , to mee so cruell , unles 't were ordained by fate , That the first fruits of my love ( which should be the first step to happines ) must be made abortive by your incompassion . Madam , the more you deny , the more fuel you add to those flames , which ( if not suddenly allai'd by your pittie ) will consume my very being into ashes of mortalitie ; These are Madam , the reall dictates of a heart , that 's wholly ben● To serve you , T. B. XXXVI . A consolatory letter to a Mother upon the death of her first born Honoured Madam , THe sad need a Comforter , and a Soul , in desolation , requires to bee assisted with reasons to bear the cause of its griefs . That you are both sad and grieved , I can no more doubt , then I can be without a share in your passions . That you have many comforters , because friends , many solid considerations from your own pietie and pious wisdome to salve your sorrowes , I am as confident ; Yet as none more tenders your happinesse then my self , so could not I alone be silent in this motive of your teares ; what I would say is , Dearest Madam , be comforted , and this ( were 't in my power ) I would effect . The reason of your sable thoughts , the spring that streames your cheekes , rise I know from the sad accident of your childs death . It was I confess the first image of your likenes , the first bless●●g that heaven honored your body with , the first pledge of nature , the first title you had to be a Mother . And to bee deprived of this , almost as soon as 't was given , could not but find and afford matter both for teares and grief , in a disposition so natural and good . But Madam , there 's a time for all , and a meane also . What could not be denied to your sweetness , must be moderated by your discretion . 'T is true , that sweet infant was yours , 't was your first , 't was dear , and you suffered many dolours , to give it life ; But withall you consider , as 't was yours , so given you by God ; as the first , so more due to him ; as dear , yet could it not be too dear for him that hath it ; Although of painfull birth ; yet that your throwes brought forth a Saint , that your dolours were endured , so soon to enthrone a part of your self among the Angels ; these dolours , these throwes , happily suffered . Those whom God makes Parents , he makes but Nurses of his own children , he lends them to be brought up for heaven : and if hee hath so soon discharged you of this obligation , t is not so much a cross , as a blessing ; Had it lived to mature age , perhaps he saw danger both to It and you : it might have been more cause of grief to you , more loss to it self ; it might have been unfortunate in life , in death unhappy ; 'T is not the being children of either good or great extract , that makes them alwayes either good or happy . And this perhaps God ( that provident Parent of all ) foresaw . Be it so , or not , certaine it is , the bodies but the souls prison , wherein 't is no soner breathed from Heaven , but 't is maculated by this corrupt Earth : and in this , as it longer sojournes , so is it not only debarred of its true happiness & welfare , but also offends its great Creator ; and consequently is miserable . Therefore would God make the cradle of yours , its death bed , that he might hasten its blisse . As he breathed a pure soul into it , so would he again take it before defiled by the actuall blemishes of sin . Had it liv'd , it could have afforded no comfort to your piety , but being in health , prosperity , and pious ; and can it be more pious , then in heaven , more prosperous , then in heavens joyes , more healthfull then in the enjoyance of immortality . O consider , t is now past all danger , 't is freed from all misery , 't is blessed in blessedness , it prayes for you . And can there be any sorrow so great that these considerations cannot consolate ? O what more happy then to be so happy a Mother ; no sooner a Mother , then a Mother to heaven . Nor doubt ( dear Madam , ) but hee that gave you this dear pledge of his love , will give you more , and , as he took this to his own joyes , so will he leave in its stead more to your comfort . This he took to give it as soon happiness as being , and therein to try your virtue and resignation to his will : this as I doubt not but he will find , so may you be confident he will bee bountifull : a sure rewarder , of your patience , a prosperer of your soul , body , and its fruitfulness . But pardon ( most honoured Madam ) my loves redousness ; and if in this unpolishd Consolatory I have errd , let it be as it is loves fault , a fault that your nobleness I am certain will remit . Thus with humblest respects he takes his leave that will no longer bee , then be yours , the daily Petitioner to heaven for your most wished comforts of both Worlds . Madam , Your humble and most affectionate servant , D.W. XXXVII . To excuse the not answering a letter . SIR , THat I have committed so great a Solaecisme in good manners , as to receive two letters from you , without giving you humble thanks for either ; I beseech you ascribe not to any want of zeal to your service ; for in earnest you cannot make me more happy , then in vouch safing mee the honour of your commands , which shall alwayes find as ready an obedience in mee , as any thing that most concernes my own interest ; In the assurance ●●ereof I give you the humble respects of Sir , Yours ad nutum , T. B. XXXVIII . Vpon a Motion of marriage . Dear Sir , I Give you many humble thanks , for your tendring mee a wife , and your good advise in that affair ; I well remember the Counsell of a prudent friend was , not to marry till I were 30 years of age , and then to have a wife ten years younger then my self ; because women ( especially teeming ones ) sooner decay , then men . I have also read , that there are 3 principall motives to a wedded life ; Procreatio Prolis : Conservatio Domus : and Consolatio vitae . Now the gentlewoman you write of , in stead of being ten years younger , I believe is ten years elder , then my self ; and so may be in danger to frustrate the two first motives , by being issue-less . Yet if she have so many fill'd baggs as you mention , it may bee a shrewd temptation : But in marriage , Love ( as you well observe ) is most preferrable , provided there be a competency of fewel ( which is riches ) to keep it warm ▪ Now t is like I might love the Lady you motion mee unto , with an ordinary conjugall love , but perhaps not with an eminent dear affection , and on this subject I remember to have read these old but well meaning verses . Who makes the object of his fancy , gold , Grows cold-in fancy , when his money 's told : And she who faines to love , to live a Lady , Is honors fawn , I know not what she may be . Examples are too frequent in this age of the infelicity of those Matches , which are meerly concluded for wealth , without love : Therefore in this ( as a choise , whereon the happines of my whole life depends ) I shall be very deliberate in resolving , yet ever glad to receive your advise , as being Sir , Your most respective nephew and humble servant . XXXIX . The first addresse to his Mistresse . Madam , THat fear is an individuall companion to sincere affection , and that the heartiest devotions , are brokenly expressed , are Maximes in humanity , and however Errors , yet veniall ; The discreetest love is seldome without some annexed passion , which oft-times fetters the faculties and leads understanding captive ; that which did and justly might deter , doth now animate ; The moon in her farthest distance from the Sun , and greatest opposition , receives most light ; The poorer they bee to whom charity is extended , the greater the merit ; Worth gaines most honour by enobling unworthiness ; Nature never ordaind two Suns to shine in one firmament . I list not to expatiate in this kind . In the discription of your worth this short expression shall suffice ; That would Earths Monarch pay his devotions before perfections Altar , he need seek no further then your breast . To express my devoted affection by deep protests and multiplyed vowes doth nothing please , my Motto is , rather in deed then in word . Till matters be maturely discussed , and the advise of friends on both sides had , I aime no higher then to be enstil'd your servant ; Deliberation ( if in any case ) in this most necessary . I honour you too much to wish you the smallest amiss , though the sum of my earthly felicity depended thereon . My affection is no frenzy ; if my Starrs mean mee not the enjoying of such happiness , I must frame a content . For conclusion , I will only add , that though you may have your choice of many in all points more accomplishd , yet none that shall so truely love you ; My lines are confused like my thoughts ; your milder censure hee persumes on , who truely honours your worth and rests Solely devoted to your virtues . T. B. LX. In answer to an expostulatory letter . SIR , THe receipt of yours brought with it some amazement to see my self almost ship-wrackt in your good opinion , when my own Vessel was full fraught with respect , which I intended to di-simbark at your haven . I am first to thank you , for your plainness and ingenuity in my charge , and shall assume the same freedome in my own acquitall . The story told you by Mr. W. from Mris. P. a womans discourse ( for those I suppose the parties mentioned in yours ) I deny to have been either Author or Promulgator of , and must assure you , that such like , with other volatile reports were here before my return ; yet I must tell you ( since it so much concernes mee ) that I had Commission to make some inquisition in the Country upon a preconceived neglect in you , and other rumours , but do assure you , what I said was with such modesty , and so short of what common fame delivered , nay with such regret to have said any thing at all , that it will hereafter appeare , I have been so far from being disaffected to this your service , that I have run my self into an Oblique opinion elsewhere , for promoting it , and I am confident the young Lady ( when you shall be felicitated with her enjoyment ) will assure you asmuch , nor indeed could I possibly have said less , in performance of that trust which was reposed in mee . Sir , if this give you not satisfaction , I shall be glad to know what may , because I professe to owe you much service , and the more in order to that approaching happiness , which your Starrs have assigned you , whereto no wishes of a happy confarreation shall more readily concurr , then those of Sir , Your very humble servant , T. B. XLI . A REPLY . Lady , TIll I was bless'd with the happy sight of yours I labour'd in a strange perplexity , believing that either the attempt of mine had purchased your disfavour , or otherwise ( by some harder fate ) I had suffered in your good opinion , then which Peru is to mee of lesse value . These feares I must confesse with-held mee till now from a second addresse of service , though not from offering continuall thoughts of respect to your merit , and of perfect obedience to your commands , nor shall I longer live , then breath the air of such devotion , being professedly . Lady , Yours in firme affection , T. B. XLII . IN ANSWER . SIR , I Am ( as you say ) indeed alwayes pleased to accept , what time permits you to write . Your lines please , and cannot chuse , being full of erudition , full of love , and guided by a judgement not vulgar ; And , what ever your time is , your men●all store ●ailes not : what others with many a sc●atched brow cannot invent , you with facility dictate , and as copiously pen ; Then for my acceptance , there 's , no benignity required , but gratitude , and gratitude not common , but such as ought to quadre with merits impararelld . That you daigne to entertain mine but with a superficiall view , adds honour and value , adds courage and alacrity . We see many things carry price , not from innate worth , but the esteemers fancy : So Jewells and other rarities , which humane estimate and not nature , have made pretious : The rule is Opinion ; and if any mans approbation could make my lines accurate ( that is , what they are not ) sooner to yours should I yeeld the efficiency , and with much reason ; for there 's none I approve more . Whilst I am jejune and empty , you are polite , and even upon my deficiencies , raise Trophies to your own Genius ; Thus what I am not my self , I make you , by accident ; So increases a black spot the candour of a blanchd vesture ; So gloomy shades seem to augment the Phaebean radiances , and so are your perfections set off by the foiles of Sir , Your servant , W.D. XLIII . A conceited letter of thanks for favours . SIR . YOu know that I ( with friendship and affection my sureties ) stand already bound to you in an obligation , for requitall of a larger summe of favours , then my poore abilities can any wayes satisfy , yet now you make a large addition to the principall debt by — Till fortune better enable mee , I much beg your acceptance of thankfulnes , which I designe in liew of interest , and ( for you better security ) my Bond renewed for the rest , with the addition of another surety , my service , seald with the privy signet of my love , attested by two witnesses , gratitude and acknowledgment , and subscribed by Sir , Your faithfull servant , T. B. XLIV . In answer to a letter from a dear friend . SIR , OF late my many evocations render mee , as , inconstant in residency , so in my letters and addresses both various and uncertain ; Hence have proceeded ( and a while I fear must ) the languishment of my lines , the alteration of my weekes ; Yet with this added disadvantage , that the more time may seem given mee to write , the less I have to be accurate . I received your last abroad , and am never yet more at home , then where they find mee , or I them . A virtue that ( with mee ) accompanies yours , and yours only . And being it wants a name , let it be a Sympathy : a Sympathy 'twixt you and mee , so charming , that by reading your characters , I draw in my own Idea's ( but abettered and so fall , by an introversion , into my self . By this you may guesse how much you endear your friend ; by so expressing your self his , to make him ( even in the midst of distractions , and fatigues ) his own ; and yet only to own him , to be more yours and Gods. Know then , I am yet free from misfortune , nor enfeebled by any mortall malady , that 's sensible ; Some grudgings of a Caduque being , and the unwholsome seasons effects if I feel , they are but the antecedents of what I am sure at last must follow . But since you stile my sickness , your infirmity , my infortunes , your mishapps , I would be well , to encrease your Vigours ; fortunate to lessen your least bad events . The Heavens influence and their interpreting Predictions now we hear begin to work in your clime ; and as the operation bodens stupendious revolutions , so are we tickled with curiosity to know your changes , and ●y what steps , the main Designes are ascended to ? and what you conceive will be the sequels , chiefly of neerest connexion ? In the mean we will hope and feare ; Two passions that will blend all the fore-casts of humane life . Be carefull of your health that you may enjoy your self in a distracted Age : So shall you bee safe in the guards of your own virtues ; and in the innocency of your life , with comfort consolate your friends . Amongst whom not the least dependent , is ever , 21 April 1653. Dear Sir , Your intirely affectionate D.W. XLV . Vpon a promise to write to one . SIR , THe inconsiderate promise I made to render you my thoughts in writing during this absence , was grounded upon a just sence of my obligations , without the least reflection upon my disabilities for any such performance ; And in this respect I might justly have been disobliged without breach of faith , but that ( seriously ) I had rather discover my imperfections in this kind , then be any waies wanting in my remerciaments , which are much indebted to your many favours : And therefore I send this small tribute , as an earnest of the much greater affection of Sir Your cosen and servant , T. B. XLVI . Dear Cosen , AMong the various contentments , which the Country yeelds in this season , I have met with none equall to that which the receit of your letter affords mee ; for ( trust mee ) I am so ravished with the contents , that whensoever I perceive that sadnes to invade mee , which the want of your sweet presence often begets , I have instantly recourse to your letter for cure . Thus do I honour the lines for your dear sake that sent them , nor shall I ever cease to acknowledge your numberless favours , whilst I have breath but to pronounce mee Your most affectionate Cosen and servant , T. B. XLVII . In Answer to an elegant letter . Sir , WHen I observe the equall facility and felicity of your expression , I loath the rudenes and indigestion of mine , and when I consider the pith and plenitude of your lines , I look upon the emptines and inainty of my own with much indignation : yet though I were not born a Cicero for Eloquence , I am and must be another Achates for affection . If there bee any thing in this World can deserve the name of good , 't is really in the fruition of you ; in and by whom I am so perfectly beatified , that I count my self in a Paradice , when I am gathering the fruits of your presence . Fortune ( in other things less liberall ) hath given mee many friends , and Correspondents , yet none so reall , none so learned , as your self ; I never made so happy a bargaine ( if I may so rudely stile it ) as when I contracted this intertrafique of love , I never hear from you or see you , but I make an infinite purchase of piety , and knowledge , from your weighty lines and solid discourse ; But above all , I have gained ( yet blush to think with how little desert ) in you a friend , whose bosome is an Archive , fit to treasure up the greatest secret , and in whose hands I can repose my life , nay ( which is dearer ) my soul ; O happiness ; happiness said I ? 't is beyond the degree of common happiness ; Such pious condescendings ( where you give pure Gold and receive nothing but dross in exchange ) argue a goodnes in you , beyond the reach of my pen to delineate , which I must content my self , to admire . Sir , you have here the reall dictates of my inmost thoughts , though wrapt up in a homely dress ; for I am as yet hardly entred into the Suburbs of good Language , yet do but pardon these my rude expressions , & I may hope ( by your conduct ) in time to enter that City , where you , by due merit , command in chief . To morrow I am bound for the frigid Zone , yet will assure you , that no change of Climate shall have power to alter or frigidify the affections of Sir , Your devoted servant , and therein most happy . T. B. XLVIII . REPLY . SIR , YOurs , as a suddain joy , have surprised mee . So accort your stile , so pathetike your love , that I am both rapt and enflamed : you could never in better time have made your friendly addresses . They came as cordialls to refresh my exhausted Spirits . I was even spent in dispatches , distracted with unexpected visits of friends . From these , as a reviving refrigeration , I cast my eyes and thoughts on your emphatick straines . In which I am lost ; Can wonder but not reply . In short I am so variously divided this day ; and chiefly for the moments of the Messengers stay , that I have not respite of reply . Before you direct your course , toward the North Pole , I hope to get so much pause , as to be my own , that I may make some suppletory addition . Pardon these extemporaries : what in sense and language is deficient , that affection supplies , which really ever stiles mee Sir , Yours , D.W. XLIX . A further reply . SIR , MY hestern note answered yours , with apology , that I wanted time to answer them ; I promis'd also to be more responsary , and now repent it . My leasure's as interrupted , and second revisings of your accurate lines disanimate . What is most delightfull to view , is as hard to paralell . Sir , the flote of your Eloquence runs high , and where ( by the Art of self-annihilation , ) you would seem to depress your sufficiency , there you most rise ; And indeed skill cannot but by skill be hid , nor perspicuous abilities better blazond , then when most curiously mantled by arted invelopings . You are no Cicero born , 't is confessd , yet I think born to be an English Cicero ; of this , nature has given ripe specimens , and industry as fast polishes , judgement matures . In one letter I trace you flourishing in various figures ; in the property and store of words choise , in c●mposure compt ; in sense acute . Trust mee , I admire , yet cannot envy ; For whilst an Achates in affection , your embellishments are mine . The Accessory ( you know ) in Law follows the Principall , and love makes all common . If then by this inviolable tie we are one , your endowments entitle me joinct owner ; a riches , I prepone to Monarchies . Sir , I were happy did I rightly own the least degree in the litterary attributes you please to give mee ; those of endeared passion I doe ; those of reality I cannot refuse . It is indispensably your claime ; what e're I am or shall be ( that 's commendable ) is dedicated to your loyall friendship ; honour me with belief till I faile . My breast ( as long as the harbour of a heart ) shall be a safe repository ; I was never by ingenerate disposition futile and porous , and with so prudent and embosom'd a friend , I shall not sure begin . Upon secrets I do not wittingly encroach , yet if ( by freedom of a friend ) committed , the gastly terrours of death unlock them not ; He that wants this guist has no challenge to Amities sacred interest . But I am now interturb'd , and my pen ( dear friend ) is snatch'd off , yet first take these votary wishes ; Propitious be your guiding Stars ; inspiring the Muses ; a safe journey ; fortunately our expeditions , and a speedy circuit to your City entertainments and suspir'd retires ; It is almost your peculiar felicity , that , where others are chiefly scattered , you can find or make an improving secess ; An evidence as you are studious ; so you can be , in all places , the commander of your self and houres . Well! my loves , longings and prayers shall accompany this forcd vagary , and with as much joy welcome you home . Interstices locall may divide bodies & abodes ; vinted minds know no separation . Hence wherever I , in my better part , am with you concommitant , and lastingly Oxford 29 Sept. Sir , Yours , D.W. L. ANSWER . SIR , HItherto I have been in a superlative degree , both felicitated by the riches of your presence and enriched by the wealth of your lines ; But I have learnt there 's nothing permanent in this world , otherwise 3 weeks absence from the one and deprivement of the other , would be more afflictive , then words can express ; For in earnest you are to me that fire of Prometheus , without which all my actions seem inanimate , detaine but the food of your favours from mee & I am a meer nothing . Though I am now bound ( as you know ) for the North , yet believe it my daily best thoughts shall steer West-ward , where ( how far soever distant in person ) I leave the hearty affections of Sir , Your faithfull servant , T.B. LI. Answer to a quaint Letter . SIR . WHen will your treasury of choise words be exhausted , when will your fountain of Eloquence be drawn dry , when will your Magazin of rich matter be emptied ? never ; I now plainly see the more you write , the more you have to write , and may ( with reverence ) not ineptly compare your Cranium to the holy Chrismatory of France ; you still take out , yet leave it without the least diminution ; Prodigy of nature ! It fares much otherwise with mee ; I ( if at any time big with words ) fall into a painfull labour , and after many throwes , am alwaies by abortion diliver'd of a thing like a Bear 's whelp , which I can lick into no form . Every Bucket drawn from mine own Well , goes neerer the bottome , the reason is , there 's no springs for repletion of that store ; yet in earnest the influence of your teeming Muse has ( me thinks ) in some measure fertilis'd my siccaneous and Barren soyle . But whether rove I ? Now for News ( which is the primum quaerite of these dayes ) I must tell you , thus — Sir , the length of my letter and this shortest of daies doe not well quadre ; This is the winter Solstice , So is it also the station both of my invention and paper , the first is at a non p●us ultra of matter , the last only affords me roome to subscribe my self 13 Decembr . 1652. Sir , Your vowed servant , T.B. LII . To a Brother . Dear brother , YOurs equally full of love and good Councell came to my hands with no small contentment , since I perceive you interesse your self ( as a very kind friend ) in all things that concern my good , which as I can never forget , so do I ever account my self most happy , when I hear of your progresse in all perfections and good qualities , wherewith to see you accomplished is the passionate desire of Your most affectionate brother , T.B. LIII . To Mr. G. SIR , THis is only to give you many humble thanks for the favour you did mee to the D : If I live not to be able to strike Taleys with you , yet I shall alwaies record your kindnes with a thankfull reminiscence : And though I am blunt in my expression , yet believe it , I shall most willingly in - Gage in any service that may approve mee Sir , Your faithfull servant , T.B. LIV. Another to him in Fustian . SIR , MY last was from Dunstable , and ( though I am in person removed thence yet ) I fear the matter of this may come from thence too , being not as yet sufficiently rudimented , in your Accademy for such susceptions . I must tell you ( with some regret ) that I find , not an Academick ( except the noble Brittan ) in all our voisinage ; so that if we converse at all , it must be with Labradors and such out of whose hebetudinous cerebrosity , we may as soon extract A●rum potabile , as the Elixer of any knowledge ; Their querilous outcry is , that the continuall siccity of this season , ha's inusted all their herbiferous grounds , which mny happily breed a dearth of Aliment , as there is already of litterature in these parts . Thus much ex obliquo , now to the purpose , I hope your late obstreperous Alarmes , have not interturbed the procedure of our noble Authors Miscelany , which is a principall point in my Card. Sir , believe it without some Missive of Consolation from you , the Country will soon put me into a Chagrin , therefore be no longer costive , as you love 10 Aug. Your servant , T.B. LV. ANSWER . SIR , HAving by the inclosed given you some few serious lines , let me now answer your facetious letter ( of 10 August ) with a joculatory line or two ; And first by way of allauding your acuminous Exordium ; but withall of shewing , you imediately mistake the word susception , if you think it can stand in a sober sence for understanding , however in a way of Raillery it may pass . Again rudimented for taught is harsh ; so is hebetudinous cerebrosity . Documented for taught may pass in a serious Line , and plumbious , better then hebetudinous ; for inusted , you should say exusted ; so for herbiferous , frugiferous ; because herbes and plants are the less principall children of the Earth ; whereas Corn and all sorts of grain are the most principall for Mans use ; for so you must mean by the word ( aliment ) that followes in the text of your letter . And by this you see there is a kind of Elegance to be observed in a fustian phrase ; nay I say more , the lepid lines of fustian are lost , when 't is not genuine but strained ; And trust me ( Sir ) I hold it a piece of greater Art to line a letter with proper fustian , then with silken language , especially when friends resolve to be merry by distantiall salutes , your French Chagrin and Spanish Labrador may pass as apposite , because proper to the sense , and nothing strained ; So the missive of Consolation you desire , by way of an amicable observation upon the Text of yours ; And this is what I can sport away , who must rest 17 Aug. Sir , Your fustianizing friend , G.G. LVI . REPLY . SIR , THis brings you humble thanks both for your news and your Criticismes , and though mine of the 10 of August were but panis speusticus , a doghbak'd piece of fustian , wherein I intended nothing ad amussim , yet you must give me leave to make some defence . For Susception I have Rider for my warrant in that sense ; Rudimented I hold to be good and ( according to the new mode of converting Nounes into Verbs ) I purposely avoided plumbeous cerebrosity ( not plumbious as you write it ) as trite and thread bare ; But for your exception to herbiferous , in that you mistake the sense , for the season hath bin of late very good for Corn and grain , which frugiferous includes , and as bad for grass , the Sun having in some places not only burnt the very rootes of it , but has also made strange clefts and impressions in the Earth , therefore I us'd inusted , a word which though not so usuall , as exusted , or adusted yet in this sense I think no less proper , if not in a genuine , at least in a metaphoricall way , and Cattle , that are fed by grass & hay , are a considerable part of our aliment , &c. Sed me reprimo , not at all persuming to enter the Cirque with you in Logomachy or the pugnacity of such disputes , but with submission in all things to your greater judgment , whence I must confess to have received in these my junior years ; a great increment to my smaller portion of knowledge , both by these and other your documentall redargutions , which I alwaies receive with a reverentiall respect , answerable to your merit and the obligation of 24 Aug. Sir , Your very humble servant , T.B. LVII . Rejoynder . Sir , I Do hugely allaud your endeavour to abonar what I had vitiated in my last ; For t is a signe you are Master of what you do , when you can avow it ab ipsis primis principiis , and thereby shew you are as far from being conscious of errour , as you are from being inscious how far you may use the latitude of ●ustianising , without exceeding the limits of modest avowment , per modum inculpatae tutelae , Macte animo mi Thoma , & perge eo quo cepisti pede , &c. Trust me Sir , I shall ( without a blush ) easily yeeld you the advantage of me in logomachy , as often times deep divines do to Logitians in point of reducing Syllogismes to all their possible variations into severall Moodes and figures ; because the one is actually conversant in that perticular , whereas the other depends only upon the habitual use of such figures , without retaining the rule that leads to the rectitude thereof ; So men speak true Latine , without being able to give rule for it , and by this means some times are peccant against the Rule , which every school-boy can correct them in . And truely in this perticular of Logomachy you may and will be able to read Lectures to the deepest of men , because you laudably make it your profess'd study and consequently will make a world of men obliged to you , as well as 2 Sept. Sir , Your servant , G.G. LVIII . An Answer from one sick . SIR , SUch my persent condition , that I receive your letters as sick men do visits , am gratefull , yet cannot returne the curtesie , but by feeble thanks ; In this nature I have now been 3 weeks a decumbent ; This the cause I have already faild in my wonted entercourse , and the same continuate disability must render these , of my own complexion , infirm and faint , yet I beg you will not interrupt your turnes ; For though I am not responsible , yet your lines are much solace and no small divertisement from the sence of my weaknes : What was before but a friendly corespondence , will ( till it please God I mend ) be an office of endearing charity , extended towards him , who is Entirely yours , D.W. LIX . To his Mris , after a long Journey . My dearest friend , I Have bin a long and sad journey , which seem'd so much the longer and so much the sadder , by how much I was farther distanced from your sweet abode , nor had the sadnes of this forc'd vagary any solace at all , saving that of neer 300 miles , I passed no one , without making a Relique of your memory , which had still the vertue to renew all joyes in me , and expell the mists of melancholy , almost with equall force ( so strong was my imagination ) as if I had bin really in your presence ; If you have but bestowed one thought on me for every hundred I have dedicated to you , I am satisfied , believing that no love can come within so many degrees of mine , nor that there 's any state so happy , as that of being Your devoted servant , T.B. LX. Another to the same . My onely dear , THat you may see I forget you not at any time nor in any place , I present you these , and if I seem importune by my frequent addresses , you must pardon me , since I professe to receive no solace in this absence , but what the comfortable entertainment of thoughts on you affords me , and should I but as often put such thoughts in writing , as my heart presents them to my memory , I should be no day , even no houre without a pen in my hand ; And I may well hope , from the excellency of your nature , that you will not leave such faith , such affection , without a just retribution , nor can I despair of your remembrance of me in some propor●●on answerable to mine of you ; so may happiness in the end crown both , and I live eternally Yours , as at first , unalterable , T.B. LXI . In answer to a friend , ill of a cold . Sir , THe next degree to the happines of not having evils , is to have had them : which imports , though not our immunity , yet riddance : & to have overcome annoiance may be better , then not to have suffered it . This since you say , you have bin almost dead of a Cold , congratulates your almost Resurrection : and hopes to find your short-windednes turn'd into free respiration . 'T is a vulgar Probleme , whether this malady may be called a disease , or Physick . You I believe found it trouble some ; but will not repent , if it prove medicinall . I imagin ( allur'd by Aprils forward Sun ) you slipt too early into your Summer Aparell ; which , though it prov'd too thin to defend you , yet not unable , to make you take a warier choise of your Wardrobe next Spring . Gondamar was of opinion , as there were in England many seasons of the year in one day ; so a man had need of severall suits : My fancy is , if you will not alwaies be shifting , 't is best not to shift till you see nature in her best Green gown : whose fashion you may harmlesly follow . Sir , you see by my spinning out this one Clause of your letter , I want matter ; Yet you may see too , there 's nothing drops so raw from you , but affords subject . Nor must you blame me , if your indisposition busie my Pen , since your 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is the Copie of it , and my own best constitution . Hence you have a double care lies upon your preservation ; your love to your self , and indulgence to Sir , Your servant , W.D. LXIII . In answer to a letter of Commends , &c. SIR . I Never look'd awry ( pardon the phraise ) upon any of yours till now , and now ( were not our mutuall loves united with many a dear link ) jealousie ( that Canker of affection ) would corrode my heart , I should , and can yet hardly forbear to ) judge , that you had some more deserving object in your mind , when you fancied mee with such high commends , as hold no proportion with my merit . I know you never wrote , but your heart and pen were coitinerants , yet ( pardon mee , if ) I assure you that in this ( and perhaps in this alone ) love has pourblinded your ( otherwise much discerning ) judgment ; should I believe all your write of mee , I might quickly be wasted into a Fools Paradise and so become a Ludibry ; I 'le rathet characterise my self , then own the least of your attributes , take it thus bluntly , yet with truth and candor , for I have studied that Sentence , which was engraven upon the gate of Apollo's Temple at Delphos ( viz ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . I was born under the dull planet Saturn , so that Mercury had no influence on my production , hence I am so far from being a Lynceus of nature , a Pelops of wisdome or Cicero of Eloquence , that I never pretended to any of those virtues , which beget admiration , nor to have my mind embroidered with any studied ornaments of learning , I onely claime some small title to those qualities , which stir affection , As truth of word , sincerity of heart , &c. Having thus ingenuously premised , I now send you an inhibition from the Court of love , not to treat any more of that subject , but to redargue my Errors and shew me the flats both of my pen and judgement , that what I write hereafter may merit this only Elogium ; As here 's no Elegance , so likewise no incongruity or affectation ; I aim no higher ; for in earnest if it were possible any thing of yours could nauseate me , the way were to send me a Laudatory Epistle , instead of a redargutory letter ; But I have another task therefore t is high time to put Omega to this , by subscribing my self Sir , Your humblest servant , T.B. LXIII . THE REPLY . SIR , MY fancied excesse in your praise , now recoiles upon my self ; you are , I see , your Artes Master : and what you could not divert , by a just disclaim ; you can stop , by an exaggerated retorsion . You may expect , I should now imitate your shame-fac'd modestie ; right this paper , with renouncing the abilities you heap upon me . But , I will not ; should I , We should still dwell in one Theme , & by the Nauseous tautologie , both impaire , what ere we both merit . I dare not vendicate to my self , a perfect self-knowledge ; nay , I avoid the reflex glances , that should tell me what I am ; lest , what I am , might cast me into a dejection ; & so , hinder amendment . Pusill animity , never yet attained an eminence . Do you cease your own undervaluings , & I shall my more adjusted expressions . I can let your worths be their own blazons , would you so let them ; but , if you will wrong you self , justice calls me , to your vindication . Nor , must the Legists Maxime , here sway ; volenti non fit injuria . Neither of us ( pardon the parallel ) are so accomplisht but we ought to thrive in imbellishments . Whether our souls came Aristotles Tabula rasa ; or written with Plato's Idea's into our earth ; in our earth , they have either forgot much , or learnt little . The fault , doubtles , ours . For , by what we know , we know we might , & may , know more . Nature , has made us capable ; that we become not better Proficients , our own truant inertie , the obstacle . I , am not so much a Scotist , as to confesse a substantiall difference , in souls : nor yet , such an Abcedary Philosopher , as to deny the Organs must be fitted , where the operation is to be excellent . You , & I should be ingrate , did we not assert , God has been liberall enough . To asperse his bounty with our wants , were a petty blasphemie in Philosophie it self . Let us both confesse , our respective ignorance , & our ignorance to be onely ours . This done : we are not to center in old dulnesse , but from the remorse of lost time , vigorously imploy the future . It imports the Vulgar rout , more to be good , than sagacious : We , are moulded for higher action : yet must joyn Vertue to knowledge . Reason's brutish , where the will 's incult . The Patterne , we were effigiated to , was infinitely Knowing , infinitely good ; in both , we are bound to imitate : bound to be the Representatives , of both , or , we forfeit our Orginall , and our similitude , too . Man 's a little world ; his minde the Heaven ; the two great Lights those splendid faculties , his Intellect , and Will : the lesser Starres , are the other powers : the intellect the Sun of all : all borrow his brightnesse , all must Cooperate with his raies , by adding their proper vertues . Thus shall our Microcosme be resplendent and fruitful , & gloriously rich : thus , we wise , and good , & thus nor good nor wise , I am . Sir , Yours , D.W. LXIV . The Rejoinder . Sir , I Quarrell'd your last in hope you would have retracted your transcendent elogicall conmends , which whilst you seem to intend in this , you have by a Rhetoricall Artifice , added more fewell to that fire ; So that I perceive whether I write or be silent , complain or acquiesce , I am every way dilemma'd ; I must confess to have nor wit nor language enough , to fadome the depth of your abilities , and by consequence am rendred impossibilited to pay you in your own coine , which is of such allay , that I may well say , you have truely found out the Philosophers stone , since you are able to convert any gross matter into the gold of fine language ; your prosaick lines are ( for excellency ) like those metricall ones of Homer , which as they excell in other points , so they seem to have an easie native slide in them , and to be conducted by a happy Genius . If I had abilitys to expatiate upon this subject , I could not be held a Patelin , but rather a suffragran to truth ; what I want words to express , silent admiration shall speak in the thoughts of Sir , Your obliged servant , T.B. LXV . An Answer . Sir , 'T Is well you are , as you are , the Rendevouz where all perfections meet , otherwise I should in this intercourse have one ( and one onely ) advantage of you ; For whilst you at every return of the Tabellary , have your Theme to seek , and yet no sooner sought but found ( such is the magazin of your invention ) I have a plentifull subject alwaies ready at hand , If I had answerable abilitys to make my election , and to word it accordingly and that is news , news which whilst there are men , will never cease to bee in vogue ; And since this week affords that which is somewhat palaticall , I shall no longer tantalize you with a proletarious Exordium . Then know , &c. — I humbly kiss your hands and remain . Sir , Your faithfull servant , T.B. LXVI . REPLY . SIR , I Am assaulted by your Martiall metaphors , yet with this favour , that where others erect their engines , to ruine , your levell aimes to strengthen the weak fort you direct against ; your continued Elogies at last mean to perswade me ( I see ) into some Ability , and could you infuse what you commend ( in stead of blush ) your Rhetorique would make me doubtless eloquent . I will not say with that keen Satyrist recuso Euge tuum & Belle. No I will with a modest guilt of non-desert embrace them , to profit , and that nec te quaesiveris extra ( of the same Poet ) was a good Monition . But our Muse is not so stoicall . Quis enim virtutem amplectitur ipsam , Praemia si tollas — Sir , honour is the reward of Artes and fame the tongue of honour , nor are either honour or fame more the guerdons , then the incentives of Proficience . Do you see ( my friend ) how I hug your attributions ? My vanity yet ( in it ) may be your lesson ; not to be vain but ingenuous , Be not so squeamish , hence forward : Accept your Baies offered , or merit it confer'd . What praise finds not answerable , let it incite to answer . I know my insufficiencies , but utterly despair not amendment ; If by your encouragement I amend not , I shall confesse my Brutish nature , to be past cure . If I grant you an advantage over me , 't is but what you have asserted : I answer the same Post , and to many besides yours ; But what is this ? ( my both matter , and the couching shewes it ) to be suddainly slight and rude , an odd perfection , and but suitable to both my leisure and me ; you have a ready subject for your pen , and how gratefully and ably you paint it forth , give me leave to be the Judge , that receive the delight : and I must keep it to my self , for you are as coy to receive the titles of your worth , as I am conscious they are due . Be then still higher then words can express you ; so I may still bee Sir , Excessively yours , W.D. LXVII . The first Address to his Mistris . Most honoured Lady , IN a cause whereon the felicity of my whole life depends , and wherein I have most will , I find least power to unbosome the secrets of my heart , such force has love to captivate my faculties ; Hence 't is I rather chose this , then that other way of verball delivery ; For though in either I should discover my own imperfections , yet in these lines my guiltles blushes will pass unseen . Hitherto I have onely appear'd a servant to your affaires , and in that quality had continued , if the excellency of your personall endowments had not ( by some kind of heavenly impulse ) driven mee on to more aspiring thoughts ; Thoughts , which ( with truth I speak it ) were engendred by the onely object of your goodnes , without any adulterate commixture of estate , which ( however valued by others ) is not of weight sufficient to turn the ballance of my scale , if not otherwise well laden with pure and unbiass'd affection , which I profess to owe to none but you ; and to you all things , even the being of Your most faithfull and devoted servant , T.B. LXVIII . Another to the same . My inestimable Jewell , IF the fumes of those corrosives you gave me last night from other hands , had not been qualified with the sweet odors of your own cordialls , I had ( unfeignedly speaking ) wholly sacrifiz'd the ensuing night to the vigils of a disquiet mind ; But as your goodnesse had not the will onely , but the power to raise mee from a hell of tormenting thoughts , to a Paradise of expected comfort , so does it multiply my endeared affections , which no misfortune shall have power to alienate , nor shall any thing but death determine . I am with much sollicitude setting all my imaginations upon the tenter , in order to the removall of those Rocks , which seem ( and but seem ) to threaten Shipwrack to our approaching happiness , whereto your utmost contribution is ( by all the ties of true love ) most earnestly implored , together with the continuance of him in your best thoughts , who is Your own , beyond expresses , T.B. LXIX . ANOTHER . Dear pledge of my soul . AMong all the obloquies , which the unrelenting malice of mine ( and by consequence your ) enimies hath cast upon mee , none appears so gastly in my thoughts , as that pretended want of love towards you , which ( the heavens will witness ) was never imbreasted in any mortall with more purity and plenitude ; For 't is the foundation , whereon I intend ( by divine assistance ) to build a frame of mutuall and interminable happines ; a happines that will be admired by some , but envied by others . Please to remember that you are now filia emancipata ( as divines terme you ) at your own dispose , and that you have of mee a servant , who only breathes by your favour and lives through your love , who will ever owe you fealty for the one , and still do you homage for the other ; a servant , who with unwearied expectation only waits for the happy houre , wherein that ( fiat ) shall be by you pronounc'd , which will in an instant ( Elixar-like ) turn all my drossy cares and anxieties into true contentments , and make me live eternally Yours without change , T.B. LXX . ANOTHER . My happy Choice , IF a more pressing occasion had not detain'd me , I should have thought the foulnesse of the weather but an easie penance , in respect of the solace , which the sweets of your presence would have afforded me ; for the enjoyment whereof I must ( with much regret ) adjourn my expectation till to morrow ; Mean time I send you the promised pictures , if the sight of which do at any time erect your thoughts to heaven-ward , even then remember him , who on earth desires no greater happines , then to live and die loving ( and beloved by ) you , in quality of Your second self , T.B. LXXI . To excuse the not taking leave of a Lady of quality . Madam , THough it be held a readier way to gain pardon , by acknowledging then excusing a fault , yet the Eminency of your Ladyships person doth so aggravate it in me , that I must beg leave to lessen , though , I cannot hope to have it wholly remitted , in saying the justness of your Ladyships cause of stay , made me presume none had so little compassion as to deny it ; and that I might expect the being freed from my ague , without danger of losing the opportunity of presenting my humble thanks for so many singall favours , undeservedly conferred on me ; but since that happiness with many others is lost by your Ladyships absence , honour this paper so far I beseech you , as to suffer it to supply my defects herein , and testify how ambitious I shall be , by my future observance , to merit the title of Madam , Your most humble servant , A.B. LXXII . Vpon the death of a fair Lady . Sir , AMong other impartments , your last tells mee , you were to usher a fair Lady to her grave ; A Corporall work of Mercy , it is to bury the Dead , I grant ; but to interr so great a Beauty ●e●ms to entrench on Pity and blast the Spring . Had she lived till Autumne or even Midsommer , the funeralls of many flowers , had lamented her Urne : yea if but till they had been blown , they would have lost their lives to adorn her Hearse ; and have been ambitious ( like those Savages ) to have been buried quick with their Ladie Paragon , for her attendance in the other World. But she has inverted Nature , and the Season too ; the flower of beauty died , when the beauty of flowers should spring ; and so has not onely left a withered World , but dismayed the Blowth of what should garnish it . Flowers are disheartened to open their fragrant Colors , since their Pattern is so early Cropt : and seem to intend ( being she 's entomb'd under the Earths surface ) to keep themselves under Earth to accompany her dust ; yet I will free you of cruelty in this fate ; you had no hand ( I am sure ) in her death , though you helpt her to her Grave . And who should be a fitter Mourner at the exequies of a fair Lady , than so compleat a servant of Ladies ? Sir , I see what grace you are entertained with by them : they not only love you living , but are loath to part with you , dead : will carry you as for as they can towards the other life , when they goe . That if they may not have your company quite through ( which were a wrong to Survivors ) they may your funerall tears , sighes , or prayers for their Vltime Vale : you preface a happy imprimis , to this sad discourse , and say having ( first ) done all that might tend to her future happiness . Happy News ! and it ownes you , I believe , an instrument of good effects and offices . Had all fair Ladies such faithfull servants , More Idols of beauty would receive impression of the divine Image , and become the servants of God. And she had much reason to desire your care of her bodies enterrment , that had first aided her soul , with a saving Viaticum for heaven . Long may you live the Author or helper of such good deeds . In the interim , as here was a double work of mercy ( Corporall and Spirituall ) exploited ; so you , I am confident , have made your usefull application of the Accident ; beheld in the blasting of this flower , the fate of Fairness , the frailties of the fairest Clay , that feature , and white and red could embelish . If she were not Superlative in Beauty , in beauty she had many inferiours ; if in fortunes , not the favourite of fortune ; yet , she has had her smiles . Many Beauties have faln sooner , many may sooner fade ; yet in her all beauties , all fortunes , have exprest , what fortunes and beauties are ; what is the Exit of the Fable of this temporary life : to wit , ugly death , eternall deprivation , the cold Tomb , and deformed dust . Fortunate life ! that so contemplates mortal condition , as to be indifferent and ready to change ; that fraile incertainties , and vain glitter may be motives to assure and fix on lasting good , that by others death learnes to live , and lives the life that feares not death : that so accompanies others funeralls , as in that sable equipage , to behold the mournfull Pomp of the Worlds farewell , and their own destiny : that reads in that earthy bed of death ( the Grave of others ) their own Motto , we are dust , and all mortall things Momentary . Sir , pardon this long slip of my pen : you see how a fair Ladies death and your living pietie , entrances me , to the forgetfulness of other subjects , I confess I am also now in a dull Mood , not apt as to expression . Thanks for your News on which , the only present comment shall be ; that I am for ever Sir , Your thankfull servant , D.W. LXXIII . The Reply , relating the particulers of that Ladies death . Sir , SInce you have been pleas'd to sing so sweet a dirge , and to make so excellent a comment upon our late funerous text , I cannot think the particulers of that sad subject ( how confusedly soever I deliver them ) will be unacceptable to you ; This Lady was 3 moneths continually dying , without any hope of recovery , and this occasioned by an ulcer in her throat , it was my good fortune ( though others had assai'd it ) to gain her first assent to bring a spirituall Phisitian to her . Dr. G. was next at hand , and did act his part exceedingly well ; after 2 or 3 effective visits , the Patient ( through the comfort and ease of the spirituall Cataplasmes and emplaisters , which the Doctor applied ) was so rapt and piously enamor'd of him , as she even embrac'd him at every appearance . When shee drew neer the confines of deaths kingdom , she did usually ejaculate not only most pious but even eloquent or rather diviniloquent expressions , as this ( amongst many others ) which heaven grant I may never forget . I have ( said she ) lived long in the vanity of this World , for which God hath placed mee in this bed of sorrow ; Were it his holy pleasure , I should act over one of them again , and the choice left to mee , I would ( by the Grace of Jesus ) rather chose the torments of this bed , and malady , then have any thing to do with the Worlds vanities , &c Besides nothing did so much trouble her , as that she had lived ( as she said ) for fear of Worldly endamagement ) some yeares in an outward profession that contradicted her inward perswasion ; The Doctor was no less taken with his Patient , then she with him , for I heard him say hee was never more satisfied with the manner of any persons death ; And I confess her exit did more tristitiate mee , then did that of my own Sister , the manner of it , not a little both mortifying and edifying mee ; For to see her picture in the Anti-chamber , and then go in and look upon the originall , was subject enough for mortification , the one being so incomparable beautifull , the other so ghastly ; In a word , the last breath she drew was Je-and in pronouncing - sus she expir'd . So that we may conclude , as she was a great beauty living , she was a greater dead ; For whereas corporall beauty in others dies with the body , hers did not so , but by a secret transition pass'd into the soul . Thus have you heard the brief ( but sad ) story of this good Ladies end , and that from Sir , Your humble servant , T.B. LXXIV . LETTER . Sir , THe punishment that Apollo inflicts of reading Guicciardine is a light one , compar'd to this that you impose ●pon your self , and yet you will only here play the Stoick in not acknowledging you are in pain ; Nothing can justify mee , but obedience , for persuming to offer this tedious Romance to those eyes that should onely look upon Iliads ; I give verses as Galenists do Phisick , which clogs the stomack more then the disease ; I must confess we may view Cities taken , kingdomes ruin'd , and new worlds discovered in lesse roome ; It is a Poem that hath neither height nor profundity , yet it has length ; it overflowes but swells not ; it wearies without ascents , as Promenades do upon a flat ; In a word , I shall think , if you do not find fault with it and reprehend me , it is because you are angry and will do nothing in Passion ; however it is a trust I recommend to your secrecy , for follies are not things of the least consequence to trust a friend with . And having now performed my promise with you , I expect you should do the like with Sir , Your affectionate servant , J.C. LXXV . Vpon the New year . Sir , AS all things sublunary owe their being to the revolution of the upper Spheres , so their change ; And 't is just , they should submit to their essentiall Guides . Amongst other novelties , the first mover had brought about the point of Circular motion , that has began us a New year : and promises many unwonted effects . Whilst these appeare , let us be the same we were , constant old friends to God , heaven and our selves . Change , though to the better , argues imperfection , yet not to change to the better , were the worst of imperfections . As restles rivers hast to their Ocean , so ought we to ours , which is God , that Ocean of bliss , repose , and Center of aeternity ; Till here arrived , we are in flux and variety : Let us be so , but hold the right way . As Grace is elder then Nature , so she first begins her year ; Astronomers commence theirs with the springs vigour , when the Sun 's in Aries , the Church is content with Capricorn ; When her Sun 's in the Cradle , that Orient of Justice and mercy , the Son of God , The signes melancholy ; yet the forerunner of more propitious . So let our sorrows shorten with the nights , our joyes with the dayes lengthen . This solstice ( if we follow the conduct of the right Star ) will fairly move to a brighter height , a nearer approach ; dispell our mists , warme our hearts , ravish our eyes . This rambling prologue , is but to bring in the prayer that wishes you a happy New year , and that regard of times winged Cariers , which in running moments may take hold of the stedfast point of eternity . This is the Center of circumference ; In which who truly fix , may be moved but not from it . Then , as time whirles away the measure of our mortall being , it will ha●ten that , which shall know no alteration , but to be invariable . Sir , my complex●on suits the dead season at present , and yeilds me but a languishing health : Hence my pen's as dull . You know when the bodies out of order , the spirits cannot but flag . I must suffer the one , you will pardon the other . And so to affaires that require no politure , but what your patience shall give them , &c. 2 January . W.D. LXXVI . ANSWER . SIR YOurs I have received , read , and read again , and the more I read it , the more I have a a mind to read it , such are the incentives of your heaven-inspired lines , which as they clearly demonstrate the truth of that Maxime of a modern Author , that Eternity is the Port and Sabbath of all humane Contemplations : So , since my more earthy Soul and lesse heavenly cogitations are not able in due manner to comprehend them ; I wrap my self in this your learned sheet and say to it ( with equall wonder ) As Aristotle once did to Euripus , Q●uia ego non capio te , tu capias me T B. LXXVII . A letter to a friend upon his marriage . SIR . I Have of late with held from you the Characters of my hand , though not the welwishes of my heart , conceiving you as close in the pursuit of your fair Daphne , as Phabus was of his , when the breath of his mouth disorder'd her dissheiveld hair : For I perceive you have now ran so , as happily to take the Virgin-prize ; may you be ever mutually happy . There now onely remains the metamorphosis ( not into the Beast with two backs , which the knavish Shakespear speaks of ) but of that more ingenious , two into one , unus , una , into unum , which you have hinted so modestly in yours . Your Daphne I hope ( before the arrivall of this paper ) will be converted not onely into Bayes , but Rosemary , which is one fragrancy , due to her perfections ( if you have ( as I doubt not ) given her a true Character ) more then the Poet gave Apollo's Mistress ; Let this therefore suffice to give you both the parabien of Hymen's honours and felicities , and to let you know I shall both expect and be ambitious to wear a sprig in honour of her , nor will I faile heartily to commend you both to the great President of the wedding of Cana in Galilee , that he may turn the bitter Waters of your long expectation into the Wine of a happy and contented life , made up with the blessing of a good and pious posterity . In which devotion I affectionately rest Sir , Your humble servant , H.T. Superscriptions FOR LETTERS , to be addressed to all sorts of persons , according to the usage of the present times . If to a Duke , TO the most Noble ( and some times ) Excellent or illustrious Prince . And in discourse we stile him Grace If to a Marquess , To the right Noble or right honourable . And in discourse his attribute is , Lordship or Honour . If to an Earle , Viscount or Baron To the right honourable . And to begin a Letter , we , either say May it please your Honor or Lordship Right honorable My Lord. Which last is used only by Lords to Lords , or by Gentlemen of some quality , otherwise it is held too familiar . If to a Baronet , or Knight of the Bath , we say To the honourable or much honoured . And his attribute ( in the beginning of a letter may be Much honored Sir. The like may be given to a Collonel . The usuall attribute of a Knight was of old Right Worshipfull . And of an Esquire Worshipful . But these are much disus'd , unles it be by persons of inferiour rank . We say ( writing to a Knight ) To my noble or to my much honored friend , Sir A.B. Knight , these present . To an Esquire we say To my much honored or most worthy friend T.G. Esquire . Observe that ( when you write to an Esq ) you be sure not to say Master T.G. Esq for the ( Master ) is ridiculous , the Esq including it . So if you write to a Doctor of Divinity , a Doctor of the Civil Law , or Doctor of Phisick , you must not say Mr. Doctor T.G. nor Doctor T.G. Esq ; for Doctor both comprehends Master and Esquire , and of these the Divine hath first place , the Civilian next , and the Phisitian last . To an ordinary Gentleman thus , To my approved friend To my most esteemed friend To my much valued friend To my very much respected friend To my worthy good friend , or the like . Note that all the younger Sons of Dukes and Marquesses are Lords for their lives only , and are called Lord John , or Lord William , &c. by their Christian names . The eldest Son of an Earle is a Lord by birth , so is not a Viscounts Son , till his Father be dead . The youngest Sons of Viscounts and Barons are but Esquires , yet are honorable , and take place of all Baronets and Knights . The eldest Son of a Baron is but an Esq during his Fathers life . Esquire ( comes from the French Escuier , in latin Armiger or Scutifer i. a bearer of Armes , or of a Sheild , and ) is that Degree of Gentry , which is next to a Knight ; It is conceived that at the first these Esquires were bearers of Arms to Lords and Knights , and thereby had their name and dignity : Now to be true Esquires according to the Law of Armes , they must either be Lords younger Sons , Baronets or Knights eldest Sons , members of Parlement , Sheriffs , Justices of the Peace , Serjeants at Law , Barristers at Law ( yet the late Earle Marshall would not allow Barristers to be Esquires , but in the Act for Polemoney they were ranked by the then Parliament as Esquires and paid as Esq ) or of some ancient family that has it by being heir to a Knight in the right line ; Though now a dayes ( I know not by what warrant ) all Gentlemen that have but some considerable Estate in Lands , take that title upon them , when as the Estate ( though never so great ) adds no title . And that the title of Esq should descend from Father to Son ( as the Estate of Gentry doth ) is meer fabulous , saies Mr. Herne in his Glory of Generosity , p. 100. Ladies have ( for the most part ) the same attributes as their husbands . Both in Letter and discourse , we give a Dutches the title Grace . But to a Marchioness , Countess , Viscountess or Baroness , right honourable and in discourse your honour , and among their equals , or in more familiar discourse , Madam . If you write to any of these , the title Madam , is very moding , both at the beginning and end of your Letter , But if the person writing be of much lower Rank , then the Lady written unto , it will be decent to say . May it please your honour , or Right honourable ! All the daughters of Dukes , Marquesses and Earles are Ladies by birth , and are called Lady Anne , Lady Mary , &c. But the daughters of a Viscount or Baron are but Mistris , yet are honorable ; And their Addition ( being named in instruments of Law or Conveyances ) is no more then a Yeomans daughter hath , and that is Spinster , wherein there seems to be some title wanting . And for the better understanding the point of precedency , I have thought fit to transcribe an abstract of two Decrees made by King James touching the same , in the 10 and 14 years of his raigne , which you may read more at large in Mr. Seldens , Titles of honour , Page 906. That the younger Sons of Viscounts and Barons shall take place and precedence before all Baronets . That such Bannerets ( as shall be made by the Kings Majesty , his heirs and Successors , or by Henry now Prince of Wales , under his or their Standard displayed in an Army Royall in open war , and the King or Prince personally present ) for their lives onely , and no longer , shall for ever in all places take place and precedence , as well before all other Bannerets whatsoever , as likewise before the younger Sonnes of Viscounts and Barons , and before all Baronets . The younger Sons of Viscounts and Barons , and all Baronets , shall take place before all Bannerets whatsoever , other then such as shall be made by the King as aforesaid . That the Knights of the Garter , Privy Councellors to the King , the Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries , the Chancellor and under Treasurer of the Exchequer , Chanceller of the Dutchy , the chief Justice of the Kings Bench , the Master of the Rolls , The chief Justice of the Common-pleas , the chief Baron of the Exchequer , and all other the Judges and Barons of the degree of the Coif of the said Courts , shall have place before the younger sons of Viscounts and Barons , and before all Baronets . That Baronets and their heires Males shall alwayes have place next unto the younger Sonnes of Viscounts and Barons , and their wives shall take place accordingly . And in another Decree , 14 Jacobi . That the eldest sonnes of Baronets and their wives as well during their husbands lives , as after ; And the daughters of the same Baronets following next after the said wives of the eldest sonnes of Baronets , shall have place and precedence before the eldest son and the wife of the eldest sonne of any Knight of what Order soever , And likewise the younger sonnes of such Baronets and their wives shall take place accordingly before the younger Sons of any Knights , &c. ERRATA PAge 3. l. 19. r Matter . p. 11. l. 10. r Proleptoton . p. 38. l. 15. r Jocus . p. 43. l. 16. r Periphrasis . p. 44. l. 35. r continuance . p. 49. l. 19. r my Soul. and l. 20 , refresh . p. 61. l. 10. r astonish . p. 63. l. 18. r in Bac. p. 70. l. 15. dele the same . p. 71. l. 3. dele in . p. 72. l. 18. r hardest . p. 69. l. 27. r enclines . p. 79. l. 8. r forth teares . p. 107. l. 34. r a sleep . p. 112. l. 9. r her own . p. 124. l. 3. r preterhard p. 128. l. 11. r there . p. 134. l. 22. r over . p. 138. l. 15. dele — p. 142. l 2. r form . p. 153. l. 16. r best self . p. 170. l. 11.12 . r intime . p. 197. l. 17. r guift . and l. 31. r united . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A28452-e270 Prov. 16.21 , 24. Notes for div A28452-e9280 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . H ▪ C. Max. 296. Notes for div A28452-e25440 | It was a time of great rain . 
A48527	----	Lily, improved, corrected, and explained with the etymological part of the common accidence. By W. T. Master of a boarding-school at Fulham, near London, for above two and twenty years. W. T. 1696 Approx. 398 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 93 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2009-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A48527 Wing L2263 ESTC R216720 99828442 99828442 32869 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A48527) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 32869) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1913:7) Lily, improved, corrected, and explained with the etymological part of the common accidence. By W. T. Master of a boarding-school at Fulham, near London, for above two and twenty years. W. T. Lily, William, 1468?-1522. Shorte introduction of grammar. Colet, John, 1467?-1519. Robertson, Thomas, fl. 1520-1561. [6], 170 p. printed for R. Bentley, in Russel-street, in Covent-garden, London : MDCXCVI. [1696] By William Lily. Text in English and Latin. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Grammar -- Early modern, 1500-1799. Latin language -- Grammar -- Early works to 1800. 2007-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-08 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2008-03 John Latta Sampled and proofread 2008-03 John Latta Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion LILY , Improved , Corrected , and Explained ; WITH THE Etymological Part OF THE Common Accidence . By W. T. Master of a Boarding-School at Fulham , near London , for above Two and Twenty Years . Tota domus nititur fundamento . Sic in Grammaticae fundamenta fideliter jeceris , quicquid superstruxeris , facilè corruet : Sed multarum lues est Scholarum quòd Latinarum vocum Declinationes & Conjugationes vel omnino negligant vel festinantius & percurrant . Carpere sed noli nostra , sed ede tua . Quis gremio Enceladi doctique Palaemonis adfert Quantum Grammaticus meruit labor ? — — res nulla minoris Constabit patri quam filius . — — — sed culpa docentis Scilicet arguitur si in laevâ parte mamillae Nil salit Arcadico juveni . Juven . LONDON : Printed for B. Bentley , in Russel-street , in Covent-garden . MDCXCVI . Honoratissimis ac Dilectissimis Suis Discipulis optimae spei & indolis juvenibus , D no. Georgio Treby , D ni . Georgii Trebi , Equitis Aurati Communis Banci Primarii Justitiarii unico Filio ; D no. Thomae Powis , D ni . Thomae Powis , Equitis Aurati maximo natu Filio : Ceterisque ex suis Charissimis Discipulis gratitudinis & amoris ergo haec Collectanea & opusculum , qualia qualia sint ; Dicat , Dedicat Consecratque , W. T. THE INTRODUCTION OF The Eight Parts of Latin Speech , and a perfect succinct Explanation of the Royal and Authoriz'd , commonly call'd Lilly 's Grammar , with several Amendments , Supplements , and Animadversions . I. THE Eight Parts of Speech , with their Accidents , explained and examined out of the Common Accidence , with a supply of many Defects , and an Addition and Resolution of many things necessary for Youth to know . II. The Four Parts of Grammar discuss'd by Questions and Answers , the first being Orthographia , or rather Orthoepeia , carefully to be observ'd by those that learn the Latin and English Tongue , with an account of the Points or Pauses which are to be minded in Writing and Reading . The Second Part being Etymologia , ( to which all Words or Parts of Speech belong ) under which Propria quae Maribus , Quae genus , and As in Presenti are fully examin'd , the Defects supplied with many Additions , and the Mistakes amended . The Third Part of Grammar , being Syntaxis , is epitomiz'd and made shorter by two Thirds , with very small Alterations to the same Rules , and yet many things added ; to which is subjoin'd an Examination thereof by Questions and Answers , with a short account of the Figures of Grammar , and with some hints to a School-Boy how he should be examin'd his Lesson in Latin. And last of all , the Fourth Part of Grammar , viz. Prosodia , is fully explain'd after the same manner , with a supply of many Defects . The whole comprising whaever Brinsley , Dugard , Hool , Leech , or Walker , in his tedious Explanations and Quotations , &c. have attempted upon Grammar after this manner of Questions and Answers , which certainly ( as it is asserted by the greatest Judgments and Men of Learning ) must be the best Method of instructing Youth in all sort of Knowledge . What is contain'd under different Characters , may be omitted by Tyrocinians , till they come to be something more knowing . III. Observations concerning the Government of Words by Signs . IV. Rules to turn Latin into English , or English into Latin ; with Directions to place Latin Words : Lastly , short Instructions to Tyrocinians , for composing of Themes , Verses , Epistles , Orations and Declamations . THE Eight Parts of Speech Examin'd out of the Common Accidence BY Questions and Answers . Q. WHAT is the Accidence , and why is it so called ? A. It is a Book that teacheth the first Grounds of the Latin Tongue , so called because it chiefly teaches the Accidents ( i. e. ) the things belonging to the Eight Parts of Speech . Q. Into how many Parts is the Accidence divided ? A. Into two ; first , an Introduction of the Eight Parts of the Latin Tongue or Speech ; secondly , the Co●struction or joyning together of the Right Parts of Speech . Q. What do you mean by Construction ? A. A framing or setting together of the Eight Parts of Speech to make a Discourse , the examination of which part we omit in the common Accidence , because it is examin'd fully in the Latin Syntaxis . Q. How many Parts , or how many sorts of Words are there in the Latin Tongue or Speech ? A. Eight , and no more or less , viz. a Noun , a Pronoun , a Verb , a Participle , an Adverb , Conjunction , Preposition , Interjection ; for , every word whereof Speech is made is one of these Eight Parts , tho' there be many thousand words , yet each of them is one of these . Q. What things belong to all the Eight Parts of Speech ? A. Species and Figura , ( i. e. ) Form and Figure . For any of the Parts of Speech may be first Primitive or Derivative ; secondly , Simple or Compound . Q. How are these Eight Parts of Speech divided ? A. They are divided into Declined and Undeclined . Q. How many are declined ? A. The four first , viz. a Noun , Pronoun , Verb , Participle . Q. How many are undeclined ? A. The four last , viz. an Adverb , Conjunction , Preposition , and Interjection . Q. Why are the four first declined , and the four last undeclined ? A. Because the first four may change their ending or termination into divers other endings ; as , magister , magstri ; ego , mei ; amo , amas ; amatus , amata , amatum . The four last never change their ending ; as , Cras , at que , ad , heus . Q. How many of the Parts of Speech are declined with case , and how many without case ? A. Three with case , Noun , Pronoun , Participle , and one without case , viz. a Verb. Q. Are there not many Nouns and Verbs undeclined ? A. There are , but it is in regard of Use that they are not declined , not in regard of the Nature of Words . Q. What is Speech , of which you tell me there are eight parts ? A. Speech is properly the uttering or declaring of our Minds by Words . Q. Which and what is the first part of Speech ? A. It is a Noun , which signifies the name of any thing that may be seen , f●l● , heard , or understood , as the name of my Hand in Latin is manus , &c. Q. Is a Hand a Noun ? A. A Hand itself is not a Noun , but the word signifying a Hand is a Noun . Q. How comes nihil to be a Noun when it signifies nothing ? A. Tho' nihil signifies nothing , yet it is a Noun , because it is not meant properly nothing , but a thing of no value , having the name of hilum , the black in the top of a Bean ; as , nihil or nihi●um , not so much as the black in a Bean. In Grammar therefore we are to consider Words , not Things . Q. How many sorts of Nouns are there ? A. Two , a Noun Substantive and a Noun Adjective . Q. What is a Noun Substantive ? A. It is a Noun that standeth by it self , and requireth not another word to be joined with it to shew its signification ; and it may have the Signs A or The before it , and cannot have the word Man , or Thing , after it , as an Adjective hath . Q. With how many Articles is a Noun Substantive declin'd ? A. With one Article ; as , hic magister a Master ; or with two at the most , as , hic & haec Parens a Father or Mother . Q. How many fold is a Noun Substantive , according to its signification ? A. It is two-fold , either Proper , which is the proper name of a thing , as , Edvardus ; or Common , which is common to all of the same kind , as homo is a common Name to all Men. Q. What is a Noun Adjective ? A. A Noun Adjective is that cannot stand by it self in Reason or Signification , but requires to be join'd with another word , as Man or Thing ; as , bonus good , felix happy . Q. How many fold is a Noun Adjective from its manner of signifying ? A. It is two-fold , Proper , signifying an Affection peculiar to one , as Gradivus to Mars , Quirinus to Romulus ; and Common , which signifies an Affection common to many , as bonus , malus , solers , satur . Q. How many-fold is an Adjective , according to its declining ? A. It is two-fold , for it is declined either with three terminations , like bonus , or with three Articles , like felix and tristis . Q. How many things belong to a Noun ? A. Seven in all , Number , Case , Gender , Declension , Comparison , Form , and Figure ; but Comparison properly belongs to a Noun Adjective , and Form and Figure to all the Parts of Speech . Q. Why doth not Comparison belong to a Noun Substantive ? A. Because the signification of it cannot be encreased or diminished . Q. What is Number , being the first Accident belonging to a Noun ? A. Number is a separation or distinction of One from Many . Q. How many Numbers are there ? A. Two ; the Singular , that speaks but of one , as lapis a Stone ; and the Plural , that speaks of more than one , as lapides Stones . Q. Do all Nouns of the Singular Number speak but of One ? A. All Nouns speak but of One in the Singular Number , except the Nouns Collectives , such as populus , grex , turba , &c. which signifie many , or a multitude in the singular Number ; as , on the contrary , there are Nouns of the Plural Number that signifie but one thing , as Nuptiae , Gabii , Thebae , Athenae , &c. Q. Doth Number only belong to a Noun ? A. No , but it belongs to all the declined Parts of Speech . Q. What is Case , the next Accident of a Noun ? A. It is the diverse ending of a Noun , Pronoun , or Participle , in the declining of them . Q. How many Cases are there ? A. Six ; the Nominative , the Genitive , the Dative , the Accusative , the Vocative , and the Ablative . Q. How may the Cases be known one from the other ? A. Thus ; the Nominative and Accusative by their Places , the other by their Signs . Q. Which is the place of the Nominative ? A. Thus ; the Nominative is placed before the Verb in due order of Speech , and Answers to the Question Who or What ; as , magister docet , the Master teacheth ; and it is known by the Signs A or The. Q. Why is it call'd the Nominative ? A. Because we give Names to all things in this Case from nomino . Q. How know you the Genitive Case ? A. The Genitive is known by these Signs , Off or 'S , answering to the Question Whose or Whereof ; as , Doctrina magistri , the Learning of the Master ; and it is a Case governed . Q. Why is it called the Genitive Case ? A. From gigno , because it begets or produces all the following Cases ; for when I know the Genitive Case of any word , I may easily know all the following Cases of that Declension . Q. How know you the Dative Case ? A. By the Sign To , and sometimes by the Sign For , and it answers to the Question To whom , or To what ; as , Do librum magistro , I give a Book to the Master ; and it is likewise a Case govern'd . Q. Why is it called the Dative Case ? A. From Do , to give ; for if I speak , Deliver or Give to one any thing , I use this Case . Q. How know you the Accusative Case ? A. The Accusative followeth the Verb , and answereth to the Question Whom or What ; as , amo magistrum , I love the Master ; and it hath the same Signs as the Nominative , viz. A or The , which are common Signs to all the Cases , but more proper to the Nominative and Accusative . Q. Why is it called the Accusative Case ? A. From the Verb or Law-term Accuso , for this is the Case by which Judges do use to pronounce their Sentence . Q. How know you the Vocative Case ? and , why is it called so ? A. The Vocative Case is known by calling or speaking to ; as , O magister , O Master , and it is so called from the Verb Voco , to call or speak to any body . Q. How know you the Ablative Case ? and , why is it called so ? A. The Ablative Case is known either by Prepositions serving to it , or else by these Signs , In , with , through , for , from , by , and then , after the comparative degree . And it is called the Ablative Case from aufero to take away . Q. How are the Signs of the Cases delivered in short ? A. Thus ; A , The , Of or 'S ; To , and sometimes For ; A , The , O : From , &c. Q. What Case is that which is called Octavus Casus ? A. It is the Dative put instead of an Accusative with a Preposition ; as , it ●lamor coelo for ad coelum . Q. What Case , or where then is the Seventh Case ? A. The Seventh is the Ablative , uttered or used without a Preposition , as some will have it : tho' indeed there are but six Cases , according to the Declension to which every word belongs : so that the Septimus and Octavus Casus are Cases by Licentiâ Poeticâ . Q. What Case is that which is called the Rectus Casus ? A. It is the Nominative and Vocative that 's like to it , the other Cases being called oblique Cases . Q. Why is the Ablative called Latinus Casus ? A. Because it is pr●per to the Latines , for the Greeks have no Ablative . Q. What follows next after the Cases in the Accidence ? A. Articles , which are marks to know the Genders by in declining . Q. How many Articles are there , and whence are they borrowed ? A. There are three , viz. Hic , haec , h●c ; and they are borrowed of the Pronouns . Q. What do hic , haec , hoc signifie ? A. When hic , haec , hoc is a Pronoun it signifies this ; but when it is d●clined with a Noun it signifies nothing , only it points out the Gender . Q. How do you decline Articles together and severally with a Noun ? A. Thus :   Singul. Plur.   M. F. N. M. F. N. Nom. Hic , haec , hoc . Hi , hae , haec . Gen. Hujus , hujus , hujus . H●rum , harum , horum . Dat. Huic , huic , huic . His , his , his . Acc. Hunc , hanc , hoc . H●s , has , hae● . Voc. O , O , O. O , O , O. Abl. Hoc , hac , h●c . His , his , his . Q. Why are they set before the Genders and Declensions ? A. Because they serv● to note out the Genders , and also decline Nouns in every Gender . Q. What is a Gender ? A. It is the difference of Sex by Nature , as they are Male and Female ; but by Institution and Art Words may be of the Male and Female Gender , and yet have no relation to Sex ; as Musa , or Lapis , &c. Q. How many Genders are there ? A. We reckon Seven , tho' there are properly but Three , Masculine , Feminine , and Neuter ; the other four , viz. the Common of two , the Common of three ▪ the Doubtful , and the Epicene , are compounded of all or some of those three . Q. Which is the Article of the M. G. and what doth it belong to ? A. It is hic , and it belongs to Males or Hees , and such words as are used under the Names of Hees , either by Art or Institution . Q. What is the Article of the F. G. and what doth it belong to ? A. It is haec , and it belongs to Females or Shee s , or things going under the name of Shee s . Q. Which is the Article of the N. G. and what doth it belong to ? A. It is hoc , and it belongs to words which signifie aeither He or She. Q. What Articles hath the Common of two , and what belongs it to ? A. It hath hic and haec , and it belongs properly to words signifying both Male and Female , that is , both He and She. Q. What Articles hath the Common of three , and what doth it belong to ? A. It hath hic , haec , and hoc , and it belongs only to Nouns Adjectives . Q. What Article hath the Doubtful Gender , and what belongs it to ? A. It hath hic or haec , which of them you please , and it belongs to Creatures in which the kind is unknown , whether they be he or she ; as , a Snail , a Snake , also to lifeless things ; as , a Day , a Channel , &c. Q. What Article hath the Epicene Gender ? A. It hath only one Article , but under that Article both kinds , that is , both He and She are signified ; as hic Passer , the Cock or Hen Sparrow ; haec Aquila , the He or She Eagle . Q. How may the Genders of Nouns be known ? A. Either by their signification , termination , or more especially by the Rules to know the Genders of Nouns in Propria quae maribus . Q. Which is the fourth Accident belonging to a Noun ? A. It is Declension , which is the varying of the first ending of a word into diverse other endings called Cases . Q. How many Declensions of Nouns are there ? A. There are five Declensions of Nouns . Q. What Terminations hath the first Declension , what 's the Example , and whence proceeds it ? A. The first hath but one Latin Termination in A , the Example is Musa ; but it hath three Greek Terminations in As , Es , and E ; as , Thomas , Anchises , Phaebe , and it proceeds from the first Declension of the Greeks . Q. What Terminations hath the second Declension , what are the Examples , and whence proceeds it ? A. It hath five proper to the Latines , Er , ir , ur , us , um ; as , Aper , vir , satur , Dominus , Templum ; and three of the Greeks in os , on , eus ; as , Delos , Ilim , Orpheus : the Examples of it are Magister and Regman , and it comes from the third Declension of the Greeks . Q. What Terminations hath the third Declension , what are the Examples , and whence comes it● ? A. It hath all Terminations besides Vm and V ; the Examples are lapis and parens , and it comes from the fifth of the Greeks . Q. What Terminations hath the fourth Declension , which are the Examples of it , and whence proceeds it ? A. It hath two , Vs and V , and the Examples are Manus and Genu ; but those that end in U are ' 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or invariable in the Singular Number , and in the Plural they are commonly declined after the third Declension , to which third Declension may be reduc'd the fourth and fifth . Q. What is the Example , and how many Terminations hath the fifth Declension ? A. It hath only one Termination in es ; the Example is meridies . Q. What Exceptions are there belonging to the first Declension ? A. Filia and Nata , which make the Dative and Ablative Cases plural in is or in abus , and anima , Dea , Mula , Equa , Famula , Liberta , which make the Dative and Ablative Cises plural in abus only . Q. What Exceptions are there under the second Declension ? A. The first is of Nouns that end in Vs , which make the Vocative in E ; as , Nominativo hic Dominus , Vecativo O Domine : 2. Proper Names of Men that end in ius , make their Vocative to end in i ; as , Nom. Hic Ge●gius , Voc. O Georgi : 3. These Common Names , viz. Agnus , Lucus , vulgus , populus , chorus , sluvius , which make their Vocative in E or in Vs . Q. What say you of Nouns of the Neuter Gender of the second declension ? A. They have three Cases alike , viz. the Nominative , Accusa●ive , and Vocative , which three Cases do end in the plural Number , always in ( a ) , except Amb● and Duo , that make the Neuter Gender in ( o ) . Q. How is Duo declin'd ? A. Like Ambo , thus : Plu. Duo , duae , duo , &c. Q. But how are the Declensions distinguish'd , and how may it be known of what Declension a Noun is of , besides by these Termi●ati●ns of the Declensions ? for hardly any of these Terminations are peculiar to any Declension ; for many words that end in A , As , Es , E , are of the third , as well as of the first Declension ; and so words that end in Us may be of the second , third , or fourth Declension , & c ? A. The Declensions are distinguish'd by the termination and ending of the Genitive Case singular of each Declension , which Genitive Case shews what Declension every Noun is of . Q. How then doth the Genitive Case of each Declension end , and how do all the rest of the Cases end that proceed from those Genitives ? A. They end thus , according to the following Table .   Singular .         Plural .         Gen. Dat. Acc. Vocat . Ab N Gen. Dat. Ac Abl Declensions 1 ae ae am Like the Nominative every where , except in the 2d Declension . a ae arum is as is 2 i o um o i orum is os is       em e   um       3 is i &   es   ibus es ibus       im i   ium       4 us ui um u us uum ibus us ibus 5 ei ei em e es erum ebus es ebus Q. Of what Gender are all Nouns of the fifth Declension ? A. They are of the Feminine , except meridies , of the M. G. and Dies , of the D. G. in the singular , and of the M. G. only in the plural . Q. How many Declensions may Adjectives be said to have ? A. Three . Q. Which is the first ? A. The first is of Adjectives in us , er , ur , with three terminations or endings ; the first ending or termination being of the M. G. as , Bonus , pulcher , satur ; the second being of the F. G. as , Bona , pulchra , satura ; the third ending being of the N. G. as , Bonum , pulchrum , saturum . Q. Which is the second Declension of Adjectives ? A. The second is of Adjectives ending in X or ns , and all others having one ending in the Nom. Case , which are of all the three Genders ; as , hic , haec , & hoc audax , - acis : hic , haec , & hoc vetus , eris , &c. Q Which is the third Declension of Adjectives ? A. It is of Adjectives that end in is , or the positive , and of those that end in or , of the comparative degree with two endings , the first ending being of the M. and F. G. the second ending being of the N. G. as , hic & haec Tristis & hoc Triste ; hic & haec durior & hoc durius , &c. Q. How is a Noun Adjective of three terminations declined ? A. After the first and second declension of Substantives ; as , Bonas after Dominus , Bona after Musa , Bonum after Regnum Q. What Adjectives are there besides of three terminations that are otherwise declin'd ? A. These , with their Compounds , unus , totus , solus , ullus , alius , alter , uter , newer , which make the Genitive Case in ius , and the Dative in i. Q. Can unus , signifying but one , have the Plural Number ? A. Vnus never hath the Plural Number , but when it is joined with a word that lacketh the Singular Number ; as , unae , literae , una maenia , where literae signisying an Epistle or Letter , cannot be of the Singular Number , nor Maenia . Q. What Case do ullus , alius , alter , uter , and neuter lack or want ; and how are they declined ? A. They want the Vocative , and are declined in all other cases like unus . Q. How are Adjectives of one ending , and Participles of the Present tense declined ? A. They are declined after the third Declension of Substantives , like felix . Q. How are Adjectives of two endings declined ? A. They are likewise declined after the third declension of Substantives , like tristls . Q. What is the next Accident of a Noun after Declension ? A. It is Comparison . Q. What is Comparison ? A. It is the altering the signification of a word into more or less by degrees . Q. D●es Comparison belong to all Nouns ? A. No , it belongs properly to Adjectives , tho' Substantives are compared 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , only by abuse , not properly ; a● also some Pronouns : but Adverbs coming of Adjectives , may be compared , and Participles , when they are changed into Nouns Adjectives , and some Prepositions when changed into Adverbs . Q. May all Adverbs be compared ? A. No , none but whose Signification may be increased or diminished . Q. What is it to have the Signification increased or diminished ? A. It is to be made more or less ; a● , hard , harder , hardest : and so back again ; as , hardest , harder , hard . Q. What mean you by a Degree of Comparison ? A. I mean , that every word that alters its signification by more or less , is a Degree . Q. How many Degrees of Comparison are there ? A. Three , the Positive , Comparative , and Superlative . Q. What is the Positive Degree ? A. It is a Degree that signifies a thing absolutely without Excess ( that is , without more or less , or without having respect to any other word ) ; as , Durus hard , without being compared . Q. What is the Comparative Degree ? A. It is a Degree which somewhat exceeds his Positive in Signification , ( i. e. ) when the signification of the Positive is somewhat encreased or made more . Q. What is the Sign of the Comparative Degree ? A. The Syllable ( more ) being set before , or the Syllable ( er ) being added to it ; as , more bard , or harder . Q. Of what is the Comparative Degree formed ? A. Of the first Case of its Positive that endeth in I , by putting to it ( or ) for the M. and F. G. and ( us ) for the N. G. Q. What is the Superlative Degree ? A. It is a Degree that exceeds i●s Positive in the highest , in signifying , so that one thing being compared with many , is said to be most of all this thing or that thing . Q. Whence is it formed , and what is the Sign thereof ? A. It is formed of the first Case of its Positive that endeth in I , by putting to it the Letter S , and Simus ; as , Duri Durissimus , the Sign of it is ( most ) put before its English ; as , most hard : or ( est ) added to its English ; as , hardest . Q. How do you compare the said three Degrees of Comparison ? A. By declining altogether in ea●h Cafe and Gender ; as , Nom. Durius , durior , durissimus ; dura , durior , durissima ; durum , durius , durissimum : Gen. Duri , durioris , durissimi : Dat. Duro , duriori , durissimo , &c. Q. How many Exceptions are there from these regular and general Rules of Comparison ? A. There are four , which make an irregular Comparison . Q. Which is the first irregular Comparison or Exception ? A. It is of these five Nouns , Bonus , melior , optimus ; Majus , pejor , pessimus ; Magnus , major , maximus ; ●arvus , minor , minimus ; Multus plurimus , multa plurima , multum plus plurimum ; with many more in the Latin Grammar . Q. Which is the second irregular Comparison or Exception ? A. It is of Positives that end in ( r ) which form their Superlatives of the Nominative Case , by putting to it rimus ; as , Pulcher , pulcherrimus ; Niger , nigerrimu● , &c. except Dexter , dexterrimus ; maturus , maturimus , or maturissimus . Q. Which is the third irregular Comparison or Exception ? A. It is of these six Nouns ending in lis , which make the Superlative by changing lis into limus ; as , Humilis , humillimus ; Similis , simillimus ; Facilis , fac●llimus ; Gracilis , gracillimus ; Docilis , docillimus ; agilis , agillimus . Q. How do all other Nouns in ( 〈◊〉 ) form their Superlative Degree ? A. They follow the general and regular Rule of Comparison . Q. Which is the fourth irregular Comparison or Exception ? A. It is of Adjectives having a Vowel before Vs , which then are compared by the two Adve●bs , magis before the Comparative , and maximè before the Superlative ; as , Pius , magis pius , maximè pius ; assiduus , magis assiduus , maximè assiduus . Q. Why are not Adjectives compared when a Vowel comes before Us ? A. Because the C●mparative ought to exceed the Positive by a Syllable ; as , doctus , doctior ; which cannot be in those Adjectives that have a Vowel before Us ; f●r I , between two Vowels becomes a Consonant : Or if it remain a Vowel , whereby it may exceed the Positive , from that co●course of Vowels would arise a Cacophaton or unpleasant sound . Q. What is the second Part of Speech , viz. a Pronoun ? A. It is a Part of Speech much like to a Noun , or put instead of a Noun ; and therefore called a Pronoun ; but not having the Sign A or The before it . Q. How many manner of ways is a Pronoun us'd ? A. Two manner of ways , in shewing or rehearsing . Q. How doth it d●ffer from a Noun ? A. Thus : a Pronoun first hath reference to a Noun , and after that signifies the thing ; but a Noun signifies the thing immediately . Q. Why was a Pronoun invented ? A. That it might be join'd to the first and second Person of a Verb , which a Noun wants . Q. How many Pronouns are there ? A. There are fisteen , Ego , tu , sui , ille , ipse , iste , hic , is , meus , tuus , suus , noster , vester , nostras , vestras . Q. What Case do Pronouns want ? A. They all want the Vocative Case , except tu , meus , noster , and nostras , and sui wants the Nom. and Vocative . Q. What Pronouns may be added to the fifteen ? A. 〈◊〉 , tute , idem , and also qui , quae , quod . Q. How many fold is a Pronoun ? A. Two-fold , either Substantive or Adjective . Q. How many Pronoun Substantives are there ? A. Three , Ego , tu , sui , with their Compounds . Q. How many Pronoun Adjectives ? A. Twelve ; I lle , ipse , iste , hic , is , meus , tuus , suus , noster , vester , nostras , vestras , and qui , that 's added to them . Q. How are Pronouns divided according to their Species ? A. They are divided into Primitives and Derivatives . Q. How many Pronoun-Primitives are there ? A. Eight ; Eg● , tu , sui , ille , ipse , iste , hic and is . Q. Why are they called Primitives , and what are they called besides ? A. They are called Primitives from Prima first and chiefest , and therefore they cannot be derived of others ; they are called also Demonstratives , because they commonly shew a thing not spoken of before . Q. How many of th●se Primitives may also be called Relatives ? A. Four , Hic , ille , iste , and is . Q. How many Pronoun Relatives are there ? A. Six , Hic , iile , iste , is , idem , and qui , which is the most special Relative . Q. But how can hic , ille , iste , and is be Demonstratives and Relatives too ? A. Because they serve both to shew and rehearse . Q. How many Pronoun Derivatives are there , and why are they so called ? A. There are Seven ; meus , tuus , suus , noster , vester , n●stras , vestras ; so called , because they are derived of mei , tui , sui , nostri , and vestri , being the Genitive Cases singular or plural of ego , ●u , sui ; for of mei and nostri , the genitive , singular and plural of ego , comes meus , noster , and nostras ; of tui and vest●i the gen . 〈◊〉 . and plur . of tu , comes tuus , vester , and vestras , and of sui comes suus . Q. How many sorts of Derivatives are there ? A. Two , Possessives ; as , meus , tuus , suus , noster , and vester , and Gentiles , as , nostras , vestras . Q. But what say you of the number of Pronouns , viz. Fifteen , for there are Eight Primitives , Six Relatives , and Seven Derivatives , which make them to be Twenty One , and withal quis , uter , qualis , and many others are accounted Pronouns by good Gramma●ians , for they may signifie instead of a Noun ? A. As for the number Twenty One. I have shewed already that some of the Pronouns were both Primitives and Relatives : as for other words that are reck●n'd Pronouns by some Grammarians , they signifie no certain or determinate thing , as the fifteen Pronouns do , and therefore they are not Pronouns , but Nouns Adjectives . Q. How many things belong to a Pronoun ? A. Five , according to the Accidence , Number , Case , and Gender , ( which belong also to a Noun ) Declension and Person , which it hath of its own ; it hath also the Accidents common to all the Parts of Speech , z●z . Form and Figure . Q. How may one know the Gend●r in Pronoun Substantives ? A. Thus : Pronoun Substantives are of the same Gender with the thing whereof they are properly spoken . The Gender of Pronouns-Adjectives is known like as in Nouns-Adjectives . Q. How many Declensions of Pronouns are there ? A. There are four declensions of Pronouns . Q. How may one know of what declension a Pronoun is ? A. By the ending of the Genitive Case singular , like as in Nouns . Q. How doth the Genitive Case singular of each of the declensions end ? A. They end thus : The First Second Third Fourth   i i●s i ae i atis   jus Q. What Pronouns be of the first Declension ? A. These three , ego , tu , sui , declined as in the Book , &c. Q. What Pronouns be of the second Declension ? A. These six , ille , ipse , iste , which three make the Genitive Case in ius , like unus ; and hic , is , and qui , which make the Genitive in jus . Q. How is iste declined ? A. Thus ▪ Sing . Iste , ista , istud ; as in the Book , &c. Q. How are ille and ipse declined ? A. Like iste , saving that ipse maketh ipsum in the N. G. of the Nom. and Acc. Case singular , and not ipsud . Q. How is hic declined ? A. Thus : Sing . Nom. Hic , haec h●c , Gen. Hujus , Dat. H●●c , &c. Q. How are is and qui declined ? A. Thus , as in the Book : Sing Nom. Is , ea , id , &c. Qui , quae , quod , &c. Q. Why do they say Quî in the Ablative Case ? A. 〈◊〉 Qui in the Ablative Case is of all Genders , and may be put for Quo , quà , or quo . Q. How are quis and quid declined ? A. Like qui. Q. How is Quisquis declined ? A. Thus : Sing . Nom. Quisquis Acc. Quicquid Abl. Quoqu● ,   Quaqu● , Qui●qui● Qu●quo . Q. What is the difference between Quid and Quod ? A. Quid is always a Substantive of the N. G. Qu●d requireth for the most part a Substantive or an Antecedent . Q. Which Pronouns are of the third Declension ? A. These five Possessives ; me●s , tu●s , su●s , n●ster , and vester . Q. How are they declined ? A. Like Nouns Adjectives of three terminations , except that meus makes mi in the M. G. of the Vocat . Case singular . Q. How is meus then declined ? A. Thus ; meus , mea , m●●n , &c. Q. How are noster , and tuus , suus , vester declined ? A. Like meus , saving that tuus , suus , vester want the Voc. Case . Q. What Pronouns are of the fourth Declension ? A. Nostros , vestras , and this Noun cujas . Q. How are they declined ? A. They , and many more such , as Londinos , Arpiu●● , Ravennas , Pelia● , are declined thus , and not as the Book directs : Sing . Nom. Hic , haec & h●● nost●as . Gen. Hujus nostratis . Dat. 〈◊〉 nostrati . Acc. Hunc & hanc nostratem , & hoc nostras , &c. Q. What are these of the fourth Declension called , and why so called ? A. They are called Gentiles , because they properly betoken pertaining to Countries or Nations , to Sects , Sides , or Factions . Q. What Auth●rity have you contrary to the B●ok , that these Adjectives Gentiles in ( As ) should be of all the three Genders , and n●t have the 〈◊〉 Gender in ( Ate ) ? A. I have the greatest Authors ; as , In quo ●lexus est ad iter Arpinas : Cicero . Capenas bellum liv . l. 5. & l. 8. Bellum Privernas initum est . Th●se Adjectives first of all had their N●minative in ( atis ) , and were declined like Tristis ; but since the Termination Atis hath been contracted in As , they are of all the three Genders , and they may all of them be declined as Felix . Q. What is the fifth thing belonging to a Pronoun ? A. It is Person , or any thing which speaketh of it self , or is spoken to , or spoken of . Q. How many Persons hath a Pronoun ? A. It hath Three . Q. What is the first Person ? A. The first Person speaketh of himself alone ; as , Ego , I ; or with others , as , Nos , We : and these two are properly all the words of this first Person . Q. What is the second Person ? A. It is the Person or Thing spoken to , either alone or with others ; as , Tu , Thou ; Vos , Ye : and these two are properly also all the words of this second Person . Q. What Case is of the second Person ? A. Every Vocative Case . Q. What is the third Person ? A. It is the Person or Thing that is spoken of ; as , Ille , He ; Illi , They : and of this Person are all Nouns , Pronouns and Participles , except the four words of the first and second Person , viz. Ego , Nos , Tu , and Vos . Q. Which are the more worthy Persons ? A. The first is more worthy than the second , and the second more worthy than the third . Q. Which is the Third Part of Speech ? A. It is a Verb. Q. What is a Verb ? A. It is a Part of Speech declined with Mood and Tense , and betokens or signifies doing ; as , Amo , I love : or suffering ; as , Amor , I am loved : or being ; as , Sum , I am . Q. What is the difference between a Noun and a Verb ? A. A Noun signifies the Name of a Thing ; a Verb signifies the manner of doing , suffering , or being of that Thing . Q. How many-fold is a Verb ? A. It is two-fold , Personal and Impersonal . Q. What is a Verb Personal ? A. A Verb Personal is that which is declined with three Persons in both Numbers , and such as hath a Nom. Case . Q. What is a Verb Impersonal ? A. A Verb Impersonal , according to the Book , is that which hath no Persons , or rather it is a Verb which is declined in the third Person singular only , and hath no Nom. Case . Q. How many kinds of Verbs Personals are there ? A. Five , according to the Book , Active , Passive , Neuter , Deponent , and Common , which is now grown out of use . Q. How do these five sorts of Verbs differ one from another ? A. They differ three ways ; 1. In Termination , for some end in O , as , Actives and Neuters ; some in Or , as Passives , Deponents , and Commons , and a few Neuters ending in M ▪ as sum , forem , inquam , possum . 2. They differ in signification . 3. In declining or forming . Q. How is a Verb Active known ? A. By its ending in O , and betokening or signifying to do ; as , Amo , I love . Q. What may a Verb Active be made ? A. It may be made a Verb Passive , by putting to it r ; as , Amo , Amor. Q. How is a Verb Passive known ? A. A Verb Passive endeth in ( or ) and betokeneth or signifieth to suffer ; as Amor , I am loved . Q. What may a Verb Passive be made ? A. It may be made an Active , by putting away r ; a● , Amor , Amo. Q. How doth a Verb Neuter end ? A. In O or M ; as , Curro , I run ; Sum , I am . Q. Cannot a Verb Neuter , seeing it ends in ( O ) as well as a Verb Active , take ( R ) to make it a Passive ? A. No ; for tho' I say , Curro , I run , yet I cannot say , Curror , I am run . Q. How doth a Verb Neuter signifie ? A. It signifies sometimes actively ; that is , like a Verb Active ; as , Curro , I run , and sometimes passively , or like a Verb Passive ; as , Aegroto , I am sick ; and sometimes it signifies being , as , Sum , I am . Q. How doth a Verb Deponent end ? A. It ends in ( R ) like a Passive . Q. How doth it signifie ? A. It signifies either like a Verb Active , as , Loquor Verbum , I speak a word ; or like a Verb Neuter , signifying actively ; as , Glorior , I boast . Q. How is a Verb Deponent declined ? A. Like a Verb Passive , but with Gerunds and Supines , especially the first Supine , and with Active Participles . Q. How doth a Verb Common end , which you say is out of use ? A. It ends in ( R ) like a Verb Passive . Q. How doth it signifie ? A. It signifies both as a Verb Active , and as a Verb Passive , and therefore it is called a Verb Common ; as Osculor , I kiss or am kissed . Q. May I take away ( R ) from a Verb Deponent or Common , whereby they may be made Actives , for they both end like a Verb Passive , and the one of them ( viz. ) a Verb Common , signifies also like a Verb Passive ? A. No , you cannot take away ( R ) , for Loquor cannot be made Loquo , nor Osculor Osculo . Q. Some Verbs are said to be Transitive , others Intransitive , how may I know which is which ? A. Thus : those are Transitive whose Action or Doing passeth into another thing , and have not a perfect sence in themselves ; as , when I say , Amo , I love , I must say I love something ; as , Amo Magistrum , I love the Master . Q. How may I know which are Intransitive Verbs ? A. Intransitives are those which have an absolute and perfect sence in their own Signification , without asking the Question whom or what ; ( which may be asked in Transitives ) as , Curro , I run ; agroto , I am sick ; after which I need not add or put any thing . Q. How many things belong to a Verb ? A. There belong to it properly these f●ur , viz. Kind , Mood , Time , and Conjugation , with ●●rm , Figure , Number , and Person , which are Accidents c●mm●n to the other declined parts of Speech as well as to a Verb. Q. What is Mood , for we ●ave sp●ke already of the kinds of Verbs ? A. Mood is an Accident that add●th to the signification of a Verb the manner of signifying . Q. How many Moods are there ? A. Four properly , and indeed ; tho' the Book saith six . Q. What is the Indicative Mood ? A. It is a Mood that shews a Reason true or false ; as Ego amo , I love ; or else asks a Question and doubteth , as , Amas tu , Dost thou love ? Q. What is the Imperative Mood ? A. It is a Mood that biddeth or commandeth , exhorteth or intreateth , and it hath often before it ( except in the second Person sing , and pl. ) this sign Let ; as , Amato , Let him love . Q. Why doth the Imperative Mood want the first Person singular ? A. Because the first Person , being the Person that speaketh , cannot be said to comm●nd himself . Q. But how can it be , that Passives have an Imperative Mood , seeing that a Passion cannot be commanded ? A. Because a disposition to do , bel●●gs to the Doer or Agent , and therefore he is justly commanded ; as , Amator ab hero , ( i. e. ) So order or behave your self that you may be beloved of your Master : So Docetor , Be thou taught , ( i. e. ) Reject not your Teacher , but mark well what he saith . Q. How know you the Subjunctive Mood ? A. The Subjunctive Mood dependeth on another Verb in the same Sentence , and hath evermore some Conjunction ( or an Adverb having the nature of a Conjunction ) joyned with it ; as , Ede ut vias : Cuma●tarem : or else it hath some Indefinite coming between ; as , Qui , quid , qualis , quo , &c. as , vide quid agas . Q. Why do you leave out the Optative and Potential Mood ? A. Because they d●ffer not from the Subjunctive , except in the manner of signifying ; so that the same Mood implying wishing , is called the Optative ; signifying a power , duty or desire the Potential ; with a Conjunction , or an Adverb having the nature of a Conjunction , it is called the Subjunctive . Q. But why do you chuse to call this Mood the Subjunctive , rather than either the Optative or Potential ? A. Because the Subjunctive is far more used ; and it is usual for things to have their denomination from the chief and principal . Q. Is not the Subjunctive used sometimes instead of the Imp●●ative ? A. It is s● ; as , Tuâ quod nihil resert percontari desinas , for desine , Ter. Nihil incommodo valetudinis tuae f●●●ris , for fac , Cicero . So in these Expressions , Ut vidiam , Let me see ; Cures , Have a care ; Fiat , Let it b●d●ne ; and in our Obligations , Noverint universi , f●r noscant . Q. How are the third Persons of the Imperative Mood Active and ●assive , ending in to , and tor , called by Grammarians ? A. They are called Modus Legitimus , The Lawyers Mood , according to Vossius ; because it is used by Lawyers most commonly ▪ Q. How know you the Infinitive Mood ? A. The Infinitive Mood signifies , to do , to suffer , or to be , and it hath neither Number , nor Person , to limit its signification , and therefore it is called Infinitive , and it hath ●o Nom. Case before him ; being no real Mood of it self , but as it may be resolved by Qu●d or ut , an , quin or ne non , &c. Q. What are peculiarly belonging to the Infinitive Mood ? A. Three Gerunds and two Supines . Q. Why do the Gerunds and Supines belong to the Infinitive Mood ? A. Because their signification ( like that of the Infinitive Mood ) is infinite , not making difference of Number or Person . Q. How do the three Gerunds end ? A. In di , do and dum . Q. What significations have Gerunds ? A. They have both the Active and Passive signification ; as , amandi , of loving or of being loved ; amando , in loving or in being loved ; amandum , to love or to be loved . Q. How do you decline Gerunds , and what are they , are they Verbs or Participles ? A. They are declined in the Verb , yet they are not Verbs , because they want Tenses , which a Verb must have ; nor are they Participles , ( tho' they are like those in dus ) for they denote no time , as a Participle doth , and withal , they have an Active and Passive signification , which a Participle hath not ; therefore , with Vossius and others , I leave th●m to be Nouns Verbal Substantives Pentaptots of the second Declension . Q. Why may they not be Verbs , seeing they retain their Construction ? A. That matter 's not , for that is common to Nouns ; as , Quod si est obtemperatio legibus scriptis , Cicero . So Plautus , Quid tibi hanc curatio est rem . Q. How do the two Supines end ? A. The first ends in um , and the latter in u. Q. Why is that which ends in um , called the first Supine ? A. Because it hath the signification of the Verb Active ; as , Eo ama●um , I go to love . Q. Why is that which ends in u , called the latter Supine ? A. Because it hath for the most part the signification Passive ; as , Difficilis amatu , Hard to be loved . Q. What are Supines ? A. They are Nouns Verbal Substantives ( as the Gerunds are ) Dipto●s of the fourth Decl●nsion . Q. Do they change their Gender ? A. No , for if they did , they could not be said to be Substamives ; for we say , Vitam ire perditum , not perditam . Q. What is the third Accident of a Verb , viz. Tense ? A. It is the difference of a Verb , according to the times past , present or to come . Q. How many Tenses or Times are there ? A. Five ; the Present Tense , the Preterimperfect Tense , the Preterperfect Tense , the Preterpluperfect Tense , and the Future Tense . Q. What Time doth the Present Tense speak of ? A. It speaks of the Time that is now present , known by the Signs , Do or Am ; as , Amo , I do love ; Am●t , I am loved . Q. What Time doth the Preterimperfect Tense speak of ? A. It speaks of the Time not perfectly past , but as it were still present , known by the Signs , Did or Was ; as , Amabam , I loved or did love ; Amabar , I was loved . Q. What Time doth the Preterperfect Tense speak of ? A. It speaks of the Time perfectly past , tho' lately ; with this Sign , Have or have been ; as , Amavi , I have loved ; Amatus sum vel fui , I have been loved . Q. What Time doth the Preterpluperfect Tense speak of ? A. It speaks of the Time more than perfectly past , or past a long while since , with this Sign , Had or had been ; as , Amaveram , I had loved ; Amatus eram vel fueram , I h●d been loved . Q. What Time doth the Future Tense speak of ? A. Of the Time to come , with this Sign , Shall or will , or shall or will be ; as , Amabo , I shall or will love ; Amabor , I shall or will be loved . Q. Which are the Root or Principal Tenses in Conjugating of a Verb Active or Neuter ? A. They are the Present Tense and Preterperfect Tense , from which all the other Tenses , called Cognat● Tempora , allied Tenses , are formed . Q. How may one come to know every kind of Verb , and what Tense it is of ? A. B● their Signs ; for every Verb that signifies Actively , is either a Verb Active or Neuter , signifying Actively , or else it is a Verb D●ponent : and every Verb , tha● signifies Passively , is either a Verb Passive or a Verb Neuter , signifying Passivel● : The Signs of which Verbs and their Tenses , this Table will make plain . The Signs of the Verbs and thei● Tenses are of the   Actives Neuters , signif●ing Actively and Dep●nents . Passives and N●uters , signifying Passively . Present Tense . Do , dost , doth . Am , is , are , art , and sometimes be was , were , wert . Preterimp . Did , didst . Preterpe●f . Have , hast , hath . Have been . Preterplup . Had , hadst . Had been . Future Tense , Shall or will and hereafter . Shall or will be . Q. What is Person in a Verb ? A. Every several word , in every 〈◊〉 and Tense , except the Infinitive , which hath no Person . Q. Why are these called Persons in a Verb ? A. Because one of the three Pe●sons of the Pr●n●un is understood in every one of them ; as , Amo , I l●ve , is as mu●h as Ego amo , I love ; Amas , thou lovest , is as much as Tu amas , thou lovest . Q. How many Persons are there in Verbs ? A. In Verbs Personals th●re are three Persons in both Numbers , like as in the Pronouns ; as , Sing . Ego 〈◊〉 , I love , tu amas , thou lovest , i●e amat , he loveth , Pl. Nos amamus , we love , v●s amatis , ye love , illi amant , they love . Q. Hatb every Mood and Tense three Persons in both Numbers ? A. Ye● in perfect Verbs , except that the Imperative Mood wants the first Person Singular , and the Infinitive hath no Persons at all . Q. How differ your Persons in Verbs from Persons in Nouns and P●●nouns ? A. The Persons in Nouns and Pr●nouns , signifie who or what Person it is that doth or suffereth any thing . The Persons in Verbs , signifie what it is that such a Person doth or suffereth ; as , Magister docet , the Master teacheth ; Magister is the Person of the Noun doing something , Docet the Person of the Verb signif●ing what he doth . Q. What is the next Accident of a Verb , viz. Conjugation ? A. It is the varying of a Verb by its final Terminations in both Numbers in every Person in each Mood and Tense . Q. How many Conjugations have Verbs ? A. They have four Conjugations . Q. How may the four Conjugations be known asunder ? A. By their several Vowels , which are the Marks or Characteristicks to know them by . Q. What Vowel is that by which we know the first Conjugation ? A. It is ( a ) long before , re , and , ris ; as , Amāre , amaris . Q. What Vowel is that by which we know the second Conjugation ? A. It is ( c ) long before , re , and , ris ; as , Docēre , decē●is . Q. What Vowel is that by which we know the third Conjugation ? A. It is ( e ) short before , re , and , ris ; as , Legĕre , legĕris . Q. What Vowel is that by which we know the fourth Conjugation ? A. It is ( i ) long before , re , and , ris ; as , Audīre , audīris . Q. Where shall one find this ( re ) and ( ris ) to know the Conjugation by ? A. You will find ( re ) in the Infinitive Active , and ( ris ) in the second Person Sing . Passive . Q. What is the Forming or Conjugating of a Verb ? A. It is the breaking or varying the first 〈◊〉 of the Verb into sundry other words coming of it by Persons , Tenses and Moods . Q. In declining and conjugating of Verbs , what am I chiefly to mind ? A. You are to mind in every Voice the first and second Person of the Present Tense , and the first Person of the Preterperfect Tense of the Indicative Mood , the Presen● Tense of the Infinitive Mood ; the Gerunds , Supines and Participles , if the Verb be Active , Neuter or Deponent ; if Passive , you must omit the Gerunds and Supines , which Passives have not . Q. How many Examples have you to decline and conjugate all perfect Verbs by ? A. I have four , according to the number of the Conjugations . Q. What are the four Examples of the four Conjugations ? A. They are , Amo , D●cco , Lego , and Audio . Q. How do you decline them ? A. Thus ; as in the Book , Amo , as , vi , re , &c. Doc●o , es , ui , c●re , &c. Lego , is , gi , ĕre , &c. Audio , is , ivi , i●e , &c. Q. Into how many Voices are these Examples formed ? A. Into ●wo , Active and Passive : for all regular Verbs in ( o ) are formed or declined like Amo , Docco , Lego , and Audio : And all regular Verbs in ( or ) like Amor , Doceor , Legor , and Audior . Q. What Method ought a Tyr●●in●an to observe for the perfect understanding and learning of Verbs , for I find that therein , and in the declining of Nouns , consists the chiefest business of a Master , and the greatest task of a young Stholar ? A. For the Verbs , I would have him always use this Method : First to learn them perfectly , as in the Book , with the Latin before the English ; after that with the English before the Latin , naming each Person Singular and Plural , that he may know which is the first , second or third : after this , let him say them backward with the Latin first before the English , and then the English before the Latin. This being done , he may joyn both the Active and Passive Voice together , and put first the Latine before the English , and then the English before the Latin. And lastly , Let him say both Voices backward , with the Latin before the English , and the English before the Latin , observing the Signs of the Verbs and Tenses in each Voice , according to the foregoing Table . I would have him also learn to form and run over the first Person Singular throughout each Mood and Tense , and to get perfectly the Terminations of the Tenses in every Person in each Voice , first in the Active , after that in the Passive ; last of all , let him get the Terminations Active and Passive both together . Q. Which are the Terminations Active and Passive in each Conjugation , Mood , Tense , Number , and Person . A. The Active and Passive are as followeth . Indicative Mood Active and Passive . Present Tense . Conjugations .   Pers . Sing . Persons Plural . Persons Singular . Persons Plural .   1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. o , as , at , amus , atis , ant . or , aris vel are , atur , amur , amini , antur . 2. eo , es , et , emus , etis , ent . eor , eris vel ere , etur , emur , emini , entur . 3. o , is , it , imus , itis , unt . or , eris vel ere , itur , imur , imini , untur . 4. io , is , it , imus , itis , iunt . ior , iris vel ire , itur , imur , imini , iuntur . Preterimperfect Tense . Conjugat . 1. abam ,                       2. ebam , bas , bat , bamus , batis , bant , bar , baris vel bare , batur , bamur , bamini , bantur . 3. ebam , 4. iebam ,                       Preterperfect Tense . Conjugat . 1.                         2. i , isti , it , imus , istis , erunt vel ere . us sum , us es , us est , ti sumus , ti estis , ti sunt . 3. 4.                         Preterpluperfect Tense . Conjugat . 1. eram , ra● , r●t , ●amus , ratis , rant . us eram , us era● , us erat , ti eramus , ti e●atis , ti erant . 2. 3. 4. Future Tense . Conjugat . 1. abo , bis , bit , bimus , bitis , bunt . bor , beris vel bere , bitur , bimur , bimini , bun●ur . 2 ●bo , 3. am , es , et , emus , etis , ent . a● , eris vel ere , etur , emur , emini , entur .     4. iam ,           iar , ieris vel iere , ietur , iemur , iemini , ientur . Imperative Mood Active and Passive . Present Tense . 1. a , et , emus , ate , ent . are , etur , emur , amini , e●tur . ato , ato , atote , anto . ator , ator , amin●r , antur . 2. e , eat , eamus , ete , eant . ere , eator , eamur , emini , eantur . eto , eto , etote , ento . etor , etor , eminor , entur . 3. e , at , amus , ite , anto . ere , atur , amur , imini , antur . ito , ito , itote , unto . itor , itor , iminor , untor . 4. i , iat , iamus , ite , iant . ire , iatur , iamur , imini , iantur . ito , ito , itote , iunto . itor , itor , iminor , iuntor . Subjunctive Mood . Present Tense . Conjugat . 1. em , es , et , emus , etis , ent . er , eris vel ere , etur , emur , emini , entur . 2. eam , as , at , amus , atis , ant . ar , aris vel are , atur , amur , amini , antur . 3. am , 4. iam , Preterimperfect Tense . Conjugations 1. arem , res , ret , remus , retis , rent . arer , reris vel rere , retur , remur , remini , rentur . 2. erem , erer ,       3. erem , erer , 4. ierem , ierer , Preterperfect Tense . Conjugat . 1. erim , ris , rit , rimus , ritis , rint . us sim , us sis , us sit , ti simus , ti sitis , ti sint . 2. 3. 4. Preterpluperfect Tense . Conjugat . 1. issem , isses , isset , issemus , issetis , issent . us essem , us esses , us esset , ti ess●mus , ti essetis . 2. ti essent . 3. 4. Future Tense . Conjugat . 1. ero , ris , rit , rimus , ritis , rint . us ero , us eris , us erit , ti erimus , ti eritis , ti erint . 2. 3. 4. Infinitive Mood . Present and Preterimperfect Tense . Conjugations   Active . Conjugations   Passive . 1. are . 1. ari . 2. ere . 2. eri . 3. ere . 3. i. 4. ire . 4. iri . Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect Tense . Conjugations   Active . Conjugations   Passive . 1. isse . 1. um esse vel fu●sse . 2. 2. 3. 3. 4. 4. Future Tenses . Conjugat . 1. Active . Conjugat . 1. Passive . 2. urum esse . 2. um iri vel ndum esse . 3. 3. 4. 4. Gerunds . Conjugat . 1. andi , ando , andum . 2. endi , endo , endum . 3. endi , endo , endum . 4. iendi , iendo , iendum . Supines . Conjugat . 1. um , u. 2. 3. 4. Participles of the Present Tense . Conjugat . 1. ans . 2. ens . 3. ens . ● . iens . Participle of the Preter Tense . Conjugat . 1. us . 2. 3. 4. Participle of the Future in rus . Conjugat . 1. urus . 2. 3. 4. Participle in dus . Conjugat . 1. and●s . 2. endus . 3. endus . 4. iundus . Q. Do the two Future Tenses of the Infinitive Mood Active and Passive vary and change their Gender and Number according to the Substantives they are joyned to ? A. The Future Passive is not changed either in Gender or Number ; ●s , Repudiatum iri legem intelligebat , Cicero . And , Rumor venit non datum iri uxorem filio , Ter. The Infinitive Active was not varied amongst the Ancients ; as , Per omnes Deos & Deas dejeravit occisurum eum hàc nocte quicum c●baret , for occisuram ; for he means the Maid Cosnina , Pl. Quo te occisurum minatur , speaking of a Woman . But this is an Archaismus and grown obsolete ; as , Cicero , lib. 2. De Divin . An credis hanc anum tam deliram futuram esse ? Q. What must we do in th●se Verbs that want the Future in rus ? A. We must use in its stead fore or futurum ; as , Spero fore ut contingatid nobis . Q. Do the Periphrastical Tenses of the Passive Voice vary their Gender according to their N●minative and Substantive ? A. They do ; as , Cicero , Pub. Clodium meo consilio interfectum esse dixisti . Q. How are Verbs Deponents declined ? A. Like Passives , but with Gerunds and Supines , ( especially the first Supine , because they want Actives ) and with Active Participles as we●l as Passive . Q. What signification have their Participles ? A. Their Participles of the Present Te●se , and Future in rus , sig●ifie and g●vern the same Cases as their Verbs ; their Participles of the Pret. Tense have both Active and Passive Signification , because their Verbs were formerly common : Their Participles in dus signifie always pass●vel . Q. How and from whence do we form their Preterperfect Tense ? A. To form their Preterperfect Tense , we must fancy or feign a regular Active . Q. What kind of Verbs are sum , possum , volo , nolo , malo , edo , fio , fero , feror , for they are not declined as Regular Verbs ? A. They are Verbs Irregular , or Verbs g●ing out of Rule , which are declined and formed by themselves . Q. What say you of E● and Que● , what do they make in the Preterimper●ect Tense , and Future of the Indicative Mood , and how do they make their Gerunds ? A. They make Ibam and Quibam in the Preterimperfect Tense , and Ib● and Quibo in the Future Tense , and eundi , eundo , eundum , in their Gerunds . Q. What Tenses are formed of the Preterperfect Tense of the Indicative Mood ? A. The Preterpluperfect of the same Mood , and the three last Tenses of the Subjunctive , and the Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect of the Infinitive Mood . Q. How are these formed of the Preterperfect Tense of the Indicative Mood ? A. Those which end in ram , rim , ro , are formed of it , by changing I into E short . Those which end 〈◊〉 sem or se , are formed of it , by putting to s , with sem or se . Q. What is a Verb Impersonal : and how known in English ? A. It is a Verb deficient in Person , for it is declined only in the third Person Singular , in all Moods and Tenses , and it is known by the Sign , It , before its English , and sometimes by the Sign , There ; but V●ssius saith , that a Verb Imper●onal wants the Imperative Mood , for which is used the Present Tense of the Subjunctive . Q. Why is it called I●p●●sonal , is it because it wants the Persons ? A. Not so , but because i● wants the first and second Person , as being the m●●t wor●hy , f●r the third Person being Indefinite cannot be called a Person . Q. What is a Participle ? A. It is part of Speech derived of a Verb having Declension , Case , and Gender , like a Noun , and Tenses like a Verb , and Number and Figure like both . Q. Why is it called a Participle ? A. It is so called from taking part of a Noun and part of a Verb. Q. How many kind of Participles are there ? A. Four ; two Active and two Passive ; of which , two may signifie the time present , and two the time future , for the Preter Tense Passive may be also present . Q. How do you know the kinds of Participles ? A. Partly by their ending , partly by their signification . Q. How know you a Participle of the Present Tense ? A. By its Latin in Ans or Ens , and its English in Ing. Q. Is every w●rd ending in Ing , a Participle of the Present Tense ? A. N● , unless the Latin end in Ans or Ens , and have ●●e other properties of a Participle ; for a word ending in Ing , having A or The before it , is a Noun Substantive . Q. Whence is a Participle of the Present Tense formed ? A. From the Preterimperfect Tense of the Indicative Mood , by changing the last syllable into us . Q. How know you a Participle of the Future in Rus , and whence is it formed ? A. I know it by its Latin ending in Rus , and by its signifying , to do , like the Infinitive Mood Active , and it is formed from the latter Supine , by putting to it rus . Q. How know you a Participle of the Present or Preter Tense Passive , and whence is it formed ? A. I know it by its English ending in d , t , or n , and its Latin in tus , sus , xus , and it is formed from the latter Supine , by putting to s , except Mortuns ; this kind of Participle is englished sometimes by the Sign having ; as , l●cutus , having spoken . Q. How know you a Participle of the Future in dus , and whence is it formed ? A. This Participle signifies , to ●● , like the Infinitive Mood Passive , and it is formed of the Genitive Case of the Participle of the Present Tense , by changing t is into dus ; as , Amantis , Amandus . Q. What if Actives want the Supines ? A. Then the Fu●ure in rus is wanting , and the Participle of the Preter Passive , for both are formed from the latter Supine Active ; so if the Preterperfect Tense Active b● wanting , the Supines , the Future in rus , and Preterperfect Tense Passive must be wanting . Q. What , or how many Participles can a Verb Deponent have ? A. Three at the least , the Present Tense , the Future in rus , and Preter Tense , and if it govern an Accusative Case , it forms also a Participle in dus . Q. How are these four kinds of Participles dec●ined ? A. Those of the Present like Adjectives of three Articles , the rest like Adjectives of three endings . Q. Why was a Participle invented ? A. That is might supply what w●s wanting to a Verb , ( to wit ) Case and Gend●r . So that a Participle is nothing else but a Casual Verb. Q. What is an Adverb ? A. It is a Part of Speech underlined , joyned to a Verb , Noun , or Participle , to express and signifie some circumstance or quali●y thereof . Q. How many 〈◊〉 of Adverbs are th●re ? A. There a●e several 〈◊〉 of Adverbs , but all of them may be reduced to those of Quality or Quan●ity . Q. Which are the first 〈◊〉 in the A●●idence ? A. They a●● Adverbs of 〈◊〉 ; as , hodie , to day ; cras , to morrow ; heri , ●esterday ; perinde , the next day after to morrow ; olim , in time past , or in time to come , or once ; aliquand● , sometimes ; nup●r , lately , or of late ; cum quando , 〈◊〉 ; nun● , jam , now ; tunc , tum , then ; quoad , usque , dum , don●● , until ; quamdi● , as long as . Q. What are the next sort of Adverbs ? A. They are Ad●erbs of place ; ubi , where ; ibi , istie , illie , there ; hi● , 〈◊〉 ; intus , within ; foras , without , or abr●ad ; fo●is , from abr●ad ; unde , from whence ; procu● , a far ●ff ; ubicunque , ubi ubi , where soever ; ubi vis , quovis , whe●e you will ; quoquo versum , which way soever ; ●squ●m , any where ; nusquam , no where ; undique , utroque , utro●ique , on both sides ; ultro citroque , to and ag●in ; quà , which way ; quo , whither , to what place , &c. Q. What Adverbs 〈◊〉 there of Number ? A. T●es● : s●mel , once ; 〈◊〉 , twice ; ter , thrice ; quater , four times ; vi●ies , twenty times ; iterum , again . Q. What are the Adverbs of Order ? A. They are , inde , thence ; deinde , afterwards ; denique , lastly , to e●●clude ; postremo , last of all . Q. What are the Adverbs of Asking and Doubting ? A. They are , cur , quare , quamobrem , wherefore ; unde , from whence ; quo●sum , to what end ; num , nunquid , whether , &c. Q. What are those of Calling ? A. 〈◊〉 are , ●eus , h● , O 〈◊〉 ; ehodum , come hith●r a lit●le ; ho , 〈◊〉 , &c. Q. What are th●se of Affirming ? A. They are , c●rt● , certainly ; nae , profectò , truly ; sauè , ye● ind●●d ; scilicet , yes forso●r● ; licèt , esto , let it b● s● . Q. What are the Adverbs of D●nying ? A. They are , non , minimè , no ; neutiquam , at no hand , in no wise ; nequaquam , in no wise . Q. What are the Adverbs of Exhorting ? A. E●a , go to , well ; age , go to ; agite , go ye to ; agedum ; go to a little . Q. What are th●se of Flatte●ing ? A. They are , sod●s , if thou durst , in good fellowship , I pray the● ; amabo , of all love . Q. What is the forbidding Adverb ? A. N● , n● , not . Q. What are the Adverbs of W●shing ? A. They are , utinam , I wish , oh that , or I would to God ; si , if it might ; ofi , 〈◊〉 that . Q. What are the Adverbs of gathering together ? A. They are , simul , together ; unà , in me t●gether ; pariter , together , likewise ; non modo , non sol●m , 〈◊〉 only . Q. What are those of Pa●ting ? A. They are , scorsim , asunder ; sigilla●im , 〈◊〉 ; vicatim , street by street , ●r village by village ; v●●tim , man by man. Q. What are the Adverbs of Chusi●g ? A. They are , potiùs , rather ; in●ò , yea rather . Q. What are th●se 〈◊〉 a thing not fin●shed ? A. They are , penè , ferè , modo non , almost ; propè , nigh , near , or almost , vix . scarecly . Q. What are those of Sh●wing ? A. They are , en and ecce , lo , b●●old . Q. What are the Adverbs of 〈◊〉 ? A. They are , forsan , for●●tan , ●●radventur● ; forta●sis , it may be ; forta●●e , it may fall out . Q. What are th●se of Chance ? A. They are , fortè , as hap was , by chance ; ●●rtuit● , by chance , or at adventure . Q. What are those of Likeness ? A. They are , sic , s● ; s●u , sicut , v●lut , quem ●●modum , ut , tanquam , as ; quasi , ac●i , as if ; qu●m quommodo , how . Q. What are the Adverbs of Qu●lity ? A. They are , benè , well ; malè , id ; doct● , l●ar●edly ; fortiter , valiantly . Q. What are th●se of Quanti●y ? A. They are , mult●m , 〈◊〉 ; parùm , 〈◊〉 ; minimùm , the least of ad ; paululùm , 〈…〉 s●mewhat ; plurimùm , the mo●t ●f a● , 〈…〉 . Q. What are the Adverbs of C●mparis●n ? A. They are , tam , s● ; quam , as ; mag●s , m●re ; minus , l●●s ; maximè , m●st of all ; tum tum , cum tum , as well as . Q. Are n●t some Adverbs compared ? A. Yes ; as , doctè , learnedly ; doctiùs , more learnedl● ; doctissimè , m●st learnedly , fr●m doctus . Fortitèr , valiantly ; fortiùs , more valiantly ; fortissimè , most valiantly , from fortis . Propè , near ; propriùs , nearer ; proximè , the nearest of all , from prope . But Adverbs borrow these Degrees of Nouns Adjectives of the Comparative and Superlative Degree , for they have none of their own , neither do they f●rm any Comparison . Q. What are Prepositions when they are set alone , without any Case serving to them ? A. They are turned into Adverbs ; as , Qui antè non cavet post dolebit , He that doth not beware aforehand , shall be sorry afterward . Coram laudare & clam vituperare inhonestum est , In presence to commend , &c. Q. How may 〈◊〉 know Adverbs ? A. Our English Adverbs commonly end in ly ; the Latin ere 's in ● , ter , o , um , im ; as , certè , libentèr , crebrò , tantùm , viritim , statim , &c. Q. What is a Conjunction ? A. It is an undeclined part of Speech , that joyneth Words and Sentences together . Q. How many sorts of Conjunctions are there ? A. There are twelve sorts of Conjunctions , Copulatives , Disjunctives , ( to which all the rest may be reduced ) Discretives , Causals , Conditionals , Exceptives , Interrogatives , Illatives , Adversatives , Redditives , Electives , Diminitives . Q. Which are the Copulatives , ( viz. ) those that couple both Sence and Words ? A. They are , Et , que , ●c , atque , and ; qu●que , also ; nee , neque , neither . Q. Which are the Disjunctives , ( viz. ) those which part the Sence and not the Words ? A. They are , au● , ●e , s●u , ●el , either ; sive , whether . Q. Which are the Discretives , ( viz. ) those that imply a Difference ? A. They are , sed , aut●m , vero , at , ast , but ; quidem , truly . Q. Which are the Causals , ( viz. ) those which imply a Reason ? A. They are , nam , namque , enim , etenim , for ; quia , qu●d , quoniam and quando set for quoniam , 〈◊〉 ; ut , that ; quum , seeing that . Q. Which are the Conditionals , ( viz. ) those that imply a Condition ? A. They are , si , if ; sin , but if ; modo , dum , dummode , so that . Q. Which are the Exceptives , ( viz. ) those that imply an Exception ? A. They are , ni , unless ; nisi , ex●ept ; quin , but ; alioquin , otherwise ; pr●●erquam , save that . Q. Which are the Interrogatives , ( viz. ) those which ask a Question ? A. They are , an , ne , utrum , whether ; ne●ne , anne , whether or no ; nonne ▪ is it not so ? Q. Which are the Illati●●s , ( viz. ) such as make Inferenees ? A. They are , ergo , ideo , igitur , itaque , proin , therefore ; quare , wherefore . Q. Which are Adversatives , ( viz. ) such as grant somewhat to be said against ? A. They are , etsi , quamquam , quamvis , altho ; licet , altho , albeit ; esto , suppose 〈◊〉 be so . Q. Which are Redditives , ( viz. ) such as give an answer to the Adversatives ? A. They are , tamen , yet ; attamen , yet , notwithstanding . Q. Which are Electives , ( viz ) such as imply a choice ? A. They are , quam , a● atque , as . Q. Which are Diminit●ves , ( viz. ) such as lessen the meaning ? A. They are , saltem , at the least ; vel , even . Q. What of the foregoing Pa●ticles use to begin , and what use to follow ? A. Those that use to begin are , Et , vel , nam , sed ; th●se that fo●low a●e , que , ve , enim , autem , vero , quidem . Q. What is a Preposition ? A. It is an undeclined part of Speech most commonly set before other parts , either in Apposition , that is , when it is set before another word , and is no part of it , as , ad Patre● ; or else in Composition , that is , when it is made a part of the word which it is set before , as , Indectus . Q. Why say you most commonly ? A. because some Prepositions are set after their Case ; as , Versus , p●n●s , tenus , cum and usp●e ; others may be set also after their casual words by the Figure Anastrap●e ; as , 〈…〉 . Q. What use do Prepositions chiefly serve to ? A. They serve to govern Cases or to make Compound Word● . Q. What Cases do Prepositions serve to ? A. Some serve to an Accusative and some to an Abl●tive , some both to an Accusative and Ablative . Q. How many serve to an Accusative ? A. Thirty two , viz. Ad , to ; apxd , at ; aute , before , &c. Q. How many serve to an Ablative ? A. Fifteen , viz. A , ab , abs , &c. Q. Do none of the Prepositions serve to a Genitive ? A. Yes , Tenus doth , when the casual word joyned with it is the Plural Number , for then the casual word is put in the Genitive Case and set before Tenus . Q. What Prepositions serve to an Accusative and Ablative ? A. In , super , sub , subter , and clam , as some will have it . Q. When doth in govern an Accusative Case ? A. When it hath the Sign in●● , or when it is put for erga , co●t●a , ad● , otherwise it serves to an Ablative . Q. When doth sub govern an Accusative ? A. When it is put for per , ad , or ante ; that is , when it signifies , unto , by , about or before , otherwise an Ablative . Q. When doth super govern an Accusative Case ? A. When it is put for ultra , beyond , else an Ablative ; subter we use as we please with either Case . Q. Have you no more Prepositions but those that serve to the aforesaid Cases ? A. Yes , these six , am , di , dis , re , se , con , which serve to no Case , for they are only found in Composition . Q. What is an Interjection ? A. It is an undeclined part of Speech which signifies some sudden Affection or Passion of the Mind in an imperfect Voice . Q. Are all Interjections imperfect V●ices ? A. All which are pr●perly Interjections , but masùm , with a mischief ; infandum , a thing not to be spoken of ● amabo , of all fell●wship ! perii , alas ! with several other perfect words of any part of Speech are not properly Interjections , tho' they may be so used to express a sudden Passion . Q. Which are the Interjections of Mirth ? A. They are , Evax , be brave ; vah , hey day . Q. Which are those of Sorrow ? A. They are , Heu , alas ; hei , alas , well-a-day . Q. Which are those of dread ? A. Atat , o● , out , alas , aha . Q. Which are the rest of th●m ? A. Some are of Marvelling ; as , Papae , O marvelous , O strange ! Some of Di●daining ; as , Hem , ob what ; vah , ab , away ! Some of Shunning ; as , Apage , get thee gone , Avant ! Some of Pra●sing ; as , Euge , well done ! Some of Sc●●ning ; as , hui , whoo ! Some of Exclamation ; as , Proh Deum atque hominum fidem , O the Faith of Gods and Men ! O strange ! Some of Cursing ; as , Vae , 〈◊〉 ; malùm , with a mischief . Some of Laughing ; as , Ha , ha , he ; ha , ha . Some of Calling ; as , Eho , oh ; ●o , ho Sirrah , avoy . Some of Silence ; as , Au , whist . Brief Examinations on the Four Parts of Grammar . Q. WHat is Grammar ? A. Grammar is an art of speaking well . Q. How many Parts of Grammar are there ? A. There are Four , Orthographia , Etymolegia , Syntaxis , 〈◊〉 , which last part most Grammarians make to be the Second . Q. What is Orthographia ? A. Orthographia is that part of Grammar which teacheth us the way to Write and Spell truly ; as , Lectio with 〈◊〉 , and not Lexio with an x. Q. How doth it differ from Orthoepia ? A. Orthographia , is a true writing of Letters ; Orthoepia , is a right pronunciation of them . Q. Seeing Orthographia teacheth us with what Letters every Syllable and Word are to be writ , what is a Letter ? A. It is the least part of a Word or an articulate Sound which cannot be divided . Q. How many Letters are there in the Latin Tongue ? A. There are twenty two , but K , Y , and Z , ( tho' they are in the number ) are not ●eckoned Latin Letters , and H is only a Note of Aspiration ; in the English there are twen●y four Letters . Q. How many fold is a Letter as to it s found ? A. It is two fold , Vowel and Consonant . Q. What is a Vowel ? A. It is a Letter that makes a perfect sound of it self ; as , A , E , I , O , V , and Y spelt like I , of which I and V become Consonants , when they are put either before other Vowels , or before themselves . Q. What if two Vowels joyned together make but one sound and are spelt at once ? A. They make a Dipthong . Q. How many Dipthongs are there ? A. The most usual in the Latin Tongue are five , ae , oe , au , ei , eu ; the less usual are , ai , oi , ui , and the Greek yi . In the English there are eight proper Vowels , ai , ei , oi , au , eu , ou , oo , ee , and six improper ones , to answer the first six proper ones , ay , ey , oy , aw , ew , ow. Q. What is a Consonant ? A. It is a letter that makes no sound of it self , but as it is joyned with a Vowel . Q. How many sold is a Consonant in Latin ? A. It is two sold , Mute and half Vowel . Q. What is a Mute ? A. It is a Letter which hath a very obscure sound , or rather none at all , unless what the Vowels do communicate . Q. How many Mutes are there ? A. Nine , according to the received Grammar , b , c , d , f , g , k , p , q , t , in all which the sound of the Vowel follows ; as , in be , ce , de , ge , pe , qu , te , except in f , where it goes before ; as , ef . Q. How many half Vowels are there , and what is a half Vowel ? A. It is a Letter which hath or makes some sound , and as it were half a sound of it self , of which there are seven , l , m , n , r , s , x , z , in which the sound goes before in the first six ; as , el , em , en , er , es , ex , but in z the sound follows . Q. How many fold are these half Vowels ? A. Two fold , either Liquids or Doubles , called Duplices in Latine . Q. What is a Liquid , and how many Liquids are there ? A. A Liquid is a Letter which being put after a Mute in the same syllable , melts away , ( i. e. ) loseth its force , of which there are four , l , m , n , r ; l and ● among the Latins only ; and m and n among the Greeks become Liquids , ( i. e. ) liquescunt . Q. May not s and u be added to Liquids ? A. Amongst the Ancients s in the end of a word became a Liquid ; as , Ennius in three places , Nunc seni● confectu ' quiescit pro confectus . Fa●it cur v●lito vivu ' per ora virûm , for vivus : Virgines nam sibi quisque domi Romanus habet sas , for suas . And so u , if g , q , or s , go before ; as , 1. Lingua , anguis . 2. Aequ●s , linquo . 3. Suadeo , suesco . Q. What is a Double , called in Latin Duplex , and how many of them ? A. A Duplex is that which is put for two Consonants , of which there are two , x and z , and sometimes i between two Vowels ; x is put for cs or gs ; as , dux , for dacs ; rex , for regs : z is put for ds ; as , Zephyrus , for Dsephyrus ; but the Latins use in the middle of a word to turn z into a double s ; as , patrish , for patrizo . Q. What do you mean when you say , S , est suae potestatis litera ? A. I mean , that s is neither a Liquid nor a Duplex . Q. What sort of Letters are r and y said to be ? A. R is said to be the canina litera , the doggish Letter , by reason of its snarlish or harsh sound : Y is called the Pythagorean Letter , because Pythagoras resembled Vertue to this Letter , spreading up its branches . Q. How many fold are Letters as to their shapes or as they are written . A. They are two fold , the Great and Capital Letters , and the Small Letters . Q. Where do we make use of great Letters ? A. 1. In the beginning of Periods . 2. In Proper Names . 3. In the Names of Arts , Dignities or Honours , Offices , Feasts , in the beginning of every Verse , Titles , and in words that have a great Emphasis , and also in the English Pronoun , I. Q. What do the Great or Capital Letters signifie , when they are writ alone ? A. They signifie , first , either a Praenomen , the first Name , ( or , as we term it , the Christian Name ) as , A. for Aulus ; C. for Caius ; D. for Decius ; or a Title ; as , L. for Lord ; LL. for Lords ; B. for Bishop ; BB. for Bishops : Or , secondly , the Great Letters signifie a Number ; as , I , for One ; V , for Five ; IX , for Nine ; X , for Ten ; XL , for Forty ; L , for Fifty ; XC , for Ninety ; C , for a Hundred ; D , for five Hundred ; M , for a Thousand . Q. Now we have done with single Letters , I pray , what must he do that will Spell right , and Write true Orthography ? A. He must readily learn to distinguish , or to part , and to joyn Syllables . Q. What is a Syllable ? A. It is a perfect sound , and distinct part of a word , being made up of as many Letters as we spell together : where note , that a Latin Syllable cannot exceed six Letters , and that an English Syllable may arise from one Letter to eight and no more ; and an English Word from one Syllable to seven and not above . Q. How many fold is a Syllable ? A. It is two fold ; Proper , consisting of one or more Consonants , with a Vowel or Dipthong ; or Improper , consisting of one only Vowel or Dipthong . Q. What Rule am I to observe concerning the right parting and joyning of Syllables ? A. A Consonant between two Vowels belongs to the latter ; as , in a-mor . 2. If a Consonant be doubled , the former belongs to the former Syllable , and the latter to the latter Syllable ; as , in an-nus . 3. Consonants which cannot be joyned in the beginning , are not to be joyned in the middle ; as , ar-duus . 4. Consonants which may be joyned in the beginning of a word , are joyned also in the middle ; as , no-ster , vo-lu-ptas . So bd , ct , ps , s● , tu , gm , gn , xi , do belong to the following Vowel ; as , in A-bdo-men , do-ctus , scri-psi , Ae-●●a , A-gmen , i-gnis , di-xi , &c. 5. In compound words , every part of syllable is to be separated from the other ; as , in-ers , abs-condo , juris-con-sultus . But observe , that in words compounded with a Preposition we must please the Ear , and a good and pleasing Sound ; as , o●●urro , rather than obcurro ; officio , rather than obsicio ; aufero , rather than abfero , &c. Between m and n we do not insert p ; no● do we commonly write s after x. Q. How is c pronounced or spelt before a , e , ae , oe i , y , o , u ? A. Before a , o , and u , like a k ; before the e , ae , oe , i , and y , like an s , with a hissing . Q. How is g spelt or pronounced before an e , or i , and how before a , o , and u ? A. Before e , and i , it sounds or is spelt softly , like gh , or like the Hebrew Jod , ( age egi ) before a , o , and u , hardly , like the Gre●k Gamma ; as , gaudium , gloria , gula . Q. What observation do you make of que and u , in spelling ? A. That q will have u after it , and u will have c before it and not k. Q. What observe you of the sound of ti ? A. I observe , that ti , when a Vowel follows , sounds or is spelt like si ; as , Orati● , patientia , &c. unless in Greek words ; as , Politia ; or in the beginning of a word ; as , T●ara ; or in the Infinitive Mood Paragogick ; as , mittier , for mitti : or if s , or x , goes before ; as , Quaestio , mixtio : or , lastly , in the Genitive Case Plural of vi●ium from vitis , to distinguish it from the Nominative vitium . Observe , That the syllable of any Latin or English word in the end of a line , is not to be disjoyned , but the word is to be continued by a Hyphen , called a Note of Continuation . Q. But have we not many English words in which several Letters are quiescent , or not pronounced ? A. Yes , for a is quiescent after the first a in Aaron , Canaan , Isaac ; after e in the same syllable ; as , conceal , b●stead ; and after o in the same syllable ; as , eneroach , hoary ; e is not sounded in George , heart , ●earken , M●neth , Tuesday , Atheism ; nor is ● sounded in the end of any English word , yet it alters the sound , and also it makes the syllable long in many words ; as , hau , have ; lou , love ; cau , cave ; sau , save ; mad , made ; tam , tame ; except that it is sounded in me , ye , be , he , we , and in certain words derived of other Languages ; as , Jesse , Penel●pe , C●ngè , Epitomè . Q. Are there any more of the Letters quiescent ? A. Yes , both Vowels and Consonants ; as , i and y , o and u , in Carriage , Attorney , People , buy , bu●ld , &c. b , in Lamb , Deb● ; c , in Pack , &c. g , in Ensign , Flegm , Reign , &c. h , in Ghost , John , &c. n , in Hymn , &c. p , in Psalm , Receipt , &c. s , in Isl● ; t , in catch , ditch , botch : with many such to be observed by Use and Reading . Q. How many are the Vices or Faults of Orth●●peia , sc . of Pronunciation ? A. They are tive ; Iotacismus , Lamdacismus , Ischnotes , Traulismus , Plateasmus , of which see the Grammar . Q. What are the Points and Stops used in Writing and observed in Reading ? A. They are these , 1. A Comma , marked thus , ( , ) which notes a small stay . 2. A Colon , with two pricks thus , ( : ) which notes a longer stay ; to which belongs a Semi-colon , marked thus , ( ; ) . 3. A Peri●d , marked thus , ( . ) which notes a full stay , as if we had ended . 4. A Note of Interr●gation , thus , ( ? ) used when we ask a Question . 5. A Parenth●s●● , marked thus , ( ) used when Words or a Sentence is added which might he left out , and yet the Sence whole ; as , Teach ●● , ( I pray you ) to read . 6. An Apostroph●● , which is a Comma writ over the place or top of a Vowel or Dip hong cut off ; as , lov'd , for loved ; 〈◊〉 , for Tantone . 7. A D●aeresis , which notes a Dipthong to be parted into two syllables , marked thus , ( ¨ ) as , Poeta , not Poeta . 8. A Point of Admiration or Exclamation , thus , ( ! ) 9. An Obelisk , thus , ( † ) and it is referred from the Matter to the Margent . 10. An Index , marked thus , ( ☞ ) which points from the Margent what is remarkable . 11. An Asterism , when any part of the Sentence is lost , marked thus , ( * ) . 12. A Paragraph , ( § ) . 13. A Parathesis notes an Adverb marked thus , ( ` ) . 14. A Note of a long quantity thus , ( ¯ ) ; and of a short quantity after this manner , ( ˘ ) . Q. What is the next Part of Grammar ? A. It is Etymologia , which teacheth the Proprieties and Difference of Words , especially in their Terminations , and it considereth and contains under it the Eight Parts of Speech , with their Accidents . Propria quae Maribus , Explained by QUESTION and ANSWER . Q. WHAT doth Propria quae Maribus contain , and to what part of Grammar doth it belong ? A. It contains General Rules for the Declining of Regular Nouns , and both it and Quae Genus belong to Etymologia , because they treat of Nouns which are the first part of Speech . Q. Into how many Parts may Propria quae Maribus be divided ? A. Into three ; viz. 1. Into Rules for the declining of Nouns Substan●ives Proper . 2. Into Rules for the declining of Nouns Substantives Common . 3. Into Rules for the declining of Nouns Adjectives . Q. How many General Rules are there for the declining of Nouns Substantives Proper ? A. Two ; Propria quae Maribus , that is , Proper Names of Males or He 's ; and Propia Fae●ineum , Proper Names of Females or She 's . Q. How many sorts of Proper Names are there of the Masculine Gender ? A. Five ; 1. Of Gods ; as , Mars , t is ; Bacchus , chi ; Apollo , inis . 2. Of Men ; as , Cato , onis ; Virgilius , lii . 3. Of Rivers ; as , Tybris , bris ; Acc. im ; Abl. i ; Orontes , t is . 4. Of Moneths ; as , October , bris ; Abl. i. 5. Of Winds ; as , Lybs , bis ; Notus , i ; Auster , i. Q. What Objections can you make against the foregoing Rule ? A. That the Names of Rivers are of that Gender which the Termination requires , for if they be Feminine or Neuters according to their Termination , and that nevertheless they be used in the Masculine Gender that happens by a Syllepsis , because the common Name Fluvius or Amnis is understood . 2. The Names of Moneths are Adjectives , used substantively , and Mensis is understood , which sometimes also is expressed . 3. In the Names of Winds there is a regard to the common word Ventus . Q. Grammarians averr , that Proper and Common Names , that signifie the Male-kind or He 's , are of the Masculine Gender ; how comes it to pass , that these Nouns of the Feminine Gender signifie Males or He 's , viz. Operae , Custodiae , Copiae , Vigiliae , Excubiae , Curae ? A. Because , first of all , and properly , they signifie Action , and by a Metonymia of the effect , they are spoken of Men , keeping the Gender of their proper signification : for the same reason , scortum , mancipium , and prostibulum , are Neuters . Q. How many sorts of Proper Names are there of the Feminine Gender ? A. Five ; 1. Of Heathenish Goddesses ; as , Juno , ōnis ; Venus , ●ris . 2. Of Women ; as , Anna , ae ; Philotis , ot●dis . 3. Of Cities ; as Elis , īdis ; Opus , untis . 4. Of Countries ; as , Graecia , ae ; Persis , īdis . 5. Of Islands ; as , Creta , ae ; Britannia , ae ; C●prus , i. Q. What Words are there excepted from this General Rule ? A. These Proper Names of Cities , viz. Sulmo , ōnis ; Agragas , gantis , are of the Masculine Gender ; Argos , gi ; Tibur , būris ; Praeneste , is , of the Neuter Gender ; and Anxur , u●is , of the Masculine and Neuter Gender . Q. What may be objected against the said Rule , that is , Propria Foemin●um ? A. That the Names of Cities , Countries , and Islands , do rather follow the Gender of their termination , and if they have an Adjective contrary to their termination , that 's by a Syllepsis ; and there is a regard to be had to the word Regio , Urbs , Terra , and the like . Q. Where doth the Second Part of Propria quae Maribus , that is , Rules for the declining of Substantives Common , begin ? A. It begins at Apellativa arborum . Q. How many things do you observe in this Second Part of Propria quae Maribus ? A. Three ▪ first , that those Substantives which are the Common Names of Trees have a General Rule by themselves for their declining , and are commonly according to their kind and nature of the Feminine Gender ; as Alnus , ni ; Cupressus , i ; Cedrus , i. Q. Are there any Exceptions to this Rule ? A. Yes , Pinaster , tri ; Oleaster , tri , of the Masculine Gender , and siler , eris ; suber , eris ; thus , uris ; ro●ur , oris ; ●cer , eris , of the Neuter Gender . Q. What is the Second Observation ? A. It is of Epicenes , that is , of Nouns which commonly and of their own nature under one Termination and one Gender signifie both kinds , ( i. e. ) the He and She ; yet not always ; as , in Gallus and Gallina ; Leo and Le●na . Q. How many kinds of Epicenes are there ? A. Three : 1. Of Birds ; as , Passer , ĕris , M. G. Hirando , inis , F. G. 2. Of ●easts ; as , Tygris , dis , F. Vulpes , is , F. 3 Of Fishes ; as , Ostrea , ae , F. Cetus ; ti , M. To Epicenes may be added Mancipium , sc●rtum , ●umentum , &c. Q. Of what Gender is every Noun that ●ndeth in um ? A. Of the Neuter ; as , Londinum , Latium , Brund●● sium , except Proper Names of Men and Women , according to the common exception , Omne quod exit in ●m , si ●ominum tu propria tollas , &c. Q. Of what Gender is every wor● that d●th not alter its Termination ? A. Of the N. G. if it be a Substantive ; as Nom. Nil , ●●n . Nil , Dat. Nil , &c. and whatever stands inst●ad of a Noun or Nom. Case : But Adjectives invariable , are of any Gender , according to the Substantive ▪ they agree wi●h ; as , 〈◊〉 homo , a good Husband ; Fr●gi 〈◊〉 , a good Housewife . So tot , quot , are of all Ge●ders . Q. How may the Genders of all other Nouns Substantives Common be known , which is the third thing observa●●● in this S●co●d Part of Propria quae Maribus ? A. Partly by the●r Signification , partly by their Termination , but principally by the G●nitive Case of ●ach 〈◊〉 according to the Special Rules with their ●xceptions . Q. How many Special Rules have you to know the Gender by the encrea●●ng or not encreasing of the G●ni●ive Case ? A. Three ; 1. N●men n●n crescens genitivo , &c. 2. Nom●n 〈◊〉 is p●nultima si genitivi syllaba acuta sonat . 3. Nom●n crescent is penultima si genitivi sit gravis , &c. Q. What is the meaning of the first Special Rule , Nomen non cr●s●ens ? A. That every Noun Su●stantive Common , that doth not encrease in the Genitive Case , ( i. e. ) that h●th no more syllables in the Genitive Case th●n in the Nominative , is of the Feminine Gender ; as , Caro , ca●nis ; Capra , ae ; Nubes , is . Q. How many Exceptions are there under this Rule ? A. Four ; Masculine , Neuter , Doubtful , and the Common of Two. Q. How many Rules of Masculine Exceptions not encreasing are there ? A. Four ; 1. Nouns ending in a , signifying the Offices of Men ; as , Scriba , assecla , scurra , rabula , Lixa , Lanista , ‑ ae . 2. Mascula Graecorum , ( i.e. ) Greek words that end in as and es , of the first Declension of the Greeks , and end in a , in the Latin , are of the M. G. as , satrapes , satrapa , athle●●s , athleta , ‑ ae ; ex ep● charta , margarita , cataracta , catapulta , &c. which are of the F. G. 3. These Mascusines , Ver●es , vatales , a●uales , ‑ is . 4. Nouns compounded of as , assis ; as , ●entussis , is . 5. These Nouns , Li●nis , ●●bis , callis , 〈◊〉 , follis , colli● , mensis , ensi , fustis , funis , panis , pen●s , crinis , ignis , caseis , fascis , 〈◊〉 , se●ti● , pis●is , 〈◊〉 , vermis , vectis , p●stis , axis , ‑ is . 6. All Nouns tha● end in er ; as , Venter , tris : in os ; as , 〈◊〉 , gi : in us ; as , Anmes , ni . Q. What kind of Rule is this , to wit , Faeminei generis sunt mat●r , humus , & c ? A. It is a Feminine Exception on the foregoing Rule , viz. on Mascula in er , &c. and no● on the first Special Rule ; for a Feminine Rule cannot have a Feminine Exception ; ●or M●ter , t●is , is an Exception of Nouns that end in er : And th●se Nouns , Humut , mi ; domus , mi , or ùs ; alvus , t ; colu● , i ; ficus ▪ ct , and cùs ; acus , porticus , ‑ cùs ; tribus , bùs ; 〈◊〉 , ●s ; nurus , ùs ; manùs , ùs : Pl. Idus , uum ; anu● , ùs ; vannus , ni . Likewise these Greek words that change o● in●o us ; as , Paprrus , ri ; antido●us , ●i ; costus , ti ; dipthongu● , gi ; byssus , abyssus , si ; crysta●lus , si ; s●n●dus , di ; sapphyrus , ri ; eremus , mi ; arctus , ti , are an Exception of Nouns that end in us . Q. What is the Neuter Exception of Nouns not increasing ? A. It is first of Nouns ending in e in the Nom. Case , and make is in the Gen. as , Mare , rete , is . 2. Of all Nouns in on and um ; as , 〈◊〉 , ti ; ovum , vi . 3. Of these Nouns , Hippomanes , 〈◊〉 ▪ is , Virus invariabile ; Pelag●s , ●i . And , last●y , this word Vulgus , i , is both of the M. and N. G. Q. What words of the Doubtful Gender are excepted under the first Special Rule ? A. They are , Talpa , dama , ae ; canalis , halcyonis , F. finis , clunis , restis , is ; penua , 〈◊〉 , or us ; amnis , is ; pampinus , ni ; corbis , is ; linter , tris ; torquis , is ; specus , ci , or ûs ; anguis , is ; Ficus , ci , F. phaselus , li ; lecythus , thi , F. atomus , mi ; grossus , si ; pharus , i , ● . paradisus , si . M. G. Q. What is the Common of two Exception under the first Sp●cial Rule ? A. It is of Nouns compounded of a Verb and end in a ; as , gra●●gena , ae . ●rom graius and gigno ; agricola , ae , from ager a●d colo ; and advena , ae , from ad and venio : Likewise these , Senex , is ; auriga , ae ; vernae , ae ; sodalis , is ; vates , is ; patiuelis , perduellis , affinis , ju●eni , testis , civis , canis , hostis , ‑ is . Q. Which is the second Special Rule for the Gender and declining of Nouns Substa●tives common ? A. Every Noun Substantive common which encreaseth long , and the last syllable save one is lifted up in the Gen. Case , is of the F. G. but every word that thus encreaseth is not of a long quantity ; as , in vir , vĭri ; mas , măris . Q. How many Exceptions are there under this second Special Rule ? A. Four : 1. Masculine Exceptions . 2. Neuter . 3. Doubtful . 4. Common of two . Q. How many Masculine Exceptions hath it ? A. 1. It hath these Monosyllables , or Nouns of one Syllable ; Sal , salis ; ren , splen , car , ser , ‑ is ; vir , ri ; vas , dis ; as , assis ; mas , ris ; bes , bessis ; cres , t is ; praes , dis ; pes , pedis ; glis , gliris ; mos , moris ; flos , floris ; ras , roris ; tros , trois ; mus , muris ; dens , dentis ; mont , t is ; pons , t is ; sons , t is ; seps , sepis ; gryphs , phis ; thrax , cis ; rex , regis ; grex , gregis ; phryx , gis . 2. These Pollysyllables , or Nouns of more than one Syllable ending in n ; as , 1. Acarnan , ānis ; lichen , ēnis ; delphin , inis . 2. Pollysyllables which end in o , signifying a body ; as , Le● , curculio , ‑ onis ; with these , Senio , ternio , sermo , ‑ onis . 3. Nouns ending in er ; as , Crater , ēris : in or ; as , Conditer , ōris : in os ; as , Heros , cis ▪ 4. These Nouns ending in ens ; as , Torrens , n●frens , oriens , bidens , t is . 5. These Nouns ending in as ; as , Gigas , elephat , adamas , garamas , ‑ antis . And these in es ; as , Tapes , lebes , cures , magnes , ‑ etis ; meridies , ●i . 6. Nouns compounded of as , assis ; as , Dodrans , antis ; semis , semissis . Likewise these Nouns ; Samnis , itis ; hydrops , ōpis : With these ending in x ; as , Nycticorax , acis ; thorax , acis ; vervex , ēcis ; Phxnix , īcis ; hombyx , bycis . And Spadix , volvox ; and esox , ‑ cis : But Syren , ēnis ; sor●r , ōris ; and uxor , ōris ; cos , t is ; d●s , t is ; cos , eois ; and glos , t is , are of the F. G. contrary to the f●regoing Exceptions ; and mulier , iĕris , b●longs ra●her to the Feminine Exception under the third Special Rule , because it increaseth short . Q. What Neut●rs are there excepted from the second Special Rule ? A. 1. Words of one syllable , Mel , mellis ; fel , fellis ; vas , vasis prim● ; vasorum vasa secundo ; os , ossis , and oris ; rus , thus , jus , crus , pu● , ‑ ris . 2. Nouns of many syllables in al ; as , Capital , lis ; and in ar ; as , laquear , āris , except sala● of the M. G. likewi●e halec , ēcis , of the N. and F. G. in the Sing . and of the F. only in the Plural . Q. What is the Doubtful Exception from this Special Rule ? A. Doubtfuls excepted are , Python , onis , M. scrobs , obis ; serpens , t is ; bubo , onis ; rudens , t is ; grus , gruis ; perdix , dī●is ; lynx , cis ; limax , ācis ; stirps , pis ; calx , cis ; dies , ei , which is only Masculine in the Plural . Q. What words of the Common of two are excepted under this Special Rule ? A. They are , Parens , ●ntis ; author , oris ; infans , t is ; adolescens , t is ; dux , cis ; ill●x , ●gis ; haeres , ēdis ; exl●x , lēgis : Also the Compounds of Frons ; as , bifrons , t is . Likewise these Nouns , Castos , odis ; bos , bovis ; fur , furis ; sus , suis ; sacerdos , dotis . Q. What is the meaning of the third Special Rule ? A. That every Noun Substantive common encreasing short in the Genitive Case , ( i. e. ) having the last syllable save one pressed down , is o● the Masculine Gender . Q. How many Exceptions are there under this third Special Rule ? A. Four : 1. Of Feminines . 2. Of Neuters . 3. Of Doubtsuls . And , 4. of the Common of two encreasing short . Q. What are the Feminines excepted ? A. They are , first , all Noun● of more than two syllables that end in do or go , making dinis and ginis in the Genitive Case ; as , Dulcedo , dinis ; compago , gīnis . 2 Virgo , gīnis ; grand● , dinis ; fides , ei ; compes , pēdis ; teg●s , gētis ; seges , gētis ; arb●r , ō●is ; hyems , ēmis ; bacchar , chāris ; syndon , s●ndōnis ; gorgon , gōnis ; icon , ōnis ; ‑ , ōnis . 3. Gre●k words which end either in as ; as , Lamp●s , p●dis , or in is ; as , jaspis , īdis , with the Latin words Cassis , īdis ; cuspis , īdis ; pecus , ●dis , when it signifies small Cattel . Forf●x , īcis ; pellex , īcis ; carex , īcis ; coxendix , īcis ; filix , ●cis , to which add tomex and for●ex ; and mulier , ēris , to be added according to this Verse : Hùc add is Mulier propriâ si classe locabis . Q. What Neuters of Nouns encreasing short are excepted under the third Spec●al Rule ? A. They are all Nouns that signifie a thing without life , ending either in a , as , Problema , atis . en , Omen , inis . ar , Jabar , aris . ur , Je●ur , oris . us , Onus , eris . put , Occiput , itis . Except Pecten , īnis , and furfur , ūris , which are of the M. G. tho' they end in en and ur . 2. Cadaver , ēris ; iter , tineris ; suber , tuber , uber , gingiber , laser , cicer , piper , papaver , siser , siler , ‑ ēris . Aequor , marmor , ador , ‑ oris , ( and pecus , pecoris , for great Cattel ) are of the N. G. Q. What words of the Doubtful Gender are excepted from the third Special Rule ? A. They are these , Card● , inis , M. margo , inis , D. G. cinis , eris ; obex , icis ; pulvis , eris ; adeps , dipis ; sorceps , cipis , F. pumex ▪ icis ; ramex , icis , M. anas , atis , F. imbrex , icis ; culex , icis , M. natrix , icis , M. onyx , ycis ; sardonyx , yeis ; silex , icis : To these doubtsuls add , Cortex , icis ; varix , icis , and ales , itis . Q. What words are there of the Common of two excepted from the third Special Rule ? A. These , Vigil , pugil , ‑ ilis , M. exul , praesul , ‑ ūlis , M. Homo , īnis ; nemo Gen. caret , Dat. nem●ni ; martyr , yris ; ligur , ūris , M. areas , ādis , M. antistes , ītis ; miles , ītis ; pedes , ītis ; interpres , ītis ; comes , hospes , ‑ ītis ; praeses , īdis , M. princeps , cīpis , M. ●uceps , cūpis , M. eques , ītis ; obses , īdis , with many other Nouns derived of Verbs ; as , Conjux , jūgis ; judex , opifex , aruspex , ‑ īcis , M. to which add municeps , cipis . Q. How many Rules are there for the declining of Nouns Adjectives ? A. Three . Q. Which is the first ? A. The first is , That Adjectives , having one only Termination , are of the Common of three Genders ; as , Hic , haec , & hoc faelix , īcis ; hic , haec , & hoc audax , ācis ; hic , haec , & hoc quadrupes , pēdis : to which Rule belong these undeclinable Adjectives , viz. Nequam , tot , quot , miile , &c. Q. Which is the second Rule for the declining of Adjectives ? A. The second is , That if an Adjective have two endings , the first ending must be of the M. and F. G. and the second of the N. as , Hic & haec omnis , & hoc omne , is . Q. Which is the third Rule for the declining of Adjectives ? A. The third Rule is , That if an Adjective have three endings , the first ending is of the M. G. the second of the F. and the third of the N. as , Sacer , sacra , sacrum . Q. What is the meaning of this Rule , At sunt quae flexu , & c ? A. The meaning , according to the Book , is , That there are some Adjectives declined with two Articles ( i. e , with hic & hae● ) like Substantives , yet in very deed are Adjectives , and are so used ; as , Pauper , puber , degener , uber , ‑ ēris . Yet most of them are found in the Neuter Gerder ; as , Hor. l. 1. Epist . 10. Sub paupere tecto . ●ikewise Ovid. Trist . l. 2. El. 1. Divitis ingenii est ingentia Caesaris acta scribere . — So Juven . Sat. 13. Depositum tibi sospes erit . — Ovid Amor. l. 3. El. 14. Post mea mansurum fata superstes opus . Tacit. Rari imbres ; puber solum : Comes in the Rule seems rather a Substantive of the C. G. Victrix and ultrix are of the Feminine Gender in the Singular Number , and of the Feminine and Neuter Gender in the Plural , being Adjectives defectives . Q. What is the meaning of this Rule , Haec proprium quendam sibi fle●um , & c ? A. The meaning is , That these Adjectives have a peculiar manner of declining , differing from the common form , viz. that they have three Endings , and three Articles ; as , Hic campester , haec campestris , hoc campestr● , or hic & haec campestris & hoc campestre , is . Hic volucer , haec volucris & hoc volucre , or hic & haec volucris & hoc volucre , is . Celeber , bris , bre . Celer , ris , re . Saluber , bris , bre . Pedester , tris , tre . Equester , tris , tre . Acer , cris , cre . Pal●ster , stris , stre . Alacer , cris , ●re . Sylvester , tris , tre . Of Nouns Heteroclites . Q. WHat doth Quae genus contain ? A. It contains Rules for the declining of Heteroclites or Irregular Nouns , as Propria quae maribus doth of Regular ; so that Quae genus is no more than an Exception on Propria quae maribus . Q. How many sorts of Heteroclites or Irregular Nouns are there ? A. Three : 1. Variantia genus aut slexum ; that is , such as vary or change their Gender or Declension . 2. Defectiva ; such as want some Case or Number . 3. Redundantia ; ( i. e. ) such as abound or have overmuch in declining . All which three sorts are mentioned in the first D●stick thus : 1. Quae genus aut flexum variant . 2. Quaecunque novato ritu deficiunt . 3. Superántve Heteroclita , sun●o . Q. How many sorts of Nouns Heteroclites are there that change their Gender and Declension ? A. There are six sorts . Q. What are the first sort of them , and which is the Rule ? A. They are these of the F. G. in the Sing . and N. in the Pl. as , Pergamus , . mi ; a , orum ; supellex , ctilis ; ilia , ium . The Rule is , Singula Foemine●s , neutris Pluralia gaudent . To this Rule may be added , Hierosolyma and Carbasus , being of the F. G. in the Sing . and of the N. in the Plural . Q. What are the second sort of Nouns that do change their Gender and Declension , and which is their Rule ? A. They are those of this Rule , Dat prior , &c. which are of the N. G. in the Sing . and of the M. and N. in the Plur. Rastrum , tri ; tri , tra , rorum . Fraenum , ni ; ni , na , n●rum . Filum , li ; li , la , lorum , N. Capistrum , tri ; tri , stra , strorum , N. Q. What words are of the third sort , and which is their Rule ? A They are these of the N. G. in the Sing . and only of the M. G. in the Plur. as , Coelum , li ; li , lorum . Argos , gi ; gi , orum . The Rule is , Moscula duntaxat , &c. Q. What words are of the sourth sort , and what is their Rule ? A. They are these of the N. G. in the Sing . and of the F. G. in the Plur. as , Nundinum , ni ; nae , arum . Balneum , ei ; ae , arum . Their Rule is , Neutra quidem primo , &c. Q. What words are of the fifth sort , and what is their Rule ? A. They are these of the M. G. in the Sing . and of the N. G. in the Plur. as , Maenalus , li ; la , lorum . Dyndimus , imi ; ma , morum . Ismarus , i ; a , orum . Tartarus , ri ; a , rorum . Taygetus , i ; a , orum . Taenarus , i ; a , orum . Massicus , i ; a , orum . Gargarus , i ; a , orum . The Rule is , Haec maribus dantur , &c. Q. What are the sixth and last sort of Variants , and which is their Rule ? A. They are these of the M. G. in the Sing . and of the M. and N. G. in the Plur. as , Sibilus , li ; li , la , orum . Jocus , ci ; ci , ca , corum , Locus , ci ; ci , ca , corum . Avernus , ni ; ni , na , orum . The Rule is , At numerus genus his dabit alter utrumque . Q. How many sorts are there of Deficient Heteroclites ? A. There may be said to be three sorts of these , tho' the Book speaks but of two ; the first sort are such as are deficient in declension or not at all declined , called Aptota in the Grammar , tho' more properly Aclita , viz. such as have no different Case , but are alike in all Cases ; for Apto●a ( as Priscian saith ) are those which are found in no other Case , besides the Nominative ; as , Expes , satias . 2. Such as are deficient in one of the Numbers . 3. Such as are deficient in some Case or Cases in either or both the Numbers . Q. Where doth the first sort of Nouns , called Defectives , begin , and what are they ? A. They begin at , Quae nullum variant ca●um , and they are such as vary not in any Case from their Nom. Q. What words are defective of the first , sc . of the undeclined sort ? A. They are these : 1. Nom. Gen. Da● . &c. Fas , nil , nihil , instar invariabile . 2. Wo●ds that end in u , and i ; as , Cornu , genu ; Gummi , frugi ; and haec tempe , and cete in the Plur. with hi , hae & haec tot , quot , invariabile . Likewise all Nouns from three , to a hundred ; as , Hi , hae & haec , quatuor , quinque , d●cem , viginti , triginta , and mille the Adjective , invariabile : Mille the Substantive is Hoc mille , invariabile in the Sing . as , Mille hominum occiditur , and , Mille hominum occiso . Cic. 6. Phil. In the Pl. N. Haec millia . Mille the Adjective takes to it self an Adverb ; as , Te● mille virorum : But Mille the Substantive requires an Adjective ; as , Hominum eo die caesa plus duo millia . To this Rule add , Nequam , volupe ; necesse , necessum : Also , Pondo and caepe , or cepe in the Singular and Plural . Likewise Hebrew Names in m ; as , Adam , A●h●m , Cheru●●m , &c. Also the N●mes of Letters ; as , Alpha , Beta , &c. And , la●●ly , the Names of Towns , that end in i and y ; as , Aixi , Ille●urgi , Aepy , D●ri . Q. Of what Number are these , viz. Fa● , nil , nihil , instar , cornu , genu , gummi , frugi ? A. The four first , with gummi , are of the Singular Number , undeclined ; cornu and genu , with others that end in u , except gelu , are commonly declined in the Plural , only veru makes verua , verubus , and not veruum : But frugi is of the Singular and Plural undeclined , and of all Genders . Q. What are the first sort of those that are deficient in Case called ? A. Monoptots ; being so called because they are found in one oblique Case only ; as , Abl. Hàc noctu . ( Ut , ●redo ego hâc noctu obdormivisse ebrium , Plant. Amph. ) Abl. Hoc natu , jussu , injussu , promptu , permissu , astu . Pl. Acc. Hos astus . Acc. Has inficias . Q. How are the second sort of Defectives in Case called ? A. Diptots . Q. Why are they so called ? A. Because they are said to have commonly but two Cases , yet we decline F●rs thus : Nom. Fo rs , Gen. Fortis , Dat. Forti , Acc. ●wtem . Voc. O Fo rs , Abl. Forte . Gen. Spontis , Abl. Sponte . Nom. Acc. Plus , Gen. Pluris , Gen. Repetundarum , Abl. Repetundis . Gen. Jugeris . Abl. Jugere . Gen. Verberis . Abl. Verbere . Nom. Suppetiae , Acc. Suppetias . Nom. Tantundem , Gen. Tantidem . Gen. Impetis , Abl. Impete . Acc. Vic●m , Abl. Vice. Of which Verberis , Vicem , Plus , and Jugeris , have the whole Plural Number , except that Vicium is not read in the Genitive Plural . The Cases here are to be understood of Cases of Termination , not of Cases of Signification . To this Rule , add , Dica , dicam ; Chaos , chao ; Melos , melo ; Tabi , tabo . Q. How are the third sort of Defectives in Case called ? A. Triptots ; tho' some of them may be called Tetraptots . Q Why so ? A. Because they have only three or four Cases ; as , Gen. Precis , Dat. Preci , Acc. precem , Abl. prece ▪ Opis , opem , ope . To which are added the Tetraptots Frugis , and ditionis , which only want the Nominative and the Vocative Case form'd from it . Also Vis that wants the Dative ; and likewise those Nouns that want the Vocative Case are Pentaptots . Q. What and how many are those Nouns Pentaptots that want the Vocative Case ? A. They are , 1. Relatives ; as , Qui , quae , quod , &c. 2. Interrogatives ; as , Ecquis , ecqua , ecquid . So Quis , numquis , uter , qualis , quantus , quotus , cujus , and cujas , are Interrogatives . 3. Distributives ; as , Nullus , a , um . Neuter , tra , trum . Omnis , ne . Likewise Vllus , solus , uter , alter , nemo , alius , aliquis , quidam , quispiam , quilibet , quisque , unusquisque , quotusquisque . 4. Indefinites ; as , Quilibet , quaelibet , quodlib●t . Alter , tera , terum , which is hardly an Indefinite . 5. All Pronouns , except these four , Noster , tra , trum . Nostras , t is . C. 3. Meus , a , um , and Tu , whereof some of them sometimes have a Vocative Case ; as , Aperite aliquis ostium , &c. Q. What are the next sort of Defectives ? A. They are those that are deficient in Number . Q. What is the first Rule of Deficients in Number ? A. It is Propria cuncta notes , &c. In which Rule there are six sorts of words that want the Plural Number . 1. All Proper Names , signifying one thing , whether of Gods ; as , Mars , t is . Of Men ; as , Cato , onis . Of Countries , Cities , Hills , Rivers , Dogs , Horses ; as , Gallia , ae , F. Roma , ae , F. Ida , ae , F. Tagus , gi , M. Laelaps , pis , M. Parnassies , si , M. Bucephalus , li , M. 2. The Names of Corn or Grain ; as , Triticum , ci , N. Siligo , ginis , F. Ador , oris , M. 3. Things that are weighed ; as , Piper , ēris . Saccharum , ri . Butyrum , ri . Resina , ae . 4. The Names of Herbs ; as , Ruta , ae . Salvia , ae . 5. Of moist or liquid things ; as , Lae , t is . Oleum , i. 6. Of Metals and Minerals ; as , Aurum , i , N. Argentum , i , N. Sulphur , ūris , N. Nitrum , i , N. Q. But may not some of them sometimes have the Plural Number ? A. Yes , as may apprear by the clause or ending of the Rule , Est ubi pluralem retinent haec , est ubi spernunt . For Proper Names , when they are taken for Substantives Common , or when there are more of the same Name , have the Plural Number ; as , when Catones are taken for Wise Men , as Cato was ; and Maeccnates , for Noble Men , as Maecenas was ; according to the Verse , Sint Maecenates , non decrunt , Flac●e , Marones . Q. What sort of Rule is this , viz. Hordea , farra , ●orum , & c ? A. The words of this Rule are a particular Exception on Propria cuncta notes ; and they have three like Cases in the Plural Number , viz. the Nominative , Accusative , and Vocative ; as , Hordeum , ei ; Far , farris ; Forum , ri ; Mel , mellis ; Mulsum , si ; Desrutum , ti ; Thus , thuris : To which you may add , Jus , mare , rus , vinum , aes ; ●s , oris , dans G●nitivo ; yet aeribus and oribus are read , tho' aerum and ●rum are not . Q. What are the second sort of those that are deficient in Number ? A. They are these Masculines that want the Plural Number : Hesperus , ri ; Vesper , eris ; Pontus , ti ; Limus ▪ i ; Fimus , i ; Penus , ni & ùs ; Sanguis , īnis ; Aether , ēris ; and Nemo , ini● , which commonly , they say , wants the Genitive , and Vocative Cases , and Plural Number , according to the usual Verse : Nemo caret genito , quinto numeroque secundo . To this Rule may be added , Pudor , sopor , muscus , &c. Q. What are the third sort of those that are deficient in Number ? A. They are these Feminines that want the Plural Number , viz. Pubes , is ; Salus , ūtis ; Talio , ō●is ; Indeles , is ; Tussis , is , Acc. tussim ; Pix , i●is ; Humu● , m● ; Lues , is ; Sitis , is , Acc. sitim ; Fuga , ae ; Quies , etis ; Cholera , ae ; Fames , is ; Bilis , is ; Senecta , ae ; Juventus , ūtis ; Soboles , is ; Labes , is . Q. What Cases will all Nouns of the fisth Declension have in the Plural Number , and what is the Rule ? A. They will have three like Cases in the Plural Number ; to wit , the Nominative , Accusative , and Vocative . The Rule is , Vt & omnia quintae tres similes casue , &c. Q. But what Nouns of the fifth Declension are excepted ? A. These : viz. Res , ei ; Species , ei ; Facies , ei ; Dies , ei , which have the whole Plural Number , by this Rule , Quas voces numero totas , &c. Q. Are there no other Feminines that want the Plural Number ? A. Yes these : Stultitia , ae ; invidia , ae ; sapientia , ae ; desidia , ae ; with many others which are to be found in reading Authors ; as , Castitas , elegantia , fides , ei , justitia , pietas , requies , ira , spes , fama , sanies , supellex , tabes , cum multis aliis . Q. What are the fourth sort of Defectives in Number ? A. They are these Neuters that want the Plural Number , viz. Delic●um , cii ; senium , nii ; l●thum , thi ; caenum , ni ; salum , li ; barathr●m , thri ; virus invariabile ; vitrum , tri ; viscum , sci ; penum , ni ; justitium , tii ; nihilum , li ; ver , veris ; lac , ctis ; gluten , ●nis ; hale● , ēcis ; gelu invariabile ; solium , ii ; jubar , āris . Q. Which is the fifth Rule , or fifth sort of Deficients in Number ? A. The fifth Rule , and the two next Rules following it , are of words that want the Singular Number , the four first being of words that wanted the Plural . Q. What is the fifth Rule of Deficients in Number , and what are the words ? A. The fifth Rule is of these Masculines that want the Singular Number ; as , Manes , ium ; majores , um ; cancelli , orum ; liberi , orum ; antes , ium ; menses , ium ; lemures , rum ; fasti , orum ; minores , um ; natales , ium ; penates , ium ; gabii , orum ; locri , orum ; to which add , caelites , codicilli , annales , fasces , carceres , indigetes , pugillares , quirites , primores , op●imates , ga●amantes , nomades , &c. Q. What words are of the sixth sort of Deficients in Number ? A. They are these of the Feminine Gender that want the Singular Number , viz. Exuviae , phalerae , ‑ arum ; grates in the Nom ▪ Acc. and Voc. manubiae , arum ; idus , ●●m ; antiae , ind●●iae , insidiae , minae , excubiae , nonae , nugae , fricae , calendae , quisquiliae , thermae , cunae , dirae , exequiae , feriae , inferiae , primitiae , plagae , valvae , divitiae , ●uptiae , ‑ arum ; lactes , ctium ; Thebae , Athenae , ‑ arum ; to which may be added , dapes , Dryades , Eumenides , fauces , minutiae , parcae , reliquiae , alpes , Symplegades , ambages , &c. Q. What is the last Rule of Desectives in Number ? A. The last is of these Neuters , that want the Singular Number ; as , Maenia , tesqua , praecordia , lustra , arma , mapalia , bellaria , munia , castra , justa , sponsalia , rostra , crepundia , cunabula , exta , effata , ‑ orum ; bacchanalia , ium , etorum : but mapalia makes orum and ibus ; so doth sponsalia , orum , ibus ; bacchanalia , orum , ium , ibus . Q. Where doth the Third Part of Quae genus begin , viz. of Nouns Irregular , called Redundants , or that have overmuch ? A. It begins at Haec quasi luxuriant , &c. Q. How many sorts o● Redundants are there ? A. There be two sorts of Redundant Nouns , viz. some Substantives and some Adjectives . Q. How many sorts of Redundant Substantives are there ? A. Two ; Redundants in the Nominative as well as in other Cases ; and Redundants only in the Oblique Cases . Q. How many sorts are redundant in the Nominative Case ? A. Two ; some according to different Terminations are of different Genders ; others under different Terminations are of the same Gender . Q. How many are of the first sort , that according to different Terminations are of different Genders ? A. There are two of these , for some under different Terminations are still Latin words ; others in which one differing Termination is Greek , from whose Accusative Case in a , is found a new Nominative in a , of a Latin Termination . Q. Which is the Rule for those Redundants , that , under divers Terminations , are of divers Genders , yet both the Terminations Latin , and what words are they ? A. The Rule is , Haec quasi luxuriant , &c. viz. of these Nouns agreeing in their signisication , tho' differing in their Gender , according to their divers Terminations ; and they are , Tonitrus , ùs , M. Tonitru invariabile , N. Clypeus , ei , M. Cl●peum , ei , N. Baculus , i , M. Baculum , i , N. Sensus , ùs , M. Sensum , i , N. Tygnus , ni , M. Tygnum , i , N. Tapetum , ti , N. Tapete , is , N. Tapes , ētis , M. Punctus , i , M. Punctum , ti , N. Sinapi invariabile , N. Sinapis , is , F. Sinus , ùs , M. Sinum , ni , N. Menda , ae , F. Mendum , di , N. Viscus , ci , M. Viscum , ci , N. Cornu indeclinabile , N. Cornum , ni , N. Cornus , ùs , M. Eventus , ùs , M. Eventum , ti , N. with many more that you may meet with in reading Authors . Q. Which is the Rule and the Words of the second sort of Redundant Substantives , which in their Nominative Cases have two Terminations , one originally Greek , the other ●atin , which comes from an Accusative Case in a of that Greek word . A. The Rule is , Sed tibi preterea , &c. as , Panther , ēris , M. Acc. Panthēra . Nom. Panthēra , ae , F. Crater , ēris , M. Acc. Cratera . Nom. Cratēra , ae , F. Cassis , idis , F. Acc. Cassida . Nom. Cassida , ae , F. Aether , eris , M. Acc. Aethera . Nom. Aethera , ae , F. Q. What are the third sort of Redundants , that , under different Terminations , are of the same Gender and Signification ? A. They are these , viz. Gibbus , bi , M. Gibber , ēris , M. Cucumis , is , M. Cucumer , ēris , M. Stipis , is , F. Stips , stipis , F. Cinis & ciner , ●ris , D. G. Vomer , ĕris , M. Vomis , ●ris , M. Scobis , is , F. Scobs , bis , F. Pulvis , ĕris , D. G. Pulver , ris , D. G. Pubes , is , F. Puber , ĕris . C. 2. Likewise word that end in or and os in the Nom. as , Honor , & honos , ōris , M. Labor , labos , ōris , M. Odor , odos , ōris , M. To which add Apes , apis , is , F. Plebs , is , F. Pl●bes , ei , F. with many Nouns borrowed from the Greeks , which admit of a double manner of declining ; as , Delphin , inis . Delphinus , ni , M. Elephas , antis . Elephantus , ti , M. Congrus , i. Conger , gri , M. Meleagrus , gri . Meleager , gri , M. Teu●rus , cri . Teucer , cri , M. Q. What are the next sort of Redundants , and the Rule for declining of them ? A. They are these , that are redundant in the Oblique Cases , being of the 2d and 4th Declension ; as , Laurus , ri & us , F. Quercus , ●i & ùs , F. Pinus , ni & ûs , F. Ficus , ci & ùs , F. Colus , li & lùs , F. Penus , ni & nûs , D. G. Cornus , ni & ùs , F. G. Lacus , ci & ùs , M. Domus mi & ûs , F. ( Sed Tolle me , mu , à Singulari , & mi atque mis à Plurali , si declinare domus vis ) The Rule of them is , Haec simul & quarti flexus sunt atque secundi . Q. Are there no Redundants of other Declensions , besides those of the second and fourth Declension ? A. Yes , for some are of the first and third ; as , Orestes , ae , is . Orontes , ae , is . La●bes , ae , t is . Thales , ae , t is . Calchas , ae , antis . Pascha , ae , a●is . And some are of the second and third ; as , Mulciber , beri , beris . Polypus , pi , podis . Glomus , mi , eris . Vesper , ri ris . Aedipus , i , podis . Sequester , tri , tris . Q. What is the Rule for Redundant Adjectives ? A. The Rule is this , Et quae luxuriant sunt , &c. that is there are many Redundant Adjectives , especially those derived of these Substa●tives , viz. Of Arma , jugum , nervus , somnus , clivus , animus , limus , cera , fraenum , bacillum ; which Adjectives may be either of three Terminations , or three Articles ; as , Of Arma , cometh inermus , a , um , and inermis , me ; but Hilarus is very seldom read , tho' Hilaris is very common . As in Praesenti , Explained by QUESTION and ANSWER . Q. WHat doth As in Praesenti contain ? A. It contains Rules for the Preterperfect Tenses and Supines of Simple and Compound Verbs . Q. Into how many Parts may it be divided ? A. Into Ten ; viz. 1. The Preterperfect Tenses of Simple Verbs in o. 2. The Preterperfect Tenses of Compound Verbs . 3. Supines of Simple Verbs . 4. Supines of Compound Verbs . 5. Preterperfect Tenses of Verbs in or . 6. Verbs having two Preterperfect Tenses . 7. Verbs Neuters Passive ( i. e. ) which end in o , and yet have a Passive Signification . 8. Verbs borrowing the Preterperfect Tense . 9. Verbs wanting the Preterperfect Tense . And , lastly , Verbs wanting the Supines , whereof the five first concern R●gular Verbs , the five last Irregular Verbs , which are either Redundant , Variant , or Defective . Q. What doth the first Part teach ? A. It teacheth to know the Preterfect Tense of Verbs in o , in all the four Conjugations . Q. What is to be observed in the forming of the Preterperfect Tense of Verbs in each Conjugation ? A. That the first , second and fourth have peculiar Terminations in their Preterperfect Tenses ; viz. the first in avi , the second in ui , the fourth in ivi ; but the third Conjugation forms its Preterperfect Tense variously , according to the T●rmination of Verbs in the Present Tense ; as , bo makes bi , co makes ci , &c. Q. What is the Rule for the Preterperfect Tense of all Simple Verbs in o , of the first Conjugation , declined like Amo ? A. The Rule is , As in Praesenti . Q. What is the meaning of the Rule ? A. That Verbs of the first Conjugation , having as in the second Person of the Present Ten●e will have avi in the first Person of the Preterperfect Tense ; as , No , nas , navi : Vocito , tus , ta●i . Q. What Verbs are excepted from this Rule ? A. These : Lavo , as , lavi , lotum , lautum , lavatum . Juvo , as , uvi , utum only in composition , nexo , as , xui , xum . Seco , as , cui , ctum . Neco , as , ui . Mico , as , ui . Plico , as , avi & cui . Frico , as , ui , ctum . Dom● , as , ui , itum . Tono , as , ui , itum . Sono , as , ui , itum . Crepo , as , ui , itum . Veto , as , ui , itum . Cubo , as , ui , itum . Do , das , dedi , datum . Sto , stas , steti , statum . Q. What is the Rule for the Preterperfect Tense of all Simple Verbs in eo , of the second Conjugation , declined like Doceo ? A. It is this , Es in praesenti perfectum format ui dans . Q. What is the meaning of this Rule ? A. That Verbs of the second Conjugation , having es in the second Person of the Present Tense , will have or make ui in the first Person of the Preterperfect Tense ; as , Nigreo , es , ui , &c. Q. How many Exceptions are there from this Rule ? A. There are six . Q. What is the first Exception ? A. The first is of these Verbs , viz. Jubeo , es , ssi , ssum . So●beo , es , ui , & psi p●um . Mulceo , es , si , sum . Luceo , es , xi — . Sedeo , es , di , ssum . Video , es , si , sum . Prandeo , es , si , sum . Strideo , es , di — . Suadeo , es , si , sum . Rideo , e● , si , sum . Ardeo , es , si , sum . Q. What is the second Exception ? A. Quatuor his infra , &c. viz. That the first syllable of the Preterperfect Tense is doubled in these four Verbs , Pendeo , es , pependi , sum . Mordeo , es , momordi , sum . Sp●ndeo , es , spo●●●ndi , sum . Tondeo , es , totondi , sum . Q. What is the third Exception ? A. The third is , If l or r come before ge● , in the Present Tense , the Preterperfect Tense shall end in si ; as , Vrgea , es , si , sum . Mulgeo , es , si & xi , ctum : And these ending in geo make xi ; as , Frigeo , es , xi — , Lugeo , es , xi , ctum . Augeo , es , xi , ctum . Q. What is the fourth Exception ? A. It is of these Verbs , Fleo , es , vi . Leo , es , vi . Deleo , es , vi . Pleo , es , vi . Neo , es , vi , ‑ tum . Q. What is the fifth Exception ? A. It is of these three Verbs that make si in the Preterperfect Tense , Maneo , es , si , sum . Torqueo , es , si , tum , & sum . Haereo , es , si , sum . Q. What is the last Exception ? A. It is , Veo fit vi , viz. Of Verbs in veo , which make vi in the Preterperfect Tense ; a , ●●rveo , es , vi — : Except Niveo , es , xi — . Conniveo , es , xi — . Cieo , es , vi , tum . Vieo , es , ēvi , tum . Q. Are all Verbs in ●o of the second Conjugation ? A. No , for beo , creo , screo , meo , calceo , laq●eo , nauseo , enu●leo , and the Compounds of any of them are of the first : and e● and queo , with their Compounds , are of the fourth Conjugation : and therefore es , in the second Person of the Present Ten●e , proves a Verb to be of the second Conjugation , and as proves a Verb to be of the first . Q. What is the Rule for the Preterperfect Tense of all Simple Verbs in o , of the third Conjugation , decli●ed like Lego ? A. It is , Tertia praeteritum formabit , &c. Q. What is the meaning of the Rule ? A. That Verbs of the th●rd Conjugation , having no common ending in 〈◊〉 Preterperfect Tense , as Verbs of the first and second Conjugation have , form their Preterperfect Tense according to the several Terminations of the first Person of the Present Tense . Q. What if the first Person of the Present Tense end in bo , in Verbs of the third Conjugation ? A. Then the Preterperfect Tense shall end in bi ; as , Lambo , is , bi — : Except Scribo , is , psi , ptum . Nubo , is , psi , ptum . Cuinbo , is , ui , itum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in co ? A. The Preterperfect Tense shall end in ci ; as , Vinco , is , vici , ctum : Except Parco , is , peperci , & parsi — . Dico , is , xi , ctum . Duco , is , xi , ctum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in do ? A. The Preterperfect Tense shall end in di ; as , Mando , is , di , sum : Yet these lose n out of the middle ; as , Scindo , is , scidi , ssum ; findo , is , fidi , ssum ; fundo , is , fudi , sum : And these admit a reduplication in the beginning ; as , Tundo , is , tutudi , tunsum ; pendo , is , pependi , pensum ; tendo , is , tetendi , tensum ; pedo , is , pepedi , peditum ; cado , is , cecidi , casum ; caedo , is , cecidi , caesum . Q. But how do Cedo , vado , rado , &c. make their Preterperfect Tense ? A. They make it in si , and their Supines in sum ; as , Cedo , is , ssi , ssum ; vado , is , si , sum ; laedo , is , si , sum ; ludo , is , si , sum ; divido , is , si sum ; trudo , is , si , sum ; claudo , is , si , sum ; plaudo , is , si — rodo , is , si , sum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in go ? A. The Preterperfect Tense shall end in xi ; as , Jungo , is , xi , ctum : But if there be an r before go , that Verb will make si ; as , Spargo , is , si , sum , &c. And these Verbs ending in go , make gi ; as , Lego , is , gi , ctum ; ago , is , egi , actum ; tango , is , tetigi , tactum ; pungo , is , xi , & pupugi , ctum ; frango , is , fregi , fractum ; pango , is , pepigi , pegi , & panxi , pactum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in ho ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in xi ; as , Traho , is , xi , ctum ; veho , is , xi , ctum . Q. What doth lo make in the Preterperfect Tense ? A. It makes ui ; as , Colo , is , ui , cultum : But Psallo & sallo , is , li , sum ; vello , is , li & vulsi , vulsum ; failo , is , fefelli , falsum ; cello , is , ceculi , & cellai , culsum , & celsum ; ( but percello , is , culi , culsum ; excell● , is , lui , celsum : ) pello , is , pepuli , pulsum . Q. What doth mo make in the Preterperfect Tense ? A. It makes ui ; as , Vomo , is , ui , itum : But Emo , is , mi , ptum ; como , is , compsi , ptum ; promo , is , prompsi , ptum ; demo , i● , dempsi , ptum ; sumo , is , sumpsi , ptum ; premo , is , pressi , ssum . Q. What doth no in the Present Tense , make in the Preterperfect Tense ? A. It makes vi ; as , Sino , is , vi , tum : But Temno , is , psi , ptum ; sterno , is , stravi , tum ; sperno , is , sprevi , tum ; lino , is , levi & lini , litum ; cerno , is , crevi , tum ; gigno , is , genui , genitum ; pono , is , posui , positum ; cano , is , cecini , cantum . Q. If the Present Tense end in po , how must the Preterperfect Tense end ? A. In psi ; as , Scalp● , is , psi , ptum : Except Rumpo , is , rupi , ruptum ; strepo , is , ui , itum ; crepo , is , ui , itum . Q. If the Present Tense end in quo , how doth the Preterperfect Tense end ? A. In qui ; as , Linquo , is , liqui : But Coquo , is , xi , ctum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in ro , how doth the Preterpersect end ? A. In vi ; as , Sero , is , vi , satum ; signifying , to plant or sow : But in another signification , Sero , is , ui , sertum : So Verro , is , ri , sum ; gero , is , ssi , stum ; quaero , is , sivi , itum ; tero , is , trivi , tum ▪ curro , is , cucurri , cursum ; uro , is , ssi , stum . Q. What if the Present Tense ends in so ? A. The Preterperfect Tense shall end in sivi ; as , Accerso , is , sivi , itum ; arcesso , is , sivi , itum ; incess● , is , si & sivi , situm ; lacesso , is , sivi , itum ; capesso , is , si & sivi , sum & situm ; facesso , is , si & sivi , sum & situm ; viso , is , si , sum ; pinso , is , ui , stum . Q. What if the Present Tense end in sco ? A. Then the Preterperfect Tense ends in vi ; as , Pasco , is , pavi , pastum : Except Po●co , is , poposci — ; disco , is , didici — ; quinisco , is , quexi — . Q. What if the Present Tense ends in to ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in ti ; as , Verto , is , ti , versum : Yet Sisto , is , stiti , statum ; mitto , is , si , ssum ; peto , is , petu , or petivi , itum ; sterto , is , ui — ; meto , is , ssui , ssum . Q What if the Present Tense ends in ecto ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in exi ; as , Flecto , is , xi , x●m : But Pecto , is , makes xi & xui ; and necto , is , xui & xi . Q. What if the Present Tense ends in vo ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in vi ; as , Volvo , is , vi , volutum : Except Vivo , is , xi , ctum . Q. What if the Present Tense ends in xo ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in ui ; as , Nexo , is , ui , ctum ; texo , is , ui , xtum . Q. What if the Present Tense ends in cio ? A. The Preterperfect shall end in ci ; as , Facio , is , feci , factum , jacio , is , jeci , jactum : Except the Old Verb Lacio , is , lexi , ctum ; specio , is , spexi , ctum . Q. What doth dio make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes di ; as , Fodio , is , di , ssum . Q. What doth gio make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes gi ; as , Fugio , is , gi , &c. Q. What doth pio make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes pi ; as , Capio , is , cepi , captum : Except Cupio , is , pivi , itum ; rapio , is , ui , rap●um ; sapio , is , ui & ivi , itum . Q. What doth rio make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes ri ; as , Pario , is , peperi , partum . Q. What doth tio make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes ssi , with a double ss ; as , Quatio , is , ssi , ssum . Q What doth üo make in the Preterperfect ? A. It makes ui ; as , Statuo , is , ui , utum : But pluo , is , vi & ui , itum ; struo , is , xi , ctum ; fluo , is , xi , xum . Q. What is the Rule for the Preterperfect Tense of Simple Verbs in io , of the fourth Conjugation , declined like Audio ? A. It is , Quarta dat is , ivi , &c. Q. What is the meaning of the Rule ? A. That all Verbs of the fourth Conjugation , make their Preterperfect Tense in ivi ; as , Scio , is , seivi , tum : Except Venio , is , veni , tum ; cambio , is , psi , psum ; raucio , is , si , sum ; farcio , is , si , tum ; sarcio , is , si , tum ; sepio , is , psi , ptum ; sentio , is , si , sum ; fulcio , is , si , tum ; haurio , is , si , stum ; sancio , is , xi & ivi , ctum & citum ; vincio , is , xi , ctum ; salio , is , ui , tum ; amicio , is , ui , 〈◊〉 & amixi , ctum . Q. Do none of these that are excepted , ever make their Preterperfect Tense in ivi , according to the Rule of the fourth Conjugation ? A. Yes , Cambivi , haurivi , sepivi , sanxivi , sarcivi & salivi , are sometimes tho' seldom read . Q. Are there not many Verbs in io , which are not of the fourth Conjugation ? A. Yes , for these are of the first , tho' they end in io , viz. Glacio , emacio , socio , crucio , saucio , calcio , nuncio , fascio , catamidio , radio , hio , retalio , spolio , amplio , lani● , somnio , pio , strio , vario , decurio , centurio , succenturio , furio , basio , satio , vitio : But some that end in io , are of the third Conjugation , viz. Facio , jacio , lacio , specio , f●dio , fugio , cupio , rapio , sapio , pario , quatio . Q. What is the Rule for the Preterperfect Tense of Compound Verbs , being the Second Part of As in Praesenti ? A. It is , Prae●eritum dat idem Simplex & Composi●ivum . Q. What is the meaning thereof ? A. The meaning is , that the Compound Verb hath the same Preterperfect Tense as the Simple Verb ; for as deceo makes docui , so edoceo makes edocui . Q. Hath this Rule no Exceptions ? A. Yes , it hath several Exceptions , whereof the first is , Sed syllaba semper quam simplex geminat composto non geminatur ; that is , the syllable which is doubled in the Preterperfect of the Simple Verb is not doubled in the Preterperfect Tense of the same Verb being compounded ; for tho' tendo makes tetendi , yet extendo makes ex●endi : except in these three , praecurro , excurro , repungo , ●nd in the Compounds of do , disco , sto , posco , which double the syllable when they are compounded . Q. What is the second Exception on Praeteritum dat idem ? A. When plico is compounded with sub or a Noun , it will have avi in the Preterperfect Tense ; as , supplico , as , avi ; multiplico , as , avi : but applico , as ; complico , as ; replico , as ; explico , as , make ui or avi . Q. What is the third Exception ? A. That tho' the Simple Verb oleo makes olui in the Preterperfect Tense , yet its Compounds rather make olevi ; as , exoleo , es , levi : only redoleo , es , ui ; suboleo , es , ui . Q. What is the fourth Exception ? A. It is , that the Compounds of pungo make punxi , except repungo , is , repunxi , & repupugi . Q. What is the fifth Exception ? A. The fifth is , that the Compounds of do , being of the third Conjugation do make didi , and not dedi ; as , addo , is , didi ; credo , is , didi ; edo , is , didi ; dedo , is , didi ; reddo , is , didi ; perdo , is , didi ; abdo , is , didi ; obdo , is , didi ; condo , is , didi ; indo , is , didi ; trado , is , didi ; prodo , is , didi ; vendo , is , didi , itum ; except abscendo , is , di & didi , sum & itum : To which Rule is added the Compounds of sto , that make stiti . Q. What and how many other Exceptions are there wherein the Compound Verbs do differ from the Simple ? A. There are three general Exceptions , ( viz. ) 1. Verba haec simplicia , &c. 2. Haec habeo , lateo , &c. 3. Haec si componas , &c. Q. What is the meaning of the first Exception , ( viz. ) Verba haec simpli●ia ? A. That these Verbs following , ( viz. ) Damno , lacto , sacro , fallo , arceo , tracto , satiscor , partio , carpo , patro , scando , spargo , and pario , when they are compounded , change their first Vowel in all Tenses into e ; as , damno , condemno , lacto , oblecto , sacro , consecro : but two of the Compounds of pario , ( viz. ) Comperio , is , rii , and reperio , is , ri , make their Preterperfect Tense in ri , the rest of its Compounds make ui ; as , aperio , is , ui , apertum ; operio , is , ui , opertum : but all of them in general , except in the Preterperfect Tense , are declined like Verbs of the fourth Cunjugation , tho' the Simple Verb pario be of the third . Q. What say you of the Compounds of Pasco , belonging to this Rule , Verba haec simplicia ? A. That two of its Compounds change the first Vowel into e , and make their Preterperfect Tense in ui , viz. Compesco , is , ui ; dispesco , is , ui ; but all the rest of the Compounds of Pa●co do keep the Vowel and Preterperfect Tense of the Simple Verb ; as , Epasco , is , vi , stum . Q. What is the meaning of the second general Exception , ( viz. ) Haec habeo , lateo , &c. wherein Compound Verbs differ from the Simple ? A. That these Verbs , viz. Habeo , lateo , salio , statuo , cado , laedo , pango , pegi , cano , quaero , caedo , tango , egeo , teneo , taceo , sapio , rapio ; being compounded , change the first Vowel in all Tenses into i ; as , Habeo , cohibeo , rapio , eripio . Q. What is to be observed of the Compounds of Cano ? A. That they make their Preterperfect Tense in ui , ( tho' it self makes cecini ) as , Concinno , is , ui , tum . Q. What say you of the Compounds of Placeo ? A. They change the first Vowel into i ; as , displiceo , es , ui , itum : except complaceo and perplaceo , declined like the Simple Verb placeo . Q. What say you of the Compounds of Pango ? A. That these four , depango , oppango , circumpango , and repango do keep a like the Simple Verb : but all the rest of its Compounds change a into i ; as , impingo , is , pegi . Q. What say you of the Compounds of Maneo ? A. That these four Compounds of Maneo , viz. Praemineo , es , ui ; emineo , es , ui ; promineo , es , ui , and immineo , es , ui , do change the first Vowel of the Simple Verb into i , and do make their Preterperfect Tense in ui ; but all the rest of its Compounds keep the Vowel a , and are declined like Maneo . Q. What say you of the Compounds of scalpo , calco , salto ? A. They change a into u ; as , scalpo , exculpo ; calco , incul●o ; salto , resulto . Q. What say you of the Compounds of claudo , quatio , lavo ? A. They cast away a ; as , claudo , occludo , excludo , quatio , percutio , excutio ; lavo , proluo , diluo . Q. What is the meaning of , Haec si componas , &c. the third general Exception of Verbs Compounds that differ from their Simple ? A. That these Verbs , Ago , emo , sedeo , rego , frango , capio , jacio , lacio , specio , premo , when they are compounded , change the first Vowel of the Present Tense , and the Tenses form'd thereof into i ; but not of the Preterperfect Tense , nor of the Tenses form'd of it ; as , frango , refringo , is , fregi ; capio , incipio , is , cepi . Q. Are there no Exceptions from this Rule ? A. Yes , for perago and satago are declined like the Simple Verb ago : and these two Compounds of it , dego , cogo , with pergo , do cast away the middle syllable of the Present Tense ; for instead of deago , we say dego ; cogo instead of coago ; and pergo for perago ; so surgo for surrego . Q. What is the meaning of this Rule , Nil variat facio ? A. That the Compounds of facio , do not change the first Vowel into i ; as , olfacio , calfacio ; unless when facio is compounded with a Preposition ; as , inficio . Q. What is the meaning of , A lego nata , & c ? A. That lego being compounded with re , se , per , prae , sub , or trans , doth keep e , and not change it into i ; but when it is not compounded with re , se , &c. it doth change the Vowel into i ; as , intelligo , diligo , negligo , which three make the Preterperfect Tense lexi , all the rest of its Compounds legi . Q. How is the Sup●ne of a Simple Verb known , being the Third Part of As in praesenti ? A. It is known by the ending of the Preterperfect Tense . Q. What if the Preterperfect end in bi , how shall the Supine end ? A. It shall end in tum ; as , bibo , bibi , tum . Q. What is ci in the Preterperfect Tense made in the Supine ? A. It is made ctum ; as , vinco , vici ; ico , ci , ctum ; facio , feci , factum ; jacio , jeci , jactum . Q. What is di made in the Supine ? A. Sum ; as , video , vidi , sum : but these Verbs do double ss ; as , pando , pandi , passum ; sedeo , sedi , ssum ; scindo , scidi , ssum ; findo , sidi , ssum ; fodio , fodi , ssum : Observe that the syllable which is doubled in the Preterperfect Tense , is never doubled in the Supine ; as , tondeo , totondi , tonsum , and not totonsum ; cedo , cecīdi , caesum ; cado , cecĭdi , casum ; tendo , tetendi , tensum , & tentum ; tundo , tutudi , tunsum ; pedo , pepidi , peditum ; do , dedi , datum . Q. What is gi made in the Supine ? A. It makes ctum ; as , l●go , legi , lectum ; pango , pegi & pepigi , pactum ; frango , fregi , fractum ; tango , tetigi , tactum ; ago , egi , actum ; pungo , pupugi , punctum : but fugio , fugi , fugitum . Q. What is li made in the Supine ? A. Sum ; as , sallo , salli , salsum ; pello , pepuli , pulsum ; cello , ceculi , culsum ; fallo , fef●lli , falsum ; vello , velli & vulsi , vulsum : but fero , tuli , latum . Q. What are these Terminations of the Preterperfect Tense , mi , ni , pi , qui , made in the Supine ? A. Tum ; as , 1. Emo , emi , emptum . 2. Venio , veni , ventum ; cano , cecini , cantum . 3. Capio , cepi , captum ; caepio , caepi , caeptum ; rumpo , rupi , ruptum ; linquo , liqui , dant pignora lictum . Q. What doth ri make in the Supine ? A. Sum ; as , verro , verri , versum : except pario , peperi , partum . Q. What doth si make in the Supine ? A. Sum ; as , viso , visi , visum : but mitto , misi , missum , with a double s . And these make tum , fulcto , fulsi , fultum ; haurio , hausi , haustum ; sarcio , sarci , sartum ; farcio , farsi , fartum ; uro , ussi , ustum ; gero , gessi , gestum ; torqueo , torsi , tortum & torsum ; indulgeo , indulsi , indulsum & indultum . Q. What doth psi make in the Supine ? A. It makes tum ; as , scribo , scripsi , scriptum : but campsi makes campsum . Q. What doth ti make in the Supine ? A. Tum ; as , sto , steti , and sisto , stiti , statum : but verto , verti , makes versum . Q. What doth vi make in the Supine ? A. It makes tum ; as , flo , flavi , flatum : except pasco , pavi , pastum ; lavo , lavi , lotum , lautum & lavatum ; poto , potavi , po●um & potatum ; caveo , cavi , cautum ; sero , sevi , satum ; lino , livi & lini , litum ; solvo , solvi , solutum ; volvo , volvi , volutum ; singultio , singultivi , singultum ; veneo , is , venivi & ii , venum ; sepelio , is , sepelivi , sepultum . Q. What doth ui make in the Supine ? A. It makes itum ; as , domo , as , ui , itum : but ui , of a Verb in uo , makes utum ; as , exuo , exui , exutum : except ruo , is , rui , ruitum ; seco , as , ui , sectum ; neco , as , necui , nectum ; frico , as , ui , frictum ; misceo , es , miscui , misium ; amicio , is , amicui , amictum ; torreo , es , torrui , tostum ; doceo , es , docui , doctum ; teneo , es , tenui , tentum ; consulo , is , consului , consultum ; alo , alui , altum & alitum ; salio , is , salui , saltum ; colo , is , colui , cultum ; pinso , is , pinsui , pistum , pinsitum and pinsum ; rapio , is , rapui , raptum ; sero , is , serui , sertum ; texo , is ▪ texui , textum . Q. But what is the meaning of this Rule , Haec sed ui mutant in sum ? A. That these Verbs turn the Preterperfect Tense ui , in sum ; as , Censeo , censui , censum ; cello , cellui , celsum ; meto , messui , messum : ( but nexo , nexui , n●xum ; pecto , pexui , pexum ) pateo , patui , passum ; careo , carui , cassum & caritum . Q. What doth xi in the Preterperfect Tense make in the Supine ? A. It makes ctum ; as , vincio , vinxi , vinctum : but these five Verbs in xi cast away n ; as , fingo , finxi , fictum ; mingo , minxi , mictum ; pingo , pinxi , pictum ; stringo , strinxi , strictum ; ringo , rinxi , rictum : and these four Verbs in xi make xum , not ctum ; as , flecto , flexi , flexum ; plecto , plexi , plexum ; figo , fixi , fixum ; fluo , fluxi , fluxum . Q. What is the Fourth Part of As in Praesenti ? A. It is , Compositum ut simplex formatur quodque supinum , viz. The Supines of the Compound Verbs are the same as the Supines of the Simple Verbs ; for as doceo makes doctum , so edoceo makes edoctum . Q. Is there no Exception on this Rule ? A. Yes , for sometimes the Compound Supine hath not the same syllable as the Supine of the Simple , for tho' tundo makes tunsum , pertundo makes pertusum , ruo makes ruitum ; yet corruo , corrutum ; salio , saltum ; resilio , resultum ; sero , satum ; insero , insitum : Also these Supines , Captum , factum , jactum , raptum , cantum , partum , sparsum , carptum , fartum , change a into e when they are compounded . Q. What will edo make when it is compounded ? A. It will make esum , and not estum ; as , exedo makes exesum ; only comedo make● comestum and con●sum . Q. What do the Compounds of nosco make in the Supines ? A. They make notum ; as , dignosco , dignotum : except cognosco , cognitum , and agnosco , agnitum . Q. What is the meaning of the Fifth Part of As in Praesenti , ( viz. ) Verba in or admittunt ex posteriore supino , &c. A. The meaning is , that all Passives do borrow their Preterperfect Tense of the latter Supine of the Active Voice , by changing the Termination u into us , and adding sum or fui ; as , of lectu is made lectus sum or fui : Which sum or fui differ thus : Amissus est qui adhuc desideratur : Amissus fuit qui jam inventus est . Q. What is the meaning of this Insertion , At horum nunc est Deponens ? A. The meaning is , that in Verbs deponent ( because they are not read in the Active Voice to have a latter Supine ) , we do feign a latter Supine whereby their Preterperfect Tense may be formed . Q. What Verbs of this sort are most to be observed ? A. They are those of the Book which seem to differ from the common way of declining ; as , Labor , eris , lapsus sum vel fui ; patior , eris , passus sum ; compatior , eris , compassus sum ; perpetior , eris , sus sum ; fateor , ēris , sus sum ; confiteor , ēris , ssus sum ; diffiteor , ēris , essus sum ; gradior , eris , gressus sum ; digredior , eris , essus sum ; satiscor , eris , fessus sum ; metior , īris , mensus sum ; utor , eris , usus sum ; ordior , īris , orsus & orditus sum ; nitor , eris , nixus , & nisus sum ; ulciscor , eris , ultus ; irascor , eris , atus sum ; reor , ēris , ratus sum ; obliviscor , eris , litus sum ; f●uor , eris , ctus & itus sum ; misereor , ēris , ertus sum ; tuor , eris , tuitus sum ; tueor , ēris , tuitus sum ; loquor , eris , locutus vel loquutus sum ; sequor , eris , ūtus sum ; experior , īris , ertus sum ; paciscor , eris , pactus sum ; nanciscor , eris , nactus sum ; apiscor , eris , aptus sum ; adipiscor , eris , adeptus sum ; queror , eris , stus , sum ; proficiscor , eris , ctus sum ; expergiscor , eris , rectus sum ; comminisc●r , eris , entus sum ; nascor , eris , natus sum ; morior , eris , mortuus sum ; orior , eris , ortus sum . Q. Which is the Sixth Part of As in Praesenti , and what doth it treat of ? A. The Sixth Part is , Praeteritum Activae & Passivae vocis habent haec ; and it treats of Verbs Irregular redundant . Q. What 's the meaning of the Rule it self ? A. The meaning is , that these Verbs Neuters redound and have a Preterperfect Tense of the Active and Passive Voice , viz. Coeno , as , coenavi & coenatus sum ; juro , as , juravi & juratus sum ; poto , as , potavi & potus ; titubo , as , titubavi , titubatus ; careo , es , carui & cassus sum ; prandeo , es , prandi & pransus ; pateo , es , patui & passus ; placeo , es , placui & placitus ; suesco , is , suevi & suetus ; veneo , is , venivi & venditus sum ; nubo , is , nupsi & nupta sum ; mereor , ēris , merui & meritus sum ; li●et , 2. libuit , libitum est ; licet , 2. licuit , licitum est ; taedet , 2. taeduit , pertaesum est ; pudet , 2. puduit , puditum est ; piget , 2. piguit , pigitum est : Yet few of these , except placeo , nubo , and the five last , have a Preterperfect Passive . Q. Which is the Seventh Part of As in Praesenti , and what doth it treat of ? A. It is this , Neutro-passivum sic Praeteritum tibi format , and this Part and the next Part treats of Irregular Variants . Q. What is the meaning of the first Rule of Variants ? A. That these Verbs Neuters , tho' they end like Verbs Actives , have an irregular Preterperfect Tense , ( i. e. ) are declined with a Preterperfect Tense of the Vassive Voice ; as , Gaudeo , es , gavisus sum ; fido , is , fisus sum ; audeo , es , ausus sum ; solco , es , solitus sum ; fio , fis , factus sum ; maereo , es , maestus sum . Q. What is the difference between Neutro-passiva , and Neutralia-passiva ? A. Neutro-passiva have a Preterperfect Tense after the manner of Passives , and commonly also a Passive Signification ; as , Audeo , aufus sum ; but Neutralia-passiva have only a Passive Signification , without any ending like a Passive ; as , Vapulo , veneo , exulo , &c. Q. Which is the Eighth Part of As in Praesenti , being the second Rule of Verbs Irregular Variant ? A. The Eighth Part is , Quaedam praeteritum verba accipiunt aliunde : ( i. e. ) These Verbs are declined with a Preterperfect Tense borrowed of the Primitives whereof they are derived , having none of their own ; as , 1. Verbs Inceptives in Sco , ( i. e. ) signifying , to begin to do a thing , or to wax more ; as , Tepesco , is , tepui , to begin to be warm , or to wax more warm ; from tepeo , to be warm ; and so fervesco , is , fervi , from ferveo . Q. What other Verbs of this Rule do borrow or vary their Preterperfect Tense ? A. These , Cerno , is , vidi , from video ; quatio , is , concussi , of concutio ; ferio , is , percussi , of percutio ; meio , is , ininxi , of mingo ; sido , is , sedi , of sedeo ; tollo , is , sustuli , of suffero ; sum , es , fui , of fuo ; fero , fers , tuli , of tulo ; sisto , is , stiri , of sto ; furo , is , insanivi , of insanio ; vescor , ēris , pastus sum , of pascor ; medeor , ēris , medicatus sum , of medicor ; liquor , ēris , liquefactus sum , of liquefio ; reminiscor , ēris , recordatus sum , of recordor . Q. Which is the Ninth Part of As in Praesenti , and what doth it treat of ? A. It is , Praeteritum fugiunt , &c. and its treats of these four sort of Verbs , which are desective in their Preterpersect Tense ; as , 1. Vergo , i● , ambigo , is ; glisco , is ; fatisco , is ; polleo , es ; nideo , es . 2. Verbs Inceptives ending in sco , signifying a beginning , ( which are neither put for nor have any Primitive Verbs ) want the Preterperfect ; as , Puerasco , is . 3. Such Passives whose Actives want the Supines , from which the Preterperfect Tense Passive is formed ; as , Metuor , ēris ; timeor , ēris . 4. All Meditatives , ( viz. ) such as signifie a meditation , or a desire to do , or to be about to do a thing ; as , Micturio , I have a desire to make Water ; scripturio , I am about to Write ; except parturio , is , ivi ; esurio , is , ivi . Q. What is the Last Part of As in Praesenti , and what doth it treat of ? A. It is , Haec rarò aut nunquam retinebunt Verba Supinum ; and it treats of these Verbs that commonly are defective in their Supines ; as , Lambo , is ; mico , as ; rado , is ; scabo , is ; parco , is ; dispesco , is ; posco , is ; disco , is ; compesco , is ; quinisco , is ; dego , is ; ango , is ; sugo , is ; lingo , is ; mingo , is ; satago , is ; psallo , is ; volo , vis ; nolo , nonvis ; malo , mavis ; tremo , is ; strideo , es ; strido , is ; annuo , is ; flaveo , es ; liveo , es ; aveo , es ; paveo , es ; conniveo , es ; ferveo , es ; with the Compounds of nuo , is ; and cado , is ; except occido , is , occasum ; and re●ido , is , recasum : Also these Verbs want the Supine , respuo , is ; linquo , is ; luo , is ; metuo , is ; cluo , is ; frigeo , es ; calvo , is ; sterto , is ; timeo , es ; luceo , es ; arceo , es ; but the Compounds of arceo do make ercitum : The Compounds of gruo want the Supines ; as , ingruo , is . Lastly , All Verbs Neuters of the second Conjugation , which have ui in the Preterperfect Tense , do want the Supines ; except oleo , es ; doleo , es ; placeo , es ; taceo , es ; pareo , es ; careo , es ; noceo , es ; pateo , es ; lateo , es ; valeo , es ; caleo , es , ‑ tum . SYntaxis Liliana in Compendium redacta : Nam tantam Regularum molem , quae à Lilio multiplicatae sunt , neutiquam necessariam esse sentio : Sed siquis quaerat quare tam pauca exempla eaque taris in locis hinc illinc sparsa in Syntacticas hasce Regulas citavi , sciat me consultò & ad imitationem doctissimarum Scholarum hoc fecisse . Insuper Specimina & Exempla in Lilianam Syntaxin à multis edita non desunt ; necnon Anglica argmenta quotidiè meis tyronibus Latinè vertenda dictare soleo : Et denique in Syntacticâ Verborum examinatione eorum constructionem , & quos casus plerumque regunt , non omnino perfunctoriè tractavi . Siquid novisti , siquid excogit●sti ( Quicunque es ) rectius aut melius istis , candidus imperti , si non , his utere mecum . GRammatica est rectè scribendi atque loquendi Ars. Grammaticae partes sunt quatuor : 1. Othographia , quae circa veram literarwn scripturam . 2. Etymologia , quae circa singulas partes orationis . 3. Syntaxis quae circa v●ces vel partes orationis conjunctas . 4. Prosiodia quae circa syllabas rectè pronuntiandas versatur . Syntaxis est congrita octo partium orationis inter se disp sitio . Syntaxis est duplex Perfecta seu Analoga , quae est regularis & Figurata seu Anomala quae non est regularis , sed re●●dit à communibus regulis , & tamen bonorum scriptorum autho●itate nititur . Perfecta seu Analoga item est duplex , Concordantia quae est dictionum inter se convenientia , & Regimen quod est dependentia unius dictionis ab aliâ . Concordantia vocum declinabitium est duplex , vulgà triplex ; prima Verbi cum Nominativo , secunda Adjectivi cum Substantivo ad quam tertia ( quae est Relativi cum Antecedente ▪ ) referri potest . De tribus Concordantiis & casu Relativi : de Interrogativo & Redditivo , & Substantivorum convenientia . VErbum personale cohaeret cum nomina●ivo , numero & perfo●â . Adjectiva ut & . participia & pronomina cum substantivis , genere , numero , & casu consentiunt , etiam cum Verbum intercesserit . Relativum Qui , cum Antecedente , genere , numero , & personâ , interdum etiam & casu concordat . Relativum aut erit Verbo nominativus , aut à Verbo aut ab aliâ dictione regitur . Interrogativa & Indefinita Relativorum regulam sequuntur . Interrogativum & ejus Redditivum ejûdem casus & temporis erunt , nisi Interrogatio fiat per dictionem variae Syntaxeos , vel per Cujus , ja , jum , aut Responsio per haec possessiva , Meus , tuus , suus , &c. Substantivum cum substantivo ejus rei aut personae convenient casu . Figurata Syntaxis . VErba Insiniti Medi pro Nominativo Accusativum ante se statuunt . Hic modus resolvi potest per , quòd & ut , aliquando per an , ne & quin , praecedente non ; post videor non resolvitur . Nomen multitudinis singul●re quandoque Verbo plurali jungitur . Nominativus primae vel secundae personae ( nisi discretionis & emphasis causâ ) & nominativus tertiae personae quando ejus significatio ad homines tantùm pertinet , rarò exprimitur . Discretio vocatur cum diversa studia significamus ; ut , tu nidum servas , ego l●udo ruris amaeni — rivos ▪ Hor. Emphasis est cum plùs significamus quàm expressè dicimus ; ut , tu audes ista loqui , cantando tu illum ? subaudi vicisti . Virg. Aliquando Verbum infinitum , aliquando oratio , aut membrum aliquando orationis , aliquando adverbium cum genitivo , aut dictio aliqua materialitèr sumpta , supplet locum nominativi , substantivi aut ante●edentis . Duo nominativi singulares , duo substantiva , & duo antecedentia singularia , intercedente conjunctione copulativâ , verbum , adjectivum , & relativum plurale requirunt , Quod quidem verbum , adjectivum & relativum , ●um nominativo , substantivo , & antecedente , dignioris personae & dignioris generis consentit , nisi quod in inanimatis neutrum genus dignius est . Verbum substantivum inter duos nominativ●s diversorum numerorum , & relativum inter duo antecedentia diversorum generum ●ollocatum cum alterutro convenire potest . Mobile fit fixum , si fixum mente suba●dis , ( i. e. ) Adjectiva substantivè usurpata , ejus sunt generis cujus est substantivum intellectum . Aliquando relativum , aliquando & nomen adjectivum respondet primitivo , quod in possessivo subintelligitur . De Regimine . REgimen est dependentia unius dictionis ab ali● : & est duplex , Casus & Modi . Omnes partes orationis regunt casus , exceptâ conjunctione . Substantivorum regimen seu Constructio . Posterius duorum substantivorum diversas res significantium , in genitivo plerumque ponitur , sed saepè in Adjectivum possessivum mutatur , & aliquando in dativum vertitur . Adjectivum aut pronomen adjectivum in neutro gener● absolutè positum , genitivum regit , & substantivum fit , ut è contrario substantivum praecipuè apud Graecos quandoque fit Adjectivum . Secundum hanc regulam , haec dictio ( Res ) cum sit juncta adjectivo potest omitti . Prius substantivum aliquando sub auditur . Laus & vituperium rei quae significatur alteri inesse aut adesse in ablativo vel genitivo post verbum aut nomen substantivum effertur . Opus & usus ablativum exigunt . Verbalia in io antiquè regebant casum verbi unde derivata erant ; ut , Quid tibi hanc curatio est rem ? Quid tibi nos mendice homo tactio est ? Plaut . Justitia est obtem peratio legibus scriptis . Traditio alteri . Cicero . Domum reditionis spe sublatâ . Caesar . de Eell . Gal. Sic adjectiva praesertim verbalia in , bundus ; ut , populabundus agros . Vitabundus castra hostium . Imaginabundus carnificem . Gratulabundus patriae . Studiosus adulterio sc . studere adulterio Plaut . Cumque sit ignis aquae pugnax . Adjectivorum regimen seu Constructio . GENITIVUS . ADjectiva desiderium , notitiam , memoriam , curam , metum significantia , atque iis contraria , &c. Item verbalia in ax ; item partitiva , comparativa , superlativa , distributiva , interrogativa & certa numeralia genitivum adsciscunt . Sed partitiva & quae partitivè significant , aliquando usurpantur cum his praepositionibus , Ab , de , e , ex , inter , ante . Compos , impos , consors , exors , particeps , p●tens , impotens , cum ingenti adjectivorum turbâ , nullis regulis obstricta casum patrium postulant . Reus , certior , & sollicitus , genitivo adhaerent aut ablativo cum de , sed conscius genitivo rei , interdum & dativo ●ungitur , at semper dativo personae . DATIVUS . Adjectiva quibus commodum , incommodum , amititiam , odium , aptitudo , ineptitudo , facilitas , difficultas , ( item plurimùm similitudo , dissimilitudo , & propinquitas ) voluptas , dolor , submissio , aut relatio , ad aliquid signi●icatu● . Item nomina ex con praepositione composita : Denique verbalia in bilis & participialia in dus , in dativum trantranseunt . Sed natus , commodus , incommodus , utilis , inutilis , vehemens , aptus , par , aequalis , interdum etiam Accusativo cum praepositicne adjunguntur . Communis , alienus , immunis , variis casibus inserviunt . ACCUSATIVUS . Magnitudinis mensura subjicitur adjectivis in accusativo , interdum & in ablativo vel genitivo . ABLATIVUS . Adjectiva quae ad copiam , egestatemve pertinent in ablativo vel genitivo rei gaudent . Comparativa cum exponuntur per quàm ; item dignus , indignus , praeditus , captus , contentus , extorris , fretus , vilis , carus , venalis . Denique nomina significantia causam , instrumentum , formam , aut modum rei , vel aliquid simile , uti adjunctum vel circumstantiam regunt ablativum . Nomina diversitatis Ablativum sibi cum praepositione subjiciunt , non unquam etiam Dativum . Tantò , quantò , multò , longè , eò , quò , paulò , nimiò , aetate , natu , & comparativis , & superlativis app●nuntur . Comparativum magnâ ex parte ad duo , superlativum ad plura refertur . Pronominum Constructio . CVm passio significatur primitiva , cum actio vel possessio possessiva usurpantur ( i. e. ) substantiva affectuum significant passionem , cum regunt hosce genitivos pronominum , mei , tui , sui , nostri , vestri , sed haec possessiva , meus , tuus , suus , noster , vester , activè explicantur . Ex pronominibus , ipse & idem , omnibus personis jungi possunt . Idem habet post se , qui , & , ac , atque . Hic proximitatem , Ille excellentiam , Iste contemptum , significant . Sui & suus reciproca sunt : hoc est , cum tertia persona redit vel transit in seipsam ; ut , Caesar recordatur sui , indulget sibi , amat se ; parcit erroribus suis , &c. sed in primâ & secundâ personâ , non fit reciprocatio , nam non dicimus , dixi sibi , sed ei : nec nosti suum fratrem , sed illius . Constructio seu Regimen Verborum . Nominativus post Verbum . VErba Substantiva ; ut , sum , forem , fio , exisio . 2. Passiva vocandi iisque similia ; ut , dicor , vocor , salutor , habeor , existimor , videor , &c. Et 3. Verba Neutra gestûs ; ut , eo , incedo , curro , sedeo , bibo , cubo , studeo , dormio , somnio , &c. utrinque nominativum aut cesdem casus expetunt . Genitivus post Verbum . SVm signisicans possessionem , proprietatem , aut officium Genitivum p●stulat . Excipiuntur hi Nominativi , Meum , tuum , suum , nostrum , vestrum , humanum , belluinum , & similia . Verba aestimandi cum Accusativ● admittunt hosce aestimationis genitivos , tanti , quanti , cum compositis , magni , maximi , pluris , plurimi , parvi , minoris , minimi , nihili , slocci , nauci , pili , assis , hujus , teruncii . Aestimo vel Genitivum vel Ablativum adsciscit , sed hos Ablativos , magno , permagno , parvo , nihilo , saepe recipit . Item Verba accusandi , damnandi , monendi , absolvendi & consimilia praeter Accusativum personae Genitivum postulant criminis & interdum paenae . Sed Genitivus horum Verborum vertitur aliquando in Ablativum cum vel absque praepositione ; praecipuè , si , uterque , nullus , alter , neuter , alius , ambo , & superlativus gradus sequantur id genus Verba . Satago , misereor , miseresco , Genitivum admittunt . Reminiscor , obliv●scor , recordor , & memini Genitivum aut Accusativum desiderant . Potior aut Genitivo aut Ablativo jungitur . Dativus post Verborum . OMnia Verba acquisitivè posita adsiscunt Dativum ejus r●i aut personae cui aliquid acquiritur , & cui aliquid usitatius ad●mitur . Haec regula omnia Verborum genera in se comprehendit , Activa , Passiva , Neutra & Deponentia , tam transitiva , quam intransitiva , & quoslibet Dativos tam reiquam p●rsonae . Hui● regulae appendent imprimis Verba significantia commodum , incommodum . 2. Verba comparandi . 3. Dandi & reddendi . 4. Promittendi , solvendi & debendi . 5. Imperandi & nunciandi . 6. Fidendi & iis contraria . 7. Obsequendi & repugnandi . 8. Minandi & irascendi . 9. Sum cum compositis . 10. Verba neutra & passiva composita cum his praepositionibus , prae , ad , con , sub , ante , post , ob , in , inter . 11. Verba composita cum his Adverhiis , satis , benè & malè . 12. Est & suppetit pro habeo . 13. Sum cum quibusdam aliis geminum adsciscit Dativum . Aliquando apponitur Verbis Dativus pro Accusativo cum praepositione ; ut , it clamor coelo pro ad coelum : Belloque animos accendit agrestes , pro ad bellum ; Me mea paupertas vitae tradueit inerti , pro ad inert●m vitam . Est aliquando Pleonasmus , ( sc . Redundantia vocabuli horum Dativoram ) mihi , tibi , sibi . Quaedam Verba variè construuntur ; ut , ausculto tibi & te . Sic dono , aspergo , impertio , interdico ; Tempero , moderor tibi & te ; refero tibi & ad te , & refero ad senatum ; do tibi & ad te . Item mitto & scribo tibi & ad te literas ; consulo tibi te & in te ; aequi boni consulo & facio , caveo tibi ; cavere periculum ; aemulor tibi , sc . invideo ; aemulor te sc . im●tor ; deficiunt mihi vel me vires ; conducit tuae laudi & in tuam laudem , &c. Accusativus post Verbum . VErba Transitiva seu potiùs Activa , & pleraque alia uti Deponentia , & Neutra actionem transeuntem significantia Accusativum regunt . Quaedam Intransitiva cognatae significationis Accusativum regunt ( ut , vivo vitam vel aetatem ; curro cursum ; longam eo viam ; duram servio servitutem , &c. alioqui non , nam secus est in neutris & deponentibus quae actionem habent absolutam , qualia sunt existo , sto , sedeo , venio , surgo , orior , morior , &c. Verba rogandi , vestiendi , celandi . Item doceo & moneo cum compositis , atque etiam hortor duplicem regunt Accusativum : Sed rogo , exoro , p●sco , doceo , edoceo , moneo , & admoneo , Accusativum rei retinent etiam in Passivo . Ablativus post Verbum . QVodvis Verbum admittit Ablativum significantem instrumentum , causam , Modum actionis aut partem , sed aliquando additur praepositio ablativo causae , Modi actionis & partis . Quibuslibet Verbis subjicitur nomen pretii in Ablativo casu . Excipiuntur hi Genitivi sine Substantivis positi , tanti , quanti , pluris , minoris , tantidem , quantivis , quantilibet , quanticunque , sin addantur Substantiva , hi Genitivi in Ablativo efferuntur . Sed vili , paulo , minimo , magno , nimio , plurimo , dimidio , duplo , adjiciuntur saepe sine Substantivis . Instrumentum quaestioni factae per quocum , causa per quare , modus actionis per quomodo , & pretium rei per quanti respondet . Valeo tum Accusativo tum Ablativo junctum reperitur . Verba abundandi , implendi , onerandi , & illis diversae Ablativo gaudent , interdum sed rarius Genitivo . Fungor , fruor , utor , vescor , epulor , dignor , gaudeo , laetor , glorior , sto , consto , creor , nascor , muto , numero , communico , afficio , prosequor , impertio , impertior , laboro , pro malè habeo , nitor , supersedeo , & vivo pro victito , & similia Ablativo junguntur . Mereor cum Adverbiis , benè , malè , meliùs , pejùs , optimè , pessimè Ablativo adhaerent cum praepositione De. Quaedam accipiendi , distandi , & auferendi Verba Ablativum cum praepositione optant , sed hic casus vertitur aliquando in Dativum . Verbis , quae vim comparationis obtinent , adjicitur Ablativus significans mensuram excessus . Aliquando additur Ablativus absolutè sumptus cum participio adjecto vel intellecto ; qui resolvi potest per hasce particulas , dum , cum quando , siquàm , postquam . Eidem Vero diversi casus diversae orationis apponi possunt . Passivorum Constructio . PAssiva habent Ablativum agentis cum Praepositione , a , ab vel abs , & i●●erdum Dativum . Caeteri casus , excepto Accusativo , manent in Passivis qui fuerint Activorum . Passivorum constructionem sequuntur Neutro-passiva , vapulo , vaeneo , liceo , exulo , fio . Verba Infiniti Modi vel aliis Verbis , vel Participiis , aut Adjectivis subjiciuntur . Verba Infiniti Modi interdum figuratè & absolutè ponuntur . Quatuor sunt Verborum genera quae solùm post se Infinitivum habere perhibentur . 1. Quae significant sensum ; ut , audio , sentio , intelligo , docco , disco . 2. Quae significant voluntatem ; ut , cupio , posco , libet , placet . 3. Quae potentiam ; ut , possum , queo , valeo : Et 4. Quae s●quuntur , Licet , liberum est , par est , aequum est , contingit , &c. De Gerundiis . GErundia & Supina activè significantia regunt casum suorum Verborum . Gerundia in di , pendent , a quibusdam tum Substantivis tum Adjectivis Genitivum regentibus . Sed Poeticè Infinitivus Modus hujus Gerundii loco ponitur ; ut , studium quibus arva tueri , &c. Gerundia in di , pro casu sui verbi quem debent regere habent aliquando genitivum pluralem , ( i. e. ) Accusativus pluralis vetitur aliq . in genitivum pluralem ; ut , novarum qui spectandi copiam faciunt ; causa est quia Gerund●a sunt substantiva utriusque numeri , uti plerique vosunt . Gerundia in do , pendent ab his Praepositionibus , a , ab , abs , de , e , ex , cum , in , pr● , aut ponuntur absque Praepositione cum ●●gnificatur causa vel modus ; ut , nihil est quin malé narrando p●ssit depravariēr , Ter. Omnia conando docilis solertia vincit , Mart. Alitur vitium crescitque tegendo , &c. Gerundia in dum , pendent ab his Praepositionibus , inter , ante , ad , ob , propter , aut ponuntur absolutè cum Dativo expresso vel inrellecto quando significatur necessitas . Quandoque Gerundia significant passivè ; ut , Athenas erudiendi grati● missus . Gerundia vertuntur eleganter in Adjectiva & cum Substantivis , genere , numero , & casu conveniunt ; ut , ad discendas literas . De Supinis . PRius Supinum sequitur verba aut participia significantia motum ad locum . Posterius Supinum sequitur nomina adjectiva au● verba significantia motum de loco ; ut , obsonatu redeo , Plaut . Primus cubitu surgat . Postremus cubitum eat , Cat. de re rust . Constructio Temporis & Loci . TErminus temporis respondens ad quaestionem factam per Quando , quid sit factum ? in Ablativo effertur . Spatium temporis respondens ad quaestionem factam per Quamdiu ? & spatium loci respondens ad quaestionem factam per Quantum ? in Accusativo frequentiùs , interdum & in Ablativo efferuntur . Locorum Constructio . NOmina majorum locorum , nempè regionum , insularum & provinciarum , ut & appellativa locorum adduntur plerumque cum Praepositione . Propria Urbium & Oppidorum . PRopria urbium & oppidorum quae in loco significant , & respondent ad quaestionem , Vbi ? Si sint numeri singularis , & primae vel secundae declinationis in Genitivo efferuntur , sin pluralis , tantùm numeri aut tertiae declinationis fuerint in Dativo aut Ablativo efferuntur . Humi , domi , militiae , belli , ruri vel rure , propriorum sequuntur formam . Propria urbium & oppidorum ubi motus ad locum significatur , & ad quaestionem Quo ? respondetur , in Accusativo citra Praepositionem efferuntur . Sic Domum & Rus usurpamus . Propria urbium & ●ppidorum à loco aut per locum significantia & ad quaestionem , unde aut Quâ ? respondentia , in Ablativo sine Praepositione efferuntur . Sic Domo & rure utimur . Domi non alios Genitivos adjectivorum patitur quam Meae , tuae , suae , nostrae , vestrae , alienae . Si alia addas Adjectiva in Ablativo cum domo efferuntur . Impersonalium Constructio . GENITIVUS . HAeC Impersonalia interest & refert Genitivum sibi personae plurimùm subjiciunt , nisi quòd pro genitivis pronominum primitivorum regunt hos ablativos foemininos , Meâ , tuâ , suâ , nostrâ , vestrâ & cujâ . Regunt & hos genitivos quantitatis , tanti , quanti , magni , parvi , pluris . DATIVUS . In Dativum feruntur haec Impersonalia , accidit , certum est , contingit , constat , confert , competit , conducit , convenit , placet , displicet , dolet , expedit , evenit , liquet , libet , licet , nocet , obest , prodest , praestat , patet , stat , restat , benefit , ●●lefit , satisfit , superest , sufficit , vacat pro otium est . ACCUSATIVUS . Haec Impersonalia Accusandi casum exigunt , juvat , decet , cum compositis , item delectat & oportet . His vero attinet , pertinet , spectat , propriè additur Praepositio Ad. His Impersonalibus subjicitur Accusativus cum Genitivo , poenitet , taedet , miseret , miserescit , pudet , piget . Impersonalia praecedentem Nominativum non habent . Nonnulla Impersonalia aliquando remigrant in personalia . Impersonalia vel ponuntur absolutè , vel post se verborum personalium ●asum regunt . Verbum Impersonale passivae vo●is pro singulis personis utriusque numeri indifferenter accipi potest . Participiorum Constructio . PArticipia regunt casus suorum Verborum , cum facta sint nomina genitivum regunt . Praeter haec , Natus , prognatus , satus , cretus , creatus , ortus , editus , oriundus , Ablativum regentia . Participia passiva plurimùm Dativis , Participia activè significantia magnâ ex parte Accusativis gaudent . Exosus , perosus , pertaesus , activè significantia Accusativum , exosus & perosus passivè significantia Dativum regunt . Adverbii Constructio . EN & Ecce demonstrandi Adverbia Nominativo frequentiùs , sed exprobrandi Accusativo nectuntur . Quaedam Adverbia loci , temporis & quantitatis ut & ergô & instar Genitivum post se vecipiunt . Sed instar aliquando usurpatur cum praepositione ad . Quaedam Adverbia Dativum admittunt nominum undè deducta sunt . Hi Dativi sunt Adverbiales , Tempori , Luci , Vesperi . Quaedam etiam Accusandi casum admittunt praepositionis unde sunt profecta . Accusativos Adjectivorum in neutro genere utriusque numeri absolutè ponunt Poètae pro Adverbiis ; ut , Torvùmque repentè clamat , Virg. Aen. 7. Horrendum strident , Aen. 6. Immane spirans , Aen. 7. Turbidum laetatur : Perfidum ridens . Hor. Acerba sonans , 3. Georg. Transversa tuentibus hireis , Virg. 3. Ecl. Adverbia Comparativi & Superlativi gradùs eandem cum nominibus constructionem habent . Plùs , ampliùs , minùs , Nominativo , Accusativo , Ablativo junguntur , subauditâ conjunctione quàm ; ut , Minùs quindecim dies sunt . Plùs quingentos colaphos infregit , horâ ampliùs , minùs nihilo . Abhinc etiam jungitur Accusativo vel Ablativo ; ut , Abhinc sexaginta annos & annis . Constructio Conjunctionum . COnjunctiones copulativae & disjunctivae , cum his sex , quàm , nisi , praeterquam , an , cum & tum geminatum similes casus nectunt , nisi casualis dictionis ratio aliqua privata repugnet . Aliquoties similes modos & tempora nectunt & aliquoties similes modos sed diversa tempora . Quae Particulae modis inserviant . Subjunctivum regunt , 1. Voces Indesinieae , quis , qualis , quantus . 2. Causales , quin , qui , ut , uti , quo , dummodi , & dum pro dummodo & frequentiùs quomvis , etsi , ta●ets● , e●iamsi , & licet . 3. Dubitativae , an , ne , num . 4. Oprativae , utinam , Osi . 5. Dissimulativae seu simulationis , perinde , aesi , quasi , ceuvero , pro quasi vero , tanquam , sed cum sunt semilitudinis Adverbia , Indicativum amant : quippequi , utpote qui , ubi , cum , ni , nisi , si , quòd , quia , postquam , &c. utrumque ; modum amant : at si , pro quamvis subjunctivo tantùm . Ne prohibendi vel Imperativis vel Subjunctivis praeponitur . Sed ne , an , num , Interrogandi particulae , quando , quandoquidem , quoniam , quippe , dum & donec , pro quamdiu ; ut , pro postquam , quolnodo , sicut , Indicativo gaudent . Quòd & ut , ne consundantur , sic distingui possunt . Quòd idem valet ac quia , & plurimùm de re gestâ sive praete●itâ usurpatur : Ut valet , eo , fine , & potissimùm in Fu●uris hoc utimur ; velut , gaudeo quòd veneris : scripsi ut venires . Post has voces , adeò , ideò , ita , sic , tam , talis , tantus , tot , tantùm abest , &c. nunquam ponitur , quòd , sed ut , cum subjunctivo ; ut , non sum ita hebes ut ista dicam : Ut habet quoque ; locum post verba petendi , jubendi , timendi , &c. Item post verba quae voluntatem ac studium significant : velut , volo , curo , laboro , &c. & post haec verba quae indicant eventum , fit , evenit , accidit , contingir . Caetera de particulis Authorum sedula lectio curiósos doceat . Praepositionum Constructio . PRaepositio aliquando subauditur . Aliquando Verbum Compositum regit casum v● Praepositionis , aliquando repetit candem Praepositionem cum suo casu e●rra compositionem . Quaedam Praepositiones Accusativis , quaedam Ablativis inserviunt : de quibus in Rudimentis . Tenus gaudet Ablativo tum Singulari tum Plurali & Genitivo tantùm Plurali . Quaedam ut●ique casui inserviunt ; ut , In , super , sub , subter , casum subnectito utrumque . Quartum cum motùs sextum cum voce quiet is . His quoque clam jungas quod casu ga●det utroque . In , pro , erga , contra , & ad , Accusativum ha●er . Am , di , dis , re , se , con , sunt Praepositiones quae nunquàm extra compositionem inveniuntur . Praepositiones cum casus amiti ant , migrant in Adverbia . Interjectionum Constructio . OExclamantis Nominativo , Accusativo & Vocativo jungitur , cum vocandi est particula Vocativo tantùm ; ut , huc ades O Galataea . Heu Nominativo , Dativo & Accusativo ; ut , Heu pieta● . Heu misero mihi . Heu stirpem invisam . Hei & Vae Dativo solùm ; ut , Hei mihi qualis erat . Vae tibi causidice . Proh , ah , & vah , regunt Accusativum & Vocativum ; Ah me miserum . Ah virgo in feli● . Ah inconstantiam . Heus & Ohe tantum Vocativo ! Heus Syve ! Ohe libette ! Ter. & M●rt . Apage & hem Accusativo ▪ ut , Hem astutias ! Apage istiusmodi salutem quae cum cruciatu advenit . Plaut . in Merc. The foregoing SYNTAXIS Examin'd and Explain'd by QUESTION and ANSWER . Q. WHat Part of Grammar is that which teacheth us to make and speak Latin ? A. It is the Third Part of Grammar , called Syntaxis in Greek , in Latin Constructio . Q. What is Syntaxis ? A. It is a right and due joyning of the Parts of Speech together in speaking or writing Latin according to the Natural Manner and Rules of Grammar , and this is the plain , simple and analogous Syntaxis ; as , Magna pars vulnerata . But the Syntaxis which differs from the same is called the Figurative Syntaxis ; as , Magna pars vulnerati : Whence Syntaxis is two-fold , 1. Perfecta , called Analoga , viz. the Regular Syntaxis . 2. Figurata , called also Anomala , viz. Irregular . Q. How many fold is the plain or analogous Syntaxis ? A. In general , this plain analogous , perfect or simple Syntaxis is twofold , 1. Concord of Words . 2. Government of Words , ( i. e. ) Construction in the Agreement of Words , and Construction in the Government of Words . Q. Under how many Heads may Syntaxis thus divided he considered ? A. Syntaxis , for the greater ease of Tyrocinians in making and parsing of Latin , may be considered and reduced into Twelve Heads or Parts . Q. Which are those Twelve Parts or Heads ? A. They are first the Concords . 2. The Case of the Relative . 3. The Construction of Nouns Substantives . 4. The Construction of Adjectives . 5. The Construction of Pronouns . 6. The Construction of Verbs Actives , Neuters , or Deponents . 7. The Construction of Verbs Passives . 8. The Construction of Gerunds and Supines . 9. Of Time and Place . 10. Of Impersonals . 11. Of the Participles . 12. Of the undeclined Parts of Speech . Q. What ease and benefit doth the considering and reducing of Syntaxis under these particulars produce ? A. The ease and benefit is this : Consider first , that every word is governed most commonly of that which goes before it in Construction ; for in the Construction of that foregoing word you shall find the Rule for the government of that word you last construed : for if you have a word in the Genitive Case coming next after a Verb in construction , I conclude that the Rule for that word is to be found in the Construction of Verbs with a Genitive Case . Q. What is Concord , the first of the twelve Parts ? A. It is the agreement of words together in some special Accidents or Qualities ; as , in one Number , Person , Case , or Gender . Q. How many Concords or Agreements are there ? A. There are really but two , though commonly reckon'd three : the first between the Nominative Case and the Verb ; the second between the Substantive and Adjective ; the third between the Antecedent and Relative , which may be referred to the second . Q. Why must these six so agree together ? A. It is because the three latter , viz. the Verb , Adjective , and Relative , are weak and cannot be placed orderly in Speech , except they be guided and holden up by the three stronger , ( i. e. ) by the Nominative Case , Substantive and Antecedent . Q. Now , before I proceed farther in Syntaxis , which teacheth me to make Latin , let me know when an English is given to be made in Latin what I must do . A. You must look out for the Principal Verb. Q. What Verb is that you call the Principal Verb ? A. It is the first Verb , or ought to be the first Verb , in a Sentence . Q. Is the first Verb always the Principal Verb ? A. No : For , 1. if there comes an Infinitive Mood before it ; or , 2. if it hath before it a Relative ; as , that , whom , which ; or , 3. a Conjunction ; as , ut , that ; cum , when ; si , is , and such others , then the first Verb is not the Principal Verb. Q. Why cannot the Infinitive Mood , or the Verb that follows the Relative or Conjunction , be the Principal Verb ? A. Because they do most commonly depend upon some other Verb going before them in natural or due order of Speech . Q. Must not the same Way and Method be used when a Latin is to be construed or turned into English , as when an English is given to be made into Latin ? A. Yes , the very same ; for then the Principal Verb must be sought and mark'd carefully , because that will point out the right Nominative Case that agrees with that Verb in Number and Person . Q. After one hath found out the Principal Verb , what must he then do ? A. He must seek out its Nominative Case , by asking the Question , who or what in the Verb ; for the word that answers to the Question will be the Nominative Case . Q. Must one always thus seek out the Nominative Case ? A. Yes , in Verbs Personals ; for a Verb Impersonal will have no Nominative Case . Q. How shall the Nominative Case be set in Making or Construing Latin ? A. It shall be set before the Verb. Q. Is it always set before the Verb ? A. No : For , 1. if a Question be asked ; as , Am●stu ? Dost thou love ? 2. If the Verb be of the Imperative Mood ; as , Ama●tu , Love thou . 3. If this Sign , It or There , comes before the English of the Verb ; as , Est liber meus , It is my Book . Venit ad me quidam , There came one to me ; for them it is placed most commonly after the Verb , or after the Sign of the Verb. Q. What Case shall the casual word be , which comes next after the Verb , and answers to the Question , Whom or What , made by the Verb ? A. It shall commonly be the Accusative Case . Q. Why do you say commonly , Is there any exception ? A. Yes ; for sometimes , and that pretty often , a Verb may properly govern another Case after it to be construed withal ; as , Si cupis placere Magistro utere diligentiâ , nec sis tantus cessator ut calcaribus indigens . If you cover to please thy Master , use disigence , and be not so great a Truant , or so slack , that thou shall need Spurrs ; where placere goverus properly a Dative , and utere and indigeas Ablatives . Q. Before you examine the following Parts of the Syntaxis , be pleased to tell me , to how many Heads the examination of any declined word may be reduced ? A. It may be reduced to these ●our : 1. The Knowledge of it . 2. The Declining of 〈◊〉 3. The Accidents of it . And , 4. The Government of it . The three first belong to E●●mologia , and the last to Syntaxis . Q. That we may return to the Examination of the twelve Heads of Syntax●s , let me know how the first Concord , viz. a Verb Personal agrees with its Nominative Case ? A. It agrees with it in Number and Person . Q. What mean you by this ? A. That the same Number and Person that the Nominative Case is , the same the Verb must be of . Q. What say you of the second Concord , wherein is the Agreement ? A. That Nouns Adjectives and also Participles and Pronouns agree with their Substantives , in Case , Gender and Number , yea , tho' a Verb comes between . Q. What say you of the third Concord , which may be referred to the second ? A. That the Relative , Qui , agrees with its antecedent in Gender , Number and Person , and sometimes in Case . Q. What say you of the Case or Rule of the Relative ? A. The Relative is either the Nominative Case to the Verb , or it is governed of the Verb , ( i. e. ) it will be of such a Case as the Verb will have after it ; or if it is not governed of the Verb , it must be governed of another word ; but observe , that it is construed alway before the Verb. Q. What sort of Nouns are those that follow the Rule of Relatives in Construing and Covernment ? A. Nouns Interrogatives and Indefinites ; as , Quis , ecquis , quisnam , &c. Q. What say you of the Question and Answer to it ? A. I say , that when a Question is asked , the Answer in Latin must be made by the same Case of a Noun , Pronoun or Participle , and by the same Tense of a Verb , that the Question is asked by ; as , Whose Ground is this ? My Neighbours , What do Boys do in the School ? They ply their Books . Q. How many Exceptions have you from this Rule ? A. Three ; 1. When a Question is asked by a word that may govern divers cases ; as , For how much have you bought this Book ? For little . Do you accuse me of Theft , or Murther , or both ? Of neither , &c. 2. If a Question be asked by Cujus , ●a , jum ; as , Whose Saying is this ? Cicero's . 3. When an Answer is made by one of these Possessives , Meus , tuus , suus noster , vester ▪ as , Whose House is that ? Not yours , but Ours . Whose Book is this ? It is my Book . Q. How comes it to pass that one Substantive oftentimes agrees with another Substantive in the same Case ? A. It is because it signifies or belongs to the same thing or person ; as , I have protected a Thousand Sail with my Courage , the hope of your return . My Father a Man , loveth me a Child . Q. Which is the first Rule of the Figurative Syntaxis , and what 's the meaning thereof ? A. It is Verba Infiniti Modi , ( i. e. ) Verbs of the Infinitive Mood set an Accusative Case before them , instead of a Nominative ; as , I am glad that you are returned safe . I will have you act a Comedy . I bid yo● be gone . Q. How may this Mood , or Figurative Way of Speaking be resolved ? A. Sometime● by Quòd , which commonly renders a Reason , and is for the most part spoken of the thing gone or past ; as , I am glad that you returned safe . And sometimes by Vt , which is spoken of the final cause or thing to come ; as , I bid you be gone : Also sometimes it is resolved by an , ne , and quin , non going before ; as , I doubt whether your Father bid you . I fear that the Stranger will not abide it , &c. After videor it cannot be resolved ; for we do not say , Videor quod terram video , tho' I may say , Videor terram videre . Q. Which is the second Rule of the Figurative Syntaxi● ? A. It is Nomen multitudinis singulare , &c. viz. A Noun of Multitude , being singular , will have a Verb Plural ; as , Part are gone . Somebody open the Door . Both are mocked with deceit . We the People are overcome by one . Q. Which is the third Rule of the Figurative Syntaxis ? A. It is Nominativus primae vel secundae personae , &c. ( i. e. ) the Nominative of the first or second person , ( unless it be for difference sake , or the better expressing the thing to be spoken ) and the Nominative Case of the third Person when its signification only belongs to Men is seldom expressed . Q. Which is the fourth Rule or thing to be observed in the Figurative Syntaxis ? A. That sometimes an Infinitive Mood , sometimes a Sentence , or some part of a Sentence , sometimes an Adverb with a Genitive Case or a word taken 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or mater●aliter , ( i. e. ) for it self , may supply the place of a Nominative Case , Substantive , or Antecedent ; as , To lye is not our property . To rise betimes in the Morning is the most wholesome thing in the World. Add , That to have learnt the Liberal Sciences faithfully , makes Men to be of a better deportment , and suffers them not be Clowns and Brutes . To love one's Parents is just . Part of the Men were slain . Homo is a word of two syllables , and Fur is a word of three letters , &c. Q. Which is the fifth Rule observable in the Figurative Syntaxis ? A. Two Nominative Cases , two Substantives , and two Antecedents Singular , with a Conjunction Copulative coming between them , will have a Verb , Adjective , and Relative Plural , which Verb , Adjective , and Relative agrees with the Nominative Case , Substantive , and Antecedent of the more worthy Person and more worthy Gender : except that in things without life the Neuter Gender is more worthy . I and you , who live in the Fields here , are contented . You and your Daughter , who live at London , do see fine Shews . Both Mars and Venus were taken by Vul●an's Wiles . Mulciberis capti Marsque Venusque dolis . The Rule and Dignity which thou hast required . You sleep much and drink often , both which things are nought for the Body . The Bow and Arrows which thou hast broken . Q. Which is the sixth Observation or Rule in the Figurative Syntaxis ? A. A Verb Substantive placed between two Nominative Cases of divers Numbers , and a Relative between two Antecedents of divers Genders , may agree with either of them . The falling out of Lovers is the renewing of Love. A living Creature full of Reason , ( animal plen . rationis ) which we call a Man , quem or quod vocamus hominem . There is a place in Prison called the Dungeon . There was one shape of Nature in the World called Chaos . Q. What is the meaning of this Verse in the Figurative Syntaxis , Mobile fit fixum si fixum menie subaudis ? A. That Adjectives taken substantively , are of the same Gender as the Substantive understood is ; as , Few are good . Q. What is the meaning of this Rule , Aliquando Relativum , aliquando & nomen Adjectivum ? A. That sometimes a Relative , and sometimes a Noun Adjective or Participle answers to , or agreeth with its ▪ Primitive understood in the Possessive ; as , I have seen your Hand-writing . All Men spoke well , or did say all good things , and did praise my good hap , who had a Son endued with so good a Nature . You have seen the Eyes of me weeping . Seeing that no body readeth the Writing of me , fearing to recite them to the Common People . Q. What Parts of Syntaxis are we next to examine ? A. We are to examine those Parts of Syntaxie concerning the Government of Words . Q. What is Government in Syntaxis ? A. It is the depending of one word upon another● and most commonly every word depends or is governed of that word which goes before it in con●●●●ction , except in the Relative Qui : In Nouns Interrogatives and Indefinites , which with their Substantives joyned with them , are governed of the word following ; as , Coelestis ira quos premit miseros facit , humana nullos , &c. Q. How many fold is Government ? A. It is twofold , the Government of Cases , and the Government of Moods . Q. What Parts of Speech govern Cases ? A. All Parts of Speech except a Conjunction . Q. What is the first Part in the government of Cases ? A. It is the government of Nouns Substantives . Q. What Cases do Substantives govern ? A. They govern commonly a Genitive , some a Dative , or an Ablative , and some of old did govern an Accusative . Q. What is the Rule for those that govern a Genitive ? A. It is , Posterius ●●orum Substantivorum , &c. That is the latter of two Substantives , signifying divers things , shall be the Genitive Case ; as , The Love of Money increaseth as much as the Money it self . Which Genitive is often changed into an Adjective Possessive , and put to agree with the former Substantive in Case , Gender and Number ; as , The House of my Father . My Father's House . Sometimes this Genitive also is turned into a Dative , He is a Father to me , or my Father . Q. What is the second Rule in the Construction of Substantives ? A. It is this , A Noun or a Pronoun Adjective being put absolutely in the Neuter Gender , becomes a Substantive and governs a Genitive Case ; ●s , on the contrary , a Substantive sometimes , especially amongst the Greeks , becomes an Adjective . By this Rule also the English of the word Res , being joyned to an Adjective , may be omitted , for an Adjective in the Neuter Gender may signifie for Res and it self too . Q. Which is die third Rule in the Construction of Substantives ? A. It is , Prius Substantivum aliquando subauditur , ( i. e. ) The former Substantive is sometimes understood . Q. Which is the fourth Rule in the Construction of Substantives ? A. La●● & vituperium , &c. Words that denote any quality or property inhering or adhering to the praise or dispraise of a thing , are commonly used in the Genitive or Ablative Case , after a Noun or Verb Substantive . Q. What follows next ? A. Opus and usus require an Ablative Case ; but opus governs also a Dative of the Person , and sometimes it hath a Nominative . Q. What say you of Nouns derived of Verbs , or Verbals in i● ? A. Of old they were wont to govern the same Case as the Verb whence they were derived ; as , Quid tibi hanc curatio est rem ? Plant. Quid tibi nos mendice homo tactio est ? Plant. Justitia est obtemperaetio legibus scriptis , Cicero . Traditio alteri , Idem . Domum reditioni● spe sublatâ , Caesar . l. 1. de Bello Gallico . So Adjectives , especially Verbalia in bundus ; ut , 〈◊〉 agros , vitabundus castra hostium . Imaginabundus Carnisicem . G●atulabundus Patriae . Studiosus adulcerio s● . studere adulterio , Plant. 〈◊〉 sit ignis aquae pugnax . Q. What comes next , or what is the second Part of Syntaxis in the Gorvernment of Words ? A. It is the Government or Construction of Nouns Adjectives with a Genitive , Dative , Accusative , or Ablative Case . Q. What sort of Adjectives govern a Genitive Case ? A. Adjectives signifying desire , knowledge , remembrance , care , fear , and Adjectives contrary to them ; likewise Verbals in ax ; also Partitives , Comparatives , Superlatives , Distributives , Interrogatives , and certain Nouns of Number . Q. Do all these always govern a Genitive Case ? A. Not always , for Nouns Partitives , and those that are put partitively , are sometimes used with these Prepositions , Ab , de , è , ex , inter , ante . Q. What say you of Compos , impos , consors , exors , particeps , potens , impotens , & c ? A. They govern a Genitive Case . Q. What say you of Reus , certior , sollicitus , and conscius ? A. The three first govern a Genitive or an Ablative with de , but conscius is joyned to a Genitive of the thing , and sometimes to a Dative , but always to a Dative of the Person . Q. What sort of Adjectives govern a Dative Case ? A. Adjectives that signifie , Profit , disprofit , friendship , hatred , aptitude , ineptitude , &c. Likewise Adjectives compounded with the Preposition con ; and lastly , Verbals in hilis , and Participials in dus . Q. But what say you of Natus , commodus , incommodus , utilis , inutilis , vehemens , par , aequalis ? A. They are sometimes joyned to an A●c●sative with a Preposition Q. What say you of Communis , alienus , immunis ? A. They serve to divers Cases , but most commonly to a Genitive or Dative ; but immunis and alienus are used sometimes with a Preposition . Q. What Adjectives govern an Accusative and sometimes a Genitive or Ablative ? A. Adjectives of Quantity ; as , Longus , long ; latus , broad ; altus , deep or high ; crassus , thick : for the word signifying the measure of length , breadth , or thickness of any thing , is put after Adjectives in the Accusative Case , and sometimes in the Ablative , and sometimes , tho' seldom , in the Genitive . Q. What Adjectives govern an Ablative Case , or a Genitive of the thing ? A. Adjective which signifie Plenty or Want. Q. What other Adjectives govern an Ablative Case ? A. Adjectives of the Comparative Degree havin By or Then after them ; likewise , Dignus , indignus , praeditus , captus , contentus , extorris , fretus , vilis , charus , venalis . Lastly , Nouns signifying the cause , instrument , form or manner , or some such thing ; as , the Adjunct or Circumstance . Q. What Case will Nouns of Diversity govern ? A. An Ablative with a Preposition , and sometimes a Dative . Q. What sort of Words are used to be added to Comparatives and Superlatives ? A. Tantò , quantò , mult● , longè , eô , quò , paulò , nimiô , aetate , natu . Q. What say you of the Construction of Pronouns ? A. When Passion or Suffering is signified , these Primitives , Mei , tui , sui , nostri and vestri are used ; but when Possession is signified , Meus , tuus , suus , noster and vester are used , signifying actively , as the other signifie passively . Q. What Pronouns are they that may be of any Person ? A. Ipse and idem , which idem hath after it , qui , & , ●c , or atque . Q. What say you of Hic , ille and iste , how are they distinguished ? A. Hic shews proximity , ille shews excellency , and iste contempt . Iste also shews him who is next unto you , and ille one remote from both . Hic also is referred to the latter and nearer of two Antecedents . I lle to the farther off , or that which is first spoken of , &c. Yet it happens sometimes otherwise . Q. Which is the next Part of Construction or Syntaxis ? A. The next is the Construction of Verbs with a Nominative Case after them ; with a Genitive and Dative governed of them ; with an Accusative following Verbs , signifying actively , and with an Ablative governed of them . Q. What Verbs a●e 〈◊〉 that will have a Nominative or the ●ame Case 〈◊〉 them , as they have before them ▪ A. They are , 1. Verbs Substantives , Sam , forem , 〈◊〉 , ●xista , ( so called because they signifie a Substance or Being . ) 2. Certain Verbs Passives of Calli●g ; as , Dicor , vocor , 〈◊〉 , ap●llor , haboor , existim●r , videor . 3. Verbs Neu●ers of Gesture , ( so called because they signifie some Gesture or Posture of Body ; ) as , Sodeo , 〈◊〉 , ●●bo , eo , incedo , c●●ro . Q. What if Verbs Substantive● and Passives have an Acc●sative or Dutive Case before them ? A. Then they have an Accusative or Dative Case after them , as Infinitive Moods commonly have . Q. But will they always have a Nominative after them when they have it before them ? A. Yes , because they must have such after them , as they have before them . Q. Which is your Rule for Verbs governing a Genitive , and what sorts of Verbs are they ? A. The Rule is , Sum significans Possessionem , &c. That is , when Sum signifies Possession , Owing , Property or Duty ; or when you say , It is one's Part or Duty to do such a thing , it governs a Genitive Case . Q. Is there no exception ? A. Yes ; for Meus , tuus , suus , noster , vester , must be the Nominative Case agreeing with the Substantive going before , expressed , or understood , because they are Pronouns Adjectives . Q. What 〈◊〉 Verbs govern a Genitive Case ? A. Verbs that be●oken , to esteem ; viz. signifying the value , require a Genitive Case with an Accusative , signifying the thing valued . Q. What Genitives are those ? A. They are these , Ta●●i , qu●nti , with their Compounds ; likewise Magni , maximi , pluris , plurimi , parvi , mi●oris , mi●imi , nihili , ●●ooci , nanci , pili , ass●s , hujus , teruntii . Q. Which are the common Verbs of Esteeming ? A. They are , Aestimo , pendo , facio , hab●o , duco , puto , to which add consulo , &c. Q. What Cases else may aestimo govern ? A. These Ablatives , Magno , permagno , parvo , nihilo . Q. What other Verbs require a Genitive Case ? A. Verbs of Accusing , Condemning , Warning , Purging , Quitting , or Assoiling , will govern ( besides an Accusative of the Person ) a Genitive of the Crime , and sometimes of the Punishment . Q. Which are those Verbs that signifie , 1. To Accuse . 2. Condemn . 3. Warn . 4. Purge , Quit , or Assoil ? A. Of the first sort are , Accuso , incuso , adstringo , &c. Of the second , Datnno , condemno , judico , noto . Of the third , Admoneo , commoneo , commonefacio . Of the fourth , Absolv● , libero , purgo , solvo , &c. Q. May these Verbs have no other Case of the Crime ? A. Yes , an Ablative , with , and most commonly without , a Preposition , especially if Vterque , nullus , alter , neuter , alius , ambe , or a Superlative Degree follow . Q. What other Verbs require a Genitive Case ? A. Satago , misereor , miseresco . Q. What Case do Reminiscor , obliviscor , recordor , and memini govern ? A. A Genitive , and sometimes an Accusative ; but memini signifying , I make mention , may have an Ablative with a Preposition ; as , Memini de te . Q. What Case doth Poti●r govern ? A. A Genitive or Ablative ; as , Potior urbis , potior voto . Q. What Verbs govern a Dative Case ? A. All sort of Verbs put acquisitively , ( i. e. ) having To or For after them , govern a Dative Case of the Thing or Person , to whom any thing is gotten , and commonly from whom any thing is taken . Q. What sort of Verbs belong to this Rule ? A. All sort of Verbs , Actives , Passives , Neu●ers , and Deponents , as well Transitives , as Intransitives . Q. What are the first sort of Verbs that belong to this Rule ? A. They are Verbs signifying Profit or Disprofit . Q. What Verbs are there of this sort ? A They are , Plaoeo , displiceo , commodo , incomm●d● , proficio , noceo , officio , ( except juvo , laedo , offende , and d●leo , of the thing ; as , Tu tua damna dole ? Doleo vicem tuam . ) Also , Auxil●or , opitulor , opem fero , subvenio , patrocinor , medeor , faeveo , grator , gratulor , gratificor , pa●co , indulgeo , consulo , prospicio , studeo . Q. What are the second sort of Verbs that belong to this Rule ? A. They are Verbs of Comparing ; as , Comparo , compono , consero , aequo , adaequo , aequiparo , contendo , and certo pro comparo , which sometimes are governed of Prepositions with their Cases . Q. What are the third sort of Verbs governing a Dative ? A. Verbs of Giving and Restoring ; as , Dono , concedo , trado , reddo , confero , tribuo , attribuo , largior , elarglor , ministro , restituo , suppedito , repono , &c. Q. Which are the fourth sort of Verbs that govern a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs of Promising , Paying , and Owing ; as , Promitto , polliceor , spŏn̄deo , debeo , solvo , appendo , numero , &c. Q. Which are the fifth sort of Verbs governing a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs that signifie , to command , shew , or declare ; as , Impero , praecipio , dominor , mando , ( and sometimes jubeo ) nuncio , renuncio , dico , declaro , aperio , expone , explico , monstro , indico , significo , narro , patefacio , ●stendo , &c. Q. Which are the sixth sort of Verbs that govern a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs of trusting , and Verbs contrary to them ; as , Credo , sido , sidem habeo , dissido , &c. Q. What are the seventh sort of Verbs , that govern a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs of complying with , or obeying , and Verbs of resisting or thwarting ; as , Obedio , pareo , obsequer , obtempero , moremgero , cedo , morigeror , servio , famulor , ancillor , velisicor , blandior , adulor , assentior , palpo , p●gno , repugno , resisto , adversor , luctor , reluctor , recla●o , certo ; but adulor , assentior , adversor , and palp● , are read also with an Accusative Case . Q. Which are the ninth sort of them ? A. They are Verbs of threatning , or being angry with ; as , Minor , indignor , iraescor , succenseo , minitor , intermino● , offendor . Q. Which are the tenth sort of Verbs , that govern a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs of meeting with ; as , Occurr● , obvenio , obviant eo , obviam fis , or habeo . Q. Which are the eleventh sort ? A. They are Sum and his Compounds ; as , Adsum , praesum , prosum , intersum , supersum , desum , &c. except possum , and also absum ; as , absint inani sunere neniae . Q. Which is the twelfth sort of them ? A. They are Verbs Neuters and Passives , compounded with these Prepositions , Prae , ad , con , sub , ante , post , ●b , in , inter ; but 〈◊〉 , anteeo , anteoede , anteste , anteverto , praevenio , praevinco , praecedo , praecurro , praeverto , pr●vertor , are joyned to an Accusative ; so are invideo , insulto , occumbo , subeo , sufficio , illudo , attendo . Q. Which are the thirteenth sort of these Verbs , that govern a Dative Case ? A. They are Verbs compounded with these Adverbs , Satis , benè , & malè ; as , satisfacio , benefacio , malesacio , benedico , maledico . Q. What other Verbs place will govern a Dative Case ? A. The Verb Est and Suppetit , when they signifie for habeo , to have . Q. What observe you of Sum ; and some other Verbs ? A. That it and some others govern a double Dative Case . Q. What more have you to say of this Rule , Omnia Verba acqulsitivè ? A. That the Poets put a Dative Case sometimes to Verbs , instead of an Accusative , with a Proposition , and also sometimes there is added a Dative Case overmuch , not for necessity sake , but rather for pleasure . There are also certain Verbs that govern divers Cases in different respects ; as , Ausculto tibi & te . Consulo tibi , te , & in te , &c. Q. What Verbs govern an Accusative Case ? A. Verbs Transitives , or rather Actives , and most others ; as , Deponents and Neuters having a transient action ( i. e. ) passing their significatio● into another word making no perfect sense without it . Q. What other sort of Verbs may govern an Accusative Case ? A. Verbs Neuters Intransitives , ( i. e. ) which do not transfer or pass over their signification to another word , may and do often govern an Accusative of their own or a near signification ; as , vivo vitam , &c. otherwise they do not ; for it is otherwise in Neuters and Deponents , which have an absolute action or signification in them , such as are sto , 〈◊〉 , sedeo , venio , surgo , orior , morior , &c. Q. What Verbs are those that will govern two Accusative Cases after them ? A. They are Verbs of asking , teaching , arraying , concealing ; as , Doceo , edoceo , moneo , rogo , exoro , posco , hortor , induo , exuo , celo . Of which rogo , exoro , posco , doceo , edoceo , moneo , & admoneo , do retain or govern an Accusative of the thing even in the Passive Voice . Q. What Verbs govern an Ablative Case ? A. All manner of Verbs signifying the instrument , ( put with this sign with before it ) or of the cause , manner of doing , or part ; but sometimes a Preposition is added to the Ablative of the cause , manner of doing , and of the part . Q. What other Verbs govern an Ablative Case ? A. Verbs wherein the word of Price ( i. e. buying or selling , letting or hiring ) is mentioned . Q. Are there no Exceptions from this Rule ? A. Yes , these Genitives being put alone without Substantives , Tanti , quanti , pluris , minoris , tantidem , quantidem , quantivis , quantilibet , quanticunque , are excepted : but if Substantives be added to these , they and their Substantives are put in the Ablative Case ; yet vili , paulo , minimo , magno , nimio , plurimo , dimidio , duplo , are often added ( tho' they be Ablatives ) without Substantives . Q. What words are those by which the Question of the instrument , cause , or manner of doing , are answered by ? A. The instrument answers to the Question made , by Quocum , With what ? The cause , by Quare , Wherefore , for what cause or reason ? The manner of doing , by Quomodo , How or by what means ? The price of the thing answers to Quanti , For how much , or how great a price ? Q. Doth Valeo always govern an Ablative Case of the price ? A. No ; for it governs sometimes an Accusative ? Q. What other Verbs govern an Ablative Case ? A. Verbs of abounding , ( i. e. of plenty ) filling , loading , and those that signifie contrary to them , sc . Verbs of scarceness and want , emptying and unloading , some of which sometimes , tho' seldom , govern a Genitive Case . Q. What other Verbs govern an Ablative Case ? A. Fungor ; fruor , utor , ves●or , epulor , dignor , gaude● , glorior , laetor , muto , numero , communico , afficio , prosequor , impertio , impertior , consto , creor , nascor , laboro for mal● habeo , to be ill . Nitor , supersedeo , & vivo pro victito , to live upon . Q. What say you of Mereor ? A. Mereor , with the Adverbs benè , malè , meliùs , pej●s , optimè , pessimè , governs an Ablative Case with the Preposition De. Q. Are there any other Verbs that govern an Ablative ? A. Yes ▪ some Verbs of receiving , of being distant , and of taking away , will have an Ablative with a Preposition , which Ablative is turned sometimes into a Dative . Q. What say you of Verbs which have the force of comparison , or signifie exceeding ? A. They govern an Ablative Case of the word that signifies the measure of exceeding . Q. Is there no other Rule for an Ablative Case ? A. Yes , an Ablative Case absolute , with a Participle expressed or understood , being put in a Comma by it self ; which Ablative may be resolved by any of these words , Dum , cum , quando , siquam , postquam ; as , Imperante Augusto ( i. e. ) cum or quando imperabat . Q. May there not divers cases be put to the same Verb ? A. Yes , there may divers Cases of divers Reasons ; as , Dedit mihi vestem pign●ri , te praesente , propriâ 〈◊〉 . Q. What part of government follows next ? A. The Construction or Government of Verbs Passives . Q. What Case do they govern ? A. An Ablative of the Doer , with the Prepositions , A , ab , or abs , and sometimes a Dative . Q. What say you of the other Cases of Verbs Passives ? A. As for other Cases they are the same that their Actives govern , except an Accusative , which ought never to follow a Verb or Participle Passive , except in those afore-mentioned , sc . R●go , ex●ro , pos●o , doceo , edoceo , moneo , admoneo , which retain an Accusative of a thing in the Passive Voice . Q. What say you of these Neuter Passives , sc . Vapulo , vaeneo , liceo , exulo , fio ? A. They have a Passive Construction , or govern Cases as Passives do , according to our Grammar , tho' controverted by some . Q. What is the Rule of Verbs of the Infinitive Mood , and of what are they governed ? A. Verbs of the Infinitive Mood are governed , or depend , either on Verbs , Participles , or Adjectives . Q. Can all Verbs govern an Infinitive Mood after them ? A. No ; for we cannot say , curro ludere , o● viva ●dere , &c. There are only four sorts of Verbs which govern an Infinitive Mood , viz. 1. Those that signifie sense ; as , Audio , sentio , intelligo , doceo , disco . 2. Those that signifie will or desire ; as , Cupio , posco , libet , placet . 3. Which signifie power , or ability ; as , Possum , queo , valeo , &c. And , 4. these , viz. Lic●t , liberum est , aequum est , par est , contingit , &c. Q. Are not Verbs of the Infinitive sometimes put absolutely and figuratively ? A. Yes ; as , Haeccine fieri flagitia ? Criminibus terrer● novis . Q. What part of Government comes next ? A. The Construction of Gerunds and Supines . Q. What Case do Gerunds and Supines govern ? A. Gerunds and Supines , signifying actively , govern the Case of their Verbs . Q. What do Gerunds in di depend upon ? A. They depend upon certain Substantives and Adjectives governing a Genitive Case . Q. What Case have Gerunds in di sometimes , instead of the Case of their Verbs ? A. A Genitive Plural , ( i. e. ) an Accusative Case is sometimes turned into a Genitive ; Novarum qui spectandi copiam faciunt , pro novas . Ratio scribendi literarum pro literas . Q. Of what are Gerunds in do governed ? A. Of the Prepositions , A , ab , abs , de , è , ex , cum , in , pro , or else they are put without a Preposition , when the cause or manner is signified ; as , Nihil est quin malè narrando , &c. Q. Of what are Gerunds in dum governed ? A. Of these Prepositions , Inter , ante , ad , ob , propter , or else they are put absolutely with a Dative , expressed or understood when necessity ( i. e. when must or ought ) is signified . Q. May not Gerunds elegantly be turned into Nouns Adjectives ? A. Yes , and then they must agree with their Substantives in Case , Gender , and Number . Q. What is the first Supine governed of ? A. The first Supine follows Verbs ▪ or Participles , signifying moving to a place . Q. What part of Government falls under the ninth place ? A. The Construction of Time and Place . Q. In what Case is the Term or Word of Time put , answering to the Question When ? A. In the Ablative . Q. In what Case is it put answering to the Question , How long ? And in what Case is the space of a place put answering to Quantum , How much or how far ? A. In the Accusative commonly , and sometimes in the Ablative . Q. How are the Proper Names of great Places used , to wit , of Countries , Islands , and Provinces ? And how are the Common Names of Places ( i. e ▪ Nouns Substantives common , denoting place ) uttered ? A. They are commonly uttered or used with Prepositions . Q. In what Case are the Proper Names of Towns and Cities put , when they signifie , in , or at , a City or To●n , and answer to the Question , V●i , Where ? A. If they be of the first or second Declension and Singular Number , they are put in the Genitive Case ; but if they be of the Plural Number or third Declension , they are commonly put in the Ablative , and , as some say , in the Dative . Q. What Words follow the Rule of Proper Names ? A. 〈◊〉 , domi , militiae , belli , r●●i vel rure . Q. In what Case are the Proper Names of Cities and Towns put in , when they signifie moving to a place , and answer to the Question Quo , Whither ? A. They are put in the Accusative Case without a Preposition , and so are Domum and Rus used . Q. In what Case are the Proper Names of Cities and Towns put in , when they signifie From or By a place , and answering to the Question Vnde or Quâ , from whence or which way ? A. They are put in the Ablative Case without a Preposition , so are Domo and Rure . Q. What Genitives of Nouns Adjectives will Domus only admit of ? A. None but these , Meae , tuae , suae , nostrae , vestrae , alienae , for if other Adjectives be used with Domi , they must be put with it in the Ablative Case . Q. What part of Government comes next ? A. The Construction of Verbs Impersonals . Q. What Impersonals govern a Genitive Case ? A. Interest and Refert most commonly govern a Genitive of the Person , save that instead of the Genitive Cases of the Pronoun Primitives , they govern these Ablatives Feminines of the Pronouns Possessives , Meâ , tuâ , suâ , nostrâ , vestrâ , cuj● . Interest and Refert govern also these Genitives of the thing , viz. Tanti , quanti , magni , parvi , pluris , and sometimes other Cases ; as , Interest ad laudem meam , It makes to my praise . Q. What Impersonals govern a Dative Case ? A. Accidit , certum est , contingit , constat , confert , competit , conducit , convenit , placet , displicet , dolet , expedit , evenit , liquet , libet , licet , nocet , obest , prodest , praestat , patet , stat , restat , benefit , malefit , satisfit , superest , sufficit , vocat forotium est , &c. Q. What Impersonals govern an Accusative Case ? A. Juvat , decet , with their Compounds ; likewise delectat and oportet . Q. To what Impersonals is the Preposition ad properly added ? A. To these , Attinet , pertinet , spectat . Q. What Cases will Paenitet , taedet , miseret , miserescit , pudet , piget , govern ? A. An Accusat●ve with a Genitive . Q. But may not some Impersonals become Personals ? A. Yes ; as , Namque decent animos mollia regna tuos . Q. Have Impersonals a Nominative Case before them ? A. No ; for they are called Impersonals , because they have no Person , nor Number , nor Nominative Case : And Vossius saith they want also the Imperative Mood , instead of which we use the Present Tense of the Subiunctive . Q. How are Impersonals put ? A. Either absolutely ( i. e. ) by themselves , or they govern after them the Case of Verbs Personals ; as , Non nocebitur ei nocturnis roribus , The Dew shall not hurt it by night . Q. How may a Verb Impersonal of the Passive Voice signifie ? A. It may signifie indifferently , for every Person of both Numbers with the Preposition , a or ab , understood , and the Ablative Cases Singular or Plural of ego , tu , ille ; as , statur , I stand , thou standest , he standeth ; we stand , ye stand , they stand . Q. What Part of Government doth next follow ? A. The Construction of Participles . Q. What Case will Participles govern ? A. They govern the Cases of their Verbs . Q. What Case do Participles of Verbs Passives commonly govern ? A. They govern for the most part a Dative , and Participles , signifying actively , for the most part govern an Accusative Case . Q. What Case do Participles govern when they are changed into Nouns ? A. They govern a Genitive . Q. But how many ways are Participles changed into Nouns ? A. Four ; 1. When a Participle is construed with a different Case , then the Verb that it comes of is construed with it . 2. When it is compounded with a Preposition , with which the Verb it comes from , cannot be compounded . 3. When it forms all the Degrees of Comparison . 4. When it hath no respect or express difference of Time. Q. How are such Participles as are changed into Nouns called ? A. Nouns Participials . Q. Do all other Nouns Participials require a Genitive Case ? A. No ; Exosus , pertaesus , perosus , are excepted ; for when perosus and exosus signifie passively , they govern a Dative Case , and when they signifie actively , all the three govern an Accusative : And natus , prognatus , satus , cretus , creatus , ortus , editus , oriundus , govern an Ablative . Q. What part of Construction comes in the twelfth and last place ? A. The Construction of the Undeclined Parts of Speech . Q. Which of them comes first ? A. An Adverb , according to order . Q. What Case do Adverbs govern ? A. Some a Nominative and an Accusative ; as , En and Ecce , when they are Adverbs of shewing , govern most commonly a Nominative Case , seldom an Accusative ; but when they signifie upbraiding , reproaching , or disgracing , they have only an Accusative . Q. What Adverbs require a Genitive Case ? A. Adverbs of Quantity , Time and Place , and the Adverbs Instar and Ergo ; but Instar , with the Preposition Ad before it , is a Noun invariable . Q. What Adverbs govern a Dative Case ? A. Certain Adverbs derived of Nouns Adjectives which govern a Dative Case ; as , obvi●m derived of obvius , and similiter of similis . Q. Are there not some Datives of Nouns Substantives used adverbially ? A. Yes , Tempori , luci , vesperi . Q. What Adverbs derived an Accusative Case ? A. Certain Adverbs derived of Prepositions , serving to an Accusative ; as , propriùs and proximè , of the Preposition prope , and clanculùm of clam ; as Clanculùm Patres , Plaut . Q. How many ways may Prepositions be changed into Adverbs ? A. Two ; 1. When they are set alone without their Case . 2. When they do form all the Degrees of Comparison . Q. What Case will Adverbs of the Comparative and Superlative Degree have ? A. The same as the Nouns Adjectives of those Degrees of which they come . Q. What Case are plùs , ampliùs , and minùs , joyned to ? A. To a Nominative , Accusative , and Ablative , the Conjunction quàm being understood . Q. What is the Adverb abhinc joyned to ? A. To an Accusative or Ablative . Q. But do not Poets often use the Accusative Cases of Nouns Adjectives of the Neuter Gender in both Numbers for Adverbs ? A. Yes ; as , Torvùmque repentè clamat . Horrendùm stridens . Immanè spirans . Turbidùm laetatur . Perfidùm ridens , Hor. Transversà tuentibus hircis . Acerbà sonans . Crebrà fremit ; multà gemens , Virg. The manner of these Expressions are in imitation of the Greeks . Q. What Cases do Conjunctions govern , being the next in order ? A. They govern none ; but they couple like Cases , and sometimes like Moods , and Tenses , and sometimes like Moods , but divers Tenses . Q. What Conjunctions do couple like Cases ? A. All Conjunctions Copulatives , and Disjunctives , with these six , quam , nifi , praeterquam , an , cum , tum & tum doubled . Q. But may they not couple sometimes divers Cases ? A. Yes , in regard of some private reason , as in words that are of divers Constructions . Q. What Particles are there that govern Moods ? A. These following govern a Subjunctive Mood : 1. Indefinite words , ( i. e. ) words used in a general , not in a particular sense ; as , Quis , qualis , quantiss . 2. Causals , ( i. e. that give a reason or shew a cause ; ) as , Quin , quippe , qui , ut , uti , quo , dummodo , and dum for dummodo , and most an end quamvis , ersi , tametsi , etiamsi , and licet . 3. Dubitatives , ( i. e. when a Doubt is made ; ) as , An , ne , num . 4. Optatives , ( i. e. Particles or Words of Wishing ; ) as , V●inam , si , osi , ô. 5. These of Simulation , Perinde , a●si , quasi , selt vero , for quasi vero , tanquam ; but when they are Adverbs of Similitude , they govern an Indicative . Q. What Particles govern both Moods , sc . an Indicative and a Subjunctive ? A. Quippe qui , and utpote qui , ubi , cum , ni , nisi , si , quòd , quià , postquam ; but si for quamvis , governs a Subjunctive only . Q. What say you of the Adverb ne , of forbidding ? A. It governs an Imperative or Subjunctive . Q. What Participles govern an Indicative Mood ? A. Ne , an , num , being Particles of Interrogation , likewise quando , quandoq●idem , quoniam , quippe , dum and donec , put for quamdiu ; ut put for postquam , quomodo , sicut . Q. How are quòd and ut distinguished in making Latin , for both signifie that ? A. Quòd most commonly signifies the same as Quià , because , or it signifies , that , noting the efficient cause ; as , Quòd tu rediisti , Because you have returned ; and for the most part it is used concerning a thing done and past . Ut signifies to the end that , noting the final cause or effect ; as , Ut tu fabulam agas Volo ; and we use it chiefly for the future , and in things to come ; of both thus ; Gaudeo quod veneris scripsi ut venīres . Q. Which do you put , Quòd or Ut , after these words , viz. Adeò , ideò , ità , sic , tam , talis , tantus , tot , tantum abest , & c ? A. We never put Quòd after them , but Ut , with a Subjunctive M●od . Q. After what Verbs may Ut be also used ? A. After Verbs of seeking , bidding , fearing , and after Verbs that signifie a will , or study , or endeavour ; as , after volo , curo , laboro , and Verbs that signifie an event ; as , fit , evenit , accidit , contingit , &c. He that would know more concerning Particles , and the Government of Moods , let him read and consult Authors . Q. What say you of the Government of Prepositions ? A. That the Preposition In is often understood and sometimes others . Q. What comes next concerning the Government of Prepositions ? A. That a Verb compound sometimes governs a Case by the sorce of the Preposition it is compounded with . And sometimes the same Preposition is compounded or joyned with the Verb , and put before the casual word also ; as , Amicos ad vocabo ad hanc rem , where ad is put to vocabo , and put before hanc rem besides . Q. What Cases do Prepositions govern ? A. Either an Accusative or Ablative , some govern both , only Tenus governs an Ablative both Singular and Plural , and a Genitive Case Plural , but not Singular . Q. Which are those Prepositions that serve to both the Accusative and Ablative ? A. They are , In , super , sub , subter and clam ; in used for erga , contra , and ad serves to an Accusative . Officers are elegantly express'd in Latin by the Preposition A , with the Verb Est , and a Dative of the Possessor , or Master ; as , Est Regi à consiliis , He is one of the King's Counsel , or Privy Counsel . A pedibus , A Foot-man . A manibus , a Secretary or Manuensis . Q. But are there not some Prepositions , that are never found but when they are compounded with Verbs ? A. Yes these , Am , di , dis , re , se , con Q. What become of Prepositions when they govern no Case ? A. They are turned into Adverbs . Q. The Construction of which , of the undeclined Parts of Speech , doth now remain ? A. The Construction of Interjections . Q. What Cases do Interjections govern ? A. O , a Particle of Exclaiming , governs a Nominative and Vocative ; but when it is a Particle of Calling , only a Vocative ; as , O Melibaee Deus nobis haec otia fecit . Hue ades O Galatea , Virg. Eclog. 9. Heu governs a Nominative , Dative , or Accusative ; as , Heu Pietas ; Heu mifero mihi ; Heu stirpem invisam . Hei and Vae only a Dative ; as , Hei mihi ; Vae tibi Causidice . Q. What Cases do Proh , ah and vah govern ? A. They govern an Accusative and Vocative ; as , Proh Sancte Jupiter ! Proh Deûm atque hominum fidem ! Ah Virgo inselix ! Virg. Eclog. 6. Ah me miserum ! Ter. Vah mea Antiphila ! Vah inconstantiam ! Ter. Q. What Case do Heus and Ohe govern ? A. Only a Vocative ; as , Heus Syre ! Ohe Libelle ! Ter. and Mart. Q. What Case do Hem and Apage govern ? A. An Accusative ; as , Hem astutias ! Ter. Apage istiusmodi salutem quae cum cruciatu venit , Plaut . Observations for the Government of Words by Signs . A Sign is a word which of it self-signifieth nothing , but sheweth how another word signifies . A , An , The , be signs of a Nominative Case which goes before the Verb. These are also the signs of a Noun Substantive , to which you cannot put the word Man or Y●ing , as you can to an Adjective . The Accusacive hath the same signs , and it follows the Verb. O is the sign of the Vocative , and it is known by calling or speaking to any body O , is the sign of a Genitive when a Noun goes before it . Except , 1. Of after Adjectives , signifying fulness or emptiness , and before a word signifying the praise or dispraise of a thing , then it is a sign of a Genitive or Ablative . Except , 2. Of after dignus , indignus , natus , prognatus , sutus , cretus , creatus , ortus , editus , and most commonly after opus and usus , signifying need , notes an Ablative . But of after a Verb is made by one of these Prepositions , A , ab , e , ex , except after Verbs of accusing , condemning , warning and acquitting , a Genitive or an Ablative , with or without a Preposition . Also of after paenitet , pudet , taedet , piget , miseret , miserescit , and after the Verb Sum , signifying a Property or Duty , notes a Genitive . Of after Verbs of filling , easing , emptying , depriving , ridding , spoiling , unburthening , notes an Ablative without any Preposition . Of signifying concerning , is made by De. Of after Verbals in bilis , Participles of the Preterperfect Tense and Futures in dus , is a sign of a Dative ; yet sometimes it is made by a Preposition . To before a Noun is a sign of the Dative Case : but after aptus , pa●atas , tardur , and after a Substantive not governing a Genitive Case , which signisies the matter of a thing or person , it 's made by the Gerund in dum , or Participle in dus , with ad . But To , after a Substantive or Adjective , governing a Genitive Case , is made by a Gerund in di . To before a Verb is a sign of an Infinitive Mood ; but after attinet , pertinet , spectat , loquor , h●r●o , invito , provoco , addo , voco , and Verbs of motion is made by ad . To also after Verbs and Participles , signifying moving to a place , is usually made by the first Supine or Gerund in dum with ad , or by the Participle in rus . About to , to intend , or to purpose , is also made by the Fu●ure in rus . To be is a sign of the Infinitive Mood Passive ; but to be after the Verb sum , or a Substantive , is made by the Participle in dus . To be after these Adjectives , facilis , difficilis , dignus , indignus , is m●de by the latter Supine . For is sometimes the sign of a Dative Case ; but sometimes it 's made by a Preposition : But for the cause is always the Ablative ; and for the price , except after tanti , quanti , pluris , minoris , standing without Substantives , then it notes a Genitive . With , the cause or manner , is a sign of an Ablative . Except when it signifies Society , it is made by cum . Except also after Verbs of comparing , being angry with , or at ; to meet with , it is a sign of a Dati●e Case . From is an Ablative , except after Verbs of taking away , then it 's a Dative commonly . By , and then , after an Adjective of the Comparative Degree , be signs of an Ablative Case . That , when it is joined with man or thing , is made by is , ille , or iste ; otherwise ( if it cannot be turned into which ) it's a Conjunctio● to be made by qu●d or ut . How , before an Adjective is to be made by quàm ; before a Verb by qu●medo . More , most , and very , before an Adjective , are signs of the Comparative and Superlative Degree . It , or there , before a Verb , are signs of a Verb Imperson●l , or of a Nominative Case set after a Verb. A Par●iciple of the Present Tense having a sign of the Geni●iv● C●se , is made by a Gerund in di ; having the sign of an Ablative , is made by a Gerund in do : but the P●r●iciple in ing , having a or the before it , is a Substantive . About , concerning , is made by de ; afore a Noun of ●ime , or Number , with ad , circi●er , or circa ; otherwise with cir●a , circum . Afore , or before with a Noun or alone , is made by an●e ; af●r● that , before that , afore , before , with a Verb antequam . After , with a Noun is post , after that , after , with a Verb postquam ; afterwards , postea ; with the wo●ds mann●r , or f●shion , ad . All , viz. whole , is made by totus ; otherwise by omnis . Along , before a Substantive is per ; along with , ●nd cum . At , ut ; As , being repeated , or so-as , when a comparis●n , is made by tam-quam , tum-tum , cum-tum , ae●ue , perinde●a● , tam-ac , adco ut ; as much as , as great as , tantus , quanius ; as many as , so many as , tot-quot ; as like as , such as , taelis qualis ; as far , as to , as concerning , as much as belongs to , quantum ad , quod ad , quo ad . But , sed ; on●● , tantùm ; unless , nisi , praeterquam ; after cannot , non ; after nothing else , quam ; after I doubt not , quin. Over , ab●ve , is made by supra , beyond by ul●ra , through by per or trans . That , for this ; the , is made by ille ; for which , by qui. The , being thus repeated , the more the more ; the first is to be made by quo , quanto ; the latter by tanto , eo , boe . Till , aso●e a Verb is made by dum , or don̄●c ; afore a Noun , by ad , usque , ad . Very , afore a Substantive is made by ipse , otherwise by valde . Vnder , above , over , after a Noun of Number are made by minus , plus ; otherwise by subter , supta . Worth , before a Verb is made by valeo , being a Noun by dignitas ; but worth the pains , operae pretium ; otherwise it is a sign , &c. Too he be never so learned or rich , is not to be made by quamvis nunquam sit tam Doctus or Dives , but t●us , Doctissimus vel ditissimus , licet sit , &c. The signs , on , at , before a Nown of Time , Age ; also on after nitor to lean , and vescor to eat , notes an Ablative : Likewise at in such words , at table , at first sight , at first coming . &c. Also at School , at Church , by i● , with an Ablative and not by ad or apud . Of the rest of the Particles , co●sult Walker . Observe what follows for making elegant Latine . When this English That , may be formed into this English Which , it is a Relative ; otherwise it is a Conjunction , which is called in Latine quod or ut ; and in making Latine it may elegantly be put aw●y , by turning the Nominative into the Accusative , and the Verb into the Infinitive Mood . The English must or ought , that seems to be made by oportet or de●eo , may be put in the Gerund in dum , with the Verb est set impersonaily turning the Nominative into the Dative . The Verb have may be made by est in Latine , if you turn the Nominative into the Dative , and the Accusative into the Nominative . A Verb Neuter may be changed into the third Person Passive with an Ablative , and a Preposition express'd or understood . If a Verb Active be changed into a Passive you must turn the Nominative into the Dative or Ablative with a Preposition , and the Accusative into the Nominative . A Substantive with a Participle standing within a Comma by it self , and that is neither the Nominative Case to the Verb , nor governed of any other word , is put in the Ablative Case absolute , which Ablative may be resolved by one of these words , dum , cum , quando , si , quanquam , postquàm . Rules to turn English into Latin , or Latin into English . BEfore you construe , read the Sentence to a period , observing the Proper Names , ( that begin with great Letters ) and the Hard Words , with the meaning of what you are to construe . After that , 1. Take the Vocative Case ( if there be any ) with its Interjection , and whatsoever depends upon it . 2. Take the Nominative , or whatsoever is put instead of it , and joyn with it whatsoever depends upon it . 3. Take the Principal Verb , and whatsoever depends on it . 4. Take the Case following the Verb , by asking whom , or what ? and after it all the other Cases in order : first the Genitive , then the Dative and Ablative , known by their signs ; but Relatives and Nouns that follow the Rule of the Relative , together with their Substantives , ( if they have any express'd ) are commonly taken before the Verb , or any other word whereof they are governed ; and so are Conjunctions and Adverbs of likeness ; as , quemadmodum , ut , sicut , having sic or ita to answer them , in the second part of the Sentence . 5. Take the Substantive and Adjective together , unless the Adjective pass over its signification unto some other word which it governs . 6. Observe the Indeclinables , and the Case ( if they require it ) that follows them . 7. The Substantive ( with its Participle , &c. ) which neither agrees with the Verb , nor is govern'd of any word , ( i. e. ) the Ablative Case absolute , which is put in a Comma by it self . Lastly , All the Circumstances comprehended in this following Verse are to be well weighed : Quis , cui , causa , locus , quo tempore , prima sequela . That is , 1. Who speaks in that place ; what he speaks . 2. To whom he speaks . 3. Upon what occasion he speaks , or to what end . 4. Where he speaks . 5. At what time it was . 6. What went before in the Sentence next . 7. What follows next after . If any thing be against Sence or Grammar , cast it off till you have sound out the right . Short Rules for the placing of Latine , Words . 1. THe Oblique Cases , ( that is , all besides the Nominative and Vocative ) are to be placed in the beginning , unless they be Negatives , then they may elegantly be put in the end ; so may Adjectives or Par●iciples , that contain the chief point of the sence . 2. The Nominative Case is to be placed in the middle before the Verb , except a Question be asked , and then the Nominative is set after the Verb , or after the sign of the Verb , as Amas tu ? 2. When the Verb is of the Imperative Mood , as Ama tu . Or , 3. when this sign it or there cometh before the English of the Verb , as Est liber mens , Venit ad me quidam . 4. The Adjective may be placed before the Substantive , and between them may be fitly placed the Genitive of the latter of two Substantives : Also between the Adjective and the Substantive of the Genitive Case , the word governing the Genitive Case may be elegantly put . Adverbs and Participles may be placed where they seem most to please the ear : But the word governed is most commonly placed before the word governing , contrary to Grammatical order . De Figuris . Q. QVid est Figura ? R. Est novâ vel novatâ are aliquâ dicondi form● . Q. Quot ●plices sunt Figurae Grammaticae ? R. Sunt quadruplices , Orthogràphiae , Etymologiae , Syntaxis , Pr●s●diae . Q. Quot sunt Figurae Orthographi● ? R. Sunt novent ; 1. Prothesis . 2. Amphaeresis . 3. Epenthesis . 4. Syncope . 5. Paragoge . 6. Apocope . 7. Antistoicon , se● A●ith●sis , 8. Metathesis . 9. T●●esis . Sed haec omnesque Figurae Grammaticales ad Pleonasmum , Ellipsin , & Enallagen reduci possunt , Q. Quid est Prothesis ? R. Est appositio literae vel syllabae ad principium dictionis ; ut , Gnatus pro Natus : tetuli pro tuli . Q. Quid est Aphaeresis ? R. Est ablatio literae vel syllabae à principio dictionis ; ut , ●uit pro eruit : teninere pro conte●●ere . Q. Quid est Epenthesis ? R. Est interpositio literae vel syllabae in medio dictionis ; ut , relliquias , relligio , additâ L : Induperatorem pro Imperarorem . Q. Quid est S●noope ? R. Est ablatio literae ●el syllabae è medio dictionis ; ut , 〈◊〉 pro abivit : dixti pro dix sti : repostum pro repositum . Q. Quid est Parag●ge ? R. Est appositio literae vel syllabae ad finem dictionis ; ut , dicier pro dici : mittier pro mitti . Q. Quid est Apocope ? R. Est ablatio literae vel syllabae à sine dictionis ; ut , Pe●uli pro peculii : dixtin ' pro dixtine : ingeni pro ingenii . Q. Quid est Antistolcon , s●● Ant●thesis ? R. Est literae pro literâ positio ; ut , Ol●i , servos , pro illi & servus . Q. Quid est Metathesis ? R. Est literae alicujus ex propriâ sede in aliam transpositio ; ut , Thymbre pro Thymber : I prae pro praei . Q. Quid est ●●esis ? R. Est v●cis compo●●tae intersectio per u●am pluresve dictiones interpositas ; ut , Quae meo cunque animo libitum est sucere . Per mihi , inquam , gratum seceris . Q. Quo●●unt Figurae Etymslogiae ? R. Sunt tres , 1. Enallage . 2. Hellenisinus : Et , 3. Archaismas . Q. Quid est Enallage in Etymologiâ ? R. Est quando vel ipsae pattes ●rar●onis vel earum accidentia , ita inter se permutantur , ut nihil in leges constructionis five Synta●eos peccetur ; ut , Sic vita erat , pro talis . Hostis habet muros , pro hostes habent Q. Quid est Hellen●sinus in Et●mologiâ ? R. Est cum dictiones Latinae Graecorum sequantur flexionem , non propriam ; ut , Nec aurâs nec sonitus memor , pro aurae , Virg. E● mullos illic Hectoras ess puto ; pro Hectores , Ovid. Q. Quid est Archaismus in Etymologiâ ? R. Est dictio pr●seis ●sitara , sed praesenti sae●ulo ol●sole●a ; ut , Magnai relpublicai gratiâ , pro magnae republicae . Q. Quot up●●ces sunt Figurae Syntaxeos ? R. Sunt du●●●ces , quae fiunt vel spectantur . 1. Ratione Convenientiae : Et , 2. ratione Regiminis . Q. Quomodo spectatur Figura Syntaxeos ratione Convenientiae ? R. Spectatur vel in partibus declinabilibus vel indeclinabili●●s . Q. Quen●●● Figurae 〈◊〉 vel spectantur ratione Con●●nientiae in partibus declinabilibus ? R. Syllepsis , Prolepsis , Ze●gm● , Synthesis . Q. Quid est Syllepsis seu Conceptio Laetine dicta ? R. Est cum Verbum aut Adjecti●um pluribus suppos●●is additum cum digniore convenit non cum vicini●●e ; 〈◊〉 ▪ Si ●● exercitusque valetis . Pater & Mater m●tu● . Q. Quotuplex est Conceptio seu Syllepsis ? R. Est duplex , directa quae fit per Conjunctionem Copulativam ; ut , Quid tu & soror facitis ; vel indirecta quae fit per praepositionem Copulativam ; ut , Ipse cum fratre adesse jussi sumus . Q. Quotuplex est directa Conceptio ? R. Est duplex , 1. Personarum ; ut , Neque ego neque tu fecimus , Ter. 2. Generum ; ut , Rex & Regina beati . Q. Quid est Prolepsis seu Praesumptio ? R. Est pronunciatio quaedam rerum summaria , vel est cum praecessit vox aliqua totum significans , quae in partibus max non explicatur , sed intelligitur : sive vel cum toti subj●ciuntur partes , numeris aut personis diversae ; ut , Duae volabant aquilae , una ab ortu , altera ab occasu , &c. Q. Quid est Zeugma ? R. Est unius Verbi vel Adjectivi vicinicri respondentis ad diversa supposita reductio ; ad utum expressè , ad alterum per supplementum , estque 1. Vel Generis ; ut , Vtinam aut hic surdus aut haec muta facta sit , Ter. Vel , 2. Numeri ; ut , Hic illius arma , hic curris fuit . Vel , 3. Personae , ut , ille timore , ego risu corrui . Q. Quid est Synthesis ? R. Est structura seu praetio sensu , non voce congruens ; ut , Pars in srustra secant . Gens armati . Estque triplex , 1. Generis tantùm ; ut , Centauro in●ebitur magnâ , se . Navi , Virg. Scelus postquam iudificatus est virginem pro scelestus , Ter. Samnitum caesi duo millia , Liv. 2. Numeri tantùm ; ut , Pars volucres factae , Ovid. Turba ruunt , Virg. 3. Generis & Numeri simul ; ut , Pars iersi tenuere rate● , Virg. Q. Quomodo & quibus Figuris figuratur Syntaxis ratione Convenientiae in partibus indeclimibilibus ? R. Figuratur vel additione ; ut , In Polysindeto , vel detractione ; ut , In A●●ndeto : vel trajectione ; ut , In Andstrophe & Synchysi sive Hyperbato . Q. Quid est Polysindeton ? R. Est Conjunctionum in oratione redundantia ; ut , Hunc & Tarentini & Rhegini & Neopolitani , civitate , praemiis ; donarunt . Q. Quid est Asyndeton ? R. Est Conjunctionis in oratione defectus ; ut , Aequi boni consulo . Debelitant vires balnea , Bacchus , amor . Velis nolis fiet , pro velis seu nolis fiet . Q. Quid est Anastrophe ? R. Est cum Praepositio suo casui postponitur ; ut , His accensa super , Virg. Q. Quid est Synchisis seu Hyperbaton ? R. Est confusus ordo dictionum , quae ita miscentur in oratione , ut tota oratio inde fiat obscura & confusa ; ut , Namque pilâ lippis inimicum & ludere crudis : sc . Ludere pilâ est inimicum lippis & crudis , Hor. Q. Quaenam sunt Syntaxeos Figurae quae in Regimine inveniuntu● ? R. Sunt , Qu● , 1. Vel in additione fiunt ; ut , Pleonasinus ▪ Vel , 2. detractione ; ut , Ellipsis . Vel , 3. immutatione ; ut , Enallage . Q. Quid est Pleonasmus ? R. Est cum una pluresve dictiones supra necessiatem in oratione redundant ; ut , Sic ore locuta est , Ter. Hisce o●ulis egomet vidi , Virg. Vocemque his auribus hausi , Idem . Q. Quid est Ellypsis quae dicitur Figura Syntaxeos in detractione ? R. Est dictionis ad legitimam Constructionem necessariae in sensu defectus ; ut , Aberat bidui , sc . vi● . Decies sestertium ( i. e. ) decies centena millia . Proh Deûm immortaliùm , sc . fidem : Non est oneri solvendo ( i. e. ) aptus . Ego continuò mecum , supple cogitabam . Omnes ad unum occidit pro usque ad unum . Tertio nonas , pro ante nonas . Invenitur haec figura in omnibus orationis partibus . Q. Quid est Enallage , quae est Figura Syntaxeos in immutatione ? R. Est quâ voces , dut earum accidentia contra usitatae Constructionis leges permutantur . Q. Quomodo vocis immutatio dicitur ? R. Dicitur Antimeria ; ut , Scire tuum , Pers . Sole retens orto , Virg. Q. Quomodo Accident is immutatio dici solet ? R. Heterosis aut Alloiosis , ac fit in omnibus partibus declinabilibus : In iis quae per casus variantur , fit , 1. In genere ; ut , Et mammae putres , aequina quales ubera , pro qualia , Hor. 2. Numero ; ut , Et flesti & nostros vidisti flentis ocellos , pro meos flentis . 3. Casu , quae species Aenallages vocatur propriè Antiptosis , quae est positio casùs pro casu ; ut , Adsis laetitiae Bacchus dator , pro Bacche . Haeret pede pes , dens usque viro vir , pro pedi , Virg. Occurrunt animae , quales neque candidiores terra tulit , pro qualibus , Hor. Hanc pius Aeneas eripuisse ferunt , pro pium Aeneam , Ovid. Vrbem quam statuo vestra est . Q. Quid est Synecdoche quae ad Hypallagen referri potest ? R. Est , cum Ablativus partis vel Adjuncti mutatur in Accusativum : Partis ; ut , Explerimentem nequit . Deiphobum vidi laceratum crudeliter ora : Adjuncti ; ut , Omnia mercurio similis vocemque coloremque . Flores inscripti nomina regum , Virg. Q : Quid est Hypallage quae est altera species Aenallages ? R. Est mutua Casuum permutatio ; ut , In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas ; pro in novas formas , Ovid. Dare classibus Austros , pro classes austris seu ventis . Q. Quid est Hendiadis ? R. Est cum unum p●r duo exprimitur ; ut , Pateris bibamus & auro , pro aureis pateris . Q. Quid est Hysteron Proteron sive Hysterologia ? R. Est , cum id quod secundo loco poni debet , ponitur priore ; ut , Moriamur , & in media arma ruamus ; pro in media arma ruamus & moriamur , Virg. Q. Quid est Hellenismus seu Graecismus in Syntaxi ? R. Est , cum à Latinâ consuetudine recedentes , imitamur Graecos ; ut , Desine mollium tandem querelarum , Hor. Os humerosque Deo similis , Virg. Abstinet irarum . Q. Quid est Archai●mus ? R. Est structurae ratio veteribus in usu , quae jam exolevit ; ut , Quid tibi hanc rem curatio est . Q. Quaenam dicuntur vitia vocis & orationis & quomodo distinguuntu● ? R. Dicuntur , Barbarismus & Solaecismus , & distinguuntur ut in ho● disticho . Barbarismus erit si vox corrumpitur una ; Esto Solaecismus vitiosa oratio quaevis . Est etiam sermo quem vocant , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sc . Inconsequens , cum sequentia prioribus non cohaerent . De Prosodiae Figuris in ipsa tractabimus Prosodiâ . Modus examinandi Lectionem . Q. PRopositâ voce quid faciendum est ? R. Dicendum est , quae & qualis sit pars orationis , an sit declinabilis vel indeclinabilis . Q. Si sit nomen vel Verbum , ( nam hae sunt principales partes orationis ) quid faciendum est ? R. Inflectendum est nomen per casus , & genera ; & Verbum per Tempora & Modos . Q. Si sit nomen quale nomen est ? R. Est Substantivum vel Adjectivum ; Proprium vel Apellativum , quod dicitur Commune . Q. Quid est Substantivum ? R. Est quod nihil addi postulat ad suam significationem exprimendam . Q. Quid est Substantivum Proprium . R. Est quod rem uni individuo propriam significat , & est triplex , Praenomen , Nomen , Cognomen . Q. Quid est Substantivum Communes seu Apellativum ? R. Est quòd rem multis communem significat . Q. Quot accidunt nomini ? R. Septem , declinatio , genus , numerus , casus ; comparatio quae propriè est Adjectivi : Species & Figura quae duo omnibus orationis partibus sunt communia . Q. Quale Nomen est quoad Speciem & Figuram ? R. Est Primitivum vel Derivativum , Simplex vel Compositum . Q. Cujus vel quotae declinationis ? R. Primae , secundae , &c. Q. Vnde dignoscitur declinatio ? R. Ex Genitivo Singulari . Q. Quomodo inflectis ? R. Inflecto sic , &c. Q. Ad quam regulam specialem pertinet ? R. Ad primam , secundam , tertiam , &c. Q. Quomodo s●is ? R. Quia non crescit , acutè crescit , vel gravitèr crescit in Genitivo . Q. Cujus Generis est ? R. ●st M. F. N. C. D. G. Q. Si sit Substantivum Proprium , Quale est Proprium ? R. Est Proprium Nomen . M. G. sc . Dei , Viri , Fluvii , Mensis , Venti : vel F. G. sc . Deae , Feminae , Vrbis , Regionis , Insulae . Q. Cujus Casûs , Numeri & Personae est haec dictio ? R. Nominativi , Gen. &c. Singularis vel Pl. Numeri , & primae , secundae , tertiae Personae . Q. Quare est talis Casûs ? R. Praecedit Verbum ( si sit Nom. ) sequitur Verbum ( si sit Acc. ) Vocativus est quoniam alloquitur . Regitur● Verbo , Adjectivo , &c. Est posterius duorum Substantivorum , diversae , ejusdem significationis . Significat laudem , vel vituperium rei . Significat instrumentum , causam , modum rei . Significat spatium l●ci : Ponitur absolutè in Ablativo . Significat speciem temporis . Est Nomen pretii . spatium Loci in quo .     ad quem .     à quo , per quem .     Per quam regulam ? Recita regulam . Q. Quale Adjectivum est hoc quoad significationem ? R. Est proprium , quod affectionem uni individuo peculiarem significat . Est Commune quod affectionem multis communem significat . Q. Quale Adjectivum est quoad inflexionem ? R. Est trium articulorum vel trium terminationum . Q. Cujus Casus , generis & numeri est ? R. Est , &c. Q. Quare ? R. Consentit cum Substantivo . Q. Cujus gradus Comparationis est ? R. Est Positivi , Comparativi , Superlativ● . Q. Quomodo comparatur ? R. Sic , durus , durior , durissimus . Q. Quotuplex est gradus Comparationis ? R. Est duplex , Regularis & Irregularis . Q. Quid est Pronomen ? R. Est pars orationis declinabilis vicem nominis supplens , quâ in demonstrandâ aut repetendâ re aliquâ utimur . Q. Quotuplex est Pronomen ? R. Est duplex Substantivum & Adjectivum . Q. Quaenam & quot sunt Pronomen Substantiva & Adjectiva ? R. Substantiva sunt quatuor , Ego , tu , sui & quid ; reliqua sunt Adjectiva . Q. Quot sunt species Pronominum ? R. Sunt tres , 1. Primitiva , quae & alio respectu demonstrativa vocantur . 2. Relativa , quae referuntur ad vocem antecedentem . 3. Derivativa quae Possessiva dicta sunt , excipe Nostras & Vestras , quae sunt Gentilia , & Cujas quod est nomen Gentile . Q. Quale pronomen est hoc in praelectione tuâ ? R. Est Primitivum , Derivativum , vel Relativum : concordat cum Antecedente , Genere , Numero , & Personâ . Q. Cujus generis sunt omnia pronomina ? R. Sunt omnis generis . Q. Quale genus Verbi est hoc ? R. Est Activum , Passivum , Neutrum , Deponens . Q. Quomodo inflectis ? R. Inflecto sic . Q. Cujus Modi est & Temporis ? R. Indicativi , Imperativi , Subjunctivi , Infinitivi ; Et Praesentis , Imperfecti , Perfecti , Plusquam perfecti , vel Futuri temporis . Q. Quare est Subjunctivi Modi ? R. Regitura Conjunctione : & cohaereret cum Nominativo , &c. Q. Quare est Infinitivi ? R. Posterius duorum Verborum ponitur in Infinitivo ; uti Posterius duorum Substantivorum in Genitivo . Q. Quaenam aliae responsiones aliquando redduntur ? R. Hae sc . Imperativus deest . Imperativus caret primâ personâ , quia non imperamus nobis metipsis . Caret praeterito . Caret supinis . Caetera desunt . Q. Vnde formatur ? Vnde derivatur ? Vnde componitur ? Quare mutatur Consonans vel Vocalis ? R. Euphoniae gratiâ . Q. Quae pars orationis est proxima sc ? R. Est Participium . Q. Quid est Participium ? R. Est pars orationis inflexa casu , quae à nomine genera , casus , & declinationem ; à Verbo tempus & significationem , & ab utroque Numerum & Figuram accipit . Q. Quot accidunt Participio ? R. Septem , Casus , genus , declinatio , tempus , significatio , Numerus Figura , & aliq . Comparatio . Q. Quot sunt species Participiorum ? R. Quatuor , 1. Participium praesentis quod exit in , ans , ens , & iens . 2. Futuri in rus , significationem habens Infinitivi Modi Activae vocis . 3. Praeteriti quod exit in , tus , sus , xus . 4. Futuri in , dus , semper significans passivè . Q. Quot sunt tempora Participiorum ? R. Tria , 1 Praesens , quod formatur à Praeterito , Imperfecto , ultimâ syllibâ mutatâ in ns . 2. Praeteritum quod formatur à posteriore supino addito S. 3. Futurum , quod duplex est , 1. In , rus , & formatur à posteriore supino . 2. In , dus , quod à participio praesenti formatur , inserto du , ante●s final●m ; ut , amans , amandus . Q. Quot Participia veniunt ab Activis & Neutris . R. Duo , Praesens & Futurum in rus . Q. Quot participia veniunt à Verbis Passivis ? R. Duo , Praeteritum & Futurum in dus . Q. Quot participia veniunt à Verbis Deponentibus ? R. Tria , Praesens , Praeteritum , Futurum in rus , & multis accedit quartum sc . Futurum in dus . Q. Quid sunt participia omnia ? R. Sunt Adjectiva : ac quaedam , eorum instar comparantur ; ut , exspectatior , exspecta●issimus : optatior , optatissimus , &c. Q. Qualis est haec dictio sc ? R. Est prius vel posterius Supinum . Q. Quid est haec particula sc ? R. Est Adverbium quod est pars orationis indeclinabilis , adjecta Nomini vel Verbo ad explicandam ejus significationem . Q. Quale Adverbium est ? R. Est Adverbium , Temporis , Loci , Quantitatis , Qualitatis , Numeri , Negandi , Affirmandi , Demonstrandi , Ordinis , &c. Q. Quot sunt accidentia Adverbio ? R. Quatuor , significatio , Comparatio , species & Figura ? Q. Quae particula est haec ? R. Est Conjunctio , quae est pars orationis invariabilis dictiones & sententias conjungens . Copulat similes Ca●us , Modos , Tempora . Accidunt ei Figura , Potestas , & Ordo . Q. Quae particula est haec quoque ? R. Est Praepositio , quae est pars orationis indeclinabilis aliis partibus , vel in compositione vel appositione praeposita . Ex quo fit , ut praepositiones sunt vel seperabiles vel inseperabiles . Q. Qualis est haec Praepositio ? R. Est seperabilis Praepositio . Q. Quibus casibus inserviunt Praepositiones ? R. Quaedam Accusativo , quaedam Ablativo , & quaedam utrique casui inserviunt . Q. Quid sunt Inseperabiles Praep●sitiones ? R. Sunt quae extra Compositionem , non sunt in 〈◊〉 . Q. Quae est haec particula ? R. Est Interjectio , quae est pars orationis indeclinabili● , per se sententiam perficiens , serviens vel Nom. Dat. Acc. aut Vocativo . Q. Quaenam aliae responsiones aliq . reddi solent inter examinandum . R. Variae ; ut , Est Figurata Syntaxis vel Constructio . Est Graecismus . Est Archaismus . Est Error Typographi . PROSODIA Examin'd and Explain'd by QUESTION and ANSWER . Q. WHat is Prosodia ? A. Prosodia is that part of Grammar which teacheth the true Pronunciation , Quantity , or Accent , of words . Q. How is Prosodia divided ? A. 1. Into Tone or Tune . 2. Breathing ( in Pronunciation . ) 3. Time ( for the Pronunciation of a long or short syllable . ) Q. What is an Accent properly ? A. It is a way , law , mark , or manner of pronouncing , whereby a syllable is either lifted up , or pressed down . Q. How many fold is a Tone or an Accent ? A. It is three-fold ; 1. Acute , which acutes a syllable and lifts it up , and the Acute Accent is mark'd with a little oblique , or overthwart stroke , or a little line ascending towards the right-hand thus ' ; as , in Dómus . 2. Grave Accent , which makes grave , and presseth down a syllable , and is mark'd with an overthwart or little oblique line , descending towards the right-hand thus ▪ ; as , in Doctè . 3. A Circumflex Accent , which utters a syllable with a somewhat longer note than a Grave Accent ; it is made of both the Acute and Grave after this fashion ▪ ; as , in Amâre . Q. What is an Apostrophus , which may be added to the Accents ? A. It is a Comma , or a certain part of a Circle p●t to the top of a Letter , which shews , that the last Vowel of a word is wanting ; as , Tanton ' , for Tantone ; lov'd , for loved . Q. How many Breathings or Spirits are there ? A. Two ; the rough or harsh Breathing , called Asper Spiritus , when a word begins with H , and the mild or smooth Breathing , called Lenis Spiritus , when a word begins with a Vowel without H. Q. What Rules am I principally to observe concerning the Accents ? A. 1. That Monosyllables being either of a short or long ending by position are acuted ; as , Mél , fél , párs , páx ; or being by nature long are circumflected ; as , Môs , spès . 2. Dissyllables having the former long by nature and the last short are circumflected ; as , Mûsa ; but when the last is made long , the Penultima is acuted ; as , Músae : in all others there is an Acute ; as , Citus , látus , solers , sátur , &c. 3. Polysyllables having their Penultima long by position are acuted ; as , Camillus : but having it long by nature and the last short , they are circumflected ; as , Românus , amâre : except the Compounds of fit , whose Vltima is acuted ; as , Malefit , calefit , benefit , satisfit . The Penultima being short , the Ante penultima is acuted ; as , Dóminus , dicere : except the Compounds of Facio ; as , Benefácis , malefácis , calefácis , frigefácit . The Vltima being long , the Penultima is acuted ; as , Sacérdos , amplecti : all others are grave . Q. But may there not be same Exceptions made on these Rules of the Accents ? A. Yes ; For , 1. there are some for difference sake , that transpose the Accent ; as , the Adverb ●Iná , acutes the last , lest it might be taken for a Noun . So in eó , alió , aliquó , putá for sicut , poné for post . Ergó the Conjunction , and Ergô pro causâ , &c. 2. Encliticks transfer their Accent unto the precedent syllable ; as , lumináque . So do the Parelca , dum , si , nam . But where there is a manifest composition the Accent is not varied ; as , Dénique , útique , itaque , úndique , húccine , quisque ; for in these the que is not an Enclitick : but ubique and ubivis keep the accent . 3. Some are circumflected in the Vltima for difference sake ; as , Ablatives , Poetâ , gloriâ , with these , nostrâs , vestrâs , cujâs , Arpinâs , Ravennâs , &c. Some in the Penultima ; as , in such syncopated words , Amâsse , decrêsse , Deûm pro deorum . Q. What is Time or Quantity , being the third part of Prosodiâ ? A. It is the measure , which is as it were the while we take in pronouncing a syllable , for a short syllable is pronounced quietly , and is but of one time , and it is marked thus ● : and a long syllable is pronounced more leisurely , and is of two times , that is , it takes twice as much to be pronounced as the short syllable doth , and it is marked thus . Q. Of what do Feet consist ? A. Of syllables disposed or placed in a just or right order . Q. What is a Foot ? A. It is the setting or placing together of two syllables or more , according to the certain observation of the times , or measures of the syllables . Q. How many sorts of Feet are there ? A. Two sorts , Feet of two and Feet of three syllables ; there are also Feet of four syllables , which may be omitted as needless . Q. Which are the Feet of two syllables ? A. They are , 1. A Spondee , which consists of two long syllables . 2. Pyrrichius , which consists of two short ones . 3. A Trochce , which consists of the first long , and the last short : And , lastly , an lambus , which consists of the first short and the second long . Q. Which are the Feet of three syllables ? A. They are a Tribrachus , which consists of three short syllables . 2. A Dactile , which consists of the first long and the two last short . 3. An Anapest , which consists of the first short and the last long . The rest may be omitted . Q. Of what doth a Verse consist , or what is it made up of . A. Of Feet trimm'd or well compos'd in a just and lawful number and order . Q. What is a Verse ? A. It is a Speech bound to a just and lawful number of Feet . Q. What must he first learn that is to make a Verse ? A. He must learn to measure it rightly by Feet , called Scanning . Q. What is Scanning ? A. It is the lawful measuring of a Verse into several Feet . Q. How many are the Figures of Prosodia or Meter that belong to Scanning . A. They are , Synalaepha , Eclipsis , Synaeresis , Diaeresis , Caesura , Systole , Diastole . Q. What is Synalaepha ? A. It is a certain striking out of a Vowel or Dipthong in the end of a word , when the next word begins with a Vowel or Dipthong : but heu , and o , ah , in , proh , vah , hei , are never cut off or taken away ; as , Et bis io , Arethusa , io Arethusa vocabit , Ovid. But sometimes the Synalaepha is neglected ; as , Et succus pecori & lac subducitur agnis , Virg. Post habita coluisse samo , Hic illius arma . But when Vowels and Dipthongs are not taken away , they are common ; as , first , short , Victor apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto . Insulae Ionio in magno quas dira Caelaeno . Long ; as , Lament is gemituque & foemineo ululatu . Ante tibi Eoae Atlantides absconduntur . Long and short in this Verse : Ter sunt conati imponere Pelio ossam . Q. What is Eclipsis ? A. It is a Figure when m in the end of a word with the Vowel going before it is cut off , by reason of the Vowel following ; formerly also s was cut off ; as , A●boribus veteres decidere falcibu ' 〈◊〉 . Q. What is Synaeresis , called also Synecphonesis and Syn●zesis ? A. It is the contraction or drawing together of two syllables into one ; as , Seu lento fuerint alvaria vimina te●ta . This Figure happens often in the Genitive Cases of Nouns in Eus ; as , Thesei , Achillei , Vlyssei , for Thesei , Ach●llei , Vlyss●i . And when the Vowels i● and u are chan●ed into j and v Consonants ; as , parjete and tenvis , for pariete and tenuis . So likewise in all these words that belong rather to Synaeresis than to a Syna●aepha ; as , Dii , Diis , iidem , iisdem , deinde , deinceps , proinde , deell , deero , decrit , antea●●bulo , anteit , antehac , &c. Q. What is the Figure Diae●esis or Dialysis ? A. It is when two syllables are made of one , cut nsunder or parted ; as , Stamina non ulli dissoluenda Deo , Tioull . Q. What is Caesura ? A. It is when a short syllable in the end of a word and in the beginning of the foot is made long . Q. What is Sy●tole ? A. It is the ma●ing short of a long syllable ; as , Matri longa dec●m tulērunt sastidia Menses . Obstupui steterunque c●mae , &c. Q. What is Diastole or Ectasis ? A. It is the making long of a syllable short by nature ; as , Atque hic Priamidem laniatum corpore toto , Virg. Exercet Diana choros . Q. Which are the kinds of Diastole in Caesura ? A. They are , 1. Triemimeris , which after one foot doth make a short syllable long ; as , Pectoribus inhians , &c. 2. Penthemimeris , which after two feet makes a short syllable long ; as , Omnia vincit amor , &c. 3. H●p●hemimeris , which after three feet makes a short syllable long ; as , Ostentans artem pariter arcumque &c. 4. An Enemimeris , which after four feet makes a short syllable long ; as , Ille latus niveum molli fultus hyacintho . A Diastole happens often in a Penthemimer , and Hepthemīmer seldom in the rest . Q. What is the difference between Carmen and Versus ? A. Carmen implies the whole , whither an Epigram , an Eclogue , Satyr , or Ode , &c. and Charisius interprets it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Versus signifies but one ; as , Versibus ex multis carmen componitur unum . But Carmen , or a Poem , may be finished in one Verse ; as , Mart. in two places ; Omnia Cast●r e●●is , sic siet , ut emnia vendas . Pauper videri 〈…〉 , & est pauper . Q. Which are the most usual sort of Verses ? A. They are , 1. An Hexameter , or Heroick , wherein the deeds done by Noble-men , or Heroes , are let down with praise ; and it consists of two sorts of feet , ( i. e. ) Dactiles and Spondees , and of six of these feet in number , of which the fifth place must be a Dactile , and the sixth a Spendee . Q. What is the next more usual sort of Verse ? A. It is a Pentameter or El●giack , wherein lamentable Matters were at first used to be set forth , and it consists of five f●et , being Dactiles and Spondees , of four whole ones , and two long syllables in the third and sixth place , which make up the fifth foot , but the fourth and fifth places must always be two Dactiles . Q. Which is the third usual so●● of Verse ? A. It is an 〈◊〉 , of which 〈◊〉 was the first Author , and this consists of a Dactile , Spondee , and a long syllable and two Dactiles at last . Q. Which is the fourth usual sort of Verse ? A. It is a Saphick , which consists of a Trochee , a Spondee , a Dactile , and at list of two Trochees , to which an Adonick , consisting of a 〈◊〉 and Spondee , is added after three Verses . Q. Which is the fifth usual sort of Verse ? A. It is a 〈◊〉 , whereof 〈◊〉 w●s the first Author , or a Verse of eleven syllables , c●●sisting of a Spondee , Dactile , and of three Trochees . Q. Which is the sixth sort of Verse ? A. It is an Iambick , consisting of six Iambicks alone . Q. Are these all the more usual sort of Verse ? A. Some add a Glyconick , which consists of a Spondee , and two Dactiles ; as , Sic te Diva potens Cypri . And some an A●chilochius Versus , which consists of two Dactiles and a Syllable ; but this and an Adonick are invented for the sake of Tyrocinians , that , being exercised in them , they may proceed to Elegiacks . Q. How is the quantity of syllables known , and by how many manner of ways ? A. The quantity of syllables is known two ways , ( i. e. ) first , by Rules , secondly , by Authority or Examples . Q. How many fold are the Rules ? A. They are two-fold , 1. General , which may be observed in every syllable . 2. Special , of , or concerning the last syllables . Q. Which and how many are the General Rules ? A. They are these : 1. A Vowel before two Consonants , or a double Consonant in the same word , and before one Consonant in the end of one word , and before another in the beginning of another , is every-where long by position . Q. What do you mean by double Consonants , and how many are there of them ? A. I mean by a double Consonant , that which stands for two Let●ers or Consonants ; as , X , and Z , the first standing for , Cs , or , Gs ; as , in Dux , Ducs , Rex , Regs ; the second , sc . Z , standing for Ds ; as , Zephyrus , D●ephyrus : Some also reckon J between two Vowels a double Consonant , as in Major and Pejor , &c. except in the Compounds of Jugum ; as , Bijuges , Quad●ijuges , Mul●ijuges , which are short . Q. Is a Vowel before two Consonants in the same word always long ? A. No ; for if a Mute , and the Liquids L or R , are put in the same syllable after a short Vowel , that Vowel in a Verse becomes common ; as , in Patris , Volucris , Locuples , Tenebrae , reflo , repleo , poples , &c. But the Vowel being long , it is not chang'd ; as , aratrum , simulacrum . Q. What if the former word end in a short Vowel , the word following beginning with two Consonants ? A. It is sometimes , tho' seldom , made long ; as , Occult● spolia & plures de pa●e triumphos . Quid gladium demens ●omana stringis in ora ? Mart. Q. What is the third general Rule for knowing the first syllables ? A. A Vowel before another in divers syllables of the same word , is every-where made short amongst the Latins ; as , Deus , meus , &c. but among the Greeks it is ever now and then made long . Q. What other Exceptions have you , besides this Greek one ? A. The Genitive Cases in ius of the second declension of the Pronouns ; as , Vnius , illius , &c. where the Letter i is found common ; but in alterius it is always short , and in alius always long . Q. What other Exceptions have you of a Vowel , not being short , before another in the same word ? A. The Genitive and Dative Cases of the fifth declension , where e between the double i is made long ; as , faciēi ; otherwise not ; as , rēi , spēi , fidēi ; except also fi in fio , which is long ; as , Omnia jam fient , fieri quae posse negabam ; but if e and r follow together , fi is short ; as , fierem , fieri : Di in Diana is doubtful , but the syllable contracted of two is made long ; as , exit for exiit , petit for petiit ; so obit , abit , of obiit and abiit . Q. What is the fourth general Rule ? A. Every Dipthong among the Latins is long ; as , aurum , neuter , musae , but prae in composition , when a Vowel follows , is often made short ; as , sudibusque praeustis̄ . Q. Which is the fifth general Rule ? A. Derivatives , or words derived of others , are allotted or have the same quantity with their Primitives ; as , a in amator , amicus , amabilis , is short , because a in amo is short . Q. Are there no Exceptions on this Rule ? A. Yes ; for some few words , being derived of short ones , are made long ; as , vox vōcis of voco ; lex lēgis of lēgo , &c. and there are some , on the contrary , which being derived of long words are made short ; as , Dux dŭcis of dūco , dicax of dico , fides of fīo , &c. Q. Which is the sixth general Rule ? A. The quantity of compound words is known by the simple , and likewise the quantity of simple words by the compounds ; as , Sōl●r , consōlor , lēgo , perlēgo , &c. except Innŭba , pronūba , of nūbo , and degēro , pejēro , of jūro ; persidus , persidia , of sīdus ; semisopit●s of sōpio , and vidēsis of vidē , siquidem of sī . Ambītus the Participle , makes the last save one long ; the Noun makes it short . Idem of the Masculine Gender is long , of the Neuter Gender short . These Compounds are also long , tho' their Simples are common , ubīque , ubīlibet , ibīdem , quandōque , quandōcunque , except quandoquidem . Q. Which is the seventh general Rule ? A. A Preposition in composition retains its quantity , unless a Vowel following , or position hinder . A , de , prae , se è , are long Prepositions , and di , unless in dirimo and disertus , and also the Latin pro ; unless in these , procella , prosugus , protervus , &c. and pro in procurro , prosundo , &c. but in the Greek pro , it is always short . Re in r●sert , for interest , from the Ablative re , of res , is long ; but re , in resert , from the Preposition , is short . The rest of the Prepositions , besides d , de , prae , se , è , di , and pro , are short , if position doth not hinder . Q. Which is the eighth general Rule ? A. Every Preterperfect Tense of two syllables makes the first syllable long ; as , lēgi , ēmi ; except in fidi of findo , bibi , dedi , seidi , steti , tūli , and every Supine of two syllables is long ; as , mōtum , lātum , lōtum , crētum ; except these , quitum , situm , litum , itum , rŭtum , rătum , dătum , sătum , & citum of cieo , es : but cītum of cio , of the fourth Conjugation , hath the first long . Q. But what say you of Verbs doubling the Preterperfect Tense ? A. They have the first syllable short ; as , pependi , tetendi . Preterperfect Tenses and Supines of many syllables , have the same quantity in the first syllable , as they had in the first of the Present Tense ; as , vocavi , vocatum , of voco ; clāmavi , clāmatum , of clamo : except posui , of pōno ; solutum , of sōlvo . Q. Which is the last general Rule of knowing the first syllables ? A. It is the Authority and Examples of Poets , which we are to bring when the quantity of words do not sall under none of these foregoing Rules . Q. How may one know the quantity of the middle syllables , and what syllables are reckoned to be the middle syllables ? A. Every syllable , besides the first and last , is a middle syllable ; as , in Fortitudine , For is the first syllable , and ne the last : the rest are middle syllables . The middle syllables are known partly the same way as the first , and partly by the Analogy of the Declensions and Conjugations ; to wit , a , o , and e , in the last syllable save one of the Genitive Case Plural , are made long ; as , musārum , dominōrum , diērum . Likewise the last syllable sa●e one in words of many syllables , increasing long , is made long ; and in words increasing short , is made short , according to the second and third special Rule . So a and o , in the last syllables save one , in Dative and Ablative Cases Plural , are long , i and u short in them ; as , duābus , dūobus , dapibus , arcŭbus . So also a , the sign of the first ; e , the sign of the second ; and i , of the fourth Conjugation ; are made long ; e , of the third , short . Q. Are there no Exceptions , but that a , of the first Conjugation must be long ? A. Yes ; for do , and its Compounds , being of the first Conjugation , doth make a short ; as , dămus , circumdămus , dăbis , &c. And rimus and ritis in the Preterperfect Tense of the Subjunctive Mood , are every-where short , but in the Future Tense they are long in Prose , in Verse common . Q. What say you of a and e , before the Tenses in bam and bo ? A. They are made long ; but e , before ram , rim , ro , is short ; as , legeram , legerim , legero ; e , in the third Person Plural of the Preterperfect Tense of the Indicative , in every Conjugation , is long ; as , legērunt vel legēre , &c. Q. What say you of the Preterperfect Tenses in vi and si ? A. They produce the last syllable save one ; as , amāvi , quiēvi , quae●īvi , divīsi , audīvi . Q. What say you of the last syllable save one of Adjectives in inus ? A. They make it long ; as , Clandestīnus , matutīnus , vespertīnus , &c. except diutinus , cras●●̄nus , pristinus , &c. Q. What say you of the Penultima of Adjectives in anus , arus , orus , osus , and of Adverbs in atim and itim ? A. They are all long ; as , M●ntānus , avārus , canōrus , ●di●sus ●sti●tim , virītim : except affatim , perp●tim , and stàtim , which are short . Q. Which are the special Rules of the last syllables ? A. The first is of words that end in a , which are long ; as , amā , contr● , ergā ; except quiă , ită , eiă , posteă , and the Adverb pută for videlice● ; but not putā from puto , putas . But Nominative , Accusative , and Vocative Cases in a , are short , except Vocatives from Greek Nominatives in as , which are long ; as , Aenea : but Vocatives in a , from Nominatives in es , are short ; as , Thyestă , Orestă . Q. But of what quantity are Ablatives in a , and Numerals of Nouns of Number in ginta ? A. The Ablatives in a , are long ; as , Musā : but the Nouns of Number in ginta , are common , and for the most part long . Q. What quantity are words that end in b , d , t ? A. They are short ; as , ab , ad , caput ; but words in d ; as , David , Bagud , and in like words of strange Languages are rather produced . Q. What quantity are words ending in c ? A. They are long ; as , ac , sic , and the Adverb hic : but three in c are always made short ; to wit , lac , nec , donec ; two are common , sac , and the Pronoun hic , and the Neuter h●c , if it be not the Ablative Case . Q. What quantity are words ending in e ? A. They are short ; as , Mare , pen● , legē , scribē , except all words of the fifth Declension in e , together with Adverbs derived thereof ; and also the second Persons Singular of the Imperative Mood Active of the second Conjugation ; likewise words of one syllable in e , are made long ; except que , ve , with these syllabical additions , ce , ●e , pt● , and ne , the Interrogative : but ne , the Adverb , is long . Adverbs also in e , derived of Adjectives of three Terminations , are long , except benē and male ; but Adverbs derived of Adjectives of three Articles are short ; as , facilē , dulcē , suavĕ . Lastly , Words that are writ in Greek with the long e , called Eta , are long in every Case , Gender , and Number ; and e in Fame , being of old a word of the fifth Declension , is long ; as also e in fermè , serè , and ohe . Q. Of what quantity are words that end in i ? A. They are long , except the last i in mihi , tibi , sibi , ubi , ibi , with their Compounds ; as , sicubi , a ibi , veluti , which are common ; i in ibīdem and ubīque , are always long ; in utique short ; in ubicunque doubtful : but nisi and quasi are short , and all the Dative and Vocative Cases of the Greeks , whose Genitive Case Singular ends in os ; as , Phillis , Phillidos , Phillidi ; Pallas , Pallados , Palladi , &c. Q. What quantity are words that end in l ? A. They are short , except nil contracted of Nihil , and Sol , and certain Hebrew words in l ; as , Michael , &c. Q. What quantity are words that end in n ? A. They are long ; as , Paean , &c. except forsăn , sorsităn , ăn , tamèn , attamēn , ve●untamèn ; except also in , with its Compounds ; as , exi● , subin , dein , pro●n ; and these words which are cut off by the Figure Apocope ; as , men , vidin ' , nostn ' , audin , nemon ' . Also words in n , that increase short in the G●nitive Case ; as , Carmen , and Greek words in on , by the little o , and some that end in in ; as Alexin , and in yn , by y ; as , I●yn . And , lastly , Words that end in an , of Nominatives in a ; as , Iphyge●ia , Iphygenian , &c. but words that end in an , of Nominatives in as , are made long ; as , Aeneas , Aenean , &c. Q. What quantity are words that end in o ? A. They are common ; as , amo , virgo , &c. except Oblique Cases , ( i. e. ) Datives and Ablatives in o , which are always long ; as , ●●ic Domino , ab hoc templo , &c. also Adverbs derived of Adjectives are long ; as , tanto , quanto ▪ &c. besides sedulo , mutuo , crebro , sero , which are common . M●d● , dummodo , postmodo , and quomodo , are always short . Cito , illico , ambo , duo , ego , nomo , scio , nescio , cedo for dic , are scarce read long : Words of one syllable in o , are long ; as , do , sto , ergo , for the cause , and words writ by the Greek Omega ; as , Sapph● , &c. Q. What quantity are words that end in r ? A. They are short ; as , Caesar , torcular , per , vir , &c. but cor is read long in Ovid. Far , lar , nar , ver , sur , cur , and also par with his Compounds are long ; as , Compar , impar , dispar , and words that end in Greek in er , with eta ; as , Aēr , cratēr , charactēr , &c. are long ; except Pater and Mater , whose last syllable the Latins make short . Q. How know you the quantity of words that end in s ? A. Words that end in s , have as many Terminations as there are Vowels , to wit , as , es , is , os , us , and ys . Q. What quantity are words that end in as ? A. They are long ; as , amas , musas , majesta● , bonitas , foras , &c. except Greek Nominatives whose Genitives ends in adis vel ados ; as , Ilias , Pallas , Ar●as , to which add Anas ; and except also Accusatives Plural of Greek Nouns of the third Declension increasing ; as , Crateras , Heroas , Phyllidas , Cyclopas , Troas , all which are short . Q. What quantity are words that end in es ? A. Long ; as , Anchises , sedes , doces , patres ; except Nouns in es of the third Declension increasing short ; as , Milēs , segēs , divēs ; but aries , abies , paries , ceres , and pes , with its Compounds ; as , Bipes , tripes , quadrupes , are long . Es of the Verb sum , with its Compounds ; as , potes , ades , prodes , obes , to which joyn penes , and Greek Neuters Singular in es ; as , Hippomanes , Cacoethes , and also Greek Nominatives Plural , whose Nominatives Singular increaseth in the Obliques , sc . in the Gen. and Dat. as , Arcades , Clyclopes , Na●ades , Troades , Thraces , are short . Q. What quantity are words that end in is ? A. They are short ; as , Paris , panis , tristis , hilaris : except Dat. and Abl. Plu. which are long ; as , musis , mensis , dominis , templis ; as also quis for quibus , with words in is , that make long the last syllable save one of the Genitive Case increasing ; as , sa●●is , salamis , and also Greek and Latin words that end in the Dipthong eis ; as , Sim●eis , Pyroeis , Parteis , Omneis , with all words of one syllable ; as , Vis , lis , except the Nominatives Is and Quis , and Bis in Ovid. Lastly , The second Person Singular of the Present Tense of the Indicative Mood in the fourth Conjugation ; as , audis , dormis ; also sis and velis , with the Compounds of both ; as , praesis , malis , 〈◊〉 , are long . Futures of the Subjunctive Mood in ris are common , tho' the Grammar saith they are long . Q. What quantity are words that end in os ? A. They are long ; as , h●●os , nepos , dominos , servos , except compos , impos , and os ●ssis , and Greek words by the little o ; as , Delos , Chaos , ●allados , Phyllidos , which are short . Q. What quantity are words that end in us ? A. They are short ; as , Famulus , regius , tempus , amamus ; except words that end in us , making long the last syllable save one of the Genitive Case ; as , salus , tellus ; also all Nouns of the fourth Declension are long , except the Nominative and Vocative Cases Singular and Dative and Ablative Case Plural of that D●clension ; likewise words of one syllable in us are long : and lastly , Greek words by the Dipthong ous , are long ; as , Amanthus , Supphus , Clius , Panthus , except the Compounds of p●us ; as , Oed pus , P●lypus , which are short ; but Melampus and Tripus are long , as also us in Jesus . Q. What quantity are words that end in u ? A. They are all long ; as , Ma●u , genu , amatu , diu . Q. What qu●ntity are words that end in ys and y ? A. They are short ; as , Chelys , Tiphys , Capys , Libys , T●phy , M●ly . Instructions to Tyrocinians for the Composing of a Theme . THemes , or the Wise Savings of Learned Men , which are used to be given to School boys , for the exercising of their Faculties , are two fold : 1. Chreiae , wherein the bare knowledge of a thing , without either injunction or perswasion to it , ( yet useful ) is proposed ; as , Death is common to all . Life is short , but A●t long , if we make use of our Time. 2. Gnomae , wherein are enjoyned things either to be performed , or omitted and avoided ; as , Do all thi●gs with deliberation . Go not too far in any thing ; or too much of one thing is good for nothing . Meddle not with Edge-tools . Halt before a Cripple . Cut your Cloak according to your Cloth , &c. In these two parts , ( to wit ) Chreiae and Gnomae , four things especially are to be observed : 1. The Propositio , which plainly contains in clear words the sum of that we are about to speak of . 2. The Ratio , or state of the matter in hand , whereby we prove the Proposition to be true by some Argument . 3. The Confirmatio , whereby we further back that Reason with sufficient Arguments . In these two parts , we use these or the like Forms of Speech : Nam , Enim , Erenim , Quippe , Nimirum , quid enim ? &c. In the Consirmatio we make use of Similies , Examples , and Testimonies . 4. The Epil●gus or Conclusion , that consists of two parts : 1. An Anacephalaeosis , or brief Repetition of what was spo●en . 2. A pathetick Conclusion , urging the Truth and Necessity of what we affirmed , with the praise of the Author of the Saying . The Forms of Speech used in the conclusion are , 〈…〉 , Quare , Quamobrem , Quae cum ita sint , &c. To these four parts some add an Exordium , or Preface , before the Preposition ; also a Confutation , or Answering of Objections after the Confirmation and Amplification before the Conclusion : But a due observation of the pre-mentioned will prove a Task hard enough to a School-boy , the rest are needless Niceties . For the Composing of Verses . IN the Composing of Verses , we are first to observe , that every kind of Verse will run better and more smooth , if the Feet ( of which a Verse consists ) be link'd together , as in this of Virgil : Infandum regina jubes renovare dolorem . But the Verse which altogether wants a Caesura , at least after the second or third Foot , ( especially an Iambick Senarius , Asclepiadick , Saphick , and an Heroick , ) yields a very unpleasant harmony ; as , Aurea carmina , Juli scribi maxime vatum . But two Monosyllables coming together , may be accounted as a Dissyllable ; as , Qui scit quam quis amet qui per convivia currit . Yet the last of the Monosyllables , or a word of two short syllables , must be reckon'd as part of the Polysyllables ; as , Vinea quod primis fioret cum cana rocemis . Cursorem sext● tibi Rufe remisimus horâ . An Hexameter runs more pleasant , and carries a better sound with it , which begins with a Penthimimer , and ends in a word of two or three syllables ; as , In nova fert animus mutatas dicere formas . Omnia vincit amor , & nos cedamus amori . But let there be as few breaches and cuttings off by the Figures , Synelepha and Eclipsis , as possible you can . A Pentamete● should end with a word of two syllables , and that either with a Verb , as a Key shutting or concluding the Sentence , or with an Adjective ; neither is any Adjective to be placed here , unless meo , tuo , suo , but by no means an impertinent Epithet . We must also have a care that a Penthimimer ends a word ; for , if otherwise , it will be a great fault , tho' we have in Catellus some of this sort ; as , Nec speraret linguam esse nec auriculam . An Adonick runs smoother , and carries a greater grace with it , which consists of two words , of which if the one be a Substantive , whose Adjective is expressed in the precedent Verse , it seems the better , because the whole series , as it were one body , is annex'd . Also , a single monosyllable is seldom used in the end of an Adonick , unless que , ne , ve , the enclitical Conjunctions , besides one or two Examples in Horace ; sometimes the first syllable in an Adonick is cut off with the end of the preceding Verse , sometimes it belongs to it without a Synalepha ; as Hor. Labitur ripà jove non probante uxorius amnis . Grospe non gemmis neque purpura venale nec auro . But the●e are not to be imitated , polysyllables are commendable in the end of a Phaleusick ; as Horace , Vitam quae faciunt beatiorem . Versus ●●enini are to be avoided , viz. those that have the same sound repeated in the middle and in the end , which the best Poets are branded with ; as Virgil , Trajicit , i , verbis virtutem illude super●is . Si ●rojae fatis aliquid restare putatis , Lastly , Words that are too long or too short , too often , unp●easant , or harsh Synalepha's , are not to be made use of ; as in these , C●●turbabantur , Constantinopolitani ; Tu in me ita es , h●m ! in te ut ego sum , ac tu ●e ●bi ama , ut te eg● 〈◊〉 hic jam . A Brief Advice touching Epistles , Orations and Declamations . Of Epistles . AN Epistle is a Writing wherein we talk with an a●●ent Friend as tho pr●s●nt . All Epistles consist of th●se ●●ur Accidents or Parts : 1. Compellation . 2. A Sub●●●iption . 3. A Date . 4. A Supers●●ipt●●n . All Epistles ought to be written in ● Plain , Brief and Pithy Stile , without A●ectation , or Per●phra●s ; and Tautologies a o●ded , by varying the Phrase when the same Expression is to be used . Epist●●s are either , 1. Demonstrative , consisting of the pra●●e or di●praise of a thing . 2. Deliberative , which ●end to pers●●ade or disswade . 3. Judicial , in which we accuse or def●nd . Demonstrative Epistles are either , 1. Narratary , consisting of Relations . 2. Congratul●tory , expressing our joy for the good befallen our Friends . 3. Lamentory , expressing our grief for our own or Friends Calamity . 4. Eucha●istical , praising the Courtesie received . 5. Officious , when we offer our service to our Friend in any business unrequested . 6. Disputatory , propounding the Question , Occas●on , Opinion or Judgment of o●hers or our own . 7. Deprecatory , when we confess our Faults . Deliberative Epistles are , 1. Swasory , or Hortatory , when we perswade , or earnestly ●xhort our Friend . 2. Cons●latory and Monit●●y , which consist of Comfort and Advice to our Friend . 3. Commendatory , containing the Recommendation of some Friend and his Worth. And , 4. 〈◊〉 , when we inf●●uate our selves into one's favour , t●ll●ng our request . Judicial Epistles are , 1. 〈◊〉 , or Objurga●ory , consisting of Repr●hensions . 2. 〈◊〉 , when we apologize for a ●rime imputed . 3. 〈◊〉 , when we upbra●d the ingrat●●ue of a Friend . Of Orations . An Oration is a Discourse wherein we praise or dispraise , perswade or disswa●● , prove or disprove . Orations ( like Epistles ) are ei●●er D●monstrative , D●l●berative , or Judicial ; for which let the Philologer consult Demosthenes , Ta●ly , or Liv●'s Orations . Of Declamations . There be four kind of Declamations : 1. 〈◊〉 , when we enquire , whether or by whom a Fact was committed ; as , An Clodius occide●i● 〈◊〉 ? 2. Finitive . when we enquire whether the Cr●me imputed be such , as , if a Pers●●n be slain , whether the Fact be Murth●r , Manslaughter , Chance medley , or Se defenden●o . 3. Qualitative , when we enquire concerning the quality of an Action , whether profitable or unprofitable , just or unjust . This is either , 1. Negotial , wherein we deliberate concerning Matters publick or private . 2. Judicial , wherein we , plead the lawfulness o● justice of a past Action . 3. Legal , wherein the state or case especially consists in the meaning of a Law. 4. Quantitative , wherein we enquire of the hainousness of an offence ; 〈◊〉 ▪ wh●ther of the two Crimes be the great●r . Those that will dive farther into this sort of Exercise , let them read Quinti●ian's Decla●●tions , and Seneca's Controversies . FINIS . 
A43142	----	The canting academy, or, The devils cabinet opened wherein is shewn the mysterious and villanous practices of that wicked crew, commonly known by the names of hectors, trapanners, gilts, &c. : to which is added a compleat canting-dictionary, both of old words, and such as are now most in use : with several new catches and songs, compos'd by the choisest wits of the age ... Head, Richard, 1637?-1686? 1673 Approx. 330 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 109 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2009-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A43142 Wing H1243 ESTC R9723 12253465 ocm 12253465 57215 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A43142) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 57215) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 147:1) The canting academy, or, The devils cabinet opened wherein is shewn the mysterious and villanous practices of that wicked crew, commonly known by the names of hectors, trapanners, gilts, &c. : to which is added a compleat canting-dictionary, both of old words, and such as are now most in use : with several new catches and songs, compos'd by the choisest wits of the age ... Head, Richard, 1637?-1686? [6], 192, [16] p. Printed by F. Leach for Mat. Drew ..., London : 1673. Dedication signed: R. Head. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Slang -- Dictionaries -- Early works to 1800. Wit and humor. Songs, English -- Texts. 2008-08 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2008-11 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2008-12 John Pas Sampled and proofread 2008-12 John Pas Text and markup reviewed and edited 2009-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion A Court of Canters See Save my life and take all Tip your 〈◊〉 or I le ●illy on I will Revenge an easie mort I was huedin the Naskin Claying the Lung a prigam of prancers I le smoke y t Iacka● I le wap your bite Kinchen 〈◊〉 y e 〈◊〉 THE CANTING Academy , OR , THE Devils Cabinet Opened : WHEREIN IS SHEWN The Mysterious and Villanous Practices of that wicked Crew , commonly known by the Names of Hectors , Trapanners , Gilts , &c. TO WHICH IS ADDED A Compleat Canting-Dictionary , both of old Words , and such as are now most in use . With several New Catches AND SONGS , Compos'd by the choisest Wits of the Age. A Book very useful and necessary to be read by all sorts of People . London , Printed by F. Leach for Mat. Drew , and are to be sold by the Booksellers . 1673. To all sorts of Persons , But more especially , Inn-keepers , Victuallers , and TRAVELLERS . Courteous Reader : YOu are not ignorant how little there is extant in Print of a way of speaking , commonly known by the name of Canting , a Speech as confused , as the Professors thereof are disorderly dispos'd ; and yet you know how much it is in use among some Persons , I mean , the more debauched and looser sort of people . I would not advise any honest minded man , or one that valu● 〈◊〉 R●putation to run 〈…〉 into a Rogues Company ; but yet I know he cannot avoid falling into their Company some times ; if it should be your mishap , it will be a great convenience to you to have some knowledge of what is contained in this insuing Treatise : In the first part you will know how to distinguish a Rogue from an honest Man , and what the Properties of a Villain are ; in the later part you may acquaint your 〈◊〉 , with so much Canting , ●s will give you to understand what they say , and what damn'd designs they are about . The Canting-Dictionary English before Canting , and Canting before English is more compleat than any hath been publisht 〈◊〉 and I can assure 〈◊〉 the helps extant being so inconsidenable● the pains I took in the Collection of 〈◊〉 Words is unima ginable ; however I shall not 〈◊〉 my pains , if it may profit my Countrey-men , whose welfare I have herein studied , and if this prove acceptable , I shall 〈…〉 in deavon● by labouring to serve you in something else of this nature . Fare well . R. Head. THE CONTENTS . THe Authors Design Page 1. The Form of the Oath , with the Articles , taken by the Gipsies and Canters at their first admission . Page 3 Why they follow this course of life . Page 5 1 Canting Song . Page 11 2 Canting Song called , The Beggars Curse . Page 14 The same in English ibid. 3 Canting Song , A Wenches Complaint for , and praise of her lusty Comrogue . Page 16 The same in English . Page 18 4 Canting Song , or the Rogues delight . Page 19 Beggars Holiday Page 33 An Alphabetical Canting Vocabulary , Canting before English . Page 34 An An Alphabetical Canting Dictionary English before Canting . Page 47 A Character of the Ro●uish Professors of the Diabolical Gibberish called Canting . Page 58 A Padding Song . Page 92 The Park Song . The vicious and remarkable Lives of Mother Craftsby and Mrs. Wheedle . Page 109 Miscellanies , and other Jovial Paradoxes , or the Canters Academy of Complements . Page 155 Several New Songs and Catches , composed by the choicest Wits of the Age. Page 173 Examples of Covetousness , Idleness , Gluttony , and Lechery . Villanies Discovered : OR THE DEVILS CABINET Broken Open , &c. THe task I have undertaken is so difficult , and the Persons I am about to desoribe so many , and their Vices and Practices so Villainously various , ( though they all concenter in one Hellish design ) that I know not how to begin , nor how to end when I have begun , for their Rogueries are infinite , and would everlastingly practice them , did not Hemp of their own beating , and a Rope of their own making , put an end to the further progress of their matchless Villainies . However , I shall endeavour to give you an exact account of these Caterpillars , with their hidden and mysterious way of speaking , which they make use of to blind the eyes of those they have cheated or robb'd , and inform one another with what they have done , or designe to do . There is no profest Rogue whatever , ( if he be qualified for his thieving faculty ) but must be well vers'd in Canting : and to the intent that they may not fall short of being excellent proficients in all manner of Roguery , they lay the ground work thereof in Canting , for by this they are able to converse with , and understand those of the upper Form of Villany , and by constant frequenting their company , become acquainted with Canting words which are most new , and what are thrown aside as too commonly known , the use whereof if not timely left off , may be the Instruments which may unhappily betray them to their condign punishments . The principal Professors of this Gibberish or Canting , I find , are a sort of People which are vulgarly called Gypsies ; and they do endeavour to perswade the ignorant , that they were extracted from the Egyptians , a people heretofore very famous for Astronomy , Natural Magick , the Art of Divination , with many other occult Arts and Sciences ; and these Strolers ( that they may seem to have their derivation from these ancient black Magi ) are great pretenders to Fortune-telling , and to colour their impostures , they artificially discolour their faces , and with this tawny hew and tatterdemallion habit , they rove up and down the Country , and with the pretension of wonderful prediction , delude a many of the younger and less intelligent people . And that they may not prejudice their Society any ways by foolish babling , betraying the hellish secrets of the fraternity , they swear all that are admitted into their Fellowship : for did they not take that course , they could not be safe among themselves from homebred treachery . For as they live together , so they lie promiscuously one with another ; so that as they know not how to claim a propriety in the children begotten , the Mothers ●nely being sensible whose they are by conception , so all things else are in common among them . This general interest tyes them more firmly together , than if all their rags were twisted into ropes to bind them indissolvably from a Separation . However they have a Form of an Oath , with Articles annexed thereunto , which though it binds but slightly , yet they keep it for the most part inviolably , which every one must take before he is admitted into this ragged society , administred by the principal Maunder , or Roguing Stroler . The Form of the Oath , with the Articles thereunto annexed , which these Gypsies and other Stroling Canters take , when they are first admitted into this Society . HIs name is first demanded , and after some little pause , a Nick-name given him , by which he is ever after called , and in time his other name is quite forgotten . Then up he stands in the middle , and directing his face to the Principal , he swears in this manner ; as it is dictated to him by one of the most experienced : I Crank Cuffin do swear to be a true Brother , and will in all things obey the commands of the great tawny Prince , and keep his counsel , nor divulge the Secrets of my Brethren . I will take my Princes part against all shall oppose him , or any of us , according to the utmost of my ability : nor will I suffer him , or any thereunto belonging , to be abused by any strange Abrams , Rufflers , Hookers , Palliards , Swadlers , Irish Toyls , Swig-men , Whip-jacks , Jark-men , Bawdy-baskets , Dommerars , Clapperdogeons , Patric●es , or Curtalls , but will defend him or them as much as I can against th●se or any other Outlyers whatever . I will not conceal ought I win out of Libkens , or from the Rufmans , but will preserve it for the use of the Company . I will never leave nor forsake this Company but observe and keep all the times of appointment either by day or by night , in any place whatsoever . I will not teach any one to Cant , nor will I disclose ought of our mysteries to them , although they flaug me to the death . Lastly , I will cleave to my Doxy Wap stiffly , and will bring her Cloaths , Hens , Turkies , Piggs , Geese , or any thing else I can come at , as winnings for her wapping . Having adopted a new Brother , a general stock is raised for Booz ; as for Peck , that they can procure without money ; the Booz being fetcht , some are sent to break the Rufmans , for firing , others to filch Tybs of the Buttery , Cackling cheats , Margery Praters , Red-shanks , and Grunting cheats ; their Morts are their Butchers , who presently make bloody work with what living things are brought them . The fire kindled under some remore hedg or obscure place , the food is diversly dressed ; you must not imagine that they had a Jack , or Dripping-pan , to roast their meat with ; or when it was drest , they were overcurious of sauce , napkins , or trenchers ; but to work they go when all is ready , Tooth and Nail ; and having eaten more like Beasts than Men , they drink more like Swine than humane Creatures . The Reasons , or Causes , of their following this course of Life . THey are a lazy and idle fort of people which cannot indure to take pains for an honest livelihood , but rather then labour , strole up and down all the Summer time in Droves or Companies , and by telling fortunes ( that is , by deluding young Country wenches , and other foolish and credulous people ) they pick up a great deal of Money , not onely what is freely given , but they will dextrously pick pocket whilst they are telling these simple people what shall hereafter befall them . For whilst one of these cunning Gypsies holds the hand , pretending to read therin strange things which shall come to pass , another secretly and nimbly dives into their pocket ; what money is taken from thence , is instantly conveyed to another , and so to a third , and by a fourth so cunningly hid , that the strictest search shall never find it out . If you tax them therewith , they will make a thousand imprecations , oaths and protestations that they have none of it , wishing the ground may open and swallow them up if they meddled therewith , yet if some perty reward be offered to the discoverer , or the severe lash produced , or soundly threatned , whatever was lost shall be instantly restored . I have heard when silver hatbands were in fashion , ●h● several of them were stoln off the hats of such who were so indiscreet as to inquire of these roguish Impostors what shall befall them , and by such means , that one would admire how it could be done , for whilst the Mother did earnestly look in the hand , the child at the back pin'd up with a skewer ( after the Irish fashion ) reaching over the Mothers head takes off the hatband ; I am credibly informed that these childeren were taught to do it ●t two year old . Besides picking of pockets , they are very dextrous in stealing any thing that comes near their hands , either within doors or without , which they instantly convert into Money , and that into drink , of which they all share alike , all things being in common amongst them ; this is it which makes them take such delight in this villainous way of living ; in this following story you shall more fully understand their way . In the Year one thousand six hundred seventy and one , I rode from London to visit some friends at Rochester , by the way I met with a crew of str●ling canting Gypsies , whilst I was busying my eyes about them with more curiosity than discretion , I was surrounded by them and so beset with them or every side , that I knew not what to think , having before moso many palpable symptomes of approaching danger ; however , I thought it prudence not to express any fear , and therefore undauntedly I demanded their business , and the reason of their thus thronging about me ? Sir , said one , which seem'd to be the lustiest and most confident fellow of the whole Company , we come from a far courtry ( speaking in a strange tone , and stranger English ) and are the true children of the Wise men of the East , we are skil'd in the dark and secret mysteries of Nature , and suck'd from our Mothers breasts the knowledge of the stars , and can tell what hath or will befall mortals , by the lines in their hands ; hereupon he desired me to let him look into my hand , and he would tell me things I should be glad and willing to understand . Whilst he was busying himself in telling me my fortunes , I with much earnestness observed his countenance , which methoughts I knew , notwithstanding its tawny dye ; I view'd it again and again , and by often comparing the present lineaments of his face , with those my memory had formerly retained of him , I grew confident this man must be one of my former acquaintance . Having throughly view'd my hand , and seemingly taking some information from my face , he began to tell me some truths that I knew to be so , ( for like a cunning Rogue he had not forgot me ) though he would not take the least notice of me ; and that I might not suspect him , he presently roved from the discourse of what he experimentally knew of me , and talk'd at random of I know not what ; Having finished his predictions , instead of giving him a reward , I desired that I might see his hand , and in requital of the pains he had taken to tell me my fortune , I told him , I would tell him his ; With some unwillingness he gave me his hand , and looking into it , after some pause , I spake after this manner : Sir , I can but reverence and admire you for your great skill , and must respect your person , in spight of the meaness of your apparel . What you have informed me with , for the most part is so true , that had you been my bosome and most familiar Friend , you could not have told me more ; and that I may make proof of my knowledge in your mysterious art of divination , give me leave to tell you some things , the truth whereof your self shall be Judge of . First , You are an English man , and have not one drop of Egyptian 〈◊〉 in you ; the place of your nativity was Excester , where you made some proficency in the learning at the Grammar School ; but so notorious arch and Roguish you grew , that before you arrived to sixteen years of age you had like to have been hanged twice . From this famous Western City , you were transmitted to London , where you had not served above half the time of your Apprenticeship , before you had committed so many villanies , that London was resolved to spew you out of your Native Country ; for one fact ( you wot of well ) more notorious than the rest , transported you to Virginia . My skill in Palmestry , Physiognomy , and Astrology , will not inform me more than what I have related : You know how you have behaved your self there , and since your return , and You and I both know what will become of you at last , if you do not shun this wicked and lazy course of life , and endeavour to live other wise . Hereupon I clapt spurrs to my Horse , but could not stir one foot , for this sturdy Rogue had fast hold of my bridle Reins . Now did I think he would have hinder'd me from ever telling Fortunes more , but I was soon convinced to the contrary , when I saw in what humble manner he beseeched me to stay , that he might have a little time to discourse with me : I granted his request , and did so far prevail with me , as to lie that night at an house of his appointment . Without much ceremony in taking leave of one the other , on I rid to the place appointed for our meeting , it being not many miles distant from the place where I met with this ragged crue of Tatterdemallions , I got in four hours before Sunset : I might have been there sooner had it not been for the obscurity of the place on which this stately Maunding Mansion , this Begging Dormitory stood , which I found out more by the description my Captain Gypsie gave me of it , than any other information I met with by the way . Arriving at the house , with what tokens I brought with me , my reception was as kind as they could make it ; and preparations were instantly made , not onely for my sake , but for the welcome of the Strolers they expected . The house was not very splendid you may imagine , yet large enough to contain three times tha Company . Whilst I was pensively sitting , thinking on what I had seen , and studying how I might divert my self till their coming , my Hosts daughter brought me some Ale , of which I had no sooner tasted , but I was forced to commend the goodness of it . She was homely , yet cleanly clad , and very tall . The Father and Mother , what with age and artificial means they heretofore used to discolour their faces , look'd like the twins of a lecherous He-Devil , begotten on an overgrown age-ridden Lapland Witch ; for it seems this pair of House-keepers had formerly used the trade of stroling and telling fortunes , but growing old and unable to travel , had by the assistance of the Brotherhood , erected this Fabrick for their reception . The goodness of the Ale made me drink freely of it , and the liberty I took to indulge my appetite , made me as freely talk . This perswaded my Host and Hostess that they might take some freedom to , nor was the daughter therein a jot behind us ; I might now properly say , we were as merry as so many Beggars : and that I might not want Musick to increase my mirth , the Father , Mother , and Daughter did interchangably sing , but in such a language that I should never have understood what they sung , had they not been so kind to be their own interpreters . The songs which they sung in Canting I have added to this treatise . I drank to so high a pitch , that I was forced to forsake my Company and betake my self to sleep , trusting them to do with me as they pleased , but awaking after two hours , and considering how foolishly I had done , I examined my pockets but found nothing missing , then turning my self about , there lay my untouch'd Bed-fellow , the Hosts daughter by my side , who tired with expectation was fallen asleep , it was unkindly done of me to slight the present my loving Landlady had sent me , and I could not but be troubled at the dissatisfaction I read in the eyes and face of the poor fool'd and cheated Girl . By that time , I got up , in came the Egyptian Prince , according to his hour , with his Concubines children and the rest of his retinue , who were instantly conducted into the largest room in the house , commonly called the Hall , where every one being seated , and store of booz and fogus , ( Drink and Tobacco ) brought them , I was acquainted with their arrival , and of his Higness desire to have some conference with me . I obey'd the Summons who upon my approach ar●s● and welcom'd me into their Society : there were few complements past between us , instead thereof the brown bowl past often , none refusing their liquor , nay , these of four years old were taught 〈…〉 the bottom of the cup ; in an hours time the room and all in i● became invisible , for nothing was to be seen , but the smoak that proceeded from their Pipes of an inch long . The fury of this smoaking rage being somewhat abated , and having pretty well drench'd their Vesuvian throats , they began to sing their wild tunes : endeavouring to make harmony out of the greatest discord imaginable . I would fain have had some discourse with my old acquaintance , but he desired me to defer it a little longer and hereupon he calls a lusty rogue to him , and comands him to sing a Canting song , which was made upon the Budge , that is , such who steal into houses in the night carrying off what next comes to their hands ; of which tribe , as he told me , he was formerly one , which he deserted for the continual hazard attending the Professers thereof , and betook himself to this , in which there is no great danger of life , only a fleaing of the skin now and then or so ; and thus he sang . 1. Canting Song . Of the Budge . THe a Budge it is a delicate trade , And a delicate trade of fame , For when that we have b bit the blow We carry away the c game . But if the d Cully e naps us , And the f Lurries from us take , O then he g rubs us to the h Whit , Though w' are hardly worth a i Make. And when that we come to the Whit , Our k Darbyes to behold , And for to do our pennance there We booz the Water cold ; But when that we come out again , And the merry l Hick we meet , Wee l m file him of his n cole , As he o pikes along the street . And when that we have filed him , Perhaps of half a p Job Then every man to the q Boozing Ken And there to r fence his hog . But if the Cully napps us , As a thing it is unfit To take away the cole from us And rub us to the Whit. And when we come unto the Whit For garnish they do cry , Marry fogh , Pox on you , you son of a bi●ch , You shall have it by and by . Then every man with his ſ Mob in his hand , And so we kiss and part , From hence we are divorced To the t Nubbing-cheat in a Cart. And when we come to the Nubbing-cheat For running on the Budge , There stands u Jack Kitch , that son of a bitch , Who owes us all a grudge ; For when that he hath nubbed us , And our friends x tips him no cole , He takes his y Chive and cuts us down And tips us into the hole . But if we have a friend stands by z Six and eight pence for to pay , Then they may have 〈…〉 back , And carry us quite 〈…〉 For at St Giles , or St. Martins A burying place is still ; And there 's an end of a running Budge , And the Son of a whore hath his will. This song being ended , I was askt how I liked it , I told him the tune might be passable , but in the composition there was much more impudence than sense or reason ; he presently replyed , how grosly Sir you are mistaken , to expect from such either sense or reason ; for had they either , they could not be so impudent as to continue in such courses which bring some or other of that Gang to the Gallows every Sessions . I was somewhat surprized at this sudden reply from a person so inconsiderable to outward appearance , but the remembrance of his former good education and natural arts , lessen'd my admiration . Whilst I was thus nusing with my self , another of this Hellish conregation put me out of my dumps , by voluntary inging after this manner . 2. Canting Song . The Beggars Curse . THe Ruffin cly the nab of the Harmanbeck If we maund Pannam , lap , or ruff peck Or poplars of Yarum ; he cuts bing to the Ruffmans , Or else he boldly swears by the Lightmans , To put our stamps fast in the Harmans , The Ruffin cly the Ghost of the Harmanbeck . If we heave a booth we cly the Jerk , If we niggle or Mill a Boozing Ken Or nip a bung that hath but a win , Or dup the Giger of a Gentry Coves Ken , Straight to the Cuffin quire we bing , And then to the Whit , to scour the cramprings , From thence at the Nubbing-cheat we trine in the Lightmans The Bube and the Ruffin cly the Harmanbeck and Harmans . Thus rendred in English , word for word . THe Devil take the Constables head If we beg milk , bacon , butter or bread , Milk , Pottage to the hedge bids us hie , Or swears by this light i' th stocks we shall lie . The Devil haunt the Constables Ghost , If we rob but a Cabbin w' are whipt at a post ; If a pittiful Ale-house we rob or break open , Or cut a purse hath but one single token , Or come stealing in at a Gentlemans door , To the Justice w' are hurried though never so poor Then next to the Goal to be sha●kled with irons And then to the Gallows which many invirons , Where up we are truss'd i' th' day time ; the Pox Take the Constable and the Devil take the stocks . Now it was thought high time to interline their inging with drinking , which they did with a wit●ss . The strangeness of their adventure , as it ●ossest my brains with admiration , so it seized my fancy with some kind of delectation , and to expr● s●me sense of satisfaction , I seem'd in some measure as merry as they ; my complacency to their humours so obliged them , that striving to outdo each other in singing , I thought with the Nightingal , they would have dyed in the attempt ; had not supper come in in the mean time to stop their Mouths . I li●ed the chear well enough , being good provision , and well dress'd , but the sight of the opposite Guests had so turn'd my stomack , that not one bit would go down with me . I could not forbear laughing out-right , when I consider'd my sitting at the table . I was seated at the upper end , as deserving the place by the merit of my garme ●s , the two poles admitting of no greater difference than between their cloaths and mine . Any one of indifferent judgment seeing me so inthron'd , would have sworn I had been King of the Beggars , or that I had been some Low-Country Factor sent over to traffick with these Rag-merchants . Our stomacks were so sharp , that we tock not the tythe of the time a Dutchman doth in the filling his belly ; to be short , we fell again to drinking ; and now to gratifie me for my company , the fair Barbarian Princess would needs take upon her to sing also ; this Princess you must know was the principal and most beloved Concubine of this Gypsie King , and had been so to three before him , one whereof was so severely ( flaugg'd at the Tumbler ) whipt at the Carts-arse for several mis-demeaners , ●hat he dyed thereof , the other was ( nub'd ) hang'd , and the last ( marrinated ) transported . She was not so old but that her Prince acknowledg'd her the most bucksom thing he ever saw , and ●ndeed by her countenance I could guess no less ; but so foul and ●athsome by reason of her Raggs and Hellish paint , that he must have a stronger stomack than I , that hath a mind to swop his Jockum with her : the song she sung was this . 3. Canting Song . Being a Wenches complaint for , and praise of her lusty Rogue , who rambled the Country with her . NOw my Kinchin Cove is gone , By the Rum pad maunded none , In quarrons both for stamps and bone Like my Clapperdogeon . Dimber damber fare thee well Palliards all thou didst excel , And thy Jocky bore the bell , Glymmer on it never fell . Thou the Cramprings ne're didst scowre Harmans had on thee no power , Harmanbecks did never toure For thee , though Drawers still had loure . Duds and cheats thou oft hast won Yet the Cuffin-quire couldst shun And thy Deusavile didst run , Else the chates had thee undone . Cank and Dommerar thou couldst play Or Rum-Maunder in one day , And like an Abram-Cove couldst pray Yet pass with Jybes well jerk'd away . When the Darkmans have been wet Thou the Crackmans down didst beat For Glymmar whilst a quacking cheat , Or Tib o' th' Buttery was our meat . Red shanks then I could not lack , Ruff-peck still hung at my back , Grannam ever fill'd my sack , With lap and poplars held I tack . To thy Bughar and thy skew , Filch and Jybes I bid adieu , Though thy Togeman was not new , Yet the Ruffler in 't was true . In English thus . NOw my little Rogue is gone , By the High-way begs there none , In body both for length and bone , Like my Clapperdogeon . Pretty Rascal fare thee well , Born beggars all thou do'st excel , Thy Sweep-stakes still shall bare the Bell , No Fire-ship yet aboard it fell . Bolts my Bully ne'r● did wear Never thou the stocks didst fear , For thee no Constable did swear , For thou hadst Mony and to spare . Cloaths by stealth thou oft hast got , Yet the Justice took thee not , But through the Country thou didst trot , The Gallows else had been thy lot . Dumb and Madman thou couldst play , Or a drivling Fool all day , And like a poor man thou couldst pray . Yet stap'd with Passes seal'd away . When the Evening hath been wet , For Fire the Hedges down didst bear . Me then with stoln Duck didst treat , Or else a fat Goose was our meat Mallards then I could not lack , Bacon hung always at my back , Nor Corn wanted in my sack , With good Milk pottage I held tack . To thy Dog and Dish adieu Thy Staff and pass I ne're must view , Though thy Cloak was far from new , In it my Rogue to me was true . And now Prince Prig could forbear no longer , but that he must put in for a Continuer of this harmony ; when he began to sing , he fix'd his eyes stedfastly on this fair , foul , bucksome , loathsome , courtly ragged Mistress of his , by which I guest the lines might concern her ; and so they proved by the sequel . 4. Canting Song . The Rogues delight in praise of his Stroling Mort. DOxy oh ! Thy Glaziers shine As Glymmar by the Salomon , No Gentry Mort hath prats like thine No Cove e're wap'd with such a one . White thy fambles , red thy gan , And thy quartons dainty is , Couch a hogshead with me than , In the Darkmans clip and kiss . What though I no Togeman wear , Nor Commission , Mish , or slate , Store of strummel wee 'l have here . And i' th' Skipper lib in state . Wapping thou I know dost love , Else the Ruffin cly thee Mort , From thy stampers then remove Thy Drawers and let 's prig in sport . When the Lightmans up do's call Margery Prater from her nest , And her Cackling cheats with all In a Boozing-Ken wee 'l feast . There if Lour we want I 'l mill A Gage or nip for thee a bung , Rum booz thou shalt booz thy fill And crash a Grunting cheat that 's young . Bing awast to Rome-vile then O my dimber wapping Dell , Wee 'l heave a booth and dock agen Then trining scape and all is well . The English thereof . MY honey Chuck , by th' Mass I swear , Thine eyes do shine than fire more clear , No silken Girl hath thighs like thine , No Doe was ever buck'd like mine . Thy hand is white and red thy lip , Thy dainty body I will clip , Let 's down to sleep our selves then lay , Hug in the dark and kiss and play . What though I no cloak do wear And neither Shirt or Sheet do bear , Yet straw wee 'l have enough that 's sweet And tumble when i' th' Barn we meet . What thy Grandam lov'd do'st thou , The Devil take thee else I vow . Off then with thy stockings and shooes And let us do what others use . When the morning up shall call From her nest the Hen and all Her tender Broodlings thou and I , Will to the Ale-House swiftly fly . If we can't our reck'ning pay Somthing I 'l filch and steal away , Drink off thy liquor then thy fill , Some suckling Pig for thee I 'l kill . 7. Therefore to London let us hie O thou my sweet bewitching eye , There wee 'l rob and kiss pell-mell , Escaping Tyburn all is well . Lastly , The most ill-shapen ill-look'd Rogue in the whole Company , sung as followeth . 5. Canting Song . Sung commonly at their general Randezvous , or the night before they divided themselves into Tribes or Parties , to strol the Country . BIng out been Morts and tour and tour , Bing out been Morts and tour , For all your duds are bing'd awast The been Cove hath the lour . I met a Dell , I view'd her well , She was benship to my watch , So she and I did stall and cloy Whatever we could catch . This Doxy Dell can cut been whids , And wap well for a win , And prig and cloy so benshiply All the Deuseavile within . The boyl was up we had good luck As well in frost as snow , When they did seek then did we creep And plant in Ruffmans low . To stroling Ken the Mort bings then To fetch lour for her cheats , Duds and Ruffpeck romboil'd by Harmanbeck And won by Maunders feats . You Maunders all stow what you stall To Rum-coves what so quire , And wapping Dell that niggles well And takes lour for her hire . And Jybe well jerk'd tick rome confeck For back by Glimmar to maund To mill each Ken let Cove bing then Through Ruffmans Jauge or laund . Till Cramprings quire-tip Cove his hire And Quire Ken do them Catch A Canniken will quire Cuffin , So quire to been Coves watch . Been Darkmans then booz Mort and Ken , The been Coves bing awast On Chats to trine by Rum-Coves dine , For his long lib at last . Bing out been Morts and tour Bing out of the Rome vile fine , And tour the Cove that cloyd your duds Upon the Chats to trine . Thus in English . GO forth brave Girls look out , look out , Look out I say good Maids , For all your cloaths are stoln I doubt , And shar'd among the Blades . I met a Drab I lik'd her well , With whom I us'd to dally , What goods we stole we straight did sell , And then abroad did sally . This bouncing Trull can finely talk , She will do for a penny , Through every Town which she doth walk Fails not to filch from any . The house being rais'd aside we step And through the mire did wade The Hue and Cry to shun we crept In Hedges where we laid . To the Brokers then my Hedg-bird flies , For goods she brings good coin , Which though the Constable after hies Our tricks away purloin . You Maunding Rogues beware how you Do steal , for search is made , And have a care you damned whore , Who will not do till paid . A Licence got with forged seal To beg ( as if undone By fire ) to break each house and steal Ore hedg and ditch then run , Till shackles soundly pay us home , And to the Gaol compell us , Hells plague the Justice heart consume , So cruel to good fellows . Sweet Wench , Ale-house and Beer good night , The honest Rogues departed , To hanging by the Justice spight To his long home he 's carted . Away sweet Ducks with greedy eyes From London walk up Holborn Pursue him stole your Cloaths ; he flyes With hempen wings to Tyburn . It now grew very late , which with the great quantity of drink made most of the company betake themselves to sleep , dropping one after another , leaving none at last but my former acquaintance and my self together , a thing I all along desired . Being alone , prythee , said I , give me a reason why thou dost so degenerate from thy Birth and Education as to follow so lazy and so damn'd a course of life , than which their is nothing worse under the Cope of Heaven : have patience , said he , and I will endeavour your satisfaction in every thing that concerned me since my leaving the place of my nativity to this time , and that in this short relation . An account of the notable and notorious life of a late and eminent King of the Gypsies , yet living , taken verbatim as he himself related it . I Need not acquaint you , said he , with the passages of my life while I was a School-boy at Excester , since I know they are not unknown to you ; I shall therefore inform you when I came to London to be an Apprentice , I presently imagined I should not serve my time , that strict course of life being so disagreable to my loose inclinations , and therefore from the first week I never intended to mind my trade , although you know it was as credible and reputable as most in the whole City . I was naturally very lazy and slothful , and ever hated any thing that was Gentile , I have often rose from dinner to make an end thereof with those who beg'd at the door , and took as much delight therein as others sitting at Noble-mens Tables ; so slovenly , that though my Master brush'd my coat for 〈◊〉 every day , yet he could not beat the sloving ●●●on't , nor that roguery , which being bred in the 〈◊〉 will never out of the flesh ; when he saw nothing would reduce me to observe the rules of de●ency and civility , he took an occasion knocking late at his door to shut me out , and from thence I resolv'd never to return to him again . All the day time I rambled up and down the out parts of the City , and being almost famish'd I ro●olv'd rather to beg than starve , which I did so artificially , that I got victuals enough every where ; at night I found convenient bulks to lie on , it being then Mid-summer , I lay not in that manner in fear ● at thing cold . I liv'd after this manner for a Month , and began to be much in love with my begging Profession , and had continued it had I not accidentally fallen into the acquaintance of a notable lazy companion like my self , whom I found sunning himself in Lincolnsin-fields . With little difficulty and less time we became intimately acquainted , and thereupon sworn brothers . We beg'd together , lay together and louz'd together , and were inseparable ; it was he that taught me first to steal , and by his means first soundly whipt . For it was our custome in the close of the Evening , to beg at doors , which if we found open , we boldly enter'd , and if we espied none in the way , what was next at hand we rub'd off with ; if we saw any , we straightwaies applyed our selves to our whining notes and pitiful looks , begging for Gods sake to bestow their charity on two Orphan Twins , who were both troubled with the Falling-sickness : some were so pittiful and credulous as to give their Alms , but the most ( seeing us sturdy and lusty young Lads ) fright'ned us away with the threats of the whiping Post , but these menaces did not scare us from our continual filching notwithstanding . But the Pitcher goes not so often to the Well but that it comes home broken at last . For one night watching at a door for an opportunity , seeing the coast clear I whipt up stairs , and happily the first thing my hands fastned on , was a Hair-Chamlet Cloak ; overjoy'd with the goodness of the prize and minding not the distance of the stairs from me , I came sooner to the Stair head than I was aware of , and fell to the bottom of the stairs , making a noise like a Devil in a Drum : this unexpected misfortune did put my experienc'd Tutor and Comrade to the run , and with all so alarm'd the house , that there was no hole left for me to creep out at . Search being made , I was found with my Cloak lying at the stair foot , not able to stir ; but my merciless foes did soon put life in me by by boxing and kicking me one to another ; they had done me a kindness had they kick'd me out into the street ; but hold there , after all this mis-usage I was carried before a Justice , who presently sent me to Newgate . Sessions , as good luck would have it , was at hand , otherwise , I know not how I should have lived a fortnight with a penny a day in Bread and Water : Being brought to the old Baily , I had my Tryal , and received sentence of severe whipping , which was accordingly performed , and return'd to Newgate to lie there till I had paid my fees ; which was so long ( having no friend to help me ) that I there became intimately acquainted with the whole Gang of ROGUES , distinguished by Files , Lifts , Gilts , Budges , Runners , Heavers , &c. Who seeing how forward I was to be one of them , promised me , if ever we met abroad , they would instruct me in a trade should bring me in a livelyhood , which I found would have put me out of one , had I longer followed their instructions . I now despair'd of coming out , and whilst I thought so , my little Tutor sent a youngster to me ( for he durst not come himself , being too well known by the Keepers ) who brought me more Money than would discharge my Fees , with directions where I should find him . I instantly addrest my self to the Master-Keeper , telling him that I had a friend had sent me some money and therefore I desired to know what I was indebted and I would pay it , provided I might be discharged ; he readily told me , and now we were possest with one and the same joy , that he was freed from me , and I from him . I was no sooner out , but I fell a running , as if I intended to run out of my wits , and never stopt till I came to my Comrade : you may imagine there was no small joy at meeting , and to wash down sorrow , we concluded to booz it rumly . Over our Ale he recounted me all his adventures since my surprizal , and how successful he was in them all ; then taking me by the hand , said , come boy ne'r be disheartned for one ill bargain I 'l put thee in a way which shall recompence thy whipping . Night approaching we did several exploits and came off well , the next day and night we continued them with the like success , and now we had got Money enough to new cloath our selves , which we did , having first unhusk'd . What I had promised me in New-gate , I had perform'd abroad , for meeting with one of my fellow Collegiats , he was over-joy'd to see me , and especially at such a time when he could serve me ; for , said he , I am now going to meet with some according to appointment , who will make Vs All , he might have added , Be Hanged . Taking my Comrade I went with him , where we found a jolly company drinking after a strange rate to their good success that night ; in a little time I understood their meaning ; for , said one , let us cease from this excessive drinking , you know what a weighty business we are to go about , no less than fifteen hundred pound in ready Mony , besides Plate and Jewells : hereupon they were advised , and fell immediately to plotting and rightly contriving the business . It was agreed upon , that I and my Comrade should be the Forelorne-hope , or more properly the Perdues ; for our charge was to get into this house designed to be rob'd , and abscond our selves in some obscure place and so at such an hour let in our Masters . At first I knew not what to make of it , judging it so hazardous , that I trembled when I did but think thereon ; my Comrade perceiving how timorous I was , shook me by the hand , bidding me be of good courage , he would warrant all well . Hereupon I resolv'd on the exploit and away we went together . A little before night my Comrade had lodg'd himself , but I knew not where , and being loath to be behind hand with him , I got underneath the stairs in a hole descending into the Collar , so convenient , as if it had been made for my purpose . There was a Clock in the house , which I watchfully told and observed , and when it struck twelve ( which was the fatal hour appointed ) out I got and met full-but with my Comrade , who was as diligent as my self to let them in , they being ready without , enter'd and leaving us two Sentinels at Door , they mounted the Stairs , and in a trice had secured all that were in the house by Gagging and binding them ; just as they were within ken of their booty ; the Gentleman of the house ( who had been at play and had quarrell'd with some Gentlemen , ) came home attended by several Gentlemen , and guarded with a Constable and strong watch , but wondred to see two young Sentinels at his door ; as soon as we saw him we betook our selves to our heels , having no time left to acquaint the rest with the present danger ; the Constable seeing us run , let loose a couple of his Nighthounds , and stay'd our farther progress ; in the mean time the Gentleman enter'd his house ; they within finding themselves discovered , drew , and attempted to cut their passage through ; but the Constable hearing a great noise with clashing of swords , securing me and my comrade , presently ran to their assistance ; and to be short secured them all , with whom we were sent to bear them Company in the Counter that night : in the morning being carried before the Justice , there was matter of fact , and proof enough to send us to Newgate ; being tryed at Sessions , we were all found guilty of Burglary and accordingly received sentence of Death , which was executed accordingly , onely I and my Comrade being very young , had the benefit of Transportation . Seven years in our exile , we did what our Masters commanded us and our time being expired , we resolv'd to return for England , but death put an end to my Comrades Voyage , however I alter'd not my resolution , but sail'd for England , where in several places I made trials to live honestly , but could not , For what is bred in the bone will never out of the flesh . Now knowing that if ever I was taken again on any Fellonious account , I should assuredly be hang'd ; and being so lazy that I hated the thought of working , I resolved to follow the life of a stroling Gypsie , into which Society I was joyfully received : I grew so good a proficient in the mysteries of this trade , that with a joint consent I was chosen at a solemn meeting , their Prince or King ; and for these reasons ; First , because I was young and well proportion'd ; Secondly , because I was lustier and stronger than the rest ; And Lastly , because I had more than common learning , and more wit than they had , put them altogether . Now the reasons inducing me to follow this life , were these ; First , a lazy disposition ; Secondly , a lecherous inclination ; And Lastly , profit . As to the first , we do nothing for a livelyhood but walk up and down in Summer time , which is rather a pastime than pain ; and in Winter , retire to such quarters as are suitable to the season , not stirring thence till spring . As to the second , our females are all in common among us , and though their skins be discolour'd , they have as good flesh as can be coveted by an youthful appetite . And lastly , as to profit ; It is incredible to think how much we get by Fortune-telling , among the ignorant , the poor wenches being ready to pawn their Petticoats to procure us money , to tell them how fruitful they shall be , when Married ; or whether William or Thomas loveth them or not : But the greatest profit we reap is from our By-blows , these Children our Morts carry at their backs are all of them Bastards , and most of them none of their own begetting ; for when young Gentlewomen have trod awry , and the Fathers are not to be disgraced , the Bantlings for a good round sum are sent to us to be nursed , where they are never like to come to the knowledge of their true Parents . Here he made an end , if you shall approve of what is already written , I wil shortly inlarge my self on this subject . Beggars Holiday . CAst our Nabs and Cares away , This is beggars Holiday , In the world look out and see , Where 's so happy a King as he ? At the Crowning of our King , Thus we ever dance and sing . Where 's the Nation lives so free , And so merry as do we ? Be it peace , or be it War , Here at liberty we are ; Hang all Harmanbecks , we cry , And the Cuffinquiers too by . We enjoy our ease and rest , To the fields we are not prest . When the Subsidy's increast , We are not a penny ceast ; Nor are we call'd into the Town , To be troubled with a Gown ; Nor will any go to Law With a Beggar for a straw . All which happiness he brags , He doth owe unto his rags . AN ALPHABETICAL Canting Vocabulary . Canting before the English . A A A. AUtem A Church Autem Mort A Married Woman Abram Naked Abram Cove A Poor Fellow B B B. Bluffer An Host Bounsing-cheat A Bottle Bughar A Dog Booz Drink Boozing-ken A Tippling-house Bord A Shilling Bung A Purse Been Good or well Beenshiply Very well Benat Better Bing To go Bing awast To go away Bube The Pox. As for Example , The Mort hath tipt the Bube to the Cully . The wench hath clapt the Fellow . Bleating-cheat A Sheep Belly-cheat An Apron Betty An Instrument to open a door . Bite To cheat or cozen As bite the Cully , that is , pu● the Cheat on such a Fellow . Or the Cove was bit , The Man was cheated . Bite the Roger Steal the Portmanteau Budge One that steals Cloaks or ought else , slipping into an house in the dark Brush To fly . As the Cully is brush'd or rub'd , that is , He is march'd off , or broke . Beenship Worship Bulk and File The one jostles you up whilst the other picks your pocket . Been darkmans Good night . Blower One man 's particular Wench . Batner An Oxe Blow off on the Groundsils . O. Q. P. on the Floar or Stairs Blot the Skrip and jark it . To be engaged or bound for any body . C C C. Coker A lye Cove , or Cuffin A Man Cuffin-Quire A Justice of Peace Cramprings Bolts or Shackles Chats The Gallows Cank Dumb Crackmans Hedges Calle or Togeman A Cloak Couch To lie Couch a hogshead To go to sleep Mish or Commission A Shirt Cackling cheat A Chicken Cassan Cheese Crashing cheats Teeth Cloy To Steal Cut To Speak Cut been whids To Speak well Cut quire whids To Speak evilly Confeck Counterseit Canakin The Plague Cly the jerk To be whipt Clapperdogeon A Beggar born Cully A Fool or Fop Colquarron A Mans Neck Croppinken A Privy or Boghouse Cracker An Arse Chaft Beaten or bang'd Clincker A Crafty Fellow Chap'd Dry , or Thirsty Cackling Farts Eggs Cobble-colter A Turky D D D. Dimber Pretty Damber Rascal Drawers Stockings Duds Goods Deuseavile The Country Dommerar A Mad man Darkmans Night or Evening Dell or Doxy A Wench Deuswins Two pence Dup To enter or go into an house , As Dup the Ken , Enter the House , Dup the Boozing-Ken , and booz a gage ; go into the Ale-house and drink a pot . Dancers Stairs Deuseavile-Stampers Country Carriers E E E. Earnest A part or share , As for example , Tip me my Earnest , Give me my Share or Divident . F F F. Flicker A Glass . Flicker-snapt A Glass broken Flick To Cut As Flick me some Pannam and Cash ; Cut me some Bread and Cheese Flick the Peeter Cut the Cloak-bag Fam-grasp the Cove To agree with an Adversary . Frummagen Choak'd Filch A Staff with an hole in the end thereof , in which upon occasion , your Rogues will fasten an hook , to pull things cunningly from an Hedge , or through a Casement . Ferme An hole Fambles Hands Famble-cheats Rings or Gloves Flag A Groat Flog To whip as in Bridewell , As the Prancer drew the Quire Cove at the Cropping of the Rotan through the Rum pads of the Rum vile , and was flog'd by the Nubbing-Cove . That is , The Rogue was drag'd at 〈◊〉 Carts-arse , through the chief streets of London , and was soundly whipt by the Hangman . Fogus Tobacco As tip me a gage of Fogus , Give me a pipe of Tobacco . Fencing Cully A Receiver of stoln Goods Fib To beat , As Fib the Coves quarrons in the rum ●ad for the lour in his burg . Beat the Man on the high-way for the money in his purse . Flog'd at the Tumbler Whipt at the Carts arse . Fence To spend As Fence your Flag , Spend your Groat , Floggin Cove , The whipper of Bridewell , or any other that whips people commonly called at Dublin in Ireland Bellores . G G G. Gropers Blind men Glimflashy Angry Glimfenders Andirons Grunting peck Porke Glymmer Fire Glazyers . Eyes Grannam Corn Gentry Mert A Gentlewoman Gage A pot or pipe Grunting ch●at A Sucking pig Gigger A Door Gybe Any writing or Pass Glazyer One that creeps in at casements , or unrips glass windows to filch and steal . Gilt A Picklock , Where note that some of them are so excellent at it , that they are furnished with all sorts of Gilts or Keys , f●o●n a Church door to the smallest Cabinet , and almost at first sight will dexterously open any door , t●unk , chest , or any lock whatever . Glym Jack A Link boy Glym Stick A Candlestick Grinders Teeth Gigg The Nose As give him a rum snitch , or ●●●ichel the Gigg , that is , Fillip him on the Nose . H H H. Harmanbeck A Constable Harmans The Stocks Heave To Rob , As Heave a Booth , To rob an house Half bord Sixpence Husky lour A Guinny Hog A Shilling , As for Example ; You Darkman-budge , will you fence your hog with me , at the next Boozing Ken. That is , d' ye hear you House-creeper , will you spend your shilling with me , at the next Alehouse . Hoodwinkt Beneghted or belated Heaver A Breast I I I. Jague A ditch Jark A Seal Jo●kum gage A Chamber pot Job A Guinny K K K. Ken An house Kinchin A little child Kinchin Cove A little man Kidnapper A fellow that walketh the streets , and takes all advantages to pick up the younger sort of people , whom with lies and many fair promises he inticeth on board a ship and transports them into forreign plantations . L L L. Lour Money Lightmans Day , or Day-break Libben A private dwelling house Lage Water Libbedge A bed Lap Pottage Lurries All manner of cloaths Lifter , or Plyer A Crutch . M M M. Mow heater A Drover Mower A Cow Mish topper A Coate Maund To beg Maunders Beggars Margry Prater An Hen Mill To Steal Make An half peny Mynt Gold Muffling cheat A Napkin Mumpers Gentile Beggars , Such as will not accept of Victuals , but money or cloaths , and these beg under the pretence of being decay'd Gentlemen , Tradesmen , or such who have been burn'd out or shipwrack'd Milken An house breaker Muns The Face , As tout his Muns , Mark his face well Moon Cu●ser A Link boy Marinated Transported into some sorreign Plantation . N N N. Nabgirder A Bridle Nubbing Ken The Sessions house Neck stamper A Pot-boy Napper of Naps A Sheep-stealer Nab An Head Nab-cheat An Hat Nap To take , or cheat with the Dice , that is , by certainly securing one chance . Naskin A Goal , or Bridewell Nazie Drunken Nazie Cove A Drunkard Nizie A Fool or Coxcomb Nub The Neck Nubbing Hanging Nubbing Cove The Hangman Nubbing cheat The Gallows O O O. Ogles Eyes Old Mr Gory A piece of Gold P P P. Panter An heart Prig-star A Rival in love Palliard One whose Father is a born Beggar Papplar Milk pottage Prats Thighs Prigg To Ride Prigging Riding Priggers of Prancers Horse-stealers Priggs Are all sor●t of Thieves Peck or Peckidg Any sort of meat Pannam Bread Plant To lay , place , or hide Prancer An horse Prating cheat A Tongue Peak Any lace Pike To run As Pi●e on the been , Run for it as fast as you can . Peery Fearful Peeter A portmantle Pad The high-way Plant your whids , and stow them , Be careful what you say or speak Prig-napper . A Horse-stealer Peeper A Looking glass , As track the Dancers and pikes with the Peeper , Go up the stairs and trip off with the Looking-glass . Peeping Drowsie , or Sleepy Q Q Q. Quarron A Body Quacking cheat A Duck Queer Base or roguish Queer Ken A Prison Queer Mert A pockie Baggage Queer Cove A Rogue R R R , Rum gutlers Canary wine , As Rum hopper , tip us presently a Bounsing cheat of Rum gutlers ; Drawer fill us presently a bottle of the best Canary . Rum dropper A Vintner Rarling Cove A Coatchman Rum glimmar King of the Link boys Rumboyle A Ward or Watch Rum Gallant Rum Vile London . Ruffin The Devil , As the Ruffin nap the Cuffin-quier , and let the Harmanbeck trine with his Kinchins about his Colquarron ; That is , Let the Devil take the Justice , and let the Constable hang with his children about his neck . Rum boozing Welts A bunch of Grapes Roger A Cloak-bag Ridgcully A Goldsmith Ruffler A notorious Rogue Ruff peck Bacon Redshank A Mallard Rum pad The highway Rum Padders The better sort of High-way men . Rum Cully A rich Coxcomb Ratling Mumpers Such who onely beg at Coaches . Romboyl'd Sought after with a Warrant Rum hopper A Drawer S S S. Squeeker A Bar-boy Smacking Cove Coachman Scout A Watch Swag A Shop Smudge One that lies underneath a bed , to watch an opportunity to rob the house . Shoplift One that filcheth Commodities out of a Shop , under the pretence of cheapning or buying them of the Shop-keeper . Stampers Shooes Stamps Leggs Stock-drawers Stockings Scoure To wear Skew A Dish Slate A Sheet Skipper A Barnel Shoulder sham Partner to a File Stam flesh To Cant ; As the Cully Stams flesh rumly ; He Cants very well Stow your whids Be wary Stalling Ken A Brokers shop , or an house that will recive stoln goods . Smelling cheat A Garden or Nosegay Salomon The Mass Stow your Whids and plant 'em , for the Cove of the Ken can cant 'em , Have a care what you say , the Man of the House understands you . Smiter An Arm Stall whimper A Bastard Skrip Paper , As the Cully did freely blot the Skrip , and so tipt me forty Hogs ; that is , One enter'd into bond with me for forty shillings . TTT . Touting Ken A Tavern Bar Trundlers Pease Tour To look out Track up the Dancers Go up the Stairs The Cul Snilches The man eyes you Tip the cole to Adam Tiler Give your pick-pocket money presently to your running Comrade . Tip the Mish Give the Shirt Tib of the buttery A Goose Tip To give Trine To hang : or Tyburn Tick-rum A Licence Tres wins Three pence Toppin Cove The Hangman Tumbler A Cart Topping cheat The Gallows WWW. Win A penny Wicher-cully A Silver-smith Whit Newgate ; As five Rum padders are rub'd in the darkmans out of the Whit , and are pik'd into the Deuseavile : Five Highway men in the night broke Newgate , and are gone into the Country . Witcher Silver Witcher bubber A Silver Bowl ; As for example , The Cull is pik'd with the Witcher bubber ; The Rogue is March'd off with the Silver Bowl . Witcher-tilter A Silver-hilted sword Wicket A Casement ; As tout through the Wicket , and see where a Cully pikes with his Gentry Mort , whose Muns are the rummest I ever touted before : Look through the Casement , and see where the man walks with a Gentlewoman , whose face is the fairest I have ever seen . AN ALPHABETICAL Canting Dictionary . English before the Canting . AAA . A Curious wench Rum Mort An Apron Belly cheat An Instrument to break a door Betty A part or share Earnest An hole Ferm A Groat Flag A Receiver of stoln goods Fencing Cully A fine Gentlewoman Gentry-Mort A Door Gigger Any writing or Pass Gybe A Guiny , or Job Huskie lour A Little child Kinchin A Little man Kinchin Cove A private dwelling house Libben All manner of cloaths Lurries All sorts of Thieves Priggs Any sort of meat Peck or Peckidge Any Lace Peak A notorious Rogue Ruffler An Arm Smiter An Arse Cracker Andirons Glimfenders Agree with a man Famgrasp the Cove Angry Glim flashy B B B. Bar-boy Squeeker Beadle of Bridewell Floging Cove Better Benar Bridewell Naskin Beggar born Clapperdogeon Boghouse or Privy Croppinken Bed Libbedge Bottle Bounsing ckeat Beg Maund Beggars Maunders Bread Pannam Be careful of what you say Stow your whids and plant 'em Bridle Nabgirder Bolts or Shackles Cramprings Body Quarron Base or Roguish Queer Bacon Ruff peck Bastard Stall-whimper Broker Fencing Cully Belated Hoodwinks Blind men Gropers Barn Skippers Bar of an Alehouse or Tavern . Touting Ken Be wary Stow your whids Brokers shop Stallen-ken Beaten Chaft Breast Heaver C C C. Cart Tumbler Coach-beggars Ratling Mumpers Cloak-bag Roger or Peeter Cheat Napper Coach Ratler Chamber pot Jockum-gage . Coachman Smacking-Cove Constable Harmanbeck Candle stick Glym-stick Cut the Cloak-bag Flick the Peeter Corn Grannam Clusters of Grapes Rum-boozing Welts Carriers Deuseavile Stampers Choak'd Frummagem'd Crutch Lifter or Plyer Copulate Wap or Jockum cloy Country Deuseavile Counterfeit Confeck Crafty fellow Clincher Crust Crakler Cheese Cash or Cassan Chicken Cackling-cheat Cloak Calle or Togeman Cheat or cuzen Bite Church Autem Coat Mish-topper Cow Mower . D D D. Drawers of Wine Rum hoppers Dog Bughar Drink Booze Drousie Peeping Dumb Cank Ditch Jague Day , or Day-break Lightmans Drunken Nazy Dry or thirsty Chapt Drunkard Nazy-Cove Duck Quacking-cheat Devil Ruffin Dish Skew Drover Mow-heater E E E. Enter or go into an house Dup Eyes Ogles or Glaziers Ends of Gold and Silver Spangles Eggs Cackling-farts F F F. Fellows that pick up people for transportation commonly called Spirits Kidnappers Face Muns Fool or Coxcomb Nizie Fearful Peery Fly or run Bresh Fop , or one that may easily be wrought upon Cully Fire Glymmer . Feet Stampers . G G G. Gold Mynt Gentile Beggars Mumpers Goal Naskin Gallows Trine Gallant Run● Goldsmith Ridgcully Garden or Nosegay Smelling cheat Goes up the Stairs Track up the Dancers Give Tip Glass Flicker Gallows Topping cheat Glass broken Flicker snapt . H H H. High-way Topping Cove High-way-men Rum pad Horse Rum padders Horse-stealer Prancer Head Nab Hat Nab cheat Half-penny Make House Ken Hands Fambles Hose Drawers Hostess S● pouch Heart Panter Host Bluffer . III. Ingage Blot the Skrip . KKK . King of the Link-boys Rum glimmer Knavery Queer topping LLL . Link-boy Moon-curser , or Glym-Jack Looking-glass Peeper London Rumvile L●gs Stampers Licence Jukrum Look through the Casement Tout through the Wicker Lips Gans Lye Coker MMM . Mass Salomon Mallard Red-shank Milk-pottage Papplar Money Lour Married Woman Autem-Mort Mad-men Dommerars Man Cove . NNN . Nose Gigg Neck Nuh Newgate Whit Night or Evening Darkman Naked Abram OOO . One that slips into an house in the dark and steals what he can lay hands on Budge One that creeps in at Casements and lets in others to rob the house Glazier One that filcheth commodities out of a shop under the pretence of Cheapning or Buying Shoplift One that lieth underneath a bed , or in some other covert place to watch an opportunity to rob the house Snudge One whose father is born a Begger Palliard O Q P on the stairs Blow off on the Grounds●ll PPP . Pottage Iap Pork Grunting peck Pease Trundlers Partners to Files Shoulder-shams Peice of old Gold Old Mr. Gory Portmantue Peeter Prison Queer Ken Penny Win Picklock Gilt Pot or Pipe Gage Pretty Dimber Plague Cannakin Pox Bube Purse Bung Poor Fellow Abram Cove QQQ . Question Starter RRR . Rascal Damber Rings or Gloves Famble cheats Rich Coxcomb Rum Cully Ride Prig Riding Prigging Riders Priggers Rogue Queer Cove . S S S. Shilling Bord or Hog Sheep Bleating cheats Steal the Portmantue Bite the Roger Shirt Mish Speak Cut Stockings Drawers Sucking Pig Grunting cheat Stocks Harmans Sixpence Half a Hog Silver Witcher Silver bowl Witcher-bubber Silver-smith Witcher-cully Straw Strummel Sheets Slates Stockings Stock drawers Shoes Stamps Shop Swag Sought after with a warrant Romboyld Sheep-stealer Napper of Naps Steal Mill or Cloy Seal Jark TTT . Teeth Crushing cheats To lye Couch To go to sleep Couch a Hog shead To speak well Cut ben whids To speak ill Cut queer whids To be whipt Cly the Jerk Two penbe Deuswins Three pence Treswins Tobacco Fogus To take Tobacco Raise a cloud To beat Fib To spend or lay out Fence Teeth Grinders To rob an house Heave a Booth To tumble together Lib Transported Marinate To lay place or hide Plant Tongue Prating cheat To rune away Pikes To wear Scour To look out Tour To hang Trine The Sessions-house Nubbing Ken Turky Cobble-colter . Our Canting Alphabet will not extend a Letter farther then T , as far as I can find out ; not knowing any Canting word beginning with V , X , Y , Z , although I have made a strict inquiry from some of the most notorious Professors hereof : I have consulted likewise what is printed on this subject , and have slighted no help I could gather from thence , which indeed is very little ; the greatest assistance I had in this discovery , was from Newgate ; which with much difficulty I screw'd out of the sullen Rogues , who would not speak a word till I had suppled their tongues with the oil of Barley , or rather thaw'd their obstinate silence with the heat of strong Liquors . From these I understood , that the Mode of Canting alter'd very often , and that they were forced to change frequently those material words which chiefly discovered their mysterious practices and Villanies , least growing too common their own words should betray them . Here in this Vocabulary or little Canting Dictionary , You have all or most of the old words which are still in use , and a many new never pubblished in print , and but very lately minted , such too which have passed the approbation of the Critical Canter . If I seem deficient in the quantity of words , let some else supply my defects , having collected words sufficiently enough for one , if you will have more , take the pains which I have done to be supplyed , and in the mean time be content with what is gathered to your hands . A Character or Description of the Roguish Professors of that mysterious and Diabolical Gibberish called Canting . UNdoubtedly there were Rogues and Villains before ever this speech was invented , for whilst the world was in swadling cloaths , we read of men that acted very horrid and vile pranks , such as for their infamy are so registred , as never to be forgotten whilst the world indures ; and since evil example is more prevalent then good Precept , who knows but the wicked seeds of their lewd actions have been transimitted to posterity , by which means we have such an infinite increase of all manner of Villany , the Actors whereof I verily believe are much more notorious then heretofore , showing much more ingenuity in their Roguery than in ●imes past . I shall begin to speak of the first I have read of , which were the Founders or first publick Professors of Canting , and I find their names male , thus recorded . An Vpright Man A Ruffler An Angler A Rogue A Prigger of Prancers A Palliard A Frater A Quire Bird Mumpers Ben-Feakers An Abram Man A Whip-Jack A Patrico An Irish Toyl A Swigman A Kinchin Cove Clapperdogeons Of all which according to the best light I have received , I shall endeavour to give you an account ; the first that falls in my way , is The Vpright Man. THis was a name antiently used for the Principal of this Stroling , Maunding and Prigging Crew , and he was elective ; when this Upright man dyed ( which was seldome otherwise then on the Gallows , ) then all of this cursed Fraternity meant an appointed place , and their chose the lustiest stoutest Rogue in the whole pack , to be their chief Leader , whom they called Upright man ; and as the Women loved him for his great limbs , whose bodies must be at his devotion when ever he uncontroulably , so the Men had him in particular esteem , in that he was more a Rogue than any , and could when he sate as President of their Coursel , in great extremity , direct them best how to secure themselves from Justices , Constables , and other Officers ; and find out , and contrive notorious plots how they might ab●se the Country by filching and stealing , to the further continuance of their loathsome Bestiality ; This fellow carries a shor● Truncheon in his hand , which he calls his Filch-man ; whatsoever is gotten by the whole Society he shares in it . This Upright man shall sometimes have in company with him , young and old , males and females , to the number of forty and upwards , and for the ease of some of the women and children , shall have an Ass or two , or some poor Jade which shall carry a pair of Panniers for the women as they grow weary by travail to put their children in them , which smell more rank then stale fish in Summer time coming from Yarmouth to Norwich in a pair of Dossers . Some of the Gang are very ●dly clad with bells , and long sticks with ribbonds hanging at the end ●angling , with many other mad contrived toyes , meerly to draw the Country people about them wherever they came , and by pretending to tell For●unes get some mony of the foolish , by way of gift , and some by pic●ing of pockets . To be sure wherever they came , the poultry and sucking pigs went to wrack , neither did Lambs , Sheep , and Calves escape their hands , if they had any convenience to effect their purpose ; all which they handle more severely than a Malefactor having broke Prison and retaken by the Keeper of Newgate . If a Goose come among hem , they have a trick to make him so wife , as never to be taken for a Goose again . Having seized the Prey , they leave the bloody part to be acted by their Morts or Women ; who are so accustomed to nastiness , that when they have drest their Geese and Hens as well as possibly they can , you may then swear those Birds are foul . The end of some large Heath or Fir-bush , Common under some Covert , as an Hedge or so forth is their Rendezvouz , where having supt after their fashion , a consultation is had how to lie that night , if in the height in the fields or in Hay time under an Hay-cock distributing themselves every one with his Mort as he thinks most convenient ; if it be at the latter end of summer , to avoid cold dews and now and then rain , they then apply themselves to some outlying Barn , and if the owner should discover them he is fearful of molesting them , lest they do him a greater mischief , by making his straw-thatcht Mansion too hot to hold him : and now by the way give me leave to tell you a Notable story , very pertinent to this purpose . A Crew of Gypsies continuing for some time about one Town in Glocestershire , but divided in the day , though united in the night , all congregated to one appointed place , which was a convenient Barn for their purpose , about an half mile from this Town : Hither they resorted night after night , and in the morning still early got up and separated themselves , looking the Barnes door by the same art they unlock'd it . This Gentlemans Threshers wonder'd still when they came to see the sheafs of Corn so disorder'd and flung here and there , and in the strangest confusion imaginable ; at first they suspected this disorder hapned by their own negligence or forgetfulness , but finding it so for a continued time ; they resolved to acquaint their Master with what they had observed . The Master being informed of what had hapned , would not believe his servants till he had experimented the truth thereof himself ; and thereupon goes to his Barn with his two servants , and there caused them to place before his eyes every sheaf in good order , and so locking the door went home ; the next morning he calls up his Threshers and away he went to the Barn , and there found the sheafs tumbled and scatter'd up and down , as his men had told him ; he very much wonder'd how this should be done , and his Barn door locked ; however , he was resolved to try once more , and so caused the sheafs to be placed in order as formerly , and as formerly he found them the fecond time so disorder'd , any , the third and fourth time ; this somwhat startled him , and coming home , concluded some evil spirit owed him a spight , in thus disordering and spoiling his Corn : The Threshers hearing their Masters judgment of this accident , on the morrow following , instead of going to thresh , their Master coming down from his chamber , finds his men gazing one upon the other in his Hall , whereas he thought they were at the Barn , and demanding the reason hereof ; they freely told him , that since they understood from his own Mouth that he believed the Devil haunted the Barn , the Devil should take the Barn ere they would be so mad to bear him Company ; The Gentleman smiled at their ridiculous fears ; and to depose them utterly of any such belief , produced several good arguments , that it could not be , and so prevalent they were , as to perswade them to go to the Barn , with this proviso , he would go with them and stay there an hour , agreed it was and away they went , where as before they found all things in the like disorder , this made the poor fellows scratch the head , not knowing what was best to be done ; at length the Master incouraging them , to work they went the Master standing by his full hour and so went home ; he was scarce got within the doors but his men at his heels , and so out of breath that they gaped for air to keep them alive , like a fish out of his proper Element . The Gentleman seeing them in this strange posture began to be in as much amazement as they were ; the good Gentlewoman his Wife coming out accidentally , and seeing the Husband and his two men in this gaping staring posture , knew not what to think , but concluded them mad or possest by some foul fiend , till she asked one of them what he made there ; Why forsooth ( quoth he ) you would not believe our Barn was haunted , but now I will swear it , for if ever any body saw the Devil I am sure we did , I was never scared so in my life with a broad face , a crooked nose and a pair of Goggle eyes . It seems as soon as their Master was gone , a very large dark gray Owle that sate upon a Beam just over against them , was upon the merry pin , or had a mind to be mer●ily disposed , sell a hooting and hollowing after a very extravagant rate , sometimes hissing ; sometimes snapping , and ( I know not what joyful crochet got into his noddle ) then fell to a loud hooping ; the men that before thresht in fear , were now scared out of their wits , 't was enough for them they saw a blackish thing with a broad glouting Countenance , sitting on a Beam , hooting at them , which made them thus betake themselves to their heels , each of them bidding the Devil take the hindmost . The report of these fellows alarm'd the Town , possessing many with a belief that this might be a truth as to the haunting the Barn. A bold fellow in the Town , and one that had been a Trumpeter , makes his address to the owner of the Barn , desiring his leave to lie in the Barn one night ; it was granted by the Gentleman with thanks ; and the Trumpeter went that very night to the Barn with his Trumpet , and locking the Barn to him , placed himself in a corner thereof convenient for his observation . About the usual time of these Gypsies repairing to the Barn , which was somewhat late , they came and enter'd the Barn , every one endeavouring to settle himself as well as he could ; the Trumpeter seeing this , resolv'd to try whether they were Devils or no by their dislike to Musick , and thereupon sounded his Trumpet , at the sound whereof , out ran the Gypsies as the Devil had drove them , and the Trumpeter after sounding , the people there about ran out to know what was the matter that a Trumpet should be sounded at that time of night ; the Trumpeter informed them that he had conjured the Devils out of the Barn they had so haunted , and that they might now dispose of them as they pleased , whereupon they seized as many as they could and securing them till next morning , by a Justice they were order'd to be whipt out of Town : thus with my story I have ended my discourse concerning an Vprightman ; the next we are to take cognizance of , is A Ruffler . A Ruffler ever goes under the pretence of a maimed Soldier , if he stroles the Country , he lets not a Gentlemans house escape , having a Catalogue of them all along as he goeth for his more convenient calling upon them , he carrieth in his pocket ( for the help of his memory ) a List of the old Commanders in the late Civil Wars which were noted Royalists , neither is he ignorant of some of their brave actions ; he singles out the Heirs of such deceased Commanders , and then tells them a formal story , that they had the honor to serve under the Command of their worthy Father in such a Regiment , at such a fight , as Naseby , Edghill , Newberry , Marston-Moor , &c. that in that service he was lamed , that he hath since suffered all the misfortunes of an old Cavalier , and that being unable to work , he is now forced to beg because he scorns to steal ; and thus he goeth from one to another , having a good tongue in his head , and his tale at his fingers ends : but by the way , if he meets Country people coming late from Market , or any other feasable booty , he will not stick to seise it , though he be hanged for his pains ; and thus the Ruffler is metamorphosed into a Low-Pad . If his residence be in the City , then his usual stands are in Lincolns-Inn-Fields or Covent Garden , where he scorns to beg of any under a person of quality , and then nimbly hops or stumps to a Coach side , beseeching their Honors to commiserate the pittiful condition of a great sufferer for his Majesty , and hath the impudence in a commanding way to crave an Alms , if he is denied , he shakes the head and crys , 'T is a sad thing that an old cripled Cavalier should be suffer'd to beg for a Maintenance , and a young Cavalier that never heard the whistle of a bullet should ride in his Coach. If he seeth a Gentleman coming that is his constant customer , he very civilly vaileth his bonnet , without asking a Farthing , and this stops my Gentleman more forceably than all the important prayers of a wide mouthed clamorous mendicant ; having received his boon , he pronounceth as many blessings as will stand between Temple-Bar and Westminster ; for the cunning Rogue knoweth this to be the way to incourage him the more to a contribution hereafter . I have been credibly informed that these Covent-Garden Rufflers have their Quarter Customers , and will never call on their Benefactors till their full time of payment be expired , and then wherever they meet them , they will not let them be quiet till they have discharged that which by custome they claim as a due debt : these Rogues get a great deal of money , and some of them spend it as freely , as for example , I knew a Gentleman a good Benefactor to one of these Rufflers who had been at Speerings Ordinary , and having lost all his money , going home one Saturday in the Evening , was accosted by his Pentioner , a subtle Ruffler , who perceiving his Masters countenance somwhat cloudy , ask'd him boldly what was the matter with him ; the Gentleman slighting his question , bid him be gone for a saucy fellow ; nay , be not angry , quoth the Ruffler , you have been at play I will lay my life on 't and lost your Money that you are so pettish ; what then , said the Gentleman ? What then , quoth the Ruffler , why never trouble your self , I will lend you fifty pieces , if you will come and dine with me to morrow . This strangely surprized the Gentleman , who to try the truth of what he heard , promis'd him , he would dine with him : according to the time and place appointed by the Ruffler , the Gentleman came ; the house was very poor to outward view , but within very neat and handsome , a cloath was spread , but could not perceive the least spark of fire whereby any meat could be dressed ; whilst he was musing to himself on the entertainment he was like to have , in came the Wife with a large Sir-Loyn of Beef , the Son with two Stubble Geese in a dish , the Daughter with a stately Turky , and a Servant Maid with a very large Tart ; look you Sir , said the Ruffler , this is all the cheat you are like to have , wherefore fall to ; the Gentleman had much a doe , to perswade the Father , the Daughter should sit down , but with much importunity it was granted : I heard him say , though his appetite was as keen as a Turkish Scymiter , yet he forgot to eat , his mind running on other flesh , such as he protested exceeded , in his opinion , all that he had ever seen before , such was this Maidens beauty , not set off with any artificial imbellishments , but naturally shining in its own Orb ; and least her person should be despised , by reason of the baseness of her Fathers profession , she was Gentilely clad , but better adorn'd within with the most approved principles of a good education , befitting so good a Genius . Wine both French and Spanish was not wanting ; and Dinner being ended , to be as good as his word or better , the Ruffler lent the Gentleman fifty Guynnyes , on this condition , he would not divulge the kindness received . There is a story somwhat like this of the blind Beggar of Bednall-Green , but how true I cannot tell , but this relation carrieth so much of truth in it , that thereon I will pawn my reputation . Of Anglers . ANglers are so called , because they have a Rod or Stick with an Iron hook at the end of it , with which they Angle in the night at Windows or any other place in which they cannot convey their hand , where all is fish to them that comes to net ; in the day time they beg from house to house to spy best where to plant their designs , which at night they put in execution ; I shall speak more of this Angler when I come to Discourse of the Runner . Of Rogues . THe very name of Rogue denotes the nature ; it is a general title , and appertains to all such who are of dissolute lives and conversations ; such who scorning both the Laws of God and man , care not what they act or perpetrate , so they may add to the increase of their sensuality and beastly manner of living . Any criminal whose actions are cognizable by the Law may come under the denomination of a Rogue , as Gilts , Shoplifts , Files , Bulkers , Runners , Padders , Booth-heavers , Vouchers and the like . All these have their particular Societies , and Confederacies , and they are so linked together that they seldome seperate till they hang together . If one be in Prison the rest relieve him , wherefore they seldome discover one another , for they are sworn , if one is taken not to betray the rest ; and this Oath they keep inviolably , though all others they break . They have their several Wenches , and several places of meeting , where whatsoever they unlawfully obtain they spend , and whatsoever they spend is to satisfie their unsatisfied lust ; wallowing in all manner of debauchery , converting the night into day and the day into night , damning and sinking being four parts in five their discourse ; and the rest of their pastime , drinking and whoring . Their company is dangerous , their lives detestable , and their ends miserable . VVild Rogues . THis term or appellation is obsolete , and now a days not in use . Wild Rogues were formerly such who were begotten by very Rogues , such who had been burnt in the hand or shoulder , or been whipt at the Carts arse , whose Mothers had been frequent in Bride-well , and oftner in Newgate : these in their swadling clouts are marked for Villains ; and are then taught all manner of Roguery as other children are taught to read . First , To go into Churches or great Crowds and to nim golden buttons off mens Cloaks , and being very little are show'd how to creep into Cellar-Windows , or other small entrances , and in the night to convey out thereat whatever they can find , to the thieyish Receivers , who wait without for that purpose ; and somtimes do open the door to let in such who have designed to rob the house ; if taken , the tendernes of their age makes an apology or an excuse for their fault , and so are let alone to be hang'd at riper years . Priggers of Prancers . PRiggers of Prancers , are Horse-stealers ; for Prig is to Steal , and Prancer is an Horse ; these Rogues seldome go without a light Briddle in their pockets , and a small pad Saddle , which they can easily carry in their breeches , and being inform'd by their Spies abroad where good horses run at Grass , in the dead of the night will take them up in a moment , and will as soon steal an Horse as another look over the Hedg . If they fear to be discovered by the Field-keeper , then two or three of them will go together and boldly attack him , and having worsted him , bind and gag him , and so effect their purpose , and will be far enough off , by break of day , from being overtaken ; the nearest Fair is then inquir'd after , where with all imaginable speed they sell their stoln Horses . I have heard of some of these Priggers of Prancers that have been such notable Artists , as that they could change the colour of an Horses Cote , or make an artificial star in an Horses forehead , which should last a considerable while , by which means the eyes of the right Owner have been so blinded , that he knew not his own Horse when he saw him : Nay , when they have been confident that they have found their stoln Horse , and by several remarkable tokens are assured thereof ; yet the artificial star in the forehead hath immediately spoiled that belief ; and so have seen their own Horses sold before their own faces and toled , having always some notorious Rogue as himself to vouch for him . This puts me in mind of a notable Story of a Serving-man , who was pickt up by a pack of Rogues in the stteets and drilled into a Tavern , where having drank very high , they all took an opportunity to leave the Serving man for the Reckoning ; this poor man finding himself pawn'd . and not having so much money to discharge the reckoning , watcht his opportunity , and so gave the house the slip also ; three days after his Master appointed a dinner at this very Tavern , his man used all the argument he could for to divert him from it , alledging there was bad Wine , ill Attendance , and the like ; but all would not prevail , but that thither he went according to the appointed time ; Dinner being on the Table , the Master of the House was invited up for the sake of his good company , being a very jolly and facetious man , at whose approach the Serving-man knew not what to do . and had but one slender shift to keep him from being discovered , which he did by shutting one of his eyes as if he had been blind , and so continued keeping it shut whilst he serv'd at table ; the Vintner stared him so much in the face that his Master took notice thereof , and askt him why he gazed so much on his man ; your pardon Sir , said the Vintner , if I say that your man is as like a fellow that cheated me of an eighteen shilling reckoning as ever I saw in my life , and I would swear that he is the same but that this wants an eye , and the other had his sight perfect . At this the Master askt his man how he came to be thus suddenly blind , having lost an eye in less than an hours time ; at which the man replied , being a notable crafty fellow , that if his Master would be pleased to forgive him , he would tell him the whole truth ; his Master granted it , and hereupon the Serving-man inform'd him , how he had been deluded by a pack of Knaves , and how to secure himself , was forced to make his escape ; that to conceal himself from the Vintners knowledg he had found out that stratagem of winking with one eye ; the Master was so well pleased with the story , that he pay'd the Vintner what was left to pay , and the Vintner was so well pleased to have reocived a debt so desperate , that he gave the Serving-man a crown , to help to open his eye again . But our Priggers Metamorphosing of beasts is much more undiscoverable , by which means they frequently steal and safely sell other mens Horses ; but let them have a care ; the pitcher goes not so often to the well , but that it comes home broken at last . Of Palliards or Clapperdogeons . THese Palliards or Clapperdogeons are Beggars born , who have their Morts in the streets , with children , either of their own , or borrowed ones , lying about them on straw ; and in this manner they beg , and with these they beg , extracting thereby the greater pitty ; these jades know how to screw their faces into what pittiful posture they please , and have melting words at their fingers ends ; as For Gods sake bestow your Charity on these poor Fatherless Children ; My Husband was kill'd at Sea , and I being sick and unable to work , am ready to starve , with these poor Infants ; by these and the like expressions , with the cryes of the children , which she forceth them to , by pinching or otherwise , she picks up a great deal of money , whilst he : Comrogue lies begging in the fields with Clymes ●r artificial Sores . The way they commonly take to make them is by Spere-wort or Arsnick , which will draw blisters ; or they take unslaked Lime and Soap , mingled with the rust of old Iron , these being well tempered together , and spread thick on two pieces of leather , they apply to the leg , binding it thereunto very hard , which in a very little time will fret the skin so , that the flesh will appear all raw , then they take blood and rub it over the leg , which being fully dried makes the leg appear black , letting the seeming sore peep out of some holes out of the Matterish clouts that are wrapt about it . I saw a fellow not long since sitting by the road side , on a Mudwall in the way to Islington ( this was his constant stand on Sabbath days , there being at that time the greatest concourse of people if the Weather be fair ) I say this fellow had one hand tied up in a white cloath , and pinned to his breast , his cloaths were indifferent good , but had a better face by much , I mean an honest harmless look , and seemed so bashful and modest that he beg'd of none but with his pale face and pittiful looks : and this way of begging prov'd more prevalent then the bawling of two or thre fellows that lay a little above him on the ground , with grievious sore legs , seemingly not able to stand or go of them . I observ'd this fellow several times in this very place , not imagining this silent Counterfeit was of the Society of those clamorous Rogues who lay nigh him , till one day having an occasion to go o● ver to the bank-side , in a Garden house , there did I see this lame handed fellow with the other confederate Cripples playing at Nine pins as nimble as a Squirrel in a Bell-Cage . I took no notice of them at that time , no more then what my ears suffer'd by the hideous din of their execrable Oaths ; not being longer able to be near them , I return'd home , resolving to take the first opportunity to detect these Rogues . Wherefore I went with two or three more to the place according to the usual time where these Beggars took up their stand to beg , and approaching my modest silent Mumper , I askt him what ailed his hand , or how he came by that lameness ? To tell you the truth Sir , said he , I am a poor Translator , or Cobler commonly called , and one day it was my mischance , ( and then the tears stood in his eyes ) as I was working , to run the Awl quite through my hand ; neglecting it , it fester'd , so that now it is in a sad condition , and not being able to work , I am ready to starve , having sold all my little stock already , either to cure my hand , or maintain my self , but now all is gone . Alas poor man , said It let me see your hand for I am a Chyrurgeon . O Sir , cry'd the fellow , I shall die instantly if you open ie . Hereupon I grasped his pretended sore hand very hard , and told him I would see it ; at which he roar'd as if he had been on the Dutch Rack at Amboyna ; which noise gathered abundance of people about us , and every one condemning my hard-heartedness , till I told them what a cheat he was , and bid them if they would nor credit me , yet believe their own eyes , and so opened his hand , which was sound and not hurt in the least . Now good people secure this fellow , and you shall see I will discover more of the Gang yonder ; the Cripples that lay a little way off hearing me say so , got up , and prov'd such excellent footmen , notwithstanding their pretended lameness , that though several followed them , yet none could come nigh them ; which caused so great a laughter , with shooting , that one would have thought the People half distracted . This fellow whom I had caused to be secured was carried before a Justice , and from thence to Bridewell , where he received the severe lash for his abominable hypocrisie . A Story much like this I have heard of , done in Dorsetshire . Once a year at a place called Woodberry-hill , on the top thereof is kept a Fair , and because it is somewhat considerable , thither resort the Beggars all round the Country , lying at the bottom of the hill begging in heaps . An arch Crack that had observed what counterfeit Rogues the major part of these were , went to the top of the hill , and unpinning a wheel took it off and brought it to the brow of the Hill , which was very high and indifferently steep , and crying out to the Beggars below , have at ye blind Harpers , le ts the Wheel go , hereupon the Counterfeit cut the strings to their counterfeit lame legs , and ran for it , and those that had not the time for it , roled one over other , and by this confusion ( which was the most pleasant and comical sight could be seen ) their Knavery was discovered losing the benefit of that present Fair , and many more afterwards . More might be said of the Clapperdogeon , but let this suffice . Of Fraters . FRaters are such , who with a Counterfeit Patent , beg for some Hospital or Spittle-house , or they are such who pretend to have Patents for Briefs , and have hereby within these few years , most intollerably cheated the Country , and in the conclusion have brought their heads to the Pillory . Of Quire Birds . QVire Birds are such who have sung in the With , the Naskin ; that is , Newgate , Bridewell , or some Country Goal , who having got loose fall to their old trade of Roguing and Thieving again , for indeed when once their hand is in , they seldome give out , till they overtake the Gallows . Of Abram Men. ABram Men are otherwise called Tom of Bedlams ; they are very strangely and antickly garb'd with several coloured Ritb●nds or Tape in their hat , it may be instead of a Feather , a Fox tail hanging down a long stick with ribbonds streaming and the like ; yet for all their seeming madness , they have wit enough to steal Poultry as they go , and will have his change of Wenches , oftner than people change their Linnen . Of Whip Jacks . WHip-Jacks are Counterfeit Mariners , who talk of nothing but Fights at Sea , Pyracies , Drownings , and Shipwracks ; they have alwaies a Counterfeit Pass or License which they call a Gybe , and the Seals thereunto Jarkes ; under this pretence they strole the Country , begging as they go , possessing the People with strange beliefs of their great losses , and that they onely beg to supply their necessities in their way home ; and for their own certain supply , they will not stick to heave a Booth ; that is rob a Booth at a Fair , or in some by road rob an house , playing other very notorious prankes . These Rogues have learned their Sea terms by which they have cheated such as have been very expert in Sea-affairs , The Whip-Jack carrie●h his Mort or Wench with him too , which he pr● to be his Wife , whom he miraculously saved in th● Ship-wrack , although all his children were drown'd splitting on a Rock near the Lands end coming from the West-Indies with such like forgeries ; but I have known these discovered too , to be cheats , and being brought to the Whipping post have been severely lasht for their pains . Of Mumpers . MVmpers are both Male and Female , a Gentiler sort of Beggars , for they scorn to beg for food , but money or cloaths , the money they lay out to pamper the gut , and the cloaths they sell to reimburse the pocket . The Male Mumper in the times of the late Usurpation , was cloathed in an old t●rn Cassock begirt with a girdle , with a black cap , and a white one peeping out underneath ; with a formal & 〈◊〉 countenance he steals up to a Gentleman and whispers him softly in the ear , that he is a poor sequestred Parson , that he hath four small children with a siek wife , all ready to perish . Sometimes he appaared in the habit of some decayed Gentleman , and then he pretends what a great sufferer he hath been for his Majesty , but lately come our of Gaol , and not a penny to help himself . Sometimes he appears with an apron before him , and a cap on his head , and begs in the rature of a Broken Tradesman , who having been a ●ong time sick , hath spent all his remaining stock , and so weak he cannot work . The Female Mumpers , with a torn black hood and scarfe , will go confidently to an house , and knock at the door , demanding to speak with the Mistress of the house , where after an Apology made for her boldness , she acquaints her how urgent her necessity is ; having an husband very sick , with two small children , ready to give up the Ghost ; that she was born a Gentlewoman , but marrying against her friends consent , she was by them thrown off and disowned , and so by her husbands sikness reduced to this miserable condition . Sometimes she appears as if big with child , and so begs cloaths or linnen to make clouts : She is very busie in the Palace-Ya●d in Terme-time ; but if she be young , tollerably handsome , and she find Charity grow cold , she will endeavour to repair her pretended misfortune by night-walking . There is yet one gentiler sort of Mumper than any yet named , of which qualification I never knew but two ; these had their horses , and agreed between themselves as to their particular tidings . Their business was to inquire out among Book-sellers small Treatises not long printed , yet unsaleable , of which they would buy a quantity of a sort for waste paper or little more , and having drawn up or caus'd to be drawn , a general Epistle Dedicatory , they left space at top to insert the name and dignities of the Person they intended to dedicate the book unto , carrying Letters and Ink with them , which they speedily did print , and tollerably enough for that purpose ; the Epistle was printed before , so that they need add nothing but the name and dignities . I have heard them confess they had from the meanest Donor , thrice the value of what the book was sold for at first , and most commonly six-fold . Their travelling time was in the Summer , wherein they got so much to keep them drunk all the Winter , but they being deceased , I believe the Trade dyed with them . Of Dommerars . Dommerars or Dummerars , are such who counterfeit themselves dumb , and have a notable art to rowl their tongues up into the roof of their mouths , that you would verily believe their tongues were cut out , and to make you have the stronger belief thereof , they will gape and show you where it was done , clapping in a sharp stick , and touching the tongue make it bleed , and then the ignorant dispute it no farther . Of Jack-men . Jack-men are such who can both write and read , who make counterfeit Licenses and Passes , for which he is well rewarded for his labour and pains . Of Patrico's . PAtrico's are the Strolers Priests , every Hedge is his Parish , and every wandring Rogue and Whore his Parishoners ; the service he saith is the marrying of couples , without the Gospel , or Book of Common-prayer , the solemnity whereof is thus . The parties to be married find out a dead horse , or any other Beast , and standing one on the one side and the other on the other , the Patrico bids tham live together till death them part , and so shaking hands the wedding is ended . Of Irish-Toyls , or Swig Men. THese Irish Toyls , or Swig-men , being much alike , I joyn them together , who carry pins , points and laces , and such like wares about ; who under the pretence of selling such commodities , commit many Rogueries ; I know not what to think of Tour old Shooes , or old Boots , will you buy my Brooms ? When the Brooms are sold , that long staff they carried them on would serve to knock a man down , with very much ease ; and Have you any old suits , hats or cloaks , may make that profession a good cloak to hide and cover stoln goods . Of Kynchen Coes. KYnchen Coes are little children whose Parent are dead , having been Beggars or else young Boys , such as have ran away from their Master , and instead of a Trade to live by , follow this hind of life to be lowsie by . The first thing these Kynchens are taught is Canting , then Thieving , and at last Hanging . But before they come to take the heighth oe Tyburn , where the Pole is elevated so many degrees , they sail many times along while in the troubled Ocean of sad disasters , wherein they meet with nothing but Sorms and Tempests , raised by the Hurricans of their own irregular actions ; sometimes ready to fouader in the large and dangerous Sea of Paddington , and continually ready to split against the dreadful Rocks of Newgate , or Bridewell . The Female and antient Professors of the Art of Canting , were ranked under these seven heads ; Glymmerers . Bawdy-Baskets . Autem-Morts . Strowling Morts . Doxies . Dells . Kynchin-Morts . Of Glymmerers . THe Glymmerers are such as ●●vel up and down with Licenses to beg , under the pretence that they have lost all by fire : they have their tears at command , which they pour out in abundance , at the sad relation of their great losses , telling a lamentable story , how the fire consumed their Barns , Stabies , and Out-houses , and what excellent goods they had which were destroyed therein ; these Glymmerers are defended by Upright-men , who use not to walk with them , but keep aloof . Of Bawdy-Baskets . BAwdy-Baskets are such who walk about with Baskets on their arms , wherein are pins , needles , and laces ; and in this number some of your band-string women may come in , who are alwaies taking great pains with their hands in the day , and with their breeches at night . Of Autem Morts . AVtem-Morts are such who are married , having always children with them , one in the arms , and another at the back , and sometimes leading a third in the hand . You are not to ask what Church she was married in , or by what Parson , as long as a To●●demallion shall swear he will justifie himself the● husband , before any Justice of Peace in England , talk to him of a Certificate , and you were a●good call him Son for a Whore. Of Strowling-Morts . STrowling-Morts are such as pretend to be Widdows , travelling about from County to County , making laces upon ●aves , as Beggars tape , or the like ; they are subtil Queans , hard-hearted , light-singred , hypocritical and dissembling , and very dangerous to meet , if any Ruffler or Rogue be in their company . Of Doxies . DOxies are neither Wives , Maids , nor Widdows ; they will for good Victuals , or for a very small piece of Money prostitute their bodies , and then protest they never did any such thing before , that it was pure necessity that now compell'd them to do what they have done , and the like , whereas the Jades will prove common : Hacknies upon every slight occasion : they are dexterous in picking of pockets , which they mind most when they find the mans thoughts most imployed on somewhat else ; they are destructive Queans , and oftentimes secret Murtherers of the Infants which are illegitemately begotten of their bodies . Of Dells . DElls are young bucksome Wenches , ripe , and prone to Venery , but have not yet lost their Maiden-heads , which is commonly done first by the Vprightman , and then they are free for any of the Brotherhood . Of Kynchin-Morts . KYnchin-Morts are Girles of an Year or two old , which the Morts their Mothers carry at their backs in slates or sheets ; if they have no children of their own , they will steal or borrow them from others . Let this suffice of what I have spoken of the old Professors of the Art of Canting ; I shall now proceed and give you a short Character , with the names of such as are the late Professors hereof . The High-Pad . The Low-Pad . The Gilt. The Budge . The Ken-Miller . The Huff , or Hector . The Pimp . The File . The Bulker . The Moon-Curser . Women . The Bawd. The Shop-list . The Stroler . The Whore. The Diver . The Night-Walker . LEt me take them in Order , and first for the High-Pad , or Knight of the Road ; Before he 〈◊〉 this dangerous enterprize in hand , he first ●urni●heth himself with a good Horse , Sword and Pistols , with supernumerary killing Instruments , if need require ; And thus equipt , sometimes singly , but most commonly in company with others , he robs all he can meet with : his usual times for scouring the Roads , is when the Sun begins to decline , and the place of soure , yet advantagious for the prospect of the eye , so that it may quickly discern approaching booties ; thus enriching their own condition by the ruine of others , each honest mans los● being these Rogues gain . They have a Vizard-Mask and Perruke to disguise themselves therewith , and by that means obscure themselves from the knowledge of such as are constrained to pay them an unwilling Tribute . Nay , they have a trick to alter their voice , so that as their habit , face and hair are helps to their nondiscevery ; so their speech ( which one should think ) is undisguisable , adds very much to their concealment and security . When they meet with a prize upon the Road , they have a Watch-word among themselves , which is no sooner pronounced , but every one falls to his work . This is the general rule they have among them , the strongest and best at grasp seize first ; the weaker only bid stand at first , and afterwards fall in according as occasion requires ; the instructions given them , is to catch the bridle by the left hand , and to have the sword in the right ; if any opposition be made to cut soundly , and if likely to be over-powred , to kill as fast as they can , and then either with booty or without , to fly with all expedition . If they are pursued by an Hue and Cry , they were wont to obscure themselves in some place or other , and let it pass by them . How much the Roads of late have been pester'd by them is unknown to few , notwithstanding so many of them have been taken and Executed at Tyburn ; Now to the intent you may be wary of them , take these following safe and wholsome Instructions . First , If you are about to take a Journy , conceal the time as near as you can , and the charge you intend to carry with you ; it is a Custome no less common then indiscreet , for persons to blaze abroad among their reputed friends , the time of their intended departure , and out of meer vain-glory , tell what sum of money they carry with them ; this hath been often times the cause of their being way-laid , for there is not so found a Flock of Sheep , but there may be one scabby , so in a Society one Judas , that for gain to share a fourth of the prize , will betray a man to these Bully-Ruffins of the Road. Secondly , When you come into your Inn , have a care you discover nothing of your concern to the Hostler , Chamber lain or Host himself ; the two first are commonly bribed , or are in Pention with the High-Pad , and the last in expectation of a share , or good store of Money spent in his house profusely , will either from your own mouth voluntarily , or by pumping , endeavour to discover where the booty lieth , and how much , and information instantly given to the High-Pad . Be not easily perswaded to associate your self with Strangers on the Road , but rather endeavour to shun such as are too forward to press into your company ; if you have a suspition of such company , lag a little behind ; and if you see them halt also before , by alighting or otherwise , provide for your safety with what speed you can . Suspect all those that disguise themselves in any manner , by throwing a long Cloak over there shoulders , wearing a Vizard Mask , false be ard , Perruke , &c. Or if they have none of these disguises , yet still appead suspitious , look their full in the face , and if they turn their heads aside being unwilling to be viewed by you ; this is an infallible mark of an High-way man : there are many more marks to discover these Desperado's , by which I omit , because they will take up too much time in the Description . I shall therefore give you some instructions for your safety in Travelling : If you ride with a considerable Charge , choose rather to Travel by night then by day ; for this is held as an undeniable truth among these Catter-pillars , that none will ride by night that are worth the robbing : besides , these High-way men in prudence take up their Inn betimes , to avoid the suspition of being accounted and apprehended for Rogues by being abroad so late . Choose when you travel , the By-Roads ; for your High-way men generally select the Roads which are most common and beaten , that they may have their choise of booties , and not streightned in their prize . If you are five or six in Company , keep a considerable distance one from the other when you come to some noted place for Robbery , and do not huddle all together ; this will conduce much to your safety , for by this means the Pads will be affraid to assault you thus stragling , least one or other escape and so raise the Country : What else hath been or may be said of this Subject , I shall refer you to the first part of the ENGLISH ROGVE ; wherein you may be more fully informed . I shall conclude this discourse of them , with this Padding-Song . A Padding Song . I Keep my Horse , I keep my Whore , I take no Rents , yet am not Poor , I Travel all the Land about , And yet was born to ne'r a foot . With Partridg plump , and Wood-cock fine I do at Midnight often dine , And if my Whore be not in case , My Hostess Daughter has her place . The Maids fit up and watch their turns , If I stay long the Tapster mourns , The Cook-maid ha's no mind to fin , Though tempted by the Chamberlin . But when I knock , O how they bustle , The Hostler yawns the Goldings justle , If th' Maid but sleep , O how they curse her , And all this comes of Deliver your purse Si● . Of the Low Pad . A Low-Pad is a base Sheep-stealing half-penny Rogue ; the lowness and meanness of whose Spirit will stoop for two shillings , though he hang for his pains . He is not of ability to ride on Horse-back , and therefore skulks under hedges in the Road , and with a long Pole knock a man down as he rides along , or immediately and suddenly starts out from his covert , and seizing the bridle another comes and dismounts him , and so rob him . The Fields about the Suburbs of the City , in Winter-season , use to be very much pester'd with these Vermin , these dangerous Villains : the most noted places are between Anniseed-Clear and Newington , between Hollow-way and Islington , between the Pinner of Wakefield and Kentish-Town , between Red-Lyon Fields and Totnam-Court , and lastly , Woods-Close hath been very remarkable for these pilfering Rogues , skulking and lying up and down in ditches , and like Quails calling on one the other with a sharp and loud return they will answer each others shrill whistle ; this they do to give notice to each other where they lie , so that they may commodiously join with each other in the assaulting of any person they intend to rob . They make choice of Winter Evenings , as most convenient to obscure their dark purposes . Of the Gilt. THe Gilt is one that going into a Tavern or Ale-house , no room below stairs will serve his turn , and therefore is showed room above ; he carrieth his friend with him , or more , as occasion shall require . Being mounted aloft , he peeps into this room , and that , if he espies no body in the way , he will boldly adventure in , and with his Gilts ( from whence he takes his name ) he will readily find out ( by frequent practice ) one that shall fit any Lock , whither Trunk , Desk , Cabinet or Chest , and if he have time will ( very civily ) lock them with the same instruments he opened them ; having done their business , away they rub to some other place , till they are discovered , and so sent to the Nubbing cheat for their art and ingenuity . Of the Budge . THe Budge by some is termed a Runner : his employment is in the dark of the Evening , to go into any door that he seeth open , and boldly entring the house , takes whatever next cometh to hand , and marcheth off therewith ; if he meets any upon his entrance , they shall not need to ask him what business he cometh about , for he will instantly ask whether such a Gentleman be within , if an answer be returned they know no such person ; he will straightways crave their pardon , saying , he was mistaken in the house , and will not stay to hear any reply ; but if he meets with no opposition , his confidence will carry him three pair of stairs , though he is sure for his labour to come down by the Rope . The Ken-Miller . HE is a fellow that waits any opportunity to commit Burglary , he never goes alone , unless now of late time , wherein these Rogues have found out new ways to rob houses , that is by getting in to new built houses unfinished , through which they get into the Gutters of other houses inhabited , and so consequently into the Windows thereof , and so convey what they get either out of the Garrets , and other Rooms lower down , as far as they durst venture : This course these Rogues take as soon as the day is shut in , and sometimes sooner ; but the other House-breakers watch their opportunity in the dead of the night ; who have an Instrument they call a Betty , with which in a moment they will force open any door , at which entring they instantly Gag and Bind all in the house , and so march off with their booty ; but let them act ever so warily , these pranks help them to break their necks at last . The Huff . THe Huff heretofore usually kept his Whore , which upon a plotted occasion must acknowledg her self his wife , who having drawn in some young man to lie with her , gives intelligence thereof to the Hector , who watcheth the minute , catcheth them in the act ; and with threats and God knows what , frightens the young man into a compliance of recompencing the injury , either by present satisfaction or by a Bond or so forth ; but this hath been so notoriously and commonly used , that this practice is obsolete and quite out of fashion . Ye● still he hath a being , though his way of living be somwhat different , for now he at first sets up by taking a purse on the Road , which not only puts him in stock , but furnisheth him with good apparel , that may qualifie him to keep Gentile Company , as occasion shall offer . He understands a Dye very well , and well he may ; for , for some years that he was a Foot-boy , or so , there was not an hour in the day past in which he did not exercise his hand with the Dice , either for naughty half-pence , or Coffee-pence when fortune smil'd , or else by himself , that he might the better cope with his livery Companions , Lace-coated Gamesters ; besides , three parts of every nights dream is spent in Come at seven , what chance of the Dye is soonest thrown , in topping , slurring , palming , napping , with how to fix a Die for any purpose . Practising thus , Sleeping and Waking , he becomes an excellent Proficient in all sorts of Gameing by which he endeavours to bubble all he meets with , but if unkind Fortune by meeting with his match hath rob'd him of his Money , he knows where to borrow or steale an Horse with which he may rob the Travailer to Re-instock himself . In short his Cloyster is a Bawdy-House , where all his devotions are tendered . He is a Protector to all distressed Damsels called in our Vulgar Tongue Common Whores , and that he may put a better Gloss on the matter , calleth them Cozens , and swears he will Vindicate their ( Stinking ) reputations with the Hazard of his life , and that he may strike terror into the fearful ; he will draw upon any slight occasion not with an intent to hurt , but to wipe off the suspition of being a Coward : for this he knows that the opinion of Valor is a good Protection to him that dares not use it . In company there is no man more Exceptions and Cholerick , but seldom lets his anger swell into a quarrel ; but hopes by his Huffing to blow over a sound Basting . Yet if he discovers a Coward , he will not rest tell he hath found out some means to quarrel with him , and there must not be expected a reconcilement , till the Gentleman hath given him satisfaction with a Silver sword . No man more constantly imployeth his Brains then this Bully-Huff ; For his life is a dayly invention , and each meal a Stratagem . When his Whores will not or cannot supply him , he borrows of any that will lend him money , which sometimes is lent him , not so much expecting a repayment , as that he will never trouble them more . To conclude with him , his Prayers are in the morning that his Cheats may take effect that day , if not , that he may be Drunk before night ; he sleeps with a Tobacco Pipe in his Mouth , and dreams of nothing but Villany ; and when he dyes it is either on the Gallows , or like Hercules with 〈◊〉 in his Bones . The File and Bulker . THe File was formerly called a Bung-Nipper ! or Cut-Purse because with a short sharp Knife , and an horn Thumb , he would cut a Purse with all ease imaginable ; but since Purses are much out of fashion , the File or Pick-Pocket is a la Mode . It was wonderful with what Dexterity and Celerity they will pick a Watch , Money , or any thing else out of a mans Pocket ; and least they should be detected , and the goods found about them , they have one that attends the Operator who assoon as he hath done his work , immediately conveys what he hath got into the hands of his Comrogue , who trips off with it , so that if they be suspected and searched , there is no such thing with which he is taxed found about him . They have their appointed places to meet where they share . Their Markets are Fairs , Crowds , Churches and places where great store of People resort , the Bulker jastles them up , and the File doth the work . Before the great and dreaful Fire , I heard of a very Spruce File , who took up his stand commonly on Ludgate Hill , there being frequently a great stop of Coaches , if he could not pick the Pockets of those that were on foot , he would pick out the pin of the wheel of that Choach in which he saw none but Gentlewomen , and by their habit those of the better sort ; he would wait on this Coach particularly , for the stop being over as soon as ever the Coach began to move one of the Wheels would drop off , then would he be as officious as might be to hand the Lady 's out , who seldom refused him , he being always well garbed and as with one hand he lifted them , out with the other he drew out what was in their Pockets , sometimes taking away the Watch that hung by their side . I must not forget one notable story of late , which was this . A Tradesman of my acquaintance having some business in the Strand , which required not so much hast but that he made a stop at the Pictures which usually hung out near the Middle Exchange , gazing thereon , a Motherly Woman in good habit came and stood by him , and askt him what such a Picture signifyed , Why ( said he ) its the Story of Noah and his two Daughters ; what is it I pray Sir ( said she , Iustling up closer to him ) I am very deaf pray speak Lowder ; with that the Man to satisfy her curiosity opened his throat to some purpose , Speaking aloud that it was the Representation of Noah being drunk and lying with his own Daughters : Marry is it so , ( said she ) then fie upon them for a couple of Lecherous Queans , and He for an old doting Drunken Coxcomb ; could he find out no body else to do withall but his own flesh and Blood , however Sir I thank you for your information , I have received a great deal of satisfaction from you , and so it seems she had having pickt his Pocket of what Money was therein contain'd . The Moon Curser . THe Moon Curser is generally taken for any Link-Boy ; but particularly he is one that waits at some Corner of Lincolns-Inn-Fields with a Link in his hand , who under the pretence of Lighting you over the Fields , being late and few stiring , shall Light you into a Pack of Rogues that wait for the comming of this Setter , and so they will all joyne in the Robbery . Some of these were found to be Labourers so called , such who wrought all day in the Ruins of the City and were paid by their Master Workmen , and at night found an easier way to pay themselves by lying in the Ruins , and as they saw occasion would drag in People into Vaults and Cellars and there rob them . The Bawd Pimp and Whore. I Put these together because it is pitty to part the Devills Housholdstuf : and indeed she is very much like him , her Envy running Paralel with his : For all that the Devil indeavours to do , is to bring Man-kind into the like state and condition , and the nature of a Bawd is to make all fair Women as foul as her self ; now because their youth perhaps will not admit of it so soon ; she hurries them on to it by degrees ; by the excess of Drink and Smoke , and Venery , and that point by which she indeavors to set off her bad Commodity will in a little time totally ruine . If you visit her house she pretends to have no Drink , but will send for some that she may be sure of your Money ; if you touch her bedding it will infect you , for few comes near it but they are troubled with a fit of the falling Sickness ; but yet this I shall tell you , shall well teach you temperance , not suffering you to have too much Liquor for your Money : If she stays a year in a place she is befriended by the Justices Clerk. The Instruments in chief of a Bawds trade are an Hector or Huff , which seems instead of the Gyant to defend her inchanted Castle from being violated by Knights Errant : The Pimp which brings Grist to the Mill , that is Bawdy Customers to the house , which he picks up under this pretence ; goe along with me and I will show you the fairest Wench in Christendom , or raise a discourse of Bawdry , and then swear , there is not such a Curious fine Sinner in or about the City as there is at such a place , &c. But the Whore is the Main support of the House . The first will not swagger unless he be paid , the next wont procure unless he may Spunge , and have his Leachery for nothing , and the Whore will not ply unless she hath half share of her own Gettings besides a little Snicking by the by . The Market places to which Bawds resort to buy Tools for her Trade are Inns , where she enquires of the Carriers for Servant Maids , and according as they are handsome she Entertains them , and trains them up in the Mysteries of her Occupation , and having qualified them for the Profession of a Prostitute , the Bawd furnisheth them with Butter fly Garments , and other gawdy accoutrements for which she hath three shares , or as much as they can agree about . I am sorry I have fouled my Fingers with such discourse , excuse what is already Writ , if you will be better informed , have a care you do not Entertain the Pox for your Companion ; let me End with this Song . The Park Song . OF late in the Park a fine fancy was seen , Betwixt an old Bawd and a bucksome young Quean , Their parting of money began this uproar , I 'le have half says the Bawd , but you shan't says the Whore. Why 't is my own house , I care not a louse , I 'le have three parts of ●our , or you get not a souse ; 'T is I says the Whore that must take all the pains , And you shall be damn'd e're you get all the gains , The Bawd being vexed straight to her did say , Come off with your Dud's and I pray pack away , And likewise your Ribons , your Gloves , and your Hair , For naked you came , and so out you go bare : Then the Buttocks so bold , Began for to scold , Hurry-Dun was not able her clack for to hold , Both Pell-mell fell to it , and made this uproar , With these complements , thou' rt a Bawd , thou' rt a Whore. The Bawds and the Buttocks that lived there round , Came all to this case , the pockie and sound , To see what the reason was of this same fray , That did so disturb them before it was day ; If I tell you amis , Let me never piss ; This Buttock so bold , her name was call'd Siss , By Quiffing with Cullies three pounds she hath got , And but one part of four , must fall to her lot . Then all the Bawds cry'd , let us turn her out bare , Unless she will yeild to return you half share , If she will not we 'l help to strip off her cloat And turn her abroad with a slit on her Nose . Who when she did see , There was no remedy , For her from the tyrannous Bawds to get free ; The Whore from the money was forced to yield , And in the conclusion , the Bawds got the Field . Of the Shop lift . SHe is most commonly well clad , and one that wants more Grace than Wit ; She hath several large pockets about her , but that which stands her principally instead , is her Gown or Petticoate so tuckt up before that it will contain any thing without falling out : Thus prepared she will boldly goe into a Mercers shop , and there pretend to lay out a great deal of Money , whereas her whole intent is to convey into her lap same Peece of Silk or Sattin which will lie in a little Compass , and that she may the better Facilitate her purpose , she will be very troublesome to the Shop keeper , by causing him to shew her much variety of Commodity , to the intent that what she hath stoln may not be easily mist ; and having sped in one Shop , she will attempt other Shops of a different Profession ; she hath variety of Customers for these stoln Commodities , as Taylors , Piece-Brokers , &c. Where she makes up her Merchandize . Of the Night-Walker and Diver . I Joyne them together as being but one and the same thing ; for she that is a Diver or Pick Pocket is an infallible stroler or Night-Walker . This occupation is contrary to all others , for she opens her Shop windows when all other Tiaders are about to shut them . The night approaching she riggs her self in the best manner she can , with some apparent outward Ensign of her Profession ; having weighed Anchor and quitted her P●rt she steers her course for some one principal street , as Cheap-side or Corn-hill ; with a gentle breese she first sails slowly on the one side , and if she meet nere a Man of War between Snow-Hill and the Poultry , she tacks and stands away for the other side , but if she be a tolerable tight Frigat , she is laid aboard before , made fast with the Grapplings , and presently rummaged in the Whold ; sometimes she sheers off and leaves my Man of War on Fire . You shall know her by her brushing you , staring in your face , often haltings in the street by gazing about her , or looking after some or other she hath brusht ; but the most infallible Sign is asking of Questions , as what is 't a Clock , Or I am a stranger which is my way to such a place . If she is pickt up she will make an hard shift but she will give a man something whereby he shall remember her as long as he lives ; besides it is ten Pound to a penny but she plays the Diver and picks his Pocket . Of the Bawd and whore . THe next sort of Cattell I intend to treat of is the Bawd and Whore , now because the Subject is so copious their being so much Roguery Subtlety and Villany contain'd in the profession of either . Give me leave to inlarge my self hereon , promising you in this discourse not to offend the ears of any modest READERS , but shall indeavour to discover the truth of their wicked and Lascivious practices , described in the ensuing lives of a Crafty Bawd , and a most Notorious Whore. Whom for the better carrying on their History , I shall call the first Mother Craftsby and her Niece Mistress Wheedle . The vicious and Remarkable Lives of Mother Craftsby , and Mistress wheedle . THe World is full of Impostors , and indeed she her self is nothing else but a complicated Cheat : Yet she faine would appear more splendid and better than she is : Men and Women herein contained to imitate several of Natures production , bad men would seem good though their Intentions and Actions tend not to that Center , and that they may palliate their Rogueries , play the Counterfeit with Vertue and Honesty ; Pebbles well cut , and Bristol-Stones by their borrowed or feigned Luster prove the Rivalls to Real Diamonds , and often delude the ignorant , but when judiciously compared they prove but foils to the others true Worth , and their glittering serves only to surprize the ignorant . The constant Standards or Conveyers of light and Virtue are neglected , when short liv'd Meteors ( Spawns of Bogs , and Extracts of Dunghills ) drawn by the Suns resistless power to a great er height then they themselves were capable of attaining , to become the wonder of a gazing Multitude , and so much pride therein that being possest with a strange Phrenzy of Ambition , regard not what they do or suffer , so that they make some bustle in the World. The Persons of whom I do intend my Discourse were solely bent upon this irregular Humour ; Craftsby being now grown Old , the heat of whose youthful blood being by Age now near upon extinguisht , minded her profit only ; and that her Niece Mistress Wheedle might not too violently prosecute her pleasurable inclinations , she stopt them in their career by a watchful Eye and Politick Instructions . The Subtle Bawd was glad to see her towring Spirit to soar above her mean and low born fortune , to the supplying of which defect , she dayly plum'd her head with Ingenious conceits , which in time might be wrought into such deceits as she aim'd at , and so it prov'd for dazled with these false appearances , they both forsook Vertue , the difficult yet the only direct road to Glory , pursuing their satisfactions in the crooked and by-paths of Subtlety and Circumventing all which come with in the verge of their power so to effect their purpose . It matters not to tell you where they were born , neither do I think them half so wise as they should be , who relating the life of a Malefactor contend about the place of his or her Nativity ; some placing it here , others , there , the truest writer in the Moon , although the opinion savors somewhat of Lunacy ; let it suffice that my two female Whipper Snappers , were born in Terra Incognita and travelled to London for profit , cariosity and pleasure . It will be requisite I begin with the life of Mistriss Craftsby , as an introduction to that of Mistress Wheedle , since the former had but just began to act her part on Loves Theater , when the other ( her Niece ) was then as a meer Novice in such Affairs , being but a blossom in the Cyprian Garden . Mistriss Craftsby had a very good natural Genius , quick of apprehension , and though she had a very nimble invention , yet contrary to General observation she had likewise a capacious Memory , its faculties were so retentive she never heard any Ingenious expression once which was not afterwards absolutely her own ; her beauty was not much fam'd though her face was very well featur'd and fashion'd , her stature was middle siz'd , her body plump and fleshy , her hair of a dark brown and an eye as black as a slow , with eye brows so large and thick , that Nature seem'd prodigal in planting thereon so much , that if half could have been transplanted 't would have been more then sufficient to have adern'd the face of some antient Citizen made barren by the coldness of his o're frigid Nature . She very much affected gaudy apparel , and was a great hater of labour and pains taking , the first she could not purchase in the Country , by reason of the poverty of her Relations , labour she was continually exercised in , which made her enter tain so great an aversion to the Country , that nothing could oppose her Resolution of seeing London , and that which hastned her departure , was the insufferable dislike she took to the conversation of her Country Neighbours , there being no proportion between her and their Humours , nor finding any thing agreable in their Rural pastimes . Susans intended departure ( for that was her Christian name ) being generally spread abroad , a universal grief possest the Inhabitants of that Parish wherein she liv'd , but more especially two Young men , the one a Wheel-Right and the other a Serving-Man ; the last followed her to London , and not finding her lost his Wits , and was put into Bedlam , where he trifled away his time in Straw and making Congies to a post instead of his Mistress , till he dyed ; the other was no less forward in the purchasing of his love than the former who went for London also , and missing his Mistress wheel'd off to Sea , whose flames were quencht in the bottom of the Ocean . The time being come for her departure , she mounted on a pack , and sate as if she was riding on a Cammel , in her best Countrey livery , that is to say , she had a straw hat , a green Wastcoat , and red Petticoat , with Hob-naild shoo 's which would strike Fire at every step , the Emblem of what Fire works she would make when she arriv'd at her journeys end . Coming to London , the reputation of a harmless Country-Girle , and a good comely Face , soon introduced her into a service , where having learn'd somewhat more than she understood in the Country , and by her service having gotten good Cloths on her Back , she imagined the place wherein she lived too low to advance her to that height to which her fancy dayly prompted her ; neither were the Amorous pretences and insinvations of her Masters Apprentice able to detain , although the grand Obligation of a promised marriage was contained therein ; I concieve the stay of three Years , was too long for one in her longing Condition . The only place she inquired after was a Merchants House , as creditable in the first place , and next , as there was more probability of advancing her fortunes by matching with some deluded Casheer and she was encouraged to this confidence by the many matches she had heard of in this nature by such who were as full of hopes as she was , of thriving in this kind . A Service she soon got in a House as she desired , which , for external splendor and internal accommodations , was little inferior to any Merchants in the whole City . Here she behaved her self so well , that she gain'd the love and favor of the whole House , and so craftily she counterfeited a becomming modesty that her Masters Casheer entertain'd for her a love within his breast that is not common , the more his Reason indeavored to suppress , it became more Violent , and giving it no vent it was ready to breake that wherein it was Contain'd . She like a cunning Gypsie percieved well the malady of his mind , but would not take the least notice of it , and instead of quenching that over grown flame which she had blown up by her alluring subtle practices , her winning carriage and seeming compliance to every thing he seem'd to desire , added new fewel thereunto dayly . He could now no longer keep in that which would have its free course in spight of all oppositions whatsoever , and now it violently broke out like Powder fir'd , making a report so much the greater by how much it is pent up in a narrow Circumference . When other careless Souls are dead in sleep , or suffer themselves to be led Captive in leaden Chains , by that heavy headed God Morpheus , the careful Lover is ever watchful , his eyes can find no rest , because of those continual Alarums the panting Heart doth beat on his troubled Amorous breast . Thus stood the affair between our Lovers , Susan being informed that he would relate something of importance that night to her , thought every hour seven till the family was gone to bed , and he every hour seventy till he might have some assurance of his bedding with his Love. The house being now in a profound Silence , he steals out of his own Chamber , and softly trips down the stairs into the Kitching where his Love attended his coming . Low was their talk but high was the passion they had reciprocally for each other , that sighs and looks were forc't to supply the place of speech , discovering what their tongues were incapable of uttering , and Kisses supplyd the defects of all the rest . His warm touches and frequent embraces did melt her into complacency so that on both sides never were their made so many Amorous promises as between these two Lovers , he swore and damn'd himself a thousand times if ever he broke his faith with her , and she vow'd and protested she would never be unfaithful to him , upon this Obligation she condescended the next night he should lie with her with this Proviso , that if she be with Child he should marry her incontinently , but if no such thing hapned to defer it some time longer , this agreement was Seal'd interchangeably by Kisses on each side , and so they went to their respective Chambers . The Master of the House ( whom we shall call Mr. Tradewell ) had a Partner and his Wife in the House with him , whom for the better carrying on the Story , we must call by the name of Mr. Silware . this Merchant was gone into France about some Affair that concerned the Partnership , and left his Wife behind him to the care of Mr. Tradewell , who ever had a great respect for her , being a very lovely Woman , and one whose beauty and every part exceeded his own Wives by many degrees , the consideration of which had so inflam'd his Heart , that he only wanted an opportunity to make known to her the Fervency of his Affection . This absence of her Husband gave him all the advantages a Lover could require , neither was he backward in the vsing of such means that might accomplish his irregular defires ; he had made several attempts but still was repulst , at length he resolv'd to summon together all his force and give her one home Charge more , or one Vigorous assault before he would raise his Siege ; the time designed was the next day , after the night the Casheer and Susan had agreed to the assignation of each others Maiden-Heads the night following . The day being come and when one half or more thereof was spent , Mr. Tradewell singles out his game ( fair to Admiration ) and resolved to hit his mark . You may therefore Swear he did not fright her Ear , with the dreadful stories of horred Dutch cruelties in Amboyna , nor what will become of that ungrateful Nation hereafter , but how he might make a Conquest over Chastity . Mr. Selware heard his temptations with much seeing impatience and reluctancy , offring frequently to be gone , but easily stayd by her assailant ; she fretted and fumed at the walls as if they were accessory to her detention whereas the door stood wide open , or had it been lockt one Skreeke or two would have as nimbly opened it as the Key thereunto belonging ; having flounst and flung up and down , She at length ( recovering breath ) thus capitulates with him : Where note that Fortress or Citadel that admits of a Parley with her Assailent is already half Surrendred . O Mr. Tradewell I did not think you were a Man so loosly given , how can you thus offer to injure four at once , your Wives Vertue , my Husbands friendship , my Chastity , and most of all your own Soul. Tradewell had a tongue most excellently well hung , with wit at will , by which he so handled the matter , that he cleared these Scruples , making her believe that forreign Nations publickly permitted ( Adjutores Tori ; ) helpers in the marriage bed ; and that it was freely granted by the husband that she should make choice of any one friend whom she pleased , that here at home such things were winked at , else how comes it about it should grow so Fashionable for Women to have a Gallant besides their Husbands , who shall not only participate of the pleasure of the Wife , but the profits also of the Husband . What harm then ( said he ) can your consent to my proposals do to your Husbands friendship or your Honesty ? as for my Wives Vertue if she thinks Chastity such , let her live Cloyster'd up in my Arms only , if not , let her take the freedome I freely give my self . He added a thousand things more which his transported passion dictated to him , and laid them so home that with a kind of willing unwillingness she yeilded to what he requested , but with many Cautions , as Constancy , Secrecy , &c. These Amorous combatants had nothing now to consider of but to appoint the field where this Battail must be sought which was the bed of her absent Husband , the hour Eleven , and that he would take care the whole Family should be in Bed by that time ; in Order thereunto he gave Order that Supper should be made ready betime , and that his intentions were to rise very early the next day , and therefore he would goe to Bed by time . This news did not a little please Susan and the Casheer , as thinking they should the sooner and longer injoy their eagerly expected pleasures ; every finger that Susan had , supply'd the place of a hand to dispatch Supper , which being ready was disht up , and Mr. Tradewell and his Wise with Mistress Saleware seating themselves . Susan , according to Custom , waited on her Mistress and the Casheer on his Master : Susan was then so bashful that least ought in her looks should betray what was all-ready complotted , look't down continually , not daring to look up least her wanton glances ( which she could not hinder ) should prove the Traytors to her expected bliss . The Casheer in the mean time stood like a Statue either staring in Susans face , or else his Eyes wandring he knew not whether , with his Wits in the sweet contemplation of those delights he should be master of e're long , his thoughts were so totally employd hereon , that he was no farther serviceably to the table then for laughter , for if his Master cald for Beer , he brought him a clean plate , if his Mistress called for a Glass of Wine he presented it to the Maid , and then to mend the Mistake to Mistress Saleware , which caused a great deal of pleasant discourse what should be the occasion of this suddain disorder , none took more notice of it than Mr. Tradewell , for her Husband was in the like distraction , neither was Mistress Saleware in less confusion . Mr. Tradewell partly by the strength of imagination and partly by those flames , the incomparable beauty and over kind promises his Partners Wife had kindled in him , made him even ready to dissolve as Snow against the Scorching rays of the Meridean Sun ; Fancy made him think he was already incircled in her arms and clung as close as Jvies to the Elme ; sometimes he thought he heard the Ravishing twang of her harmonical Lace against her Bodice , making her self unready to be the more ready to his devotion . As Supper ended so did the discourse , for Mr. Tradewell counterfiting a bad Sentinel fell fast a sleep pretendedly ; this made Mistress Saleware retire , to give opportunity to Mr. Tradewell to put her Husband to bed , who ( understanding from himself that his business would call him up very Early next morning ) awaked him out of his sleep desiring him to take his rest in Bed : Mr. Tradewell starting as one too suddainly disturbed out of his sleep , answer'd ( raising himself and rubbing his Eyes ) goe to Bed Sweet-heart , I will but goe down and give some instructions to my man what is to be done to morrow , and Order them to goe to Bed , I will instantly return ; having given what Orders he thought convenient below , coming up he renew'd the former discourse with Mistress Saleware and confirmed the contract ; he return'd to his own Chamber , where he found his Wife in Bed , and undressing himself went to Bed also and to prevent toying with his Wife fell immediately ( but feignedly ) into a profound sleep . His wife that was not accustomed to be so serv'd could not refrain shedding some tears to be thus frustrated of th●se expectations natural heat had ingendred within her ; but knowing how ill humour'd he used to be when prest to any thing he did not voluntary propound and fearing to displease him she accomadated her contentment with hopes remitting the fruition of her desires to some other time , upon these agreable and self pleasing thoughts sleep closed the portalls of her Eyes , so Captivating her senses that her sleep was as profound as her Husbands was counterfeit . Every one in the House were now paying the quiet Tribute due to Pains-taking , indulgent Nature excepting the aforementioned Lovers : Mistress Saleware lay ( improperly ) above Mr. Trade-well , Susan in a little room next him , the Casheer a good way distant ; Mistress Saleware and Susan placed their ears to the best advantage that they might hear the first tread of their expected Amorous visitants , you must think they hearkned with as much attention , as a dying Patient would hear the Physitians sentence of Life or Death , privately whispered into the Ear of some friend standing by . Nor did the weary Traveller indure more pain and inquietude in waiting that happy day which shall free him from those fears and dangers do on every side environ him , then this our Tradewell did in having those doubts removed which encompassed by the comming of the appointed Hour , before it was fully arrived he left his loving Bed fellow , whose Face though not tinctur'd with a Vermillion hue like a Morning Blush , yet was there nothing wanting in her which appertain'd to her sex , but in every thing was rather redundant . You may imagine he was very careful of treading hard , yet though he went softly , he could not hinder the creaking of the boards , which caused a double Alarum , the one to his Mistress of his approach , and the other of fear to himself , least thereby he might awake his Wife and so she find him absent , the consideration hereof made his heart to imitate a Drummer in the beating of a point of War. Coming to her Chamber door , he cald to her in so low a voice he could not hear himself ; yet she could perfectly at a good distance and instantly give him admission . What they speedily went about you may imagine , and therefore it is needless to give you an account of every Amorous folly these two Lovers were guilty of that time , which lay in Action more than expression , and no wonder since kisses barracaded up their speech . Having tired each others lipps , they then encountred with their Leggs and Arms , but how , my modesty will not give me leave to tell . No doubt they ran their Posts or Stages with uncontrouled Eagerness ; like an high mettled Horse which at first mounting will Carvete and Caper , and without the least touch of Switch or Spur will bounce and foam at mouth , nay fret it self out of Breath ; but let us leave these Champions of Venus , and give an account of what hapned in this interval , as a just reward and a remarkable casual revenge on Tradewells infidelity . About half an hour after this disloyal Husband had left the warm Bed of his hitherto constant Bed-fellow to go a catterwowling , his Cashier ( who was about the age of twenty , a handsome lusty Lad ) got out of his Bed , having slept against his will , and not knowing how much of the night had slipt away , rubbing his eyes between sleeping and waking , he gropes his way in the dark to find out Susans Chamber ; but instead thereof , entred into that of his Mistresses : The first thing he encountred with was the Bed , and finding it so quickly , doubted not but that he was right , concluding the narrowness of the room guided him to his intent and purpose ; whereupon lifting up the clothes softly , he laid himself down by her side ; he was not long there , e're he began to bustle ( not as if he was setling himself in order to his repose ) which soon awaked his Mistress , who believing it was her Husband , embraced him with an ardent affection , saying , My dearest Joy , how cold you are ? Come , put thy legs within mine , I 'le warm them for thee ; and then discharg'd a whole volley of kisses on him : those being over , she talk'd to him again . My dear Husband , I 'le tell thee what I just now dreamt : Methought I heard your man open your maids Chamber door , and talkt of things not fit to be spoke ; being throughly vext my House should be made a Brothel by your Servants , I endeavoured to rise to prevent them in their Roguery , struggling to get up , and feeling for thee to tell thee what I was going about , I could not find thee in the Bed ; this so strangely did surprize my mind , that through fear , vexation , and I know not what , I instantly awoke , and glad I am that it is but a Dream , and that I have thee in mine Arms. These actions and expressions clearly convinc't him that he was in an errour , and that she which exprest so many indearments , and which had so stricktly shackled him within her arms , was his Mistress . At first he was almost dead with fear , but having recollected his scattered Spirits , and bethought himself of this stratageme to preserve himself from discovery , all passages that ever he observed between his Master and Partners Wife came fresh into his mind , and from all the circumstances concluded that they were now consummating their loves . and that if he could but refrain from speaking , he doubted not but that she would fall asleep again , and so have the opportunity of stealing a way , to be as good as his promise . But jealously in her dream had so kindled her fire , that abandoning for that time the becoming modesty of her Sex , she grew so impatient of delays , that he found himself incapable of resisting those emotions she had rais'd within him , but suffer'd himself to be taught by her those Love-lessons , were designed him by another Love-School Mistress ; she had so warm'd her Cashier , that had he been Marble , or a Mysanthropos , a mortal enemy to Mankind , he must have then laid aside his innate hate and emnity to be reconcil'd to such a loving Enemy . This Combat lasted a long time without any considerable advantage perceivable on either side , but being equally tired , they both willingly sounded a retreat . And now it was time for her to consider that these embraces were more vigorous and fierce than such which are the attendants to a Marriage-bed , unusually accompanied with such frequent Repetitions : Besides his continued silence all this while did strangely startle her , which with the former , gave her sufficient grounds to suspect she was mistaken in her Bedfellow . The poor foundred Cashier was in a peck of troubles , not knowing how to get out of that Labyrinth he had casually wound himself into ; each minute he dreaded his Masters apprehending him in bed with his Mistress , and what punishment could he expect less than his Masters Dagger plung'd to the hilts in his traiterous breast ; hereupon an universal Palsie seized upon every Limb , but this trepidation of his joynts , his Mistress favourably interpreted the product of his past delights , or of desire of enjoying more , and not at all the effect of fear . After a thousand distracting cogitations , the Cashier having weigh'd each particular in the ballance of his green understanding , considered that it might be of a dangerous consequence to ask pardon of his Mistress for what had past between them , and then again to rise when his Mistress was asleep without discovering to her the mistake , would the next day undoubtedly betray the whole matter , by her petulancie , or some little toying and wanton discourse between her and his Master ; and who knows not but that she might too amply acknowledge his gratitude for his late supposed works of Supererrogation , which might give him cause to conclude ( as it was but just ) that his man had suppli'd his last nights absence , for none other in the family could be suspected . The apprehension of danger from the discovery of a secret of this great importance , did put him in so great a confusion , that it was not to be judg'd which was greater , the pleasure he had obtain'd , or the trouble and fear he underwent in the purchase thereof . Whilest his thoughts were ingaged in this perplexity a stratagem bolted into his head , which in all probability might remedy all ; and thus it was , he resolved to take no notice of any thing she uttered saving the Dream , making her believe that he thought himself in bed with Susan and none else , and therefore ( grumbling a little first ) he thus spoke : Prethee , my Dear , what didst thou mean by that Dream thou told'st me , the matter I value not , but 't is the manner of telling it troubles me ; thy language therein was more like my Mistress than my Love ; Why dost thou call me Servant whenas I intend to be thy Husband ? But I will not chide , since I did not think to have been so favourably received by thee ; and since I find thy love cordial ( speaking to her with a Kiss ) were I interrupted from thy embracements , by the interposition of an Arm of the Sea , wider and more dangerous than that loving Leander once too often crost swimming to see his sportive Hero , I would do it with as much alacrity and willingness as for striding a Brook obtain a Lordship . Dearest , said he , what is the matter ? Why so silent ? Fear nothing , our Mistress , poor Gentlewoman , is fast asleep , she like an harmless innocent little dreams of the ingratitude and treachery of her lascivious Husband , who is now at this very nick of time in the height of his enjoyments with Mrs. Saleware . At these words she became more surpriz'd and amaz'd than ever Alcmene was of old , after Jupiter had enjoy'd her in the shape of Amphitreo . But seeing there was no remedy for so strange an Accident which had made her break her Marriage-Vow , she comforted her self in that the fault , if it was any , was not design'd by her , but all the guilt ought to lie on her disloyal Husband ; and indeed I know not how that can properly be called a fault which was done unwittingiy ; besides , she could not but applaud the Justice of Heaven , punishing him in the same manner he had abused others . Mrs. Tradewel was somewhat loath to part with the Company of her new Bed-fellow , but reason perswaded her to it for the avoiding danger , wherefore slipping a Diamond-ring off her finger she convey'd it into the hands of her Servant , saying in a very low voice , if you are discreet hug in silence your good fortune , otherwise you shall find a reward sutable to your babbling folly . Hereupon without replying a word , he got out of the Bed , and passing by the Chamber of his poor cheated Susan , he entred into his own , and went to sleep ; how and in what manner she took and revenged this intollerable affront , I shall anon give you a farther account . Mr. Tradewel had not been in bed with his beloved Saleware above two hours , but that Mr. Saleware being return'd from France , and landing at Gravesend , took a pair of Oars and came straight away for London with an affectionate desire to have a speedy sight of his intirely beloved Wife , and about one a Clock landed at Billingsgate , and thence with all speed went to his Habitation ; where coming he knock at the back-door for the convenience of speedy entrance , the Skulling-boy lying just over the Gate , and so soon got in , making the boy to strike a light , and with it went directly to his Chamber , where these two Lovers were more intangled with each other than Mars was by the craft of Vulcan with the Cyprian Goddess . He knockt at the door two or three times , but his Wife being other wayes employed then to come out of a warm bed and indanger of catching of cold , was as mute as a fish , neither could she in Reason speak till the business she was about was consummated ; but he without repeating his knocks , she was forced at length to ask , who was there , in words imperfect , as just disturb'd out of a profound sleep . It is I , said her Husband . Who are you , she repli'd . 'T is I , your Husband , said Saleware , don't you know my voice ? She thus capitulated with him that she might have time to abscond her Lover ; the suddenness of the surprize would not permit her to consult long about it , neither was there any other place of security , but underneath the Bed ; which Tradewel was forc't to crawl under ; that being done , seemingly in great haste she ran to the door , speaking as she went , My Soul , O my dearest Heart , art thou return'd ? The most welcome man to me in the world ; whil'st she thought in her heart what envious Devil brought thee hither at this juncture of time , thus to obstruct my early joys ? The door being opened , Mr. Saleware entred in , and as he was about to run and catch her in his arms , the sight of her in a manner naked , displaying her delicate Breasts , put him to a stand that he might please his eyes before he feasted his other senses ; this small time of absence had given him new appetite , and so impatient he grew , that he thought undressing himself to be the way about and too long for the renewing his delight , and therefore would have cut it shorter ; but she which already had had the satisfaction of a more vigorous and active subject , knew how to defend her self against the weak assaults of an impotent Husband : to qualifie him , for the present the de sir'd him to have patience , if not , he might be instrumental in bringing her into some dangerous Distemper , by catching cold coming sweating out of a warm bed . This perswasion made him the more hasty to go to bed , his Wife in the mean time considering with what difficulty her Gallant almost starv'd with cold ) must creep from underneath the bed to acquit himself of the Chamber , and the danger of staying longer in it , and withal knowing how impossible it would be to steal from her Husband , or if she did , the creaking of the door might betray her , she suddenly pumpt out of her invention , a pretty device to blind her Husband and secure her friend : Womens wits are ever most ready at a push in the greatest straights . As her Husband was making himself unready , she caught him about the neck , saying , hold , hold , my dear Heart , prethee let 's drink a glass of Wine for joy of thy return , I have half a dozen bottles which were lately sent me as a present , the best thou didst ever taste of in all thy life , prethee step down into the Cellar , there is but one left , it stands in the farthest corner of the Cellar : with all my heart , said her Husband ; in order to his going down he reputs on his Doublet , and having button'd it by halves , he stands up to look for his shooes which he had carelesly dropt off his feet , but could find but one , the other it seems tumbled under the bed where Tradewel lay , he began to grope with his hands underneath the Bed , which had like to have frighted our Inamorata and and his Mistress out of their wits ; but seeing his search was in vain , he went to the Table to fetch the Candle , the wife seeing this , lept nimbly out of Bed and pretending to be angry for his standing so long barefoot on the cold ground , snatcht the Candle out of his hand , saying , is it possible , Husband , that you should be thus long looking for your shooe and not find it ? Come , you shall stand no longer on the bare bords , I 'le rather suffer than you ; and thereupon lookt for the shooe where she knew it was impossible to find it . The Husband seeing his wife thus walk up and down barefoot , in a great passion told her , that unless she was resolv'd to be accessary to her own death , she would not do as she did ; therefore , said he , let me command you to go to your bed , and do not expose your tender body to those injuries which accompany a cold winter season . Let any one judge whether Mr. Tradewel were not in a sweet pickle at the hearing of these words , and Mrs. Saleware was at her wits ends , thinking now there was no hope of using any other fallacie , concluding the best Inventions in this case barren , and that it lay not in the power of the sharpest and craftiest wit to find out a way that may deliver them from this imminent danger . Now did Mr. Saleware in a seeming rage adadvance to snatch the Candle from his Wife ; she pretending to prevent him , with an over-officious care not to put him to the trouble , seemed to flumble ( in her starting back ) at the foot of the Table , and thereby fell , and by her fall extinguisht snuff and and all ; whil'st her Husband was groping for the Candle , with all speed she got to the bed to advise Tradewel that this was the time , if ever , to make his escape undiscovered , she durst not speak , and therefore she did thrust her arm underneath the Bed and caught him by the foot ; Tradewel thinking that the hand he felt was that of him he had so injur'd , and therefore now did justly fear , knew not what to do , thinking it was to little purpose to endeavour his further concealment , and judged he had no means left but to crawl out upon all four , and in that posture confessing the whole matter , beg pardon of his injur'd friend ; but perceiving that the person that held him by the foot pull'd him but gently , without the utterance of one word , he alterr'd his resolution , knowing it must be his Friend ; after this she found the shooe and gave it her Husband , who by this time had found the Candle , which she fear'd he had given to the Devil to light , and now she entreats him afresh to go down into the Kitching , and light the Candle ( there being always some fire all night long ) and thereby fulfil her request ; Saleware by the charming perswasions of his subtle wife , condescended to every thing she desir'd ; he was no sooner gone , but she hastned her Gal● lant with all speed imaginable out of the Chamber ; who seeing himself freed and at liberty was the joyfullest man living , notwithstanding he was so benumm'd with cold that he lookt like the third Son of Ice-icle Winter , his shirt ( by removing himself on this side and that , for his better security ) was so black by rubbing the boards , that he lookt like a Small-Coal-man , and his Hair , which like Lime-twiggs had ensnared the Feathers underneath the bed , made his head appear more like an Owls than a Common-Councel-mans ; and which was worse , he had so bepist himself by the fright he was in , that he stunck like a Polecat . In short , his looks were so ghastly , and his face so pall'd and wan , that the most rational would have taken him for a Spectre or Phantasm , so strange was his Metamorphosis in time of this short though sharp Purgatory ; but all this was nothing to what he suffered by his Cashier ; one nights repose would resettle him and restore his former quietude and serene temper , but the injury he sustain'd in the abuse of his Wife was remediless : Besides had he been discovered by his Partner , who knows the dangers that jealousie and revenge might procure to prosecute an act so foul and so ingrateful : The mischiefs are innumerarable they run themselves into , who slighting Heaven by contemning the good Laws of man , are led away by their brutish appetites and inordinate sensuality . Consider then again , how blind and irrational some are who having wives whose beauties may dispute for eminencie with the choicest of the Creation , whose discretion , modesty and prudence was never call'd in Question by any foul miscarriage , whose honesty and nuptial fidelity is as spotless white as innocence her self ; yet I say , these very men regarding neither the Laws of of God nor Nature ( More ferarum Quadrupedumque ) by invading other mens rights , endeavor their satisfaction with such whose Persons , Wit , Beauty and Behaviour fall as short of that which adorns their own faithful Companions , as the splendour of the serene Sun outshines the gloominess of an eclipsed Moon . In short , men should forbear entertaining such loose and unlawful desires , if not for the sake of Heaven , yet for the love they ought to bear to their health and honour : But to return where we left . Tradewel , thus pickled in dust , feathers , and urine , durst not approach his own bed , but thought it very expedient to go to the Chamber of his Cashier , but before he could come at it he must pass by his Maid Susans Chamber-door , who had not clos'd her eyes in all that time by reason of her longing desire of enjoying her Friend . Impatient of waiting longer she had got out of Bed , and having slipt on her Petticoat , she was going out with an intention of going to visit her faithless Friend , at the same time her Master came tripping down the stairs from Mr. Saleware ; by a little glimmering light she perceived somewhat in white , at first sight she was somewhat affrighted suggesting that this might be some Spirit , had undoubtedly screekt out , had she not presently bethought her self that in all probability this was her unfaithful Friend who had slighted her for a more excellent beauty above , and was now return'd from those petulant delliances which properly belong'd to her by Oaths , Vows , & Protestations , imboldned with the consideration hereof , she seiz'd suddenly on his shirt as he was passing by , and not regarding the propinquity of her Mistresses Chamber to hers , in these terms she upbraided him , O Sir , have I caught you , are these the fruits of your last nights Promises , can the current of your love so soon run in another Channel ? Base perjur'd man , so quickly to relinquish that , for which I must for ever languish . Tradewel concluded himself surprized by his Wife , and thought she had by her vigilancie discovered this amorous complotment , and being conscious of his own guilt , he endeavoured after this manner to appease the just anger of his injur'd Wife : Dearest , I have offended , let my penitent Confession plead the remission of a fault I ne're was guilty of before . To which she repli'd : The first is a Crime of so high a nature , it can never be forgiven . What violate your Maiden-Obligation and me who never yet knew man , nor never would know any but for your sake , to whom I 'me bound by promises extorted by you from me ? Why , did you promise only to delude ? Could you not finde some other way to abuse me , but by this the most insufferable ? Tradewel ( finding his mistake ) soon banisht his fear , and perceiving what had past between his Maid and man , made the discovery of their folly his own advantage ; for presently , as if he had known her from the first interview , thus spake : Well Susan , I never thought you a light Huzzie till now , I had ever too good an Opinion of your honesty by your seeming modest deportment , but for the future I shall banish such good thoughts , so undeserved by you . Get you to your Bed , I shall speedily find out some way that shall prevent Night-Walkers in my house from such like sensual meetings ; you may now take your rest to night for you are not like to rest here much longer ; but let this be your comfort , I will go instantly to mine and your faithless Servant , and enquire of him what was his reason that he violated that ( Sacred ) Promise he made , and thus basely disappointed you in your first fruitions . Having utter'd these words he left her , but in a condition so distracted , that she knew not what to nor what to think . Tradewel eoming to the door where his Cashier lay , found it lockt , whereupon he softly knockt ; the Robber of his Honour ( who could not sleep for contemplating on what had casually part between his Mistress and himself ) askt who was there : By the answer return'd , he knew his Master was without : Instantly his guilty Conscience flew into his face , accusing him of what he had so lately done , and now verily believed that in oftentation his Mistress had told her Husband how luckily ( though not wittingly ) she was reveng'd of his base disloyalty , and that his Master not knowing how to wreak his revenge on her was come to discharge it on him . As Vice is commonly the Original of fear , so he who is afraid ever suspects the worst . In short , fear had so universally possest him , that there was no room left for one rational consideration ; all courage had forsaken this accidental offending Smell-smock , and the expectation of his ensuing punishment had stew'd him in a a cold sweat , or rather was dissolving him into one of the Elements of his first composition ; you could not now call him Man , but the Decoction thereof ( Neither was mans limbs so shak'd with the cold fits of a Quartan Ague , as this same quaking jelly was by his panick fear ; sometimes he thought to leap out of the Window , & adventure an arm or a leg rather than run the hazard of losing — he knew not what ; altering that resolution , he thought it better to cast himself on his knees at the feet of his Master , confessing his ( not purposed ) fault , and implore his pardon ; with this resolution , he opened the door , and seeing by the light of the Moon ( which was just then risen ) the pallid and bloodless hue of his shivering Masters face , looking more like that of a Conjurer than one transported with a jealous passion , recollected himself and took courage to speak to him . Tradewel seeing his man in so great a confusion , could not but smile to himself , asking him what was the matter ? O Sir , said he , your low trembling voice from without , and your frightful appearance within hath so disordered me with fear , that I am like one besides himself . Although Tradewel was in his shirt half starv'd with cold could not forbear laughing , nor would he lose the pleasure of discoursing with his man at present , although he was sure his body would suffer for it by some distemper hereafter . Come Sirrah , said he , these pretences shall not serve your turn , I know your dissimulation , and your subtle practices , I know what contract you made with my maid , how , and when you were to meet , though you disappointed her , but that was , because you were afraid of my detecting your Roguery , knowing this night I watcht your appointment to prevent further mischief . The Cashier was all wonder and amazement ; he could not imagine who should discover his dark designs , unless the Devil had don 't by declaring himself his profest Enemy : it was but a folly to suspect one or the other , or to blame any ; it was now only expedient to make confession and ask forgiveness , which as soon as he had done , his Master granted him his request , with this Proviso , he should never attempt the like again . But hold , said Tradewel , there is something more to be said and done , and that is help me to one of your clean shirts , and whatever you think , speak not a word , as you tender your own welfare ; let it suffice , that I tell you thus much , that I have been upon other Discoveries this night than barely your lascivious appointment , but what they are , they must be secret to you . The Cashier got him presently a clean shirt , the sooner to be rid of his Company , which as soon as Tradewel had put on , he return'd to his own Chamber , lying down by his Wives side , with as little noise as the gliding of a Snake over a smooth Marble ; she was in a profound sleep , as one extremely tired , making it appear by her ( unusual ) snoring , the pleasure she took in sleeping , and that she had travell'd that night every whit as far as her Husband . Yet though Tradewel was as cautious as might be of awakening her , yet he could not avoid the tumbling of her legs to and fro , agitated by some pleasant fancies in her dream , which falling on his ( as cold , as if they had been pickled in snow , and laid on the Alps a whole Winter ) made her suddenly start out of her sleep , no less tormented with that extreme cold , than others with the contrary Element ; Tradewel shrunk from her , and she pursued him , laying her hands on his face , breast , and thighs , and dissembling her knowledge of his absence : My Dear , said she , what means this strange and unusual coldness ? Art well ? Prethee strike a light , I am confident that something is amiss ; to which he replied , that he was in good health , and that his coldness proceeded from the bed-cloaths tumbling off . That cannot be , said she , the Bed-staffs would hinder any such thing ; and then laying her hands all about him , said she , is it possible you can be so universally cold , and in a warm bed with a warmer Bed-fellow , come abscond the truth no longer , and what e're it be , discover it , and I will not be offended . If then you 'l know the truth , Sweet-heart , said he , I have of of late suspected some irregular practices between my Cashier and my maid Susan , and this night I was resolved to try whether I could detect them ; to which she suddenly and smartly replied , I now must detect you : Is it not sufficient that you have a wife not loaded with years , her face not deform'd , her body fruitful , and her heart faithful , but that you must intrench on other mens proprieties ? Surely Mr. Saleware and you becoming Copartners , it was not intended you should go Partner in his Wives Commodities : Could any man in the world prove so ungrateful to two at once , one that he should love beyond the world , a wife , the other which he should affect the next thereto , a Friend ? Would you be serv'd so your self ? Tradewel had not a word to say in his own vindication , but pleaded guilty to all that was alledg'd against him , earnestly beseeching his Wife she would pass all by , and he would never commit the like again ; upon that condition she forgave him , and the sooner , as knowing she was no loser by his infidelity . The morning approaching , Mr. Saleware came and caressed his Partner , thanking him for the tender care he had of his Wife in his absence , and that they both were much obliged to him for his love ; Complements past on all sides , and a general seeming satisfaction did o'respread the faces of them all , and now every one betook himself to his proper business : Only Susan could do no business at all , because her business was not done ; she could not rest satisfied till she had singled out her false Lover ; and therefore quickly found an opportunity , she first acquainted him with the greatness of her love , and how it was abused by him ; and to be short , if he would not tell her the whole truth of the occasion of this breach of promise , she would never indure him more . The Cashier hearing this sad sentence , if he were not real in his Relation , and being re-inflam'd again with those adored eyes of hers , and her insinuating pleasing language ( forgetting his Mistresses threats ) he tels her the naked truth , informing her , that as he was coming with no other intent than to fulfil his promise to her , by a mistake entring the wrong Chamber , he paid her due Tribute to her Mistress , who was left alone by her ungrateful Husband , who was gone to enjoy Mrs. Saleware in the absence of her Husband , his Masters Partner . Susan was ready to sink down to hear that in all probability she had utterly lost her Sweet-heart , knowing like a cunning Baggage , that now adays love is less prevalent than interest : but prethee said she , How did she receive thee ? At first , she thought me to be her Husband , till she perceived how many Barrs I had out-thrown him , and finding her mistake , she seem'd like a woman distracted , complaining that her hitherto untainted Chastity was ruin'd , that I was a Villain , for being the Murderer thereof , and that she wondred with what impudence I durst approach her bed ; I was forc't at length to vindicate my self from that bold attempt , to tell her what love I had for you , for the acccomplishment of which we had appointed that night to receive the pawn on each side of each others fidelity . And you have then , said she , discovered me to be the wonton subject of her censure and reproach : no matter , said he . When she understood that what was committed was by mistake , she seem'd satissi'd , and was thankful to Heaven that this mistake had reveng'd her Husbands infidelity ; then she charg'd me to be secret and be gone , and as a reward gave me this Ring ; before I took my leave I enjoyn'd her to the same secrecie of our Amour . In the assurance that this is a truth , I do forgive what 's past , conditionally you ne'r enjoy your Mistress more . Mr. Tradewel carried himself now very obligingly to his Wife , and indifferently to his female Friend , and more than usual friendly to her Husband , but continually quarrelling with his Maid Susan , to the intent that he might make her weary of his Service , and so be gone ; she perceiving this , was resolv'd speedily to make Hay whilest the Sun shin'd , and knew no better way to bring about her ends , then to carry her self most charmingly affectionate to her Friend , the Cashier , and to grant him every thing he desir'd ; when he pleas'd he had the Command of her Bed , and dalliances with her where he pleas'd , and as often as he listed , and being now solely Regent over his affections ( although now and then he accompanied his Mistress ( more to please her than himself ) she resolved by his overthrow to raise her self ; and thus she plotted it : Notwithstanding the frowardness of he● Master towards her for her own benefit , she pretended a more than common respect to him , protesting more reallity of service than invention can well hammer out ; making this her Prologue to her cunning design ; she tells him , she knows that she was seduced , and led away by the crafty allurements of his man , and that she could not but yield after so many thousand Oaths and Vows of righting her wronged Virginity , that instead thereof , all his performances were continual slightings ; and now at last inquiring strictly into the cause of this sudden alteration of his love , she suspected that it might be occasioned by the hopes he hath of his Mistresses love towards him , that she had something more than bare suspition to make manifest what she said , and that in a little time , if he pleased , she doubted not but to make it apparent how inconsiderately his Wives love is misplaced on her Servant . Mr. Tradewel heard this with no small perturbation of minde , however being willing to know the truth hereof , he promised her a reward if she would make him a speedy discovery thereof . In the prosecution whereof , one night when Susan had got the Cashier in bed with her , and having according to custome after tiring been used to sleep with her an hour or two ( she being all this while his waking Centinel to raise him when it was time to return to his own bed ) I say , she then took the opportunity of conveying two Keys out of his Pocket , the one of his Till , where his Masters Cash lay , the other of his Trunck , which contain'd his wearing Apparel , with other things properly belonging ; She opens his Trunk first , by the help of a Candle she had placed underneath her bed in a dark Lanthorn , and there finds the chiefest thing she lookt for , the Ring which his Mistress had given him as a pledge of her love , she found what she lookt for , and therefore lockt the Trunck again , without diminishing any thing therein contain'd , but the Ring . After this she trips down the stairs softly into the shop , and opening the Till , took out one hundred Guinny's , which was in a small bag by its self , and one hundred pound bag of silver , locking the Till again , which money she hid in the Cellar , and so went up again to her own Chamber , putting the Keys into his Pocket , he not missing her all this while , being fast asleep . All things being effected without the least remaining suspition , she awak't her Lover , telling him she had over-indulg'd his humour in letting him sleep so long , however she was well content to have no rest ( and enjoy his Company ) so that he might have it ; and so with a hug and a buss they parted . In the morning early she got up , and taking the money she had hid ( with an excuse of going but half a dozen doors off ) she carried it off , and put it into the hands of a very trusty Friend of hers , and making very little stay , returns home . By this time her Master was up , who found her as formerly , very diligent in the Kitching , and being alone , ask'd her , what further progress she had made in the discovery ; I will tell you , said she , within an hour , if you will be sure to step out and be in again ; in the mean time I will shew you a Ring , which your Wife gave her man ; which by his knowledge thereof , increast his jealousie . He consented thereto , and she in the mean time steps up to her Mistress to know what she would be pleas'd to have for dinner : Ask your Master said her Mistress , forsooth , said she , he is gone ( he told me as far as Blackwal , and it is questionable whether he can come to dinner . Blackwal , how can that be ! send up the Cashier to me , he will give me better information where he is gone than you can ; I will rise by and by , in the mean time I 'le think what to have for Dinner . Susan was over-joy'd her plot took so well , and indeed but according to her expectation ; for she observ'd her Mistress always inquire where her Husband was , if gone out , how far , and then according to the distance of place she knew how to imploy her time and exercise her self with her man. Coming down she did not go immediately to acquaint the Cashier with his Mistresses Command , but staid some time ere she told him , extracting from him at the same time Protestations of Constancie . Up he goes to his Mistress , but he had not been there long , e're Tradewel came in , & being inform'd by Susan how affairs stood , he went softly up the stairs , and thrusting at his Chamber-door , he found it lockt ; he knockt again and again , but no answer ; till at last he spoke aloud , Open the Door , and that quickly too , or I 'le force it open : Whereupon she came to the Door in her Smock , and did let him in ; she needed not to have confest what she had bad been doing , the disorder she was in , proclaim'd more than her tongue could utter . Tradewel in a rage askt her where her Minion was ; she was so amaz'd , she could not pronounce one sillable ; hurried on with impatience , he searcht the room round , but found no body , till he lookt underneath the bed ( the Mother would never have lookt for her Daughter in the Oven , but that she had been there her self ) and there he espied his trusty Squire , having not room enough to kneel for pardon ; as he was about to drag him out , his wife that had recalled her wandring spirits , took heart-a-grace , and staying her Husband by the sleeve , said , I pray Sir , be not too rash , consider it was your own case once , and were you not glad by the subtlety of a woman to escape that eminent danger which hung over your head , pray Sir , let this Patern or resemblance of your late Condition intercede for him ; your Politie availed you little in that streight , neither will his in this exigencie ; you were preserv'd by your Mistresses wit and subtlety , he is undone by my indiscretion and folly , if you applaud the former commiserate the later . These melting , yet biting expressions took Tradewel off from the height of fury , so that his Revenge knew not how to terminate any otherwise than instantly to call his Cashier to an account about the Cash committed into his charge ; and therefore charg'd him to be gone immediately to that intent and purpose . The Cashier who was never call'd to an account before , by reason of the large security his Parents gave his Master for his fidelity , which gave the greater liberty to his credulity , in assisting his Brethren who had ran out of Cash , and being conscious how far he had ran out himself , it startled him almost as much as this unexpected surprize ; as he was going down the stairs a sudden resolution krept into his head to clear his accounts and free himself from the approaching danger , he could not but in reason expect would suddenly fall upon him , by one single act , and that was forthwith to acquit his Masters house , and throw himself upon the guidance of Fortune , which accordingly he put in execution ; for immediately he got himself out of the doors with as much hast and fear , as one that had made his escape from a common confinement or his Keeper ; not carrying any thing more than what he had about him . The News was soon brought to his Master Mr. Tradewel , who was not a jot troubled thereat , but rather rejoyc't that he was rid of a sharer in his Marriage-rights , knowing withal how to give himself satisfaction for what his Servant had ran out . This coming to the ears of Susan , made her transported with joy , how fully her revenge was extended , and how well paid she was for the exeecution thereof , being confident her Cheat could never in all probability be found out ; besides her Master to reward her Treachery , vail'd with the pretence of fidelity gave her fifty pieces , with a promise she might continue as long as she pleas'd in hi , house , with an augmentation of her Wages ; she thankt him , and gave him only the hearing intending to stay no longer than she might make some considerable purchase , and so march off . In pursuance whereof , she singled out Mrs. Saleware at a convenient time , and discovered to her the knowledge of all those amorous Intrigues which past between her and her Master , instancing every remarkable particular , and laying it so home , that Mrs. Saleware could not but acknowledge them all truths by her silence ; having wrought her Plot so far , she resolv'd to drive the nail home to the head for what it was designed for , and therefore told her , that the ruine of her credit lay at her disposal , but for her part she was so tender of the Reputation of her Sex , that she scorn'd to be a Traytor to its infirmities . Mrs. Saleware that was apprehensive enough , and knew very well by the method of her discourse what she aim'd at ; rold her , she lookt upon her more discreet than to make so great a distraction in a Family she belong'd to , by speaking of such things , which if known , the differences that would thence arise would never be reconcil'd ; however said she , to seal your everlasting silence , accept these Guinneys , and my everlasting friendship , if not murder'd by your falshood , and so leaves her . Susan carries this parcel to her former hoard of money , and not satisfied yet , was resolved to cast her net for more before she left fishing in this Pool . She now goes to her Mistress , and with tears ( which she had always at Command ) makes a sad Complaint for the loss of her Love , telling her , that he was betroath't to her , and had it not been for her disloyalty to her Husband , she might have enjoy'd him still ; but now he was past recovery , and though she had understood all those amorous Entertainments from his own mouth which were enjoy'd between them , yet she rather choose to suffer in his love , than stain the credit of her loving Mistress ; that all she required at present only was , that she would be pleas'd to revenge her on that dishonest , faithless , and lascivious woman , Mrs. Saleware , who was the source and original of all her troubles , for had she not ( said she ) consented to the lose embraces of your Husband , my Master , your Servant and my Husband that should be by a mistake in his absence , could never have obtain'd the opportunity of enjoying you by breaking his faith with me . Mrs. Tradewel heard these Complaints with no small confusion and trouble of mind , but however to gratifie her own as well as her Servants revenge , she consented to do herein what she would advise her to . All that I request you to do , said Susan , is to acquaint her Husband how basely your Husband hath abused his Bed , but make him swear he will not discover one tittle you do relate to him ; aggravate every circumstance in such manner , that you may make his jealousie swell beyond all sense and reason . This will put him upon strange extravagant abuses at first , each of which will be a tickling pleasure to see them executed , and this in a little time also will be the means to rid your self of a Rival lodg'd within the bowels of all your concerns . This advice was so well liked of by Mrs. Tradewel , that she could not rest till she had acquainted Mr. Saleware with this secret , which in effect was none at all , being known to more than two . Mr. Saleware when he heard it was ready to run distracted , and could hardly be perswaded but that he would either lay violently hands on himself or Wife immediately ; but being qualified by his own reason , and such as Mrs. Tradewel produced , he deferr'd his revenge till another time Susan thinking she had done as mueh mischief as she could , resolv'd to be packing , and therein followed the example of the Rats ( according to Report ) which will fly from a falling house : She took her opportunity , and getting together some of her Mistresses choice implements of gawdry , as a gold Watch , Pendents , Rings , a Neck-lace of Pearl , with other things of value , she tript off unsuspected , & absconded her self for a while . Not long after Mr. Saleware confest a Judgment , or Warrant of Attorney to a special friend of his , for more by much than his own stock or Partners Mr. Tradewels would amount to ; which was his first revenge on his disloyal Friend , what revenging injuries he inflicted on his Wife , I cannot relate , only you may imagine what an abused Husband will do in such a case , when prompted thereto by jealousie and Revenge . Mr. Tradewel looking on kis Wife as the occasion of this desperate and irregular course , left her to the wide world , and went for Virginia , where he died , his wise in his absence being exposed to a great deal of misery , what through want and grief , died not long after . Thus you see how suddenly two flourishing families were brought to ruine by exorbitant lust and the subtilty of a revengeful woman ; but this was but the beginning or infancie of her early Projects , thousands whereof in the progress of her life she nommitted far more cotorious than any hitherto related , I have not room to describe them all , wherefore I shall briefly recount to you as many as I may . After her running away from her Master , she apparall'd her self as richly and as modishly as most of the female Gallants about the Town , and went by the name of Mrs. Craftsby , she took her lodging near to those places where the Gentry most resorted , where she not only learn'd the counterfeit deportment of a Gentlewoman , but likewise by her Habit skrew'd her self into the acquaintance of such of her Sex , as were placed in the Spheres of Honesty and Honour . She pretended her self the Relict of a Knight in Yorkshire , by which Lye she obtain'd the Honour of being called Madam , and the advantage of being Courted by men of good Estates , so many and so importunate , that her Lodgings from morning to night were seldom clear'd from one or more amorous visitants ; and although by the most fiery she was hotly beset , yet she would not surrender ; till fearing she might withstand her better fortunes , she yielded to the importunities of a Gentleman well stricken in years , but one that had the best estate of all her Suiters . They were not long married , before the old Gentleman found her out what she was , not only a Cheat , but an insatiate Whore to boot , having now a Cloak for her unbridled Lechery ; the knowledge whereof made a separation between them ; however she sued for Alimony , and forc't from him a competent maintenance ; she now no longer hid her self under the vail of seeming Chastity , but walkt with Vice barefoot every where ; and now for profit as much as pleasure , she prostituted her self to any thing that had money ; nay , a Dog , if he had but a shilling in his mouth : By these lascivious excesses she was so often clapt , that she became a meer Hospital of Diseases , and was now no longer in a Condition to maintain the reputution of a handsome Whore , being metamorphosed into the likeness of a loathsome and deformed Bawd. Yet still she had her Wits about her ; and considering she could do nothing of her self , unless she procured some assistance of other ; she trotted all the Town over to find out one fit for her purpose ; Pat as she would have it , going into a sinning-house near Whetstones-Park , she found a young Plyer there , whose Countenance promised every thing she desired , and having discourst her , found her what she seem'd to be , and her own Niece : whereupon promising her greater advantages than she could reap there , she allur'd her to her House , where as Partners they liv'd together . Her Name was Mistress Wheedle , a plump succulent Girl , with a face no way contemptible , she had a quaint Wit , a charming Tongue , and an humour so brisk a●d gay , as if no other Elements but fire and Air had club'd to her composition ; these attractions , and her petulant Deportment , drew on a number of Smell-smocks , which courted her for that Trifflle which men so much covet to enjoy and women to be rid of ; but she like a ●●nning Market-woman plotting to sell her Ware 〈◊〉 the best advantage , received them all with pro●●●ing Smiles , & dispensed the same indeared Ca●●●●es to every one . This brought her in a large Harvest of presents , and the better to draw them in , she would for such a Ring , Bracelet , or Necklace , &c. promise some Cully the great kindness ; if they were loath to purchase sin at so dear a rate , she woul fall in her price , chosing rather to play at small game than sit out . In a little time she was so generally known that she was compell'd to study new Artifices to allure in Customers , and those which she refus'd at first , she was now glad to acept of , so that the house became the receptable of all forts of Cullies ; not only the Bleeding-Cully , but the Ruff-Cully , the Dark-Cully , the Flogging-Cully , and the Fencing-Cully ; in short , no persons how wicked soever ( Whores , Rogues , Pads , Gilts , Files ) but were her daily Companions . This house at length grew so notoriously infamous , that it was known and pointed at almost by every Boy which past that way . Hereupon the Justice takes Mrs. Craftsby the Bawd , to a severe account , and upon examination found her so guilty ( not only for Bawdry , but all manner of Roguery , frequently entertaining such in her house , who being detected there , were afterwards hang'd ) I say , for these considerations , the Justice made her Mittimus and sent her to Prison ; Mrs. Wheedle having had timely notice hereof , made her escape , and soon after the commitment of her Partner , sold all she had , and not contented with this , she turn'd Night-Walker , whilest in the day-time she exercised other Professions belonging to the ancient Society of Tyburn : Sometimes she plaid the part of a File , and did it with dexterity , even to admiration ; she was a cleanly conveying Shop-lift , having a very large Pocket or Wallet underneath her under Petticoat , in which she would , cheapning Commodities in divers Shops convey insensibly something of every thing ; but at last endeavouring to play the Girl in a Tavern with one of her Bully-Huffs , they were both discovered in the act , carried before a Justice , and by him sent to Newgate ; at the ensuing Sessions , Mrs. Craftsby the Bawd received the Sentence of Carting , Mrs. Wheedle and her Gallant , of being carted to Tyburn , where they ended their wretched lives , whilest the other lived more hated than the last were pitied . By this Story ( which is a very truth ) you may see the evil Consequences which heavily wait on Lust and such exorbitant actions ; and therefore my advice is to all , that they imitate the Aegyptian Niceta , by sayling by the Scylla of carnal pleasure , and the Caribdis of incontinencie ; and yet not endanger the Shipwrack of their Chastity ; and I could with I knew how to teach you to drink out of Circes Cup , and not be converted into Swine ; & how you may hear the Syrens sweet & charming voices , and not yet be not inchanted by them . The best Rules I can give you are contain'd in this Distich : Otia , Mensa , Libri , Vaga , lumina Verba , Sodales , Hoec tolle , banc minue , hos muta , boec claude , hac fuge , vita hos . Sloath , Dainties , idle Fellows , wandring Looks , Shun with all speed , and change your wanton Books . To begin with Idleness , Otia telle , be not unimploy'd , for that is the fittest season the Devil hath to perswade thee to any thing that is evil ; and therefore that man qui nil agit ( which doth nothing ) may be truly said , male agere , to do ill . Otia si toll as peri●re Cupidinis are us Contemptoeque jacent & sine luce faces . Shun Sloth , and Cupids Bow thou'lt break And 's Torch contemn'd will shine but weak . Next Mensam minue , that is , pamper not your self by feeding too high . Adultery was never the Daughter of Temperance ; Chastity ever lives more secure in low Cottages , than in sublime Pallaces . Beware of obscene Books , as Drollery , wanton Poems , lascivious Stories , &c. Ovid himself , Loves-School-master , gives good advice , when he faith , — Teneros ne tange Poet as . And yet his Art of Loving , or rather his Art of Bawdry , with wanton Martial , lascivious Catull us , Tibull us and Propertius are taught in Schools publickly ; wherefore Ite mali versus animam qui perditis , ite . Fourthly , Vaga lumina claude . Lust sometimes creeps into the Soul by a Kiss , or through the Ears , but chiefly through the Eyes . Hence proceeded that Law of Zeleucus , that punished Adultery by the loss of the eyes , as first promoter of that sinful Act. — ruitque videndo . Lastly , fuge Sodales , I mean shun only bad Companions . He that continually wallows with Swine in the mire , must expect to be in the same filthy condition . The Plague is not more spreadingly Infections than ill manners . Example is ever more prevalent than Precept , and one scabbed sheep will infect the whole flock . — Sicut Grex totus in agris Vnius scabie cadit — Wherefore he that is ingaged in a vitious Society , let him forsake it , and he that is inconcern'd therein , let him have a care how he falls into it . Hinc Niger est hunc , tu Romane c●veto . Be of that mind that Apollonius Tyanaeus was of , when he desir'd the Gods , that they would give him such a discerning mind , as Noscere bonos , malos vitare , to know the good , and shun the bad . To conclude , make other men your Example , lest you be made an Example to others . MISCELANIES , AND OTHER JOVIAL PARADOXES OR , THE Canters-Academy OF COMPLEMENTS . MISCELANIES , and other JOVIAL PARADOXES : Or , the Canters-Academy OF COMPLEMENTS . QUestion . What is an idle Justice of Peace like ? Answer . The Picture of St. George on the Sign-Post with the Sword in his hand drawn to no purpose . Q. How may a Fool resemble a wise Man ? A. By concealing of his folly with silence ; for he cannot speak , that knows not wisely and seasonably how to hold his tongue : the common saying is , Vir sapit qui pauca loquitur ; which may be turned clean contrary , to , Vir loquitur ; qui pauca sapit . Q. What 's he that hath a fine wit in jest ? A. He that is a Fool in earnest . Q. How comes it to pass that tall men for the most part are not wise ? A. For that the length of their bodies proceeds from great moisture and heat : but driness engen dreth Wisdom in man ; and your Garrets have for the most part nothing but lumber in them . Q. Whether doest thou profess thy self a Knave or a Fool ? A. A Fool at a Womans service , and a Knave at a mans : thus I do distinguish , I would cozen the man of his Wife , and do his drudgery , and I would present his Wife my best respects to do her service , so I might subscribe my self both Knave and Fool. Well , well , God give them Wisdom that have it ; & those that are Fools , let them use their Talent . Q. What distinction do you make betwixt a Friend and a Foe ? A. Marry thus Sir , he that would seem a Friend and Praises me when I do not deserve it , makes an Ass of me ; now my Foe tells me plainly I am an Ass ; so that I am the worse for my Friend and the better for my Foe ; for Plain-dealing , till of late was ever counted a Jewel . Q. How should a man behave himself to his Friends ? A. As if in time they might become his Enemies . Q. What may a sample fellow in good Cloaths be compared to ? A. At Cinnamon-Tree , the Bark is more worth than the whole Body . Q. How are great Eaters said to be the most valiant men ? A. Because they never fight but with a good Stomach . Q. Why are those that wear long hair in the readiest way to make Fryars ? A. Because they promise to themselves bald Crowns without the help of a Barber . Q. What men are dangerous in a Common-wealth ? A. Those that affect Novelties . Q. What was the Opinion of Pythagoras concerning wild Fowl ? A. That the Soul of our Grandam might happily inhabit in a Bird ; yet am not I afraid to kill a Woodcock , for fear I should dispossess the Soul of my Grandam . Q. But what think you of his Opinion ? A. I think nobly of the Soul , and no way approve of his Opinion . Q. Why is it said to be no Charity to give a blind man an Almes ? A. Because he would be glad to see him hanged that relieves him . Q. On whom ought not benefits to be bestowed ? A. Not to young Children , nor to old men , nor to dishonest persons : because young Children have not the wit to apprehend a Courtesie done them before they come to the Age of Knowledge ; and Old men do quickly forget them ; nor upon dishonest persons , for they are too subtle to requite them . Q. Why do the Women in Newgate beg singing ? A. Because Newgate is a Cage of Canary-birds . Q. Why is Prison a good Instrument of Reformation ? A. Because it makes many Rogues and lewd Fellows stay'd men . Q. Do you not wonder that there should be so many Pick-Pockets about t●e st●eets , notwithstanding that there is a Watch in every corner ? A. That 's all one , for a Pick-Pocket would as willing●y meet with a Watch as any thing else . Q. Why is a Midwife so commendable a Trade ? A. Because they live not by the hurts of others as Chyrurgions do ; nor by the falling out of Friends as Lawyers do : but by the agreement betwixt party and party . Q. What 's the best remedy for a woman that 's troubled with the falling sickness ? A. It may be cured by a spell of the only crossing her Legs . Probatum est . Q. Why did the Ancients paint Fortune with a double fore-head , the one side bald , and the other hairy ; and why also blind ? A. The backside bald signified adversity , when we do not take opportunity by the fore-head top ; the hairy part Prosperity , which we enjoy when she pleases . She is pictured blind , because many times she bestows her favours upon unworthy persons , and for that she blindeth her pursuers . Q. Why do Foot-boys for the most part wear linnen stockings ? A. Because they are troubled with running Legs . Q. What do several sorts of Colours signifie ? A. White signifieth Truth or Innocencie , it resembleth the Light ; Green , Hope , or Youth , Yellow , Gladness , or Jealousie ; Straw Colour , Plenty ; Orange , Cuckold , or Covenant-Colour signifies diminution of Honour , or Spiteful ; Blew , the Scotch-bonnet-Colour , Treachery : Carnation , Sorrow ; Violet , Inconstancie ; the Azure is most pleasant to the eyes of any colour , because Nature in the Azure seemed as if she had meant all the rest ; Red , betokeneth the nobleness of Courage ; Purpure , or Purple , was a Colour in Ancient times only worn by Kings and Princes ; Tawny is a Colour of Worship , most commonly born amongst the French-Gentry ; Murrey in Blazon-Sanguine , is a Colour in ancient times appertaining to the Prince of Wales ; All mixt or midling Colours , are reckoned more Noble or Ignoble by participation either of the Nobility of White which is Light , or of black which is a deprivation of Light. Q. Why is a Cholerick man said to be no wiser than an Horse ? A. Because he cannot bridle his Passion . Q. Why is a Miller said to be the fittest Husband for a Scold ? A. Because when the Mill goes , though her tongue be never so loud , it cannot be heard . Q. Why are Scriveners said to be hard-hearted Fellows ? A. Because they never rejoyce so much as when they put others into Bonds . Q. Why is it better to fall into the Claws of Crows and Ravens than of Flatterers ? A. Because Crows and Ravens do but eat us when we are dead , but flatterers devour us alive . Q. Why had a Barber more reason to be honest and trusty than another Trade ? A. Because whosoever employs him , though but for a Hairs matter , puts his life into his hands . Q. Why is a Barber said to be such an active man ? A. Because if once he take out his wooden Comb , he will so box a man about his Ears , yet he shall take no exceptions , for he shall scarce feel it . Q. Why do many hold that there is a World in the Moon ? A. Because they are Lunaticks . Q. How may a man use Tobacco that it may do him good ? A. He must keep a Tobacco-shop and sell it . Q. Why may Tobacco shops be said for to be such dangerous places for to come into ? A. Because there 's no man that ever frequented them , but that he smoakt for it . Q. Why is a Hypocrite said to be odious to God , to man , and to the Devil . A. God hates him because he is not what he seems ; Man hates him because he seems what he is not ; and the Devil hates him because he seems not what he is , a very Raskal . Q. Why are Smiths of all other Trades said to be the most irregular and wicked ? A. For that they never think themselves better employ'd than when they addict themselves to their Vices , according to the old Verse . I heard that Smug the Smith for Ale and Spice Sold all his Tools , and yet he kept his Vice. Q. What 's the first Commodity a young Shop-keeper puts off ? A. His Honesty . Q. Why do Souldiers love Beef so well . A. Because 't is powder'd . Q. Why are Musquetiers of all other Souldiers said to be the most lazy ? A. Because they are always at their Rest . Q. Why do Lawyers-Clerks write such wide Lines ? A. 'T is done to keep the Peace , for if the Plaintiff and the Defendant should be in the next , the lines being too close , they might perhaps fall together by the Ears . Lay John there , lay Lilburn there about , For if they both should meet they would fall out . Q. What may a good Client be compared to ? A. A study Gown , that fits in the cold himself to keep his Lawyers warm . Q. Why did Nature allow of Mercury ? A. To make Alchymists Fools , and covetous men poorer . Q. Why do we usually say that the Philosophers-stone and need to turn all Metals into Gold ? A. Because the study of it turns all a mans Gold into Metal Q. What is a Prodigal like ? A. A Brush which spends it self to make others go handsome . Q. Why is a Hangman said to be one of a contemplative life ? A. Because he never goes to work , but he is put in mind of his own end . Q. Which of the two is more sufferable a Tyrant , or a Hangman ? A. You might as well have said Oliver or Dun ; I shall give it clearly for Dun ; the Hangman , he executed those that were condemned by Law ; but Oliver that High Court of Justice-Devil caused them to be put to death that were innocent without any Law. Q. How are Painters call'd cunning Fellows ? A. Because they have a Colour for whatsoever they do . Q. How are Trumpeters said to be subject to sickly Distempers ? A. Because commonly when they are most in health they will fall a sounding . Q. Of all things that you know which do you esteem most precious ? A. As for the word precious , I look upon it as an Epithite belonging to Stones . I confess I love a Diamond , a Ruby , an Emerald , &c. But above all precious stones , there are none like those which make a perfect man , and a Maid a Mother . Q. Why do fat men love their ease so much ? A. Because the Soul in a fat body lies soft , and is therefore loath to rise . Q. Why have many men no Beards ? A. Because they have their pores so great , that the Nutriment wherewith their Hair should be nourished and entertained is consumed of adust and burnt vapours : To the Tune of , Let Simons Beard alone : Let Simons Beard alone , For 't is no disgrace To spit in his face , For Beard he never had one . Q. Wherefore is it that we are for the most part ill conceited of them that have their Hair of one colour and their Beard of another ? A. Martial shall answer for me in his Epigram against Zoilus , Englished thus : Zoilus red headed and black bearded too ; What squint-eyed and stump-footed in thy shooe ? Thus mark'd , thou art a Knave , or else there 's none ; Thou art not good , ten thousand 't is to one . Q. Why are Citizens Wives so affected with Hats ? A. Because they love to be covered . Q. What is the Diet so much esteemed of by Citizens wives ? A. Though they love flesh better than fish , yet for their better varieties they so diet themselves , that at Noon they feed upon Carps , at Night upon Cods-head , and when they go abroad , they are very well pleased with Place . Q. Why have Hosts usually such red Noses ? A. They are given them by Nature , to shew to the world an experiment of the virtue of what they sell . Q. Why is a Tooth-drawers said to be an unconscionable Trade ? A. Because he takes away those things whereby every man is said to get his living . Q. Why are Saylors so seldom rich ? A. Because they are never so well pleased as when they go down the Wind fastest . Q. Why are Glasiers said to be good Arbitrators ? A. Because they are continually composing of Quarrels ; and unfit to be Constables , because they are constant Quarrellers . Q. Why are Fidlers compared to Camelions ? A. Because they live by the Air. Q. Why are they called unfortunate men ? A. Because they do all against the Hair. Q. How are Players said to be Philosophical ? A. Because they are better contented in their Rags , when they get Money by the Beggars-Bush , or the Jovial Crew , then when they act in their best Cloathes a Courtiers Play , though of an Emperour , and it doth not take , to get them so much Money . Q. How may Coblers be said to be good men ? A. Because they set men upright , and are ever mending of Soles . Q. Why are Carpenters said to be civil , well informed , and governed men as any in a Common-wealth ? A. Because they never do their business without Rule . Q. Why are Tapsters said to be well esteemed ? A. Because they are not only of High Calling , but also of great Reckoning . Q. Why are Printers said to be the most lawless men in a Kingdom ? A. Because they commit Faults cum Privilegio . Q. Why are Carriers said to be wise men ? A. Because they will not meddle with any thing but they will know of what moment or waight it is . Q. How is a Cook said to be a man of the worst digestion ? A. Because as soon as he hath eaten his meat , he will be sure to spit it up again . Q. What Spice doth a City-Sergeant love best ? A. Mace. Q. Why is he that draws Beer not called a Drawer , as well as he that draws wine ? A. Because the Beer makes a man but piss , but 't is the Wine that makes him draw . Q. What may a Taylor be chiefly commend ● for ? A. For one of the most sanctified Members of a Common-wealth ; for how many crooked and untoward bodies doth he make streight , that they may be the uprighter in their Lives and Conversations . Q. Why are Taylors like Woodcocks ? A. Because of their long Bills ; and the long time before they are paid , he that pays them is a Woodcock that doth not make them shorter by the one half , and then they will be long enough in all Conscience . Q. What is a Drunkard like ? A. A Fool , a Mad man , and a Drowned Man : one Draught too much makes him a Fool , the second makes him a mad man , and a third full Flagon Drowns him ; the Crowner is the only man at that time fit to fit upon him . Q. Why do the eyes of a 〈◊〉 for the most part water ? A. It proceeds from the humors that the Drink hath engendred in the Brain , wherewith feeling it self loaden , it sendeth the same again to the eyes , which are full of pores , as if they wept he should be such a Beast . Q. Why do those that are drunk in beholding of one thing think that they see many ? A. This aris●th from the continual and sudden motion of the eyes , proceeding from exhalations and vapours ; so the jealousie of the Cuckold makes him imagine that there is one a bed with his Wife , when there is only one hid under the Bed ; and to imagine there is some body in the room , when he can find none there forsooth , but is good wife and himself . Q. How doth a Drunka●d make himself known to the sober men of this life ? A. By the Pimples of his face , the rich Rubies on his Nose , the redness of his Eyes , the trembling of his Body , the stink of his Breath , and lastly , by his expatiating and staggering , by which he seems to claim a right to the Kings whole high way to tumble , fall , or lie in the Kennel , or any other dirty place where his heavy head weighs him down . Q. What said the Drunkard to those that pe●swaded him to pay his money , and not to put himself to so publike disgrace as to sit in the Stocks ? A. Good sober People , quoth●he , I thank you kindly , but I shall not do so , few 〈◊〉 are best , rest you contented , that money I should pay not to sit here , will make me drunk three or four times more . Q. What difference is there betwixt a Drunkard and a Brewers-horse drawing of a Dray laden with full barrels of Beer ? A. No other , but that the Drunkard hath all the load of drink in his belly , and the Horse all on back . Q. Why are bitter Almonds eaten in the time of tipling , said to preserve for a good space of time from Drunkenness ? A. Because they dry the body , hinder the filling of the veins , and resist the strength of the Wine ; but such as receipts do for the most part obstruct the tender and more friendly operations of Nature are dangerous ; the best remedy against Drunkenness is Sobriety . Probatum est . Q. Why are not Women so soon Drunk ; but old folks suddenly oovercome with Wine ? A. Because the Wine remains longer in the stomachs of old People , they being dry by nature ; even as the water doth in a trough of wood , dry and half putrifi'd : but women are cold and moist , by means whereof , they do the better resist the force of the wine , and withal they have whisking water-works for evacuation . Q. What are the Companiens of Bacchus ? A. I shall answer with the Poet for his Drunkards : Panthers , Tygers , Satyrs , follow Bacchus ; ( us . 〈◊〉 Lust , fury , these and the Devil to boot will thwack Q. Can there be no remedy for this Vice ? A. Plautus was of the mind , that it was easier to dye Ivory to perfect black with Ink , which cannot be ; Horace ( though he was a Drunkard himself ) was of Opinion that a man may sooner part two Bulls in sight , than prevail to stint two Drunkards of their Liquor ; they have a Song which signifies no less : Friends , why do you chide , And stem my drinking tide , Thinking to make me sad , I will , I will be mad , &c. Q. Who are those that draw death out of which others preserve life ? A. The Drunkard and the Glutton . Q. What is the pleasure of Drunkenness ? A. Small Beer in the morning . Q. Whether is a fault committed in Drunkenness to be punished or remitted ? A. He that in Drunkenness committeth any offence is worthy of a double punishment : first , for being drunk , next , for the injury committed ; according to the common saying , He that kills a man when he is Drunk , must be hanged when he is sober . Q. What may come into thy mind by recording of the Musical Vowels , Ut , Re , Me , Fa , Sol , La , M● . A , The Custome of Drunkards when they d●●nk , they begin to quaff at Vt , savingly ; and Re , regularly ; at Me , marvellously ; they hold on to drink in Fa , familiarity ; in Sol , solemnly ; but always conclude in La , Mi because the end of Drunkenness is lamentable and miserable . Q. Why do Drunkards begin from halves te whole ones , and from Pints to Gallons , as if they were at the Discipline of the Old Bayly , from Calves to Bulls and from Bulls to Calves . A. Not without Reason ( till without Reason ) for lesser Draughts cannot so soon intoxicate as the great ones : Nature would be disturbed by the greater quantitins of Draughts , but by the lesser ( as it were by use ) she will bear ●he greater ; as Milo carried his Calf , and by continual Custome carried him till he was an Oxe ; and Drunkards are so often from home , that oftentimes before they can reel thither , their foreheads are so branched , that they can scarcely get their Horns in at their own doors . Q. What Employments , or Places of Command have any of this Society of Drunkards at Sea-service ? Who is Admiral amongst them of the narrow Seas ? A. He that utters his Stomach in his next follows Boots . Q. Who is the Vice-Admiral ? A. He that pisseth under the Table on their Shooes and Stockings . Q. Who is Master of a Ship ? A. He that is flawed in the Company before the rest . Q. Who is Masters Mate ? A. He that is the second who is drunk at the Table . Q. Who is Swabber ? A. He that like a sloven spils his Liquor upon the Table . Q. Who is Pyrat of the Narrow Seas ? A. He that privately and closely stealeth his Liquor . Q. Who is Master-Gunner ? A. He that is troubled with the Hickup . Q. Who is the Cook ? A. He that is still smoaking with a Pipe at his Nose . Q. Who is Trumpetter ? A. He that belcheth either backward or forword . Q. What other Officers , have they in Respect and Dignity , Civil or Martial ? A. Every Office is filled and thronged . Q. What are their Civil Officers , who is their Mayor-Domo or Grand Steward ? A. He that is unruly in his Cups , swaggers , flings Pots and Drawers down stairs , breaks Glasses , and beats the Fidlers about the room . Q. Who is Mr. Comptroler ? A. He that cuts down signs and bushes . Q. Who is Principal Secretary ? A. He that wins the favour of his Hostesses-Daughter to lie with her . Q. Who is Mr. of the Ceremonies ? A. He that stands upon his strength and begins new Healths . Q. Who is Oliver , or Master of the Novelties ? A. He that begins new frolicks . Q. Who is a Mr. of Misrule ? A. He that flings Cushions , Napkins , Trenchers , Pint-Pots , Quart-Pots , Tobacco-Pipe , &c. about room . Q. Who is Mr. of the Wardrobe . A. He that wanting Money , pawns his Cloak . Q. Who is Clerk of the Kitching ? A. He that calls for Rashers , pickled Oysters , Anchovies , &c. Q. Who is Proctor ? A. He that talks much and speaks Nonsense . Q. Who is Register ? A. He that tells tedious and long Tales . Q. Who is publlick Notary ? A. He that takes the Tale out of anothers mouth . Q. What are their Martial Preferments ; who amongst them is Colonel of a Regiment ? A. He that drinks in his Boots and gingling Spurs . Q. Who is Captain of a foot Company ? A. He that drinks in silk Stockings and silk Garters . Q. Who is Marshal of the Field ? A. He that flings Pottle and Quart-pots down the stairs . Q. Who is Mr. of the Ordnance ? A. He that begins three Healths together round the Table . Q. Who is Camp Master ? A. He that calls first for a Looking-glass . Q. Who is Corporal of the Field ? A. He that washeth the Faggots with pissing in the Chimney . Q. Who is Drum Major ? A. He that thunders in the room and beats the Drawer . Q. Who is the Ensign-Bearer ? A. He that looks red and Colours in his drink . Q. Who is Gentleman of a Company ? A. He that thrusts himself into a Company , and hangs upon others . Q. Who is Lanspresado ? A. He that keeps Company , and hath but two pence to spend . Q. Who is Sutler ? A. He that pockets up Gloves , Knives and Handkercheifs . Q. Who is an old Souldier ? A. He that drinks three days and nights together . Exempli gratia . H. Q. Who is an Intelligencer ? A. He that swears , and lyes in his drink . Q. What Orders have they amongst them for their better Government ? Who is Tenant amongst them in Fee-simple ? A. He that makes himself a laughing-stock to the whole Company . Q. Who are Tenants in Dower ? A. When two or three Women meet twice or thrice a week to take a Gossips Cup. Q. Who is a Free-holder ? A. He whose Wife goes with him to the Ale-house . Q. Who is Tenant at Will ? A. He whose Wife uses to fetch him home . Q. Who is Foreman of the Jury ? A. He that ingrosseth all the talk to himself . Q. What are their Penal Statutes , Forfeitures and W●its ? A. No man ought to call a good Fellow a Drunkard ; but at any time he sees a defect in his Neighbour'ow ; he may without a forfeit say , he is foxt , he is flaw'd , fluster'd , cup shot , cut in the leg or back , he hath seen the French King , or , His Mother , he hath swallowed a Hare , or White-foot tumbled him backwards , he hath bit his Grannam , he is bit by a barn Weesel , &c. Q. What is their Writ of , By what Right ? A. If a Drunkard sits long in the Tavern and shall be fetch'd home by his Wife . Q. What are the Books that they chiefly study . A. Some of them are of the old Translation as Tankard , the Black-Jack , the Quart-pot rib'd , &c. Those of the New Translation , are , the Tug , Mug , Bottle , Beaker , Single - Can●e , or Black-pot , Bran. +dy-bottle , with Pipes ready fill'd with Tobacco Q. Who is he that studies the Metaphysicks ? A. He that builds Castles in the Air. Q. Who is he that shudies Cosmography ? A. He that brags of his Travels . Ir. B. Q. Who is an expert Geometrician ? A. He that reels from one side of the kennel ( being led ) and falls into the High-way . Q. Who is a good Navigator ? A. He that going homewards falls in the dirt , or Ditch with a Gown . Q. What are the Customes of this Learned Society of Drunkards , which they have ordained like the Laws of the Medes and Persians , to be unalterable ? A. Not to drink to any man , if a Woman be in presence . Not to drink to the Tapster , or Drawer , upon pain of drinking twice . To keep the first man , and to know to whom you drink . To have a care to see your self pledg'd . That you see the health go round . I shall break up School with Anacreon , the Poets drunken Verses . The parched Earth drinks the Rain , Trees drink off that ag ain : Rivers the Se as do quaff , Sol drinks the Ocean off . And when the Health is done ; Pale Cynthia drinks the Son. SONGS In Fashion , Since the publishing the last New Academy of Complements . Captain Digby's Farewel . FArewel fair Amida . my Joy & my Grief ; In vain I have lov'd you , and hop'd no relief : Undone by your Virtue , too strickt and severe ; Your Eyes gave me Love , and you gave me Despair . Now call'd by my Honour , I seek with content , The Fate which in pity you would not prevent . To languish in Love , were to find by delay A Death , that 's more welcome the speediest way . On Seas , and in Battles , in Bullets , and Fire , The danger is less , than in hopeless desire . My deaths-wound you gave me , though far off I were ; My fall from your sight , not to cast you a Tear , But if a kind Flood or a Wave should convey , And under your Window my body would lay ; The Wound on my Breast when you happen to see , You will say with a figh 't was given by me . A Lover dying with delight . WHilst Alexis lay prest , in her arms he lov'd best ; With his hands round her neck , and his head on her breast , He found the first pleasures too stay , And his Soul in the Tempest was flying away . When Celia saw this , with a sigh and a kiss She cri'd , Oh , my Dear ! am I rob'd of my bliss , 'T was unkind to your love , and unfaithfully done , To leave me behind you , and die all alone . The Youth though in hast , and breathing his last , In pity di'd slowly , whil'st she di'd more fast , Till at length she cri'd , now my Love , now let us go , Now die my Alexis , and I will die too . Thus intranc'd they did lie , till Alexis did try , To recover more breath , that again he might die , Thus often they di'd , oh ! the more they did so , The Nymph di'd more quick , and the Shepheard more ●low . The Lover in a Quandary . ALl day do I sit inventing , While I live so single alone , Which way to wed to my contenting , And yet can resolve upon none . There 's a Wench whose Wealth would inrich me . But she not delights me : There 's a Wench whose wealth doth inrich me . There 's anothers Eyes do bewitch me ; But her fashion frights me . He that herein Ha's a Traveller been , And at length in his longing sped , What shall I do , Tell me whom , I shall wooe , For I long to be lustily Wed. Shall I with a Widow marry ? No , no , she such watch will bear , To spy how my self I do carry . I shall always live in fear : Shall I to a Maid be a Wooer : Maydens are lov'd of many : Knowing not whom to be sure , Are very unsure to any . Marry to Youth , There is love without Truth ; For the Young cannot long be just . And Age if I prove , There 's Truth without Love , For the Old are too cold to lust . An Item for Marriage . TO Friend and to Foe , And to all that I know , That to Marriage estate do prepare ; Remember your days , In several ways Are troubled with sorrow and care . For he that doth look In the marri'd mans Book And read but his Items all over , Shall find them to come At length to a Sum , Shall empty Purse , Pocket and Coffer . In pastimes of Love When their labours do prove , And the fruit beginneth to kick ; For this and for that , And I know not for what , The Woman must have or be sick . There 's Item set down For a loose bodi'd Gown ; In her longing you must not deceive her : For a Bodkin , a Ring , Or the other fine things , For a Whisk , a Scarf , or a Beaver . Deliver'd and well , Who is 't cannot tell ; Thus whil'st the Child lies at the Nipple , There 's Item for Wine ' Mongst Gossips so fine , And Sugar to sweeten their Tipple . There 's Item , I hope For Water and Soap , There 's Item for Fire and Candle : For better and worse , There 's Item for Nurse The Babe to dress and to dandle . When swaddled in lap , There 's Item for Pap , And Item for Pot , Pan , and Ladle ; A Corral with Bells , Which custome compels , And Item ten Groats for a Cradle . With twenty odd Knacks , Which the little One lacks ; And thus doth t●y pleasure bewray thee : But this is the sport In Country and Court ; Then let not these Pastimes betray thee . A Sigh for She knows not what . TO little or no purpose I spent many days In ranging the Park , the Exchange , and the Plays ; Yet ne'r in my rambles till now did I prove So lucky , to meet with the man I could love . Now oh ! how I 'm pleas'd to think of the man That I find I must love , let me do what I can . How long I shall love him , I can no more tell Than had I a Feaver , when I should be well ; My passion shall kill me before I will shew it ; And yet I would give all the World he did know it . Then oh ! how I sigh ! when I think he should wooe me ; I cannot deny , what I know , would undo me . The pleasant Dream . LAst night I dreamed of my Love , When sleep did overtake her , It was a ptetty drowsie Rogue , She slept , I durst not wake her . Her Lips were like to Corral , red , A thousand times I kist'em ; And a thousand mere I might have stoll'n , She never could have mist 'em . Her crisped Locks like threds of Gold Hung dangling or'r the Pillow ; Great pity was that one fair , Should ever wear th'Green-willow . I folded down the Holland-sheet , A little below her Belly ; But what I did you ne'r shall know , Nor is it meet to tell yee . Her Belly 's like to yonder Hill , Some call it Mount of Pleasure ; And underneath there springs a Well , Which no mans depth can measure . Not a Word of the Pudding . Y' Are undone , ye Women in Town , If with speed you prevent not your ruine : The pride of your Flesh must come down , Here are Plots and severe ones a brewing . Whil'st like Cats you play with your Tails , To be thought to care little for ours : Youmind not how drinking prevails , And much lessens the value of yours . Inflam'd with our Wine , we disdain To remember the Chains we have worn , And till you dou do prize them again , Your repentance shall equal your scorn . You may think , Dear Hearts , what you please , We 're resolv'd to dispute your Commands . Until we bring — on her Knees , Not a — shall be kind , though it stands . The Womens Answer . Y' Are deceiv'd in your Plots and your Tricks , To think to rob us of our pleasure : Since we rais'd up the pride of your — Upon Hector and Huff without measure . You Pimps , you can sooner be damn'd , Than to live a whole Lent upon Fish . Drink on Bully-Fops , and be drunk , Be mad , and profuse of your Coin ; That leads you the way to your Punk ; 'T is the only effects of good Wine . But then if your spirits should move , You 'd be glad to make us amends ; And rather than lose what you love , You 'd be glad to kiss — and be friends . A Catch . THe Pot and the Pipe , the cup and the Can , Have quite undone , quite undone many a man. The Hawk & the Hound , the Dice , & the Whore , Have quite undone , quite undone as many more . The flames of Desire . DO not ask me charming Phillis , Why I lead you here alone , By this bank of Pinks and Lillies , And of Roses newly blown . 'T is not to behold the beauty Of those Flowers which crown the Spring : 'T is to — but I know my duty , And dare never name the thing . 'T is at worst but her denying , Why should I thus fearful be ; Every minute gently flying , Smiles , and says , make use of me . What the Sun do's to those Roses Whilst the Beams play sweetly in ; I wu'd — but my fear opposes , And I dare not name the thing . Yer I die , if I conceal it , Ask mine eyes , or ask your own ; And if neither dare reveal it , Think what Lovers think alone . On this bank of Pinks and Lillies , Might I speak what I wu'd do I wu'd with my lovely Phillis , I wu'd , I wud , ah , wu'd you . The Art of loving . COme hither young Sinner , Thou raw young beginner ; I 'le shew thee if thou canst understand me , All the ways of a Wench , Be she English or French , More than Ovid , de Anti Amandi : I 'le reach thee to know Borh the who , and the how , And the when , and the where to delight ; If she simper or Saint it , Or patch it or paint it , I 'le warrant thee , Boy , she is right . If she jigg with her Thighs , Or twinkle with her Eyes , She bids you come on , if you like her ; If without joys or fears , She can laugh and shed tears ; 'T is the only true trick of a Striker : If she sighs when she speaks , Or doth use many freaks , She is deeply in love , by this light ; If you tread on her Toe , And she answer thee so , I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l smile , and she 'l frown , She 'l laugh and lie down , At every turn you must tend her : She 'l peep in her Glass , And dispraise her own Face , On purpose that you may commend her : With Love-tales and Fancies Pickt out of Romances , She 'l angle to try if you 'l bite . If she speak in a passion , Or make application . I 'le warrant , &c. If she stand at a distance , There is no resistance ; Her very retreat is a Call : She 'l stare in your Eyes , Like a Pyrate for a Prize ; As if she would say , have at all . She 'l shew you her brew , To guess at the rest , The Fountain of Love and delight : If she sit in thy lap , Beware of a trap . I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l hit and she 'l miss , She 'l be coy , and she 'l kiss , To try and find out what you are : One action shall say , Pray Sir , go away ; And another , Come on , if you dare : She 'l give you a glance , Like Heav'n in a trance , No Diamond nor Saphir so bright . If she drink Wine and Burrage . And kiss with a courage . I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l set you more snares , Than her tire hath hairs ; She 's subtle and swift in invention : If you jest and mean loosly , Though ne'r so reclusely , She 'l shew you her quick apprehension : Her Plots are abounding , She fits hath of sounding ; If she call on your name in the f●ight , Blind Cupid hath hit her , And you too may fit her . I 'le warrant , &c. When Nol stole the Scepter , She canted in Scripture , And went to St. Antholines Lecture : But now she doth trade , Like a right Reformade , And is a Decoy for the Hectors . She 'l swear she is free From all men but thee , And blush like a Bride the first night . If she squint through her hood , 'T is to heighten thy blood . I 'le warrant , &c. Her turne and her windings , Are past your out-findings . She hath so many changeable tempers : She 'l give you a look , Like a Virgin forsook , With another Command like an Empress : This sign never misses , If she squeak when she kisses , And glimmers like Stars in the night : If she give thee a trip With her lose lower-lip , I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l kiss and cry Quarter , Unlosen her Garter , That you may take 't up as a favour ; When you ty 't on again , She 'l cry , What d' ye mean : Y' are a man of a loose behaviour : Yet thus will she play , To direct you the way To the Center and seat of delight : If she 's troubled with qualms , And sweat in the palms , I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l bid you forbear , Y' are uncivil , my Dear , She tempts in her very denial s When tongue cries , Be gone ; Her looks cry , Come on , The ticklings are only for trials : When Rams do retreat ; More courage they get ; And tilt wit with redoubled might : No sight can so move , As the Landskip of Love. I 'le warrant , &c. She 'l give you to wear A bracelet of Hair , And that as a fetter she 'l lock on : But let me perswade ye , One hair of a Lady , Will draw more than ten Team of Oxen. Thus have I in brief , Told the marks of the Thief , That filches affection by slight : But if she prevail , Thou' rt a slave in a Goal , And Honour will bid thee good night . The Rapture . CAlm was the Evening , and clear was the Sky , And new budding Flowers did spring , When all alone went Amintas and I To hear the sweet Nightingal sing . I sate , and he laid him down by me , And scarcely his breath he could draw ; But when with a fear , He began to come near , He was dasht with an ah ah , ah . He blusht to himself , and lay still for a while , And his modesty curb'd his desire , But streight I convinc'd all his fears with a smile , Which added new flames to his fire . Ah , Sylvia ! said he , you are cruel , To keep your poor Lover in awe ; Then once more he prest , With his hands to my brest , But was dasht with on ah , ah , ah . I knew 't was his passion caus'd all his fear , And therefore I pitied his case ; I whisper'd him softly , there 's no body near , And laid my cheek close to his face : But as he grew bolder , A Shepherd came by us , and saw ; And just as our bliss Began with a kiss , He burst out with ha , ha , ha , ha , I bad him be quiet for fear of the Swain , And follow me down to the Grove , Where we crope in a Cave , and chatter'd again , The dangers that prosecute Love , He plaid with my pretty white shooe-strings ; My legs he did tickle and claw ; But do what I cou'd , Yet he forced my blood , And I squeek't with an ha , ha , ha . The small of my leg he did prettily praise , And my calf that so roundly did rise ; I wink'd and I frown'd at his foolish delays , Which made him skip up to my thighs : He plaid with my soft panting Belly ; I bad to his fingers no law : But when he did touch What he loved so much , He burst out with an ha , ha , ha . A Song of Nothing . I 'Le Sing you a Sonnet that ne're was in Print , 'T is truly and newly come out of the Mint , I 'l tell you before-hand , you 'l find nothing in 't . On nothing I think , and on nothing I write , 't is nothing I court , yet nothing I slight , Nor care I pin , if I get nothing by 't . Fire , Air , Earth , and water , beasts , birds , fish and men , Did start out of nothing , a Chaos , a Den ; And all things shall turn into nothing again . 'T is nothing sometimes makes many things hit As when fools among wise men do silently sit , A fool that says nothing , may pass for a Wit. What one man loves is another mans loathing , This Blade loves a quick thing , that loves a slow thing , And both do in the conclusion love nothing , Your Lad that makes love to a delicate smooth thing , And thinking with sighs to gain her and soothing , Frequently makes much ado about nothing . At last when his patience and purse is betra'id , He may to the bed of a Whore be betray'd ; But she that hath nothing , must need be a Maid . Your slashing , and clashing , and slashing of wit , Doth start out of nothing , but Fancie and fit ; 'T is little or nothing to what hath been writ . When first by the ears we together did fall , Then something got nothing , and nothing got all ; From nothing it came , and to nothing it shall . That party that seal'd to a Cov'nant in haste , Who our 3 Kingdoms , and Churches lie waste ; Their project , and all came to nothing at last . They raised an Army of Horse and Foot , To tumble down Monarchy , Branches and Root ; They thunder'd and plunder'd , but nothing would do 't . The organ , the altar , and Ministers clothing In Presbyter Jack begot such a loathing , That he must needs raise a petty New nothing . And when he had rob'd us in sanctifi'd clothing Perjur'd the people by faithing and trothing ; At last he was catch't , and all came to nothing . In several Factions we quarrel and brawl , Dispute , and contend ; and to fighting we fall ; I 'le lay all to nothing , that nothing wins all . When war and rebellion , and plundering grows , The Mendicant man is freest from foe s , For he is most happy hath nothing to lose . Brave Caesar and Pompey , and Great Alexander , Whom Armies follow'd as Goose follows Gander , Nothing can say 't is an action of slander . The wisest great Prince , were he never softout , Though conquer the world , & give mankind a rout , Did bring nothing in , nor shall bring nothing out . Old Nol that arose from Low-thing to High-thing , By brewing Rebellion , Micking , & Frothing , In sev'n years distance was all things and nothing . Dick. ( Olivers Heir ) that pitiful slow-thing , Who was once invested with purple-cloathing , Stands for a Cypher , and that stands for nothing . If King killers bold are excluded from bliss , Old Bradshaw ( that feels the reward on 't by this ) Had better been nohing , than what now he is . Blind Collonel Hewson , that lately did crawl Te lofty degree , from a low Coblers stall , Did bring Aul to nothing , when Aul came to all . Your Gallant that Rants in delicate clothing , Though lately he was but a pitiful low-thing , Pays Landlord , Draper and Taylor with nothing . The nimble-tongu'd Lawyer that pleads for his pay When death doth arrest him & bear him away , At the Gen'ral Bar will have nothing to say . Whores that in silk were by Galants embrac't , By a rabble of Prentices lately were chac't , Thus courting , and sporting comes to nothing at last . If any man tax me with weakness of wit , And say that on nothing , I nothing have writ ; I shall answer , ex nihilo nihil fit . Yet let his discreetion be never so tall , This very word nothing shall give it a fall ; For writing of nothing , I comprehend all . Let every man give the Poet his due , ' Cause then it was with him as now it 's with you ; He studi'd it when he had nothing to do . This very word nothing , if took the right way , May prove advantageous , for what would you say , If the Vintner should cry , there is nothing to pay . A Catch , of Something , WIll it please you to hear a fine Ditty , In praise of a six footed Creature , That lives both in Countrey and City : She is wonderous loving by nature , She profereth her service to any , She 'le stick fast but that she 'le prevail : She is entertained by many , Till death , no master will fail . She 'l venter as far in the Battle , As any Commander that goes : She commonly plays Jack-a-both sides , She cares not a 〈◊〉 for her Foes ; For she is sure to be shot free , To kill her no Sword will prevail ; But if she be taken pris'ner , She 's crushed to death with a nail . She perfectly hates a neat Laundress , And all those that set her on work ; For all her delights in foul linnen , In the seams she doth privately lurk : For she 's for him that 's non-suited , Or any good Fellow that lacks . She will be as good Friend to him , As his shirt that sticks to his back . More plainly I cannot describe her , For she had her beginning at first ; She Sprung from the Loyns of great Pharoah , And that by his Queen she was nurst : But if you should be displeased , It is but in vain for to fight her ; I have no more now to say of her , But that she is a back-biter . A Song . WHen Aurelia first I courted , She had youth and beauty too , Killing pleasures when she sported , And her Charms were ever new ; Conquering Time doth now deceive her Which her glories did uphold , All her Arts can ne're retrieve her , Poor Aurelia's growing old . The airy Spirits which invited , Are retir'd , and move no more ; And those Eyes are now benighted , Which were Comets heretofore . Want of these abate her merits , Yet I've passion for her name , Only kind and am'rous Spirits Kindle and maintain a flame . A New Song . ALl the flatt'ries of Fate , And the pleasures of state , Are nothing so sweet , as what Love does create . If this you deny , 'T is time I should die , Kind Death 's a Reprive if you threaten to hate : In some close shady Grove , Will I wander and rove With the Nightingal , and Disconsolate Dove , With down-hanging Wing , I will mournfully sing , The tragick Events of unfortunate Love. With our plaints wel'l conspire , To heighten Loves fire . Still vanquishing life , till at length we 'll expire . And when I am dead , In a cold leasie Bed , Be interr'd with the Dirge of a desolate Quire. Another . I 'Le go to my Love where he lies in the deep , And in my embraces my dearest shall sheep , When we wake , the kind Dolphins together shall throng , And in Chariot of Shells shall draw us along . The Orient hath Pearls , whith the Ocean bestows , And mixed with Coral a Crown to compose Though the Sea-nymphs do spite us , and even our bliss , We will teach them to love , & the Cockles to kiss . For my Love lies now in watry Grave , And hath nothing to shew for his Tomb but a Wave , I 'le kiss his dear Lips than the Coral more red , Thar grows where he lies in his watry Bed. Ah , Ah , Ah , my Love 's dead ; There 's not a Bell , But a Triton's Shell , To ring , to ring out his Knell . A Song . I Pass all the Night in a shady old Grove , But I live not the day that I see not my Love ; I survey ev'ry walk now my Phillis is gone , And sigh when I think we were there all alone : O then 't is , O then 't is , I think there 's no Hell , Like loving , like loving too well . But each Grove , and each conscious Bank when I find , Where I once happy , and she hath been kind , And spy where her print in the green doth remain , And imagine the pleasures may yet come again ; O then 't is , O then 't is , I think no joys above , Like the pleasures , the pleasures of Love. But while I repeat to my self all her charms , She I love may be lock'd in another mans arms , She may laugh at my cares , and so false may she be , To say all the kind things , she before said to me , O then , 't is , O then , 't is I think there 's no Hell , Like loving , like loving too well . But when I consider the truth of her heart , Such innocent passion so kind without Art , I fear I have wrong'd her , and hope she may be , So full of true love , to be jealous of me . O then 't is , O then 't is , I think it no Joys above , Like the pleasures , the pleasures of Love. The Thief-Ketchers Song . Good People give ear whil'st a Story I tell , Of twenty black Tradesmen were brought up in hell , On purpose poor people to rob of their due There 's none shall noozed , if you find but one true ; The first was a Coyner that stampt in a Mould , The second a Voucher to put off his Gold : Tour you well , Hark you well , See where they are rub'd , Vp to the Nubbing-Cheat , And there they 're nubb'd . The the third was a Padder , that fell to decay ; And vvhen he was living , took to the High way . The fourth is a Mill-ken , to crack up a Door ; He 'll venture to rob both the Rich and the Poor , The fifth is a Glasier , who when he creeps in : To pinch all the Lurry , he thinks it no sin . Tour you well , &c. The sixth is a Foyl-cloy , that not one Hick spare . The seventh is a Budge , to track up the stairs : The eighth is a Bulk , that can bulk any hick ; If the Master be napt , then bulk he is sick . The ninth is a Ginny , to lift up a Grate ; If he sees but the Lurry , with his hooks he will bate . Tour you well , &c. Th tenth is a Shoplist that carries a Bob , When he ranges the City the Shops for to rob . The eleventh is a Bubber , much used of late , He goes to the Alehouse , & steals there the Plate . The twelfth a Trapan , if a Cull he doth meet , He nips all his Cole , and turns him i' th' street . Tour you well , &c. The thirteenth a Famble , false Rings for to sell , When a Mob he has bit , his Cole he will tell . The fourteenth a Gamester , if he sees the Hic sweet , He presentry drops down a Cog in the street . The fifteenth a Prancer , vvhose courage is small ; If they catch him horse-coursing he 's noozed for al. Tour you well , &c. The sixteenth a She-napper , vvhose Trade's so deep , If he 's caught in the Corn , he 's mark'd for a sheep . The seventeenth a Dun-aker , that vvill make vows , To go in the Countrey , and steal all the Cows . The eighteenth a Kid-napper , Spirits young men , Though he tip them the piks , they nap him agen . Tour you well , &c. The nineteenth is a Prigger of the Cacklers , Goe . into the Countrey to visit the Farmers , He steals their Poultry , and thinks it no sin , When into the Hen-roost i' th' night he gets in . The twentieth a Thief-catcher , so we him call , If he nap a poor Tradesman , he pays for all . Tour you well , &c. There 's many more Craftsmen which I could name , That do use such like trades , yet think it no shame : These may a young Convert confess to his grief , Are all the black Trades of a Gentleman Thief : Who though a good Workman , is seldom made free , Till he rides on a Cart to be nooz'd on a Tree . Tour you well , Hark you well , See where they are rub'd , Vp to Nubbing-Cheat , And there they 're nubb'd . THE EPILOGUE : OR , Vices SAD CATASTROPHE . Of Covetousness . THe better hap a man hath to attain to Riches , the more he is accursed , in being more tormented with the feavers of the mind and unquietness . This Vice is held to be the root of all evil , lacking as well those things which it enjoyeth , as which it wanteth . THe Scithians only make no use of Gold and Silver , for ever detesting and condemning the monstrous sin of covetousness . Solinus . Caligula , was so covetous , that there was no kind of lucre , or mean to get money by , how unlawful soever it were , which he sought not out , insomuch as he laid a tribute upon Urine , and sold his Sisters Gowns , whom he had sent into banishment . Vale●ius . Calipha , King of Persia , having filled a Tower with Gold , Jewels , and precious Stores , and being in war with Allan King of Tar●ary , was so ill● succoured of his own people , because he would not give them their pay , that he was taken of Allan , and famished in that Tower where all his Treasure lay . Dionysius the Elder , advertised of one that had hid great store of money , commanded him upon pain of death to bring it to him , which he did , although not all ; but with the remainder dwelt in another place , & bestowed it upon an Inheritance , when Dionysius heard thereof , he sent him that which he took from him , saying , Now thou knowest how to use riches , take that I had from thee . Hermocrates , ready to die , bequeathed his goods to himself . One at the hour of his death , swallowed many pieces of God , and sewed the rest in his Coat , commanding that it should be buried with him Atheneus . One besieged in the Tower of Cassilino by Hannibal , chose rather to sell a Rat which he had ●aken for 200 Roman pence , than to satisfie hi● hunger , whereof he died ●raight after , but the other saved his life by that dear meat . Valerius . The Popes Camera , or Eschequer , is like unto the Sea , wherein to all Rivers do run , and yet it overfl●weth not . P. Martyr . The old Clergy being asked why they cannot live by 〈…〉 liness but by covetousness , answered , Nunc aliud tempus , alii pro tempore mores . Polychr . Demonica betrayed Ephesus to Brennus of Senona for Gold , who demanded her reward of him , who brought her to a great heap of gold , and loaded her so heavy therewith , that she died under the burden . Euclio , had hidden such treasure under the ground , that he durst go out of his house for fear of robbing , nor tarry in it for fear of killing . Plautus . Adrian , sirnamed Sophista , when a neighbour of his had sent him a few dainty fishes , for a present in a silver dish ; he took both the silver dish and the fishes , saying to the Messenger , Thank thy Master , and tell him , I take his fishes for Novelties , and his silver dish for a present . Simonides , when he was requested to do any thing gratis , id est , for nothing , said , That he had two Chests , the one shut up for thanks , the other open for money . Plut. Vespasian , when he heard that a silver Image of great substance should be made for a Monument of his worthiness , he straight held out his hand , saying , Behold , here is a place ready to set an Image , a sure foundation from falling . Vespasian , of pure misery , niggardship , and covetousness , commanded in Rome to be made publike places to receive Urine , not to keep the City more sweet , but to the end they should give him more rent . Suetouius . Simonides , being demanded why he hoo●ded up money towards the end of his old age , Because ●quoth he ) I had rather leave my goods to mine enemies , than to have need of the relief of my friends while I am alive . Virgil , in his sixth book of Aeneiads , putteth those persons in Hell , which have done no good to their friends , kinsfolk , and neighbours , but have been wholly wedded to their riches , without imparting them to others . Virgil. Ochus , King of Persia , would never go into the Countrey of Perseland , because that by the Law of the Realm , he was bound to give to every woman that had born children , one French crown , and to every woman with child two . Plato , thought it almost impossible , for a man very rich to be honest , yet Solon as wise as he , desired to have riches , but not to get them by wrong . Plut. Anacreon , having received of Polycrates five talents for a gift , was so much troubled for the space of two nights with care , how he might keep them , and how to imploy them best , that he carried them back again , saying , That they were not worth the p●ins he had already taken for them . Socrates , being sent for by K. Archelaus , to come and receive store of Gold , sent him word that a measure was sold in Athens for a penny double ; and that water cost him nothing . Lyc●rgus , abrogated the use of Gold and Silver coyn , and appointed Iron money to be currant , by this means he banished from them the desire of Riches . Caligula , took of every Curtezan , as much of her gain as she could get of any man at once . Pertinax , being advanced to the degree of Emperor , did not forget his niggardliness , but parted Lettice and Ar●ichooks in two , that the one half might be for his dinner , and the other for his Supper . Eutropius . The Parsimony of Fabritius , is not to be condemned , for the age wherein he lived , ought to excuse him , in the which all magnificence was unknown to the Romans . Justinian the Emperor , for himself procured Riches , and for the Devil he cheapned Souls , he was covetous , and maintained the heresie of the Pelagians . Epimenides , curse of Riches was , that all the Treasures hoarded up by the covetous , should be wasted by the prodigal . The Romans , and the Carthaginians , were friends a long time , but after they knew there was in Spain great mines of Gold and Silver , immediately arose between them Civil Wars . P. Diaconus . Darius , being very rich and covetous , sent to Alexander in scorn , to know where he had treasure to maintain such an Army , who answered , Tell thy Master that he keepth in his Coffe●s his Treasures of Metals . and I have no other Treasure than the hearts of my friends . Plutarch . Angelot , a Cardinal , was so covetous . that by a false door he descended into the Stable , and every night stole away the Oates which his Horse-keepers had given his Horses , and continued it so long , till one of the Horse-keepers hiding himself in the stable , did so belabour him with a Pikefork , that he had much adoe to crawl away . J. Pontanus . Of Sloth . In this Vice , Wit , Vnderstanding , Wisdom , and all honest endeavours are buried , as it were in a grave , from which ariseth the loathsome stench of corrupt maners and disordered life , making of men women , of women beasts , of beasts monsters . ALexander , an Emperor of the East , given to to great idleness , demanded if he had long to live , they answered him , Yea , If he could take away the teeth of a brazen Boar that stood in the Market-place ; meaning thereby , that he should shorten his days , except he gave over his idleness . Zonarus . A Senator of Rome , who was falured by an other , riding in his Chariot , answered , I will not say God save you , since in going thus at your ease , you shew you have no desire to live long . Epaminondas , discharged all his Souldiers that grew fat , saying , That as a woman too fat doth not easily conceave , so doth fat hinder a man from doing his charge , as Arms which are too heavy . Scipio , being arrived at his Camp , banished all Souldiers slaves , and Pages , and all unprofitable people , and made each one to carry his own Armour . The Sabies , having abundance of all kind of Riches , spent their times slothfully . The Nabathies , having nothing but what they get by their virtue and labour , are good husbands , and abandon all idleness , Metellus , when he was arrived in Africa , he took away whatsoever might seem to no●ri●h slothfulness , and caused Proclamation to be made , that none should presume to sell either bread or any other food dressed ; that the Carriers of water should not follow the Camp , that the Souldiers should have no Pages , no Beasts of Carriage , that each one should keep his rank , cast his Trench , and carry his Victuals together with his Furniture . Salust . In the Islands named Bal●ares in Spain the Children might not eat , untill they with their slings they had strucken down their meat , which their Parents used ●o set for them upon an high beam or pool . Pliny . Epaminondas killed one of his Souldiers being asleep , that was set to watch , saying , that he left him in the same estate that he found him . The Kings of Persia and Macedonia , were every morning awaked , to put them in mind to take care of that which God had committed to their charge . Herodo● . At certain Games of Olympus , there came a Philosopher of Thebes , which had made all the apparel he wore himself ; the Assembly marvelling that one could do all this ; he answered , The sloth of man is the cause that one Art is divided into divers ; for ●e that knoweth all Arts together , must needs know one alone . He was reputed a valn glorious Phil●sopher . More hurtful was the City of Carthage to Rome after her destruction , than during the whole course and season of Wars which the Romans had with her ; for that whilest they had enemies in Africk , they knew not what vices meant in Rome . Guevara . The great Numantia in Spain could never be won ( notwithstanding fourteen years siege of the Romans ) till Scipio purged his Camp of loyterers , perfumers , and Harlots . Darius plunged the Babylonis in all manner of idlenes , that they might not have the heart afterward to rebel . The same policie used Cimon to diminish the force of his Allies , by granting them whatsoever they required . The carelesness and negligence of Dionysius the Younger , getting the upper-hand of him , carried him to women and lechery , and at length did break in sunder his Adamant chains ; that is , the greatnumber of his warlike Souldiers , and his store of Gallies , of whom his Father had boasted that he left his Kingdom fast chained to his Son. Sardanapalus through his slothfulnes was overcome by Artabactus , and lost the Monarchy of Assyria . The Pheacons counted it the greatest felicity that might be , to do nothing , 〈◊〉 . The Romans used to punish idleness so sharply , that the husbandman whose ground was found barren , and his pastures unoccupied , was presently put from the place , and his ground given to another man. Macarius and Diogenes , for that they would not be accounted idle persons , the one would remove heaps of sand from place to place , and the other would tumble his tub up and down . Augustus did win the Souldiers unto him with rewards , the common sort with plenty of Victuals , and all generally with the pleasure of ease . Tacitus . When Augustus reproached a certain Player becayse through his occasion there was a tumult among the people , he answered , It is good for thee , O Casar , that the people be with held by our idle exercises , from busying their brains about other matters . Of Gluttony . This deadly enemy to health , replenisheth the body with Humors , Wind , Inflammations , Distillations and Operations ; and change of Meats draweth pleasure out of the bounds of sufficiencie ; Pleasure , in all things which pleaseth , where as in simple and uniform things , delight never exceedeth the appetite and natural necessity . THe Arigentines builded as though they should always live , and did seed as though they should always die . Plato . The Emperor Septimus Severus and Jovinianus died with eating and drinking too much . Valentinianus a famous Emperor , died suddenly of a surset . Lucullus being asked one day by his Servant , whom he had invited to his feast , seeing so much meat prepared ? answered , Lucullus shall dine with Lucallus . Plut. Vitellius Spinter , was so much given to gluttony and excess , that at one supper , he was served with two thousand several kind of fishes , and with 7000 flying Fowl. Muleasses King of Tennis , after he was deprived of his Kingdom , in his return out of Almaign , being without hope that the Emperor Charles the fifth would help him at all , he spent one hundred Crowus upon a Peacock dressed for him . Maximilian the Emperor devoured in one day forty pounds of flesh , and drunk an hogshead of Wine . Geta the Emperor , for three days together continued his Festival , and his delicates were brought in by order of the Alphabet . Astydamas being invited by Ariobarzanes to a Banquet , eat up all that alone , which was provided for divers Guests . There was a Contention between Hercules and Lepreas which of them both should-first devour an Oxe , in which attempt Lepreas was overcome ; afterwards he challenged him for drinking , but Hercules was his Master . Aglais , whose practise was to sound the Trumpet , devoured at every meal twelve pounds of flesh , with as much bread , as two bushels of wheat would make , and three gallons of Wine . Philoxenes , a notorious glutton , wished he had a neck like a Crane , that the sweet meat which he eat might be long in going down . Ravisius . Lucullus at a solemn and costly feast he made to certain Embassadors of Asia , among other things , he did eat a Griph boiled , and a Goose in paste . Lucullus took great pains himself in furnishing of a Feast , and when he was asked why he was so curious in setting out a banquet , he answered That there was as great disrcetion to be used in marsh●lling of a Feast , as in the ordering of a Battle , that the one might be terrible to his enemies , and the other acceptable to his friends . Plut. In Rhodes , they that love fish , are accounted right courteous , and free-hearted men , but he that delighteth more in flesh , is ill thought of , and to his great shame is reputed a bondslave to his belly . Sergius Galba was a devouring and gluttonous Emperor , for he caused at one banquet seven thousand birds to be killed . Xerxes having tasted of the figs of Athens , sware by his Gods that he would eat no other all his life after , and went forthwith to prepare an Army to conquer Grecia , for no other cause but to fill his belly full of the figs of that Countrey . The Sicilians dedicated a Temple to Gluttony , and erected Images to Bacchus and Ceres , the God and Goddes of Wine and Corn. M. Manlius , in times past made a Book of divers ways how to dress meat , and another of the tastes , sauces and divers means of services , which were no sooner published , but by the decree of the Senate , they were burned , and if he had not fled speedily into Asia , he had been burned with them . There was a Law in Rome called Fahia , by which it was prohibited , that no man should dispend in the greatest Feast he made , above an hundred Sextexterces . Nisoeus a Tirant of Syracuse , when he understood by his Soothsayers that he had not long to live , what he had left , he spent in belly-chear and drunkenness , and so died . Mar. Anthonius set forth a book of his drunkenness , in which he proved those pranks when he was overcome with wine , to be good and lawful . Darius had written upon his grave this inscr●iption ; I could drink store of Wine , and bear it well . Ptolomey , who in a mockery was called Philopater , because he put to death his Father and Mother , through wine and women died like a beast . Aruntius a Roman , being drunken , deflowred his own Daughter Medullina , whom he forthwith killed . Tiberius Caesar was preferred to a Pretorship , because of his excellencie in drinking . Diotimus , was sirnamed Funnel , or Tunnel , be cause he gulped down wine through the channel of his Throat , which was poured into a Funnel , the end whereof was put into his mouth , with out interposition between gulps . In the Feast of Bacchus a Crown of Gold was appointed for him that could drink most . Cleio a woman , was so practised in drinking , that she durst challenge all men and women whatsoever , to try masteries who could drink most , and overcome all . Cleomenes King of Lacedemonia , being disposed to carouse after the manner of the Scythians , drank so much , that he became and continued e ver after senceless . Cyrillus Son , in his drunkenness , wickedly slew that holy man his Father , and his mother great with Child , he hurt his two sisters , and deflowred one of them . Androcides a Gentleman of Greece , hearing of Alexanders excess in Drunkenness , wrote a Letter to him , wherein was a Tablet of Gold , with these words thereon engraven , Remember Alexander when thou drinkest wine , that thou doest drink the blood of the earth . Those of Gallia Transalpina , understanding that the Italians had planted Vines in Italy , came to conquer their Countrey ; so that if they had never planted Vines , the French-men had not demanded the Countrey . Four old Lombards being at Banquet together , the one drank an health round to the others years , in the end they challenged two to two , and after each man had declared how many years old he was , the one drank as many times as he had years , and likewise his companion pledged him , the one was 58. the second 63. the third 87. the last 92. so that a man knoweth not what they did eat or drink ; but he that drank least , drank 5● . cups of Wine . Of Lechery . T is bewitching evil , being an unbridled appetite , in whomsoever it reigneth , killeth all good motions of the mind , alteretr , drieth , and weakneth the body , shortning life , diminishing Memory , and Vnderstanding . CYrena , a notorius strumpet , was sirnamed Dode camechana , for that she found out and invented and found out twelve several ways of beastly pleasure . Proculeius the Emperour , of an hundred Sarmatian Virgins he took captive , he deflowred ten the first night , and all the rest within fifteen dayes after . Hercules in one night deflowred fifty . Johannes à Casa , Archbishop of Benevento , and Legate in Venice , writ a Book in praise of the abominable vice of Sodomitry . Sigismund Malatesta , strived to have carnal knowledge of his Son Rohert , who thrustinst his dagger into his Fathers bosom , revenged his wickedness . Cleopatra , had the use of her brother Ptolomeus company , as of her husbands . Antiochus stayd a whole winter in Chalcidea , for one maid which he there fancied . Lust was the cause of the Wars between the Romans and the Sabines . Thalestris Queen of the Amazons came 25 days journey to lie with Alexander . Adultery in Germany is never pardoned . Messalina and Popilia were so incontinent , that they contended with most shameful harlots , prostituting themselves without respect of time place , or company , to any , though never so base . Claudius deflowred his own sisters , and Semiramis burned in beastly lust towards her son Ninus . Nero caused Atticus a Roman Consul to be slain , that he might the more conveniently enjoy the company of his wife Commodus , not contented with his three hundred Crncubines , committed incest with his own sisters . Caligula did the like , but the one was slain by his wife , the other by his Concubine . Adultery was the cause of the first alteration of the City of Rome . Sempronia a woman , well learned in the Greek , and Sappho , no less famous , defended luxury and last by their writings . Cleopatra invited Anthony to a Banquet in the Province of Bithinia in the wood Sesthem , where , at one instant , of threescore young Virgins , fifty and five were made Mothers . Cleophis a Queen of Tridia , saved her Kingdom and Subjects from destruction , by a nights l●dging with Alexander , by whom she had a Son called Alexander , who was afterward King of India ; she was ever after called Scortum Reginum . Helogabalus , not only deflowred , but also married a Virgin Vestal , saying it was reason that Priests should marry Nuns , because that in times past he had been Priest of the Sun. Jane Quen of Naples was hanged up for her advoutry , in the very same place where she had had hanged her husband Andreas afore , because he was not ( as she said ) able to satisfie her beastly desire . Feron King of Egypt had been blind ten years , and in the eleventh the Oracle told him that he should recover his sight , if he washed his eyes in the water of a woman which never had to do ●t any but her husband ; whereupon , he first made ●l of his ●w●wif , 〈◊〉 ●ha● did him no good ; after , 〈◊〉 insinite o●h● which did him all as little , five only one , by 〈◊〉 he recovered his sight , and then he put 〈…〉 death . Julia he Daug● r● 〈…〉 so immodest , shameless , and ●ch● 〈…〉 ●mperour was never able to reclaim her ; 〈…〉 adm●nished to forsake her ba● 〈…〉 , and to f●llow chastity as her Father did , 〈◊〉 answered , That her ●ather forgot he was Casar , but as for her self , she knew well enough that she was Casars Daughter . Cornelius Gallus , and Q. Elerius two Roman Knights , died in the very action of their filthy lust . Arichbertus , eldest Son unto Letharius King of France , died even as he was embracing his whores . Alcibiades was burned in his bed with his Curtezan Timandra . The Egyptians punishments against adultery , was , to cut off the nose of the woman , and the privy parts of the man. Alexander when a woman was brought to him one evening , demanded of her why she came so late ? she answered , that she stayed until her husband was gone to bed . Which he no sooner heard , but sent her away , being angry with them that had almost made him commit adultery . He was angry with Cassander , because he would by force kiss a Minstrels maid . Roduldus King of Lombardy being taken in adultery , was slain by the womans Husband whom he abused . Roderigo King of Spain was deprived of his Kingdom and life by the Sarazens , who were called in by an Earl called Julian , that he might be avenged of his King for forcing his daughter . Calius Rhodoginus in his 11 Book of Antiquiquities , telleth of a certain man , that the more he was beaten , the more he fervently desired women . The widow of the Emperor Sigismund intending to marry again , one perswaded her to spend the remainder of her life after the manner of the Turtle Dove , who hath but one mate ; If you counsel me ( quoth she ) to follow the example of Birds , who do you not tell me of Pidgeons and Sparrows , which after the death of their mates , do ordinarily couple with the next they meet Hiero King of Syracusa banished the Poet Epicharmus for speaking wantonly before hir wife , and that very justly , for his wife was a true mirrour of chastity . Sulpitius Gallus , put away his Wife by divorce , because she went abroad unmasked . Pompey caused one of his Souldiers eyes to be put out in Spain , for thrusting his hand under a womans garment that was a Spaniard ; and for the like offence , did Sertorius command a footman of his band to be cut in pieces . If Caracalla had not seen his Mothers thigh , he had not married her . Speusippus the Philosopher , one of Platoes folowers , was slain for his adultery . Tigellinus died among his Concubines . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A43142-e900 a Budge is one that slips into an house in the dark , and taketh what next comes to his hands and marche●h off with it . b Bit the blow , that is , done ●he fear , or committed the theft or roguery of what nature soever . c Cully d naps e us ; that is , the Person robbed apprehends them . f Lurries , Mony , Watch , Ring , or any other moveable . g Rubs 〈◊〉 ●o the h Whi● , sends them to Newgate . i Make , ha●●eny . k Darbies , irons , or Shackles or fetters for Fellons . l Hick , any person whatever of whom they can make a prey . m File , to rob or cheat . n Cole Money of any s●rt . o As he pikes , as he walks o● goes . p Half a job , ten shillings , or half a piece . q Boozing Ken , an Ale-house or house of entertaintment . r fence his hog , spend his shilling ſ Mob , a Wench or Whore. t Nubbing cheat , the Gallows . u Jack Kitch , the proper name of the Common Hangman that is now in being . x Tips him no Cole , gives him no Money . y Chive , a Knife . z Six and eight pence the usual fee which is given to carry back the body of the executed Malefactor to give it Christian burial . 
A59234	----	The mysterie of rhetorique unveil'd wherein above 130 the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English : together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart. Conducing very much to the right understanding of the sense of the letter of the scripture, (the want whereof occasions many dangerous errors this day). Eminently delightful and profitable for young scholars, and others of all sorts, enabling them to discern and imitate the elegancy in any author they read, &c. / by John Smith. Smith, John, Gent. 1665 Approx. 392 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 139 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A59234 Wing S2581 ESTC R6865 11966682 ocm 11966682 51744 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A59234) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 51744) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 876:12) The mysterie of rhetorique unveil'd wherein above 130 the tropes and figures are severally derived from the Greek into English : together with lively definitions and variety of Latin, English, scriptural, examples, pertinent to each of them apart. Conducing very much to the right understanding of the sense of the letter of the scripture, (the want whereof occasions many dangerous errors this day). Eminently delightful and profitable for young scholars, and others of all sorts, enabling them to discern and imitate the elegancy in any author they read, &c. / by John Smith. Smith, John, Gent. Sergeant, John, 1622-1707. [30], 248, [8] p. Printed by E. Cotes for George Eversden ..., London : 1665. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Wing attributes this to John Sergeant. Halkett and Laing suggest him as possible author. Examples of proper English and Latin punctuation [6] p. at end. Advertisement p. [7]-[8] at end. Index: p. [13]-[30] Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Rhetoric -- Early works to 1800. English language -- Rhetoric -- Early works to 1800. 2004-04 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-07 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-08 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2004-08 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Imprimatur , Joh. Hall , R. P. D. Episc. Lond. à Sac Domest . 25 th August . 1664. The Mysterie OF RHETORIQUE UNVEIL'D , Wherein above 130 The TROPES and FIGURES are severally derived from the Greek into English ; together with lively Definitions and Variety Of Latin , English , Scriptural , Examples , Pertinent to each of them apart . Conducing very much to the right understanding of the Sense of the Letter of the Scripture , ( the want whereof occasions many dangerous Errors this day ) Eminently delightful and profitable for young Scholars , and others of all sorts , enabling them to discern and imitate the Elegancy in any Author they read , &c. By JOHN SMITH , Gent. Ut hominis decus est ingenium : Sic ingenii lumen est Eloquentia . Cic. London , Printed by E. Cotes for George Eversden at the Mayden-head in St. Pauls-Church-yard , 1665. To the Right Worshipful , Sir Martin Noell , Knight . Honoured Sir , THE good Affection you bear unto all kinds of polite Literature , accompanied with your genuine Inclination thereunto , and in particular to Elocution , together with those manifold Obligements which your Noble Self , and Worthy Stock ( viz. Mr. Edward Noell , and James Noell of Tottenham in the County of Middlesex Esq ) have accumulated upon me , doe incite and encourage me to employ that breath which I would have spent in Expressions of Gratitude and Observance , to beg your Worship to increase the Causes of it , and doe thereupon beseech you to accept the tender of my Duty in this small Present , to grant that your Protection , and the Author your Pardon , with favourable Permission to style himself Your Worships faithful Humble Servitour , JOHN SMITH . The Author to the Reader . Courteous Reader , WEre it absolutely necessary for him that would write of Eloquence to be perfectly eloquent , I would easily confesse myself too rash in this enterprise : But having seen often those treat knowingly of painting that never held Pencil , and Cicero remarking that Aratus , by the common consent of learned men , wrote excellently of the Heavens and Stars , though he was no noted Astronomer ; I 'm encourag'd to say , why then may not I too discourse of Eloquence without being an Oratour ? Galen , that great Master of Physick , who wrote so learnedly of every part of that Science , was little seen in the Practick ; Nor are those that discourse best of the embattailing Armies , and differencing Military functions , alwayes the best Warriers , or the most daring . The like may happen in this Subject , that he , who is able to set down the rules and laws which ought to be observed in speech or style , may notwithstanding find himself defective in the application ; and so may be said to give that to others , which he hath not himself : But this Treatise indeed may not so properly be termed a Direction to the Art of Rhetorique , as a Key to unlock and lay open those abstruse difficulties which the Tropes and Figures have hitherto , not only been masked with , but lock'd up under ; I mean from such at least , as are altogether unacquainted with the Greek tongue , and have not directed their studies to that subject . Object . But it may be you will say , there were several books extant before , that much illustrate the Tropes and Figures of Rhetorique . Answ. It is very true , that many learned Worthies have done exceeding well herein ; yet to use the expression of one of them : That a child upon a Gyant shoulders can see further then the Gyant : So I , having the help of th●ir labours , and of other Books , have by Divine assistance ( without ostentation be it mentioned ) used a more distinct and easie method throughout the whole current of my Discourse , then any other upon this Subject yet extant ; whereby matters of high and excellent sublimity are bowed down to the weakest capacities . I render the English of each Trope and Figure , & likewise the English of the words , from whence they are derived , whether from the Greek or Latin , then a brief definition and lively character and representation of each Trope and Figure , then choyse Latin and * English Examples pertinent to each of them , as also a brief and plain explanation of the terms used in Rhetorique , with an Alphabetical Table for the ready finding each of the Tropes and Figures . Lastly , For that the holy Scripture is not barren of , but abounds with * tropes and figures of all sorts , as containing the most excellent and sublimest eloquence , and is like a pleasant garden , bedecked with flowers , or a fruitful field , full of precious treasures , I apprehended it a work worthy the undertaking , to dig into those sacred Minerals for the better finding out the Metaphors , Metonymies , Synecdoches , &c. which lie hid there , and have given Scriptural Examples pertinent to each of the Tropes and Figures : For the bare reading of the Scripture , without searching into its heavenly mysteries and meaning , is like the coming into a Treasury , wherein we see many costly things folded up , and some ends appearing out , but when they be all unfolded , then doth their glory more affect us for the present , yea , and leave in us a deep impression of their excellency : Besides , the ignorance of Rhetorique is one ground ( yea , and a great one ) of many dangerous Errors this day ; as upon perusal of the Scriptural Examples of Synecdoche , Metonymie , &c. will manifestly appear , where you have not only bare instances , but divers Texts cleared and explained ; for though the Spirit of the Lord be indeed that Golden Key , that opens the sealed mysteries of the Book of Truth , and inspires the soul with the understanding of the hidden wisdom therein ; and those men , whose understandings are not opened by him who hath the Key of David , be they never so learned , yet by reason of the blindnesse of their hearts , seeing , they see not , and hearing , they understand not the wonders in Gods law : yet , all Science , and particularly , Rhetorique , where it is reduced to a blessed subordination and conformity to the teachings of the Spirit of Truth , is a good gift of God , proceeding from the Father of lights , and very conducent to the unfolding and right understanding of the Figurative and Tropical Elegancies of that blessed Book , which abounds with the most excellent and divinest eloquence : * And herein we must beware that we take not those things literally which are to be understood spiritually ; that we go not out to a figurative acceptation of any place of Scripture , where we have not a sufficient reason ( grounded upon some word of truth ) why the proper sense or signification of the words may not be adhered unto ; for we must never leave off the proper sense , unlesse the coherence of the Text , the Analogie of faith , or some other place of Scripture require a figurative Exposition . And it is very dangerous to make figures , where the Scripture makes none ; or to make the scope and sense bleed with straining it too hard . Origen would sometimes take that literally , which ought to be understood mystically , and thus mistaking that place , Matth. 19.12 . And there be Eunuches , which have made themselves Eunuches for the Kingdom of heavens sake : he gelt himself ; And he also sometimes would allegorize plain Scriptures , that is , such as are to be taken literally , or in their proper signification : But the difference will easily appear to the wise and observant Reader ; * Mat. 26.29 . I will not henceforth [ drink ] of this fruit of the Vine , untill that day when I drink it new with you in my Fathers Kingdom ; where the first word [ drink ] hath a proper or literal signification ; but the later a Metaphorical , of their Communion , or partaking of the joys of heaven . This work will also be very useful and advantageous to youth , and others , enabling them to find out the elegancy in any Author , and likewise help the invention of learners , who may beautifie a speech , and adorn a discourse with elocution , by drawing their discourse through the several Tropes or Figures , and taking what may best befit their purpose : So I will detain thee no longer in the Porch , but in●ite thee into the House , and such as I have , set before 〈◊〉 , i● there be no such varieties as were expected ; yet , let it have acceptance with thee , seeing it is according to my ability ; Thus doe , and thou wilt engage him , who is Thy real wel-wisher , John Smith . From my Chamber in Mountague Close , Southwark March 27. 1656. The Contents of the Pre-ambular part of this Book , viz. RHetorique , what , with the use thereof , page 1. A Trope , what , 2 The Affections of Tropes , what ; and how many . 3. A figure , what , ibid. The difference between a Trope and a Figure . 4. A figure of a word , what , 5. A figure of a Sentence , what 4 , 5 , 6. The d●fference between a figure of a word , and a figure of a Sentence , 5 , 6. Figures of a word , which , 5 , 6. Figures of a Sentence , which , 7.8 . The Alphabetical Table , or a Synopsis , whereby the Reader may on a sudden , view all the Tropes and Figures , or find out which of them he principally aims at ; where , next after the Trope , or Figure , is the genuine Signification of the word in English , then a brief description of each Trope and Figure , and lastly a referring to the Pages , where they are largely Explained and Exemplified : Note likewise that some words which are neither Tropes , nor Figures , yet being abstruse words , and incident to the unveiling divers of the Figures , are here inserted , and the Reader referred to the pages , where they are also described and exemplified . A. AENigma , a Riddle , or an obscure Allegory . pag. 72 Aetiologia , a rendring of a reason : a figure when the reason of a thing is shown . 119 Allegoria , Inversion or Changing : a Trope whereby a sentence must be understood otherwise then the literal interpretation shews , 51 Anacoenosis , Communication : a figure whereby we consult , and as it were argue the case with others 146 Anadiplosis , Redoubling : a figure whereby the last word , or sound of the first clause , is repeated in the beginning of the next . 80 Anamne●is , Remembrance : a figure whereby we call to mind matters past , &c. 232 Anaphora , Rehearsal : a figure when several clauses of a sentence are begun with the same word or sound . 84 Anastrophe , a proposterous placing of words or matter . 188 Antanaclasis , a bearing back : a figure when the same word in likenesse is repeated in a various ( if not in a contrary ) signification . 104 Anthropopathia , a speaking after the manner of men . 193 Anthypophora , a contrary illation , or inference : see it in Prolepsis . 123 Antimetabole , a turning of the words in a sentence upside down . 113 Antiphrasis , a word or speech to be understood by the contrary . 64 Antiptosis , the putting of one case for another . 181 Antistoechon , a change of letters : a figure whereby one letter is put for another . 134 Antithesis , Opposition : a figure whereby one letter is put for another . 163 It is also a Rhetorical Exornation when contraries are opposed to contraries in speech or a sentence . 164 Antonomasia , a putting of one name for another : a figure when another name , a common name , or a nick name is put instead of the proper name . 57 Aphaeresis , a taking away : a figure whereby a letter , or syllable is taken away from the beginning of a word . 161 Apocope , a cutting off , a figure when the last letter or syllable of a word is cut off . 162 Apodioxis , Rejection : a figure when any argument or objection is with indignation rejected , as very absurd , &c. 216 Apodixis , demonstration or evident proof . 215 Apophasis , a denying ; a kind of an Irony , whereby we deny that we say , or doe , that which we principa●y say or doe . 156 Aporia , Doubting : a figure whereby we deliberate , and as it were argue the case with our selves . 144 Aposiopesis , an holding ones peace : a figure when through vehemency , the course of the sentence begun is so stayed , as thereby some part of the sentence not being uttered , may be understood . 142 Apostrophe , a turning away or dislike ; a diversion of speech to another person , then the speech appointed did require . 150 Astismus , a civil and pleasant jest . 67 Asyndeton , without a copulative , 173 Auxesis , an encreasing ; an Exornation when for amplification , a more grave and substantial word , is put in stead of the proper word . 47 C. CAtachresis , Abuse : it is the abuse of a trope , and is when words are too far wrested from their native and genuine signification . 41 Charientismus , Pleasantnesse : a trope whereby unpleasing matters are mitigated with pleasant words . 66 Chronographia , a description of times and seasons . 209 Climax , Gradation : a figure when the succeeding clauses of a sentence transcend each other by divers degrees . 82 Compar , even , equal ; a Rhetorical Exornation whereby the parts of a sentence doe consist almost of the like number of syllables , &c. 203 D. DIaeresis , Division : a figure when one syllable is divided into two parts . 168 Dialogismus , a conference between two : a figure when as one discussing a thing by himself , as it were talking with another , doth move the question and make the answer : see Prosopopoeia . 237 Dialyton , Disjoyned : This figure and Asyndeton are alike . 173 Diastole , Extension : a figure whereby a syllable , short by nature ▪ is made long . 167 Diatyposis , description or information of a thing : a figure whereby we having spoken of a thing in general , descend unto particulars , &c. 234 Dilemma , an horned or double argument : which every way convinceth , &c. 244 Dissimilitudo , Dissimilitude . 200 E. ECphonesis , Exclamation . 134 Ecthlipsis , a striking out : a Grammatical figure when the letter M , with his vowel is taken away , the next word beginning with a vowel . 167 Ellipsis , Def●ct : a figure when in a sentence a word is wanting , to make that sense which hath been spoken . 1●8 Emphasis , efficacie of expression : a figure whereby a tacite vertue and efficacy of signification is given to words ; &c. 138 Enallage , a change of order : a figure whereby the number or gender , mood , &c. are put one for another . 185 Enantiosis , Contention : a figure when we speak that by a contrary , which we would have to be understood as it were by affirmation . 115 Enthymema , conception of the mind ; an Euthymem or imperfect syllogism , wherein the Major or Minor proposition being wanting , is looked for . 242. Epanalepsis , a taking back : aꝭ figure when a sentence is begun and ended with the same word or sound . 99 Epanados , Regression , or turning back : a figure when the same sound is repeated in the beginning and the middle , in the middle and end of a sentence . 100 Epanorthosis , Correction , or amending : a figure when in our speech , something that went before , is called back and corrected , &c. 139 Epenthesis , Interposition ; it is the interposition of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word . 162 Epimone , a tarrying long upon one matter : a figure whereby we continue and persist in the same cause , much after one form of speech , &c. 218 Epiphonema , Acclamation ; an applause of a thing approved , &c. 137 Epistrophe , a turning to the same sound : a figure when divers sentences end alike , &c. 86 Epitrope , Permission : a figure when we seriously or Ironically permit a thing . &c. 126 Epizeuxis , a joyning together : a figure when the same word is doubled by way of Emphasis , &c. 78 Erotesis , Interrogation : a figure whereby we either demand a question , earnestly affirm , or vehemently deny a thing . 130 Evocatio , a calling forth : a figure when the Nominative case to a Verb of the third person is set before a verb of first or second person , &c. 180 Euphemismus , a fair or favourable kind of speech : a figure whereby a word of a good and bad signification is interpreted to the better part , &c. 211 Exegesis , Explication : a figure when that which was first spoken more darkly , is afterwards in the same sentence more manifestly explained and confirmed . 194 Exergasia , a polishing or trimming : a figure when we abide still in one place , and yet seem to speak divers things . &c. 208 Expeditio , Expedition , or quick dispatch : a figure when many parts or reasons of an argument being enumerated and touched ; all are destroyed , save that only , upon which the speaker intends to stand and rest upon . 233 G. GNome , a sentence : a figure when we bring in a sentence or some remarkable saying of anothers to the same purpose with the Author , he being not named . 228 H. HEbraism , or a speech after the manner of the Hebrews , &c. 213 Hellenismus , a Grecism or imitation of the Greeks in phrase or construction . 182 Hendiadys , a dividing of one thing into two : a figure when one thing is expressed by more words . 184 Hirmos , a bond or knot : a figure whereby a sudden entrance is made into a confused heap of matter , &c. 155 Homoeoptoton , falling out alike : a figure whereby divers clauses end with the same letter or syllable . 200 Homoeoteleuton , ending alike : a fig. whereby divers parts , or members of a sentence end alike , &c. 202 Horismos , Definition : a figure whereby we declare what a thing is , and is usually when we distinguish between two words by defining both of them , &c. 220 Hypallage , a changing : a figure when the natural order of the words is changed , &c. 189 Hyperbaton , a passing over : it is a transposed order of words ; a figure when words agreeing in sense , are in place disjoyned . 188 Hyperbole , Exuperation , or a passing of bounds ; it is when the Trope is exceedingly inlarged ; or when in advancing or repressing one speaks much more than is precisely true , yea , above all belief , &c. 46 Hypophora , an objection ; it propounds an objection , and is , when the speaker makes answer to his own demand : see Prolepsis . 123 Hypothesis , a supposition . 245 Hypotyposis , Representation : a figure when a whole matter is expressed so particularly and in order , that it seems to be represented unto ocular inspection , &c. 109 Hypozeugma , a joyning together in the end : a figure when the common word is put in the last clause : in Zeugma . 169 Hysterologia , a preposterous speech ; or a placing of that before which should succeed , and contrarily , &c. 190 I. INcrementum , an increasing : a figure when a speech ascends by degrees from the lowest to the highest , &c. 128 Inversio , a turning upside down : a figure whereby the speaker brings in a thing for himself , which was alledged against him . 121 Ironia , mocking or counterfeiting : a trope whereby in derision , we speak contrary to what we think or mean. 38 L. LItotes , smallnesse , or extenuation : a figure when lesse is said then signified : hereby sometimes a word is put d●wn with a sign of negation , when as much is signified as if we had spoken affirmatively ; if not more , &c. 60 M. MArtyria , Testimony : a figure when the speaker confirms something by his own experience . 218 Meiosis , extenuation , or diminution : It is when lesse is spoken , yet more is understood , or when for extenuation sake we use a more light and easie term then the matter requires , &c. see in Hyperbole . 48 Mesozeugma , a joyning together in the middle : a figure when the common word being placed in the middle clause , knits together the precedent and subsequent words , &c. See this in Zeugma . 169 Metabasis , Transition : a figure when we are briefly put in mind of what hath been said , and what remains further to be spoken , &c. 222 Metalepsis , Participation : it is the multiplying of a trope in one word , and is when there are many tropes in one word , &c. 44 Metaphora , Translation : it is a Translation of words from one species to another : a trope when we expresse our selves by a word of like signification unto that which we mean , &c. 8 Metaplasmus , Transformation , or a changing from one shape to another : a figure when by reason of the verse , &c. something is necessarily changed , &c. 161 Metathesis , Transposition , or an alteration of the order of a thing : a figure whereby one letter is put for another . 166 Metonymia , Transnomination , or change of names : a trope whereby the cause is put for the effect , the subject for the adjunct , or contrarily , &c. 11 a Metonymie of the Efficient . 13 , 14 a Metonymie of the Effect . 15 a Metonymie of the Subject . 16 a Metonymie of the Adjunct . 22 a Metonymie of the Matter . 14 a Metonymie of the Instrument . 17 a Metonymie of the Antecedent . 26 a Metonymie of the Consequent . 27 a Metonymie of things going together . 28 a Metonymie of the end . 28 a Metonymie of the form . 29 M●mesis , Imitation : an imitating the language of others , &c. 231 Mycterismus , a disdainful gibe or scoffe , near a Sarcasm . 231 O. ONomatopoeia , the feigning of a name : a figure whereby a word is made by a certain sound , &c. 63 Oxymoron , subtilly foolish : a figure when the same thing is denyed of it self , or when a contrary Epithet is added to any word . 117 P. PArabola , a parable or similitude , a comparison made under some similitude . 205 Paradiastole , Distinction : a figure when we grant one thing , that we may deny another , &c. 111 Paragoge , Production , or lengthening : a figure when a letter or syllable is added to the end of a word 163 Paralipsis , Preterition , or overpassing ; it is a kind of an Ironie ; and is when you say you passe by a thing , which yet with a certain elegancy you touch at full . 157 Paralogismus , false reasoning or a sophistical conclusion . 246 Parathesis , Apposition : a figure of construction , whereby substantives are added in the same case , &c. 180 Parecbasis , Digression , or Excursion : a figure whereby something beyond the purpose or intended matter , goes out from the appointed discourse . 225 Parechesis , Allusion : a figure when we bring in something of anothers to another intent then his own . 227 Paregmenon , a derivative , or derived from : a figure when words , whereof one is derived of another , are joyned together . 229 Parelcon , Prolonging : a figure when a syllable or whole word is added to another in the end of it , &c. 177 Parenthesis , Interposition ; it is a clause comprehended within another sentence , without which notwithstanding the sentence is full , or the sense sound . 178 Paroemia , a Proverbial speech , &c. It is the continuation of a trope in a speech when proper and peculiar respect is had to the common use , &c. 70 Paronomasia , likenesse of words : a figure when by the change of one letter or syllable in a word , the signification also is much altered , &c. 102 Parrhesia , liberty or boldnesse of speaking : a figure when we speak freely and boldly concerning things displeasing , &c. 212 Pathopoeia , expression of the affections of the mind , or an exceeding stirring up of the affections , &c. 247 Periphrasis , Circumlocution , or speaking of one word by many ; a figure when we shadow out a thing by some equivalent expressions , &c. 158 Pleonasmus , Superfluity : a Gram. figure whereby some superfluous word ( though not without its sufficient importance ) is added in a sentence , &c. 176 Ploce , binding together , or a continuation without interruption : a figure when a word is by way of emphasis so repeated , that it denotes not only the thing signified , but the quality of the thing , &c. 106 Polyptoton , variation of cases , or a change of the termination , end , or case : a figure when several cases of the same Noune , and Tenses of the same verb , are used in conjoyned clauses , &c. 107 Polysyndeton , diversly and many ways coupled by Conjunctions : a figure signifying superfluity of conjunctions , &c. 175 Proecthesis , an exposition which is sent afore : a figure when the speaker doth by his answer ( containing a reason of what he , or some other hath said or done ) defend himself or the other person as unblameable , &c. 236 Prolepsis , Anticipation , or the prevention of an objection : a figure whereby that which may be objected is anticipated , &c. 122 It is also a certain summary pronunciation of things ; and is made when the congregation of the whole doth aptly agree with the verb or adjective , &c. 125 Prosopopoeia , a feigning of the person : a figure when in our speech we feign another person speaking , &c. 146 Prosthesis , a putting of one thing to another : a figure whereby a letter , or syllable is added to the beginning of a word . 161 Protozeugma , a joyning together in the beginning ; a figure when the common word is expressed in the beginning of the clause or sentence , and omitted after : see in Zeugma . 169 S SArcasmus , a biting scoffe or taunt ; near an Irony , but somewhat more bitter . 66 Similitudo , a similitude , &c. 198 Syllepsis , Comprehension : a figure of construction , when a nominative plural is joyned to a verb singular ; or on the contrary : Or it is a comprehension of the more unworthy under the more worthy , &c. 171. Syllogismus , a reasoning , or rather a conclusion , which is made by reasoning together in argument : a Rhetorical syllogism is a form of speech whereby the matter is amplified by conjecture , that is , by expressing some signs or circumstances thereof , &c. 240 A Logical syllogism is a perfect argument consisting of three parts , viz. Major , Minor , end Conclusion , whereby something is necessarily proved . 240 Symploce , Complication , or an agreement of words in a sentence : a figure when all our beginnings and all our endings are alike . 87 Synaeresis , Contraction : a contraction of two vowels or syllables into one . 168 Synalaepha , a mingling together : a figure of Prosodia , whereby two vowels are gathered into one syllable , &c. 167 Synchoresis , Concession : a figure when an argument is Ironically yielded unto , and then marred with a stinging retort upon the objector , &c. 192 Syncope , a cutting away , or a rendring shorter : a figure of Prosodia , when a letter or syllable is taken away from the midst of a word . 162 Syncrisis , Comparison : a form of speech , which by apt Similitude shews that the example brought in is either like , unlike , or contrary , &c. 196 Synecdoche , Comprehension : a trope where the more comprehensive words are put for the lesse comprehensive , and contrarily , &c. 30 Synecdoche Speciei . 30 Synecdoche Partis . 32 Synecdoche Generis . 34 Synecdoche Totius . 35 Synecdoche Numeri . 33.36 It is also a Gram. figure when a common word or name is restrained to a part , which is expressed by the Accusative case , &c. Synoeceiosis , Reconciling : a figure teaching to reconcile things that differ , and to repugn common opinion with reason , &c. 116 Synonymia , a partaking together of a name ; or divers words signifying one and the same thing : a figure when by change of words that are of like signification , one thing is reiterated divers times , &c. 152 Synthesis , Composition : a figure of construction , whereby a noune collective singular is joyned to a verb plural , &c. 186 Systole , a shortning : a figure of Prosodia , whereby a long syllable is contrary to its nature made short . 167 T. TMesis , Section , or dividing : a figure whereby the parts of a compound or simple word are divided by the interposition of another . 183 Z. ZEugma , a joyning together : a figure of construction , whereby one Verb or Adjective , answering the nearer to divers Nominative cases , or Substantives , is reduced to the one expresly , but to the other by a supplement , &c. 170 A brief Explication of the terms used in Rhetorique , some being borrowed from Logick , and proposed in a Greek , and therefore to most in an unknown , ●resse . 1. A Cause , is that by which any thing hath its being , as God , by whom the world , &c. hath its being . 2. The Caussate , is that which depends upon the Cause , as having its being thence , as , the Artifice from the Artificer ; Misery from Sin. 3. The Efficient , is that which brings a thing to passe : as Christ , the Salvation of the world . 4. The Effect , is that which is brought to passe by the Cause : as , the World by God ; plenty by peace ; penury by war. 5. The End , is the Cause for whose sake the thing is ; or it is whatsoever is intended by any that set upon a work : as , To speak well is the end of Grammar ; to grow rich , is a covetous mans end ; to get learning , is intended by a scholar . 6. Finitum , or Medium , is whatsoever is helpful to bring to passe a purposed end : as , industry and instruction , to get knowledge . 7. Materia , is the matter or substance , of which any thing is made : as , Gold , of which a Ring ; Silver , whereof a Cup is made . 8. Materiatum , is what is made of the matter ; as , a Sword , of Steel ; a Ring , of Gold. 9. Forma , the Form is that inward principle , by which any thing hath its being , or is what it is ; as , the Soul , whereby a man is a man. 10. Formatum , is that which hath its being from the form : as , the man from his soul. 11. Subjectum , the Subject is that to which any thing is adjoyned or belongs : as , the mind , to which knowledge , or ignorance ; man , to whom riches , or poverty , fame , or infamy , &c. belongs . 12. Adjunctum , the adjunct , is that which belongs to any thing : as , infamy to villany ; light to the Sun ; heat , to fire . 13. Genus , is a more general title attributed to some things more special under it : as , Substance , to Metals . Living Creatures . Elements . 14. Species , is a more special title attributed to divers particulars under it : as , Man to William , Thomas , John. 15. Totum , is whatsoever hath parts : as , mans body hath head , heart , arms , &c. and so parts are such as make up the whole . 16. Contraries , are qualities which mutually destroy one another : as heat and cold : wisdom and folly , light and darkness . 17. Similia , are such as agree in some qualities : as , the good man is likened to the Palm in greenness , a wise man to an Ant in Providence . 18. Abstractum , the abstract signifies some form with the exclusion of the subject . The abstract is the substantive , as , whitenesse : It is also called Denominans , the thing denominating . 19. Concretum , the concrete signifies the same form with those qualities which adhere to the subject : The concrete is the Adjective , as , albus , white : It is also called Denominatum , the thing denominated . THE MYSTERIE OF RHETORIQUE UNVAILED . RHetorica 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Rhetorique , or the Art of eloquent and delightful speaking ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ rheo ] loquor , to speak , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ techninôs ] artificialiter , artificially . Rhetorique is a faculty by which we understand what will serve our turn concerning any subject to win belief in the hearer : hereby likewise the end of the discourse is set forward , to wit , the affecting of the heart with the sense of the matter in hand . It hath two parts , viz. 1 , Garnishing of speech , called Elocution . 2. Garnishing of the manner of utterance , called Pronunciation ( which in this Treatise is not principally aimed at . ) Elocution , or the garnishing of speech , is the first and principal part of Rhetorique , whereby the speech it self is beautified and made fine : And this is either The fine manner of words called a Trope : or , The fine shape or frame of speech , called a Figure . The fine manner of words , in the Greek , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ tropos ] verborum imitatio , in English , a change of words , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ trepo ] muto , to change . A Trope , is when words are used for elegancy in a changed signification ; or when a word is drawn from its proper and genuine signification to another . It is a garnishing of speech in one word , and is there only where the signification is changed : as , Bellorum procellae . — Magnes amoris . 1 Chron. 16.32 , 33. The fields do laugh and sing : that is , look pleasantly and delightfully . Luk. 13.32 , 33. Herod that Fox : that is , that politick dissembler . In a Trope there are two things to be considered : 1. The Species . 2. The Affections . The Species of Tropes are four , viz. 1. A Metonymie , which is when one meet or convenient reason or argument is put for another . as , the Efficient for the Effect , the Subject for the Adjunct , &c. 2. An Irony , which is when one contrary is put for another : as , Oh holy Gentiles , for ungodly . 3. A Metaphor , is a Trope which notes out comparison , and is when one like is put for another like unto it : as , the tempest of war , &c. 4. A Synecdoche , which is when words more comprehensive are put for words lesse comprehensive , and contrarily . Secondly , The affections of Tropes ; which are such qualities as may put ornament upon any of the forementioned Tropes . The affections are five , viz. 1. Catachresis , which is when the Trope is abused , or the words too far wrested from their native signification : as , Hos. 4.8 . They eat up the sins of my people . 2. Hyperbole , which is when the Trope is exceedingly enlarged : as , Luk. 10.15 . Thou that art lifted up to heaven . 3. Metalepsis , which is when divers Tropes are shut up in one word : as , 2 King. 2 9. I pray thee let me have a double portion of thy spirit . 4. Litotes , which is when a word is put down with a sign of negation , yet as much is signified , as if we had spoken affirmatively , if not more : as Job 31.17 . Job by this figure saith he hath not eaten his meat alone . 5. An Allegory , which is when the use of the same Trope is continued in a long discourse : as Ephes. 6. from the 11. to the 18. verse . Put on the whole Armour of God , &c. Note likewise , That Antonomasia , Onomatopoeia , Antiphrasis , Charientismus , Astismus , Sarcasmus , Paroemia , Aenigma , &c. are ( though not so properly ) called Tropes . Secondly , The fine shape or frame of speech ; called a Figure . A Figure in the Greek , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ schema ] ( among other things ) signifies principally habitum , vestitum , & ornatum corporis ; in English , the apparel and ornament of the body ; which by a Metaphor is transferred to signifie the habit and ornament of words or speech : it is derived from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ schematizo ] effingo , assimulo , to represent , fashion , or feign . A Figure is an Ornament of elocution , which adornes our speech , or a garnishing of speech when words are used for elegancy in their native signification : as , Latet omnes hora , ut expectetur omnis hora. If error delight us , if error seduce us , error will ruine us . And as in a Trope , or the finenesse of words , words are considered asunder by themselves ; so in a Figure , the apt and pleasant joyning together of many words is noted : and as of words , some are proper , others changed from their proper signification ; so of speeches , some are right and proper as they are ; others are figurative , or serving for the representation of another thing . The signification of a Figure in Scripture is twofold : 1. When the Scripture it self propounds an Allegorical signification : as , when 1 Pet. 3.20 , 21. Peter by the Arke of Noah , signifies Baptism : And Paul in Heb. 11 s 29. by the Red Sea , signifies Baptism : And in Joh. 3.14 Christ his Crosse by the Serpent . 2. When a mans capacity or understanding induces or leads into a figure , and by an apt limilitude agrees with some other clear sense or signification of Scripture . A Figure is twofold , viz. 1. Figura dictionis . 2. Figura sententiae . 1. A garnishing of speech in words . 2. A garnishing of the frame of speech in a sentence . Whereof the former belongs to the matter , and as it were , to the body of speech ; but the latter , to the form , and as it were , to the soul , that is , to the sentence . The garnishing of speech in words , is where the elegancy lies in the placing of one word : as , While the minde is inslaved to vanity , vanity will sowre the Conversation . A figure of a word is twofold ; viz. 1. In the Dimension or measuring of sounds or words . 2. In the Repetition of sounds or words . A figure in Dimension , is that sweet and pleasant number of sounds or words in a sentence . The Figure Metaplasmus , Transformation , and all its kindes ( being largely described hereafter ) are figures in Dimension : of this there are four kindes , viz. In striking out , two , viz. Synaloepha , a mingling of vowels . Ecthlipsis , a striking out of vowels . In adding to and taking from , six Figures , viz. Prosthesis , apposition . Aphaeresis , a taking away . Epenthesis , interposition . Syncope , contraction . Paragoge , production . Apocope , a cutting off . In dividing and shortning two , viz. Diae●esis , division . Synerisis , a shortning . In changing there are five Figures , viz. Tmesis , section , or a dividing . Metathesis : transposition . Antithesis , opposition . Diastole , extension , or stretching forth . Systole , correption or shortning . Secondly , A Figure of a word in repetition of sounds of words in a sentence : If in the same word , it is Epizenxis . If in diverse , it is Anadiplosis . If in the beginnings of sentences , Anaphora . If in the endings it is Epistrophe . If in beginnings and endings , Symploce . If in the begining and end of a sentence , Epanalepsis . If repeated backward , Epanados . If a little unlike , and of divers originals and descents , it is Paronomasia . And if of the same original , it is Polyptoton . See the Table for each Figure . There are likewise other figures of a word , viz. Climax , Antanaclasis , Antithesis , Ploee , Paregmenon , Syroeceiosis , Oxymoron . Synthesis , Hendiadys , Hypallage , Hyperbaton , Ellipsis , Pleonasmus , Asyndeton , Polysyndeton , Hysterologia , Zeugma , Hellenismus , Antiptosis , Secondly , Garnishing of the frame of speech , in a sentence , called Figura Sententiae , is a figure , which for the forcible moving of affections , doth after a sort beautifie the sense and very meaning if a sentence : because it carries with it a certain manly majesty , which far surpasses the soft delicacy of the former Figures , they being as it were effeminate and musical , these virile and majestical . It is when the ornament lies in the whole sentence , or where the elegancy is diffused through the structure of one , or more sentences : as , Isa. 1.2 . Hear , Oh heavens ! hearken oh earth ! I have nourished and brought up children , and they have rebelled against me . The Figures of a Sentence are called pathetical , or such as move affection and passion ; and are these , viz. Ecphonesis , Epiphonema , Parrhesia , Epanorthosis Aposiopesis , Apostrophe , Periphrasis , Diatyposis , Horismos , Paradiastole , Parechesis , Erotesis . Parenthesis , Parathesis , Synonymia , Hytotyposis , Metabasis . A Figure of a sentence is ether in thought and musing , by the Greeks called in Logismo , or in questioning and answering , called in Dialogismo . Figures of a sentence in Logismo , are Apostrophe and Prosopoeopia . Logismus , is when a sentence is made or fashioned without conference . Those are figures in Dialogismo , or in questioning and answering , when a sentence is made or fashioned in conference , which consists in question and answer ; Of which kinds are , Aporia , Anacoenosis , Prolepsis , Hypophora , Epitrope , Synchoresis . Tropes and Figures ( say the learned ) are the vertues of speech and style , as Barbarisms and Solecisms are the vices . There is no other Trope more frequent , excellent , and beautiful , than a Methapor , because that which is the light and star of speech , and tends to richnesse , majesty , perspicuity and pleasantnesse , is a similitude brief and contracted into one word . I shall therefore ( according to the learned Farnaby ) begin with a Methapor . MEtaphora , gr . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Translatio , translation , or a removing over ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ metapherò ] transfero , to translate . * It is the artificial Translation of a word , from the proper signification , to another not proper , but yet nigh and alike : Or it is a Translation of words from one species t● another : O● the friendly borrowing of a word to expresse a thing with more light and better note , though not so directly and properly as the natural name of the things meant would signifie . It is a Trope when we expresse our selves by a word of a like signification to that which we mean : or when the property of one thing is translated to another : as , Gen. 6.6 . God is said to r●pent ; where the property of man is translated to the omnipotent and omniscient God. A Metaphor is pleasant , for that is enriches our knowledge with two things at once , with the Truth and a similitude : And there is nothing in the whole universe , from whence the simile may not be taken ; Dat propriae similem translata Methapora vocem . Laeta seges , Gemmant vites . Duo fulmina belli . Iugenii flumen . Mens ferrea . Classis habenas . Princeps caput Reipublicae . Virgilius Poetarum sol . Invidiae flamma . Fulmen orationis . Flos nobilitatis . Expolire orationem . Amicitiam dissuere . Si sic loqui liceat . Si verbis audacia detur . Vivis coloribus virum depinxi . Two necessary Rules to be observed , viz. 1. A Metaphor ought not to be so far fetcht , as that the similitude may not easily appear . 2. It ought to be drawn from the noblest things , as the Poets do , that choose rather to say , rosie-fingerd , then red-finger'd Aurora ; as appears by the first English Example , where 't is thought unfit to stoop to any Metaphor lower then the Heaven . English Examples of a Metaphor . The skie of your vertue overcast with sorrow . You are the most excellent star that shines in the bright Element of beauty . The wounds of grief . — flowers of Oratory . Drops of dew are pearls . Flowers in medows are stars . The murmuring of the waters is musick . To divorce the fair marriage of the head and body ; where besides the cutting off of the head , we understand the conjunction of the head and body to resemble marriage . To keep love close prisoner ; which is to conceal love . There came through Cheapside a whole fleet of Coaches ; for a great number . Scriptural Examples . 1 King. 10.4 . The Queen of Sheba saw the wisdome of Solomon ; here saw , Metaphoricically signifies , proved and understood . Hagg. 1.9 , You looked for much , and lo it came to little ; here to look for signifieth to hope for . Jer. 8.15 . The neighing of horses is heard from Dan : that is , foreseen by the Prophet . Eccles. 1.8 . The eye is not satisfied with seeing , nor the ear filled with hearing : we are in this place by the eye and ear to understand the desire of the minde kindled by those senses . Thus in Scripture Christ is called a Vine , a Rock , a Lamb , a Lion , &c. And man , a shadow , a flower , grasse , a wolfe , a bear , a dog , &c. Thus we read of Metaphors from leaven , salt , trees , seed , &c. Besides many Hyperbolical Metaphors ; as , in Hab. 2.11 . The stone shall cry out of the wall , and the beam out of the timber shall answer it . Lam. 1.4 . The wayes of Sion lament or mourn , &c. So , Mat. 3.11 . Christ is said to baptize with fire , whereby we may understand , that fire is there put for the power of the holy Ghost which purifies and refines as fire . Psal. 82.6 . I have said , ye are Gods , &c. whereby is signified from whom Magistrates have their authority , whose place they supply , whose person they represent , and whose example they ought to follow both in executing justice , and shewing mercy . MEtonymia , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Transnominatio , a change of names , or the putting of one name for another ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ metonomazo ] transnomino , to change one name for another : or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which in composition signifies change , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ onoma ] Aeolice pro 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ onoma ] nomen , a name . A Metonymie is a Trope , or a form of speech whereby the orator or speaker puts one thing for another , which by nature are nigh knit together . This change of name is used principally four waies . 1. When the cause is put for the effect . 2. When the effect is put for the cause . 3. When the subject is put for the adjunct . 4. When the adjunct is put for the subject . Or , as others define it , It is an exchange of a name , when one word comes in lieu of another , not for a similitude , but for other natural affinity and coherence . Atque Metonymia imponit nova nomina rebus : 1. Efficientis , ut Inventoris ; Marte . Lyaeo . Autoris : Legitur Juvenalis . Livius ingens . Materiae : Pinus , ferrum , aeris acervus , arundo . Aut instrumenti : Gladius , lingua , arma manusque 2. Effecti : Clades Libyae . Mors frigida pallet . 3. Subjecti : a Curii . b Paterae . c Germania . d Rostra . e Vcalegon . f Cor , os . g Patronus . h Nox . i Amaryllis . 4. Adjuncti : k Fasces . l Scelus . m aetas nulla . n Libelli . 1 , A Metonymie of the Cause , is either when the cause is put for the effect , which is called a Metonymie of the efficient , or when the name of the matter is put for the thing made of the same called a Metonymie of the matter . 1. A Metonymie of the Efficient , is when the Efficient cause is put for its effect ; or when the name of the Inventor or Author is put for the thing invented , or composed : as , in Farnabies inserted examples , Marte , pro praelio ; Mars being the feigned inventor of war. — Lyaeo , pro vino ; Lyaeus being one of the names of Bacchus , who was the feigned inventor of making wine ; where also the names of Juvenal and famous Livius are put for the books or works , whereof they were Authors . Vulcanns pro igne . Neptunus pro mari . Ceres pro pane . Venus pro amore . English Examples of a Metonymie of the Efficient . Vulcan for fire . Neptune for the sea . Bacchus for wine . Venus so love . Mars for war. Mercurie for eloquence . So Love is usually put for Liberality , the fruit and effect of love . My blade is right Sebastian , for of Sebastians making . He learn'd his Arguments of Aristotle , and his eloquence of Tully ; ( i. e ) out of Aristotles and Tullies works . Scriptural Examples . Ezek. 7.15 . The sword is without , and the pestilence and the famine within , &c. by sword , pestilence , and famine , is signified death , the effect of those causes . Hag. 1.11 . And I called for a drought upon the earth ; ( i. e. ) hunger and famine caused by drought . Numb . 32.23 . And be sure your sin will find you out : where sin ( the cause ) is put for punishment , its effect . Luk. 16.29 , 31. They have Mosos and the Prophets , ( i. e. ) the writings of Moses and the Prophets . Thus in Gen. 35.18 . The soul is put for life . See Lev. 20 , 20. Psal. 128. 2 Luk. 24.27 . Joh. 5.45 , 46 , &c. A Metonymie of the Matter , is when the name of the matter , is put for the thing made of the same : as , Pinus pro navi , a Pine-tree being much used where it growes , for building of ships . Ferrum pro gladio , a sword being made partly of iron . Aes pro nummo , brasse and silver being the materials , whereof money is commonly made . Ferro facibusq . invasit Italiam . Sylva , pro domibus . English Examples of a Metonymie of the Matter . I want silver ; where by silver , mony is to be understood . Thus Seed is put for children , and Earth for man. They eat the finest wheat , and drink the sweetest grapes ; by Wheat is understood bread , and by Grapes wine . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 115.4 Their Idols are silver and gold , ( i. e ) made of those metals . Psal. 105.18 . He was laid in iron , ( i. e. ) in fetters made of iron . Gen. 3.19 . Dust thou art , ( i. e. ) thou art formed out of the Dust. Gen. 4.25 . For God hath appointed me another seed in stead of Abel , ( i. e. ) another childe . Dan. 5.4 . Worshipped wood and stone , ( i. e ) Idols made of wood and stone . In like manner also the instrument is put for the effect thereby : as , Gladius pro caede . Arma pro bello . Lingua pro sermone . Manus pro Scriptura . English Examples . The unlikely have worn the Crown ; here the Crown being an instrument of royal dignity , signifies a kingdome . The sword ( being the instrument of slaughter ) is put for slaughter . In like manner the Tongue , for speech ; Arms , for war ; the hand , for the manuscript , or hand-writing . Scriptural Examples . Jam. 3.8 . But the tongue can no man tame , where the tongue ( the instrument of speech ) is put for the speech . 2 Tim. 1.16 . Was not ashamed of my Chain , ( i. e. ) of my bonds or bondage . See Prov. 10.20 . & 25.15 . Job 31.6 . Let God weigh me in an even ballance ; here Ballance ( the instrument of equity ) is put for equity it self . See Exod. 5.3 . 1 Sam. 22.17 . 1 Cor. 16.21 , &c. 2. A Metonymie of the Effect , is when the effect or thing caused , is put for its cause : As , Clades Lybiae , pro Cladis effectoribus , qui cladem Lybiae intulerunt . Mors ●●igida pallet , ( i. e. ) pallidos reddit . Victoria natura insolens & superba est , ( i. e. ) insolentes & superbos redait . English Examples . Hereby we say , death is pale , ' fear sad , a●ger hastie , wine bold ; by which is signi●●ed , that death makes pale , &c. Thus , Love is said to be bountiful , for that it renders one bountiful . Scriptural Examples . Exod. 15.2 . He is become my salvation , ( i.e. ) my saviour . Gen. 25 23. Two nations art in thy womb , ( i. e. ) the fathers of two nations ; that is , Esau , the father of the Idumeans ; and Jacob , the father of the Israelites . 2 King. 4.40 . There is death in the pot , ( i.e. ) some deadly thing which cause●h death . Mark 9.17 , 25. A dumb and deaf spirit , ( i.e. ) making the possessed dumb and deaf . See Rom. 7.7 . Heb. 11.39 . Joh. 3.19 . & 17.3 . 3. A Metonymie of the subject , is when the subject , or that to which any thing belongs is put for the Adjunct , or that which belongs thereunto : And it is made these nine waies , viz. 1. When the Subject is put for the Accident inherent : As , a Curii , victory ; Curius being the name of a certain victorious Captain . 2. When the container is put for the thing contained ; as , b Paterae , pro potu in eis contento , Crumena , pro nummis . Animosum pectus , pro corde . English Examples . The Cup , for the wine contained in it . The Purse , for the money therein , &c. Scriptural Examples . Mat. 26.27 . Luk. 22.20 . By the Cup is signified the wine contained therein . See Jer. 49.12 , &c. 3. When the Place is put for the inhabitants of the same , or for the things it containeth : as , c Germania , pro Germanis . Vrbs , pro Civibus . Carcer , pro vinctis . Anglia , pro Anglis . English Examples . The City met the General ; for the Citizens , &c. It is difficult to overcome Italy by war , or Greece by learning ; meaning the Italians and Grecians . We are to war against Spain , ( i. e. ) against the Spaniards . Scriptural Examples . Luk. 13.14 . Oh Jerusalem , Jerusalem which killest the Prophets , &c. by Jerusalem is meant the Rulers and people of that city . Deut. 4.26 . I call heaven and earth to record ; here by heaven and earth , Moses underderstands all in heaven and earth . Gen. 39.4 . He made him Ruler of his house , ( i. e. ) of all his servants , treasurers , and goods in the house . Mat. 10.15 . It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrah . Mark 1.33 . And the whole City was gathered together at the door ; ( i. e. ) the inhabitants of the City . See Luk. 19.9 . Acts 26.31 . Mat. 16.18 . 4. When the place is put for the actions properly done in the place : as , d Restrum , pro sermone . Academia , aut Scholae , pro doctrina . Sylve , pro venandi studio . English Examples . The Hall is done , ( i. e. ) the Action of that court of judicature . Thus an Academy or School is put for learning . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 68.29 . Because of thy Temple at Jerusalem ; here by Temple is understood the holy excercises and divine worship used in the Temple . 5. When the possessor is put for the thing possessed : as , e Vcalegon , a noble sage of Troy , whose name is here put for nobility and sagacity . Sic dicitur hominem d●v●rari , cujus patrimonium devoratur . Apud me ( i. e. ) domi meae . English Examples . Hereby , lands , houses , and ships , are often called by the owners names . Thus , With me , is usually to be understood at my house . So we say of some Guardians , They have devoured the Orphans , intimating the orphans patrimony . Scriptural Examples . Joel 3.20 . Judah shall be inhabited for ever ; here Judah the son of Jacob , is put for the land of Jewry , which was promised to his posterity , and by them possessed . Gen. 15.3 . A servant with me ; that is , in my house . Gen. 18.3 . Depart not I pray thee from thy servant , ( i e. ) depart not from my tent . 6. When the seat or place is put for the quality inherent to the same : as , f Cor ; os . Cor pro prudentiâ quae sedem habet in corde , ( unde prudentes Cordati dicuntur ; ) os , pro pud●●e ; qui se ore , ( i. e. ) vul●u prodit . Aut aliquando cor fortitudinem significat : Non tibi plus cordis , sed minus oris inest . English Examples . Thus the heart is put for wisdome , because wisdome hath its seat there . And sometimes also , the heart is put for courage and fortitude by this Trope . Scriptural Examples . Jer. 17.9 . The heart is deceitfull , &c. the heart being the seat or place , where the soul keeps it chief residence , is here and elsewhere , put for the will , affections and whole soul , as the qualities inherent thereunto . Prov. 6.32 . Whose committeth adultery with a woman , wanteth a heart ; where by the want of an heart , is understood foolishnesse . See Prov. 2.10 . 7. When the Advocate or Counsellor , who personates his Client , is put for him whom he personates and represents : as , g Patronus , procliente . The Cause will go against the Attorny General , intimating against his Client , whom he represents . 8. When the time it self is put for the things usually done in time : as , h Nox , pro somno . Aestas , pro messe . English Examples . The night is frequently put for sleep , and summer for Harvest . The dayes thought is the nights dream . The mornings view corrects the evenings work . In the two last examples , the day and the night , the morning and evening , do signifie the actions and accidents in them . Scriptural Examples . Job 32.7 . I said , dayes should speak , and multitude of years should teach wisdome , ( i.e. ) the aged , who have seen many dayes . 1 Chro. 12.32 . And of the children of Issachar , which were men that had understanding of the times . 1 Cor. 4.3 . Mans day , for mans Judgement . See Esth. 1.13 . Joh. 12.27 . Or contrarywise , when the things which are done in time , are put for the time it self , as , Messis , pro aestate . Calor , pro aestate . Frigus , pro hyeme . Ante focum si frigus erit ; si Messis in umbrâ . English Examples . By this Metonymie , the Harvest is put for Summer , Cold for Winter , and Sleep for the Night . Scriptural Examples . Exod. 23.10 . Six years thou shalt sow thy land , and gather the fruits thereof . See Isa. 17.5 . Exod. 23.10 . Deut. 24.19 . 9. When the name of the thing signified , is put for the sign : as , i Amaryllis , pro carmine de eadem . Jupiter , Apollo , Aencas , for the statutes or pictures of Apollo &c. Scriptural Examples . Thus in Gen. 17.10 . Circumcision is called the Covenant , when 't was only a Seal of the Covenant , and of the righteou●nesse of faith ; as appears in Rom. 4.11 . So in Exod. 12.11 . The Paschal Lamb is called the Lords Passeover . Mat. 26.26 , 28. B●ead and w●ne are said to be Christs body and blood ; of which they are only but signes . Thus in Luk. 22.20 . This is the new Testament in my blood ( i. e. ) a sign or seal of the New Testament in my blood . So in Titus 3.5 . Baptism is called the new birth . 4. A Metonymie of the Adjunct , is when the Adjunct , or that which belongs to any thing , is put for the subject , or thing to which it belongs or is adjoyned : as , Gen. 31.53 Jacob sware by the fear of his father Isaac , ( i. e. ) by God , whom Isaac feared . 2. King 20.1 . Set thy house in order , ( i.e. ) thy houshold affairs . Thus the Captain General is often put for his Army ; as , Hannibal was slain by Scipio ; here Hannabal is put for his Army which he had ●ed against the Romans , and Scipio for the Romans who obtained the victory . 1 Sam. 18.7 . Saul hath slain his thousands , &c. So in Act. 9 5. Christ is put for his members . Psal. 85.11 . Righteousnesse shall look down from heaven , ( i. e. ) God in whom righteousnesse resteth . Hos. 4.1 . There is no truth , nor mercy , nor knowledge of God in the Land ; by which Adjuncts is signified , that there are none , or very few at most , in whom those graces may be found . This Metonymie is made these 9 waies , viz. 1. When the sign is put for the thing signified thereby : as , k Fasces , pro Magistratu , Sceptrum , pro Regne , Toga , pro pace , Arma , pro bello . Huic consilio palmam damus ; ( i. e. ) victoriam . English Examples . Thus , weapons and armes sign●fie war , the keys power , and the palm victory , as being signs of war , power , &c. Scriptural Examples . Gen. 49.10 . The scepter shall not dep●●● from Juaah , ( i. e. ) the Kingdome , in●im●●i●g that Kings should not cease from the house o● Judah . Rom. 13.4 . He beareth not the swo●● 〈◊〉 vain , ( i. e. ) Authority . Jer. 24.10 . Thus here the sword is put for war. Thus also the name is often put for the thing it self : as , Rev 3 , 4 Thou hast a few names . Prov. 18.10 . The name of the Lord , ( i. e. ) the Lord himself . Phil. 2.10 . That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow , &c. Ephes. 5 , 20. Act. 1.15 . 2. When the quality is put for the person subject thereunto : as , l Scelus pro scelesto , villany for a villain . Deserts are preferred ; ( i. e. ) men deserving are , &c. Give room to the Quoise , ( i. e. ) to the Serjeant . 3. When the Adjunct of time is put for the persons , or things subject thereunto : as , m Aetas nulla , ( i. e. ) homines nullius aetatis . Aspera tum positis mitescent secula bellis . ( i. e. ) homines , qui istis seculis vixerunt . Temeritas est florentis aetatis , prudentia senectutis , ( i. e. ) Juvenum & senum : Juventus , ( i e. ) Juvenes ; Senectus , ( i. e. ) Senes . — Oculisve aut pectore noctem Accipit — Noctem , pro somno qui noctus capitur . English Examples . Thus the night is put for sleep , which is usually taken in the night . Take heed young idlenesse , ( i. e. ) idle youth . Scriptural Examples . Ephes. 5.16 . The dayes are evill , ( i. e. ) the hearts and conversations of the men of these dayes are evil . 4. When the names of the vertues themselves are put for good men ; and of the vices , for evill men ; and also when the names of divers other things are used for the persons , to whom they are adjoyned , or appertain : as , Ex hac parte pudor pugnat , illic petulantia : ubi pudor pro pudicis ; & petulantia pro petulantibus ponitur , &c. Virtutem praesentem odimus ; ( i. e. ) viros bonos . Justitia pro Justo , &c. English Examples . Thus vertue is put for good men ; and justice for a just man. 5. When the thing set in the place , is put for the place it self : as , n Libelli pro libraria . Ludus pro Circo . Te quaesivimus omnibus libellis , Bibliothecis . English Examples . Thus Books are put for a Library or Study . A play for a play-house . 6. When the thing contained is put for the container , or the Abstract for the Concrete : as , Aen. Virg. i. — Vina coronant , ( i. e. ) pateram vina continentem . Wine is put for the cup that contains it . English Examples . Psal. 11.7 . The righteous Lord loveth righteousnesse , ( i. e. ) righteous men . 1 Cor. 12.28 . Helps , governments , for helpers and governors . Phil. 3.3 . Circumcision is put for the persons circumcised . Tit. 1.12 . Wickednesse is put for wicked men . See Gen. 19.15 . Prov. 11.5 . Rom. 4.9 . Gal. 2.12 . It is very usual in Scripture to put the Abstract for the Concrete , to set forth the excellency of the person or thing spoken of . Thus God tels Abraham , that he shall not only be blessed , Sed erit ipsissima benedictio , Gen. 12.2 . ( i. e. ) affluens omni benedictione ; & non tam benedictus , quam ipsa benedicto dicitur . Thus in 1 Cor. 1.30 . Christ is not called righteous , but righteousnesse . 7. When the Antecedent , or that which goes before , is put for the consequent , or that which followes : as , Discumbere pro coenare . Audire vel auscultare pro obtemperare . Fuimus Troes , pro non amplius sumus . Vixit , ( i. e. ) mortuus est . Strato discumbitur ostro , ( i.e. ) cibum capiunt . English Examples . Thus , to hear , is to obey . He hath lived , ( i e. ) he is dead . They are set ( i. e ) a● s●pper . The sword is drawn , whereby is signified the ensuing slaughter . Scriptural Examples . Exod. 19.9 . Deut. 5.27 . Hear , is put for obey . So in Exod. 18 , 19. Hearken unto my voice ; for Obey my voice or commandement . 8. When the Consequent is put for the Antecedent : as , Sepultus est , pro mortuus est . Evigilabit , pro dormitat . English Examples . The Guests are risen , ( i. e. ) have supped . He is buried , ( i. e. ) he is dead . Scriptural Examples . Gen. 3.19 . In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat thy bread , &c. here by sweat following labour , is signified labour before meat . Isa. 28.16 . He that believeth , shall not make haste : this Paul in Rom. 9.33 . interprets , shall not be ashamed : shame and confusion being effects of making haste , &c. 9. When all things going together , one is put for another : as , Juxta Terentium castra posuerat Annibal , ( i.e. ) hujus & illius exercitus . Annibal ibi moratur , pro exercitu Annibalis . English Examples . Thus Hannibal is put for his Army , or any Captain General for the Army under his conduct and command . Scriptural Examples . Josh. 11.21.23 . Joshua overcame the Canaanites , ( i. e. ) he and his Army . So in 1 Sam. 18.7 . Saul hath slain his thousands , &c. So in Mat. 25.35 . Christ is put for his Members . A Metonymie of the End , is when the end is put for the means conducing to the same : as , Subeat virtus vestra experimenta majora , ( i.e. ) pericula . Aris imponit honorem , ( i.e. ) sacrificium . Dicitur & planstris vexisse po●mata Thespis , ( i. e. ) Scenas , in quibus poemata fiebant . An English Example . Let your courage enterprize greater experiments ( i. e. ) dangers . He layes honour upon the altar ( i. e. ) a sacrifice ; for that in the old Law none but such as were Priests unto God were admitted to sacrifice unto him , which was a dignity importing honour . Scriptural Examples . Jude 7. Sodome and Gomorrah were set forth for examples , ( i. e. ) were punished for examples sake . Psal. 57.8 . Awake my glory , ( i. e. ) my tongue given to glorifie God. See 1 Cor. 10.6 . A Metonymie of the form , is when the * form is put for the thing , to which it gives a being : as , Luxuries in flagitiis , Crudeli as in suppliciis , avaritia in rapinis , superbia in contumeli●s , pro luxurioso , crudeli , avaro , superbo . Ars mendicando quaerit honesta cibum , ( i. e. ) Artifices honesti . English Examples . Thus Art is put for an Artificer ; pride for a proud man , and covetousness for a covetous man , and the soul for man. Heare you modesty it self , ( i. e. ) some one very modest . Scriptural Examples . Exod. 1.5 . Seventy souls went down into Egypt , ( i. e. ) men . The like in Gen. 12.5 . & 46.18 . SYnecdoche , es , f. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Comprehensio , Comprehen●●on , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ synecdechoma● ] Comprehendo , aut , una excipio , seu recipio , to comprehen , or take together . It is a Trope , or a form of speech , whereby the more comp●ehensive wo●ds are put for the lesse comprehen●ive ; and contrarily : or when a part is understood by the whole , or the whole by a part , the general by the special , and contrarily : or , it is an exchange of the name of the part for the whole , or of the name of the whole for the p●rt . This figurative Exornation gives a grace unto spee●h , which otherwise it would want , enforcing the understanding of the hearers to a deeper consideration of the sense and meaning : and is chiefly fourfold , viz. 1. Synecdoche Speciei . 2. Synecdoche Membri aut partis . 3. Syn●cdoche Generis . 4. Synecdoche Totius . Confundit totum cum parte Synecdoche . Partis . a Myrtoum : auster ; b hyems , mucro . c Annibal ; d Anglus . 2. Totius : e Orator ; color . f Annus . g Vixit . h Atrides . 1 Synecdoche Speciei , is when the special or a particular sort implies a mo●e general : as , a Myrtoum , pro mari , the M●rtean se● , for the whole sea indefinitely . Auster pro vento , indefinite . Aristides pro justo . Moecenas pro Patrono . Croesus pro divite . Thraso pro glorioso . Hostes tela parant , ( i. e. ) arma . Ecce Aristidem , ( i. e. ) justum . Sic infinitum numerum dicimus pro magno ; Sexcenta licet ejusmodi proferre ; sexcenta , ( i. e. ) p'urima . English Examples . Caesar , for the King. Aristides , for a just man. Craesus , for a rich man. Auster , for the wind . It is not my sword that can help me ▪ where by Sword is understood all kinde of weapons and manners of defence . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 22.4 . Our father 's trusted in thee , &c ( i. e. ) our Ancestors ; where fathers , the more special name , is put for ancestors , the more general . Psal. 44.6 . I will not trust in my bow , neither shall my sword save me . And in 46.9 . He breaks the bow , and cuts the spear in sunder , &c. Where by bow , sword and , spear , are understood all weapons of war. See 2 Sam. 8.18 . Mat. 22.21 . Isa. 63.16 . Thus a certain number is put for an uncertain : as , Zech. 3.9 . Christ is said to have seven eyes , ( i. e. ) many , to signifie his perfect and singular care of his Church . The like in Deut. 28 , 7. Psal. 105.8 . He hath remembred his Covenant for ever : the word which he commanded to a thousand generations ; where a great or infinite number is put for an indefinite number , or such a number as is not determined . Psal. 119.64 . The righteous m●n falls seven times a day ; that is , often . So in Prov. 24.16 . Thus the word [ Many ] is taken for all : as , Dan. 12.11 . And many of them that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake . Now that this word [ many ] signifies all , the Holy Ghost bears witnesse , in Joh. 5.28 . All that are in the grave shall hear his voice . 2. Synecdoche partis , or a Synecdoche of the part , that is , when a part is put for the whole : as , b Hyems , a storm of rain or hail for winter . Tectum . pro domo . Mucro pro gladio . c Annibal , pro exercitu cujus Dux erat , velut pars primaria . d Anglus pro Anglis . * Hostis habet muros , ruit alto á Culmine Troja ; pro Hostes. English Examples . My name is tossed and censured by many tongues , ( i. e. ) by many men ; where the part of an intire body is put for the whole . Thus the roof of the house is put for the whole house ; the edge of the sword , for the sword : and the soul , for the whole man. Scriptural Examples . Gen. 12.15 . Then Abraham took Sahah his wife and the souls , &c. for the men and women that were his Servants . The like see in Rom. 13.1 . Rom. 12.1 . Present your bodies a living sacrifice ; ( i. e. ) the whole man. In Prov. 1.16 . & 6.18 . Their feet run to evill : where by feet of men , the men of such conversation are understood . Mat. 8.8 . I am not worthy that thou shouldst come under my ●oof ; where the roof signifies the house . In Isa. 7.2 , 5 , 89 , & 9.9 . The Tribe of Ephraim is put for the whole people of Israel . See Prov. 3.22 . & 10.14 . & 11.26 . The hand is put for the whole man , &c. Thus the singular number is put for the plural : as , d Anglus , pro Anglis . The Roman was victor in battail , intimating the Army of the Romans . The English man overcame the Hollander . Scriptural Examples . Isa. 1.3 . The Oxe knoweth his owner , and the Asse his Masters crib , &c. for Oxen and Asses . Jer 8.7 . The Stork in the heaven knoweth her appointed time ; for , the Sto●ks know their appointed time . Rom. 3.28 . Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith , &c. for , men are justified by faith . Job . 14.1 . Man that is born of a woman , ( i. e. ) men that are born of women , &c. Synedoche Generis , is when a general word comprehends the particular , or when the more general name is put for the more special : as , e Orator , pro Demosthene aut Tullio . Color , pro forma . g Vixit , pro mortuus est . h Atrides , ( i. e. ) Agamemnon ; quippe qui in expeditione Trojana rex regum diceretur . * Virtus pro fortitudine . Poeta pro Homero aut Virgilio . English Examples . Put up your weapon , for your dagger . He lived in such a Century , ( i. e. ) he is now dead . Thus living Creatures are put for beasts . The Poet , ( i. e. ) Homer or Virgil. Scriptural Examples . Mark. 16.15 . Preach the Gospel to every creature : signifying to all men , and not to any other creature . Gen. 6.12 . All flesh had corrupted his way , ( i. e. ) all men . Mat. 2.18 . Rachel weeping for her children , would not be comforted , because they are not ; for , lived not . Judges 19.3 . Spake to her heart : that is , comforted her . Exod. 30.34 . All sweet smelling spices , are put for spikenard . See 1 Sam. 13.13 . 1 King 2.4 . Synecdoche totius , A Synecdoche of the whole is when the whole is put for the part ; as , f Annus , pro tempore praesenti . Elephantus , pro dentibus . Sylvae pro arboribus . Pontus , pro fluctu . Nos , pro ego . Pabula gustassent Troje , Xanthumque bibissent : ( i. e. ) partem pabuli , partem Xanthi flavii . English Examples . An Army so great as drank rivers dry : meaning a great part of the water in the rivers . He carries a Goldsmiths shop on his fingers , for Rings . He fell into the water and swallowed the Thames , for the water . Scriptural Examples . 1 Sam. 5.3 . Behold , Dagon was fallen upon his face to the ground : though the same verse declares that before its fall , the head of Dagon and both the palmes of his hands were cut off upon the threshold , &c. See Gen. 8.13 . The world is put for the earth , in 2 Pet. 3.6 . The man is put for the soul : as in Luk. 16.23 . & 23 , 43. So in Gen. 3.19 . Till thou return to the ground ; where the man is put for his body . It is also by this Synecdoche , when any thing is spoken concerning many persons together , which yet appertains not to every one of them precisely : as , Gen. 35.26 . In this and the three precedent verses , you have a recital of the twelve sons of Jacob , ( which as this verse declares ) were born unto him in Padan-aram , and yet this appertains not unto Benjamin , who yet is reckoned with the rest , as in vers . 24. for he was born in the way near Ephrath , as in vers . 16. And in Heb. 11.13 . The Apostle having enumerated many Saints , and among the rest Enoch , ( as in vers . 5. ) generally addes , These all died in the faith , &c. and yet Enoch was translated that he should not see death , and was not found , because God had translated him , as likewise appears by the 5. verse . Thus the plural Number is put for the singular : as , Nos , pro ego . Nos populo imposuimus & Oratores visi sumus ; ubi de se tantum loquitur Orator . An English Example . Cicero to Brutus : We deceived the people , and seemed Orators , speaking of himselfe only . Scriptural Examples . Judg. 12.7 . And Jephthah was buried in the cities of Gilead , ( i. e ) in one City of that Region . Mat. 27.44 . The thieves also which were crucified with him upbraided him ; ( i. e. ) one of the thieves , namely , the unbelieving and unconverted thief . So also Gen. 21.7 . & 46.7 . * compared with the 15 , & 17. verses . But of the Grammarians it is called a Synecdoche , or Comprehension , * when a common word or name is restrained to a part which is expressed by the Accusative Case . And they call it Comprehension , because the particular is comprehended of the universal . This Synecdoche is a figure of Construction , and is when that which is part is attributed to the whole : as , Aethiops albus dentes , an Ethiopian white in the teeth ; here , white agreeing to the teeth only , is attributed to the whole Ethiopian : Pro toto positae partes , quam passio signat , Quartum vel sextum casum Synecdoche tradit . Passivis , Neutris , adjectis , participiisq : 1. Dentibus alba . 2. Caput doleo . 3. Spoliata lacertos . 1. Dentibus alba , White in the teeth . 2. Caput doleo , I am pained in my head . 3. Spoliata lacertos , Bereft of the strength of the body . By this Synecdoche all Nouns Adjectives , signifying any property ; also Verbs Passives , and Neuters , signifying any passion , may govern an Accusative or an Ablative Case , signifying the place wherein the property or passion is : as , Aeger pedes , or pedibus , Diseased in the feet . Rubet Capillos , His hairs are red . Truncatus membra bipenni , Cut in the limbs with an axe . Caetera similes , uno differunt , Like in other things , in one thing they differ . IRonia , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Simulatio , irrisio , mocking or counterfeiting , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in loquendo dissimulatione utor , to dissemble in speaking ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ eiro ] dico , from whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ eiron ] Simulator , qui aliter dicit ac sontit : from which Ironia is taken for dissimulation , whereby one thing is thought and another spoken ; it signifies also taunting speeches , or a speaking by contraries ; as if we should say black is whi●te . It is called the mocking Trope , whereby in derision we speak contrary to what we think or mean , or when one contrary is signified by another : This Trope is not so well perceived by the words , as either by the contrariety of the matter , or the manner of utterance , or both . Antiphrasis and this are of very nigh affinity , only differing in this , that Antiphrasis consists in the contrary sense of a word , and Ironia of a sentence . Contra quam sentit solet Ironia jocari . Scilicet , a egregiam laudem ; b pulchre ; c bone custos . a Egregiam laudem , ( i. e. ) turpe potius dedecus & infamiam . b Pulchrè , ( i. e. ) foediffimè . c Bone custos , ( i. e. ) male custos . O salve a bone vir , curasti b prebè , ( i. e. ) a pessime , b negligenter : foedè neglexisti . Si genus humanum , & mortalia temnitis arma , At 1 sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi . Alter erit maculis auro 2 squalentibus ardens . Hunc ego si potui tantum 1 sperare dolorem . 1. Sperate , ( i.e. ) timete . Sperare ( i. e. ) timere . 2. Squalentibus , ( i. e. ) splendentibus . Est in hic vocibus Catachresis . English Examples of an Irony . He was no notorious Malefactor , but he had been twice on the Pillory , and once burnt in the hand for trifling oversights . Milo had but a slender strength , who carried an oxe a furlong on his back , then kill'd him with his fist , and eat him to his breakfast . So when the Persian army was at variance among themselves , Philip of Macedon ( their utter enemy ) said , He would send his army to make them friends . Thus Gnatho speaks Ironically to Thraso ; What ( quoth he ) they knew you not after I had shewn them your good conditions , and made mention of your vertues ? Then answered Thraso , You did like an honest man , I heartily thank you : Here , both the saying of Gnatho and Thrasoe's Answer have a contrary signification . Scriptural Examples . Gen. 3.22 . And the Lord God said , Behold , the man is become as one of us : whereby the Lord declares his great disdain of their affectation o● an impossible preheminence , in being like to God ; as if he had said , he is now by his sin become most unlike unto us ; I see how well Satan hath performed his promise to them ; is he not become like one of us ? Judg. 10.14 . Go cry to the gods which ye have cho●en . So in Isa. 14.4 , 8 , 9. The Lord teaches his children to deride the proud insulting King of Babylon . Our Saviour also to awaken his drousie Disciples out of their security , doth in Mat. 26.45 . use this form of speech ; Sleeep on now and take your rest , &c. as if he had said , A perillous ●ime is at hand , wherein you shall have little list or leisure to sleep , you have therefore now the moe need to watch and pray . So Micaiah in 1 King. 2● . 15 bids Ahab go to battail against Ramoth-Gilead and prosper , ( i. e. ) go up and perish . Thus in 1 King. 18.27 . Elijah mocked the wors●ippers of Baal ; Cry aloud , for he is a god ; either he is talking or he is pursuing , or he is in a journey , or peradventure he sleepeth and must be awak●ned . Jo● 1● . 2 ●hus he taunts at his false friends : No ●o●bt but ●e ●●e the people , and wisdome shall ●e wit● yo● : as if he h●d s●id , In your own conceits there are none wise but your selves . No doubt but reason hath left us , and is gone wholly unto you ; yea wisdome is so tyed to your persons , that her conversation and ruine depends upon yours . 1 Cor. 4.8 , 10. We are fools , ye are wise ; we nothing , ye all , &c. See Amos 4.4 , 5. Eccles. 11.9 . CAtachresis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , abusio , abuse , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ catachraomai ] abutor , to abuse , or from the praeposition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ cata ] contra , against , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ chresis ] usus , use . It is a form of speech , whereby the speaker or writer , wanting a p●oper word , borroweth the next or the likest to the thing that he would signifie . It is an improper kinde of speech , somewhat more desperate than a Metaphor , and is the expressing of one matter by the name of another , which is incompatible with , and sometimes clean contra●y to it : and is when the change of spee●h is hard , strange ▪ and unwonted : or , It is the abuse of a Trope , when words are too fa● wrested from their native signification , or when one word is abusively put for another , for lack of the proper word : Du●ior improp●iae est Catachresis abusio vocis : Vir gregis ; ultorem promisi ; pulchra minatus . * Vir gregis ipse caper , deerravit , — ( i. e. ) Dux gregis . Capitis nives , ( i e. ) Cani capilli . Spera●e dolo●em , ( i e. ) time●e dolorem . Facies simillima Lauro ; nam facies propriè hominis est . English Examples of Catachresis . A voice beautiful to his ears . He threatens me a good turn . I promised him an executioner . I gave order to some servants of mine , ( whom I thought as apt for such Charities as my self ) to lead him out into a forrest , and kill him ; where Charity is used , or rather abused for Cruelty . They build a horse by Pallas are divine : here the Poet traduceth that to a beast , which is proper to the making of a house . And as he said that mislik'd a picture with a crooked nose : The elbow of his nose is disproportionable . By the license of this figure we give names to many things which lack names : as when we say , The water runs , which is improper ; for to run , is proper to those creatures which have feet and not unto water . By this form also we attribute hornes to a snail , and feet to a stool ; and so likewise to many other things which lack their proper names . Scriptural Examples of Catachresis . A Caution . Note that though this Trope be to be found in divers places of Scripture , yet not as if the Scripture abused words , but because those words which are Catachestical depart a little from the usual custome of figurative speaking , and are spoken or hang together more roughly or hardly : as , Heb. 11.5 . Enoch was translated that he should not see death . Hos. 4.8 . They eat up the sins of my people . Deut. 32.14 . The blood of the grape didst thou drink , ( i. e. ) the juice of the grape . Prov. 30.15 . By this form of speech Solomon nameth the two daughters of the horseleech . Psal. 137.5 . Let my right hand forget her cunning : here is forgetting applyed to the hand , which is proper to the minde . Jer. 46.10 . The sword shall devour ; here to devour , ( the property of a living creature with teeth ) is Catachrestically applied in the sword . Lev. 26.30 . And I will cutt down your Images , and cast your carkasses upon the carkasses of your Idols , &c. here pieces of Images are called carkasses . Exod. 23.19 . Thou shalt not seeth a Kid in his Mothers milk . Thus in Psal. 6.8 . Prayers and tears are said to have a voice ; the like of tears in Psal. 39.12 . The Lord hath heard the voice of my weeping . Isa. 64.1 . Oh that thou wouldst rent the heavens , &c. The Prophet here speaks of God after the manner of men ; if a man we●e in heaven and should descend , he having a body of grosse substance , must divide and rend the heavens ; but God being a most pure Spirit , passeth through all things without any dividing or rending ; yet is there in these divine condescensions of speech a singular excellency . Rev. 1.12 . And I turned to see the voice , &c. So Exod. 20.22 . Ye have seen that I have talked , &c. ( i. e. ) ye have heard the Lord speak . See Exod. 5.21 , &c. MEtalepsis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Transumptio , participatio , Participation or a taking from one another , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ metalambano ] transumo , aut particeps sum , to take of , or partake with another . Metalepsis is a forme of speech whereby the Oratour or speaker in one word expressed , signifieth another word or thing removed from it by certain degrees . Or , It is the cloathing of a Trope with excellency , or the multiplying of a Trope in one word ; to wit , first , when by one improper word another is signified , then by that improper word perhaps another , and so one after another till it comes to the proper word , a mean or middle degree , which affords a passing over or change intervening . It is the continuation of a Trope in one word through the succession of significations . This Trope is a kinde of Metonymie , signifying by the Effect a Cause far off by an effect nigh at hand ; and it teaches the understanding to drive down to the bottome of the sense , and instructs the eye of the wit to discern a meaning afar off ; for which properly it may be aptly compared to an high prospect , which presents to the view of the beholder an object remote , by leading the eye from one mark to another by a lineal direction , till it discerns the object inquired . Transcendit mediis gradibus Metalepsis ad altum : Hinc movet 1 Euphrates bellum . Mirabar 2 aristas . 1 , Euphrates pro Mesopotamia , per Meton . Adjuncti . Mesopotamia pro Orientalibus , per Synecdochen membri . 2. Aristas , pro spicis , per Synecdochen Membri : Spica , pro segete , per Synecdochen i●em Membri : Seges , pro aestate , quo anni tempore in agris luxuriatur , per Metonymiam subjecti pro Adjuncto : aestas pro anno rursum , per Synechdochen Membri . Invadunt urbem somno vinoque sepultam . ( i. e. ) Invadunt Trojanos somno vinoque sepultos . Vrbem , pro Troja , per Synecdochen Generis ; Troja , pro Trojanis , per Metonymiam Subjecti . English Examples of Metalepsis . Virgil by ears of corn signifieth summers , by a Metonymie of the subject ; and by summers , years , by a Synecdoche of the part . They invade and enter the City , drowned in sleep and wine , ( i e , ) they invade Troy , or the Trojans buried in sleep and wine . Scriptural Examples . Lam. 4.4 . The tongue of the sucking childe cleaveth to the roof of his mouth for very thirst , &c. Here , by the extreme thirst of the sucking babes , the Prophet signifies the mothers barren and dry beasts ; and by the dry beasts , the extreme hunger and famine ; and by the famine , the wofull affliction and great misery of the people . Mat. 21.10 . All the City was moved ; where the City is put for Jerusalem ; the general word comprehending the particular by a Synecdoche Generis ; and Jerusalem , for its inhabitants , by a Metonymie of the subject . Mal. 4.2 . The Sun of righteousnesse shall arise with healing in his wings . Where wings are put for beams by a Catachrestical Metaphor . And beams for comfort and refreshing by a Metaphor . See Esth. 2.16 . Exod. 27.20 . HYperbole , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Superlatio , Exuperatio , * Exuporation or a passing of measure or bounds ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hyperballo ] supero , to exceed . It is an eminent excesse in advancing or repressing , and is when the Trope is exceedingly inlarged , or when the change of signification is very high and lofty , or when in advancing or repressing one speaks much more then is precisely true , yea above all belief . Hyperbole sometimes expresses a thing in the highest degree of possibility beyond the truth , that in descending thence we may finde the truth and sometimes in flat impossibilities , that we may rather conceive the unspeakablenesse then the untruth of the relation . But though an Hyperbole may be beyond belief , yet ought it not to be beyond measure or rule ; let it suffice to advertise , that an Hyperbole feigns or resembles , not that it would by a fiction or untruth deceive ; but then is the vertue and property of an Hyperbole , when the thing it self , of which we speak , exceeds the natural rule or measure , therefore it is granted to speak more largely , because as much as the thing is , can not be reached unto . Hyperbole is twofold , viz. 1. Auxesis , when we increase or advance the signification of a speech . 2. Meiosis , When we diminish or repress the signification of a speech . Extenuans augensve excedit Hyperbole verum . Astra ferit . Pluma levior . Volat ocyor Euro . Merita vestra caelum contingunt . Candidior Cygnis . Hedera formosior alba . Jam jam tacturos Tartara nigra putes . Auxesis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , augmentum , an increasing . It is when for the increasing , and amplifying we put a word more grave and substantial in stead of the proper word being lesse : as , Cum liberalem , magnificum ; severum , saevum ; improbum , sacrilegum dicimus . English Examples . In dispraise . Thus a proud man is called Lucifer , a drunkard a swine , an angry man mad . In praise . Thus a fair virgin is called an Angel ; good musick celestial harmony ; and flowers in medowes , stars . Scriptural Examples of Auxesis . Isa. 4.1 . Wars are put for some strife . Jer. 15.20 . And I will make thee unto this people a strong brazen wall , &c. Gen. 11.4 . Let us build us a city and a tower , whose top may reach unto the heaven , &c. See Mic. 9 , 7. Job 39.19 . Gen. 41.47 . Exod. 8.17 . Judg. 5.4 , &c. Meiosis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , diminutio , extenuatio , Diminution , or lessening . It is when lesse is spoken , yet more is understood ; or when for extenuation sake we us● a lighter and more easie word or terme t●en the matter requires ; or when we put a lesse word for a greater : as , Cum adulator●m blandum & affabilem , prodigum aut audacem , liberalem aut fortem nuncupamus . Of this further at the end of Hyperbole . But the Hyperbolical Meiosis or Dimunition , is that which increases defect : as , Cum homunculum , Pygmaeum ; stupidum , stipitem ; qui non resp●ndet , mutum appellamus . English Examples of Meiosis . Thus a great wound is called a scratch ; a flat fall , a foile , and a raging railer , a testy fellow , &c. As Auxesis of small things makes great matters , so Meiosis of great matters makes but trifles . In Meiosis , the speaker ought to take care that he fall not into that fault of speech , called Tapinosis , humility , that is when the dignity or majesty of a high matter is much defaced by the basenesse of a word ; as to call the Ocean a stream , or the Thames a brook , a foughten field a fray , great wisdome pretty wit ; or as if one should say to a King , May it please your Mastership . Scriptural Examples of Meiosis . 1 Sam. 24.15 . After whom is the King of Israel come out ? after a dead dog , and after a flea ? See Psal. 22.7 . 1 King. 16.2 . Thus in 1 Cor. 5.1 . lesse is put that more may be gathered from it . Jam. 4.17 . To him that knoweth to do good , and doth it not , to him it is sin , ( i. e. ) a great sin . 1 Cor. 10.5 . But with many of them God was not well pleased , ( i. e. ) was highly displeased . Thus in Gen. 18.27 . Abraham calls himself but dust and ashes . And in Job 25.6 . He calls man but a worm . English Examples of an Hyperbole . Streams of tears gushed out of her eyes , and the greatness of her grief rent her heart in sunder : where by these incredible tokens of sorrow , her incredible lamentation and grief is signified . This form of speech is either simple , or compared : viz. 1. Simple , as to call the belly of a great glutton , bottomlesse : him that is most hasty in his fury , brainlesse ; a notable coward , heartlesse . 2. An Hyperbole is compared two manner of waies : 1 By equality of comparison : as , to call a beautiful virgin an Angel ; a shrew , a devill ; a drunkard , a swine ; an extortioner , a wolfe . 2. By the comparative degree , &c. Harder then a Diamond . Swifter then thought The worst that ever eye saw , or heart could imagine . But in the frontiers of impossibilitie : as , Though a thousand deaths followed it , and every death were followed with a hundred dishonours . The world sooner wanted occasions , then he valour to go through them . Words and blows came so thick together , as the one seemed a lightning to the others thunder . Beyond the bounds of conceit , much more of utterance . Scriptural Examples of Hyperbole . Judg. 20.16 . There are 700 men spoken of , every one of which could sling a stone at an hairs breadth and not misse . 2 Sam. ●● . 2.3 . Saul and Jonathan were swifter then eagles and stronger then Lions . Gen. 32.12 Thy seed shall be as the sand of the sea . See Psal. 78.27 . So in Heb. 11 , 12. So many as the stars of heaven . Deut. 9.4 . Cities fenced up to heaven . Psal. 107.26 . The waves of the sea mount up to heaven , and go down to the depths , ( i.e. ) they are sorely tossed up and down when the Lord commands and raises the stormy winde . Joh. 21.25 . The whole world could not contain the books , if they were written , &c. ( i.e. ) they would be very many . Luk. 10.15 . Thou Capernaum which art lifted up to heaven , ( i.e. ) highly exalted . Luk. 10.18 . I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven . See Psal 42.3 . & 69.4 . Prov. 13.24 . Joel 3.18 . The Hills shall flow with milk , and the mountains with wine , &c. 1 Sam. 25.37 . Nabals heart died in his breast , and he was made into a stone : This carries a far greater and more emphatical energie of signification with it , then our manner of speech , he was very much affrighted and astonished . ALLegoria , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Inversio , permutatio , inversion or changing ; It is an inversion when one thing is propounded in the words , and another in the sense , the word is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ allegoreo ] aliis verbis allegoricè significo , to a signifie a thing allegorically under other words . Observe , that in a Metaphor there is a translation of one word only ; in an Allegory , of many ; and for that cause an Allegory is called a continued Metaphor . And as a Metaphor may be compared to a star in respect of beauty , brightnesse and direction ; so an Allegory may be likened to a constellation , or a company of many stars . An Allegory is a sentence that must be understood otherwise then the literal interpretation shewes . It is the continuation of Tropes in divers words , as a Metalepsis is the continuation of a Trope in one word through the succession of significations ; and these are sometimes confused or distinct ; or , It is the continual prosecution of a Metaphor and that proportionably through the whole sentence , or through divers sentences , or as others say , It is the continuation of a Trope , and of the same Allusion in the same discourse ; and is , when one kinde of Trope is so continued , as look with what kinde of matter it be begun , with the same it be ended . Continuare Tropos allegoria adsolet : a Absque Et Cerere & Baccho Venus alget . Claudite rivos . a ( i. e. ) Sine pane & vino friget amor . In Reipublicae corpore omnia membra , manus , pedes , caput , in totius salutem conspirare debent . Quoniam ex vadis jam evasisse videor , & scopulos praetervecta videtur oratio , perfacilis mihi reliquus cursus ostenditur . O Naves , referent in mare te novi Fluctus : O quid agis ? sortiler occupa Portum , &c. In qua , Navem pro Republica , fluctuum tempestates pro bellis Civilibus ; & portum pro pace & concordia intelligi voluit Horatius ; lib. 1. Od. 14. English Examples of an Allegory . Shall we suffer the monstrous Crocodile to come out of Nilus and to break into our fold , to overcome our Shepherd , to rent off our skins with his griping pawes , to crush our carkasses with his venemous teeth , to fill his insatiable paunch with our flesh , and to wallow a● h●s pleasure in our wool ? By this Allegory our enemies are described , who either by open force or secret conspiracy are prepared and fully bent to captivate , infringe and destroy the people with their liberties , and to possesse their dwelling places and enjoy their wealth . Rub not the scar , lest you open again the wound that is healed , and so cause it to bleed afresh . Though this be sense and a reall truth in the letter , yet it hath an Allegorical signification , ( i. e. ) Renew not by rehearsal that sorrow which time hath buried in the grave of oblivion , or made forgot . Philoclea was so invironed with sweet rivers of vertue , that she could neither be battered nor undermined . Where Philoclea is expressed by the similitude of a Castle ; her natural defence , by the natural fortification of rivers about a Castle ; and the Metaphor continues in the attempting her by force or craft , expressed by battering or undermining . But when she had once his Ensign in her minde : then followed whole squadrons of longings , that so it might be with a main battle of mislikings and repinings aginst their creation . Where you have Ensigns , squadrons , main-battles , Metaphors still derived from the same thing , to wit , war. The world 's a Theater of theft ; great rivers rob the smaller brooks , and they the Ocean . Sometimes an Allegory is mixt with some words retaining their proper and genuine signification , whereof this may be an Example : Why covetest thou the fruit , and considerest not the height of the tree whereon it growes ? thou dost not forethink of the difficulty in climbing , nor danger in reaching , whereby it comes to passe , that while thou endeavourest to climb to the top , thou fallest with the bough which thou embracest . This Allegory describes , though somewhat obscurely , yet very aptly the danger , vanity , and common reward of ambition : And the words which retain their proper signification are these , covetest , considerest , and forethink ; which words do make it a mixt Allegory . Scriptural Examples of an Allegory . A Scriptural Allegory is such as contains an abstruse and hidden sentence , and other then the native signification of the words will bear ; and it is , when under a dark and hidden saying , the literal sense contains another , to wit , a spiritual or mystical meaning . It is the representation of some mystical or spiritual thing by another , mentioned in Scripture , and is , when by the things done under the old Law , the mysteries of the New Testament are signified : from whence an Allegorical sense of the Scripture hath its ●i●e . A Scriptural Allegory is twofold , viz. 1. Natural . 2. Inferr'd . A natural Allegory is such as is expresly delivered in the Scriptures themselves ; and this properly is the mystical sense of the Scripture : as , Gal. 4.25 . For this Agar is Mount Sinai in Arabia , and answeteth to Jerusalem which now is , &c. The Apostles meaning here is , that in a mystical sense , Agar hath some proportion unto Jerusalem , that is unto the Jewes , whose Metropolis or chief City Jerusalem was : for , as Agar the bond-woman obtained a place in Abrahams house , and was at length cast forth thence ; so the Jews were in the Apostles time under the servitude of the Law , and for that they would be justified by the works of the Law , were ejected the house of God. Exod. 34.29 . The face of Moses shined , &c. This contains an Allegorical sense which the Apostle explains in 2 Cor. 3.7 . , 13 , 14. But if the ministration of death , &c. was glorious , so that the Israelites could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance , &c. how shall not the ministration of the spirit be rather glorious ? vers . 14. but their minds were blinded : for untill this day remaineth the same vail . &c. in the reading of the old Testament : which vail is done away in Christ. The like Allegory you may find if you compare Exod. 12.15 , 17. with 1 Cor. 5.7 , 8. 2. An Allegory inferr'd , is such as the Scripture it self shewes not , nor makes manifest , but is brought in by interpreters . Allegories of this kind are like unto pictures ; but their literal expositions like to stone-wals ; the house hath its strength from the stone-wals , the pictures afford not the least strength either to the house or wals . This Allegory is either offered , or inforced and wrested : 1. That inferr'd Allegory from Scripture which is offered , hath a probable ground and foundation in the literal sense , and a proportionable agreeablenesse of things , and is likewise agreeable to the Analogie of faith : as , Gen. 6.14 . The description there of the Arke of Noah doth allegorically represent Gods spiritual house or Church , which in 1 Pet. 2.5 . is said to be built up of living stones ; and also denotes the Lords miraculous preservation of that Church of his , so that neither the waves , or strange and pernicious doctrines , or tentations or persecutions can break in upon or drown it . Gen. 8.11 . The Olive leaf represents the Gospel ; for in Luk. 10.34 it is evident that oil signifies mercy and peace . Luk. 15. The prodigal , when absent from his f●thers house , sound nothing but misery and perplexity ; which doth Allegorically represent unto us , That rest is to be found in the Creator only , and not in the creature . So in the whole book of Canticles , the sweet conference between Christ and his Church , is set down in the words and expressions proper to husband and wife . Thus old age is most elegantly decipher'd in Eccles. 12.5 , 6. 2. An Allegory inforc'd and wrested , is such as is lest destitute of a probable ground or foundation in the literal sense ; either it differs too much from the thing , from which it is taken , or it is agreeable to another and thwart object ; or otherwise it is too far remote from the Analogie of the Scriptures : as , such are , Mat. 13 , 8. And other seeds fell into good ground and brought forth fruit , some an hundred fold , &c. See Psal. 110.1 . Mat. 15.11 . Other Allegories . Jer. 23.5 , 6. Behold , the daies come , saith the Lord , that I will raise unto a David a righteous branch , &c. In his daies Judah shall be saved , and Israel dwell safely , so in Zech. 3.10 . Which Allegorically represents the glorious peace and tranquillity of all Saints , when Christ shall have set up his Kingdome , and reign from the River to the end of the land . See Hos. 13 , 14 , 15. Job . 29.6 . Prov. 23.29 . ANtonomasia 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nominis unius pro alio positio , A putting of one name for another , or the exchanging or a name ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , pro , for , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ onomazo ] nomino , to name : Antonomasia is a form of speech , whereby the oratour or speaker , for a proper name putteth another , and some name of dignity , office , profession , science , or trade . It is a kinde of a Metonymie and Synecdoche Generis , and is when another name , a nickname or common name is put instead of the proper name , or when a word being put without a name , supplies the place of the name . Antonomasia imponit cognomen , ut ; a Irus ; Impius ; b Aeacides ; c Poenus ; d Cytherea ; e Poeta . a Irus being a poor Messenger of Penelopes woers , is here put for any poor man. Impius , wicked , the wicked fellow is put for any man notoriously wicked . b Achilles , the Nephew of Aeacus . c Carthaginian for Hannibal who was the eminent man of Carthage . d Any remarkable person of Cythera , but here it signifies Venus , who was carried to Cythera in a cockle-shell , and was the goddesse of that place . e Poeta the Poet ; for Virgil or Homer . Arma virumque cano ; — ubi intelligitur Aeneas . English Examples . This Rhetorical Exornation is used five waies , viz. 1. Hereby the Oratour speaking to high dignities , boweth ( as it were ) the knee of his speech , and lifts up the eye of his phrase to the bright beams of earthly glory , thereby declaring his reverence and their dignity : thus when he speaks to a King or a Prince , he saith your Majesty , your Highnesse : to a Nobleman your Lordship , your Honour . 2. In stead of name or title , he useth a decent and due Epithet , thus , Honourable Judge , Honoured Sir. 3. The Author by the name of his profession or science , as when we say , the Philosopher for Aristotle : The Roman Orator for Cicero : The Psalmograph for David . 4. A man by the name of his Countrey : as , the Persian the Germane , the Britain . 5. When we give to one man the name of another , for the affinities sake of their manners or conditions . In praise thus , As when we call a grave man a Cato , a just dealer an A●istides , a wise man a Solomon . In dispraise , To call an envious detractor a Zoilus , a captious reprehender a Momus , a tyrant a Nero , a voluptuous liver an Epicure . Scriptural Examples of Antonomasia . Prov. 18.10 . The name of the Lord is a strong Tower , &c. Joel 2.11 . He is strong that executes his word . Gen. 21.33 The everlasting God , where the common attributes , strong and everlasting are put for Jehovah , the more proper name of God. So in Mat. 21.3 . Joh. 11 , 3 , 12. Christ is called Lo●d : and in Joh. 11.28 . Master : and in Mat 8.20 . & 9.6 . The son of man : in Gen. 48.16 : The Angel : in Exod. 3.2 The Angel of the Lord : and in Isai. 63.9 . the Angel of the Lords presence : and Euphrates is in Gen. 31.21 . called the River : and Christ in Dan. 11.22 . is called the Prince oft he Covenant . and in Gen. 3.15 . the seed of the woman : and in Heb. 12.24 . the Mediator of the New Covenant . Thus Christ also calls his Church , his Sister , his Love , and his Dove ; and the Church in like manner , him her Beloved . LItotes , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tenuitas , tenuity , smalness or finenesse , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ litos ] tenuis , small or fine . It is a kinde of Synecdoche . A Trope when a word is put down with a sign of negation , * and yet as much is signified as if we spake affirmatively , if not more : and by others it is called a Figure . When lesse is said then signifyed , and whereby the oratour or speaker for modesties sake seems to extenuate that which he expresses . Non equidem laudo , est Litotes ; nec munera sperno . Non sperno . ( i. e. ) diligo . Rhodi Romanis haud infesti , ( i. e. ) amicissimi . Et Gens illa quidem sumptis non tarda pharetris , ( i. e. ) velocissima . Me non spernitis , ( i. e. ) di igitis . English Examples . It is no small account that he makes of his own wit , or he setteth not a little by himselfe . Here by the negations of small and little , or much , are both signified and properly amplified . Also by denying the Superlative it takes the Positive degree thus : He is not the wisest man in the world , or he is none of the wisest , ( i e. ) he is not wise at all . This and such like formes of speaking are used for modesties sake ; for it were not so seemly to say , that he lacks wit , or that he is a fool . So , if a man had some good occasion or just cause to commend himself , he cannot by any means do it in more modest manner then by this form of speech , as if he should say : I was not the last in the field to engage the enemies of my Countrey . Here , if he should have said , I was first , or one of the foremost in the field , although he had spoken never so truly , it would have savoured of arrogancy and boasting . Scriptural Examples of Litotes . Psal. 51.17 . A broken heart God will not despise , ( i. e. ) he will highly prize it . 1 Thess. 5.20 . Despise not prophesying , ( i. e ) see that you highly prize it . The like in Rom. 2.4 . Psal. 105.15 . Touch not mine anointed , &c. ( i. e. ) hurt them not , take heed you be not found among the persecutors of my anointed ones . Job . 10.3 . Despise not the work of thine hands , ( i. e. ) do thou graciously take notice of the work , &c. Psal. 9.12 . He will not forget the cry of the humble , ( i. e. ) he will surely remember their cry , &c. Thus when the Scripture would strongly affirm , it doth it oftentimes by denying the contrary : as , Isai. 38.1 . Thou shalt die , and not live , ( i.e. ) thou shalt certainly die . The like in Ezek. 18.21 . Deut. 28 , 33. Joh. 1.20 . Isa. 39.4 . Jer. 42.4 . 1 Joh. 1.5 . Job . 31.17 . Job saith that he hath not eaten his meat alone , and that he hath not seen any man perish for want of cloathing , or any poor for lack of covering . Here if Job had said , that he had feasted many , that he had cloathed every poor body that should otherwise have perished , he had not spoken so modestly , albeit he had said as truly . It is very familiar with the Hebrewes , by affirming and denying to expresse the same thing for stronger confirmation of 10 : as , Deut. 33 6. Let Reuben live and nor die . The like in 1 Sam. 1.11 . Prov. 36.11 . ONomatopoeia , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Nominis seu nominum fictio , the feigning of a name or names ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ onomatopoieo ] nomen seu nomina fingo , fingo vocabula , á sono ea deducens ; to feign a name from the sound . Nominis fictio , is a form of speech , whereby the oratour or speaker makes and feigns a name to some thing , imitating the sound or voice of that which it signifies , or else whereby he affecteth a word derived from the name of a person , or from the original of the thing which it expresseth : or , It is a kinde of Metonymie , and it is properly said of words so feigned , that they resemble or represent the sound of the thing signified . A sonitu voces Onomatopoeia fingit ; 1 Bambalio , 2 Clangor , 3 Stridor , 4 Taratantara , 5 Murmur . 1. A stammerer . 2. The sound of a Trumpet . 3. A crashing noise , or the craking of a door . 4. The sound of the Trumpet . 5. The noise of water running , a running or buzzing noise . Teucria , a Teucro . Dardania a Dardano . English Examples of Onomatopeia . This form of feigning and framing names is used 6. waies , viz. 1. By imitation of sound , as to say , a hurliburly signifying a tumult or uproar : likewise , rushing , lumbering , ratling , blustring , &c. 2. By imitation of voices , as , the roaring of Lions , the bellowing of bulls , the bleating of sheep , the grunting of swine , the croaking of frogs , &c. 3. By the derivation from the original ; the city Troy was so called by derivation from King Tros , and before that , it was called Teucria from Teucrus , and first of all Dardania from Dardanus ; so Ninivie of Ninus . 4. By composition , as when we put two words together and make of them but one , as Orator-like , Sholar-like : thus also we call a churle , thick-skin ; a niggard , pinch penny ; a flatterer , pick-thank . 5. By reviving antiquity ; touching this I refer the reader to Chaucer , and to the shepherds Kalendar . 6. When we signifie the imitation of another mans property in speaking or w●iting ; this form of speaking is more usual in the Greek tongue , and sometimes used in the Latine : as , Patrissare , Matrissare , Platonissare , ( i. e. ) to imitate his father , to imitate his mother , to imitate Plato , whi●h form our English tongue can scarce imitate , except we say he doth satherize , Platonize , temporize , which is not much in use ; yet we more usually follow this form , thus ; I can not Court it , I can not Italian it , ( i. e. ) I can not pe●form the duty or manners of a Courtier , I cannot imitate the fashion of an Italian . ANtiphrasis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sermo per contrarium intelligendus , a word or speech to be understood by the contrary , or contrarily ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Antiphrazo , per contrarium loquor , to speak by contraries . Antiphrasis is a form of speech which by a word exprest doth signifie the contrary . It is a kinde of an Irony , and is , When one and the same word hath a contrary signification , or a meaning contrary to the original sense . Antiphrasis voces tibi per contraria signat ; a Lucus ; b Sacra fames ; c Euxinus ; d Symphora ; e Parcae . a Lucus , signifies a lightsome place or lightning , according to the original of the word , but here it signifies a grove or thick wood , for that it takes in no light at all . b Sacra fames , literally signifies holy famine or hunge● ; bue here , a covetous desire . c Euxinus , originally Hospitable , but here it signifies a part of the sea near Thrace , which is nothing lesse . d Symphora , congestion or heaping up ; but it is sometimes taken for prosperity , and sometimes for adversity . e Parcae , originally signifies sparing or favouring , but here by Autiphrasis it signifies the three feigned Goddesses of destinie : viz. Clotho , which puts the wool on the Distaffe . Laehesis , which drawes the thred of our life . Atropos , which cuts it off and favours none . English Examples of Antiphrasis . It is when the speaker saith , wisely or wittily , meaning the contrary . You are alwaies my friend ; meaning mine enemy . You are a man of great judgment , signifying him to be unapt and unable to judge . Scriptural Examples . The word ( to blesse ) used in Gen. 12.3.24 , 35. 2 Sam. 2.10 . Psal. 34.2 . doth also by an Antiphrasis signifie ( to curse ) as appears by 1 King. 21.10 . where the same word that is used in the precedent Scriptures to blesse , is used in a contrary signification ; as , Thou didst blaspheme or curse God and the King ; as also in Job . 1.5 . It may be that my sons have sinned and cursed God in their hearts ; and likewise concerning what Jobs wife said unto him in Job . 2.9 . Curse God and dye . See another in Isa. 64.11 . &c. Thus in Rev. 5.5 . &c. a Lion signifies Christ , and in 1 Pet. 5.8 . the Devill . CHarientismus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , urbanitas , pleasantnesse , good grace in speaking ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ charientizomai ] jocor , to jest : Charientismus is a Trope , or form of speech which mitigates hard matters with pleasant words . It is a kinde of an Irony , and is , When for rough and unpleasing words , sweet and smooth words are returned : Dat Charientismus pro duris mollia verba . At bona verba precor . Ne saevi magna sacerdos . English Examples . A certain man being apprehended , and brought before Alexander the Great , King of Macedonia , for railing against him , and being demanded by Alexander why he and his company had so done , he made this answer , Had not the wine failed , we had spoken much worse , whereby he signified that those words proceeded rather from wine then malice ; by which free and pleasant confession , he asswaged Alexanders great displeasure , and obtained remission . Prov. 15.1 . Solomon commends that answer which turnes away displeasure and pacifies Wrath. AStismus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Vrbanitas sine iracundiâ , a kinde of civill jest without prejudice or anger ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ asteios ] urbanus festivus , civil or pleasant . It is a kinde of an Irony consisting of a pleasant and harmelesse jest : it is taken for any mirth or pleasant speech void of rustical simpli●ity and rudenesse . Astismus jocus urbanus , seu scomma facetum est : Qui Bavium non odit , amet tua carmina Maevi : Atque idem jungat vulpes , & mulgeat hircos . English Examples . The merry and pleasant sayings incident hereunto are called Facetia ( i.e. ) the pleasures and delights of speech which are taken from divers places . 1. From Equivocation , as when a word having two significations , is exprest in the one , and understood in the other , either contrary or at least much differing , which as it is witty , so very pleasant . 2. The occasion of mirth may be taken from a fallacy in sophistry , that is , when a saying is captiously taken and turned to another sense , contrrary or much different from the speakers meaning r as , To one demanding of Diogenes what he would take for a knock upon his pate , he made this answer , that he would take an helmet . Now he that made the demand , meant what hire , and not what defence . To one that said , he knew not if he should be ejected his house , where to hide his head : another made him answer , that he might hide it in his cap. SArcasmus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , irrisio quaedam amarulenta , a biting scoff or taunt ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sarkazo , carnes detraho , to draw away the flesh . * A Sarcasme is a bitter kinde of derision , most frequently used of an enemy ; it is near an Irony , but somewhat more bitter . Insultans hosti illudit Sarcasmus amare : En agros metire jacens , Et nuncius ibis Pelidae reserens . Satia te sanguine , Cyre . Vendidit & coelum Romanus & astra sacerdos : Ad Stygias igitur cogitur ire domus . English Examples . When M. Appius in his Proeme declared that he was ea●nestly entreated of a friend to use his diligence , eloquence and fidelity in the cause of his Client : after all the plea ended , Cicero comming to Appius , said thus unto him , Are you so hard a man ( saith he ) that of so many things which your friend requested , you will perform none ? The Pope in this life sells heaven ; hell therefore he reserveth to himself in the life to come . Scriptural Examples of a Sarcasme . Psal. 137.3 . Sing us one of the Songs of Sion : This was uttered in scornful and insulting manner over the poor Israelites being captives in Babylon . Gen. 37.19 . Behold , the dreamer cometh . Thus Michael spits out bitter reproaches against David , in 2 Sam. 6.20 . How glorious was the King of Israel to day , &c. ( i. e. ) how contemptible and inglorious ! &c. Thus Shimei reviled him in 2 Sam. 16.7 . Thus in Exod. 14.11 . the children of Israel taunt at Moses , Because there were no grave● in Egypt , hast thou taken us away to die in the wilde●nesse ? Mark. 15.29 , 30 , 31. And they that passed by , rayled on him , wagging their heads , and saying , Ah , thou that destroyest the Temple , and buildest it in three dayes , save thy self and come down from the crosse . Likewise also the chief Priests , mocking said among themselves with the Scribes , He save others , himself he cannot save . The like Sa●c●sme you shall finde in Nahum , 3.1 , 14. and Mat. 27.29 , 42. PAroemia , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ paroimia ] proverbium , adagium , vulgare dictum : A Proverbial speech or Proverb , applyed to things and times ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ paroimiazomai ] proverbialiter loquor , to speak Proverbially or in Proverbs . This form of speech is a kinde of an Allegory , or the continuation of a Trope in a speech in specie , wherein a respect is had to the common use , and so it is called a Proverb : or as others define it , It is a comparative speech or similitude which is wont to be in Proverbs , or ( as it were ) a sentence bearing rule , as having the chief pl●ce in a sentence , and by its gravity rendering the same more illustrious , clear and excellent . a Aethiopem lateremve lavare : Paeroemia dicta est . a Aethiopem ant laterem lavare ( i.e. ) frustrae laborare . Contra stimulum calcas ; thou kickst against the prickes ; i.e. repugnando tibi ipsi , non adversario noces , ut facit qui contra stimulum calcat . Lupum auribus teneo : I hold a wolf by the ears , ( i. e. ) dubius sum utrum inceptum peragam , an eo desistam , veluti qui lupum auribus tenet . English Examples of Paroemia . He that makes his fire with hay , hath much smoke and little heat : Whereby is intimated , That many words and little matter render men weary , but never the wiser . All are not thieves that dogs bark at : Declaring that ill tongues do as well slander good men , as speak truth of the evil . The sweetest Rose hath his Thorn : Whereby is signified that the best man is not without his fault . Many drops pierce the Marble stone : Declaring the excellency of constancy and perseverance in a good matter . Scriptural Examples . Exod. 11.7 . But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue , against man or beast , &c. Which proverb denotes their great peace and tranquillity . Prov. 14.4 . Where no Oxen are , the crib is clean ; but much increase is by the strength of the Ox. Ezek. 16.44 . Behold every one that useth Proverbs , shall use this Proverb against thee , saying , As is the Mother , so is her daughter , &c. A Proverb is a Comparative speech ; as in Gen. 10.9 . He was a mighty Hunter before the Lord ; wherefore it is said , even as Nimrod the mighty Hunter before the Lord , &c. Jer. 31.29 . They shall say , The fathers have eaten a sowre grape , and the childrens teeth are set on edge . 2 Pet. 2.22 . The dog is turned to his own vomit again , and the sow that was washed to her wallowing in the mire . Esth. 1.22 . Every man should bear rule in his own house . See Luk. 4.23 , &c. P●ov . 19.15 . Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep ; and an idle soul shall suffer hunger . AENigma , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ ainigma ] oratio verborum involucris tecta : A riddle or dark saying , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ainitto ] obscure loquor , aut rem involucris tego , to speak obscurely , or to hide a thing in dark sayings : But it is rather derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ainos ] which ( inter alia ) denotes a saying worthy of praise and admiration . Aenigma is a kinde of an Allegory , differing only in obscurity , and may not unfitly be compared to a deep myne , the obtaining of the metall whereof requires deep digging ; or to a dark night , whose stars are hid with thick clouds . If there be a singular obscurity in a Trope continued , it is called an Ae●igma , for that it renders a question obscure , or a speech knotty , and as it were wrapped in : or , It is a sentence or form of speech , whereof for the darknesse , the sense may hardly be gathered . Aenigma obscuris latitur sentencia verbis . Filiolas Cadmi profert Nilotis arundo , Quas serit è Cnidio distillans sepia nodo . In English thus . Cadmus his daughters fram'd Nilotis quill , Whilst Sepia doth from Cnidian knot distill . ( i. e. ) he writes love-letters in Greek . Explained thus : Cadmus being the first finder out of divers of the Greek Letters , they are by a Metonymie of the Efficient called his Daughters : And Cadmus his daughters here by a Catachrestical Metaphor signifie the Greek Letters . Nilotis Quill fram'd Greek letters ; for Nilotis Pen , &c. by a Metonymie of the Matter . Nilus is the name of a River in Egypt ; by the side whereof Reeds grow ; which are here called Nilotis Quill by a Catachrestical Metaphor : also Sepia a fish , whose blood is as black as ink , also black liquor , &c. here put for ink by Synecdoche Speceii or a Metaphor . Cnidus a City where Venus the Goddess of Love was worshipped ; here put for Venus by Antonomasia , or Synecdoche Generis , and Venus for Love , by a Metonymie of the Efficient . Mitto tibi a Lunam , b Solem simul & canis iram , Quae reddas à te , dulcis amice , precor . id est , ex Corde te saluto . Auri b Sacra c fames mortalia d pector a perdit . a Aurum pro aureis nummis , per Metonymiam Materiae . b Sacrum pro exsecrando , per Ironiam seu Antiphrasin . c Fames pro desiderio , per Metaphoram . d Pectus pro homine , per Synecdochen partis . Quid hoc esse censes ? Non ego de toto mihi corpore vendico vires , At Capitis pugnâ nulli certare recuso ; Grande mihi Caput est , totum quoque pondus in ipso . Malleus est Fabrilis . Dic quibus in terris & eris mihi magnus Apollo , Tres pateat Coeli spacium non amplius ulnas . Quid hoc esse existimas ? Sum nondum dira confectus morte , sepultus Haud urnâ , haud saxum , non humus ulla tegit : Et loquor , & supio , & vitalibus abdicor auris , Meque capit vivus m●que vehit tumulus . Hic modus nihil nobis facesset negotii amplius si Jonae historiam diligenter excusserimus , & cum hoc Aenigmate contulerimus : Is enim ex ventre Orcae ( piscis ) seu , ut ipse existimavit , ex medio Orci hoc sibi epitaphium vere ponere potuisset . English Examples of Aenigma . I consume my mother that bare me , I eat up my nurse that fed me , then I die , leaving them all blind that saw me . This is meant of the flame of a Candle , which when it hath consumed both wax and wicke , goes out , leaving them in the dark that saw by it . Ten thousand children beautiful of this my body bred , Both sons and daughters finely deckt ; I live , and they are dead . My sons were put to extreme death by such as lov'd them well , My daughters dy'd in extreme age , but where I cannot tell . By the Mother , understand a Tree , by the sons and daughters understand the fruit , and leaves ; by the sons being put to death by such as loved them well , understand those that gathered and eat the fruit ; by the daughters death in age , understand the leaves falling off by the returning of the sap to the Root in Autumn , &c. Anatomie of wonders great I speak , and yet am dead ; Men suck sweet juyce from these black veins which Mother Wisdome bread . By Anatomie of wonders , &c. understand a book ; by the sweet juice , instruction ; and by the black veins , the letters and lines in the book . An Arithmetical Aenigma . Suppose 30 Malefactors , viz. 15 English men , and 15 Turks are adjudged to be executed for Piracie , and that the Sheriff hath ( after this sentence ) power given him to save one half of these Malefactors , but must execute every ninth man , I demand how he may place them in such order and rank , as that he may execute all the Turks , and 〈◊〉 ●erve the English men ? Let him place them by this verse following ; and for that he would save the English , let him begin with them ; for that o is the first vowel mentioned here , let him place or ranck four of the English men , it being the fourth vowel , &c. Let o signifie the English man , and 1 the Turk . Populeam Virgam mater Regina tenebat . 45.2.1 . 3. 1. 1.2 . 2.3.1 . 2 2.1 . But if the Sheriff had been to have executed every tenth man : He should place them by this verse , Rex Paphi cum Gente bona dat signa Serena . 2. 1. 3. 5. 2.2.4.1 . 1. 3. 1. 2.2.1 . But if the Sheriff were to execute every 2.3 . or any number of the men between two and sixteen , I shall ( since Art is silent herein ) insert a Mechanical way for the ready performing the same : and shall give one President ; which followed ( mutatis mutandis ) will lead to the accomplishment of your desire in any the rest of these questions : viz. Suppose the Sheriff had been to have executed every fifth man : first represent the 30 Malefactors by 30 ciphers , or what characters you please , then cancel with your pen every fifth of them , till you have cancelled half of them , then have you the direct order of placing the men before your eye ; for the ciphers or characters c●ncelled represent the Turks to be executed , and the other uncancelled those that are to escape . Scriptural Examples of Aenigma . Gen. 40. & 41. chap. The dreams and visions there of Pharaohs chief Butler and chief Baker , as likewise Pharaohs own dreams were Aenigmatical ; The significations whereof were expounded by the Spirit of wisdome and Revelation in Joseph , as appears by Gen. 40.12 , 13.18 , 19. Gen. 41.26 , 27. &c. Dan. 4.10 , 11. &c. We have Nebuchadnizzars vision , which is also Aenigmatical . Thus were the visions of mine head in my bed : I saw , and behold a Tree in the midst of the earth , and the height thereof was great , the tree grew and was strong , and the height thereof reached unto heaven , and the sight thereof to the ends of the earth ; the leaves thereof were fair , and the fruit thereof much , and it was meat for all : the beasts of the field had shadow under it , and the sowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof , &c. which Daniel by the Spirit of the Lord opens in the same chapter . In Judg. 14.14 . we have Sampsons Riddle , Out of the eater came forth meat , and out of the strong , sweetnesse . Isa. 11.1 , 2. And there shall come forth a rod out of the stem of Jesse , and a branch shall grow out of his roots : and the Spirit of the Lord shall rest upon him , the Spirit of wisdom , and might , &c. See Ezek , 17.2 . & 26. chap. of the Proverbs , and divers other chapters in that Book , you shall find divers riddles and dark sayings , and the same opened and explained , in the demonstration of the same Spirit of wisdome they were proposed . Figures of a word : see pag. 5. & 6. EPizeuxis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Adjunctio , a joyning together of the same word or sound : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epizeugnumi ] conjungo , to joyn together . Epizeuxis is a figure of a word , whereby a word , is geminated and repeated by way of Emphasis , and usually without interposition of any other word : or it is the repetition of the same word or sound likewise when one or more words intervene by Parenthesis . This figure serves to the Emphatical setting forth of the vehemency of the affections and passions of the mind . Ejusdem sit Epizexuis repe●itio vocis : Ah Corydon , Corydon ; me , me ; bella , horrida bella . Talis amor Daphnim ( qualis cum fessa juvencam Per nemora atq , altos quaerendo bucula lucos , &c. ) Talis amor teneat , nec sit mihi cura mederi . This figure is twofold : viz. 1. In part of a word , which is 1. in the beginning of a Sentence . 2. in the end . of a Sentence . 1. In part of a word in the beginning of a Sentence : as , O utinam possem populos reparare paternis Artibus , atque animos formatae iufundere terrae ! 2. In a part of a word in the end of a sentence : as , Titus Annius ad illam pestem comprimendam , extinguendam , fund itus delendam natus esse videtur . 2. In a whole word , as , Ipsa sonant arbusta , Deus , Deus ille , Menalca . Si , nisi quae facio poterit te digna videri , Nulla futura tua est , nulla futura tua est . Excitate , excitate cum , fi potestis , ab inferis . English Examples of Epizeuxis . Thus Cicero to Anthony . Thou , thou , Anthony gavest cause of civil war to Caesar , willing to turn all upside down . Thus Virgil , Ah Corydon , Corydon , what madnesse hath thee moved ? O let not , let not from you be poured upon me destruction . It is not ( believe me ) it is not wisdome to hazard our salvation upon so weak a ground as mans opinion . Terrors , terrors , upon terrors laid hold on me . Scriptural Examples . Isa. 51.9 . Awake , awake , put on strength . Oh arm of the Lord , &c. Matth. 23.37 . Oh Jerusalem , Jerusalem , thou that killest the Prophets , &c. here the wo●d is geminated to expresse the ardency of the speakers affections . Isa. 52.1 . Awake , awake , put on thy strength O Zion , &c. See Isa. 51.17 , 12 , 38 , 19 , 40 , 1. Judg. 5.12 . Ezek. 21.9.27 . A sword , a sword , is sharpened , &c. I will overturn , overtu●n , overturn it , &c. ( i.e. ) I will certainly overturn it . Thus David bewaileth the death of his son Absalom , in 2 Sam. 18.33 . O my son Absalom : my son , my son Absalom ; would God I had dyed thee , O Absalom my son , my son . This you may find sometimes by way of Amplification , as Psal. 145.18 . The Lord is nigh to all that call upon him , even to all that call upon him in truth , so Psal. 68.12 . and Joel 3.14 . And sometimes also by way of Transition ; as , Hos. 2.21 . I will hear , saith the Lord , I will hear the heavens , and they shall hear the earth , and the earth shall hear the corn , &c. ANadiplosis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Reduplicatio , Reduplication , or redoubling , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , re , again , et 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ( diploo ) duplico to double . A figure whereby the last word or sound of the first clause is repeated in the beginning of the next . Est Anadiplosis quoties ex fine prioris Membri , Principium fit dictio prima sequentis . Pierides , vos haec facietis maxima Gallo : Gallo , cujus amor tantum mihi crescit in horas . Spectatum veniunt , veniunt spectentur ut ipsi . English Examples . With death , death must be recompensed . On mischief , mischief must be heapt . Let us at any rate buy the truth ; Truth will make us no losers . Prize wisdom , wisdom is a jewel too precious to be slighted . Scriptural Examples of Anadiplosis . Isa. 30.9 . This is a rebellious people , lying children , children that will not hear the law of the Lord. Deut. 8.7 . For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good land , a land of brooks of water , &c. Rom. 14.8 . If we live , we live unto the Lord ; if we die , we die unto the Lord , &c. P●al . 48.8 . As we have heard , so have we seen in the City of our God , God will establish it , &c. See Psal. 122.2 , 3. Our feet shall I stand within thy gates oh Jerusalem : Jerusalem is builded , as a City ; see the 5. verse of the same Psalm . Psal. 145.18 . Jer. 2.13.12.11 . Luk. 7.31 , 32. Psal. 9.8 . &c. CLimax , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Gradatio ; Gradation , or a climbing by steps ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ clino ] reclino , acclino , to bend towards or incline to , for that its ascending is rising upwards ; and its descending , declining or turning away . Gradation is a kind of Anadiplosis , by degrees making the last word a step to a further meaning : It is a figure when a gradual progresse is used in the site or placing of the same word ; or When the succeeding clauses of a sentece transcend each other by divers degrees , or steps of the same sound . Continua serie est repetita Gradatio Climax : Quod libet , id licet his ; et quod licet , id satis andent : Quodque audent faciunt ; faciunt quodcunque molestum est . Mars videt hanc , visamque cupit potiturque cupita . Nec vero se populo solum , sed Senatui commisit : nec Senatui modo , sed etiam publicis praesidiis et armis : nec his tantum , sed ejus potestati , cui Senatus totam Rempub. commisit . Pulchrum est bene dicere , pulchrius bene sentire , pulch●rrimum bene facere . English Examples of Gradation . His Arm no oftner gave blows , then the blows gave wounds , then the wounds gave death . Your words are full of cunning , your cunning of promises , your promises of wind . A young man of great beauty , beautified with great honour , honoured with great valour . You could not enjoy your goods without Government , no Government without a Magistrate , no Magistrate without obedience , and no obedience , where every one upon his private passion interprets the rulers actions . Out of idleness comes lust ; out of lust , impudence ; out of impudence , a contempt of whatsoever is good . Scriptural Examples . Matth. 10.40 . He that receiveth you , receiveth me , and he that receiveth me , receiveth him that sent me ; Rom. 5 , 3 , 4 , 5. Knowing that tribulation worketh patience , and patience experience , and experience hope , &c. 2 Pet. 1.5 , 7. Add to your faith vertue , and to vertue knowledge , and to knowledge temperance , and to temperance patience , and to patience godlinesse , and to godlinesse brotherly-kindnesse , and to brotherly-kindnesse love . 1 Cor. 11.3 . The head of every man is Christ , and the head of the woman is the man , and the head of Christ is God , &c. Rom. 8.30 . Whom he predestinated , them also he called ; and whom he called , them also he justified ; and whom he justified , them also he glorified . See Rom. 10 , 14 , 15. 1 Cor. 3.23 , 22. All are yours , you are Christs , and Christ is Gods. ANaphora 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Relatio , Relation , or a bringing of the same again , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anaphero ] refero , to bring again or rehearse . It is the repetition of a word of importance and effectual signification ; or , It is a figure when several clauses of a sentence are begun with the same word or sound . Diversis membris frontem dat Anaphora eandem . Ter conatus ibi collo dare brachia circum ; Ter frustra c●mprehensa manus effugit imago . Tu pugnare potes , mici sacri est consilii vis : Tu vires sine mente geris , mihi cura futuri est . Sic oculos , sic ille manus , sic ora movebat . English Examples . You whom vertue hath made the Princess of felicity , be not the Minister of ruine ; you whom my choyce hath made the Load-star of all my sublunary comfort , be not the rock of my shipwrack . An Example of Cicero in the praise of Pompey . A witnesse is Italy , which Lucius Sylla being Victor confessed , was by this mans counsel delivered ; A wi●nesse is Africa , which being opprest with great Armies of enemies , flowed with the blood of slain men : A witnesse is France , through which a way was made with great slaughter of Frenchmen for our Armies into Spain : A witnesse is Spain : which hath very often seen , that by this man many enemies have been overcome and vanquished . Scriptural Examples of Anaphora . Psal. 29.4 , 5. The voice of the Lord is powerful , The Voice of the Lord is full of Majesty ; The voyce of the Lord breaketh the Cedars , &c. Jer. 8.2 . Whom they loved , whom they served , whom they ran after , whom they sought , whom they worshipped , &c. 1 Cor. 1.20 . Where is the wise ? where is the Scribe ? where is the disputer of this world , &c. Psal. 118 , 8 , 9. Better it is to trust in the Lord , then to put confidence in man ; better it is to trust in the Lord , then to put confidence in Princes , &c. Jer. 50.35 , 36 , 37. A sword is upon the Caldeans , &c. a sword is upon the Lyars , &c. a sword is upon her mighty men , &c. See Rom. 8.38 . Psal. 27.1.118.2 , 4.124.1 , 2.148 , 1.2 , 3.150 . 1. Ezek. 27.12 , 15. Rom. 1.22 , 23. Amos 1.3.6.9 . EPISTROPHE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Conversio . Conversion , or a turning to the same sound , or a changing of course , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epi ] prope , near to , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ strepho ] verto , to turn or change It is a repetition of the same word or sound in the ends of divers members of a sentence . A figure when divers sentences end alike , or when divers clauses end with the same word or words . Complures clausus concludit Epistrophe eodem Dicto : Crede mihi , si te quoq pontus haberet : Te sequerer cenjux , et me quoq : pontus haberet . Surgamus , solet esse gravis cantantibus umbra : Juniperi gravis umbra : nocent & frugibus umbrae . English Examples . Ambition seeks to be next to the best ; after that , to be equal with the best : then , to be chief and above the best . Where the richnesse did invite the eyes , the fashion did entertain the eyes , and the device did teach the eyes . We are born to sorrow , passe our time in sorrow , end our days in sorrow . Either arm their lives , or take away their lives . Since the time that concord was taken from the city , liberty was taken away , fidelity was taken away , friendship was taken away . Scriptural Examples of Epistrophe . 1 Cor. 13.11 . When I was a childe , I spake as a childe , I understood as a childe , I thought as a childe . Psal. 115.9 , 10 , 11. Oh Israel , trust in the Lord , he is their help and their shield : O house of Aaron , trust in the Lord , he is their help and their shield : Ye that fear the Lord , trust in the Lord , he is their help and their shield . Matth. 7.22 . Have we not prophesied in thy name ; have we not cast out Devils in thy name , and done miracles in thy name ? 2 Cor. 11.22 . Are they Hebrews ? so am I : are they Israelites ? so am I : are they the seed of Abraham ? so am I. See Joel 2.26 , 27. Ezek. 33.25 , 26 , 27. Ezek . 36.23 , 24 , ●5 , &c. Amos 4.6 , 8. &c. Hag. 2 , 8 , 9. Lam. 3.41 , &c. SYMPLOCE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Complexio , Complicatio , an agreement of words in a sentence , or Complication or folding together , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ symplico ] Complico , Connecto , to wrap or couple together . Symploce is the joyning together of Anaphora and Epistrophe . A figure when several sentences or clauses of sentences have the same beginning , and the same ending ; or when all our beginnings and all our endings are like . Symploce eas jungit complexa utramque figuram . Quam bene , Caune , tuo poteram nurus esse parenti ? Quam bene , Caune , meo poteras gener esse parenti ? English Examples . An Example of Cicero . Him would you pardon and acquit by your sentence , whom the Senate hath condemned , whom the people of Rome have condemned , whom all men have condemned . O cruel death , why hast thou taken away my choice , my dear choyce , my dearest and most beloved choyce , and hid her in the dark , where I cannot find her ? Can the Host of Heaven help me ? can Angels help me ? can these inefriour creatures help me ? Scriptural Examples of Symploce . Psal. 47.6 . Sing praises to our God , sing praises : Sing praises to our King , sing praises . Psal. 118.2 , 3 , 4. Let Israel now say , that his mercy endureth for ever ; let the house of Aa●on now say , that his mercy endureth for ever , &c. Rom. 14.8 . Whether we live , we live unto the Lord ; whether we die , we die unto the Lord ; whether we live therefore or die , we are the Lords . See Psal. 136.1 , 2 , 3. Jer. 9.23 . 1 Cor. 12.4 , 5.6 . 1 Cor. 14 , 15. 2 Cor. 9.6 , &c. EPANALEPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Resumptio , a taking back : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ epi ] after 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ana ] again ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ lambano , accipio , to take , from whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ lepsis ] acceptio a taking . Ep●nalesis is the same in one sentence , which Symploce is in several . A figure , when ( for elegancies sake ) a sentence is begun and ended with the same word , or sound . Incipit & voce exit Epanalepsis eadem : Pauper amet caut● : timeat maledicere pauper . Vna dies aperit , conficit una dies . Vidimus tuam victoriam praeliorum exitu terminatam , gladium vagina vacuum non vid●mus . English Examples . Severe to his Servants , to his children severe . His superiour in means , in place his superiour . In sorow was I born , and must die in sorrow . Unkindness moved me , and what can so throuble me , or wrack my thoughts are unkindness ? At midnight thou wentst out of the house , and returnedst against at midnight . Scriptural Examples of Epanalepsis . Phil. 4.4 . Rejoyce in the Lord alwayes , and again I say rejoyce . 2 King. 18.33 . My Son Absalom , my son , &c. 1 Cor. 3.21 , 22. All things are yours , &c. whether things present , or things to come , all are yours . See 2 Cor. 4.3 . Psal. 8.1 , 9. Psal. 46.1 & ult . EPANODOS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , * Regressio , regression , or turning back : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ epi ] again , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anodos ] ascensus , an ascending or climbing up ; which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ano ] sursum upwards , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hodos ] via , a way . Epanodos is a figure whereby the like sound is repeated in the beginning and ending of divers sentences , ( an Anadiplosis intervening ) or , When the words of a sentence are turned upside down , or as I may say , repeated backward : the same sound being repeated in the beginning and middle , in the middle and end . Prima velut mediis , mediis ita Epanodos ima Consona dat repetens : Crudelis tu quoque mater ; Crudelis mater magis , an puer improbus ille ? Improbus ille puer , crudelis tu quoque mater . Thus in English , Whether the worst , the child accurst , or else the cruel mother ? The mother worst , the child accurst , as bad the one as th' other . Nec sine sole suo lux , nec sine luce sua Sol. Eloquentia non ex Artificio , sed Artificium ex Eloquentia natum . Hermogenes inter pueros Senex , inter Senes puer . English Examples of Epanodos . Men venture lives to conquer ; she conquers lives without venturing , &c. Parthenia desired above all things to have Argalus : Argalus feared nothing but to miss Parthenia . I never saw a fray more unequally made then that , which was between us this day , I with bearing the blows , and he with giving them , till we were both weary . Account it not a purse for treasure , but as a treasure it self worthy to be pursed up , &c. Unlawful desires are punished after the effect of enjoying ; but impossible desires are punis●ed in the desire it self . Shew'd such fury in his force , such stay in his fury . Scriptural Examples . Isa. 5.20 . Woe unto them , who call good evil , and evill good ; who put darkness for light , and light for darkness , &c. 2 Cor. 2.15 , 16. For we are unto God a sweet savour of Christ , in them that are saved , and in them that perish ; to the one we are the savour of death unto death ; and to the other , the savour of life unto life . Joh. 8.47 . He that is of God , heareth Gods Word ; ye therefore hear it not , because ye are not of God. Ezek. 35.6 . I will prepare thee unto blood , and blood shall pursue thee ; except thou hate blood , even blood shall pursue thee . See Rom. 7.19 . Gal. 2.16 . Ezek. 7.6 , 7 , 2 Cor 2.10 . Psal. 114.3 , 4 , 5 , 6. Ezek. 32.16 . 2 Thes. 2.4 , &c. PARONOMASIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , agnominatio , Agnomination , or likeness of words : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ para ] which in composition signifies amiss , or with some alteration , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ onoma ] nomen , a name : or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ paronomazo ] agnominio , to change , or allude to a name or word . Agnomination is a pleasant sound of words , or a small change of names ; or it is a present touch of the same letter , syllable , or word with a different meaning . A figure when by the change of one letter , or syllable of a word , the signification thereof is also changed . Voce parum mutata alludit significatum Paronomasia ; tu praedo , non praet ● . — Agnomitatio dicitur quae fiat similitudine aliquâ vocum & vicinitate quasi verborum : That is Agnomination which is made by any resemblance , and as it were by the neighbourhood and nighness of words . Quis Locus aut Lacus ? — Ab aratore orator . Non emissus ex urbe , sed immissus in urbem esse videatur . Video me a te circumveniri , non conveniri . Inceptio est amentium , haud amantium . Tibi parata erunt verba , huic verbera . Nata salo , suscepta solo , patre edita coelo . In stadio & studio virtutis . — ab Exordio ad Exodium . English Examples of Agnomination . Be sure of his sword , before you trust him of his word . Wine is the blood of the vine . Hardly any Treason is guided by reason . Friends turned fiends . You are like to have but a bare-gain out of this bargain . So fine a landerer should not be a slanderer . Bolder in a buttery then in a battery . A fit witnesse , a fit witless . She went away repining , but not repenting . Alas , what can saying make them believe , whom seeing cannot perswade ? This is no stumbling , but plain tumbling . Such errors will cause terrors . Scriptural Examples . 2 Cor. 10.3 . Though we walk in the the flesh , yet do not we war after the flesh . 2 Cor. 6.9 . As unknown and yet known , &c. Psal. 21.7 . In te confisi , numquam confusi . See Isa. 5.7 . Rom. 2.1 . In quo alium domnas , teipsum condemnac . See 2 Cor. 4 8 , 9. Matth. 8.22 . Let the dead bury the dead , &c. ANTANACLASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Reciprocatio , Reciprocation or beating back , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ antanaclao ] reciprico , refringo , to goe back or bear back . It is a various signification of the same word : A figure when the same word is repeated in a divers if not in a contrary signification ; It is also a retreat to the matter at the end of a long parenthesis . — Amari Mejuvat , Antanaclasis erit , si nil sit amari . Veniam , si Senatus det veniam . English Examples . Care for those things in your youth which may in old age discharge you of care . Care in the first place signifies to provide , in the last , the solicitude and anxiety of the minde . In thy youth learn some craft , that in old age thou mayst get thy living without craft . Craft in the first place , signifies science , or occupation ; in the second , deceit or subtilty . * Shall that heart ( which does not only feel them , but hath all motion of this life placed in them ) shall that heart I say , &c. Scriptural Examples of Antanaclasis . Matth. 28.29 . I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine , untill that day , when I drink it new with you in my Fathers Kingdom , &c. Here the first word ( Drink ) hath a literal or proper signification ; but the later , a Metaphorical acceptation , concerning their partaking together of the joys of Heaven . John 1 10. The world was made by him , and the world knew him not , &c. The former word ( world ) notes the whole universe ; the later , the unbelieving men , who are of the world . Thus in Matth. 13.33 . Leaven signifies the nature of the Gospel , and in Mat. 16.6 , 12 , 7 , 8. sinful corruption . Matth. 8.22 . Let the dead bury their dead , &c. See Matth. 10.39 . Luk. 6.26 , &c. Joh. 4.13 , 14. Isa. 59.18 . PLOCE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nexus , contextus , binding together , or a continuation without interruption : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pleco ] necto , to knit or bind together . A figure when a word is by way of Emphasis so repeated , that it denotes not only the thing signified , but the quality of the thing : Hereby the proper name of any man well known , being repeated , signifies the nature and permanent quality of the man , whose name it is . Est Ploce : Corydon , Corydon est tempore ab illo . Hic consul est vere consul . Talis mater erat si modo mater erat . Tot homines adfuerant , si modo homines fuerunt . English Examples of Ploce . Josephus speaking of our Saviour , saith . There was a man called Jesus , if it be lawful to call him a man. Bread is bread indeed to a hungry , stomach . In that great victory Caesar was Caesar , ( i e , ) a serene Conq●e●er . What man is there living , but will pitty such a case , if he be a man ? the last word ( m●n ) imports that humanity or compassion proper to mans nature . Physician heal thy self , if thou art a Physitian , ( i. e. ) if thou hast the skill and science of Physick . Scriptural . Gen. 27.36 . Esau speaking of his brother Jacob , saith , Is he not rightly called Jacob ? for he hath supplanted me these two times . POLYPTOTON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , variatio casuum , aut multos casus habens , variation of cases , a small change of the termination or case : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ poly ] varie , variously , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ptoton ] cadens , falling out , which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ptoo ] cado , to fall . Polyptoton is a repetition of words of the same lineage , that differ only in termination , and it is made by changing ( 1 ) the Mood , ( 2 ) the Tense , ( 3 ) the Person , ( 4 ) the Case , ( 5 ) the Degree , ( 6 ) the Gender , ( 7 ) the Number , ( 8 ) the part of Speech . It is a kinde of Gradation , for it is continued by its degrees in words unlike , as an Anadiplisis is in like words : A figure when several cases of the same noun , and tenses of the same verb , are used in conjoyned clauses ; Eslo Polyptoton , vario si dictio casu Consonet : arma armis , pede pes , densusque viro vir . Ense minax ensis , pede pes , & cuspide cuspis . Cedere jussit aquam jussa recessit aqua . Labor labori laborem adfert . Quid facies facies Veneris cum veneris antè ? Ne sedeas , sedeas : ne pereas per eas . English Examples . He 's faulty using of our faults . Exceedingly exceeding . Sometimes the same word in several cases , as , for fear , concealed his fear . Sometimes the same Adjective in several comparisons . Much may be said in my defence , much more for love , and most of all for that incomparable creature , who hath joyned , me and love together . Scriptural Examples of Polyptoton . Gen. 50 24. The Lord when he visiteth in visiting will visit you . Rom. 11.36 . For of him , and through him , and to him are all things &c. Eccles. 12.8 . Vanity of Vanities , all is vanity . Gal. 2.19 . For I through the Law am dead to the Law , &c. Dan. 2.37 . Thou O king art a King of Kings , &c. John 3.13 . No man hath ascended up to heaven , but he that came down from heaven , even the Son of man which is in heaven . 1 John 1.1 . 1. Cor. 9.22 . 1 Joh 3.7 . He that doth righteousness , is righteous as he is righteous . See 2 Tim. 3.13 . Heb. 6 14 Joh. 17.25 . Isa , 24.16 . Hos. 10.1 . Micah 2.4 , &c. Isa. 19.2 . HHPOTYPOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Representatio , Representation is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ hypotypoo ] repraesento per figuram d monstro , to represent , or by figure to deaneate , or draw the lively effigies of a thing . Hypotyposis is a representing of a thing unto the eye of the understanding , so that it may seem rather to be felt or enjoyed then spoken of and expressed . A figure when a whole matter is expressed so particularly , and in order , th●t it seems to be represented unto ocular inspection ; or when the whole image and propo●tion of things is as it were painted out in words . Res , loca , personas , a affectus : b tempora , gesta , Exprimit , atque oculis quasi subjicit c Hypotyposis . Convivii luxuriosi Descrip●io . Videbar videre alios intrantes , alios vero exeuntes ; qu●sdam ex vino vacillantes , quosdamb sternâ potatione oscitantes : versaturinter h●s Gallus , unguentis oblitus ; redimitus coronis : humus erat immunad , lutulenta vino , coronis languidulis , & spinis co●perta piscium . Quid plus videret , qui intrasset ? English Examples of Hypotyposis . There were hills which garnished their proud heights with trees , humble valleys whose low estate seem'd comforted with refreshing of silver rivers ; medows enamel'd with all sorts of eye-pleasing flowers ; thickets , which being lined with most pleasant shade , were witnessed so to by the chearful disposition of many well tun'd birds ; each pasture stored with sheep feeding with sober security , while the pretty lambs , with bleating oratory , craved the dams comfort ; Here a shepherds boy piping , as though he should never be old , there a young shepherdess knitting , and withal finging , and her hands kept time with her voices musick . A shew as it were of an accompaniable solitariness , and of a civil wildness . It is a place which now humbling it self in fallowed plains , now proud in well husbanded hills , marries barren woods to cultivated valleys , and joyns neat gardens to delicious fountains , &c. Scriptural Examples . Thus Apostasie and Rebellion is elegantly deciphered and characterized in Isa. 5.6 . The whole head is sick , and the whole heart faint : from the sole of the foot even unto the head , there is no soundness in it ; but wounds , and bruises , and putrifying sores , &c. Another of Famine . Lam. 4.8 , 9 , 10. They were more ruddy in body then rubies , &c. their visage is blacker then a coal : they are not known in the streets : their skin cleaveth to their bones : it is withered , it is become like a stick . See Isa. 1.7 , 8 , 34. whole chap. and Jer. 4.19 , 20 , &c. Col. 2.14 , 15. PARADIASTOLE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Distinctio . Distinction , noting of difference , or a separating or disagreeing ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ paradiastello ] disjungo , distinguo , to disjoyn , or distinguish . Paradiastole is a dilating or enlarging of a matter by interpretation . A figure when we grant one thing that we may deny another , and tends to the dispersing of clowds , and removing of scruples in former speeches ; and to the distinguishing of like or semblable things , to which end the contrary unto the thing spoken of is sometimes added for illustrations sake . Explicat oppositum addens a Paradiastole : obumbrat . Virtutem fortuna ; tamen non obruit illam . Fit magna mutatio loci , non ingonii . Virtus premi , opprimi non potest . Vir bonus oppugnari potest pecuniâ , non expugnari . Non enim furem , sed ereptorem : non adulterum , sed expugnatorem pudicitiae : non sacriegum , sed &c. Sometimes we confess that which will not prejudice us ; and this is called Paromologia , confestion : as , I grant that they are resolute , bu● it is in matters tending immediately to their own undoing . Miseros etsi inimicos fovi , fateor , habetis ergo confitentem , non reum . English Examples of Paradiastole . Truth may be blamed , but not shamed , &c. Being charged that in a former speech you have brought very light reasons : you may answer ; If by [ light ] you mean clear ; I am glad you see them ; If by [ light ] you mean of no weight , I am sorry you do not f●el them , &c. This figure Paradiastole is by some learned Rhetoricians called a faulty term of speech , opposing the truth by false terms and wrong names ; as , In calling drunkennesse good fellowship ; ins●tiable avarice good husbandry ; crast and deceit , wisdom and policie , &c. Scriptural Examples . 2 Cor. 4.8 , 9. We are troubled on every side , yet not distressed ; we are perplexed , but not in despair ; persecuted , but not forsaken ; cast down but not destroyed . 1 Co● . 7.10 . And into ●he maryed I command , yet not I , but the Lord. &c. 1 Cor. 4.19 . And will know , not the speech of them that are puffed up , but the power . ANTIMET ABOLE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Commutatio , Inversio , a changing of word , by contraries , or a turning of the words in a sentence upside down ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anti ] against , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ metaballo ] inverto , to invert , or turn upside down . Antimetabole is a sentence inverst , or turn'd back , or it is a form of speech which inverts a sentence by the contrary , and is used frequently to confute by such Inversion . A figure when words in the same sentence are repeated in a divers case or person . Opposita Antimetabole mutat dicta : Poema Est pictura loquens ; mutum pictura a poema . In dom●natu servitus , in servitute dominatus . Vere dici potest Magistratum esse legem loquentem , legem autem mutum Magistratum . Vt nov●rum optima erunt maxime vetera , ita veterum maxime nova . Inter viros foemina , inter foeminas vir . English Examples of Antimetabole . Of Eloquent men Crassus is counted the most learned Lawyer ; and of Lawyer , Scaevola most eloquent . Sees● not thou these Trophies erected in his honor , and his honor shining in these Trophies ? If any for love of honour , or honour of love , &c. That as you are the child of a mother ; so you may be the mother of a childe . They misliked what themselves did ; and yet still did what themselves misliked . If before he languished , because he could not obtain his desiring ; he now lamented , because he could not desire the obtaining . Just to exercise his might , mighty to exercise his justice . Scriptural Examples . 2 Cor. 12.14 . The children ought not to lay up for the parents , but the parents for the children . Joh. 15.16 . Ye have not chosen me , but I have chosen you , &c. Rom. 7.19 . The good that I would , I do not ; but the evill that I would not , that do I. 1 Cor. 11.8 , 9. For the man is not of the woman , but the woman of the man : neither was the man created for the woman , but the woman for the man. Matth. 2.27 . The Sabbath was made for man , not man for the Sabbath . ENANTIOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Contentio , Contention or contrariety : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ enanti●s ] adversus vel oppositus , opposite or contrary . A figure when we speak that by a contrary which we would have to be understood as it were by affirmation . Librat in Antithetis contraria Enantiosis : Alba ligustra cadunt , vaccinia nigra leguntur . Obsequium amicos , veritas odium parit . Neque me poenitet mortales inimicitias , amicitias sempiternas habere . Pro Posthumo . English Examples of Enantiosis . There was strength against nimblenesse , rage against resolution , pride against noblenesse . He is a swaggerer amongst quiet men , but is quiet among swaggerers . Earnest in idle things , idle in matter of earnestnesse . Where there is both Antimetabole for the turning of the sentence back , and contentio respecting the contrariety of things meant thereby . Could not look on , nor would not look off . Neither the one hurt her , nor the other help her . Just without partiality , liberal without profusion , wise without curiosity . Love to a yielding heart is a King , but to a resisting , a Tyrant . This is a sentence with Distinctio & Contentio . Scriptural Examples . Jam. 3.10 , 11. Out of the same mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing : Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter ? Rom. 2.21 , 22. Thou therefore which teachest another , teachest thou not thy self ? Thou that preachest a man should not steal , dost thou steal ? Thou that sayst a man should not commit adultery , dost thou commit adultery ? &c. SYNOICEIOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Conciliatio , Reconciling or agreement , or a joyning together of things that differ : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ synoikeioo ] familiarem reddo , to render familiar . A figure which teacheth to conjoyn divers things , or contraries , or to reconcile things that differ , and to repugn common opiniowith reason ; and is , when contraries are attributed to the same thing . Synoeceiosis duo dat contraria eidem : Tam quod adest , de sit , quam quod non adsit avaro . Aeque adest moderat oni id quo fruitur , ac quo non fruitur . English Examples . The covetous and the prodigal are both alike in fault , for neither of them knows to use their wealth aright ; they both abuse it , and both get shame by it . Gluttonous feasting and starving famine are both as one , for both weaken the body , procure sicknesse and cause death . The covetous man wants as well what he hath as what he hath not . A dissembler studies to over-teach as well them that trust him , as them that trust him not . Scriptural Examples of Synoeceiosis . Prov. 11.24 . There is that scattereth , and yet increaseth ; and there is that with-holdeth more then is meet , but intendeth to poverty . Rom. 14.5 . One m●n esteemeth one day above another : another esteemeth every day alike : let every man be fully perswaded in his own minde . Psal. 139.12 . Yea , the darknesse hideth not from thee , but the night sh●neth as the day : the darknesse and the light are b●th alike to thee . Job 21.23 , &c. One dieth in his full strength , being wholly at ease and quiet : his breasts are full of milk , and his bones are moistened with marrow ; and another dyeth in the bitterness of his soul , and never eateth with pleasure : they shall lie down alike in the dust , and the worms shall cover them . Eccles. 9.2 . All things come alike to all ; there is one event to the righteous and to the wicked to the good and to cléan , and to the unclean ; to him that sacrificeth , and to him that sacrificeth not , &c. OXYMORON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Acute fatuum aut stulte ●cutum , subtil●y fool●sh ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ oxy ] acumen . sharpnesse of wit , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ mores ] stultus , a fool . It is a sentence delivered with such affectation of wit and gravity as renders it ridiculous . A figure when the same thing is denyed of it self , or when a contrary Epithet is added to any word . By this figure contraries are acutely and discreetly reconciled or joyned together , whence it comes to pass that at first sight that seems to be spoken foolishly , which afterwards is acknowledged to have been hidden under a notable and excellent witinesse . Oxymoron iners erit ars , concordia discors . Strenua nos exercet inertia . Avara luxuries . Id aliquid nihil est . Vivum cadaver . Innumeri numeri . Cum taceut , clamant . Si tacent , satis dicunt . Sapiens stultus qui sapere sibi egregie videtur . Cum ratione insanit . Vita minime vitalis . Nunquam se minus otiosum esse , quam cum otiosus ; nec minus solum , quam cum solus esset . English Examples of Oxymoron . If they are silent they say enough . That something is nothing . A man and no man , seeing and not seeing , in the light and not in the light , with a stone and no stone , struck a bird and no bird , sitting and not sitting , upon a tree and no tree . This is spoken of Androgeus the Eunuch , who being purblinde , struck a bat in the twilight with a pumice stone sitting upon a Mustard-tree . A wanton modesty . Froud humility . Knowing ignorance . A numberlesse number . Scriptural Examples . Job 22.6 . Thou hast stripped the naked of their cloathing : He that is naked cannot be stripp'd or spoyled of his clothes ; but the word naked , here signifies male vestitum , ill or poorly clad , &c. Jer. 22.19 . He shall be buried with the burial of an Ass , drawn and cast forth , &c. ( i.e. ) he shall have no burial . 1 Tim. 5.6 . But she that liveth in pleasure is dead while she liveth . See Act. 5.41 , &c. Isa. 58.10 . AETIOLOGIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Causae redditio , a shewing of a reason , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ aitiologeo ] rationem reddo , to render a reason . Aetiologia is a figure or form of speech , whereby the Orator or speaker joyneth reason or cause to a proposition or sentence uttered , as an authentick seal thereunto . Propositi reddit causas Aetiologia . Sperne voluptates : nocet empta dolore voluptas . Intelligo quam difficili scopulosoque verser loco . Nam cum omnis arrogantia sit molesta ; tum illa ingenii atque eloquentia , molestissima . Divin . in Ver. English Examples . There are no wil●●s more privy then those which are vailed over with the dissimulation of duty , and the custome of familiar acquaintance ; for thou maist easily by taking heed shun an open enemy : but this hidden , inward and famili●r evill ▪ doth not only appear , but also oppresse , before thou shalt be able to foresee and espie it . Look what wit or eloquence I have , Judges , Archias may justly challenge it to himself : for he was the first and principal , that caused me to follow these manner of studies . In vain it is to water the plant , the root being perished . H●ppy in wanting of little , because not desirous of much . The errors in his nature were excused , by reason of the greennesse of his youth . His heart being dissolv'd into love , spake in thoughts , as not having language enough to expresse his affection . Scriptural Examples of Aetiologia . Amos 1.11 . Thus saith the Lord , For three transgressions of Edom , and for four I will not spare him : because he did pursue his brother with the sword , and did cast off all pitty , and his anger did tear perpetually , and kept his wrath for ever . Psal. 18 , 19. He brought me forth into a large place : he delivered me , because he delighted in me . Rom. 1.20 , 21. So that they are without excuse ; because that when they knew God , they glorified him not as God , neither were thankful , &c. See in Rom. 3.20 . & 4 14 , 15. &c. 15 , 6.10 , 11. Prov , 16.26 . & 25.13 . INVERSIO , by the Greeks called Antistrophe , a turning upside down , derived from verto , to turn or change , and in , against . Inversion is a figure , whereby the Orator or speaker reasons , or brings in a thing for himself , which was reported or alleadged against him . Arguit allatam rem contra Inversio pro se : Imo equidem ; neque enim si ●ccidissem , sepelissem . Romulo in coena parcius bibenti , dixit quidam ; Romule , si istuc omnes faciant , vinum vilius sit : is respondit ; imo vero carum , si quantum quisque volet , bibat : nam ego bi●i quantum volui . In English thus , Romulus drinking sparingly , at supper one said unto him ; if all men did so , wine would be cheaper than it is : to whom Romulus answered , yea , but it would be rather dearer , if every one drunk as much as he would ; for I have drunk as much as I desire . This figure is of near affinity unto Metastasis , Mutation , which ancient Rhetoricians called a form of speech , whereby we turn back those things that are objected against us , to them which laid them to us . Thus when Anthony charged Cicero , that he was the cause of civil war raised between Pompeius and Caesar , Cicero rebounded the same accusation again to Antony , saying : Thou Marcus Antony , thou I say gavest to Caesar ( willing to turn all upside down ) cause to make war against thy countrey . Scriptural Examples . Matth. 15.26 , 27. And he answered , and said , It is not good to take the childrens bread , and to cast it to dogs ; But she said , Truth Lord : yet indeed the dogs eat of the crumbs , which fall from their Masters Table : Then Jesus answered and said unto her , Oh woman , great is thy faith , &c. 1 King. 18.17 , 18. Thus , when Ahab charged Elijah , that it was he that troubled all Israel ; Nay saith Elijah , it is not I that trouble Israel , but thou and thy fathers house , in that ye have forsaken the Commandments of the Lord , and thou hast followed Balaam , &c. PROLEPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Occupatio , Anticipatio , Occupation or the prevention of an Objection , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pro ] prae , before , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ lambano ] capio , accipio , to take or receive ; from whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ lepsis ] acceptio , a taking : or it is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ prolambano ] anticipo , to prevent . * Anticipation , or the prevention of an objection is a figure or form of speech , whereby the Orator or Speaker perceiving aforehand what might be objected against him , and hurt him as to what he is about to deliver , doth confute it , before it be spoken ; or when we prevent any objection , by framing an answer ; or when we bring an objection and yield an answer thereunto : This figure hath Hypophora and Anthypophora necessarily relerting unto it . Hypophora , signifies an Objection ; it propounds an objection , and is when the speaker makes answer unto own demand ; As , Isa. 37.23 . Whom hast thou reproached , and blasphemed ? And against whom hast thou exalted thy voyce , and lifted up thine eyes on high ? even against the holy one of Israel . Rom. 6.1 , 2. Shall we continue in sin , that grace may abound ? God forbid . Anthypophora signifies a contrary illation or inferenee , and is when an objection is refuted or disproved by the opposition of a contrary sentence : as , Matth. 21.23 , 24 , 25. The chief Priests and the Elders of the people came unto Christ , as he was teaching and said , By what authority dost thou these things ? And Jesus answered and said unto them , I also will ask you one thing , which if ye tell me , I in like wise will tell you by what authority I do those things : The Baptism of John , whence was it ? from heaven , or men ? &c. And they reasoned with themselvs , saying , If we shall say from heaven , he will say unto us , Why did ye not then believe him ? but if we shall say of men , we fear the people , &c. Anticipans , quae quis valet objecisse , Prolepsis Diluit : Hic aliquis mihi dicat : cur ego amicum Offendam in nugis ? hae nugae seria ducent In mala , derisum semel exceptumque sinistre . Dicet aliquis ; Haec igitur est tua disciplina ? sic tu instituis ▪ adolescentulos , &c. Prosapodosis respensio : Ego si quis , judices , hoc rob ore animi atque hac indole virtutis , &c. English Examples of Anticipation . Did I walk abroad to see my delight ? my walking was the delight it self . He saw her alive ; he was glad to see her alive . He saw her weep : he was sorry to see her weep . He heard her comfortable speeches : nothing more joyful . Scriptural Examples . Rom. 9.19 , 20. Thou wilt say then unto me , Why doth he yet find fault ? who hath resisted his will ? nay but , oh man , who are thou ? &c. Rom. 6.15 . What then ? shall we sin because we are not under the Law , but under grace ? where you have the objection : The answer whereunto is in these words , God forbid . 1 Cor. 15.35 . Some man will say , How are the dead raised up ? and with what bodies shall they come ? Thou fool , that which thou sowest is not quickned except it dye , &c. This must be noted , that the objection is many times wanting , which must be wisely supplyed by considering the occasion and the answer of it : as , 1 Tim. 5.11 , 12. They will marry , having condemnation ; Now , least any might , What , for marrying ? The Apostle answers here , No , for denying their first faith . Prov. 3.9 . Honor the Lo●d with thy substance , &c. Object . So I may begger my self . But this objection is prevented in the words of the next verse ; so shall thy barns be filled with plenty , &c. See the like in Matth. 6.33 , &c. see Isa. 49.14 , 15. Matth. 3.9 , &c. But Prolepsis is also a figure of Construction , and then it is defined a certain summary pronunciation of things ; and it is made when the Congregation , or the whole doth aptly agree with the Verb , or Adjective , and then the parts of the whole are reduced to the same Verb or Adjective , wherewith notwithstanding they agree not . Post totum partes capiet generale Prolepsis : Procedunt castris hinc Acron , inde Quirinus : Alterum in alterius mactatos sauguine cernam . Duae aquilae volaverunt ; haec ab oriente , illa ab occidente . — Lavinaque littora venit . * EPITROPE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Permissio , permission , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epitrepo ] permitto , concedo , to permit or grant . It is the suffering of a deed : A figure when we either seriously or Ironically permit a thing , and yet object the inconveniency : this Ironical permission imports as much as an earnest prohibition , though the words are otherwise . Plane aut dissimulans permittit Epitrope factum . 1. Permissio seria ; ut , Tribuo Graecis literas , do multarum artium disciplinam , non adimo sermonis leporem , ingeniorum acumen , dicendi copiam : deniq : etiam , si qua sibi alia sumunt , non repugno : testimoniorum religionem et fidem nunquam ista Natio coluit . 2. Permissio Ironica ; an Ironical permission is then , when it only seems to be a Permission , which yet on the contrary is rather the highest Prohibition : — neque te teneo , neque dicta refello . I , sequere Italiam ventis : pete regna per undas . I , fuge , sed poteris tuti or esse domi . Sit sur , sit sacrilegus , sit flagitiorum omnium vitiorumque Princeps ; at est bonus Imperator et faelix . English Examples of Epitrope . Simo in Terence seems by his words very willing to permit his son to intermarry with Glycerie , when in very deed he with all diligence endeavours to withdraw him from her . Yes saith he , let him take her , I wish him good of her , let him go dwell and keep house with her . Go , flie , but you may be safer at home . Scriptural Examples . Eccles. 11.9 , Rejoyce oh young man , and let thy heart chear thee , &c. and walk in the wayes of thy heart , &c. Rom. 2.17 . Behold thou art called a Jew , and restest in the Law , and makest thy boast of God , &c. Rev. 22.11 . He that is filthy , let him be filthy still . Prov. 6.10 . Sleep a little , slumber a little , and fold thy hands together to sleep a little ▪ but in the next verse you have the meaning most manifestly laid open , &c. See 1 Cor. 14.38 . Judg. 10.14 . Rom. 9.4.5 . Gal. 4.14 , 15. Prov. 6.32 . 1 King. 22.15 . Isa. 29.1 . Jer. 2.28 . Amos 4.4 , 5. INCREMENTVN , an increasing or waxing bigger : It is a form of speech which by degrees ascends to the top of something , or rather above the top , that is , when we make our speech grow and increase by an orderly placing of words , making the latter word alwaies excèed the former in the force of signification , contrary to the natural order of things , which ever puts the worthiest and weightiest words first , but this placeth them alwaies last . This figure may aptly be compared to fire , the property whereof is alwayes to ascend as high as matter can carry it . * A figure when a speech ascends by degrees from the lowest to the highest , where the latter words are alwayes the more great and vehement , by which the speech doth gradually as it were increase and wax great . Ad summum ex imo gradibus venit Incrementum ; Non plebs prava jubens ; solida nec mente , tyranni Vis fera dimoveat justum ; non turbidus Auster , Fulminei non dextra Jovis ; non , si ruat orbis . Facinus est vincire civem Romanum , scelus verberare , prope patricidium necare : quid dicam in crucem tollere ? English Examples of Incrementum . O my Parmeno , the beginner , the enterprizer , performer and accomplisher of all my pleasures . Neither silver , gold , nor precious stones may be compared to her vertues . He was carelesse of doing well , a looseness of youth ; he was inclined to do ill , a weaknesse of youth ; his mind consented to offend , a shrewd temptation , he committed the act , an unhappy fault ; he accustomed himself to abuse , a sad imployment ; yet he did not this alone , but infected others with his perswasion , and seduced them by his example : and not that only , but detained those he had drawn in , with fresh inventions , and disgraced the modesty of such as resisted his corruptions , with scorns and derisions , which could argue no lesse in him than a most pernicious and detestable resolution . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 1.1 . Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly , nor standeth in the way of sinners , nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful . Where the first degree is of ungodly men , the second of sinners who wickedly contrive in their hearts the accomplishment of their pernicious enterprizes ; the third of scorners , who glory in their wickednesse and scoffe at reproof . See more examples in Psal. 2.2 , 3. Isa. 1.4 . Psal. 7.6 . Psal. 18.38 , 39. Ezek. 2.6 . Dan. 9.5 . Hab. 1.5 . Zech. 7.11 , 12. 1 Cor 4.8 . 1 Joh. 1.1 , &c. As there are in the precedent examples gradual ascensions from the lowest to the highest , called Incrementum , but by the Greeks Anabasis , Ascensus ; So on the contrary are there Descensions from the highest to the lowest , called Catabasis Descensus : as , In the names of metals , Ezek. 22.18 . Son of man , the house of Israel is unto me as dross : all they are brasse and tin , and iron , and lead in the midst of the furnace : they are even the drosse of silver . Phil. 2.6 , 7 , 8. Who being in the form of God , thought it no robbery to be equal with God : but he made himself of no reputation , and took on him the form of a servant , and was made like unto men , and was found in shape as a man ; he humbled himself , and became obedient unto the death , even the death of the Crosse. EROTESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Interrogatio , Interrogation , or questioning , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ erotao ] interrogo , to question . It is but a warm proposition ; yet it oftentimes doth better than a bare affirmation , * which were but too easie and livelesse a speech ; it is easie and gentile to sharpen the flats of affirmation and down-right relations : A figure whereby we either ( 1 ) demand a question , ( 2 ) earnestly affirm ; or ( 3 ) vehemently deny a thing . Note that an affi●mative Interrogation is a vehement denying ; and a negative , a vehement affirming : and a negative interrogation sometimes vehemently commands , and an affirmative interrogation in like manner forbids . Quaerit * Erotesis , poterat quod dicere recte . Et procul , ò miseri , quae tanta insania , cives ? Creditis avectos hostes ? aut ulla putatis Dona carere dolis Danaum ? sic notus Vlysses ? 1. When we demand a question ; as , Cujum pecus ? an Meliboei ? 2. When we earnestly affirm ; as , Quousque tandem , Catilina , abutere patientiâ nostra ? When we vehemently deny ; as , Aeneid . 1. Et quisquam numen Junonis adoret ? & Eclog. 3. An mihi cantando victus non redderet ille ? Item pro Balbo . A negative Interrogation commands with a chiding or threatning ; and an affirmative Interrogation in like manner forbids : as , Aen. 4. Non arma expedient , totaque ex urbe sequentur ? English Examples of Erotesis . The credit of behaviour , is to cover imperfection , and set forth your good parts better : now for that , this is too flat and lively a speech , aptly to expresse the affection of the mind ; expresse it by Interrogation thus ; Is it not the chiefest credit of behaviour to set forth your good parts fairly and clearly , and to cover imperfection ? Did the Sun ever bring fruitful Harvest , but was more hot than pleasant ? Have you any fathers that be not sometimes froward ? Have you any of your children that be not sometimes cumbersome ? Shall we therefore curse the Sun ? disobey our fathers ? and hate our children ? Scriptural Examples . There are in Scripture nine kinds of questions ( inter alia ) . 1. Sometimes a question is asked with desire only to receive an answer : as , The Mariners of Jonas . Jonas 1.8 . Tell us ( say they ) for whose cause is this evill come upon us ? what is thine occupation ? and whence comest thou ? Such a question you may finde the wise men made touching Christ , in Matth. 2.2 . 2. Interrogations in Scripture are sometimes emphatical and strong affirmations : as , Gen. 4.7 . If thou doe well , shalt thou not be accepted ? ( i. e. ) thou a●d thy Sacrifice shall both certainly be accepted , &c. Josh. 1.9 . Have not I commanded thee ? &c. I have without all question assuredly commanded thee , &c. See more examples in Gen. 13.9.37.13 . 2 Sam. 13.28 . 2 King. 6.32 . Joh. 4.35 . Mar. 12.24 . Jer. 23.23 , 24 , &c. 2 King. 12.19 . 3. Interrogations also are sometimes strong and vehement negations : as , Psal. 19.12 . Who can understand his errors ? ( i. e. ) no man can understand the depth of them . Gen. 18.14 . Is any thing too hard for God ? Job 8.3 , 11. Doth God prevert judgement ? or doth the Almighty pervert justice ? Can the rush grow up without mire ? Can the flag grow without water ? &c. See Matth. 12.26 . Rom. 3.3 , 10 , 14 , 15. & 8.35 . 4. Interrogations sometimes diminish and abate the sense : as , Zech. 4.7 . Who art thou , O great Mountain ? before Zerubbabel thou shalt be a plain , &c. ( i. e ) Thou lookest very big and great , but who art thou ? I will tell thee , oh proud oppressor of my people , though in thy own conceit thou art a Mountain immoveable , yet in my peoples eyes thou art but a Mole-hill , and shall shortly be made a nothing , even as a plain before them . Thus in 2 Sam. 7.18 . David when he would abase himself , cryes out ; Who am I , O Lord God ? and what is my house that thou hast brought me hitherto ? 5. Interrogations sometimes raise and heighten the sense by way of admiration : as , Psal. 8.9 . O Lord our Lord , how excellent is thy name in all the world ? Exod. 15.11 . Who is a God like unto thee ? &c. ( i. e. ) Let all the world ( if they can ) shew such a God as thou art . See Mark 7.18 . Who is a God like unto thee , that pardoneth iniquity , and passeth by the transgression of the remnant of his heritage ? &c. The question here puts the brightest glory upon God in pardoning sin ; There is no sin-pardoning God , but our God only . 6. Interrogations are sometimes expostulatory and complain : as , Job 3.11 , 12. Why dyed I not from the womb ? why did I not give up the ghost when I came out of the belly ? Why did the knees prevent me ? or why the breasts that I should suck ? Psal. 22.1 . My God , my God , why hast thou forsaken me ? &c. Jer. 12.1 . Wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper ? so in Isa. 1.21 . &c. 7. You find in the Scripture doubting questions : as , Psal. 77.7 , 8. Will the Lord cast off for ever ? and will he be favourable no more ? Is his mercy clean gone for ever ? &c. 8. You may also finde teaching questions : as , Isa. 60.8 . Who are these that flie as a clowd , and as the Doves to their windows ? This teaches us the multitude of those that shall ( when the Angels shall be sent out of the Temple to preach the everlasting Gospel ) flock in unto Christ. 9. You may also finde learning questions : as , Acts 2.37 . Men and Brethren , what shall we doe to be saved ? &c. ECPHONESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Exclamatio , Exclamation , or a crying out : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ecphoneo ] exclamo , to cry out . Ecphonesis is a pathetical figure , whereby as the Orator or speaker expresses the vehement affection and passion of his own mind , so he also excites and stirs up the minds and affections of those to whom he speaks . It is exprest or understood by an Adverb of crying out , as , Oh , alas , behold ; which are the signs of this figure . Concitat Ecphonesis & Exclamatio mentem . Heu pietas ! ô spes falsas ! proh vana voluptas ! O clementiam admirabilem ! O scelus ! ô pestis ô labes ! ò libidinem effraenatam atque indomitam ! O utinam tunc cum Lacedaemona classe petîsset , Obrutus insanis esset adulter aquis ! English Examples . Thus Pyrocles seeing the milde Philoclea innocently beheaded , bursts forth into this exclamation ; O Tyrant heaven , and Traytor earth , how is this done ? How is this suffered ? Hath this world a government ? Alas what delights and how great enjoyments hath one day deprived thee of ! Ah poor confidence ! oh glorious triumphs over unarmed captives ! Oh admirable clemency and mercy ! Oh most wicked presumption , from whence art thou sprung up to cover the earth with falshood and deceit ! Scriptural Examples of Ecphonesis . This figure is made in Scripture these ten wayes , viz. 1. In way of Admiration : as , Rom. 11.33 . Oh the depths of the riches both of the wisdome and knowledge of God! &c. Psal. 8.1 . O Lord , how excellent is thy Name ! 144.15 . O happy people that are in such a case ! &c. 2. In way of Indignation● , as Acts 13.10 . O full of all subtilty and mischief , thou childe of the devil , thou enemy of all righteousnesse ! &c. 3. In way of Detestation and abhorrencie : as , Rom. 7.24 . O wretched man that I am , who shall deliver me from the body of this death ! Jer. 44.4 . O doe not this abominable thing that I hate , &c. 4. In the way of entreaty or wishing : as , Psal. 14.17 , O that the salvation of Israel were come out of Sion ! Isa. 64.1 . O that thou wouldst rent the heavens ! &c. see 1 Chron. 11.17 . Job 6.8 . O that I might have my request ! and that God would grant me the thing I long for ! Psal. 55.6 . O that I had the wings of a Dove , that I might flie and be at rest ! See Gen. 17.18 . Deut. 5.29 . 5. In way of Commiseration and Lamentation : as , Luke 13.34 . O Jerusalem , Jerusalem , which killest the Prophets , &c. how often would I have gathered thy children together , &c. Lam. 1.1 . How is the golden City spoiled ! how doth the City sit solitary , that was full of people ? &c. how is she become as a widow ? 6. In way of Reprehension : as , Gal. 3.1 . O foolish Galatians , who hath bewitched you , &c. See in Acts 7.51 , 52 , &c. 7. In way of Derision : as , Mark 15.29 . And they that passed by ( our Saviour ) rayled on him , wagging their heads , and saying ; Ah thou that destroyest the Temple and buildest it in three dayes ! 8. In way of Love : as , Psal. 84.1 . O how amiable are thy Tabernacles , thou Lord of Hosts ! 9. In way of exultation and triumph : as , 1 Cor. 15.55 . Oh death , where is thy sting , oh grave , where is thy victory ? 10. In way of Fear : as , 1 Tim. 6.11 . But thou O man of God , flee these things : and follow after righteousnesse , &c. EPIPHONEMA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Acclamatio , Acclamation , or a shooting out of the voyce : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epiphoneo ] acclamo , to cry out or shoot forth the voice . * It is an applause of a thing approved , or a sententio●s ●lause of a discourse , and serves for Amplification , when , after a great crime , or desert , exclaimed upon or extolled , it gives a moral note , worthy of credit and observation . Acclamation is a figure , when after a thing is done or declared , a clause or pa●t of a sentence is added , briefly purporting some Emphasis , and the speakers censure of the thing so done or declared . Narratae subit & rei Epiphonema probatae . Acclamation is brought in with these words , viz. Sic ita , adeo ut , quippe , tantus , quantus , talis , qualis , ecce , videamus ergo , &c. ut , Tant molis erat Romanam condere gentem . Quam ut adipiscantur , omnes optant : eandem accusant adepti — Tanta est stultitia et perversitas . Cic. de Senect . Tantum religio potuit suadere malorum . Lucr. 1. Adeo à te teneris assuescere multum est . Jam indicant tot hominum fletus , quam sis charus tuis , adeo ut omnes videant , quam misere insaniunt , qui opes virtuti praeferunt . English Examples of Acclamation . Thus after the relation of Scipio Affricanus's course , who having been Generalissimo of the greatest Armies in the world ; having for a long time had Kings s●itors for his favour , and to the day of his death , Nations kept in aw of 〈◊〉 name ; yet in 56 years neither bought nor sold goods nor lands , nor built any house or Castle of his own , left not above 46 l. in gold , and 6 l. in silver behind him at his death . It may be folded up in this Acclamation ; So little need hath he to stoop to private cares , that thrives upon publique victories ; and so small leisure has he to be desirous of riches , that hath been so long possest and satisfied with honour , which our Ancestors reputed the immortal end of mortal actions . So inconstant is the favour of Princes . Thus dangerous is the satisfaction of a sensual appetite . So hard is it to escape the force of temptations . So weighty a matter it was to set up the Roman Nation . Scriptural Examples of Acclamation . Thus in Matth. 22. in the beginning of the Chapter , after the relation of the Parable of the Kings sons marriage , and of the man , who ( for that he had nor on a wedding garment ) was cast into outer darkness , &c. you finde this acclamation elegantly added at the end of that discourse : as , In the 14 verse , For many are called , but few are chosen . So the Psalmograph having in the former part of the 2. Psalm spoken of the terrors of Gods indignation when his wrath is kindled against his Adversaries , we find this acclamation , In the last verse ; Blessed are all they that put their trust in him . Thus also he having in the 72. Psalm highly set forth the glorious excellency of the name of God ; shuts up his praise with this Acclamation , In the last verse ; Blessed be his glorious name for ever , and let the whole earth be filled with his glory . Luk. 10.30 . see Act. 19 , 20. Matth. 19.27 . Mark. 7.37 . EPANORTHOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Correctio , emendatio , Correction or amending ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epanortho● ] Corrigo , to correct or amend . * Correction having used a word of sufficient force , yet pretending a greater strength of meaning , refuses it , and supplyes the place with one of more extension . It is the reinforcement of the clause last uttered by the subsequent . A figure when in our speech , something that went before , is called back and corrected ; whereof there are two kinds ; the one is when a word is corrected after ; the other , when a word is corrected before it is spoken . This Exornation is made four ways , viz. 1. By degrees of comparison . 2. By comparison of the greater and lesser . 3. By doubting . 4. By the signs of repenting . Est Epanorthosis positi correctio sensus : O Clementia , seu potiûs patientia mira ! Dixi , filium habeo ; ah quid dixi ? habere me ? imo habui Chreme ! nunc habeam necne , incertum est . Facti quasi poenitentia : Sed quid ego ità gravem personam induxi ? English Examples of Epanorthosis . Joseph was amongst his brethren , did I say brethren ? nay Tyger-like Monsters . I perswade you not to let slip occasion , whilst it may not only be taken , but offers , nay sues t● be taken . For this thy shameful and accursed fact , what shall I call thee ? a wretch ? nay a beast ; nay a poysonous Serpent ; yet none of these are fit enough for thee , a devill thou art both in respect of thy malice which thou possessest , and o● the sundry mischiefs thou daily dost commit . Cicero against Verres . We have here bought before you Judges , not a thief , but a violent robber ; not an Adulterer , but a breaker of all Chastity , &c. I have in your service spent not my time only , but my strength and estate . Scriptural Examples . Gal 4.9 . But now after that you have known God , or rather are known of God , &c. Thus in Act. 25.27 . Paul corrects his doubtfulnesse of Agrippa's belief , where he saith , Believest thou King Agrippa ? I know thou believest . 1 Cor. 15.10 . I laboured more abundantly then they all , yet not I , but the grace of God in me . See more examples in Rom. 8.34 . Isa. 49.15 . Gal. 2.20 . Luk. 11.27 , 28 , &c. When the word is corrected before it be spoken : as , 2 Cor. 3.3 . Forasmuch as ye are manifestly declared to be the Epistle of Christ , ministred by us , written not with ink , but with the Spirit of the living God ; not in Tables of stone , but in the fleshy Tables of the heart . APOSIOPESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 reticentia , a holding ones peace , derived from , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ apo ] post , after ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ siopao ] obticeo , to hold ones peace or be silent . Aposiopesis is a form of speech whereby the speaker through some affection , as either of sorrow , bashfulnesse , fear , anger , or vehemency , breaks off his speech before it be all ended . A figure , when speaking of a thing , we yet seem to conceal it , though indeed by this means we aggravate it ; or , When the course of the sentence begun is so stayed , as thereby some part of the sentence , not being uttered , may be understood . Aposiopesis sensa imperfecta relinquit : Qu●s ego : sed motos praestat componere fluctus . Quem quidem ego si sensero . Sed quid opus est verbis ? De nostrûm enim omnium — non audeo totum dicare . Cic. Ego te furcifer , si vivo . Caetera gestu agit . Nunquid , vos Medici , quid characteres ficti ? quid vocabula ignota ? sed aicere dispudet . English Examples of Aposiopesis . The use hereof is either to stay the vehemency of immoderate affections proceeding to some excesse , or to signifie by a part what the whole means . I let passe your frequent drunkennesse , your wanton company . Much more might be said , but I dare not utter all my minde . How doth the childe Ascanius , whom timely Troy to thee : — breaking off by interruption of sorrow . I might say much more , but modesty commands silence . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 6.3 . My soul is sore vexed , but thou O Lord how long ? ( i. e. ) how long wilt thou delay to send me help ? Luke 19.42 . If thou hadst known , even thou , at least in this day , the things which belong unto thy peace ! ( i. e. ) how happy hadst thou been , if thou hadst known them ! 1 King. 21.7 . Dost thou now govern the Kingdom of Israel ? Arise , Art thou a King ! ( i. e. ) If thou beest a King , thou mayst do what pleases thy self . Arise speedily and be doing . But remember this was the counsel of a Jezebel . Heb. 3.11 . To whom I sware in my wrath , if they enter into my rest ; ( i. e. ) They shall never enter into my rest ; if they come there , let me cease to be God , or let me not be true . See John 12.27 . Psal. 95.11.85.35 . 2 Cor. 12.6 . Hos. 8.1 . Isa. 1.13 . APORIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Addubitatio , Doubting , or a want of counsel or advice ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ aporeo ] animi pendeo , animi dubius sum , & nescio quid mihi sit faciendum ; to be doubtful of minde , or not to know what is best to be said or done : or it is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ aporos ] which signifies as it were not having a way or passage . Aporia is a figure whereby the Speaker sheweth that he doubteth , either where to begin for the multitude of matters , or what to do or say in some strange or ambiguous thing ; and doth as it were argue the case with himself . Consulit addubitans quid agat dicatve Aporia . Quid faciam ? roger , anne rogem ? quid deinde rogabo ? En quid agam ? rursusne procos irrisa priores Experiar ? Nomadumque p●tam connubia supplex ? At length the answer of this doubt follows ; Quin morere , ut merita es , ferreque averte dolorem . Addubitatio sola est , — Heu quae nunc tellus , quae me aequora possunt Excipe●e ? aut quid misero mihi denique restat ? English Examples of Aporia . Whether he took them from his fellows more impudently , gave them to a harlot more lasciously , removed them from the Rom●ne people more wickedly , or altered them more presumptuously , I cannot well declare . What shall I doe ? whither shall I flie ? whom shall I blame ? what shall I pretend ? I know not what to term it , folly or forgetfulnesse , ignorance or wilfulnesse . Scriptural Examples . Phil. 1.22 , 23 , 24. But if I live in the flesh , this is the fruit of my labour : yet what I shall choose , I know not ; for I am in a straight between two , having a desire to depart and to be with Christ , which is farre better : neverthelesse to abide in the flesh is more needful for you , &c. Psal. 139.7 . Whither shall I goe from thy Spirit ? or whither shall I flie from thy presence ? See Rom. 7.24 , 25. Lam. 2.13 . Luke 16.3 , 4. ANACOENOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Communicatio , Communication , or an imparing a thing to another ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ana ] with , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ coinoo ] communico , to communicate unto another . Anacoenosis is a figure whereby we consult with , deliberate , and as it were argue the case with others . This form of speech is elegantly used with such as are ( 1 ) Dead : ( 2 ) with the Judge : ( 3 ) with the Hearers : ( 4 ) with the Opp●nent : ( 5 ) with such as are absent : ( 6 ) with sensitive or inanimate things . English Examples . Were it your case , what would you answer ? Tell me , I appeal to your inmost thoughts . Would you judge him unworthy to be your friend , that began his fidelity with an inviolable Covenant never to be an enemy ? Scriptural Examples of Anacoenosis . Mal. 1.6 . If then I be a father , where is mine honour ? If I be a Master , where is my fear ? &c. Isa. 5.3 , 4. Now therefore , oh Inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah , judge I pray you between me and my Vineyard ; What could I have done any more to my Vineyard that I have not done unto it ? &c. Jer. 23.23 . Am I a God at hand ? am I not also a God a far off ? See Luke 11.19 . 1 Cor. 4.21 . chap. 10.15 , 16. chap. 11.15 , 14. Gal. 4.21.3.12 . &c. PROSOPOPOEIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , fictio personae , the feigning of a person , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ prosopon ] persona , a person , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ poieo ] facio vel fingo , to make or feign . Pr●sopopoeia is the feigning of a person to speak , or the attributing of a person to the inanimate creatures ; as , when we bring in persons that are dead , or the inanimate creatures speaking or hearing , &c. A figurative Exornation , when in our speech what thing soever which is not a person , is Metaphorically brought in and represended as a person ; or when the properties of man are for similitude and agreeablenesse sake attributed unto other things ; whence it is said that this form of speech animates and makes dead men speak ; or it is , When in our speech we feign another person speaking . By this figure God , Angels and men , dead , or alive , the Heavens , Earth , Sea , &c. are brought in speaking , hearing , &c. Personam inducit * Prosopopoeia loquentem : Hósue mihi fructus , hunc fertilitatis honorem Officiique refers ? quod adunci vulnera aratri Rastrorumque fero , totoque exerceor anno . Sic Aeneae Prosopopoeiam Virgilius Aeneid 2. composuit , cum Aeneas sociis cibum vinumque Dividit , & dictis marentia pectora mulcet . O Socii ( neque enim ignari sumus ante malorum ) O passi graviora ! dabit Deus his quoque finem &c. Tandem sic Prosopopoeiam claudit : Talia voce refert . Look that your access to , and retreat from this figure be comely , lest you seem precipitantly to rush in upon it . English Examples of Prosopopoeia . Thus Sir Philip Sidney gives sense and speech to the needle and silk in Pamela's hands , and life , and speech unto Learning , and a Lilly ; yea Death it self is feigned to live and make a speech . Thus , if an Orator having occasion to commend Truth or any vertue unto his hearers , he may after some due praise of it , feign it a person , and bring it in bitterly complaining how cruelly she is oppressed , and how little esteemed ; how many be her enemies , and how few her friends ; how she wandereth hither and thither without entertainment , and remains without habitation , &c. I see my words will not move you , but suppose some of your grave Ancestors should thus speak to you ; Children , can we behold your manners without indignation , being full of pride , effeminatenesse , &c. If your Ancestors were now alive , and saw you abusing your self in mispending your estate by them providently gathered together and conferred upon you , would they not say thus , &c. Scriptural Examples of Prosopopoeia . Josh. 24.27 . Behold this stone shall be a witnesse unto us ; for it hath heard all the words of the Lord which he hath spoken unto us , &c. Judg. 9.8 . Thus Jotham brings in the trees speaking as men : The Olive-tree will not leave his fatnesse , nor the figtree his sweetnesse , nor the vine his wine , to reign over others ; but it is the bramble that affecteth soveraignty and domination , a base , scratching , worthlesse , fruitlesse shrub , good for nothing but to stop gaps and keep out beasts from spoyling the pleasant fields , and afterwards to be burnt . 1 Kings 13.2 . And he cryed against the Altar in the word of the Lord , and said , O Altar , Altar , thus saith the Lord , &c. Psal. 98.8 . Let the floods clap their hands : let the hills rejoyce together . Thus in Isa. 35.1 , 2. the Prophet attributes joy and singing to the Wildernesse , the Solitary place , and the Desert . See Psal. 51.8 . Psal. 103.1 . Psal. 82.1 , 2. Rom. 8.19 , 20. Isa. 1.2 . Thus in Joel 2. from 1. to the 12. ver . you have a most lively Rhetorical Prosopopoeical description of the terrible Army of the Babylonians . Prosopopaeia is two-fold ; Imperfect , or Perfect . 1. An Imperfect Prosopopaeia is when the speech of another is set down lightly and indirectly ; as in Ps. 11.1 . David brings in the wicked , as saying unto his soul ; Flee as a bird unto your Mountain . 2. A Perfect Prosopopoeia is when the whole feigning of the person is set down in our speech , with a fit entring into and leaving off of the same . Thus in Prov. 8. Wisdom cryeth at the Gates , &c. Unto you O men I call , &c. where the entrance is in the beginning of the chapter , her speech in the latter part of i● . APOSTROPHE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , aversio , a turning away or dislike : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ apo ] from , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ strepho ] verto , to turn . Apostrophe is a diversion of speech to another person then the speech appointed did intend or require ; or it is a turning of the speech from one person to another , many times abruptly . A figure when we break off the course of our speech , and speak to some new person , present , or absent , as to the people , or witnesses , when it was before directed to the Judges , or Opponent . This Diversion of speech is made these nine wayes ; viz. ( 1 ) To God , ( 2 ) to Angels , ( 3 ) to men in their several ranks , whether absent or present , dead or alive , ( 4 ) to the adversary , ( 5 ) to the heavenly bodies and Meteors , ( 6 ) to the earth and things in it , ( 7 ) to the Sea and things in it , ( 8 ) to beasts , birds and fishes ( 9 ) to inanimate things . Sermonem a praesenti avertit Apostrophe : et auro Vi potitur . Quid non mortalia pectora cogit Auri sacra fames ? Vos Sanctissimi Angeli , testes volo meae innocentiae . Quousque tandem , Catilina , abutere patientiâ nostrâ ? Vos adeste ciconiae , et ingratitudinem hominum redarguite . Vos agri , vos parietes obtestor ; an non sudabatis , cum tantum nefas hoc loco perpetrabatur ? Per Apostrophen Poeticam mutando casum : Terretur minimo pennae stridore columba , Vngnibus , accipiter , saucia facta tuis . English Examples of Apostrophe . To the people thus , Now let me entreat any man here present , that thinks himself not exempted from the like wrong , but lyable to the like prejudice , to imagine himself in my case , and to undertake for my sake some few thoughts of my distress . Herein you witnesses are to consult with your own consciences , and to enter into a true examination of your own memory . Did you mark his speeches ? did you note his looks ? Sometimes the occasion is taken from some quality , or other thing , whereto your self gives shew of life : as , Hope , tell me , what ground hast thou to hope for , &c. Love , be ashamed to be called Love. Scriptural Examples of Apostrophe . The Lord by his Prophet Hosea having long complained of Israel for their high provocations against him , doth break off from speaking of Israel , and turns his speech to Israel : as , Hos. 13.9 O Israel , thou hast destroyed thy self , but in me is thine help . Thus David having denounced Gods judgments against the Kings and Rulers of the earth in the 2. Psalm , doth presently divert his speech to the Kings and great ones themselves . Psal. 2.9 , 10. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron , &c. Be wise therefore oh ye Kings , be instructed ye Judges of the earth . Thus Isaah finding the people to be rebellious , to whom he was speaking , diverts his speech to the inanimate creatures . Isa. 1.2 . Hear oh heavens , and give ear oh earth : for the Lord hath spoken , I have nourished and brought up children , and they have rebelled against me . David being dismayed with the number of his enemies , turns his speech to God , saying , Psal. 3.3 . But thou , oh Lord , art a shield for me ; my glory , and the lifter up of my head . See Gen. 49.18 . Psal. 33.20 , 21 , 22. Judg. 5.11 . SYNONYMIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nominis communio , seu nomina diversa idem significantia , a partaking together of a name , or divers words signifying one and the same thing , whereof the latter is usually explanatory to the former : derived from , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syn ] simul , together , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ onoma ] nomen , a name or word . A Synonymie is a commodious heaping together of divers words of one signification . * A figure when by a variation and change of words that are of like signification , one thing is iterated divers times . This kind of Elocution is to be used as often as we see not enough in one word evidently to signifie the dignity or magnitude of the thing mentioned . This figure and Palalogia , which signifies Repetition of the same word , are alike ; and serves to amplifie and to excite vehement affection and passion , when from one thing many wayes expressed , we fasten many stings as it were in the minde of the hearer . Verba Synonymia addit rem significantia eandem . Enses & gladii . Superatne & vescitur aura Aetherea , nec adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris ? Prostavit , perculit affixit . Abiit , excessit , evasit , erupit . English Examples of a Synonymie . Wisdom in the poor man , lyes as a thing despised , rejected , oppressed , buryed and utterly extinct . Is it not a certain mark and token of intolerable arrogancy and venemous envy , where the tongue is still exercised in depraving , slandering , defacing , deriding and condemning of other mens words and works ? Who more worthy of renown , honour and same , then Caesar ? who more worthily esteemed , beloved , reverenced and honoured then noble Cesar ? who amongst men was his equal in knowledge , understanding , policie and wisdom ? what was he that might be compared to him , either in courage of heart , in fortitude of minde , or magnanimity of nature ? Thus to describe a beautiful woman , may be said ; She hath a most winning countenance , a most pleasant eye , a most amiable presence , a chearful aspect , she is a most delicate object , &c. Your beauty ( sweet Lady ) hath conquered my reason , subdued my will , mastered my judgment . Scriptural Examples of a Synonymie . Isa. 19.8 . The fishers also shall mourn , and all they that cast angle into the brooks shall lament , &c. Psal. 18.13 . The Lord also thundred in the heavens , and the Highest gave his voyce , &c. Here the first sentence is repeated by the latter , but yet with other words of the same signification : for in the former is , the Lord ; in the latter , the Highest ; in the former , thundred ; in the latter , gave his voyce . Psal. 18.2 . The Lord is my rock , and my fortresse , and my deliverer : my God , my strength , in whom I will trust ; my buckler , and the horn of my salvation , and my high Tower. Prov. 1.20 . Wisdom cryeth without , she uttereth her voice in the streets . Prov. 2.2 . So that thou encline thine ear unto wisdom ; and apply thy heart to understanding , yea , if thou cryest after knowledge , and liftest up thy voyce for understanding , &c. Prov. 4.14 , 15. Enter not into the path of the wicked , and goe not in the way of the ungodly ; avoid it , passe not by it , turn from it , and pass away . Prov. 9.10 . The fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom : and the knowledge of the Holy is understanding . Prov. 30.14 . The poor from off the earth , and the needy from among men . See Prov. 5.10 , 13.2.11 , 21. Psal. 74.2 , 7 , 18. Prov. 16.18 , 23. Prov. 6.4.8.34 . Isa. 14.25 , &c. HIRMOS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nexus , series a bond or knot , or an heaping up of many things of different kinds : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ heiro ] necto , copulo , to knit or couple together . A figure whereby a sudden entrance is made into a confused heap of matter ; or when that which might have been spoken in one word is for plainnesse and evidence sake mustered together , or rehearsed through many species or forms . Diversas specie res multas congerit Hirmos : Grammaticus , Rhetor , Geometres , pictor , aliptes , Augur , Schoenobates , Medicus , Magus ; omnia novit . English Examples of Hirmos . All men exclaim upon these exactions , Nobles , Gentry , Commonalty , Poor , Rich , Merchants , Peasants , young , old , high , low , and all cry out upon the hard impositions of these butthens . Loves companions be unquietnesse , longings , fond comforts , faint discomforts , hopes , jealousies , rages , carelesnesse , carefulnesse , yieldings , &c. Scriptural Examples . Isa. 3.16 . Because the daughters of Sion are haughty , and walk with st●etched-out necks , and with wandering eyes , walking and mincing as they goe ; and making a tinckling with their feet . Isa. 1.11 . What have I to do with the multitude of your sacrifices , saith the Lord ? I am full of the burnt offerings of rams , and of the fat of fed beasts ! and I desire not the blood of bullocks , nor of lambs , nor of goats , &c. See Isa. 1.12 , 13 , 14. Rom. 1.29 , 30. Gal. 5.19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , &c. APOPHASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , negatio , a denying , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ phao ] dico , to speak and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ apo ] which sometimes signifies a denying ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ apophemi ] nego , to deny . It is a kind of an Irony , whereby we deny that we say or doe that which we especially say or doe , Non dico Apophasis : Nec ea dico , quae si dicam , tamen infirmare non possis . Nil dico . Quid memorem , efferam , repetam ? &c. English Examples . I say nothing . Neither will I mention those things , which if I should , you notwithstanding could neither confute nor speak against them . For that this figure and the next differ only in the manne● of speaking ; take the Scriptural Examples of both together . PARALIPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ paraleipsis ] praeteritio , an over-passing , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ paraleipo ] praetermitto , omitto , to pretermit , or leave out . Preterition is a kind of an Irony , and is when you say you let passe that which notwithstanding you touch at full : or , When we say we pass by a thing , which yet with a certain elegancy we note ; speaking much , in saying we will not say it . The forms of this figure are these , viz. I let passe , I am silent . I will leave out . I omit . I say not . — Taceo , mitto , est Paralipsis . Sunt haec et alia in te falsi accusatoris signa permulta , quibus ego non utor . Praeterire me nostram calamitatem , que tanta fuit , ut eam ad aures L. Luculli , non e praelio nuncius , sed ex sermone rumor afferret . Hic praeterire se simulat Orator suorum calamitatem , quam tamen significantius exprimere non posset . Apophasis , is not unlike to this figure , for it differs not , unlesse in the manner of speaking , and is the same in the matter and sense . English Examples of Paralipsis & Apophasis . I urge not to you the hope of your friends , though that should animate you to answer their expectation . I lay not before you the necessity of the place which you are to supply , wherein to be defective and insufficient were some shame ; I omit the envious concurrences , and some prepared comparisons in your countrey , which have some feeling with young men of fore-sight . I only say , how shall our promises give judgment against us , &c. I doe not say you received bribes of your fellows . I busie not my self in this thing , that you spoyl Cities and Kingdoms , and all mens houses . I let passe your thefts and your robberies . A Scriptural Example of both figures . Philemon v. 19. Albeit I do not say to thee , thou owest thy self unto me . PERIPHRASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Circuml●cutio , a long circumstance , or a speaking of many words , when few may suffice ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ periphrazo ] circumloquor , to utter that in many words which might be spoken in few . * It is the using of many words for one thing . Periphasis is a figure when a short ordinary sense is odly exprest by more words ; or when a thing is shadowed out by some equivalent expressions . Rem circumloquitur per plura Periphrasis unam : Trojani belli Scriptor . Chironis alumnus . This figure is made principally four wayes , viz. 1. When some notable enterprise , ones native countrey , or a sect , or strange opinion is put in stead of the proper name , &c. as in the first example , Trojani belli Scriptor , The Writer of the Trojan war , for Homer . Chironis alumnus , he that was educated by Chiron the son of Saturn , for Achilles . 2. When by the Etymologie , to wit , when the cause or reason of a name is unfolded : as , Vir sapientiae studiosus , a man studious of wisdom , for a Philosopher . 3. When by Annotation , that is , by certain marks or tokens something is described : as , Cubito se emungit , pro Salsamentario . Anger is a vehement heat of the minde , which brings palenesse to the countenance , burning to the eyes , and trembling to the parts of the body . 4. When by Definition a thing is described : as , Ars ornatè dicendi , pro Rhetoricâ . The Att of eloquent speaking , for Rhetorique . Legum ac civium libertatis oppressor , pro Tyranno . An oppressor of the laws and liberties of the people , for a Tyrant . Other English Examples of Periphrasis . Thus , for , having risen early , Having striven with the Suns earlinesse . So in stead of Mopsa wept ill-favouredly , Mopsa disgraced weeping with her countenance . To sleep among thieves ; by this figure thus , To trust a sleeping life among theives . When they had slept a while , thus ; When they had a while hearkened to the perswasion of sleep ; where , to be inclined to sleep , is exprest by a Metaphor ( which is very helpful in this form of speech ) taken from one who moves and inclines by perswasion . Thus instead of Plangus speech began to be suspected , it is said ; Plangus his speech began to be translated into the language of suspicion . Scriptural Examples of Periphrasis . 2 Pet. 1.14 . To put off or lay down this Tabernacle , ( i. e. ) to die . Josh. 23.14 . I am going the way of all the earth , for that none can escape it : ( i. e. ) death . Eccles. 12.3 , 4. Surely I will not come into the Tabernacle of my house , nor go up into my bed ; I will not give sleep to mine eyes , nor slumber to mine eye-lids , untill , &c. the sense is , I will not rest untill , &c. Rom. 4.11 . The Father of the Faithful , ( i.e. ) Abraham . 1 Tim. 2.7 . A Teacher of the Gentiles , ( i.e. ) Paul. Joh. 21.20 . The Disciple whom Jesus loved ; ( i. e. ) John. Mark 14.25 . The fruit of the Vine : ( i. e. ) Wine . Job 18.14 . The King of terrors ; ( i. e. ) death . * METAPLASMVS , Transformation , It is a Figure when by reason of the verse , &c. something is necessarily changed redundant , or defficient . PROSTHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , appositio , a putting of one letter to another , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ prostithemi ] appono , to put or add unto . A figure ( contrary to Aphaeresis ) whereby a letter or syllable is added to the beginning of a word . Aphaeresis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ aphairesis ] ademptio , detractio , a taking away . A figure contrary to Prosthesis , and is , when a letter or syllable is taken away from the beginning of a word . Prosthesis apponit capiti , quod Aphaeresis aufert . Examples of Prosthesis and Aphaeresis . Vt ; gnatus . tetuli . ruit . & non temnere divos . Gnatus , for , natus . Tetuli , for , tuli , Ruit , for , eruit . Temnere , for , contemnere . SYNCOPE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a cutting away . Syncope is a figure contrary to Epenthesis , and is when a letter or syllable is taken or cut away from the midst of a word . Epenthesis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , interpositio , interposition , or a putting in between . Epenthesis is the interposition of a letter or syllable in the midst of a word . Syncope de medio tollit , quod Epenthesis infert . Examples of Syncope and Epenthesis . Relligio . Mavors . Jusso . Surrexe . Repostum . Relligio for , religio . Repostum , for , repositum . Abiit , for , abivit . Petiit , for , petivit . Dixti , for , dixisti . APOCOPE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , abscissio , a cutting off . Apocope is a figure contrary to Paragoge , and is when the last letter or syllable of a word is cut off or taken away . Paragoge 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , productio , a making long . Paragoge is a figure when a letter or syllable is added to the end of a word . Aufert Apocope finem , quem dat Paragoge . Examples of Apocope and Paragoge . Ingeni . Hymen . Curru . Tyrio vestirier ostro . Ingeni , for , Ingenii . Curru , for , currui . Peculi , for , Peculii . Dicier , for , dici . ANTITHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Oppositio , opposition , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ antitheton ] oppositum , opposite , set or placed , against ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anti ] against , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ thesis ] positio , a position , or state of a question , which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ tithemi ] pono , to put . Antithesis is sometimes a figure , whereby one letter is put for another ; and then it is the same with Antistoichon , which signifies change of letters . Litterulam Antithesis mutat , quod & Antistoechon : Olli subridens , vostrum , servom . faciundo . Olli , for , illi . Vostrum , for , vestrum . Servom , for , servum . Faciundo , for , faciendo . Antithesis , is also the illustration of a thing by its opposite , or the placing of contraries one against another , as spokes in a wheel ; and is a Rhetorial Exornation when contraries are opposed to contraries in a speech or sentence ; or when contrary Epithets are opposed , as also when sentences , or parts of a sentence are opposed to each other . In bonâ segete nonnulla spica nequam , neque in malâ non aliqua bona . This Exornation is of contrary words ; or contrary sentences . 1. Of contrary words : as , Hujus orationis difficilius est exitum , quàm principium invenire . Quisquis ubique habitat , maxime nusquam habitat . 2. Of Sentences : This Antithesis marvailously delights and allures . Obsequium amicos , veritas odium parit . Habet assentatio jucunda principia ; eadem exitus aemarissimos adfert . — Plus hujus inopia ad misericordiam , quam illius ope ad crudelitatem . Cujus adolescentia ad scientiam rei militaris , non alienis praeceptis , sed suis imperiis , non offensionibus belli , sed victoriis , non stipendiis , sed triumphis , est traducta . But that is the most elegant Antithesis , when contrary words are oftnest opposed to each other : as , Egentee in locupletes , perditi in bonos , servi in dominos armabantur . Or when contrary sentences are oftnest opposed : as , Conferte hanc pacem cum illo bello ; hujus praetoris adventum cum illius Imperatoris victoriâ ; hujus cohortem impuram cum illius exercitu invicto ; hujus libidines cum illius continentia : ab illo qui cepit conditas , ab hoc qui constitutas accepit , captas dicetis Syracusas . Verr. Act. 5. English Examples of Antithesis . He is gone , but yet by a gainful remove ; from painful labour to quiet rest , from un quiet desires to happy contentment , from sorrow to joy , and from transitory time to immortality . So well sighted were the eyes of his mind , that by them he saw life in death , an exultation in falling , glory in shame , a Kingdome in bondage , and a glorious light in the midst of darknesse . Compare the ones impatiency with the others mildnesse , the ones insolency with the others submission , the ones humility with the others indignation , and tell me whether he that conquer'd seem'd not rather confounded , then he that yielded , any thing discouraged ; or set the ones triumph against the others captivity , losse against victory , feasts against wounds , a crown against fetters ; and the majesty of courage will appear in the overthrown . What 's more odious then labour to the idle , fasting to the glutton , want to the covetous , shame to the proud , and good laws to the wicked ? Art thou rich ? then rob not the poor : if thou beest wise , beguile not the simple ; if strong , tread not the weak under thy feet . Scriptural Examples of Antithesis . Prov. 14.11 . The house of the wicked shall be overthrown : but the Tabernacle of the upright shall flourish . Verse 34. Righteousenesse exalteth a Nation : but sin is a reproach to any people . Isa. 59.9 . We wait for light , but behold obscurity ; for brightnesse , but we walk in darknesse . Lam. 1.1 . How doth the City sit solitary that was full of people ! how is she become as a widow ! she that was great among the Nations , and Princesse among the Provinces , how is she become tributary ! Prov. 29.2 . When the righteous are in authority , the people rejoyce : but when the wicked beareth rule , the people mourn . Prov. 29.7 . An unjust man is an abomination to the just ; and he that is upright in the way , is an abomination to the wicked . Prov. 3.35 . The wise shall inherit glory , but shame shall be the promotion of fools . See Isa 5.20 . Prov. 3.33.12.23.28.1.12.24.13.4.15.1.17.15 . Prov. 13.7 , 8. METATHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Transpositio , Transposition . Transposition is a Grammar figure whereby one letter is put for another . Transponitque elementa Metathesis ; ut , tibi Thymbre . Thymbre , pro , Thymber ▪ item , pistris , pro , pristis . ECTHLIPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , elisio , a striking out . It is a figure of Prosodia , especially when ( M ) with his vowel is taken away , the next word beginning with a vowel . Synaloepha , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ synaloiphe ] Commixtio , a mingling together . It is a gathering of two vowels into one syllable : or a Collision or dashing together of a vowel before another in divers words . Ecthlipsis M. vocales aufert Synaloepha . Examples of Ecthlipsis and Synalaepha . Tu in me ita es , hem ! in te ut ego sum : ac tu me ibi ama , ut te ego amo hic jam . SYSTOLE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , correptio , a shortning . A figure of Prosodia , whereby a long syllable is contrary to its nature made short . This and Synecphonesis are alike , whereunto Diastole is contrary . Diastole , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , extensio , extension , or lengthening . A figure of Prosodia , whereby syllable , short by nature is made long . Systole ducta rapit ; correpta Diastole duc●t . Examples of Systole and Diastole . Recidimus . Steterunt . Naufragia . Semisopi●a . SYNAERESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ synairesis ] Contrictio , Contraction . It is a contraction of two words or syllable into one . Syllaha de binis confecta Synaeresis esto : Acripides . alveo . cui . tenvis . parjetis . aurea . Seu lento fuerint alvaria vimine texta . Alvaria pro alvearia . Diaeresis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ diairesis ] divisio , division . It is a figure of Prosodia , and is when one syllable is divided into two parts . Dividit in binas partita Diaeresis unam : Evoluisset . aheneus . evohe . materiai . Debuerant fusos evoluisse suos . Evoluisse , for , evolvisse . ahe●eus , pro , aeneus . evohe , pro , vae . materiai , pro , materiae . ELLIPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ elleipsis ] defectus , defect , or want : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ elleipo ] deficio , to lack or want . * A figure when for expressing of passion and affection , some word ( necessary in construction ) is forborn : or , when in a sentence , a word is wanting , to make that sense , which hath been spoken . Dicitur Ellepsis , si , ad sensum , dictio desit : Non est solvendo . dicunt . quid plura ? quid istis ? So that deficient speech of Venus , Aen. 1. carries matter of admiration with it . Sed vos qui tandem ? ubi omittitur [ estis ] . And that of Pamphilus his indignation . Ter. Act. 1. Scen. 5. Tantamne rem tam negligenter agier ? ubi deest [ decet ] . Ex pede Herculem : ubi omittitur computes magnitudinem . Scriptural Examples of Ellipsis . Gen. 3.1 . And he said to the woman , ( i.e. ) the devill in the Serpent . Exod. 4.15 . Then Zipporah took a sharp [ stone or knife ] which is understood , but not exprest in the Original . Numb . 14 19. He also that shall have dominion shall be of Jacob , &c. ( i. e. ) the off-spring of Jacob. See Numb . 16.28 . 2 King. 19.9.22.18 . Isa. 1.13 . I cannot iniquity , ( i. e. ) I cannot bear iniquity . Hos. 8.1 . Trumpet to mouth , ( i. e. ) set the Trumpet to thy mouth . Psal. 6.4 . And thou Lord , how long ? ZEVGMA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , junctura , a joyning or coupling together : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , jungo , to joyn or couple . Zeugma is a figure of construction , whereby one Verb or Adjective answering the nearer to divers Nominative cases or Substantives , is reduced to the one expresly , but to the other by a supplement . Suppositis multis si verbum inserviat unum , Aut Adjectivum , fit Zeugma : Hic illius arma , Hic currus fuit . Hircus erit tibi salvus & hoedi . Vicit pudorem libido , timorem audacia , rationem amentia . But when there is a Comparison , or Similitude , the Verb or Adjective agrees with the former Nominative case or Substantive : as , Ego melius quam tu scribo . Ego sicut foenum arui . Hoc ille ita prudenter atque ego fecisset . Zeugma is made three wayes ; viz. 1. In Person : as , Ego & tu studes . 1. In Gender : as , Maritus & uxor est irata . 3. In Number : as , — Hic illius arma , hic currus fuit . Zeugma hath three kinds : viz. 1. Protozeugma . which is when the Verb or Adjective is expressed in the beginning of the clause or sentence ; and omitted after : — Sunt nobis mitia poma , Castna●ae molles , & pressi copia lactis , Dormio ego & tu . For neither art thou he Cataline , whom at any time shame could call back from dishonesty , either fear from perill , or reason from madness . Here the Verb [ could call back ] is the common word which is exprest in the first clause , and understood in the rest following . 2. Mesozeugma , when the common word is put in the middle clause : as , Semper honos , nomenque tuum , laudesque manebunt . Ego Dormio & tu . What a shame is this , that neither hope of reward , nor fear of reproach could any thing move him , neither the perswasion of his friends , nor the love of his country ! 3. Hypozeugma , which is when the Verb or Adjective , or the common word is put in the last clause , or in the end of the clause : as , Ego mihi illum , sibi me ille anteferebat . Ego & tu d●rmis . Non Venus & vivum sublimia pectora fregit . The foundation of freedom , the fountain of equity , the safeguard of wealth , and custody of life is preserved by laws . By this figure Zeugma , a verb is sometimes reduced to two Nominative cases , and agrees with both , and then it is called a Zeugma of locution , not of construction ; as , Joannes fuit piscator & Petrus . John was a fisherman and Peter . SYLLEPSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Comprehensio , Comprehension , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syllambano ] comprehendo , to comprehend or contain . A figure of Construction , and is when a Nominative case plural is joyned to a Verb singular , or a Nominative singular to a Verb plural : or it is a comprehension of the more unworthy under the more worthy . Personam , genus & numerum conceptio triplex . Accipit indignum Syllepsis sub mage digno : Tuque puerque eritis . Rex & Regina beati . Quid tu & soror facitis ? In English , What doe you and your sister make ? Ego & mater miseri perimus : I and my mother being miserable , doe perish . Tu & uxor , qui adfuistis . testis estote : You and your wi●e , who were present , be ye witnesses . Syllepsis is threefold : viz. 1. Of the Person : as , Ego & pater sumus in tuto : I and my father are safe . Neque ego , neque tu sapimus : Neither I nor you are wise . Tu q●id ego & populus mecum desideret audi : Hear thou what I and the people with me do desire . 2. Of the Gender : as , ●ex & Regni beati : The King and the Queen be blest . 3. Of the Number : as , Ego cum fratre sumus candidi : I with my brother are white . So Ovid. Impliciti laqueis nudus uterque jacet : They lie both naked fast tyed together with cords , speaking of Mars and Venus tyed together in Vulcans net . DIALYTON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , dissolutum , disjoyned ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ dialyo ] dissolvo to disjoyn . It is all one with Asyndeton . Asyndeton , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , inconjunctum , disjoyned , or without copulative : derived from the privative a , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syndetos ] colligatus , bound together ; which is derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ deo ] ●ig● , to bind . A figure when in a heap or pile of words , a conjunction copulative it not only fo● speed and vehemency , but for pathetical Emphasis sake left out . Dialyton tollit juncturam , ut Asyndeton , idque * Articulus faciet : Rex , Miles , Plebs negat illud . Frangetoros , pete vina , rosas cape● tingere nardo , Tot res repente circumvallant , unde emergi non potest ; vis , egestas , injustitia , solitudo , infamia . Vbi singulae voces asynditae , sunt emphaticae . Caeteros ruerem , agerem , raperem , tunderem , proste●nerem . Veni , vidi , vici . Here if the words were copulated with conjunctions , the quick vertue , vehemency and earnest affection of the speech would languish and decay . English Examples of Dialyton and Asyndeton . Her face with beauty , her head with wisedom , her eyes with Majesty , her countenance with gracefulnesse , her lips with lovelinesse ; where many [ ands ] are spared . The King himself , the souldier , all sorts of people deny this . By the folly and wickednesse thou hast lost thy substance , thy good name , thy friends , thy parents , and offended thy Creator . In some places only the Conjunction is put in the last place , in a Compare of three : as , A fair woman doth not only command without entreaty , but perswade without speaking . Her wit endeared by youth , her affection by birth , and her sadnesse by her beauty . Scriptural Examples . 1 Cor. 13 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7. Charity suffereth long , envyeth not , vaunteth not it self , is not puffed up , behaves not it self unseemly , seeketh not her own , is not easily provoked , thinketh no evill , &c. 2 Tim : 3.2 , 3. For men shall be lovers of their own selves , covetous , boasters , proud , blasphemers , disobedient to parents , unthankful , unholy , &c. The like also you may find in Rom. 1.29 , &c. Psal. 66.1 , 2 , 3. Rom. 3.11 , 12 , &c. 1 Thes , 5 , 16. &c. POLYSYNDETON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , varie & multipliciter conjunctum , diversly and many wayes joyned or coupled together : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ polu multum , valde , very much , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syndetos ] conjunctus , joyned together . A figure signifying superfluity of conjunctions , and is when divers words are for their weightinesse , ( and not without an Emphasis ) knit together with many copulatives . Conjunctura frequens vocum Polysyndeton esto : Fataque forsunasque virûm moresque manusque Liv. lib. 8. Dec. 3. Et somnus & vinum , & epulae , & scorta , & balneae , corpora atque animos enervant . English Examples . Overmuch sleep also , and wine , and banquets , and queans , and bathes enervate and enfeeble the body and minde . He was both an enemie to his countrey , and a betrayer of his trust , and a contemner of the good laws , and a subverter of the peoples liberties and immunities . Scriptural Examples of Polysyndeton . 1 Cor. 13.1 , 2 , 3. Though I speak with the tongues of men and Angels , and have not charity , I am become as sounding brass , or a tinckling cymbal , and though I have the gift of prophesie , and understand all mysteries , and all knowledge , yea , if I had all faith , so that I could remove mountains , and had not love , I were nothing . Act. 1.13 . Where abode both Peter and James , and John , and Andrew , &c. G●l . 4.10 . Ye observe dayes , and months , and times , and years . The like examples you have in Rom. 8.38 , 39. P●al . 18.2 , &c. PLEONASMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , redundantia , superfluity : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pleonazo ] redundo , to abound superfluously . A figure whereby some superfluous word is added in a sentence to signifie emphatically the vehemency and earnestnesse of the speaker , and the certainty of the matter spoken . Vocibus exuperat Pleonasmus & emphasin auget . Auribus his audivi , oculis vidi , ore loquutus . Cic. Accipies igitur hoc parvum opusculum . Vbi gentium ? quo terrarum abiit ? Te● . Te interea loci cognovi . Nilo amn● vectus . Te● . Eg● hominem callidiorem vidi n●minem quam Phormionem . English Examples . I heard it with these ears . I saw it with these eyes . I spake the words with my own mouth . Scriptural Examples of Pleonasmus . The God of all grace , out of the fountain of his rich mercy oft uses this manner of speaking , thereby to condescend to the weaknesse of our capacities , clear up things to our understandings , and beat them as it were into our dull apprehension : as , Deut. 13.4 . Ye shall walk after the Lord and fear him , and keep his commandments , and obey his voyce , and you shall serve him , and cleave unto him . Deut. 33.6 . O foolish people and unwise , &c. Prov. 27.2 . Let another man praise thee , and not thine own mouth ; a stranger , and not thine own lips . 1 Joh. 1.1 . We have seen with our eyes , &c. So Joh. 1.3.6.33 , 34 , 35. These Pleonastical inculcations are not vain , but serve to work things the better upon our hard hearts . The Scripture is often exegetical ; what it speaks darkly in one place , it explains in another . PARELCON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , protractio , protraction , or prolonging ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parelco ] potraho , to protract or prolong . A figure when a syllable , or whole word is added to another in the end of it . Syllabicum adjectum sit vocis fine Parelcon : Quipote . numnam . etiamnum . ehodum . tu Sosia adesdum . PARENTHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , interpositio , interposition , or an inserting between : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parentithemi ] insero , interjicio : to interpose , or cast between . Parenthesis is a form of speech or a clause comprehended within another sentence , which ( though it give some strength ) may very well be left out , and yet the speech perfect , or the sense sound . Herein are two rules observable , viz. 1. Let it neither be long nor frequent , because then it will render the sentence obscure . 2. Let it be very seldome that one Parenthesis be inserted within another . Membrum interjecto sermone Parenthesis auget : Credo equidem ( nec vana fides ) genus esse Deorum . Horat. Caetera de genere hoc ( adeo sunt multa ) loquacem Delassare valent Fabium . English Examples . Sometimes a Parenthesis makes your discourse more graceful and intelligible : as , Tell me ingenuously ( if there be any ingenuity in you ) whether , &c. That what his wit could conceive ( and his wit can conceive as far as the limits of reason stretch ) was all directed to the setting forth of his friend , &c. And indeed all Parentheses are in extreams , either graces or foyls to a speech ; If they be long they seem interruptions , and therefore at the end of them must be a retreat to the matter , called Antanaclasis , in which figure you shall find examples of such Parentheses as require a retreat to the matter . A Parenthesis is often put in . when the speaker supposing that the hearer may demand a reason of , or make an objection to what he saith , p●even●eth him by an interposition expressed before the sentence be all ended : so that hereby it may appear that a Parenthesis serves to confirm the saying by the inte●position of a reason , and to confute the objection by the timely prevention of an answer : Also where the sentence may seem dark , or doubtful , it puts in a short annotation or exposition to give light , and to resolve the doubt . Scriptural Examples of Parenthesis . 2 Cor. 11.23 . Are they Ministers of Christ ? ( I speak as a fool ) I am more , &c. Isa. 7.23 . At th●t time all vineyards ( though there were a thousand vines in one , and sold for a thousand silverlings ) shall be turned into bryars and thorns . EVOCATIO , Evocation or calling forth . * Evocation is a figure of construction , and is when the Nominative Case to a Verb of the third Person is set before a Verb of the first or second Person , which draws and as it were calls it away to its own impropriety : or , When as the first or second Person doth immediately call unto it self the third ; they do both become the first or second Person . Personam ad primam revocatur sive secundam . Tertia : Qui legis hac . Populus superamur ab uno . Ego pauper laboro ; tu dives ludis . Where note that the Verb must agree with the Person calling ; as may yet further appear ; viz. Ego tuae deliciae istúc veniam . Magna pars studiosorum amoenitates quaerimus ; A great part of us students doe seek pleasures . PARATHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , appositio , apposition , or a putting of one thing to another ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ paratithemi ] appono , to put or adde unto . Apposition is a continued or immediate Conjunction of two Substantives of the same case , by the one whereof the other is declared : as , Vrbs Roma , the City Rome . And it may be of many Substantives : as , Ma●cus Tullius Cicero . Apposition is a figure of Construction , ( which the Ancients called Interpretation or Declaration ) whereby one Noune Substantive is for Declaration and distinction sake added unto another in the same case : as , Flumen Rhenus , the flood Rhenus . Et Casu Substantiva apponuntur eodem . Turba molesta proci . Mons Taurus . Fons Aganippe . This figure is made for a threefold consideration : viz. 1. For the restraining of a generality : as , Animal equus , a living creature , an horse , 2. For the removing of Equivocation : as , Taurus Mons Asiae . Lupum [ piscem ] non vidit Italia . 3. For the attribution of some property : as , Erasmus , vir exactissimo judicio : Erasmus , a man of a most exact judgment . Nierus , ●dolescens insigni formâ : Nireus , a stripling of an excellent beauty . A Scriptural Example of Parathesis . John 14.22 . Judas saith unto him , not Iscariot , Lord how is it that thou , &c. ANTIPTOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 casus pro casu positio , the putting of one case for another derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anti ] pro , for , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ptosis ] casus , a case . It is a position of one case for another . A figure of construction , and is when one case is put for another , and sometimes with a very good grace . Antiptosis amat pro casu ponere casum : Vrbem quam statuo vestra est . b srabeate salutat . The City which I me●n is yours . Sermonem quem audistis non est meus ; The talk which you have heard is not mine . Aristotelis libri sant omne genus eloquentia referti ; for omnis generis . Terence : Nam expedit bonas esse vobis . vobis , for vos . Virg , Haeret pede pes , densusque viro vir . pede , pro pedi . But this figure and Hypallage are found rather to excuse the license or the error of Authors , then to shew that we may do the same . Scriptural Examples . Rev. 3.12 . Him that overcometh will I make a pillar , &c. Rev. 1.5 , Luke 1.55 . HELLISMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Graecorum imitatio , Sermo Graecanicus , Graecismus seu proprietas Graecorum verborum ; A Graecism or speech after the manner of the Greeks , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ Hellen ] Deucalions son , from whom the Greeks are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ Hellenes ] fróm whence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ Hellenizo ] Grecè loquor , to speak after the manner of the Greeks . A Graecism or an imitation of the Greeks in phrase or construction , or a speech after the manner of the Greeks : which is , When the construction proper to the Greek tongue is used in another language . Hellenismus erit phrasis aut constructio Graeca : Desine clamorum . fallunt , ardebat Alexin . Nobis non licet esse tam disertis . ( Terentius , Vtique vobis expedit esse bonas ) — didicisse fideliter artes Emollit mores . Virg. Cui nec certaverit ulla . Hor. desine curarum , pro à curis . This Graecism Edm. Spencer uses also not unelegantly in the English tongue : as , For not to have been dipt in Lethe Lake , Could save the * son of Theris from to die . Tmesis , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sectio , a Section , or dividing , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ temno ] or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ tmao ] seco , scindo , to cut or divide . Tmesis is a figure whereby the parts of a compound or simple word are divided by the interposition of another . Compositae in partes est Tmesis sectio vocis : Quae mihi cunque placent . Septem subjecta trtoni . Hor. Est quadam prodire tenus , si non datur ultra . ( i. e. ) licet quadantenus prodire . Plaut . Sed nae ego stultus , qui rem curo publicam . ( i. e. ) qui rem publicam curo . HENDIADYS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hediaduo ] unius in duo solutio , a dividing of one thing into two : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ edo ] corrodo , to bite or gnaw in sunder , quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hen dia duoin ] unum per duo , one thing by two . Hendiadys is a figure whereby one thing is divided into two , or when one thing is expressed by more words . Hendiadys unum in duo solvit , mobile fixum Dans : auro & pateris , Chalybem fraenosque momordit . Pateris et auro , ( i. e. ) aureis pateri● . Chalybem fraenosque &c. ( i.e. ) fraenos chalybeos . In regione & umbrâ mortis , ( i. e. ) regione umbrosâ mortis . English Examples . Cups of gold , ( i. e. ) golden cups . In the Region and shadow of death , ( i. e ) in the shadie region of death . Scriptural Examples of Hendiadys . Gen. 19.24 . And Jehovah rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire , &c. ( i. e. ) firie and burning brimstone , or sulphurous fire . See Gen. 1.26 . Jer. 29.11 . Ad dandum vobis finem & expectationem , ( i. e. ) finem expectatum . Matth. 4.16 . They that sate in the Region and shadow of death ; ( i. e. ) in the shadie region of death . Matth. 20.20 . Then came the mother of Zebedees children with her sons , worshipping him and desiring , &c. ( i. e. ) desiring by worshipping . ENALLAGE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Ordinis permutaetio , a change of order ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ enallatto ] permuto , to change one thing for another ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ enallos ] inversus & praeposterus , turnd upside down and disorderly . A figure whereby the Number or Gender , Mood , Person , or Tense are changed , or put one for another . Personam , numerum , commutat Enallage tempus , Cumque modo genus ; ut : Pereo a quod charius est mi. Ni faciat vici . praesto est , hinc spargere voces . Ovid. Et flesti , & nostros vidisti flentis ocellos . Flentis , pro flentium , nisi nostros pro meos dixeris . Cicero ad Trebat . Sed valebis meaque negotia videbis , meque dits adjuvantibus ante brumam expectabis : pro Vale , vide , expecta . The future Tense of the Indicative being put for the Imperative Mood . Ter. in Phor. Si quis me quaerit rufus , Praesto est , desine : pro , Praesto sum ; nam de se loguitur . Virg. Omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troja . pro fumaevit . The Present Tense being put for the Preter-perfect . Scriptural Examples of Enallage . This change of order is sometimes of the Number : as , Psal , 14.1 . The fool hath said in his heart , There is no God : They are corrupt , they have done abominable works , &c. See Exod. 20.2 . Prov. 1.11 . Matth. 1.21 . Here the singular is put for the plural number ; or on the contrary . Thus in Isa. 3.12 . Women shall bear rule over them , &c. ( i. e. ) effeminate men shall , &c. The Feminine gender put for the Masculine , effeminate men are called women . Psal. 1.1 . Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly , &c. ( i. e. ) whose heart , affections and will God hath so renewed , that he will not walk in their counsel , &c. where the present is put for the future tense . See Matth. 24.40 . Psal. 18 , 29. For by thee I have run through a Troop : and by my God have I leaped over a wall . Deut. 32.15 . But Jesurun waxed fat , and kicked : thou art waxed fat , &c. the like example you have in Gen. 49.4 . SYNTHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Compositio , Composition , or a joyning together ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syntithemi ] compono , to compose or put together . It is a construction made for significations sake , or a speech congruous in sense , not in voyce . It is a figure of construction , whereby a Noun collective singular is joyned to a Verb plural . Of others it is also called a figure whereby two words are joyned into one by a sign of union . Synthesis est seusu tantum , non congrua voce : Turba ruunt . aperite aliquis . pars maxima caesi . Gens armati ; a Nation or people armed . Sometimes it is made in gender only : as , Elephantus gravida , an Elephant great with young . Or for supplements sake : as , Centauro in magna ; where the word puppi , or ship is understood . Sometimes it is made both in gender and number : as , Pars mersi tenuere ratem . Part being drowned , held the oar . Laudem semper-florentis Homeri . Monti-feriens fulmen . English Examples of Synthesis . The tempest-tossed Seas . The earth-incircling Ocean . The Green-mantled Earth . A Heaven-faln star . A Rock-rending whirlwinde . Marble-hearted cruelty . ANASTROPHE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , praepostera rerum collocatio , a praeposterous placing of words or matter ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anastrepho ] retro verto , to turn back . A figure whereby words which should have been precedent , are postpon'd : Digna praeire solet postponere Anastrophe verba : Transtra per. Italiam contra . Maria omnia circum . HYPERBATON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Transgressio , Transgression , or a passing over , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hyperbaino ] transgredior , to passe over . By Rhetoricians , it is called a transposed order of words ; such as the cause and comeliness of speech often requires . Hyperbaton is a figure when words are for elegancy and variety transposed from the right order of construction , ( which is the plain Grammatical order ) into another handsomer and more fit order : or , When words agreeing in sense are in site or placing disjoyned : Est vocum inter se turbatus Hyperbaton ordo : Vina , bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes , Littore Trinacrio , dederatque abeuntibus heros , Dividit . But this figure and Antiptosis are found rather to excuse the license or the error of Authors , then to shew that we may doe the like . Scriptural Examples of Hyperbaton . Ephes. 2.1 . And you hath he quickned who were dead in trespasses and sins . Ephes. 5.3 . But fornication , and all uncleannesse , or covetousnesse , let it not be once named amongst you , as becometh Saints . Ephes. 1.14 . Which is the earnest of our inheritance , untill the redemption of the purchachased possession , unto the praise of his glory . HYPALLAGE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , immutatio ; a changing ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hypo ] in , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ allatto ] muto , to change . A figure when the natural order of the words is changed , as when two words change their cases , or when words are altered among themselves . Casu transposito submutat Hypallage verba : Impia trabs , videt hos ortus . dare classibus Austros : For dare classes Austris . Et gladium vaginâ vacuum in urbe non vidimus : For vaginam gladio vacuam . Scriptural Examples of Hypallage . Job . 17.4 . Thou hast hid their heart from understanding ( i. o. ) thou hast hid understanding from their heart . Isa. 5.30 . The light shall be darkned in the Heavens thereof , ( i. e. ) the heavens in the light thereof . Psal. 104.4 . Who maketh his Angels spirits , ( i. e. ) the spirits his angels or messengers . Heb. 3.13 . Through the deceitfulnesse of sin , ( i. e ) by deceitful sin . See Isa. 1 , 3. Psal. 80.6 . Amos 5.16 . Pro. 7.22 . HYSTEROLOGIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , dictio praepostera , a praeposterous or disorderly speech , when that which by order ought to have been spoken first , is brought in last . It is otherwise called Hysteron Proteron , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , postremum primum , the last first : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hysteros ] postremus , the last or hindmost , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ legos ] verbum , a word or speech . It is called in the English phrase , The Cart before the Horse . A figure when in a speech that which in course of nature ought to have preceded , is brought in last . Hysteron & Proteron sive Hysterologia secundo Prima loco ponit : Lavindque littora venit . Detrudunt naves scopulo . nutrit peperitque Valet atque vivit . Postquam altos tetigit fluctus , & ad aequora venit . English Examples . The ship arrived at the Lavinian shore : it came foul of the Rock . She nourished and preserved him , she brought him forth into the world . He is in health and alive . Scriptural Examples of Hysterologia . The order o●●ime is not alwaies kept in Scripture ; but sometimes ●hat which was done last is placed first ; The Saints looked more at the substance then at small circumstances in their writings ; and therefore the placing of things in Scripture must not be strictly urged ; for it is usual by this figure or anticipation of time to relate that first which either as to course of nature , or as to the time of accomplishment , should have had the last place : as appears by Joh. 11.2 . compared with ch . 12. v. 3. Psal. 7.14 . He travaileth with iniquity , and hath conceived mischief : here note that the birth is set before the conception . Luke 4.9 . The Devils leading up of Christ unto the top of the pinnacle of the Temple , is mentioned after his taking him up into the exceeding high Mountain : and yet that preceded this , as appears by Mat. 4 5 , 8. See Gen. 11.1.30.22 , 23. Isa. 38.21 , 22. SYNCHORESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Concessio , Concession , or granting of an argument : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ synchoreo ] conced● , to grant . A figure when an argument is Ironically or mockingly yielded unto , and then marred with a stinging retort upon the objector . This form of speech delights most , either when that which we grant is prejudicial to , and stings the objector , as in controversies it often happens ; or when the argument granted , brings no losse unto him that grants it . Sit Sacrilegus , sit fur , fit , flagitiorum omnium vitiorumque princeps : at est bonus Imperator . Sint Christiani pauperes , sint mundo immundo exosi ; sunt tamen coeli haeredes . Cum adversarium pungimus : ut , Habes igitur Tubero , quod est accusatori maximè optandum , confitentem , se in ea parte fuisse , qua te Tuboro , quâ virum omni laude dignum patrem tuum . Itaque prius de vestro delicto confiteamini necesse est , quàm Ligarii ullam culpam reprehendatis . English Examples . I admit you are resolute ; I grant your determination is immoveable , but it is in things directly repugnant to the grave advice of your knowing friends , and in things of a great tendency to your utter undoing . They are proud , vain , disobedient , I acknowledge it ; yet they are our children . Scriptural Examples of Synchoresis . James 2.19 . Thou believest that there is one God , thou dost well : the Devils also believe and tremble . Eccles. 11.9 . Thus Solomon also checks the young mans folly : Rejoyce O young man in thy youth , and let thy heart chear thee , &c. and walk in the wayes of thy heart , &c. But know thou , &c. Here first you have an Ironical concession , but after this , a stinging [ but ] which mar●s all . The like examples you may find in 2 Cor. 4.8 . Rom. 11.19 , 20. 1 Cor. 1.2 , 11. 2 Cor. 12.16 , 17. ANTHROPOPATHIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , humanus affectus , humane affection : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anthropos ] homo , a man , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pathos ] affectus , affection : or rather from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ an●hropopatheo ] humano more afficior , aut loquor , to be affected with , or to speak after the manner of men . It is an attributing to God humane affections , or it is a speaking after the manner of men . A Metaphor whereby that which properly is agreeable to the creatures , and especially to man , is by some similitude transferr'd unto the Creator and heavenly things . This is very frequent in Scriptures , when it speaks of God after the manner of men , and by bodily things sets forth the divine excellencies of the spiritual and eternal being . This Metaphorical form of speech is also by others called Syncatabasis , condescensio , condescension , for that in holy writ the Lord doth as it were descend unto us , and under humane things resembles and expresses heavenly mysteries unto our capacities . Thus the Lord is said to have a face in Psal. 116.11.17.15 . and eyes , in Psal. 11.4 . to signifie his omnisciencie ; bowe 's in Isa. 63.15 ; and a bosome in Psal. 74.11 . to denote unto us his infinite mercy and most ardent love . Thus in Psal. 48.14 . he is said to be his peoples guide even unto death ; and in Psal. 62 , 7. the rock of their strength and their refuge ; in Psal. 18.2 . their buckler and the horn of their salvation ; Thus in Psal. 17.8 . he is said to have wings , to shew his care and protection of his people . These and such like are the condescensional characters of comfort , whereby we may easily read and plainly understand the goodnesse and rich mercy of the incomprehensible Jehovah . Thus the Lord also in respect of his adversaries is by this Metaphor pourtrayed with letters of a contrary signification ; as , a Giant to wound , a Judge to condemn , and a fire to consume . EXEGESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , explicatio , explication or Exposition : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ exegoumai ] explico , to explain or expound . Exegesis is a figure very usual in Scripture , when those things which were first spoken more darkly , are afterwards in the same sentence manifestly explained : or , When a thing spoken in one member of a sentence , is by way of explication and confirmation repeated in the latter part of it . An English Example . Time at one instant seeming both short and long , short in the pleasingnesse in calling to minde , long in the stay of his desires . Scriptural Examples . Rom. 11.7 , 8. God hath given them the spirit of slumber : what 's that ? Eyes that they should not see , and ears that they should not hear . Isa. 51 , 1 , 2. Look unto the Rock , whence ye are hewen : look unto Abraham your father , &c. Rom. 7.18 . For I know , that in me , that is to say , in my flesh , dwelleth no good thing . Isa. 1 , 2 , 3. The latter part of the third verse expounds the second verse , &c. Isa. 1.22 , 23. Thy silver is become dross : thy wine is mixt with water : ( i. e. ) Thy Princes are rebellious and companions of theeves , &c. Prov. 3.3 . Let not mercy and truth forsake thee : bind them about thy neck , write them upon the table of thine heart . The like in Psal. 17.1.10.1.6 , 8 , 9.35.1.23.18.2 , 3. Zech. 6.12 , 13. 2 King. 20.3 . Prov. 30.3 . Deut. 7.3 . 2 Tim. 1 , 2 , 3 , &c. Jonah 2 , 3 , 4 , 6. 1 Cor. 5.9 . 2 Tim. 4.6 . SYNCRISIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Comparatio , a Comparison ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syncrino ] comparo , to compare . 1. Syncrisis is a comparison of contrary things and divers persons in one sentence . 2. Comparatio is a form of speech , which by apt similitude shews that the example brought in , is either like , unlike , or contrary : like things are compared among themselves ; unlike , from the lesse to the greater in amplifying , and from the greater to the lesse in diminishing ; and contraries by opposing one another . English Examples of Syncrisis . The subtle commit the fault , and the simple bear the blame . He that prefers wealthy ignorance before chargeable study , prefers contempt before honour , darknesse before light , and death before life . Scriptural Examples of Syncrisis . Luke 23.39 , 40 , 41. There you have the guilty opposed to the just , and injurie to equity ; in these words , saith the believing thief to the other thief , We indeed are justly here , for we receive the due reward of our deeds , but this man ( meaning Christ ) hath done nothing amiss Isa. 65.12 , 14. Behold , my servants shall eat , but ye shall suffer hunger ; my servants shall drink , but ye shall abide thirst : Behold , my servants shall rejoyce , but ye shall be ashamed : Behold , my servants shall sing for joy of heart , but ye shall cry through sorrow of heart , and shall howl through vexation of spirit . Many of Solomons Proverbs are compounded and garnished with this Exornation : as , Prov. 10.25 . As the whirlwind passeth , so is the wicked no more : but the righteous is an everlasting foundation , 19.10 . Prov. 14.1 . Every wise woman buildeth her house : but the foolish plucks it down with her hands . 10.1 . A wise son maketh a glad father : but an indiscreet son is an heavinesse to his mother . 3.33 . The curse of the Lord is in the house of the wicked : but he blesseth the Tabernacle of the just . English and Scriptural Examples of Comparatio . 1. Comparison of like things : as , Each book sent into the world , is like a Barque put to Sea , and as lyable to censures , as the Barque is to foul weather . Herbert . In the greenest grasse is the greatest Serpent : in the clearest water the ugliest road : in the most curious sepulchre are inclosed rotten bones : the Estrich carries fair feathers , but ranck flesh . 2 Tim. 3.8 . As Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses , so do these also resist the Truth ; men of corrupt minds , reprobate concerning the faith . 2. Comparison of unlike things : as , Brutus put his sons to death , for conspiracy of Treason : Manlius punished his son for his vertue . Matth. 6.26 . Behold the fowls of the air , for they sow not , neither do they reap , nor gather into barns : yet your heavenly Father feedeth them : Are ye not much better then they ! 3. From the lesse to the greater : as , Heb. 9.13 , 14. For if the blood of buls , and of goats , and the ashes of an heifer sprinkling the unclean , sanctifie to the purifying of the flesh : how much more shall the blood of Christ , who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God , purge your consciences from dead works to serve the living God ? The like examples are in Matth. 10.25.6.30 . 4. From the greater to the lesse : as , 2 Pet. 2.4 . If God spared not the Angels that sinned , but cast them down to Hell , and delivered them into chains of darknesse , to be reserved unto judgment , &c. much lesse will he spare the wicked , who walk after the flesh in the lusts of uncleannesse . 1 Pet. 4.18 . If the righteous scarcely be saved , where shall the ungodly and the sinner appear ? SIMILITVDO , a Simil●tude : It is a form of speech whereby the Orator or speaker compares one thing with the other by a similitude fit to his purpose . This Exornation yields both profit and pleasure , profit by its perspicuity , and pleasure by its proportion . A Similitude is a Metaphor dilated , or enlarged , and a Metaphor a Similitude contracted . English Examples of a Similitude . As it makes no matter whether you lay a sick man in a bedsted made of plain wood , or in a bedsted guilded and garnished with gold ; for whithersoever you remove him , he carries his disease with him : even so is it all one , whether the minde which is sick with insatiable avarice , be placed in riches or in poverty ; for while the disease hangs still upon it , it finds no rest . This comfort in danger was but like the honey that Samson found in the Lyons jaws , or like lightning in a foggy night . Scriptural Examples . Note that similitudes are rather to make dark things plain , then to prove any doubtful thing ; similitudes are not argumentative ; as appears by the parable of the unjust Steward , in Luk. 16.6 , 7 , &c. Prov. 26.1 . As snow in summer , and as rain in harvest ; so honour is not seemly for a fool . Vers. 14. As the door turneth upon his hinges , so doth the slothful upon his bed . Prov. 28.15 . As a roaring lyon , and a ranging bear ; so is a wicked ruler over the poor people . DISSIMILITVDO , Dissimilitude . Dissimilitude is a form of speech , whereby divers things are compared in a diverse quality . An Example of Chrysostom . If we have any disease in our body , we use exercise , and all other means , that we may hence forward be delivered and free from it ; but being sick in soul , we dissemble and make delay : we leave the fountain uncured , and count necessary things superfluous . Scriptural Examples . Luke 9.58 . The foxes have holes , and the fowls of the air have nests , but the Son of man hath not where to lay his head . Jer. 8.7 . The Stork in the air knoweth her appointed times , and the Turtle , and the Crane , and the Swallow observe the time of their coming ; but my people know not the judgment of the Lord , &c. The like in Isai. 1.3 , &c. HOMOEOPTOTON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , similiter cadens , similes casus habens , falling out alike , or having cases alike : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ ptoo ] cado , to fall out or happen , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ homoi●s ] similiter , alike . It is a Rhetorical Exornation whereby in the Latine tongue divers clauses end with like cases : But in respect of the English , which is not varied by Cases , it may be called , setting of divers Nounes in one sentence which end alike , with the same letter or syllable . A Latin Example of Homoeoptoton . Pomp. Non enim illae sunt solae virtutes imperatoriae , quae vulgo exstimantur , labor in negotiis , fortitudo in periculis , industria in agendo , celeritas in conficiendo , consilium in providendo . English Examples . In activity commendable , in a Common-wealth profitable , and in war terrible . Let thy Countrey be served , thy Governours obeyed , and thy Parents honored . Art thou in poverty ? seek not principality , but rather how to relieve thy necessity . Foolish pitty undoes many a City . A friend in need is a friend indeed . Scriptural Examples of Homoeoptoton . Prov. 16.12 . It is an abomination to Kings to commit wickednesse : for the throne is established by righteousnesse . Prov. 16.32 . He that is slow to anger is better then the mighty : and he that ruleth his spirit , then he that taketh a City . Isa. 11.5 . And righteousnesse shall be the girdle of his Ioyns ; and faithfulnesse the girdle of his reins . HOMOEOTELEVTON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ homoiotel●uton , ] similem finem habens , aut similiter desinens , ending alike : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ teleuton ] ultimum , the last , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ homoios ] similiter , alike . A figure when divers parts or members of a sentence end alike : this Exornation for the most part shuts up the clauses of the sentence either with a Verb or an Adverb . Latin Examples . Quàm celeriter Pompeio duce belli impetus navigavit ? qui Siciliam adiit , Africam exploravit , inde Sardiniam cum classe venit . Cicer. pro. Pomp. Vt ejus voluntatibus non solùm cives assenserint , socii obtemperârint , hostes obed●erint , sed etiam venti tempestatesque obsecundârint . English Examples . He is looked upon as an eloquent man , who can invent wittily , remember perfectly , dispose orderly , figure diversly , pronounce aptly , confirm strongly , and conclude directly . No marvel though wisedome complains that she is either wilfully despised , or carelesly neglected , either openly scorned , or secretly abhorred . Scriptural Examples of Homoeoteleuton . Isa. 13.16 , 20 , 21. Their children also shall be dashed to pieces before their eyes , their houses shall be spoiled , and their wives ravished . Neither shall the Arabian pitch tent there , neither shall the shepherds make their folds there , but wild beasts of the desert shall lie down there , &c. Isa. 40.2 . Cry unto her that her warfare is accomplished , that he● iniquity is pardoned , &c. COMPAR , even , equal . alike : It is of Grecians called Is●colon and Parison . It is an even gait of sentences answering each other in measures interchangeably . A Rhetorical Exornation whereby the parts of a sentence doe consist almost of the like number of syllables ; or when the words of a sentence match each other in rank , or the parts accord in a fit proportion ; which is , when the former parts of a sentence or oration are answered by the later , and that by proper words respecting the former . Latine Examples . Sic ergo in Pompejana : Qui plura bella gessit , quàm caeteri legerunt : plures provincias confecit quam alii concupiverunt . Ibid. Extrema hyeme apparavit , ineunte vero suscepit , media aestate confecit . Idem pro Sylla : Permitto aliquid iracundiae tuae , do adolescentiae , cedo amicitiae , tribuo parenti . English Examples . He left the City garnished , that the same might be a monument of victory , of clemency , of continency ; that men might see what he had conquered , what he spared , what he had lest . Cicero . If you compare the parts of the later clauses with the former , you will find that they are fitly matched . My years are not so many , but that one death may conclude them ; nor my faults so many , but that one death may satisfie them . Save his gray hairs from rebuke , and his aged minde from despair : where gray hairs , aged minde , rebuke and despair , answer each other . It connects contraries , thus : An innocent although he be accused , he may be acquitted ; but the guilty , except he be accused , he cannot be condemned . Scriptural Examples of Compare . Amos 5.24 . Let equity run down as waters , and righteo●snesse as a mighty stream . Isa. 1.5 . The Oxe knoweth his owner , and the Ass his Masters crib , &c. Prov. 18.18 . The lot causeth contentions to cease ; and parteth between the mighty . Prov. 21.17 . He that loveth pleasure shall be a poor man : he that loveth wine and oyl , shall not be rich . Vers. 18. The wicked shall be a ransome for the righteous ; and the transgressor for the upright . See the like in Prov. 15.8 . Prov. 19.29 , 20.29.8.10.3.11.4.12.21.8 , 10.1.12 , &c. Isa. 29.1 . Prov. 11.9 , 17 , 19 , 20. PARABOLA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parabole ] a parable , or a similitude of a thing : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ paraballo ] confero , comparo , assimilo , to confer , resemble , or make comparison . A Parable is as it were a shadow that goes before the truth : and is by nature a comparison of things that differ , made under some simili●ude . It is said to be a similitude , when by some comparison we make known that which we would have to be understood . So we say a man to be made of iron , when we would be understood to speak of a cruel hard-hearted and strong man. It is a comparing , signifying a similitude , ( or a comparative speech ) tending to the explanation and perspicuity of the things under it : or it is a similitudinary speech , whereby one thing is uttered and another signified . These are English Parables , or Similitudes . As a vessel cannot be known , whether i● be whole or broken , except it have liquor in it : so no man can be throughly known what he is , before he be in authority . If we need look so far back for an example , we may see this truth veryfied in Hazael ; compare 2 King. 8.13 . with ch . 13. v. 22. Like as it is a shame for a man that would hit the white , to misse the whole But : even so it is a shame for him that thirsts after honor , to fail of honesty . This is a saying of a Heathen Philosopher . A parable in the Gospel signifies an Aenigmatical or Allegorical Comparison , as also an Algory and Aenigma . A parable must be expounded , and no further strained then things agree with the principal inten●ion scope and drift of the Spirit of God in that Scripture : as Matth. 20.1 , 2 , &c. where the scope is , God is not a debtor unto any man. In Parables we must alwayes look more ●o the sense and scope , then to the letter . Note that in a Parable there are three things essen●i●lly considerable ; viz. 1. Cottex , t●e rind or shell ; that is the words and terms . 1. Radix , the root or the scope unto which the Pa●able tends . 3. Medulla , the marrow , that is , the mystical sense of the Parable , or the fruit which may be gathered from it . Matth. 24.32 . As from the budding and sprouting of trees , ye may know that Summer is nigh ; so likewise ye when ye shall see the signs of the Son of man , know that his coming is near , even at the doors : so in Mark. 3.23 . Matth. 13.33 . The kingdome of heaven is like unto leaven , which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal , till the whole was leavened . Here the former part of the Parable is that which is brought into the similitude : whereof the literal sense is , That a little leaven ( being put together with the meal into one lump ) hath that effect , that it pierces into and spreads over the whole lump . The later part is that unto which the former is applyed , and by our Saviour signified in the first words : The kingdome of heaven . The mystical sense thereof is , That the Gospel hath that efficacy , that being preached in Palestina , it should presently be spread over the whole world , and make the Church far larger then it was ; for leaven doth mystically signifie the Gospel ; and the whole lump , the Church , which God hath from eternity decreed to call unto himself out of the world by the Gospel . Isa. 5.1 . The Parable of the vineyard you have there ; which in the 7. verse is explained thus , The vineyard is the house of Irael ; the pleasant plant is the men of Judah ; by grapes judgment is understood ; and by wilde grapes oppression . Ezek. 17.2 . A great Eagle with great wings , long winged , full of feathers , which had divers colours , came unto Lebanon , and took the highest branch of the Cedar , he cropt off the top of his young twigs , and carryed it into a land of Traffique , &c. This obscure Parable the holy Ghost explains in the 12 ver . thus , The great Eagle signifies the King of Babylon ; by Lebanon is signified Jerusalem : and by the highest branch of the Cedar and the top of his young twigs , the King and Princes of Jerusalem ; by a land of traffique and a City of Merchants , is signified Babylon . See Luke 16.19 . Mat. 13.3.24.44 . Luke 8.4 . Mat. 22.2 , &c. EXERGASIA . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , expolitio , repetitio , a polishing or trimming ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ exergazomai ] repeto , effectum reddo , to repeat , to polish a thing after it is finished . A figure when we abide still in one place , and yet seem to speak divers things , many times repeating one sentence , but yet with other words , sentences and exornations . It differs ( as M●lancthon saith ) from Synonymia , forasmuch as that repeats a sentence , or thing , only with changed words : but this with like words , like sentences , and like things , having also many exornations to the garnishing of it . Thus to describe a beautiful woman , may be said , She hath a winning countenance , a pleasant eye , an amiable presence , a cheerful aspect . She was the object of his thoughts , the entert●inment of his discourse , the contentment of his heart . Your beauty ( sweet Lady ) hath conquered my reason , subdued my will , mastered my judgement . Scriptural Examples . Psal. 17.1 . Hear the right , O Lord , attend unto my cry , give ear unto my prayer , that proceeds not from feigned lips . 35.1 , 2 3. Plead my cause ( O Lord ) with them that strive with me : fight against them that fight against me ; Take hold of shield and buckler , and stand up for mine help ; Draw out also the spear , and stop the way against them that persecute me : say unto my soul , I am thy salvation . More examples you have in Psalm 18.2 , 3. Jonas 2 , 3 , 4 , 6. Zech. 6.12 , 13. CHRONOGRAPHIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Temporum descriptio , a description of times and seasons : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ grapho ] scribo , to write or describe ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ chronos ] tempus , time or season . Chronographie is a Rhetorical Exornation , whereby the Orator describes any time or season for delectations sake : as the morning , the evening , midnight , the dawning and break of the day , the Sun-rising , the Sun-setting , Spring , Summer , Autumn , Winter , &c. When break of day had drawn the curtain of heaven . When the morning had won the field of darknesse . When bright Aurora with her glittering beams , sweet and comfortable rayes , had re-assumed her dominion in the air . When the Morns fair cheek had not yet lost her tears . When the bright beams of the East had driven away the dark shadow of the night , and the chearful birds had welcomed the first dawning light with their glad songs , and when black and sable clowds were changed into golden glory . When the stars begin to glory of the light which they borrowed from the Sun. When the nights black-mantle over-sp●eads the sky . When candles begin to inherit the Suns office . When the night clad in black , mourns for the losse of day . When the darknesse ariseth in the East , and stars begin to appear ; when labourers forsake the fields , birds betake themselves to their night-boughs , and when the silence of all creatures is increased through the desire of rest . When all weary creatures take their sweet slumber , when cares are slackned , and hearts forget their labours , &c. When the Sun visits the face of the earth with the warming and enlivening influence of his beams ; when fountains and streams wax clear , pastures green ; when the flowers of the field , with the trees blossomes do present their beauty to the eyes of the beholder , &c. When trees are widowed of their leaves . By the like observation of circumstances are all other descriptions of ti●e . EVPHEMISMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , bona dictionis mutatio , seu favorabilis locutio , a good change of a word , or a fair kind of speech : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ e● ] bene , well or pleasingly , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ phemi ] dico , to speak ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ euphemeo ] faveo linguâ , aut bona verba dico , to favour in ●peech or to give pleasing wo●d's . It is a fair kind of speech , or a modest way of expressing ones mind . A figu●e whereby in Scripture you shall finde a fair name put on a foul vice , and a word of a good and bad signification interpreted to the better part ; and it is also when things ( which would offend a most modest and chast ear ) are vailed with Periphrasis , or circumlocution . Thus in Deut. 22.9 . To sanctifie is put for to defile . Thus incest and adultery is sometimes exprest by a modest term of uncovering the nakednesse ; this you have in Lev. 18.6 , 20 , 11 , 17. Ezek. 22.10 . Thus the vessel wherein nature eases it self , is for seemlinesse vailed with the Periphrasis , a v●ssel wherein is no pleasure , and this in Jer. 22.28 & Hos. 8.8 . Thus in Prov. 5.20 . Solomon most seemly observes the modesty of speech ; where he saith , Let her breasts alwaies satisfie thee , why shouldest thou embrace the bosome of a stranger ? Thus urine is vailed with a Circumlocution , water of the feet . PARRHESIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Licentia , loquendi libertas & audacia , liberty or boldnesse of speaking : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pan ] and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . [ rhesis ] license , or liberty . A figure when we speak freely and boldly concerning things displeasing and obnoxious to envy , especially when fear seemed to hinder it ; or , When in any case we shew our confidence for the present , our fearfulnesse for the future , or our ability to confute a false accusation ; or , as other say , It is either when we boldly acknowledge and defend a fault not proved against us , or when we venturously and confidently upbraid and rebuke others for their faults ; In which form of speech , it being to Superiors , such an asswaging may elegantly be used ; to wit , May I with your leave , speak freely what I think ? Or a modest insinuation made by shewing the necessity of freedom of speech in that behalf . Vide quam non reformidem , quantà possum voce contendam ; tantum abest ut tuae sententiae subscribam , ut in publico hoc consessu decedere non reformidem : Ecce , adeo non curo iram vestram . English Examples . You may suppose me proud and inconstant , but my sincerity shall out-dare all their calumnies . It is contrary to the known rules of Justice to condem any man ( as you have ) without hearing him first , whom you condemn . Scriptural Examples of Parrhesia . Job 32.21 , 22. Let me not I pray you , accept any mans person , neither let me give flattering titles unto man , for I know not to give flattering titles , in so doing , my Maker would soon take me away . Elihu having in the 18 , 19 , & 20 verses made his apology or insinuation , do●h here declare his purpose of free speech , and adds his reason in vers . 22. Gal. 1.10 . For doe I now perswade men , or God ? or doe I seek to please men ? for if I yet pleased men , I should not be the servant of Christ. Psal. 46.2 , 3. Therefore will not we fear , though the earth be removed : and though the Mountains be carryed into the midst of the Sea ; though the waters thereof roar and be troubled , &c. HEBRAISM , or an imitation of the Hebrews in phrase or construction ; It is when the construction proper to the Hebrew tongue is used in another language . The Hebrews doe often in stead of an Epithet , put the Substantive in the Genitive case ; as , Men of mercy , for , merciful men . A land of desolation , for , a desolate land . A man of desires , for a man very desirable and lovely , in Dan. 9.23 . The son of perdition ( i. e. ) one ordained unto condemnation : as John 17.12 . 2 Thes. 2 , 3. The man of sin ; there is a great emphasis in it ; it is as much as if the Apostle had said , a very sinful man , a man made up of wickednesse , being as it were sin it self in the abstract . This is an Hebraism very frequent in Scripture ; hence in Isa. 53 3. Christ is called a man of sorrows , ( i. e , ) a man even compacted and compounded of all kinds and degrees of sorrows . The Hebrews doe also often use the Imperative Mood for the Future Tense , to shew the certainty of a thing ; as , Amos 5 , 6. Seek the Lord and live , ( i. e. ) ye shall certainly live . So Deut. 32.49 , 50. The Lord bids Moses goe up to Mount Nebo and dye there ; ( i. e. ) thou shalt certainly die there . And contrarily they sometimes put the Future Tense for the Imperative Mood ; as , Exod. 20. Thou [ shalt ] not kill , steal , &c. for doe not kill , steal , &c. Mal. 2.7 . The Priests lips shall preserve knowledge ; for , let the Priests lips preserve knowledge . When the Hebrews would expresse an excellent or glorious thing , they o●ten joyn the name of God with it : as , Gen. 23.6 . Abraham is called a Prince of God. Exod. 3.1 , 4 , 7. Horeb is called the Mountain of God : that is , a most high and excellent Mountain . Psal. 46.4 . The City of God ; ( i. e. ) a glorious City . If , among the Hebrews is a note of swearing : as , Heb. 3.11 . Therefore I sware in wrath , if they shall enter into my rest ; ( i. e. ) they shall never enter into my rest . The like in 1 Sam. 14.45 . APODIOXIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Rejectio , expulsio , rejection or an expelling : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ apodioco ] Rejicio , expello , to reject or expell . A figure when any argument or objection is with indignation rejected as extreamly absurd , impettinent , false and by no means to be admitted of . A Latin Example . Sed de Lucullo alio dicam loco , & ità dicam , ut neque vera laus ei detracta oratione meâ , neque falsa affixa esse videatur . English Examples . Cicero for Milo : What should Milo hate Clodius , the flower of his glory ? And would any wise man ever have so said ? were not ignorance the cause of this opinion , folly could not be the fruit . Scriptural Examples of Apodioxis . Matth. 16.23 . Thus Christ rejects Peters argument , touching his endeavour to avert Christ from his suffering ; Get thee behind me , Satan , thou art an offence unto me : for thou savourest not the things of God. Thus when James and John would have leave of Christ to command fire to come down from heaven upon the Samaritans that would not receive him , Christ rebukes them , and said in Luk. 9.55 . Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of , &c. See Act. 8.20 . Mat. 4.6 , 7. Psal. 50.16 . APODIXIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Demonstratio & evidens probatio , Demonstration or evident proof derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; [ apodeiknumi ] rationibus seu argumentis demonstro , aut probo , evidently to shew or prove . A form of speech by which the Orator or speaker grounds his saying upon general experience : it differs from ( the next figure ) Martyria in this that in Martyria , the Speaker confirms what he saith by the Testimony of his own knowledge ; in this he infers his reason and confirmation from known principles , which experience proves , and no man can deny . English Examples . Hereunto appertain many Proverbs , and common sayings , which arise from general proof and experience : as , Trust not an horses heel , nor a dogges tooth . Fire and water have no mercy . Scriptural Examples of Apodixis . Gal. 6.7 . Be not deceived , God is not mocked : for whatsoever a man soweth , that shall he also reap . Job 8.11 . Can the rush grow up without mire ? Can the stag grow without water ? Prov. 6.27 . Can a man take fire in his bosome , and his cloaths not be burnt ? Can one goe upon hot coles , and his feet not be burnt ? MARTYRIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Testimonium , Testatio , Testimony or evidence : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ martyr ] testis , a witnesse . A figure when the speaker confirms something by his own experience . Thus the Physitian makes report of his own proof in diseases and cures , and sometimes records them to the great benefit of succeeding generations . Thus the Captain which hath been in many battails , at many seiges , and hath had experience in many stratagems , teaches young souldiers , and confirms his advice by his own testimony founded upon often proof . Scriptural Examples of Martyria . Job 5.3 . I have seen the foolish taking root : but suddainly I cursed his habitation . Psal. 37.35 . I have seen the wicked in great power , and spreading himself like a green bay-tree , yet he passed away , and so he was not , yea , I sought him , but he could not be found . Verse 25. I have been young and now am old : yet have I not seen the righteous forsaken , nor his seed begging bread . So 1 John 1.1 . That which was from the beginning , which we have heard , which we have seen with our eyes , which we have looked upon , and our hands have handled of the word of life ; ( for the life was manifested , and we have seen it , and bear witnesse , and shew unto you the eternal life which was with the Father , and w●s manifested unto us ) That which we have seen and heard , declare we unto you , &c. EPIMONE , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Commoratio , item persoverantia , a tarrying long upon one matter ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ epimeno ] maneo , ( i. e. ) expecto ob rem aliquam , to stay or wait for something . Epimone is a figure whereby the speaker dwels upon , and persists in a former conclusion , or the same cause much after one form of speech , but repeated in other words more plainly : By others it is said to be when the speaker knowing whereon the greatest weight of his cause or matter doth depend , makes often recourse thither , and repeats it many times by variation . English Examples . And shall so eminent a vertue be expelled , thrust out , banished , and cast away from the City ? What didst thou covet ? what didst thou wish ? what didst thou desire ? Scriptural Examples . Eccles. 1.3 . What profit hath a man of all his labour which he hath under the Sun ? What profit ] to wit , towards the attaining of happinesse ; otherwise in all labours there is some profit towards the helping of our earthly estates , as Prov. 14.23 . This is an elegant Epimone or dwelling upon the former conclusion , of the vanity of all things delivered in the former verse , and here repeated in other words more plainly . Gen. 18.24 , &c. Here you have a good examample in Abrahams suit to God for the Sodomites , in these words ; If there be fifty righteous within the city , wilt thou destroy , and not spa●e the place for the fifty righteous that are therein ? That be far from thee to do after this manner , to slay the righteous with the wicked , &c. And thus he perseverantly continues his suit to the sixth request . John 21.15 , &c. Thus Christ speaks to Simon Peter , Simon , son of Jonas lovest thou me more then these ? feed my sheep ; which saying he persists in and repeats three times one presently after another . Matth. 12 , 31 , 32. All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men : but the blasphemy against the holy Spirit shall not be forgiven unto men : And whosoever speaketh a word against the son of man , it shall be forgiven him : but whosoever speaketh against the holy Ghost , it shall not be forgiven him , neither in this world , neither in the world to come . The like examples you may find in Mar. 7.21 , 22 , 23. Col. 2.13 , 14 , 15. 1 Cor , 7.36 , 37. HORISMOS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Definitio , Definition , or an expresse declaring what a thing or the nature thereof is ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ horizo ] definio , to define , or make a plain description of a thing . A figure whereby we declare what a thing is , or delineate the nature of it ; and it is often used when we would shew a difference between two words : namely by defining both . Latine Examples . Est virtus placitis abstinuisse bonis . Virtus est habitus rationi consentaneus . Nolo te parcum appellars , cum sis avarus ; nam qui parcus est , utitur eo quod satis est , tu contra propter avaritiam , quo plus habes , eo magis eges ; gloria est illustris ac pervulgata multorum ac magnorum vel in suos cives , vel in patriam , vel in omne genus hominum , fama meritorum . English Examples . Godlinesse is the exact care of a Christian , to worship God in the spirit according to the dictates of his will , with all sincerity . He that subverts the Laws , and infringes the peoples liberties , is a Tyrant . Fear is an apprehension of future harm . In way of Gradation : To refuse good counsel is folly ; to contemn it , wickednesse : to scorn it , madnesse . Beauty is nothing but a transitory charm , an illusion of senses , a slave of pleasure : a flower which has but a moment of life ; a dyal on which we never look , but whilst the Sun shines on it : it is a dunghil covered with snow : a glass painted with false colours , &c. This is not fortitude , but temerity ; for fortitude is an heroick contempt of evil through due consideration of the justnesse of the cause , controversie and call : but temerity is a foolish enterprise of perils without due consideration of either . Scriptural Examples of Horismos . Job 28.28 . Behold , the fear of the Lord , that is wisdom ; and to depart from evil , is understanding . Isa. 58 , 4 , 4 , 6 , 7. Thus you have an hypocritical fast elegantly defined , and distinguished from such a one as is acceptable with God. See Luke 4.18 . Isa. 61.1 . Gal. 5.19.20 , 21 , 22 , &c. Prov. 27.3 , 4. METABASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Transitio , Transition , or a passing over from one thing to another : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ metabaino ] transeo , to passe over from one thing to another . A figure whereby the parts of an oration or speech are knit together : and is , When we are briefly put in mind of what hath been said , and what remains further to be spoken . This Exornation conduces to eloquence and attention ; to the understanding and remembrance of the things handled in a speech . The first part of this figure hath respect unto the precedent ; the later part makes way for , or prepares the Reader unto the following matter . Latin and English Examples interwoven . This figure is made eight ways : viz. 1. From the equal . At haec erant jucundissima , nec minus voluptatis attulerunt illa : In English , But these things were most pleasant and delectable , nor shall those bring lesse pleasure . The matters which you have already heard , were wonderful , and those that you shall hear , are no lesse marvellous . 2. From the unequal . Sed haec utcumque ignoscenda , illud quis ferat ? audistis gravissima , sed audietis graviora : In English , But these things howsoever to be forgiven , who can bear that ? you have heard very grievous things , but ye shall hear more grievous . I have declared unto you many of the commendable faculties of his mind , yet I will tell you of many more , and far more excellent . 3. From the like . Haec perfida designavit , cujus generis sunt & illa , quae nuper Romae patrasse dicitur : In English thus , He hath evidently marked out these trayterous and disloyal acts ; of which sort also are those which are reported to have been lately perpetrated at Rome . I have hitherto made mention of his noble enterprises in France , and now will I rehearse his worthy acts done in England . 4. From the contrary . Sed haec juv●nis peccavit , nunc Senis virtutes audietis : In English thus , But this young man hath offended , now ye shall hear the vertues and properties of an old man. As I have spoken of his sad adversity and misery , so will I now speak of his happy prosperity , which at length ensued , as the bright day doth the dark night . 5. From the differing . De moribus habes , nunc de doctrinâ reliquum est ut dicamus : In English thus , You have a relation touching manners , now it remains that we speak concerning doctrine . 6. As it were by anticipation or the prevention of an objection . Jam ad reliqua properabimus , si prius illud unum adjecerimus : In English thus , Now we will hasten unto that which is behind , if we shall first add in that one thing . By Anticipation more clearly thus ; Peradventure you think me too long in the threatnings of the Law ; I will now passe to the sweet promises of the Gospel . 7. By Reprehension . Quid his immoror ? ad id , quod est hujus causa caput , festinet oratio : In English thus , Why stay I upon these things ? I shall hasten my speech unto that which is the principal point of the matter in question . 8. From Consequents , or from things relating to something precedent . Habes quod in illum contulerim beneficiorum ; nunc quam gratiam mihi retulerit audi : In English thus , You have heard what kindnesses I conferr'd on him ; now what return he made me of those favours , attend ye . You have heard how he promised , and now I will tell you how he performed , &c. Scriptural Examples of Transition . 1 Cor. 12 , 31. And I will yet shew you a more excellent way . The first part looks to the precedent , but the latter makes way for the subsequent matter : Which is as much as if Paul had said , You have heard of the gifts of prophesying and interpretation ; of the gifts of miracles , of healing , of diversity of tongues , &c. which are indeed eminent gifts , and such as I exhort you to desire and look out after . But the way of love ( which this Transition makes way for , and which he comes to in the first verse of the next chapter ) is a far more excellent way then all these . It is the custome likewise of the same Apostle , that passing over from one matter to another , he gives a certain entrance , or a little beginning whereby he doth as it were prepare the Reader to the following matter : as , 1 Cor. 15.1 , 2. He admonishes the Corinthians to remember what they had learned ; So 1 Cor. 11.17 . having briefly reprehended them , he passes over unto another matter . PARECBASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Digressio , Digression , excursion , or a going from a matter in hand to speak of another thing : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parecbaino ] digredior , to digress or goe from the purpose . Digression is as it were a wandering from the purpose or intended matter . It is the handling of some matter going out from order , but yet upon sufficient ground , and for the advantage and illustration of the cause or matter we have in hand . Digression is a figure when something is added beside or beyond the purpose or intended matter , and goes out from the appointed discou●se . Note that digression ought in some respect to be agreeable , and pertinent to those matters which we have in hand , and not to be strange or remote from the purpose : and that by the abuses of this Exornation , namely , by going forth abruptly , by tarrying too long abroad , and returning in unto the matter overthwartly , we shall in stead of adorning and garnishing our cause or speech , darken our main cause or principal matter , and deform the Oration . This Exornation is frequent in Scripture : as , Rom. 1. from 1. to 8. The Apostle Paul here digresses from his name , to the description of his calling in the first verse ; then unto the definition of the Gospel in the 2. verse , by and by to the description of Christ in the 3. & 4. verses ; then he again as it were slides unto his calling in the 5. verse ; at length he prayes for grace and peace for the Romans , unto whom his Epistle is directed , and so he doth , as it were , finish his course or compasse : and these are occasioned by the words in the sentences or things spoken of . Col 1.3 , 4. We give thanks to God [ even the f●ther of our Lord Jesus Christ , alwayes praying for you ] : since we heard of your faith in Christ Jesus , and of your love toward all Saints . Where you see the Digression noted , then you have the apt return into the matter : Since we heard of , &c. Gen. 2.8 . to 15. verse . And the Lord God planted a garden Eastward in Eden , and there he put the man whom he had made : [ for out of the ground made the Lord God to grow every tree pleasant to the sight , &c. the Digression here , begins at the 9. and ends with the 14 verse ] then in the 15. verse you have the return unto the matter in hand ; in these words ; Then the Lord God took the man and put him into the Garden of Eden , &c. See 1 Cor. 1.13 . Ephes. 3.1 . Gen. 38. the whole chapter . PARECHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , allusio , allusion , or a resembling of one thing to another : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parecheo ] sono assimilis sum , to resemble , or allude unto . Parechesis is a figure when we bring in something of anothers to another intent then his own : or : When the allusion of words is to be searched after in another language or speech then in that wherein the Author wrote . Latin Examples . Quod Orator de caecitate , de ignorantia dico : vultus perpetua nocte coopertus , non concipit nefas , ad quod ducibus oculis pervenitur ; tua ( quo Nero senecae ) in me merita , dum vita suppetit , aeterna erunt . De bonorum societate dicere licet , quod Ovidius de Jovis sui habitaculo , lib. 1. Metam . Hic locus est , quem , si verbis audacia detur , Haud timeam magni dixisse palatia coeli . English Examples . I may say of flatterers , as Tacitus of Courtiers : They speak more readily with the Princes fortune then himself . We may say of Providence , as Ovid of the Sun , It sees all things , and by it all things on earth are govern'd . I may say of an ill conscience , as Socrates of a wandering traveller , It is no wonder if it be out of temper , when it hath it's self for its companion . Scriptural Examples of Parech●sis . Matth. 11.17 . We have piped unto you , and ye have not danced , &c. John 10.1 . He that entreth not in by the door into the sheepfold , but climbeth up another way , he is a thief and a robber . 1 Cor. 1.23 . But we preach Christ crucified : unto the Jews , even a stumbling block , and unto the Graecians foolishnesse : but unto , &c. See Gen. 48.14 ▪ &c. John 1.5 . GNOME , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sententia , a Sentence : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ gnoo ] nosco , to know . A Sentence is some excellent profitable and remarkable saying : it is a pearle in a discourse . Gnome is a figure when we bring in a sentence or such a remarkable saying of anothers to the same purpose with the Author , he being not named . Latine Examples . Fit ex malè agendo consuetudo , deinde natura . Ita vivendum est cum hominibus , tanquam Deus videat ; sic loquendum cum deo , tanquam homines audiant . Civitatis anima sunt leges . English Examples . Where ever the Sun shines , is a wise mans countrey . The rich mans bounty is the poor mans Exchequer . Error and Repentance are the companions of rashnesse . The covetous man wants as well that which he hath , as that which he hath not . Unlawful desires are punished after the effect of enjoying ; but impossible desires are punished in the desire it self . Scriptural Examples of Gnome . Sentences are by Solomon in Prov. 1.2 . called words of wisdom and understanding . Prov. 10.19 . In the multitude of words there wanteth not sin : but he that refraineth his lips , is wise . Vers. 5. He that gathereth in Summer , is a wise son ; but he that sleepeth in harvest , is a son that causeth shame . See Eccles. 12.11 . and divers other places of the Scripture . PAREGMENON , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , derivatum , deductum ; a derivative , or derived from : this word is a particle of the preterpefect tense passive of the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ parago ] deduco , derivo , to derive or take from . A figure when words , whereof one is derived of another , are conjoyned . Latin Examples . Is domum miser , cujus miseriam nobilitas locupletavit . Ingenioque faves ingeniose tuo . English Examples . Marvel not at that which is so little marvellous . A discreet discretion . Sometimes there is a double Paregmenon in one sentence ; as , He wished rather to die a present death , then to live in the misery of life . The humble soul is established by humility . Scriptural Examples of Paregmenon . Dan. 2.21 . He giveth wisdome unto the wise , &c. Rom. 9.32 . For they stumbled at that stumbling stone . 1 Cor. 15.47 . The first man was of the earth , earthy , the second is the Lord from heaven , heavenly . Prov. 11.15 . He that hateth suretyship is sure . See 1 Cor. 1.19 . Prov. 11.17 , 25 , &c. MIMESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , imitatio , Imitation ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ mimeomai ] imitor , to imitate or resemble . It is an Imitation or a using of the language of others , which is usual in the Scriptures ; as . In Psal. 2 , 3. David uses the language , of rebellious rulers : Let us break their bands , and cast away their cords from us . So in 1 Cor. 15.32 . Paul uses the words of Epicures , What advantages it me , if the dead rise not ? let us eat and drink , for to morrow we shall die . Thus the Prophet Isaiah speaks in the language of the profane rulers in Jerusalem who made a mock at Gods Word and threats ; Isa. 28.15 . We have made a Covenant with death , and with hell are we at agreement , we have made lies our refuge , and under a falshood have we hid our selves . The like in Micah 3.11 , &c. MYCTERISMUS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Subsannatio , irrisio , a disdainful gibe or scoffe ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ mycterizo ] subsanno , naso suspendo , to mock or scoffe with bending of the brows , or with blowing the nose at one ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ aeiro ] erigo , suspendo , to lift up , or hang up , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ mycter ] nasus , the nose . It is a privy kind of mock or scoff , yet not so privy but that it may well be perceived . It is near to a Sarcasm , but that is more manifest , this more privy , that more easie ; and this more hard : And sometimes is a figure , when in shew of disdainful contempt of a person or thing we fling up our nose . Thus when a certain man that was bald , had spightfully r●yled against Diogenes , after a little pawse Diogenes answered him thus : My friend , further I have done thee no harm , but this I must say to thee , I do much commend the hai●s that are fallen from thy head , for I suppose they were wise , in that they made haste to leave the company of so foolish a skull . To one that demanded of Demonax the Philosopher , if Philosophers did use to eat sweet Cakes : Demonax made this answer , Dost thou think ( saith he ) that Bees gather their hony for fools only ? Luke 16.14 . Thus the Pharisees derided Christ ; they did not simply contemn him , but they shewed their contempt of him by their gestures . ANAMNE●IS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Recordatio , Remembrance , or a calling to minde : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ anamnaomai ] recordor , to remember or call to minde . Anamnesis is a figure whereby the speaker calling to minde matters past , whether of sorrow , joy , &c. doth make recital of them for his own advantage , or for the benefit of those that hear him : as , Psal. 137.1 . By the Rivers , there we sate down ; yea , we wept when we remembred Sion , &c. Luke 15.17 . The Prodigal son , when he came to himself , said , How many hired servants of my fathers house , have bread enough and to spare , and I perish with hunger ? I will arise and go to my father , &c. Gen. 32.10 . Thus Jacob in his return from Laban , in thankful remembrance of the goodnesse of God to him , breaks out ; With my staffe I passed over this Jordan , and now I am become two bands , &c. Psal. 77.5 , 6. saith David , I have considered the days of old , the years of ancient times ; I call to remembrance my song in the night , &c. See Prov. 5.12 , &c. EXPEDITIO , expedition , or quick dispatch . Expedition is a figure when many parts or reasons of an argument being enumerated and touched , all are destroyed , save that only upon which the speaker intends to conclude , stand to , and rest upon . One of these courses must be taken ; either you must distinctly observe and practise these rules , or deny that ever you received instructions , or alledge want of capacity in your self , or want of use of them in your life . That they are not necessary , you cannot say ; for what more necessary in your life , then to write well ? That you are uncapable , is a slander , and a contradiction to your own conscience and my experience , that hath seen such fair essays of your endeavours : And to say you had never any directions , were to give your two eyes the lye , and to make me believe , that I did never but dream your good . Therefore must your labour conspire with my inventions , and so much you unavoidably become skilful . Seeing that this land was mine , thou must needs shew that either thou didst possesse it , being void , or made it thine by use , or purchase , or else that it came to thee by Inheritance : Thou couldst not possesse it void when I was in possession ; also thou canst not make it thine by use nor custome . Thou hast no deed to evidence thy purchase of it ; I being alive it could not descend upon thee by Inheritance : it follows then that thou wouldst put me from mine own land , before I be dead . DIATYPOSIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Descriptio , Informatio , Description , information of a thing : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ diatypoo ] describo , informo , to describe , inform , &c. A figure when a thing is so described by more words , that it may seem to be set , as it were , before our eyes ; or , When we have spoken of a thing in general , descend unto particulars . Latin Examples . Personabant omnia vocibus ebriorum , natabant pavimenta mero , madebant parietes , &c. vid. Ovid. in descript . pestis , lib. Metam . 7. v. 5.28 . procellae , lib. 11. ver . 500. diluvii , lib. 1. v. 260. Virgil. in descrip . scuti Aeneae , lib. 8. Aeneid . v. 620. English Examples . If you desire that I make you a picture or lively description of the nature of Desire , I will tell you ; It is a strange countrey , whereunto the Prodigal child sailed when he forsook his fathers house to undertake a banishment : a countrey where corn is still in grasse ; vines in the bud ; trees perpetually in blossome , and birds always in the shell ; you neither see corn , fruit , nor any thing fully shaped , all is there only in expectation : A countrey where the Inhabitants are never without feavers , one is no sooner gone , but another comes into its place : here time looks on you afar off , and never comes neer you , but shews you an inchanted looking-glasse , wherein you see a thousand false colours , which amuse you . Here at best you have nothing to dinner but smoke and expectation . Scriptural Examples of Diatyposis . Psal. 7.13 , 14. God judgeth the righteous ; God is angry with the wicked every day ; if he turn not , he will whet his sword : he hath bent his bow , he hath also prepared for him the instruments of death : he ordaineth his arrows against the persecutors . 2 Tim. 3 , 1 , 2 , &c. This know also , that in the last days perillous times shall come : for men shall be lovers of their own selves , covetous , boasters , proud , blasphemers , disobedient to parents , unthankful , unholy , &c. So if speaking of war , the blood-shed , enemies , clamours depopulations , &c. which happen by it , are laid open . See Revel . 21.10 . Revel . 1.13 . Isa. 1.7 , 8 , &c. PROECTHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , expositio quae praemittitur ; an exposition which is sent afore : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ porectithemi ] priori loco expono , to expound in the former place . It is as it were a prae-exposition or a praeposition of a speech , wherein that which comes into controversie , or debate , is presented unto the eye . A figure usual in Scripture , when the speaker doth by his answer ( containing a reason of what he , or some other hath said or done ) defend himself or the other person , as unblameable in such speech or action . Thus Job being accused and rebuked of his friends , of impatiency , sin , folly , &c. Replyes thus : Job 6.2 , &c. O that my grief were throughly weighed , and my calamities laid together in the ballance , for the arrows of the Almighty are within me , the poyson whereof drinketh up my spirit , &c. Doth the wild Asse br●y when he hath grasse ? or loweth the Oxe over his sodder ? In this form of speech our Saviour many times defends his doings against the accusation of his adversaries : as , for healing the man with the withered hand on the Sabbath day . Mark 3.4 . And he saith unto them , Is it lawful to do good on the Sabbath dayes , or to do evill ? to save life , or to kill ? but they held their peace . The like in Matth. 12.11 . What man shall there be among you , that shall have one sheep , and if it fall into a pit on the Sabbath day , will he not lay hold on it , and lift it out ? How much then is a man better then a sheep ? Wherefore it is lawful to doe well on the Sabbath dayes . In like manner in Luke 6.1 , 2 , &c. Mark. 2.23 He defends his Disciples being accused for pulling the ears of corn on the Sabbath day , by alledging the example of David eating the Shew-bread in his great hunger . Secondly , By shewing his authority , as Lord of the Sabbath . And then by citing a saying of Hos. 6.6 . I will have mercy and not sacrifice . And in Matth. 9.12 , 13. He being accused for eating and drinking with publicans and sinners , answers ; They that are whole need not a Physitian , but they that are sick ; I came not to call the righteous , but sinners to repentance . DIALOGISMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sermocinatio ; a Di●logue or conference between two : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ dialogizomai ] sermocino , to dispute or talk . Dialogismus is a figure or form of speech , whereby the speaker feigns a person to speak much or little , according to comelinesse ; much like unto Prosopopoeia ; differing only in this ; When the person feigned speaks all himself , then it is Prosopopoeia ; but when the speaker answers now and then to the question , or objection , which the feigned person makes unto him , it is called Dialogismus . Or it is , When as one discussing a thing by hims●lf , as it were talking with another , doth move the question , and make the answer : as , Hos. 12.7 , 8 , 9. Saith the Lord by the Prophet there concerning Ephraim ; He is a Merchant , the ballances of deceit are in his hands ; he loveth to oppresse : Then follows the fiction of Ephraims speech ; Yet , I am become rich , I have found me out substance : in all my labours they shall find none iniquity in me , that were sin . Then you have the Lords answer to this objection . And I that am the Lord thy God from the land of Egypt , will yet make thee to dwell in Tabernacles , as in the days of the solemn feast , &c. Here note that care be taken that the speech be suitable to the person feigned , and that it be no otherwise then in probability the same person would use : as , here in this example ; Ephraims speech savours of pride , arrogancy , and self-justification , suitable to the condition this and other Scriptures prove him to be of ; if this caution be not observed , this form of speech will seem vain and absurd . EMPHASIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , efficacia significandi , the vertue and efficacy of signifying ones mind : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 [ emphaino ] repraesento , to represent : Or It is an earnest , vehement , or expresse signification of ones mind . Emphasis is a figure whereby a tacite vertue and efficacy of signification is given unto words ; Or It is a form of speech which signifieth that which it doth not expresse ; the signification whereof is understood either by the manner of pronunciation , or by the nature of the words themselves . English Examples . When the signification is to be understood by the pronunciation . Darest thou presume to praise him ? ( i. e. ) Is ignorance fit to commend learning , or folly me●● to praise wisdom ? Wilt thou believe a Scot ? whereby is signified , not simply a man born in Scotland , but any other dissembler , after the nature and disposition of that Nation . Thy looks upon a sudden are become dismal , thy brow dull as Saturns issue , thy lips are hung with black , as if thy tongue were to pronounce some funeral . He talked with such vehemency of passion , as though his heart would climbe up into his mouth to take his tongues office . I could wish you were secretary of my thoughts , or that there were a crystal casement in my breast , through which you might espy the inward motions and palpitations of my heart , then you would certified of the sincerity of my heart in this affirmation . Scriptural Examples of Emphasis . Eccles. 10.20 . Solomon there uses an excellent emphasis , where he gives us warning that we should not speak or think evil of the King , no not in our bed-chamber ; for saith he ; A bird of the air shall carry the voyce , and that which hath wings shall tell the matter . Job 17.14 . I have said to corruption , Thou art my father : to the worm , Thou art my moher and my sister . Heb. 12.24 . To the blood of sprinkling , that speaketh better things then that of Abel . Prov. 30.8 , 9. Give me neither poverty nor riches ; feed me with food convenient for me : lest I be full and deny thee , and say , Who is the Lord ? or lest I be poor , &c. See Isa. 2.4.5 . Micah 4.3 . 1 King. 20.11 . Mat. 12.35 . SYLLOGISMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Ratiocinatio , collectio quae ratiocinando fit ; reasoning , a conclusion which is made by reasoning together in argument ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ syllogizomai ] ratiocinatione colligo , to conclude by reasoning . A Rhetorical syllogism is also by the Grecians called Epichirema , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , argumentum , quo aliquid probari , illustrari , & argui potest : An argument whereby any thing may be proved , illustrated and reasoned . A Rhetorical Syllogism is a form of speech , whereby the speaker amplyfieth a matter by conjecture , that is , by expressing some signs or circumstances of a matter ; which circumstances are of three sorts , either going before it , annexed with , or following after it . 1. As to Circumstances going before the matter . 1 Kings 17.1 . As the Lord God of Israel liveth , before whom I stand , there shall not be dew nor rain these years , but according to my word . Here by the great drought , Elisha signifies the great famine and dearth which should be brought by it . Gen. 7.4 . Isa. 4.1 . Mat. 10.30 . & 24.20 . 2. As to circumstances annexed with the matter . 1 Sam. 17.6 , 7. The huge statute and great strength of Goliah is signified by the weight of his brigandine and spears head , and by the monstrous bignesse of his spear staffe , compared to a weavers beam . See Act 24.26 . Matth. 26.75 . 1 Kings 12.10 . Isai. 2.9 . Luke 7.44 . 3. As to circumstances following after the matter . 2 Sam. 18.33 . There Davids sorrowful bewailing of his son Absoloms death is described : whereby may be collected how dearly he loved his son , notwithstanding his evill inclinations . See Isai. 49.20 , &c. A Logical Syllogism is a perfect argument consisting of three parts , inferring a necessary conclusion ; or whereby something is necessarily proved . The first part of a Syllogism is called , the Proposition or Major , whereby the consequent of the question , or the conclusion is at least disposed with the argument . The second , the Assumption or Minor ; and this is affirmed from the proposition . The third , the conclusion , this embraceth the part of the question and concludes it . Examples of a Syllogism in Logick . Major , 1. Every vertue is honorable ; Minor , 2. Patience is a vertue ; Conclusion , 3. Therefore patience is honourable . Every just thing is profitable ; Every honest thing is just ; Every honest thing therefore is profitable . Every rationable creature is sensible ; But every man is rationable creature ; Therefore every man is sensible . ENTHYMEMA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , animi conceptus conception of the mind ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ enthymeomai ] animo concipio , to conceive in the mind . An Enthymem is a form of speech , which Quintilian interpreteth a Comment , for that it may well be called the whole action and sentence of the mind ; and it is , as Cicero saith , when the sentence concluded consisteth of contraries . When any part of the Syllogism is wanting , it is said to be an Enthymem . It is an imperfect or an unprofitable Syllogism , where one proposition is reserved in the mind , and not declared : or it is a Syllogism of one Proposition , in which one argument or proposition being laid down , the conclusion is inferred . Enthymema est imperfectus Syllogismus ; in qu● nimirum Major Minor ve desideratur . It is an imperfect Syllogism ; that is to say , such a Syllogism , wherein the Major or Minor being wanting is looked for . Latin Examples . Pius fuit , fortis , sapiens . Deum quippe coluit , hostes contudit , fortunam utramque moderatè tulit , imo superavit . Quem alienum fidum invenies , si tuis hostis fueris ? English Enthymems . Our Ancestors made war , not only that they might be free , but also that they might rule : but thou thinkest war may be left off , that we might be made bondslaves to serve . If great wealth brings cares , and poverty misery , then the mean between these two extreams is a great blessing . They which may doe me good , will not ; and they which are willing , cannot ; therefore my distresse remains . If intemperance be hurtful , temperance is profitable : And if intemperance be not hurtful ; neither is temperance profitable . If fish bred in the salt water may want salting , then laws may need a law to mend them . DILEMMA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Argumentum cornutum , an horned argument , or a double argument : derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ dis ] twice , or double , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ lemma ] Assumptio , the Assumption or Minor Proposition , but sometimes it signifies the Major Proposition also . Dilemma is an argument which convinceth every way , and consists of two propositions , which both wayes conclude or convince ones adversary ; wherein , whether of the two you grant , he will take hold of , or reprove you . If he be a good man , why speak you ill of him ? if he be naught , why doe you keep him company ? Why should I sharply reprove him ? if he be a good man , a friendly admonition is better ; but if he be an evill man , reproof is odious and contemptible with him . If you deem me unworthy of an answer , it proceeds of contempt if your passion defers a reply ; it argues a displeasure . Either covetousnesse , or poverty exposed him to this act ; not covetousnesse , for the course of his life declares him no covetous man ; nor poverty , for he hath large possessions . Scriptural Dilemma's . 1 Cor. 9.17 . For if I doe this thing willingly , I have a reward : but if against my will , a dispensation of the Gospel is committed unto me . John 18.23 . If I have spoken evill , bear witnesse of the evill : but if well , why smitest thou me ? Mark 11.30 , 31 , &c. HYPOTHESIS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , suppositio , a supposition or argument , derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hypotithemai ] suppono , to suppose ; or from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ hypo ] sub , beneath or under , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ thesis ] positio , a position or sentence propounded . Hypothesis is an argument or matter whereon one may dispute ; or it is a conditional proposition . By Rhetoricians it is in its peculiar signification said to be a finite question . Of Questions there are two kinds ; The one is infinite or endlesse . The other finite or limited . The infinite question is by the Greeks called Thesis , which signifies also a general argument proposed . The finite question they call Hypothesis , which is as it were a conditional Proposition . Suppositions in Scripture are no Positions . When the speech is only Hypothetical , it concludes nothing ; for a conditional proposition doth not simply affirm ; and therefore conclusions gathered from it , as if it were affirmative , will not hold : as , Ezek. 18.24 . If a righteous man turn away from his righteousnesse , &c. Hence would some conclude that a righteous man may finally fall from grace ; but this is no other then a supposition , and so concludes not . Matth. 11.21 . If the mighty works which were done in you , had been done in Tyre and Sidon , they would have repented long ago in sack-cloth and ashes . It follows not that there was some inclination in Tyre and Sidon to repentance . Luke 19.46 . If these should hold their peace , the stones would immediately cry out . It will not hence follow that there was some inclination in the stones to speak or cry out . PARALOGISMVS , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , falsa ratiocinatio , false reasoning or debating of a matter , or a decietful conclusion ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ paralogizomai ] subdolâ supputatione fallo , vel falsâ argumentatione utens decipio , to deceive by supposition full of deceits and wiles ; or to defraud by false reasoning . A Paralogism is a sophistical or deceitful conclusion : it is a manner of argument , which seems true when it is not . Examples . He that affirms William to be a living creature , saith true . He that affirms William to be a Jack-daw , affirms him to be a living creature : And therefore he that affirms William to be a Jack-daw saith true . All sin is evill . Every Christian doth sin : Therefore every Christian is evill . It may be answered that the assumption in this place doth not take the argument out of the proposition , but puts in another thing , and so it is no right frame of concluding , the assumption being not affirmed from the proposition . Sometimes all the parts of the Syllogism are denyed ; as , No Pope is a Devill . No man is a Devill : Therefore no man is a Pope . This may be answered , that it is not according to the Definition of a Negative Syllogism , which must have always one Affirmative . PATHOPOEIA , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pathopoiia ] affectus expressio , expression of the affection of the mind ; derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ pathos ] which signifies every more vehement affection , or an exceeding stirring up of the affections of the mind ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , [ poieo ] qualitate afficior , to be affected with the quality of such ardent affections . Pathopoeia is a form of speech whereby the Speaker moves the mind of his hearers to some vehemency of affection , as of love , hatred , gladness , sorrow , &c. It is when the speaker himself ( being inwardly moved with any of those deep and vehement affections ) doth by evident demonstration , p●ssionate pronunciation and suitable gestures make a lively expression thereof . Scriptural Examples . Isa. 49.15 . Can a woman forget her sucking child ? yea they may forget , yet will I not forget thee : Behold , I have graven thee upon the palms of my hands , &c. Jer. 31.20 . Is Ephraim my dear son ? is he a pleasant childe ? for since I spake against him , I do earnestly remember him still : therefore my bowels are troubled for him ; I will surely have mercy upon him , saith the Lord. Jer. 9.1 , 2. O that my head were waters , and mine eyes a fountain of tears , that I might weep day and night for the slain of the daughter of my people ! Oh that I had in the wildernesse a lodging place , &c. See Hos. 11.7 , 8. 1 Cor 4.14 , 15. 2 Cor. 2.4 . Jer. 23.9 , 10. FINIS . A Brief Explanation of the several Points used by the Learned in their writings , illustrated by particular and pertinent Examples upon each . FOrasmuch as the Points or Notes used by the Learned in distinguishing writing ( though not precisely pertinent to Rhetorique ) are not the least part of Orthography , or of the right manner of writing : the ignorance whereof is frequently not only an obstacle to the discerning of the elegancy in writing , but likewise to the perceiving of the writers scope , drift and sense : It will therefore not be impertinent here to add a few lines in explanation thereof . The points used by the learned in their writings are 7 , viz. 1. A Comma . 2. A Semi-Colon . 3. A Colon. 4. A Period . 5. A note of Exclamation or Admiration . 6. A note of Interrogation . 7. Parenthesis . Which are particularly and orderly illustrated and exemplified . 1 Comma , Subdistinctio , the point in the part of a sentence without perfect sense : A Comma or cutting short is a shutting up of the sense , the measure and order in syllables being not filled up , extending from two unto seven syllables , or thereabouts : or as others define ; It is a note of convenient silence , or rather a place of pausing or taking breath , whereby the bound or limit of pronunciation or utterance ( the sense remaining ) is so respited , as that which follows ought forthwith to succeed ; It is a short pause , and thus noted — , A Latin Example of a Comma . Ovid. Vtendum est aetate : cito pede praeterit aetas , Nec bona tam sequitur , quam bona prima fuit . English Examples . By this point or note all the parts of a sentence are distinguished : as , Embrace in your sweet consideration , I beseech you , the misery of my case , acknowledge your self to be the cause , and think it reason for you to redresse the effects . Thus she said , thus she ended , with so fair a Majesty of unconquered vertue , that captivity might seem to have authority over tyrannie , &c. Loves companions be unquiet longings , fond comforts , faint discomforts , hopes , jealousies , carefulnesse , &c. 2. Semi-colon , Semi-media distinctio , a pause somewhat longer then a Comma , and thus noted — ; A Latin Example . Cujus vita turpitudinis conscientia vacat ; ejus nomen ab invidiosa , quantum in nobis est , malevolentia vindicetur . An English Example . Her witty perswasions had wise answers ; her eloquence recompensed with sweetnesse ; her threatnings repelled with disdain in Pamela , and patience in Philoclea , &c. 3. Colon , Media distinctio , a mean distinction between a Comma and a Period , is where there remains almost as much of the sentence to come , as is then past : Or , as others define it ; It is a part of a Sentence which finishes the sense , shut up in measure and order of syllables , but being pull'd away from a period it defers the hearers expectation , as not perfecting the sentence ; and it goes forward from the twelfth to the eighteenth syllable , and sometimes to the twenty fourth : It is a longer stay then the former , thus noted — : A Latin Example of Colon. Quemadmodum Horologii umbram progressam sentim , us progredientem non cernimus : & fruticem aut herbam orevisse apparet , crescere autem nulli videtur : ita & ingeniorum profectus , quoniam minutis constat auctibus , ex intervallo sentitur . An English Examples If I speak nothing , I choke my self , and am in ●o way of relief : if simply , neglected : if confusedly , not understood : if by the bending together all my inward powers , they bring forth any lively expressing of that they truly feel , that is a token , forsooth , the thoughts are at too much leisure , &c. 4. Periodus plena ac perfecta distinctio , a period , a perfect or full point , or distinction ; this is to be put at the end of a complete sentence . That period is the most excellent , which is performed with two Colons ( and sometimes Commas ) or four parts of a sentence , as that which suspends the mind , and satisfies the ears . A Period is thus noted — . Herein beware that the Period be not shorter then the ear expects , nor longer then the strength and breath of the Speaker or Reader may bear , and that it finish its course in a handsome and full comprehension . A Latin Example of a Period . Est enim haec non scripta , sed nata lex ; quam non didicimus , accipimus , legimus ; verum ex n●tura ipsa arripuimus , hausimus , expressimus : ad quam non docti , sed facti non instituti , sed imbuti sumus . English Examples . Lines cannot blush ; so as modesty admits a freedom to my pen , which would be taxed immodesty being delivered by the tongue . That every one may understand , I seek not to talk any thing by silence , or to cloud any thing by words . 5. A note of Exclamation or Admiration , thus noted — ! Latin Examples . Ingens , atrox , horridum , facinus ! quale nec Antiquitas vidit , nec credunt posteri ; omnium denique flagitiorum compendium in ferrei hujus seculi faeces reservatum ! O miseras hominum mentes ! O pectora caeca ! Qualibus in tenebris vitae , & c ! An English Example . O endless endeavours ! O vain glorious ignorance ! 6. A note of Interrogation marked thus — ? Latin Examples . Et quae tanta fuit Romam tibi causa videndi ? — Quid non mortalia pectora cogis Auri sacta fames ? English Examples . How is my Sun , whose beams are shining bright , Become the cause of my dark ugly night ? Or how do I captiv'd in this dark plight , Bewail the case , and in the cause delight ? 7. Parenthesis , which signifies interposition , is a sentence shut in with two half Moons ( which set aside ) the former discourse notwithstanding remains intire and sound : it is thus marked — ( ● ) Latin Examples . Credo equidem ( noc vana fides ) genus esse deorum . — Princeps ( quia bella minantur Hostes ) militibus urbes praemunit & armis . An English Example . Tell me ingenuously ( if there be any ingenuity in you ) whether , &c. FINIS . A Catalogue of some Books printed for , and sold by George Eversden at the Maiden-head in Saint Pauls Church-yard . AN Exposition with practical Observations upon the IX first Chap. of the Proverbs , Grammatical , Rhetorical , Logical , and Theological ; by Francis Taylor , B. D. Late Minister of Canterbury . in 4. An Exposition on the whole Book of the Canticles , by John Robotham late Minister of Dover , in 4. The Natural mans case Stated , or an exact map of the little world Man : In XVII Sermons by Christopher Love in 8. The Doctrine of Mortification , with the hearers Duty , by Christopher Love , in 8. A Treatise of Prayer and of divine Providence as relating to it , by Edward Gee Minister of the Gospel at Eccleston in Lancashire in 8. The 2. Edition corrected and amended . A comment on the First and Second Chapters of Ruth , by Thomas Full●r , Minister of Waltham Abby in Essex , in 8. Mr. Culpepers treatise of Aurum potabile being an universal remedy for all diseases , in 8 Sion and Pernassus , being divine Epigrams on several Texts of Scripture by J. H. Gent. in 8. The Life and Death of Sir Tho. More sometime Lord Chancellour of England . Enoch's walk ; being the substance of sundry Sermons digested into a Tested into a Treatise by William Bell M.A. Pastour of the Church at Highton in Lancashire , in S. Usurpation defeated , and David restored , being an exact parallel between David and our most gracious Soveraign King Charles the II. In their dangerous dissettlement and wonderful Restauration , laid open in a Sermon on 2 Sam. 19.14 . by Henry Newcom . A Sermon preached at the Collegiate Church at Manchester , on the Coronation day : by Richard Horri●k , Warden of the said Colledge . The Sinners Hope , as his priviledge and duty in his worst condition , stated , cleared , and improved by Henry Newcom M. A. and one of the Ministers of the Gospel at Manchester . Grace , the truth and growth and different degrees thereof , being the substance of 〈◊〉 Sermons preached by Christopher Love late Minister of Laurence Jury London , to which is added a Funeral Sermon being the last Sermon he ever preached . King James Apology for the Oath of Allegiance and Supremacy , against the two Breves of Pope Paulus Quintus and the Letter of Cardinal Bellarmine to G. Blackwell the Arch-Priest . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A59234-e500 * The English Examples are most of them streams from Sir Phillip Sidnyes fountain . * Note that Rhetorique sets forward the end of the discourse , to wit , to affect the heart with the sense of the matter in hand : as Eccl. 1.2 . Vanity of vanities , saith the Preacher , vanity of vanities , all is vanity , where we may see that it is no vanity to teach the vanity of the creatures in Rhetorical elegancies . Luke 24.45 . Isa. 29.11 , 12. Rev. 3.7 . Eph. 4.18 . Luke 8.10 . * Mat. 16.26 , 27. This is my body , &c. take heed you take not the sign for that whereof it is but a sign . VVhere there is a sentence in Scripture which hath a Tropical word , we may n●t think the whole place figurative : as Matth. 26.28 . this is my blood which is shed for many , &c. * The like in Joh. 1.10.4.35 . & 4.13 , 14 Notes for div A59234-e6910 A Trope is an in●●●u●ent of Elocution wh●ch adorns out Speech . Metonymie Irony . Metaphor . Synecdoche . Catachresis . Hyperbile . Me●alepsis , Litotes . Allego●ie . A Figure ▪ A note in the garnishing of speech in words , and in garnishing the frame of speech in a sentence . 1. Kinde . 2. K●nde . 5. Kinde , 4. Kinde . By the Table may he found each Figure , and where they are opened , illustrated and exemplified . Figura Sententiae . * Esteum nomen aut verbum ex prop●io loco , in ●●m transfertur , in quo aut proprium d est , 〈◊〉 sla●um prop●io melius est . Farnaby . Farnaby . Met. Efficientis . Met materiae . Met. Instrument . Met Essecli . Met. Subjecti . 〈◊〉 , Adjuncti . Met. An●eceden●is . Met. Consequontis . Met. Connext . Met. Finis * See the explication of the Termes . Met. Formae . Farnaby . Syn●c . Numeri See pag. 43. * In exercitu militum virtus quam maxime juvat . Synecd . Numeri . See p. 36. * 〈…〉 that 〈…〉 and ●is sons daughters , when it appear by the 15 , & 17. verses , that he had but an only daughter , by name Dinah , and one of his sons daughters . * Cum nomen aut verbum universale restringitur ad partem vel aliquid saliem speciale , quod per accusativum effertur . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . * Vir gregis ( i.e. ) Caper . Est autem haec in Metalepsi natura , ut inter quod transfertur sit medius quidam gradus , nihil ipse significans , sed praebens transitum ; quem Tropum magis affectamus , ut habere videamur , quàm ut ullo in loco desideremus . Farnaby . Virg. Aenoid . Virg. Aenoid . * Alicujus ougendi minuendive causa superat veritatem . Farnaby . The Glory of the odl Testament . Farnaby . * Negatio contrarii auget vim affirmationis . Farn●by . Farn●by . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farn●by . * Quod in 〈◊〉 dentes nudan●ur carne . Farn●by . Farnaby . Note that he that will understand proverbs , must mark their opposition . Prov. 21.17 . Farnaby . a ☽ b ☉ . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . See Homo●teleuton . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . * Cumter eadem recurrimus , verba inverso ordine relegentes . When we return back again by the same words , reading again the words in a clean contrary order . Farnaby . Terence , Farnaby . * Thus it is a Retreat at the end of a Parenthesis . Farnaby . Farnaby . In Symplece . a S●e Patiop●ta . b See Chronographia . Farnaby . c S●e Diatyposis . See Psal. 37.35 , 36. a It argues a Paralogism of the consequent . Farnaby . Farnaby . Cicero . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Cicero . Cicero for Archia . Farnaby . * This is called a figure of speech between two . Farnaby . Farnaby . * Hereunto is Synchoresis of kin . Farnaby . * It is a kind of a Climux . Farnaby . Terence . * This form of speech Solomon in Prov. 14 . 2● . uses 〈…〉 h●● affirmation Do they not erre that devise evill ? Farnaby . * This is f●equently usu●l in an Enthymema . Farnaby . * It is a kind of Exclamation . , Farnaby . * Epanorthosis and Aposiopesis are kinds of Revocation . Farnaby . This is also a kind of Revocation . Farnaby . Virgil. Farnaby . Cice●o . * Of this kind are Mimesis and Dialegismus . Farnaby . This Exsornation hath some affinitie with Prosopopoeia . Farnaby . * This figure adorneth and garnisheth speech as a rich wardrobe , wherein are many and sundry changes of garments to adorn one and the same person . Farnaby , A Synonymie of word● . A Synonymie of sentences . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . * Whatsoever may be more briefly signified , & is with eloquence more amply manifested , is a Periph●asis . Far●aby . * See it further in pag. 5. Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . * It is somewhat like unto Aposiopesis . Farnaby . Farnaby . Cicero against Cataline . Farnaby . Farnaby . * Articulus hath been accounted among the Ancient Rhet. a figure , but now Asyndeton . supplies its place . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . * I● is an immediate Reduction of the third person either to the first or second . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . b Trabeate the Vocat . for traheatus , the Nominative . The No. for the Genitive . The Dat. for Accul . Abl. for Dat. Edm Spencer . ch . 13. * Achilles . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Enal . Gen. a Pro qui mihi charior sum , Enal . Numeri . Enal . Modi Enal Pers. Enal Temporum . Enal . of the Number . Enal . of the Gend . Enal . of the Tense . Enal . of the Pers. Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . Farnaby . See Epistrophe . An Epigmatical Parable . The morning . The evening . Midnight . The Spr. Autumn . See Antiphrosis . Sentences . This Exornation is of kin to Aetiologia . 
A17848	----	Remaines of a greater worke, concerning Britaine, the inhabitants thereof, their languages, names, surnames, empreses, wise speeches, poësies, and epitaphes Remaines concerning Britain Camden, William, 1551-1623. 1605 Approx. 608 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 153 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A17848 STC 4521 ESTC S107408 99843109 99843109 7819 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A17848) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 7819) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 878:03) Remaines of a greater worke, concerning Britaine, the inhabitants thereof, their languages, names, surnames, empreses, wise speeches, poësies, and epitaphes Remaines concerning Britain Camden, William, 1551-1623. [8], 235, [1]; 59, [1] p. Printed by G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, At London : 1605. Dedication signed: M.N., i.e. William Camden. Printer's name from STC. The first leaf is blank. "Poems" has separate pagination and register. Subsequent editions published as: Remaines concerning Britaine. Reproduction of the original in Yale University. Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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English language -- Usage -- Early works to 1800. Vocabulary -- Early works to 1800. Great Britain -- Antiquities -- Early works to 1800. Great Britain -- Description and travel -- 1601-1700. 2007-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-07 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-10 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2007-10 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion REMAINES OF A GREATER WORKE , Concerning Britaine , the inhabitants thereof , their Languages , Names , Surnames , Empreses , Wise speeches , Poësies , and Epitaphes . AT LONDON Printed by G. E. for Simon Waterson . 1605. TO THE RIGHT WORSHIPFVLL , WORTHY , and Learned Sir Robert Cotton of Connington Knight . TEmples ( saith the auncient Aristides ) are to be dedicated to the Gods , and Bookes to Good-men . Vpon warrant of which words , and long experience of your goodnesse , Right worshipfull , this silly , pittifull , and poore Treatise was once vnaduisedly forward to haue bin dedicated to your good worship . But vpon more aduised consideration , whereas Aristides in his wisdome knew nothing but that which was good , to be seemly and sortable for goodmen , & therfore meant most certainly , that onely good Bookes are to be dedicated to good men : It recalled it selfe in good tine , for that it cannot challenge any such title either for matter or manner of handling , being only the rude rubble and out-cast rubbis● ( as you know ) of a greater and more serious worke . Whereas therefore neither in respect of it selfe it dare , neither in regarde of you it may present it selfe by way of Dedication , for that should implie honour vnto you , which it cannot bring , and require patronage from you , which it needeth not , beeing by the pittifull sillynesse thereof secured from enuie , onelie reaching at eminencie . I heere sende it vnto you in lose leaues , as fitt to be Ludibria venti : and withall submit it to your censure , not as he did Siue legi , siue tegi iusseris . Albeit I assure my selfe that you in your learned iudgement cannot but sentence it , as I haue done with this doome . Tineas pascat taciturnus inertes . From my Lodging xii . Iunii . 1603. Your worships assured M. N. Britaine WHereas I have purposed in all this Treatise to confine my selfe within the bounds of this Isle of Britaine , it cannot be impertinent , at the verie enterance , to say somewhat of Britaine , which is the onely subiect of all that is to be said , and well knowne to be the most flourishing and excellent , most renowmed and famous Isle of the whole world : So rich in commodities , so beautifull in situation , so resplendent in all glorie , that if the most Omnipotent had fashioned the world round like a ring , as hee did like a globe , it might haue beene most worthily the onely gemme therein . For the ayre is most temperate and wholesome , sited in the middest of the temperate Zone , subiect to no stormes and tempests as the more Southerne and Northerne are ; but stored with infinite delicate fowle . For water , it is walled and garded with the Oc●an most commodious for trafficke to all parts of the world , and watered with pleasant fishfull and navigable rivers , which yeelde safe havens and roads , and furnished with shipping and Saylers , that it may rightly be termed the Lady of the sea . That I may say nothing of healthfull Bathes , and of Meares stored both with fish and fowle ; The earth fertile of all kinde of graine , manured with good husbandrie , rich in minerall of coles , tinne , lead , copper , not without gold and silver , aboundant in pasture , replenished with cattell both tame and wilde , ( for it hath more par●es than all Europe besides , ) plentifully wooded , prouided with all complete provisions of Warre , beautified with many populous Citties , faire Borroughs , good Townes , and well-built Villages , strong Munitions , magnificent Pallaces of the Prince , stately houses of the Nobilitie , frequent Hospitals , beautiful Churches , faire Colleges , as well in other places , as in the two Vniversities , which are comparable to all the rest in Christendome , not onely in antiquitie , but also in learning , building , and endowments . As for governement Ecclesiasticall and Civill , which is the very soule of a kingdome , I neede to say nothing , whenas I write to home-borne , and not to strangers . But to praise Britaine according as the dignitie thereof requireth is a matter which may exercise , if not tier the happiest wit furnished with the greatest variety of learning ; and some already have busied their braines and pennes heerein with no sma●l labour and travel : let therefore these few lines in this behalfe suffice , out of an antient Writer . Britaine , thou art a gloriou●●sle , extolled and renowmed among all Nations ; the navies of Tharsis can not be compared to thy shipping bringing in all pretious commodities of the world : the Sea is thy wall , and strong fortifications doe secure thy Portes : Chivalrie , Cleargie , and Merchandize do flourish in thee . The P●sans , Genoveses , and Venetians do bring thee Saphires , Emeraldes and Carbuncles from the East : Asia serveth thee with Silke & Purple , Affrica with Cinamon and Balme , Spaine with Golde , and Germanie with Silver : Thy Weaver Flaunders dooth drape Cloth for thee of thine owne Wooll ; Thy Gascoigne dooth send thee Wine : Bucke and Doe are plentifull in thy Forrests : Droves of Cattle , and Flockes of Sheepe are vpon thy Hilles : All the perfection of the goodiust ●and is in thee : Thou hast all the Foule of the aire . In plenty of Fish thou doost surpasse all Regions . And albeit thou art not stretched out with large limites , yet bordering Nations clothed with thy Fleeces , doe woonder at thee for thy blessed plenty . Thy Swordes have beene turned into Plow-shares : Peace and Religion flourish in thee ; so that thou arte a Mirrour to all Christian Kingdomes . Adde heerevnto ( if you please ) these few lines out of a farre more antient Panegyrist in the time of Constantine the Great . O happy Britaine and more blisfull then all other Regions : Nature hath enriched thee with all commodities of heaven and earth , wherein there is neither extreame colde in Winter , nor scorching heate in Summer ; wherein there is such aboundant plenty of Corne , as may suffice both for Bread and Wine : wherein are Woodes without wilde Beasts , and the Fields without noysome Serpents ; but infinite numbers of milch Cattle , and Sheepe weighed downe with rich Fleeces : And that which is most comfortable , long dayes , and lightsome nights . So that , not without cause , it was accounted one of the fairest and most glorious Plumes in the triumphant Diademe of the Roman Empire , while it was a Province vnder the same ; and was truely called by Charles the Great , The Store-house , and Granary of the whole westerne world . But whereas the saide Panegyrist falleth into a gladsome admiration , how from hence there hath risen gratious princes , As good gods honoured throughout the whole world . That if ever , as it was lately to our glorious ioy evidently , & effectually verified in our late Soveraigne , of most deare , sacred and ever-glorious memorie QV●ENE ELIZABETH , the honour of her time , and the mirrour of succeeding ages : so with an assured confidence , wee hope it will likewise bee prooved true in her vndoubted and rightfull successor , our dread Lord and Soveraigne . That to his endlesse honour MERCIE and TRVTH , RIGHTEOVSNES and PEACE may heere kisse together ; and true RELIGION , with her attendants IOY , HAPPINES , and GLORY , may heere for ever seate themselves vnder him ; in whose person the two mightie kingdomes of England and Scotland hitherto severed , are now conioyned , and beginne to close together into one , in their most antient name of BRITAINE . If any would vndertake the honour and precedence of Britaine before other Realmes in serious maner ( for heere I protest once for all , I will passe over each thing lightly & slightly ) a world of matter at the first view would present it selfe vnto him . As that the true Christian Religion was planted heere most auntiently by Ioseph of Arimathia , Simon Zelotes , Aristobulus , yea by saint Peter , and saint Paul , as may be prooved by Dorotheus , Theod●●● , Sophronius , & before the yere of Christ 200. it was propagated , as Tertullian writes to places of Britaine ●accessa Ro●anis , whither the Romans never reached , which can not be vnderstoode , but of that parte which was afterward called Scotland . The kingdomes also are most auntient , helde of God alone , acknowledging no superiours , in no vassalage to Emperour or Pope . The power of the Kings more absolute , than in most other kingdomes , their territories very large ; for the Kings of England , beside Ireland , have commaunded from the Isles of Orkenay , to the Pyrene Mountaines , and are de iure , Kings of all France by descent . The Kings of Scotland , beside the ample realm of Scotland commands the 300 Westerne Isles , the 30. of Orkney & Schetland . Also , which was accounted a special note of maiesty in former ages , the Kings of England , with them of Fraunce , Ierusalem , Naples , and afterward Scotland , were antiently the onely annointed Kings of Christendome : which manner beganne among the Iewes , was recontinued at length by the Christian Emperors of Constantinople , with this word at the annoynting , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , Be holy ; and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Be worthie ; and from thence was that sacred ceremonie brought to vs and the other kingdomes . As for that admirable gift hereditary to the annoynted Princes of this Realme , in curing the Kings Evil , I referre you to the learned Discourse thereof lately written . Neyther would it be forgotten , that England in the opinion of the Popes ( when they swayd the world , and their authoritie was held sacred ) was preferred , because it contained in the Ecclesiasticall Division , two large Provinces , which had their severall Legatinati , whereas Fraunce had scantly one , That Scotland was by them accompted an exempt kingdome , and a Peculiar properly appertaining to the Roman Chappell . And which was accompted in that age a matter of honour , when all Christianitie in the Counsell Constance was divided into Nations , Anglicana Natio was one of the principall and no sub alterne . As also , that in times past , the Emperour was accounted Maior filius Ecclesiae , the King of France , Filius Minor , and the King of England , Filius Tertius , and Adoptivus . And so in generall Councells , as the King of Fraunce had place next the Emperour on the right hand , so the King of England on the left ; and the Kings of Scotland , as appeereth in an antient Roman Provinciall , had next place before Castil● . The Archbishops of Canterbury , who were antiently stiled Archbishoppes of Britaine , were adiudged by the Popes , tanquam alterius orbis Pontifices Maximi , and they had their place in all general Councells , at the Popes right foote . The Title also of Defensor fidei , is as honourable , and more iustly conferred vpon the Kings of England , than , either Christianissimus vpon the French , or Catholicus vpon the Spaniard . Neither is it to be omitted , which is so often recorded in our Histories , when Brithwald the Monke , not long before the Conquest busied his brain much about the succession of the Crown , because the blood Royall was almost extinguished , he had a strange vision , and heard a voyce , which forbade him to be inquisitive of such matters , resounding in his eares . The kingdome of England is Gods owne kingdome , and for it God himselfe will provide . But these , & such like are more fit for a graver Treatise than this . I will performe that I promised , in handling nothing seriously , and therfore I will bring you in some Poets , to speake in this behalfe for mee , and will beginne with olde Alfred of Beverlie , who made this for Britaine in generall , which you must not reade with a censorious eye ; for it is , as the rest I will cite , of the middle age , having heeretofore vsed all of more auntient and better times in an other worke . But thus saide he of Britaine . Insula praedives quae toto vix eget orbe , Et cuius totus indiget orbis ope . Insula praedives , cuius miretur , & optet , Delicias Salomon , Octavianus opes . For Scotland , one lately in a far higher straine , and more Poetically , sung these ; Quis tibi frugifera 〈…〉 , Aut aris gravides , & 〈◊〉 p●●dere 〈…〉 , Et nitidos auro monces , ferr●que rigent●● Deque met all●feris manantia 〈…〉 : Quaeque bea●t alias communia commoda g●●tes● For England a very olde Epigr●●●tist made these with a Prosopopoeia of Nature , the indulgent mother to England , which doth comprise as much as the best wittes can nowe conceive in that behalfe . Anglia terra ferax , tibi pax secura quietem , Multiplicem luxum merx opulenta dedit . Tu nimio nec stricta gelu , nec sydere fervens . Clementi coelo , temperieque places . Cùm pareret Natura parens , varioque favore , Divideret dotes omnibus vna locis : Seposuit potiora tibi , matremque professa Insula fis ●oelix , plenaque pacis , ●●t . Quicquid amat luxus , quicquid desiderat vsus , Ex t● proveniet , vel aliunde tibi . Accordingly it is written in the Blacke booke of the Exchequer , that our Auncestors termed England , a Store-house of Treasure , and a Paradise of Pleasure , in this verse ; Divitijsque sinum , delicijsque larem . So that not without cause Pope Innocentius the fourth , most willingly , and especially desired to see Divitias Londini , & delicias Westmonasterij . In these respects , to conclude , most truely our Lucan singeth of this our countrey ; The fairest Land , that from her thrusts the rest , As if she car'd not for the world beside , A world within herselfe vvith vvonders blest . The inhabitants of Britaine AS all the Regions with the whole worlds frame , and all therein was created by the Almightie , for his last and most perfect worke , that goodly , vpright , provident , subtile , wittie , and reasonable creature , which the Greekes call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for his vpright looke ; the Latines Homo , for that he was made of Molde ; and we with the Germains , call Man of his principall part , the mind , being the verie image of God , and a pettie world within himselfe : so he assigned in his divine providence , this so happy and worthy a region to men of answerable worth , if not surpassing , yet equalling the most excellent inhabitants of the earth , both in the endowments of minde , lineaments of bodie , and their deportment both in peace and warre , as if I would enter into discourse I could very easily shew . But overpassing their naturall inclination by heauenly influence , answerable to the disposition of Aries , Leo , and Sagittary , & Iupiter , with Mars Dominators for this Northwest part of the world , which maketh them impatient of servitude , lovers of libertie , martiall and couragious . I will only in particular note somewhat , and that summarily of the Britaines , Scottish , and English , the three principall inhabitants . The Britaines , the most antient people of this Isle antiently inhabited the same from sea to sea , whose valour and prowes is renowned both in Latine & Greek monuments , and may appeare in these two points which I will heere onely note . First that the most p●●ssant Roman forces , when they were at the highest , could not gaine of them , being but then a halfe-naked people , in thirtie whole yeares the countries from the Thames to Str●●ling . And when they had gained them , and brought them into forme of a province , they found them so warlike a people , that the Romanes levied as many Cohorts , companies , and ensignes of Britans from hence for the service of Armenia , Aegypt , Illyricum , their frontire Countries , as from any other of their Provinces whatsoeuer . As for those Britane which were farther North , and after as is most probable , called Pictes , ( for that they still painted themselues when the Southerne parts were brought to civilitie , ) they not onely most couragiously defended their libertie , but offended the Romans with continuall and most dangerous incursions . The other remainder of the Britans , which retyred themselues to west parts , now called W●●es , with like honour of fortitude , for many hundred yeares repelled the yoake both of the English and Norman slaverie . But since they were ●●ted to the imperiall Crowne of England , they have , to their iust praise , performed all parts of dutifull loyaltie and allegiance most faithfully therevnto . ] Great also is the glorie of those Britans , which in most dolefull time of the English invasion , with-drew themselves into the West parts of Gallia , then called Armorica : For they not onely seated themselves , there maugre the Romans , ( then indeede low , and neare setting , ) and the French : but also imposed their name to the countrey , held and defended the same against the French , vntill in our grandfathers memorie , it was vnited to France by the sacred bonds of matrimonie . ] Next after the Britans , the Scottishmen comming out of Ireland , planted themselves in this Islco● the North side of Cluid , partly by force , partly by fauour of the Pictes , with whom a long time they annoyed the Southerne parts , but after many blody battels amongst themselves , the Scottishmen subdued them , and established a kingdome in those parts , which with 〈◊〉 courag● and warlike prowesse , they have not onely maintained at home , but also hath purchased great honour abroad . For the French cannot but acknowledge they have seldome atchieved any honourable acts without Scottish hands , who therefore are deservedly to participate the glorie with them . As also divers parts of France , Germany , and Suitzerland , cannot but confesse , that they owe to the Scottish Nation , the propagation of good letters and Christian religion amongst them . After the Scottishmen , the Angles , Englishmen or Saxons , by Gods wonderfull providence were transplanted hither out of Germanie . A people composed of the valiant Angles , Iutes , and Saxons , then inhabiting Iutland , ●olsten , and the sea coasts along to the river Rhene , who in short time subduing the Britans , and driving them into the mountanous Westerne parts , made themselves by a most compleate conquest , absolute Lords of all the better soyle thereof , as farre as Orkeney . Which cannot be doubted of , when their English tongue reacheth so farre along the East coast , vnto the farthest parts of Scotland , and the people thereof are called by the Highland-men , which are the true Scots , by no other name then Saxons , by which they also call vs the English . This warlike , victorious , stiffe , stowt , and rigorous Nation , after it had as it were taken roote heere about one hundred and sixtie yeares , and spread his branches farre and wide , being mellowed and mollified by the mildenes of the soyle and sweete aire , was prepared in fulnes of time for the first spirituall blessing of God , I meane our regeneration in Christ , and our ingrafting into his mysticall bodie by holy baptisme . Which Beda our Ecclesiastical Historian recounteth in this manner , and I hope you will give it the reading . Gregorie the Great Bishop of Rome , on a time saw beautifull boyes to befold in the market at Rome , & demanded from whence they were ▪ answer was made him out of the Isle of Britaine Then asked he againe , whither they were Christians or no● they said no. Alas for pittie said Gregorie , that the soule 〈…〉 be Lord of such faire folkes ▪ and that they which carrie such grace in their 〈…〉 in their hearts . Then he would know of them by what name their Nation was called , and they told him 〈◊〉 , And iustly be they so called ( quoth he , ) for they haue Angelike faces , and seeme meete to be made cohair●● with the Angells in heaven . Since which time , they made such happy progresse in the Christian profession both of faith and works , that if I should but enter into consideration thereof , I should be over-whelmed with mayn tides of matter . Many and admirable monuments thereof , do every where , at home present themselves to your view , erected informer times , ( and no small number in our age , although few men note them , ) not for affectation of ●ame , or ostentation of wealth , but to the glorie of God , increase of faith , of learning and to maintenance of the poore . As for abroad , the world ca● testifie that foure Englishmen have converted to Christianitie , eight Nations of Europe , Wi●frid alias Boniface , the D●●shire-man converted the German Saxons , Franc●●●ns Hossians , and Thuringians , Willebred the Northerne man , the Frisians and Hollanders . Nicholas Braksp●● of Middlesex , who was after called Pope Hadrian the Normegians , and not long since , Thomas of W●lden of Essex , the Lit●●●ians . Neither will I heere note which strangers have noted , that England hath bred more Princes renowned for sanctitie , then any Christian Nation whatsoever . It doth also redound to the eternall honour of England , that our countrimen have twice beene schoolemaist 〈…〉 France . First when they taught the Gaules the discipline of the 〈◊〉 and after , when they and the Scottishmen first taught the French the liberall Arts , and persuaded Carelus Magnus to found the Vniversitie of Paris . They also brought into Fraunce the best lawes which the Parl●ament of 〈◊〉 and Burdeaux have now in vse . They at the lowest ebbe of learning , amazed the world with their excellent knowledge in Philosophie , and Divinitie : for that I may not 〈◊〉 of Alexander of Hales , the 〈…〉 Schoolemaster to the 〈◊〉 Doctor Thomas Aq●●● , one Colledge in Oxford brought forth in one age those foure lights of learning : Sco●us the Subtile , Bradward●ne the Profound , Okham the Invincible , and Burley the Perspicuous , and as some say , Baconthorpe the Resolute ; which Titles they hadde by the common consent of the iudiciall and learned of that and the succeeding ages . Yet their militarie glorie hath surpassed all , for they have terrified the whole world with their Armes in Syria , Aegypt , Cyprus , Spaine , Sicill , and India . They have traversed with most happy victories both France and Scotland , brought away their Kings captives , conquered Ireland and the Isle of Cypres , which King Richard the first gave frankly to Guie of Lusigni●● , and lately with a maidens hand , mated the mightiest Monarch in his owne Countries . They beside many other notable discoveries , twice compassed the whole globe of the earth with admirable successe , which the Spaniards have yet but once performed . Good Lord , how spaciously might a learned pen walke in this argument ! But lest I should seeme over prodigall in the praise of my countrimen , I will onely present you with some few verses in this behalfe , and first this Latine Rythme of the middle time in praise of the English Nation , with some close cautions . It s quilted as ●t were out of shreds of divers Poets , such as Schollers do call a Cento . Quo versu Anglorum possim describere gentem , Saepe mihi dubiam traxit sententia mentem . Sunt in amicitia percusso foedere veri . Maior at est virtus , quàm quarere , parta tu●●i . Su●● bello fortes , al●res , validique duel●●s , Aspera se● po●●tis ●●●●scant secula bellis . Sunt 〈…〉 , florent virtutis 〈◊〉 , S●d nihil est virtus , nisi cum 〈…〉 . Quid fit avaritia pestis gens Anglicanescit , Cr●scit amor dandi , quantum ipsa 〈…〉 〈…〉 prima 〈◊〉 , dare largè , 〈◊〉 virescit , Vas nisi syncerum quodcunque infundis acescit . L●uti●r est ill●s cum mensa divite cu●●us , Accedunt hilares semper super 〈…〉 . Non ibi Damaetas pauper dicit Melyb●● , In cratere meo Thetis est sociata Ly●● . Gratius ingenium datur his , & gratia m●rum , Sic norunt quàm sit du●cis ●●xtura bonorum . Anglorum cur est gens quaevis invida genti ? Summa petit livor , perflant altissima venti . And for the Scottish nation this of their owne Poet : Illa pharetratis est propria gloria Scotis , Cingere venatu saltus , superare natand● Flumina , ferre famem , contemnere frigora & ●stus : Nec fossa & muris patriam , sed Marte tueri , Et spreta incolumem vita defendere fam●● , Polliciti servare fidem , sanctumque vereri Numen amicitia , mores non munus amare . The Languages . FRom the people we will now proceede to the languages . Heere would Schollers shew you the first confusion of languages out of Moses , that the gods had their peculiar tongue out of H●●er , that brute beasts , birdes , and fishes , had their owne proper languages out of Clemens Alexandri●●● . They would teach you out of Euphorus , that there were but 52. tongues in the world , because so many soules out of Iacob descended into Aegypt , and out of Arnobius , that there were seaventie and two : Albeit Timosthenes reporteth that in Dioscurias a mart towne of Colchis , their trafficked 300. Nations of divers languages : And howsoever our Indian or American discouerers say , that in every fourescore mile in America , and in every valley almost of Peru you shall finde a new language . Neither would they omit the Iland where the people have cloven tongues out of the fabulous Narrations of Diodorus Siculus : yea , they would lash out of the Vtopian language with Volvola Barchin hema●● , la lalvola drame pagloni . whenas it is a greater glory now to be a Linguist , then a Realist . They would moreover discourse at large , which I will tell you in a word . First the British tongue or Welsh ( as we now call it ) was in vse onely in this Island , having great affinitie with the olde Galliqua of Gaule , now Fraunce , from whence the first inhabitants in all probability came hither . Afterward the Latin was taken vp when it was brought into the forme of a Proviner , about the time of Domitian , according to that notable place of Tacitus , where he reportteth that Iulius Agricola Governour heere for the Romans , preferred the Britans , as able to doe more by witte , then the Gaules by studie : Vt qui ( saieth he ) modò linguam Romanam abnuebant , eloquentiam concupiscerent . Inde etiam habitus nostri honor & frequens toga . But the British overgrewe the Latine , and continueth yet in Wales , and some villages of Cornwall intermingled with some Provinciall Latine . After the Irish tongue was brought into the Northwest partes of the Isle , out of Ireland by the auntient Scottishmen , and there yet remaineth . Lastly , the English-Saxon tongue came in by the English-Saxons on t of Germany , who valiantly and wisely performed heere all the three things , which implie a full conquest , viz. the alteration of lawes , language , and attire . This English tongue extracted out of the olde German , as most other from Island to the Alpes , is mixed as it is now , of the olde English-Saxon & N●●●●● of Latine , German , and the olde 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Latine and German-Gotish , and the Spanish of Latine , Gotish-German and Arabique , Saracen , or M●r●sq●● . And to the honour of our progenitors the English-Saxons be it spoken , their conquest was more absolute heere over the Brita●●s , than either of the Francs in Fran●c● over the G●●l●s , or the Gothes and Lombardes in Italie over the K 〈…〉 , or of the Gothes , Vandales , and Moores over the auntient Spaniards in Spaine . For in these nations much of the provinciall Latine ( I meane the Latine vsed whilest they were Provinces of the Romans ) remaineth , which they politi●ely had spread over their Empire , by planting of Colonies and enfranchising all Nations subiect vnto them . But the English-Saxon conquerors , altred the tongue which they found here wholy : so that no British words , or provinciall Latine appeared therein at the first : & in short time they spread it over this whole Iland , from the Orcades to Isle of Wight , except a few barren corners in the Western● parts , wherevnto the reliques of the Britans and Scots retyred , reserving in them both their life and their language . For certainely it is that the greatest and best parts , the East and South of Scotland , which call themselves the Lawland-men , speake the English tongue varied onely in Dialect , as descended from the English-Saxons : and the old Scottish , which is the verie Irish , is vsed onely by them of the West , called the Hechtland-men , who call the other as the Welsh call vs Sassons , Saxons , both in respect of language and originall , as I shewed before . I dare not yet heere affirme for the antiquitie of our language , that our great-great-great-grandsires tongue came out of Persia , albeit the wonderfull Linguist Ioseph Scaliger hath observed , Fader ; Moder , Bruder , 〈◊〉 &c. in the Pers 〈…〉 tongue in the very sence as we now vse th 〈…〉 . It will not be vnproper I hope to this purpose , if I note out of the epistles of that learned Ambassadour Busbeq 〈…〉 , how the inhabitants of Taurica-Ch●rson●ssus , in the vtter-most part of Europe eastward , have these words , Wind , Silver , Kor●● , Sak , Fish , Son , Apple , Waggen , Singen , 〈◊〉 , Beard , with many other in the very same sence and signification , as they now are in vse with vs , whereat I mervailed not a little when I first read it . But nothing can bee gathered thereby , but that the Saxons our progenitours , which planted themselves heere in the West , did also to their glorie place Colonies likewise there in the east . As in the Latine tongue , the learned make in respect of time , foure Idioms , the Antient , the Latine , the Roman , the Mixt : so we in ours may make the Antient English-Saxon , and the Mixt. But that you may seeme how powerable time is in altering tongues as all things else , I will set downe the Lords prayer as it was translated in sundrie ages , that you may see by what degrees our tongue is risen , and thereby coniecture how in time it may alter and fall againe . If we could set it downe in the antient Saxon , I meane in the tongue which the English vsed at their first arrivall heere , about 420. yeares after Christs birth , it would seeme most strange and harsh Dutch or Gebrish , as women call it ; or when they first embraced Christianitie , about the yeare of Christ 600. But the antientst that I can finde , was about 900. yeare since , about the yeare of Christ 700. found in an antient Saxon , glossed Evangelists in the hands of my good friend M. Robert Bowyer , written by Eadfride the eight Bishop of Lindiffar●● , ( which after was translated to Durrham , ) and divided according to the antient Canon of Eusebius , not into chapters , for Stephen Langton , Archbishop of Canturburie , first divided the holy Scriptures into chapters , as Robert Stephan did lately into verse ; and thus it is . Vren Our Fader Father thic which arth art in in heofnas heaven , Sie be gehalgud hallowed thin thin noma name . , to cymeth come thin thy ric kingdom . . Sie Be thin thy willa will sue so is as in in heofnas heaven , and and in in eortho earth . . Vren Oure hlaf lofe ofer Super - wirtlic substantiall sel give vs vs to to daeg day , , and and forg●f forgive vs vs scylda debts urna eu●es , sue so we we for for . gefan give scyldgum debts vrum oures , , and and no do inlead not led vsith vs in into custnung temptation . , Ah But gefrig deliver vrich every one from from ifle evill . . Amen . Some two hundred yeeres after , I finde this somewhat varied in two translations . Thu vre fader the eart on heofenum Si thin nama gehalgod . Cum thin ric . * Si thin willa on eorthan , swa swa on heofo num . Syle vs to daeg vrn daegthanlican dayly hlaf . And forgif vs vre gyltas trespasses swa , swa we for gifath * tham the with against vs vs agyltath have trespassed . And ne led the vs on costnung , Ac alys vs from yfle . * Si Be it it swa . so . About an hundred and three score yeeres after , in the time of king . Henry the second , I find this in time sent from Rome by Pope Adrian an Englishman , to be taught to the people . Vre fadyr in heaven rich , Thy name be halyed everlich : Thou bring vs thy michell blisse , Al 's hit in heaveny-doe , Evar in yearth beene it also : That holy bread that lasteth ay , Thou send it ou● this ilke day . Forgive ous all that we havith don , As wee forgivet vch other mon : Ne let ous fall into no founding , Ac sheild ous fro the fowle thing . Amen . Neither was there any great variation in the time of king Henry the third , as appeereth in this of that age , as I coniecture by the Character ; Fader that art in heavin blisse , Thin helge nam it wurth the blisse . Cumen & mot thi kingdom , Thin holy will it be all don , In heaven and in erdh also , So it shall bin full well Ic tr● . Gif vs all bread on this day , And forgif vs vre sinnes , Ai we do vre wider winnes : Let vs not in fonding fall , O ac fro evill thu syld vs all . Amen . In the time of king Richard the second about a hundred and odde yeeres after , it was so mollified , that it came to be thus , as it is in the Translation of Wickliffe , with some Latine wordes now inserted , whereas there was not one before . Our fadyr , that art in heaven , halloed be thy name , thy kingdom com to , be thy will done , so in heaven , and in erth : gif to vs this day our bread over other substance : and forgif to vs our dettis , as we forgeven to our detter● , and leed vs nott into temptation , but deliver vs fro evill . Amen . Hitherto will our sparkefull Youth laugh at their great grandfathers English , who had more care to do well , than to speake minion-like , and l●ft m●re glory to vs by th●ir exploiting of great actes , than we shall do by our sonnetting . Great verily was the glory of our tongue before the Norman Conquest in this , that the olde English could expresse most aptly , all the conceiptes of the minde in their owne tongue without borrowing from any . As for example : The holy service of God , which the Latines called Religion , because it knitted the mindes of men together , and most people of Europe have borrowed the same from them , they called most significantly Fan-fastnes , as the one and onely assurance and fast anker-holde of our soules health . The gladsome tidings of our salvation , which the Greekes called Evangelion , and other Nations in the same word , they called Godspel , that is , God speech . For our Saviour , which wee borrowed from the French , and they from the Latin Salvator , they called in their owne word , Haelend from Hael , that is , Salus , safetie , which we ●●tame still in Al-hael , and Was-hael , that is , Ave , Salve , Sis salvus . They could call the disciples of Christ , Leorning Cnibtas , that is , Learning Servitours . For 〈◊〉 which is now a name of worship , signified with them an Attendant , or servitour . They could name the Pharises according to the Hebrew , Sunder-halgens , as holy religious men which had sundred and severed themselves from other . The Scribes they could call in their proper signification , as Booke-men , Bocer . So they called parchment which wee have catcht from the Latine Pergamenum , Boc-fell in respect of the vse . So they could call the sacrament Haligdome , as holy iudgement . For so it is according as we receive it . They could call Fortilitie and fruitfulnesse of land significatively Eordes-wela , as wealth of the earth . They could call a Comet , a Faxed starre ; which is all one with Stella Crinita , or Cometa . So they did call the iudgement seate Domesettle . That which we call the Parlament of the French Parier to speake , they called a Witten mot , as the meeting and assembly of wise men . The certaine and inward knowledge of that which is in our minde , be it good or bad , which in the Latine word we call Conscience , they called Inwit , as that which they did inwardly wit and wote , that is , know certainely . That in a river which the Latines call Alveus , and Cana●is , and from thence most nations of Europe name the Chanel , Kanel , Canale , &c. they properly called the Streame-race . Neither in the degrees of kinred they were destitute of significative woordes ; for he whom we of a French & English compound word call Grandfather , they called Eald-fader , whom we call Great Grandfather , they called Thirdafader . So Proavus , which we call Great Great Grandfather , they called Fortha-fader , as Abavus , Fiftha-fader . An Eunuch , for whome we have no name , but from the Greekes , they could aptly name Vnstana , that is , without stones , as we vse Vnspotted for without spotte , Vnlearned , for , without learning . A Covetous man whome we so call of the French Convoitise , they truely called Git-sor , as a fore & eagre Getter , and Gatherer . That which the Latines call Abortus , and wee in many wordes , Vntimely Birth , or , Borne before the full time , they called Miss-borne . A Porter , which wee have received from the French , they could in their own word as significatively call A Doreward . I could particulate in many more , but this woulde appeare most plentifully , if the labours of the learned Gentlemen Maister Laurence Nowell of Lincolnes Inne , who first in our time recalled the studie heereof , Maister William Lambert , Maister I : Ioscelin , Maister Fr : Tate were once published . Otherwise it is to bee feared , that devouring Time , in few yeeres will vtterly swallow it , without hope of recoverie . The alteration and innovation in our tongue as in all others , hath beene brought in by entrance of Strangers , as Danes , Normans , and others which have swarmed hither , by trafficke , for new words as well as for new wares , have alwaies come in by the tyranne Time , which altereth all vnder heaven , by Vse , which swayeth most , and hath an absolute command in words , and by Pregnant wits : specially since that learning after long banishment , was recalled in the time of King Henry the eight , it hath beene beautified and enriched out of other good tongues , partly by enfranchising and endenizing strange words , partly by refining and mollifying olde words , partly by implanting new wordes with artificiall composition , happily containing themselves within the bounds prescribed by Horace . So that our long is ( and I doubt not but hath beene ) as copious , pithie , and significative , as any other tongue in Europe : and I hope we are not yet and shall not heereafter come to that which Seneca saw in his time , When mens mindes beginne once to iniure themselves to dislike whatsoever is vsuall , is disdained . They affect noveltie in speech , they recall forworne and vncuth words , they forge new phrases , and that which is newest , is best liked ; there is presumptuous and farre fetching of words . And some there are which thinke it a grace if their speech doe hover , and thereby hold the hearer in suspence : you know what followeth . Omitting this , pardon me and thinke me not overballanced with affection , if I thinke that our English tongue is ( I will not say as sacred as the Hebrew , or as learned as the Greeke , ) but as fluent as the Latine , as courteous as the Spanish , as courtlike as the French , and as amorous as the Italian , as some Italianated amorous have confessed . Neither hath any thing detracted more from the dignitie of our tongue , than our owne affection of forraine tongues , by admiring , praising , and studying them above measure : whereas the wise Romans thought no small part of their honour to consist in the honour of their language , esteeming it a dishonour to answer any forraine in his owne language . As for a long time the English placed in the Borrough townes of Ireland and Wales , would admit neither Irish nor Welsh among them . And not long since for the honour of our native tongue , Henry Fitz-Allan Earle of Arundell , in his travaile into Italie , and the Lord William Howard of Effingham , in his government of Calice , albeit they were not ignorant of other forraine tongues , would answer no strangers by word or writing , but onely in English . As in this consideration also before them Cardinall Wolsey in his ambassage into France , commaunded all his servaunts to vse no French , but meere English to the French , in all communication whatsoever . As for the Monosyllables so rife in our tongue which were not so originally , although they are vnfitting for verses and measures , yet are they most fit for expressing briefly the first conceipts of the minde , or Intentionalia as they call them in schooles : so that we can set downe more matter in fewer lines , than any other language . Neither do we or the Welsh so curtall Latine , that we make all therein Monosyllables , as Ioseph Scaliger chargeth vs ; who in the meane time forgetteth that his Frenchmen have put in their Proviso in the edict of Pacification in the Grammaticall warre , that they might not pronounce Latine distinctly , as the English common Lawyers obtained then a Reservation that they might write false Latine , and the Irish not to observe quantitie of syllables . I cannot yet but confesse that we have corruptly contracted most names both of men and places , if they were of more then two sillables , and thereby hath ensued no little obscuritie . Whereas our tongue is mixed , it is no disgrace , whe●●as all the tongues of Europe doe participate interchangeably the one of the other , and in the learned tongues , there hath been like borrowing one from another . Yet is it false which Gesner affirmeth , that our tongue is the most mixt and corrupt of all other . For if it may please any to compare but the Lords Prayer in other languages , he shall finde as few Latine and borrowed forraine words in ours , as in any other whatsoever . Notwithstanding the diversiue of Nations which have swarmed hither , and the practise of the Normans , who as a monument of their Conquest , would have yoaked the English vnder their tongue , as they did vnder their command , by compelling them to teach their children in schooles nothing but French , by setting downe their lawes in the Norman-French , and enforcing them most rigorously to pleade and to be impleaded in that tongue onely , for the space of three hundred yeares , vntill K. Edward the third enlarged them first from that bondage . Since which time , our language hath risen by little , and the proverbe proved vntrue , which so long had beene vsed , Iacke would be a gentleman , if he could speake any French. Heerein is a notable argument of our Ancestors stedfastnes in esteeming and retaining their owne tongue . For as before the Conquest they misliked nothing more in K. Edward the Confessor , than that he was Frenchified , & accounted the desire of forraine language , then to be a foretoken of the bringing in of forraine powers , which indeede happened . In like manner after the Conquest , notwithstanding those enforcements of the Normans in supplanting it , and the nature of men , which is most pliable with a curious iolitie to fashion & frame themselves according to the manners , attyre , and language of the Conquerours . Yet in all that long space of 300. yeares , they intermingled very few French-Norman words , except some termes of law , hunting , hawking , and dicing , whenas wee within these 60. yeares , have incorporated so many Latine and French , as the third part of our tongue consisteth now in them . But like themselves , continue still those old Englishmen which were planted in Ireland , in Fingall , & the Country of Weysford , in the time of K. Henry the second , who yet still continue their antient attyre and tongue , in somuch that an English gentleman not long since , sent thither in Commssion among them , said that he would quickly vnderstand the Irish , when they spake the antient English . So that our Ancestors seemed in part as iealous of their native language , as those B●itans which passed hence into Armorica in France , and marrying strange women there , did cut out their tongs , lest their children should corrupt their language with their motters tongues , or as the Germans which have most of all Nations opposed themselves against all innovations in habite , and language . Whereas the Hebrew Rabbines say , and that truly , that Nature hath given man five instruments for the pronouncing of all letters , the lips , the teeth , the tongue , the palate , and throate ; I will not denie but some among vs do pronounce more fully , some flatly , some broadly , and no few mincingly , offending in defect , excesse , or change of letters , which is rather to be imputed to the persons and their education , than to the language . Whenas generally wee pronounce by the confession of strangers , as sweetely , smoothly , and moderately , as any of the Northerne Nations of the world , who are noted to soupe their words out of the throat with fat and full spirits . This variety of pronuntiation hath brought in some diversitie of Orthographie , and heere-vpon Sir Iohn Price , to the derogation of our tongue , and glorie of his Welsh , reporteth that a sentence spoken by him in English , & penned out of his mouth by foure good Secretaries , severally , for trial of our Orthography , was so set downe by them , that they all differed one from the other in many letters : whereas so many Welsh writing the same likewise in their tongue varied not in any one letter at all . Well , I will not derogate from the good Knights credite ; yet it hath beene seene where tenne English writing the same sentence , have all so concurred , that among them all there hath beene no other difference , than the adding , or omitting once or twice of our silent E , in the end of some wordes . As for the Welsh , I could never happen on two of that Nation together , that would acknowledge that they could write their owne language . Sir Thomas Smith her Maiesties secretarie not long since , a man of great learning and iudgement , occasioned by som vncertainty of our Orthographie , though it seeme grounded vpon Sound , Reason , and Custome , laboured to reduce it to certaine heads ; Seeing that whereas of Necessity there must be so many letters in every tongue , as there are simple and single sounds , that the Latine letters were not sufficient to expresse all our simple sounds . Therefore he wished that we should have A short , and A long , bicause a in Man , and in Mân of horse hath different sounds ; E long as in Mên moderate , and e short as in Men , and an English e as in wée , thee , he , me : I long , and I short , as in Bi , per , and Bî , emere : O short , and O long , as in smōk of a woman , and smôk of the fire : V long , as in Bût , Ocrea , and V short , as in Būt , Sed : and v or y Greeke , as slu , nu , tru . For consonants he would have C be never vsed but for Ch , as it was among the olde English , and K in all other words ; for Th , he would have the Saxon letter Thorne , which was a D with a dash through the head , or ● ; for I consonant the Saxon ● , as ●et , not Ieat for Ieat-stone , ●ay for Iay : Q , if he were king of the A , B , C , should be putte to the horne , and banished ; and Ku in his place , as Kuik , not quik , Kuarel , not Quarel : Z ; he would have vsed for the softer S , or eth , and es , as dîz for dieth , liz for lies , and the same S inverted for sh , as Sal for shall , fler for flesh . This briefly I have set you downe his devise , which albeit Sound and Reason seemed to countenance , yet that Tyranne Custome hath so confronted , that it will never be admitted . If it be any glorie which the French and Dutch do brag of , that many wordes in their tongues doe not differ from the Greeke , I can shew you as many in the English ; whereof I will give you a few for a taste , as they have offred themselves in reading ; but withall , I trust you will not gather by consequence , that wee are descanded from the Graecians . Who dooth not see an identitie in these wordes , as if the one descended from the other . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to call . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a path . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to lappe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , raine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to rappe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , last . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to seethe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rash . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , new . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , grasse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , an Orchard . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to creake . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a starre . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , whole . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , foule . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a Dere . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a rodde . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rest . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the Moone . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a mill . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a treate . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a shippe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a rope . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to galloppe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ache . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a ragge . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a climbing . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , an vdder . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , whoorish sporte . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to kisse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to hang. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , earth . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a crabbe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a phoale . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a li●ke . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to cut . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to raze out . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , oker . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to mocke . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , lesse . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , an axe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to scoffe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to strowe . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a skirmish . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a Church . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a potte . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Mustaches . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a doore . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a hulke . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to you know what . With many more if a man would be so idle to gather them with Budans , Baifius , Iunius , Pichardus , and others . Heereby may be seene the originall of some english words , and the Etymology or reason whence many other are derived , beside them alreadie specified may as well be found in our tongue , as in the learned tongues , although hardly ; for that heerein as in other tongues , the truth heth hidden and is not easilie found , as both Varro and Isidor do acknowledge . But an indifferent man may iudge that our name of the most divine power , God , is better derived from Good , the chiefe attribute of God , than Deus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , because God is to be feared . So Winter from Winde , So●●er from the Sonne , Lent from springing , because it falleth in the spring , for which our Progenitours the Germans , vse Glent . The feast of Christs Rising , Easter , from the old world East , which we now vse for the place of the rising of the Sunne , Sayle as the Sea-haile , Windor or Windowe , as a doore against the winde , King from Conning , for so our Great grandfathers called them , which one word imployeth two most important matters in a Governour , Power and Skill , and many other better answering in sound and sence , then those of the Latines , Frater quasi ferè alter , Tempestas quasi Tempus pestis , Caput à capiendo , Digiti quia decentèr iuncti , Cura quia cor vrit , Peccare quasi pedam capere . Dionysius a Greeke coyner of Etymologyes is commended by Athenaeus , in his supper-gulls , table-talkers , or Deipnos●phistae , for making mowse-traps of Musteria : and verily if that be commendable , the Mint-masters of our Etymilogies , deserve no lesse commendation : for they have merily forged Mony from My-hony , Flatter from flie-at-her , Shovell from shove-full , Mayd as my ayd Mastiefe as Mase-thiefe , Staffe as Stay of , Beere , Be-heere , Symony See-mony , Stirrup , a Sayre-vp , &c. This merry playing with words too much vsed by some hath occasioned a great and high personage , to say , that as the Italian tongue is fit for courting , the Spanish for treating , the French for trafficke ; so the English is most fit for trifling and toying . And so doth Giraldus Cambrensis seem to think whenas in his time he saith , the English and Welsh delighted much in licking the letter and clapping together of Agnominations . But now will I conclude this trifling discourse with a true tale out of an antient Historian . Of the effectuall power of words , great disputes have beene of great wits in all ages ; the Pithagoreans extolled it , the impious Iewes ascribed all miracles to a name which was ingravened in the revestiarie of the Temple , watched by two brazen dogges , which one stale away and enseamed it in his thigh , as you may reade in Osorius de Sapientia , and the like in Rabi Hamas Speculation : and strange it is what Samonicus Serenus ascribed to the word ABRADACABRA , against agues . But there was one true English word of as great , if not greater force than them all , now out of all vse and will be thought for sound barbarous ; but therefore of more efficacie ( as it pleaseth Porphyrie ) and in signification it signifieth as it seemeth , no more then abiect , base minded , false harted , coward , or nidget . Yet it hath levied Armies , and subdued rebellious enemies ; and that I may hold you no longer , it is Niding . For when there was a daungerous rebellion against King William Rufus , and Rochester Castle then the most important & strongest fort of this Realm was stowtly kept against him , after that he had but proclaimed that his subiects should repaire thither to his Campe , vpon no other penaltie , but that whosoever refused to come , should be reputed a Niding : they swarmed to him immediatly from all sides in such numbers , that he had in few daies an infinite Armie , and the rebells therewith weere so terrified , that they forthwith yeelded . While I runne on in this course of English tongue , rather respecting matter then words , I forget that I may be charged by the mi●●ion refiners of English , neither to write State-English , Court-English , nor Secretarie-English , and verily I acknowledge it . Sufficient it is for me , if I have waded hither-vnto in the fourth kinde , which is plaine English , leaving to such as are compleat in all , to supply whatsoever remaineth . Christian Names . NAmes called in Latine Nomina quas● Notamina , were first imposed for the distinction of persons , which wee call now Christian names : After for difference of families which wee call Surnames , and have beene especially respected as whereon the glorie and credite of men is grounded , and by which the same is convayed to the knowledge of posteritie . Every person had in the beginning one onely proper name , as among the Iewes , Adam , Ioseph , Solomon ; among the Aegiptians , Anubis , Amasis , Busuris ; among the Chaldaeans , Ninus , Ninias , Semira●● ; among the Medians , Astiages , Bardanes , Arbaces ; among the Grecians , Diomedes , Vlisses , Orestes ; among the Romans , Romulus , Remus , Faustulus ; among the old Gaules , Litavicus , Cavarilus , Divitiacus ; among the Germans , Ariovistus , Arminius , Nassua ; among the Britans , Cassibellin , Caratac , Calgac ; among the antient English , Hengest , Aella , Kenrie , likewise among all other Nations , except the savages of Mount Atlas in Barbary , which were reported to be both namelesse and dreamelesse . The most antient Nation of the Iewes gave the name at the Circumcision the eight day after the nativitie ; the Romans to females the same day , to males the ninth day , which they called Dies lustricus , as it were the cleansing day ; vpon which day they solemnized a feast called Nominalia , and as Tertulian noteth , Fata scribenda advocabantur , that is , as I conceive , their nativitie was set . At what time other Nations in auntient times gave names I have not read : but since Christianitie , most Nations for the time followed the Iewes , celebrating baptisme the eight day after the birth , onely our Ancestours in this Realme , vntill latter time baptized , and gave name the very birth day , or next day after , following therein the counsell of S. Cyprian , in his third Epistle Ad Fidum . But the Polonians gave name in the seaventh yeare , at which time they did first cut their childrens haire . The first imposition of Names was grounded vpon so many occasions , as were hard to be specified , but the most common in most antient times among all nations , as well as the Hebrewes , was vpon future good hope conceived by parents of their children , in which you might see their first and principall wishes toward them . Whereupon Saint Hierome saith , Votiva & quasi ob virtutis auspicium imponuntur vocabula hominibus , & appellativa vertuntur inpropria , sicut apud Latines , Victor , Probus , Castus , &c. And such hopefull luckie names called by Cicero , Bona nomina , by Tacitus , Fansta nomina were ever first enrolled and ●anged in the Roman Musters ; first called out to serve at the first sacrifices , in the foundation of Colonies , as Statorius , Faustus , Valerius , which implied the persons to be stowt , happy , and valorous . As contrariwise Atrius V●●ber is accounted in I●vie , abominandi ominis nomen , an abhominable name , for that it participated in signification with dismall darkenes , dead ghosts , and shadowes . And you remember what Plautus saieth of one whose name was Lyco , that is , a Greedy Woolfe ; Vosmet nunc facit● coniectur 〈◊〉 caeterùm Quid id sit hominis , cui Lyco nomen siet . Yea such names were thought so happy and so fortunate , that in the time of Galienus one Regilianus , which commanded in Illyricum , got the Empire there , only in favour of of his name . For when it was demanded at a supper from whence Regilianus was derived , one answered , à Regno , another beganne to decline Rex , Regis , Regi , Regilianus ; whereat the souldiers ( which in all actions are forward . ) beganne with acclamation , Ergo potest Rex esse , Ergo potest regere , Deus tibi regis nomen imposuit : and so invested him with imperiall roabes . In this Isle also at Silcaster in Hamshire , Constantinus a militarie man of some reputation , in hope of his luckie name , and that he would proue another Constantinus Magnus to the good of the people , was by the Britan Armie proclaimed emperour against Henorius : who exployted great matters in his owne person in Gallia , and by his son in Spaine . So in former times the name of Antoninus in remembrance of Antoninus Pius , was so amiable among the Romans , as he was supposed vnfit for the empire , who bare not that name , vntill Antoninus Elagabalus with his filthie vices distained the same . We reade also that two Ambassadours were sent out of France into Spaine , to King Alphonse the 9 , to d●mand one of the daughters that he begat of the daughter of King Henry the second of England , to be married to their Soveraigne , King Lewes the eight : one of these Ladies was very beautifull called Vrraca , the other not so beautifull , but named Blanche . When they were presented to the Ambassadours , all men held it as a matter resolved that the choyce would light vpon Vrraca , as the elder and fairer : But the Ambassadours enquiring each of their names , tooke offence at Vrraca , and made choyce of the Lady Blanche , saying , That her name would be better received in France than the other , as signifying faire and beautifull , according to the verse made to her honour . Candida , candescens candore , & cordis , & oris . So that the greatest Philosopher Plato might seeme , not without cause , to advise men to be carefull in giving faire and happie names : as the Pythagoreans affirmed the mindes , actions , and successes of men to be according to their Fate , Genius , and Name . One also well observeth that these seven things ; Virtue , good Parentage , Wealth , Dignity or Office , good Presence , a good Christian name , with a gratious Surname , and seemely attire , doe especially grace and adorne a man. And accordingly saieth Panormitan ; Ex bono nomine oritur bona presumptio . As the common Proverb , Bonum nomen , bonum omen . The divell neverthelesse who alwayes maligneth God and goodnesse , wrought by the cruelty of Valens the emperour the destruction of many men of worth , who hadde happy names beginning with Theo signifying God , as Theodorus , Theodubis , Theodoretus , Theodosius , &c. For that diverse curious companions had found by the falling of a ring magically prepared , vpon those letters onely of all the Alphab●t , graven in a Charger of sundry mettals , and set vpon a Laurell trivet ; that one who had his name beginning with Theod , should succeede in the empire , which was verified in Theodosius not long after . In times of Christianity the names of most holy and vertuous persons , and of their most worthy progenitors were given to stir vp men to the imitation of them , whose names they bare . But succeeding ages ( little regarding saint Chrysostoms admonition to the contrary , have recalled prophane names , so as now 〈…〉 , names of vnhappy disastre are as 〈◊〉 some 〈…〉 they were in Paga●●sm●s ▪ Albeit in our late 〈…〉 of good consideration have brought in 〈…〉 Iosias , &c. as better agreeing with our saith , but without contempt of our countrey names ( as I hope ) which have both good and gratious significations , as shal appeare hereafter . Whereas in late yeeres Surnames have beene given for Christian names , among vs , and no where else in Christendome ; although many dislike it , for that great inconvenience will ensue : neverthelesse it seemeth to proceede from hearty good-will and affection of the Godfathers to show their love , or from a desire to continue and propagate their owne names to succeeding ages . And is in no wise to be disliked , but rather approoved in those which matching with heires generall of worshipful antient families have given those names to their heires , with a mindefull and thankefull regard of them , as we have now , Pickering Wott●n , Grevill Varney , Bassingburne Ga●●dy , Culthorp Parker , Pees●ll Brac●● , Fuz-Raulfe Chamberlaine , who are the hei●●s of Pickering , 〈◊〉 Bassingburn , Grevill , Calthorp , &c. For beside the continuation of the name , we see that the selfe name , yea & somtime the similitude of names doth kindle sparkles of love and liking among meere strangers . Neither can I beleeve a waiward olde man , which would say , that the giving of Surnames for Christian names first began in the time of king Edward the sixt , by such as would be Godfathers , when they were more then halfe fathers , and thereupon would have perswaded some to change such names at the Confirmation . Which ( that I may note by the way ) is vsuall in other countries , as wee remember two sonnes of king Henry the second of France , christ●●ed by the names of Alexander and Hercules , ch●●●ged them at their Confirmation into 〈◊〉 and Francis. But two Christian names are rare in England , and I only remember now his Maiesty who was named Charles Iames , as the Prince 〈…〉 and among private men , Thomas Maria Wingfield , and sir Thomas P●sth●●●us Hobby . Although it is common in Ita●●e , to adioyne the name of some Saint , in a kinde of devotion to the Christian name , as 〈◊〉 Baptista Spinalu , Iohannes Franciscns Bor●omeus , Marcus Antonius 〈◊〉 : and in Spaine to adde the name of the Saint on whose day the childe was borne . If that any among vs have named their children Remedian 〈◊〉 , Imago s●eu● , or with such like names , I knowe some will thinke it more then a vanitie , as they do but little better of the new names , Free-gift , Reformation , Earth , Dust , Ashes , Delivery , More fruite , Tribulation , The Lord is neare , More triall , Discipline , Ioy againe , From above : which have lately beene given by some to their children with no evill meaning , but vpon some singular and precise conceit . That I may omit another more vaine absurditie , in giving names and surnames of ruen , yea and of the best families to dogges , beares , and horses . Whenas wee reade it was thought a capitall crime in Pomposiamas for calling his base bondslaves by the name of grand captaines . Here I might remember how some mislike the giving of parents names successively to their heires , for that if they should be forced to proove descent , it will be hard to proove the Doner and the Done in Formedon , and to distinguish the one from the other . It were impertinent to note heere , that destinies were superstitiously by Onomantin desciphered out of names , as though the names and natures of men were sutable , and fatall necessitie concurred heerein with voluntary motion , in giving the name , according to that of Ausonius to Probus . Qualem cravit moribus , Iussit vocari nomine . Mundi supremus arbitar . And after , where he playeth with bibbing mother Mere● , as thogh she were so named , bicause she would to drink meere wine without water , or as he pleasantly 〈◊〉 it ●●rum Merum ; for as he saieth ; Qui primus Mere● 〈◊〉 tibi 〈…〉 Thesida nomen condidit Hippolit● . Nam divinare est , nomen componere , quòd 〈◊〉 Fortuna , morum , vel nocis indici●● . For Hyppolitus the sonne of Theseus was torne in 〈◊〉 by his coach horses , according to his name . So 〈◊〉 , signified he should linger long before Trey . 〈◊〉 that he should be redeemed out of bondage in his childehoode , Tantalus , that he should be most wretched , because 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the one , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in the other , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the third implieth such accidents vnto them . Hither also may be referred that of Claudius Rutilius . Nominibus certis credam decurrere mores ? Moribus aut potiùs nomina certa dari● But to confront Poet with Poet , our good Epigr 〈◊〉 Poet , olde Godfrey of Winchester thinketh no ominous forspeaking to lie in names , in that to Faustus : Multùm Fauste tua de nobilitate superbis , Quodq , bone Faustus omine nomen habes , Sed nullum nomen nomenti , sit licèt omen . Memorable is that which may be observed out of histories , how that men of the selfe same name have begun and ended great states and empires : as Cyrus the sonne of Cambises beganne the Persian Monarchy , Cyrus ●he sonne of Darius ruinated the same . Darius the sonne of Histaspes restored it . And againe , Darius the sonne of Ars●●is vtterly overthrew it . Philip the sonne of Ami●●●tas especially enlarged the kingdome of Macedonia , Philip the sonne of Antigonus wholy lost the same . Augustus was the first established emperour of Rome , Augustulus the last . Constantinus Magnus borne in this Isle first beganne the Empire of Constantinople , Constantinus the last left it to the Turkes , and vtterly lost the same , &c. Such 〈◊〉 curions observations bred the superstitious kinde of Divination called 〈◊〉 , condemned by the last generall Counsell , by which the Pithagoreans iudged the even number of vowells in names to signifie imperfections in the left sides of men , and the odde number in the right . By this Augustus the emperour encouraged himselfe , and conceived good hope of victory , whenas the night before the sea-battell at Actium , the first man hee mette was a poore waysa●ing man driving his asse before him , whose name when hee demaunded , he answered , Eutyches , that is , Happyman ; and that his asses name was Nicon , that is , Victor . In which place when he accordingly had obtained the victory , he builded the Cittie Nicopolis , that is , the citty of Victory , and there erected brasen Images of the man and his asse . By this Theodatus king of the Gothes , when he was curious to knowe the successe of his warres against the Romans , an On●manticall or Name-wisard Iew willed him to shut vp a number of swine in little hog-sties , and to give some of them Roman names , to other Gotish names , with severall markes , and there to leave them to a certaine day ; At the day appointed , the king with the Iew repaired to the hog-sties , where they found them only dead to whom they had given the Gotish names , and those alive to whom they had given the Roman names , but yet with their brissels more then halfe shed . Whereupon the Iew foretolde , that the Gothes should wholy be discomfited , and the Romans should loose a great part of their forces . By this Vespasian was incouraged to take vpon him the empire , when comming to the Temple of Serapi● at Alexandria , and being there alone at his devotion , he sodainly sawe in a vision , one Basilides , a noble man of Aegypt , who was then foure score miles off . Vpon which name of Basilides derived from Basileus , signifying a King , hee assured himselfe of royaltie , and the empire which hee then complotted for . As concerning this On●mantia a German lately set foorth a Table , which I wish had beene suppressed , for that the divell by such vanities , doth abuse the credulitie of youth to greater matters , and sometimes to their 〈…〉 . I can not tell how you would like it if I should 〈◊〉 remember how the Greekes superstitiously iudged them more happy , in whose names the numerall letters added together made the greater summe , and therefore Achilles forsooth must needes vanquish Hector , because the numerall Greeke letters rose to a greater number in his name then in the others . Or how the amorous Romans kissed the Cup with a health so often at their meetings , as there were letters in their Mistresse names , according to that of merry Martiall of his two wenches , Navia which had six letters , and Iustina that had seaven in her name ; Navia sex cyathis , septem Iustina ●ibatur . Our Nation was farre from those and such curious 〈◊〉 therefore heere will I overpasse them , and set downe Alph●betically the names which wee now call Christian names , most vsuall to the English Nation , with their significations . For this is to be takē as a granted veritie , that names among all nations and tongues ( as I partly noted before ) as significative and not vaine senselesse sounds . Among the Hobrew●s it is certaine out of sacred Scriptures , S. Hicrome , and Philo likewise among the Greekes , Romans , German , French , &c. yea among the barbarous Turks , for with them M●●emet signifieth glorified or laudable , H●mar lively , Abdall● Gods servant , Seliman peaceable , Agm●● good , Ha●iza readie . Neam● pl●asant . And the savages of Hispa●●la and all America , name their children in their owne languages , Glistering light , Sunne bright , Gold-bright , Fine gold , Sweete , Rich feather , &c. as they of Congo , by names of birdes , pretious stones floures , &c. So that it were grosse ignorance and to no ●mall reproach , of our Progenitours , to thinke their names onely nothing significative , because that in the daily alteration of our ●ong , the signification of them is lost , or not commonly knowne , which yet I hope to recover , and to make in some part knowne , albeit they cannot easily and happily be 〈◊〉 , because as 〈◊〉 noteth ; Barberous name● ( as hee terme th● them , ) were very emphaticall and very short . But in all the significations of these names , you shall see the good and hopefull respects which the devisers of the names had , that there is an Orthetes or certitude of names among all Nations according to Plate , and thereby perceive that many were translated out of the Greeke and Latine . With all we may make this fruit by consideration of our names , which have good , hopefull , and luckie significations , that accordingly we do carrie and conforme our selves ; so that wee faile not to be answerable to them , but be Nostri nominis homines , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as Severus , Preb●s , and Aur●●lus are called Sui nominis imporatores . And accordingly it seemeth to have beene the manner at giving of names , to wish the children might performe and discharge their names , as when Gunthr●● King of the French , named Clatharius at the font , he said ; Crescat puer , & huius sit nominis executer . But before I proceed farther , this is to be noted . In most antient times the Britans had heere their peculiar names , for the most part taken from colours , ( for they vsed to pain● themselves ) which are now lost or remaine among the Welsh . Afterward they tooke Roman names when they were Provincialls , which either remaine corrupted among them , or were extinguished in the greatest part of the Realme , after the entrance of the English Saxons , who brought in their German names , as Cridda , Ponda , Oswald , Edward , Vchtred , Edmund , &c. Then to say nothing of the Danes , who no doubt brought in their names , as Suayn , Harold , Knute , &c. The Normans conquest brought in other German names , for they originally vsed the German tong , as William , Henry , Richard , Robert , Hughe , Roger , &c. as the Greeke names , A●labius , i. Innocent , Aspasious i. Delightful , Beëthius , Symmachus . i. Helper , Texetius . i. Archer , &c. were brought into Italy after the division of the Empire . After the Conquest , our Nation ( who before would not admitte st●●nge and vnknowne names , but avoyded them therefore as vnluckie ) by little and little beganne to vse Hebrew and sacred names , as Mathew , David , Sampson , Luke , 〈…〉 , &c. which were never received in Germany , 〈…〉 the 〈◊〉 of Frederick the second , about some 300. yeares since . So that the Saxons , Danish , Norman , and British tongues . are the fittest keyes to open the entrance for searching out of our antient names yet in vse . For the Hebrew I wil follow the common tables of the Bible , which every one may do as well , and Philo Do nominibus mutatis . For the Greeke the best Glossaries with mine owne little skill . For the Welsh , I will sparingly touch them , or leave them to the learned of that Nation . But for old English names , which heere are the scope of my care , I must sift them as I may out of old English - Saxon treatises , as I have happened vpon heere and there : and some coniecturally , referring all to the iudgement of such , as shall be more happy in finding out the truth , hoping that probability may either please , or be pardoned by such as are modestly learned in histories and languages ; to whose iudgement in all humilitie , I commit all that is to be said . For that they cānot but observe the diversity of names , from the originall in divers languages , as how the French have changed Petrus into Pierre , Iohaunes to 〈◊〉 , Benedictus to Beneist , Stephanus to Esti●n , Radulphus to R●●l : how the Italians have changed Iohannes into Giovanni , Constans into Gostante , Christopherus into Christophan● , Iacobus into Iacope , Radulphus into Ridulpho , Laurentius into Lorenz . How the Welsh have altered Ioannes into Even , Aegidius into Silim , George into Sior , Lawrence into Lowris , Constantinus into Custenith . How the English have changed Gerrard into Garret , Albric into Aubry , Alexander into Sanders , Constantin into Custance , Benedict into Bennet . How the English and Scottish borderers do vse Roby and Rob for Robert , L●kky for Luke , Io●ie and Ionie for Iohn , Cristie for Christopher , &c. That I may omit the Spaniard which have turned Iohn into Iuan , and Iacobus into Iago and Diego : as the Germans which have contracted Iohannes into House , and Theodoric into Doric . These and the like , whosoever will learnedly consider , will not thinke any thing strange which shal hereafter follows ; howsoever the vnlearned will boldly censure it . I had purposed heere , lest I might seeme heereafter to lay my foundations in the sands of coniecture , and not on grounds of truth and authoritie , to have given you the signification of such words as offer themselves most frequent in the compositions of our meers English names , viz. Ael Al Aelf Ard Ar Bert Bald Cin Cuth Ead Fred Gisle Gund Hold Helm Hulph Hare Here Leod Leof Mer Mund Rad Red Rod Ric Sig Stan Theod Ward Wald Weld Wi Will Win , &c. And these not out of suppositive coniectures , but out of Alfricus Grammer , who was a learned Archbishop of Canterbury , well neere six hundred yeare since , and therefore not to be supposed ignorant of the English tongue , out of the English-Saxon Testament , Psalter , and Lawes , out of Willeramus Paraphrasis vpon the Canticles , and the learned Notes thereon by a man skilfull in the Northerne tongues , as also out of Beatus Rhonanus , M. Luther , Dasipodius , Killianus , who have laboured in illustration of the old German tongue , which vndoubtedly is the matrix and mother of our English . But I thinke it most fitting to this purpose , to shew those my grounds in their proper places heereafter . In the Table following . Gre. noteth the name to be Greeke ; Germ. German , Lat. Latine , Fre. French , Hebr. Hebrew , Brit. Welsh , Sax. Saxon , or old English . Vsuall Christian names . ARAON , Heb. a Teacher , or Mountaine of sortitude . ABEL , Heb. Iust . ADAM , Heb. Man , 〈◊〉 , or red . ADOLPH , s●e Eadulph . ADRIAN , 〈◊〉 Hadrian . ALAN , is thought by Iuhas Scaliger ( some of whose progenitors bare that name ) to signifie an hownd in the Sclavonian tongue , and Chancer vseth 〈◊〉 in the same sense : neither may it seem strange to take names from beasts . The Romanes had their Caninius , Apur , Asinus , &c. and 〈…〉 , Lup●●Vrsula . But whereas 〈…〉 into England with Alan earle of Britaine , to whome the Conqueror gave the greatest part of 〈◊〉 , and hath 〈◊〉 most common since that time in the Northern parts , in the yonger children of the noble house of Percies , and the family of Zouch , descended from the Earles of Britaine ; I would feeles it rather out of the British , than 〈◊〉 tongue , and will beleeve with an 〈…〉 from Aeliamus , that is , Sunne-bright , as they 〈…〉 into Guida● . 〈…〉 and hope 〈…〉 , wealth and might , as Plutarchus , Architas , Crates , Craterus , Polycrates , Pancratius , with the Greekes , Regulus Opimius , &c. with the Latines . The king of the Gothes , which sacked Rome bearing his name , was called by the Romans Allaricus , the olde Englishmen turned it into Alric , the Normans into Aiberic . That Ric , as it signified a kingdome , so also it signified , rich , wealthy , mighty , able powerful , attributes to a kingdome ; the word yet remaines in that sence among all the German nations dispersed in Europe , and little mollisied dooth sufficiently proove . The Italians receiving it from the Longobardes , have turned it into Ricco , the Spaniards from the Gothes into Rico , the French from the Frankes into Richo , we from the Saxons into Rich , &c. Fortunatus Venantius , who lived about a thousand yeares since , translated it by Potens , and Fortis in these verses to Hilperic king of Fraunce : Hilperice potens , si interpres barbarus adsit , Adiutor fortis hoc quoq , nomen habet . Nec fuit in vanum sic te vocitare parentes , Praesagum hoc totum laudis , & omen erat . As that Hilperic did signifie , puissant and mightie helper . This name is vsually written Chilperic , but the C was set before the Coning , that is , King , as in Clotharius , Clodovens , Cheribertus , for Lotharius , Lodovaeus , Heribertus . Aubry hath beene a most common name in the honorable familie of Vere earles of Oxford . ALBAN , Lat. White , or High , as it pleaseth other . The name of our Stephen and first Martyr of Britaine . ALVVIN , Sax. All victorious , or Winning all , as Victor and Vincontius , in Latine Nicetas and Nicophorus . The Yorkeshireman , which was Schoolemaister to Carolus Magnus , and perswaded him to found the Vniversitie of Paris , is in an English-Saxon treatise called Alwin . But the French , as it seemeth , not able to pronounce the w , called him Alcumus , and Albinus . ALBERT , Germ. All-bright , as Epiphanius , Phaedrus , Eudoxus with the ●racians : Lucilius , Illustrius , Fulgentius , with the Latines , Beert and Bert , as Alfricus , and Rhenamus do translate it , is famous , faire , and cleare . Which the rather I beleeve , for that Bertha a German Lady sent into Greece , was there called Eudoxia in the same sence , as Luitprandus reporteth . They moreover that in auntient Bookes are written Ecbert , Sebert , Ethelbert , in the latter are written Echright , Sebright , Ethelbright : So that , Bert in composition of names dooth not signifie Beard , as some translate it . AELFRED , Sax. All peace , not varying much in signification from Irenans . Eal , Ail , Ael in old English compound names is answerable to Pan and Pam in Greek names , as Pamphilus , Pammachius , Panaetius , Pantalcon , &c. ALDRED , Sax. All reverent feare . ALEXANDER , Gre. Succour-man , or Helper of men . ALPHONS , if it be a German name , and came into Spaine with the Gothes , a German nation , it is as much as Holfa●s , that is , Our helpe , and probable it is to be a Gotish name , for Alphens the first king of Spaine of that name Anno 740 was descended from the Gothes . AMERY , in Latine Almaricus , from the German Emerich , that is , alwayes rich , able , and powerfull , according to Luther : the French write it Aumery , as they of Theoderic , Henric , Frederic , make Terrey , Henry , Frery . AMBROSE , gr●● Divine , Immortall . AMIE , from the French Amiè , that is , Beloved , and that from Amatus , as Renè from Renatus . The erles and dukes of Savoy which be commonly called Aimè , were in Latine called Amadeus , that is , Loving God , as Theophilus , and so was that erle of Savoy called , which did homage to king Henry the third of England for Bourg in Bresse , Saint Maurice in Chablais , Chasteau Bard , &c. which I note for the honour of England . We doe vse now Amias for this in difference from Amie the womens name . Some deduce Amias from Aemilius the Roman name , which was deduced from the Greeke Aimulios , Faire spoken . ANANIAS , heb . The grace of the Lord. ANDREVV , gre : Manly , or Manfull Freculphus turneth it Decorus , Comely and Decent ; I know not vpon what ground . See Charles . ANARAVD , brit . corrupted from Honoratus , that is , Honorable . ANGEL , gre : a Messenger . ANTHONIE , gre : as Anthoros , flourishing , from the greeke Anthos a floure , as Florens and Florentius with the Latines , and Thales , Euthalius with the Greekes . There are yet some that drawe it from Anton a companion of Hercules , ANSELM , germ : Defence of Authoritie , according to Luther . Whether this name came from the Gotish word Anses , by which the Gothes called their victorious Capitaines as Demi-gods , I dare not determine : yet Ansbert , Ansegis , Answ●ld , Germane names , and Ansketel vsed much in the antient house of the Mallories seeme to descend from one head . ARCHEBALD , vide Erchenbald . ARFAST , Sax. Goodly-man [ Alfricus . ] ARNOLD , ger : Honest , but the Germans write Ernold . Probus in Latine [ Luther . ] It hath beene common in the old familie of the Boyses . ARTHVR , a Latin name in Iuvenal drawne from the goodly fixed starre Arcturus , and that from Arctus is the Beare , as Vrsicinus amongst the Romanes . The famous Arthur made this name first famous amongest the Brittaines . AVGVSTINE , Latine , ●ncreasing , or Maiesticall from Augustus , as Victorinus , Iustinus , Constantinus diminutives from Victor , Iustus , Constans , according to Molinaeus . One observeth that adoptive names doe end in anus , as Aemilianus , Domitianus , Iustinianus , adopted by Aemilius , Domitius , Iustinus [ Lilius Giraldus . ] B BALDVVIN , Ger. if we beleeve Luther , Speedie Conquerour , if Rhenanus , and Lipsius , Victorious power . But whereas Iornandes , cap. 29. sheweth that king Alaric was surnamed Baldh id est , Audax : for that he was bold and adventurous , and both Kilianus , and Lipsius him selfe doth confesse , that it was antiently in vse , for Bold and confident , Baldwin must signifie Bold victor , as Winbald , the same name inverted , Ethelbald nobly bold , Willibald very bold and confident , concurring somewhat in signification with Thraseas , Thrasimachus , Thrasibulus , Thrasillus of the Graecians . So all the names wherein Win is found , seeme to imply victorie , as Tatewin , Learned victor , Bertwin , Famous victor , Earlewin , Glorions or honourable victor , and Vnwin , yet amongst the Danes for invincible [ Ionas Turson ] as Anicetus in Greeke . Accordingly we may iudge that most names wherein Win is found , to resemble the Greeke names , Nicetes , Nicocles , Nichomachus , Nicander , Polynices , &c. which have Nice in them . BAPTIST , gre : A name given to S. Iohn , for that he first baptized , and to many since in honor of him . BARDVLPH , Ger. from Bertulph .i. faire helpe , Viph , Wolf , Hulf , Aelf , Hilp , Helf , signifie Help , as Luther and others assure vs. So Aelfwin-Victorious helpe , Aeelfric Rich or powerfull helpe , Aelfwold Helping Governour , Aelfgiva Helpe-giver . Names conformable to Boetius , Symmachus , &c. BARTHOLMEVV , Hebr. the sonne of him that maketh the waters to mount , that is , of God which lifteth vp the minde of his teachers , and droppes downe water [ Szegedinus . ] BARNABAS , or Barnabie , Heb. sonne of the Master , or Sonne of Comfort . BARVCH , Hebr. the same which Bennet , blessed . BASIL , Gre. Royall , Kingly , or Princely . BEDE , Sax. He that praieth , or a devout man , as Eucherius , or Eusebius in Greeke . We retaine still Bedman in the same sence , and to say our bedes , is but to say our praiers . BEAVIS , may seeme probably to be corrupted from the name of the famous Celtique King Bellovesus . Wher●as the French have made in like sort Beavois of the olde Cittie Bellovacum . In both these is a significancie of beautie . In latter times Boge hath beene vsed in Latine for Beavis . BENET , Lat. contracted from Benedictus . i. Blessed . BENIAMIN , He. The son of the right hand , or Filius dierum , [ Phil● : ] See Ioseph . li. 1. Archaielogias . BERNARD , Germ. Saint Bernardes Cluniac Monks drew it from Bona Nardus , by allusion , some turne it Hard child , in which sence Barne is yet retained with vs in the North. If it be derived as the Germans wil have it from Bearne , which signifieth a Beare , it is answerable to Arthur . Others yet more iudicially translate Bernard , into Filialis indoles , Childe-like disposition toward parents , as Bernher , Lord of many children . It hath been most common in the house of Brus of Connigton and Exton . Out of the which the Lord Harrington of Exton , and Sir Robert Cotton of Connington are discended , as his most excellent Maiestie from Robert Brus , eldest brother to the first Bernard BERTRAN , for Bertrand , Faire and pure ; some thinke that the Spaniards have with sweeter sound drawne hence their Fernando and Ferdinando . BLASH , Gr. Budding forth , or Sprewting with encrease . BONIFACE , Lat. Well doer , or Good and sweete face : See Winefrid . BONAVENTVRE , Lat. Good adventure , as Eutychius among the Greekes , Paustus and Portunatus among the Latines , BOTOLPH , Sax. contracted into Botall , Helpe shippe , as Saylers in that age were called Botescarles . In parte it is answereable to the Greeke names , Nauplins , Naumachius . &c. BRIAN , Fre. written in old bookes , Briant and Brient , Shrill voyce as among the Romans Voconins , [ Nicotius ] BALTHASAR , heb . Searcher of Treasure , or without treasure . C CALER , Heb. Hearty , Philo. CALISTHENES , Gre. Beautifull & strong . CARADOC , Bri. Deerely beloved . Quaere . CEASAR , This came a late to be a Christian name among vs. Spartianus saith it was first given for killing of an Elephant , which in the Moores language is called Caesar , or that he was cut out of his mothers woombe , or borne with a bush of haire , or grey eyes . Such variety of opinions is concerning a name , which as he saith , Cum ●ternitate mundi duratur●●● . CHARLES , Germ. according to I. Du Tillet , from Carl , that is , strong , stowt , couragious , and valiant , as Virius , Valerius , Valeus , &c. with the Romans , Craterus , &c. with the Greekes ; not from the Greeke Charilans , which signifieth Publicola , the Claw-backe of the people . The Hungarians call a king by a generall name Carl [ Aventinus . ] . And Carl is onely in the coines of Carolus Magnus , Ful. Scaliger makes Caellman Carlman answerable to the Greeke Andreas . CHRISTOPHER , Gre. Christe-carrier , a name , as learned men thinke , devised , and a picture thereunto mystically applied as a representation of the dueties of a true Christian , and was as their Nosce teipsum . Of such mystical Symboles of the Primitive Christians ; See Ioseph Scaliger ad Freherum . CHRYSOSTOME , gre : Golden-mouth . CLEMENS , lat : Meeke , Milde and Gentle. CONSTANTIN , Lat : Fast , or Firme , for which in some partes of the realme we vse Custance . CONRAD , germ : Able-counsell , or Advised valour , as Iulius Scaliger will Exercitat . 256. But heere is to be noted , that Rad , Red , and Rod signifie counsell and advise . [ Luther , Alfricus , Killian ] and differ onely in Dialect , as Stan , Sten , Stone . And this appeereth by that which the Northerne men cried when they killed Walter bishop of Duresme , Short Rad , good Rade , quell yee the Bishop , that is , Short councell , Good councell , &c. [ M. Paris . ] CORNELIVS , Lat : All drawe it from Cornis an horne . CVTHBERT , Sax. Not Cut-beard , as some fable , but famous , bright , and cleare skill or knowledge , according to the olde verse ; Quique gerit certum Cuthbert de luce vocamen . No man doubteth but Cuth signified knowledge , as vncuth vnknowne ; So Cuthwin skilfull victor , Cuthred , skilfull in counsell . CYPRIAN , gre : from Cypria , a name of Venus , so named of the Isle of Cyprus , where she was especially honoured . CADVVALLADER , Brit : A warrelike name , deduced from Cad , that is , Battaile , as it seemeth : but I referre it to the learned Britans . CRESCENS , Lat : Increasing . D DANIEL , Hebr. Iudgement of God. DAVID , Hebr. Beloved . DEMETRIVS , Ger. belonging to Ceres . DENIS , Gr. for Dronisius , which some fetch from Dios nous , s. divine mind . It is one of the names of the drunkard Bacehus , & derived by Nonnus in his Dionysiacis , from Iupiter his lame leg , for Nises signifieth , saith he , lame in the Syrian tongue : and we will imagine that Iupiter halted when Bacehus was enseamed in his thigh But Saint Denis of Fraunce hath most graced this name . DRV , in Lat Drugo , or Dr●g● Subtile , as Callidius in Latin if it come from the Saxon or German ; but if it bee French , Lively and Lustie [ Ni cetius ] DVNSTAN , Sax. One that writeth S. Dunstans life , saith the name is answerable to Aaron●s . Mountaine of fortitude . That Dun with the old English signified a mountain or high hill , is apparant that they called mountaine man Dunlettan , and Downe continueth in the like sence with vs. Others suppose it to signifie Most high , as among our Ancestors Leofstan signified Most beleved , Betstan , Best of al , Fridstan , most peacefull , &c. Stan being the most vsuall termination of the Superlative degree . E EADGAR , Sax for Eadig●ar , Happy , or blessed honor , or power , for I find it interpreted in an old history Faelix potestas The last verse of Ethelwardus historie seemeth to proove the same , and Eadigi ( for the which Ead was vsed in composition , ) is the word in the c. of saint Math. in the English Saxon testament , so oftē●terated , for Blessed in the Beatitudes . That Ear , or Ar , signifie Honor , it appeareth in the Saxon lawes , and in Ionas Turson Danish Vocabulary , as Artic & Earlic , Honourable . And from honor commeth our honourable name of Earles , which came hither with the Danes , as may be gathered out of Ethetwerdus . EDMVND , Sax. for Eadmund , Happy , or blessed , peace : Our Lawyers yet doe acknowledge Muna for Peace . in their word Mundbzeck , for breach of Peace . So Aelmund all peace , Kinmund , Peace to his kinred , Ethelmund noble peace ; yet I know that some translate Mund by Mouth , as Pharamund , True Mouth . EADVLPH , Sax. Happy helpe . EADVVIN , Happy victor . EDVVARD , in Sax. coins Eadward , happy keeper . The Christian humilitie of King Edward the Confessor , broght such a credit to this name , that since that time it hath beene most vsuall in all estates . That Ward signifieth a Keeper , is apparant by Wood ward . Mill-wara , &c. EALDRED , Sax. All reverent feare . EALRED , Sax All Councell . EBVLO , See Thell . EGBERT , or rather Ecbert , Sax. Alwaies bright , famous for ever , as the olde English called Everlasting life , Ec-life . ELLIS , Heb. corruptly for Elias , Lord God. ELMER , Sax. Contracted from Ethelmer , Noble and renowened : For Willeranus translateth 〈◊〉 , by Celebris and Famosus . So Merwin renowmed Victor , Merwald renowmed Governour . Yet I know B. 〈◊〉 turneth Mier & Mere by Governor . Cap. vlt. Rer. Ger. EMANVEL , Heb. God with vs. EMERY , See Amery . ENION , Brit. From Aen●●s as some thinke , but the British Glossarie translateth it Iustus .i. Iust and vpright . ENGELBERT , Germ. Bright Angell . ERASMVS , Gr. Amiable , or to be beloved . ERCHENBALD , Ger. Powerfull , bold , and speedie learner , or observer [ Dasypodius . ] ERNEST , Germ. in Casar Ariovistus , Severe [ A●entinus . ] in the 〈◊〉 sence we still retaine it . ESAY , Heb. Reward of the Lord. ETHELBERT , or Edlebert , Noble bright , or nobly renowmed , for Ethel or Adel , signifie in Germany , Noble . From whence happily Athalric King of the Gothes had his name . From hence it was that the heires apparant of the Crowne of England , were surnamed Etheling .i. Noble borne , and Clito .i. Inclitus ; as in the declining estate of the Roman Empire , the heires of Emperours were called Nobilisssimi : hence also the Spaniards which discended from the German Gothes , may seeme to have partly borrowed their Idal-guie , by which word they signifie their noblest gentlemen . ETHELRED , Sax. Noble advise and Councell . ETHELARD , Sax. For which we now vse Adelard , Noble disposition . E●HEL●●AN , Sax. Noble jewell , 〈…〉 , or , most noble . ETHELVVARD , Sax. Now Ae●ward , Noble Keeper . ETHELVVOLD , Sax. Noble Governour , for the old booke of S. Augustines in Canterbury . Wileranus and Luther do agree that Wold & Wald doth signifie Praefectus a Governour . So Bertwold and Brightwold Famous Governour , Kinwald , Governour of his kinred . ETHELVVOLPH , Sax. Noble helper . EVERARD , ger . Wel reported , as Gesnerus writeth , like to Eudoxus of the Greekes : but other with more probabilitie deduce it from Eberard .i. excellent or supreme towardnes . A name most vsuall in the ancient familie of the Digbyes . EVSEBIVS , gre . Pious and religious godly-man . EVSTACE , gre . Seemeth to be drawne from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifieth Constant , as Constantinus ▪ but the former ages turned it into Eustachius in Latine . EVAN , See Ivon . EVTROPIVS . gr . Well mannered . EZECHIAS , Heb. Strength of the Lord. EZECHIEL , Heb. Seeing the Lord. F FABIAN , from Fabius , who had his name from beanes , as Valerian from Valerius Fabianus bishop of Rome , martyred vnder Decius , first gave reputation to this name . FOELIX , Lat : Happy , the same with Macarius among the Graecians . FLORENCE , Lat : Flourishing , as Thales with the Greekes , Antonius with the Latines . FRANCIS , g●rm : from Franc , that is , Free , not servile , or bond . The same with the Greeke Eleutherius , and the Latine Liberius . FREDERIC , germ : Rich peace , or as the Monk which made this allusion , Peaceable raigne . Est ●●ibenda fides rationi nominis huius Composit● Frederic , 〈◊〉 componentia cuius . S●●t FRIDERIC , Frith , ꝙ nisi pax , Ric ꝙ nisi regnū . Sic per 〈◊〉 Fredericus , quid nisi vel rex , Pacificus vel regia pax ? pax , pacificusque . For 〈◊〉 , th' English have commonly vsed Frery and Fery , which hath beene now a long time a christian name in the antient family of Tilney , and luckie to their house , as they report . FREMVND , Sax : Free-peace . FOVLK , or FVLKE , germ : Some derive it from the German Vollg , Noble and Gallant . But I from Folc , the English-Saxon woorde for people , as though it were the same with Publius of the Romanes , and onely translated from Publius , as , beloved of the people and commons . FVLBERT , Sax : Full bright . FVLCHER , Sax : Lord of people . FERDINANDO , See Beriram . This name is so variable , that I can not resolve what to say : for the Spaniards make it Hernand , and Hernan , the Italians Ferando , and Ferante , the French Ferrant , which is now become a surname with vs , and the Latines Ferdinandus : vnlesse wee may thinke it is fetcht by transposition from Fred , and Rand , that is , Pure peace . G GA●RIEL , ●ebr . Man of God , or Strength of God. GAMALIEL , hebr . Gods rewarde , as Deodatus , Theodorus , and Theodosiu● . GARRET , for GERARD , and GERALD : See Everard , for from thence they are de●●rted , if we beleeve Ges●erus . But rather Gerard may seeme to signifie , All 〈◊〉 , as 〈◊〉 , All truth , Gerwin , All victorious , and the German nation is so named , as All and fully men . GAVVEN , a name devised by the author of king Arthurs fable , if it be not Walwin : See Walwin . GEORGE , gre : Husbandman , the same with Agricola , a name of speciall respect in England , since the victorious King Edward the third chose Saint George for his Patro●●c , and the English in all encounters , and batt●●les , vsed the name of Saint George in their cries , as the French did , M●●ti●y S. Denis . GEDEON , Heb : A Breaker , or Destroyer . GERMAN , Lat : of the same stocke , Tr●e , no counterfeit , or a naturall brother . S. German , who suppressed the Pelagian heresie in Brittaine , about the yeere 430. adva●●ced this name in this Isle . GERVAS , Ger●●sius in Latine , for Gerfast , ( as some Germans coniecture ) that is , All sure , firme , or fast . If ●● be so , it is onely C●●stans translated . But it is the name of a 〈◊〉 who suffered vnder Nero at Ma●lai●● , who if hee were a 〈…〉 was , it may signifie Grave & Antient , or Honourable , as wrested from Gero●sius . GEFFREY , Ger. from Gaufred , Ioyfull peace . Kilianus translateth Gaw . Ioyfull , as the French doe Gay . That Fred and Frid , doe signifie peace , is most certaine , as Fred-stole . i. Pacis cathedra . See Frederic . GILBERT germ . I supposed heretofore to signifie Gold-like-bright , as Aurelius or Aurelianus : or yellow bright , as Fl●vius with the Romans . For Geele is yellow in old Saxon , & still in Dutch , as Gilvus according to some in L●tin . But because it is written in Dooms-day booke ▪ G●sl●bert . I iudge it rather to signifie Bright or brave pledge ; for in old Saxon , Gisle signifieth a pledge , & in the old English booke of S. Augustines of Canterbury , sureties and pledges for keeping the peace are called Fredgisles . So it is a well fitting name for children whi●h are the onlye sweet pledges and pawns of love between mā & wife , & accordingly called Dulcia pignora & Pignora amoris . GILES , is miserably disjoynted from Aegidius , as Gillet from Aegidia , by the French , as appeareth in lustories by the name of Duke of Rollos wife . It may seeme a Greeke name , for that S. G●●es , the first that I have read so named , was an Athenian , and so drawne from Aigidion , that is , Little Kid , as we know Martia●us Capell . had his name in like sense ; ●or some no●●sse probably fetch Giles from Iulius , as G●●ha● from Iuliana . GODFREY , ger . From Godfred , Gods-peace , or god●v ; for the D●nes call godlines Gudfreidhed . [ Ionas Turson ] GODARD ger . Strength of God , or Gods-man as Gabriel according to Luther . But I thinke it rather to signifie Godly disposition or toward●es , for Ard and Art in the German tongue , do signifie Towardnes , aptnes or disposition . As Mainard , powerfull disposition , Giffard , Liberal dispositiō , as Largus ; Bernard , Childlike disposition , Leonard Lionlike disposition , as Leoninus ; Re●●ard , pure disposition , as Syncerus . GODVVIN , ger . for Win-God , converted , or Victorious in God. GODRICH . ger . Rich , or powerfull in God. GREGORY gre . Watching , watchfull , as Vigilantius , and V●gilius in Latine . GRYFFITH , Brit. Some Britans interpret it , Strong-faithed . GRVFFIN , Brit. If it be not the same with Griffith , some do fetch from Rufinus , Red. as many other Welsh names are derived f●ō colours . GRIM●ALD , ger . But truly Grim●ald , power over anger , as Rodoalà power of councel [ ●uther ] a name most vsuall in the old family of Pa●●cefoote . GVVISCHARD , See Wischard . GVY , In Latine , Guide from the French Guide . A guide , leader , or director to other . H HADRIAN , Lat. deduced from the city Hadria , whence Hadrian the emperor had his orig●nall . Gesner bringeth it from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Grosse or weal●hie . HAMON , Heb. Faithfull . HANIBALL , A● unick name . Gratious Lord. HECTOR gr . Defendour , according to ●lat● . HENRY , ger . in Latine Henricus . A name so famous since the yeare 920. when Henry the first was Emperour , that there have beene 7. Emperours , 8. Kings of England , 4. Kings of France , as many of Spaine of that name . If Ein-ric be the originall , it signifieth Ever rich or powerfull . If it be deduced from Herric , which the Germans vse now , it is as much as Rich-Lord . I once supposed , not without some probabilitie , that it was contracted from Honoricus , of which name , as Procopius mention●th , there was a Prince of the Vandales , in the time of Honorius , and therefore likely to take name of him , as hee did from Honor. And lately I have found that Fr. Philelphus is of the same opinion . Howsoever it hath been an ominous good name in all respects of signification . HENGEST , Sax. Horse man , the name of him which led the first Englishmen into this Isle , somewhat answerable to the Greeke names , Philippe , Speusiprus , Ctesippus , his brother in like sort was called Horsa . HARHOLD , Sax. Luther interpreteth it Governour or Generall of an Armie , and so would I if it were Harwold . But being written Harhold & Herold , I rather turne it love of the Armie . For Hold see Rheinhold . For Hare and Here that they signifie both an Armie , and a Lord , it is taken for granted : Yet I suspect this Here , for a Lord to come from the Latine Herus . See Ethelwold . HERBERT , Germ. Famous Lord , bright Lord , or Glorie of the Army . HERVVIN , ger . Victorious Lord , or Victor in the Armie . HARMAN , or Hermon , ger . Generall of an Army , the same which Strato or Polemarchus in Greeke Caesar turned it into Arminius [ Tscudus , ] Hence the German Dukes are called Hertogen , as Leaders of Armies . HERCVLES , gr . Glorie or illumination of the aire , as it pleaseth Macrobius , who affirmeth it to be proper to the Sunne , but hath bin given to valiant men for their glorie . HIEROME , gr . Holy name . HILDEBERT , germ . Bright , or famous Lord. See Maud. HILARY , Lat. Merrie and pleasant . HOVVEL , A Brittish name , the originall whereof some Britan may finde . Goropius turneth it Sound or whole , as wisely as he saith , Englishmen were called Angli , because they were good Anglers . I rather would fetch Hoel from Haelius , that is , Sunne-bright , as Coel from Caelius . HV●H , Aventinus deriveth it from the German word Hougen , that is , slasher or cutter . But whereas the name Hugh , was first in vse among the French , and O●frid in the yeare 900. vsed Hugh for Comfort , I iudge this name to be borrowed thence , and so it is correspondent to the Greeke names Elpidius , and Elpis . HVMFREY , ger . for Humfred , House-peace , a lovely and happie name , if it could turne home-warres betweene man and wife into peace . The Italians have made Onuphrius of it in Latine . HVBERT , Sax. Bright forme , faire shape , or faire hope . HORATIO , I know not the Etymologie , vnlesse you will derive from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , wel sighted . J IACO● , Heb. A tripper , or supplanter . Whose name because he had power with God , that he might also prevaile with men , was changed into Israel by God. See Genes . ca. 32. Philo de nominibus mutatis . IAMES , Wrested from Iacob , the same . Iago in Spanish , Iaques in French , which some frenchified English , to their disgrace , have too much affected . IASPER . I●EL , See Ybel . IOACHIM , Heb. Preparation of the Lord. IEREMY , Heb : High of the Lord. IOAB , Heb : Fatherhood . IOHN , Heb : Gratious , yet though so vnfortunate in Kings ; for that Iohn of England well neare , lost his Kingdome ; and Iohn of France was long captive in England ; and Iohn Balioll was lifted out of his Kingdome of Scotland ; that Iohn Steward when the Kingdome of Scotland came vnto him , renouncing that name , would be proclaimed King Robert. See Iuon . IOB , Heb. Sighing or sorrowing . IORDAN , Heb : The river of iudgement . IOSVAH , Heb : As Iesuiah Saviour . IOSC●LIN , A diminitive from I●st or Iustus , as Iustulus according to Islebius , but molefied from Iostelin , in the old Netherland language , from whence it came with Ioscelin of Lovan , yonger sonne of Godfrey Duke of Brabant , Progenitour of the honourable Percyes , if not the first , yet the most noble of that name in this Realme . Nicotius maketh it a diminitive from Iost Iudocus . IOSEPH , Heb. Encreasing [ Phil● ] or encrease of the Lord. IOSIAS , Heb. Fire of the Lord. IOSVAH , Heb : The Lord Saviour . INGEIBERT , See Engelbert . INGRAM , Germ : Engelramus in Latine , deduced from Engell which signifieth an Angell , as Angelo is common in Italy , so Engelbert seemeth to signifie bright Angell . ISAAC , Heb : Laughter , the same which Gelasius among the Greekes . ISRAEL , Heb. Seeing the Lord , or prevailing in the Lord : See Iacob . IVLIVS , gr : Soft haired or mossie bearded , so doth Iulus signifie in Greeke . It was the name of Aeneas sonne , who was first called Ilus . Ilus erat dum res stetit Ilia regno . The old Englishmen in the North parts turned Iulius into Ioly , and the vnlearned Scribes of that time may seeme to have turned Iulianus , into Iolanus , for that name doth often occurre in olde evidences . IVON , is the same with Iohn , and vsed by the Welsh , and Sclav●nians for Iohn ; and in this Realme about the Conquerours time Iohn was rarely found , but Iuon as I have observed . IONATHAN , Heb. The same with Theodorus , and Theodosius , that is , Gods gift . K KENHELME , Sax. Defence of his kinred . H●●m , Defence , [ Luther : ] so 〈◊〉 Happy defence , Bright-helme , Faire defence , Sig-●elme , Victorious defence . KENARD , Sax. Kinde disposition , and affection his kinred . L LAMBERT , Sax : As some thinke , Faire-lamb Luther turneth it Farre famous . LANCELOT seemeth a Spanish name , and may signifie a Launce , as the militarie men , vse the word now for an horseman . Some think it to be no auntient name , but forged by the writer of king Arthurs historie for one of his doubtie knights . LAVRENCE , Lat : Flourishing like a Baie tree : the same that Daphnis in Greeke . LAZARVS , Hebr : Lords-help . LEOFSTAN , Sax : most beloved . LEOFVVIN , Sax : Winlove , or to be loved , as Agapetus , and Erasmus with the Greekes , and Amandus with the Latines . LEONARD , ger : Lion-like disposition , as Thymoleon with the Greekes , or Popularis indoles , as it pleaseth Lips●●s , that is , People pleasing disposition . LEVVIS , Wrenched from L●dowike , which Tilius interpreteth , Refuge of the people . LEVVLIN , Brit. Lion-like , the same with Leominus , and Leontius . LIONELL , Lat : Leonellus , that is , Little-lyon . LVKE , Hebr : Rising or lifting vp . LEODEGAR , or LEGER , ge●m : Gatherer , of people , Lipsius in . Poliorceticis , or , Altogether popular . LEODPOLD , ger : Defender of people , corruptly Leopold . In our auncient tongue Leod signified people of one Citie , as Leodscip , was to them Respublica , The northerne Germans have yet Leud in the same sense . So Luti , Li●di , Leuti , and Leudi , as the Dialect varieth , signifies people . In which sence , the Normans in the life of Carolus Magnus were called Nortleud . The names wherein Leod are found , seeme translated from those Greeke names wherein you shall finde D●m●s and L●●s , as Demosthenes , that is , Strength of the people . Dimochares , that is , Gratious to the people , Demophilus , that is , Lover of the people . Nicodemus , that is , Conqueror of people . L●●medon , that is , Ruler of people . L●od●mas , that is , Tamer of people , &c. LIVIN , germ . The same with Amatus , that is , Beloved [ Kilianus ] M MADOC , Brit : from Mad , that is , Good in the Welsh , as Caradoc , from C●●● , that is , Beloved . The same with Agathias in Greek [ Dict : Walicum ] MALACHIAS , hebr : My messenger . MANAS●● hebr : not forgotten . MARC●LLV● , lat : Plutarch out of P●ssido●ius do●●vet● it from Mars , as martiall and warlike , other from Marculus , that is , an Hammer . The latter times turned it to Martell and Mallet , which diverse tooke for a surname , because they valiantly didde hammer and beate downe their adversaries , See Malmes . pag. 54. MARMADVC , germ : Mermachtig as some coniecture , which in olde Saxon signifieth More mightie , being sweetened in sound by processe of time . A name vsuall in the North , but most in former times in the noble families of Tweng , Lumley , and Constable , and thought to be Val●ntinianus translated . MARKE In Hebrew signifieth High , but in Latine , according to Varr● , it was a name at the first given to them that were borne in the moneth of March ; but according to Festus Pompeius it signifieth a Hammer or Mallet , given in hope the person should be martiall . MATHEVV , hebr . Gods-gift . MARTIN , Lat : from Martius , as Antoninus from Antonius . Saint Martin the militarie Saint , bishop of Toures first made this name famous among the Christians by his admirable piety . MERCVRIE , Lat : Quasi medius currens inter deos & homines , as the Gramarians Etymologize it , A mediate coursi●or betweene gods and men . MEREDITH , Brit : in Latine Mereducius . MERRIC , Brit : in Latine Meuricus , I knowe not whether it be corrupted from Maurice . MICHAEL , Hebr. Who is perfect ? or , Who is like God ? The French contract it into Miel . MAXIMILIAN , A new name , first devised by Frederic the third Emperour , who doubting what name to give to his sonne and heire , composed this name of two worthy Romans names , whome he most admired , Q. Fabius Max●●us , and Scipio Aemili●●● , with hope , that his sonne would immitate their vertues . [ Hieronymus Gebviterius de f●milia Austriaca . MILES , Lat : Mile , which some fetch from Milium , a kinde of graine called Millet , as probably as Plime draweth Fab●● , Le●tulus , C●eer● from Faba , Lens , Cicer , that is , beanes , lentill , and chich pease . But whereas the French contract Michael into Miel : some suppose our Miles to come from thence . MOSES , hebr ▪ Drawne vp . MORGAN , Brit ▪ the same with Pelagius , that is , Se●man , if we may beleeve an olde fragment , and Mor signifies the Sea among the Welsh : So Marius , Marinus , Marianus , and Pontius among the Latines have their name from Mare and Pontus the Sea. Qu●re . MAVGER , a name eftsoones vsed in the worshipfull family of Vavasors . Malgerius , in olde histories . Quare . MORICE , from the Latine M●●●itius , and that from Maurus , A Moore , as Syritius from Syus a Sy●ian . The name not of any worth in his owne signification , but in respect of Saint Maurice a Commander in the Thebane Legion martyred for the Christian profession vnder Maximianus . N NATHANIEL , Hebr : The gift of God , as Theod●sius , &c. NEALE , Fre : Blackish , or swart , for it is abridged from Nigel , and so alwayes written , in Latine records Nigellus , consonant to Nigrinus , and Atrius of the Latines , Melanius and Melauthus of the Graecians . NICHOLAS , gre : Conquerour of the people , NORMAN , drawne from the Norman nation , as Northerne-man , vsuall antiently in the familie of Darcy . NOEL , Fre : the same with the Latine Natalis , given first in honour of the feast of Christes birth , to such as were then borne . O ODo , See Othes . OLIVER , A name fetched from the peace-bringing Olive , as Daphnis , and Laurence , from the triumphant Lar●rell . OSBERN , Sax. House-childe , as Filius familiàs , [ Luther . ] OSBERT , Sax. Domesticall brightnes , or light of the family . OSMVND , Sax. House-peace . OSVVOLD , Ger. House-ruler or Steward : for Wold in old English and high Dutch , is a Ruler : but for this the Normans brought in Ledespencer now Spencer . The holy life of S. Oswald King of Northumberland , who was incessantly in prayer hath given much honour to this name . See Ethelwold . OTHES , An old name in England , drawne from Otho , written by some Odo , and by others , Eudo , in English-Saxon Odan , and after the originall , whereof when 〈◊〉 could not finde , I will not seeke . Av●nt●●s maketh it Hud , that is , Keeper : but Petr●● Bles●●sis Epist . 126. maketh it to signifie a Faithfull reconciler ; for he writeth , Od● in Episc●pum Parisionsem consecratus nomen s●is operibus interpret●●i non cessat , fidelis sequester inter deum & 〈◊〉 . Ottwell and Ottey seeme to bee nursenames drawne from Othes . OVVEN , Lat. Audoenus , if it be the same with S. Owen of France . But the Britans will have it from old King Oenus father in law to Hercules ; others from Eugenius , that is , Noble or well borne . Certaine it is that the Country of Ireland called Tir-Oen , is in Latine Records , Terra Eugenij ; and the Irish Priests know no Lat●ne for their Oen but Eugenius , as Rothericus for Rorke . And Sir Owen Ogle in Latine Records , as I have beene enformed , was written Eugenius Ogle . ORIGINALL , May seeme to be deducted from the Greeke Origenos , that is , Borne in good time . P PASCAL , Deduced from Pascha , the Passover . PATRIK , Lat. From Patricius , Quasi Patram cians , A Peere or State , he which could cite his father as a man of honour . A name given first to Senators sonnes , but it grew to reputation when Constantin● the Greeke made a new state of Patricij , who had place befor the Praefectus Praet●ri● , or Lord great Master of the house , if it may be so translated [ Zosim●s . ] PAVL , Heb. Wonderfull or rest : But the learned Baronius drawing it from the Latine , maketh it Little , or Humble . PAVLIN , From Paul , at Nigrinus from Niger . PERCIVAL , Is thought at first to have bin a surname , and after ( as many other ) a Christian n●me : fetched from P●rcheval , a place in Normandie . One by allusion made this Percival , Per se valens . PAYN , in Lat. Paganus , exempt from militarie service , a name now out of vse , but having an opposite signification to a millitarie man , as Scaliger observeth vpon Ansdnius . PETRE , For which as the French vsed Pierre : so our Ancestours vsed Pierce , a name of high esteeme among the Christians , since our Saviour named Simon , the sonne of Iona , Cephas , which is by interpretation a stone , Ioan. 5. 42. But fole-wisely have some Petres , called themselves Pierius . PEREGRINE , Lat. Strange , or outlandish . PHILEBERT , Ger. Much bright fame , or very bright and famous , as Polyphemus in Greeke [ Rhenanus . ] PHILIPPE , Gr. A lover of horses , Philip B●roald conceiting this his name , very clerckly proveth that Phillippe is an Apostolicall name by Saint Philip the Apostle , a royall name by King Philip King of Macedonia , and an imperiall name by Philip the first Christian Emperour . POSTHVMVS , Lat. Borne after his fathers death . Q QVINTIN , Lat. From Quintus , the fifth borne , a man dignified by Saint Qu●tin of France . R RALFE , Germ. Contracted from Radulph , which as Rodulph signifieth Help-councell , not differing much from the Greeke Eubulus . RAYMVND , Germ. Quiet peace , as Hesichius in Greeke . RANDAL , Sax. Corrupted from Ra●ulph , that is , Faire helpe . RAPHAEL , Heb : The Phisicke of God. REINHOLD , Sax. Sincere or pure love : for the Germans call their greatest and goodliest river for purenes Rheine , and the old English vsed Hold for love , Holdlic , for lovely , as Vnhold , without love : Willeranus vseth Hold for favour , which is answerable to love . I have also observed Hold for Firme , and once for a Generall of an armie . RHESE , A British name , deduced as they thinke from Rh●sus the Thracian King , who was ( as Homer describeth him by his Armour , ) of a Giantlike stature . But I dare not say the wordimplieth so much in signification : yet Rhesi , signifieth a Giant in the German tong . RICHARD , Sax. Powerfull and rich disposition , as Richer , an antient Christian name , signified Powerfull in the Armie , or Rich Lord , and was but Herr●● reversed , Aventinus turneth it , Treasure of the kingdome . See Aubry . ROBERT , Germ. Famous in Councell , for it is written most anciently Rodbert . Rod , Red , and Rod , do signifie councell , See Conrad and Albert . This name was given to Rollo , first Duke of Normandy , an originall Ancestour of the Kings of England , who was called first by the Normans and French Rou , wherevnto , some without ground thinke that Bert was added : so that it should signifie Rou , the renowmed . Others vntruly turne it Red-●eard , as thogh it were al one with Aenobarbus of the Latines , or Barbarossa of the Italians , Iohn Bodin ( or Pudding , ) that I may give him his true English name , maketh it full wisely Red-bara ; but I thinke no Robert which knoweth what Bardus meaneth , will like of it . ROGER , Ger. Ruger , Quiet , the same with Tranquilles in Latine , Frodoard writeth it alwaies Rottgarius , or Rodgarus , so it seemeth to signifie All councell , or strong councell . ROLLAND , Ger. Whereas it was anciently written Rod , land , it may seem to signifie Councell for the Land. And the first that I finde so named , was land-wardē in France , vnder Carolus Magn●s , against the Piracies of the Normans . The Italians vse Orland for Rowland by Metathesis . ROMANE , Lat. Strong , from the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 answerable to Valens . RVBEN , Heb. The sonne of visions , or a quick-seeing sonne . [ Philo. ] REINFRED , Sax. Pure peace . S SALOMON , hebr : Peaceabi● . SAMPSON , hebr : There the second 〈◊〉 . SAMV●L , hebr : Place of God. SAVLE , Hebr : Lent of the Lord , or ●● some will , Fox . S●●ASTIAN , gre : Honorable or 〈◊〉 , as Augustus or Augustinus among the Romans . SIG●SMVND , germ : Victo●●●● peace , 〈◊〉 victory with peace ; That Sig signifieth Victorie , A●frie , Das●podius , and Luther do all agree , yet Hadr : 〈◊〉 turneth it Victorious or prevailing speech . So Sigward , now Seward , victorious preserver , Sigh●m , victorious defence , Sighere , Conqueror of an army , or victorious Lord : and Sigbert , now Sebright , victorious fame , or fame by victory . SILVESTER , Iat : Woodman . SYLVANVS , Lat : Woodman , or rather Wood-god . See Walter . SIMON , Hebr : Obedientlistening [ Phil● ] STEPHEN , gre : A Crowne . SVVITHIN , Sax : From the olde English Swithea●n , that is , Very high , as Ce●●●s or Ex●periu● with the Romans . This name hath bin taken vp in honour of Saint Swithin the holie Bishop of W●nchester about the y●●re 860. and called the Weeping saint 〈◊〉 , for that about his feast Praesepe and Aselli , 〈◊〉 constellanons do 〈◊〉 Cosmic●●y , and commonly cause raine . T THEOBALD , ●●mmonly Tibald , and Thibald , Gods power , as B : Rhenanius noteth . But certaine it is , that in our Saxon Psalter Gentes is alwayes translated by Theod , and in the English-Saxon old Annales , the English nation is often called Engl●-th●●d . The same Lips●●● in Poli●●ceticis affirmeth to be in the auntient German Psalters . So that Theobald seemeth in his opinion to signifie Powerfull , or bolde over people . It was the common name in the familie of the Gorges ; and of the Lord Verdons , of whom the Earles of Shr●wsburie , and Essex are descended . THEODORE , gre : Gods gift , now corruptly by the Welsh-Britans called Tydder . THEODOSIVS , gre : the same with Theodore . THEODERIC , ger : contractly Deric and Torry with the French , Powerable , or Rich in people according to Lipsius . THEOPHILVS , gre : A lover of God. THOMAS , hebr : Bottomles deepe , or Twinne . TIMOTHY , gre : from Timotheus , Honou●ing God. TOBIAS , hebr : The Lord is good . TRISTRAM , I knowe not whether the first of this name was christned by king Arthurs fabl●r . If it be the same which the French ●all Trist●● , it commeth from sorrow : for P. Aemi●ius noteth that the sonne of Saint Lewes of Franc● , horne in the heavie sorrowfull time of his fathers imprisonment vnder the Saracens , was named Tristan in the same respect . TVRSTAN , Sax : for Trustan , most true and trustie , as it seemeth . V VALENS , Lat : Puissant . VALENTINE , Lat : The same . VCHTRED , ger : High counsell , vsed in the old family of Raby . From whence the Nevilles . VINCENT , Lat : Victorious . VITAL , Lat : Hee that may live a long life , like to Macrobius ; or Lively , the same that Zosimus in Greeke . VIVIAN , Lat : the same . VRBANVS , Lat : Curteous , civill . VRIAN , The same with George , as I have heard of some learned Danes . It hath beene a common name in the family of Saint Pier of Chesshire , now extinguished . W VVALTER , ger : from Waldher , for so it is most auntiently written , a Pilgrime according to Reneccius ; other make it a Wod-Lorde , or a Wood-man , aunswerable to the name of Silvius , Silvanus , or Sylvester . The old English called a wood , Wald , and an hermite living in the woods , a Waldbro●der . But if I may cast in my conceit , I take it to be Herwald inverted , as Herric and Richer , Winbald and Baldwin . And so it signifieth Governour or Generall of an Arm●e , as Hegesistratus , See Herman and Harold : WALVVIN , Some have interpreted out of the German tongue , a Conquerour , as Nicholaus and Nicodemus , Victor in Latine ; but wee now vse Gawen insteede of Walwyn , Architrenius maketh it Walganus in Latine . But if Walwin was a Britan , and king Arthurs nephew , as W : Malmesbury noteth , where hee speaketh of his giant-like bones found in Wales , I referre the signification to the Britans . WARIN , Iovianus libr. 1. de Aspiratione draweth it from ●●rro . But whereas it is written in all Records . Guarinus : It may seeme mollified from the Dutch Gerwm , that is , All-victorious . See Gertrud . WILLIAM , ge : For sweeter sound drawne from Wilhelm , which is interpreted by Luther , Much Defence , or , Defence to many , as Wilwald , Ruling many . Wildred , Much reverent feare , or Awfull . Wilfred , Much peace . Willibert , Much brightnesse , or Very bright . Willibrod Much increase . So the French that cannot pronounce W have turnd it into Philli , as Phillibert , for Willibert , Much brightnes . Many names wherein wee have Will , seeme translated from the Greeke names composed of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as Polydamas , Polybius , Polyxenus , &c. Helm yet remaineth with vs , and Villi , Willi , and Bills yet with the Germans for Many . Other turne William , a Willing Defender , and so it answereth the Roman Titus , if it come from Tuendo , as some will have it . The Italians that liked the name , but could not pronounce the W if wee may beleeve Gesner , turned it into Galeazo , retaining the sence in part for Helme . But the Italians report , that Galeazo the first Viscount of Mill●●●● was so called , for that many Cockes crew lustily at his birth . This name hath beene most common in England since king William the Conqueror , insomuch that vppon a festivall day in the Court of king Henry the second , when Sir William Saint-Iohn , and Sir William Fitz-Hamon especiall Officers had commaunded that none but of the name of William should d●●e in the great Chamber with them , they were accompanied with an hundred and twentie Williams , all Knights , as Robert Moutensis recordeth Anno 1173. WILLFRED , Sax : Much peace . WIMVND , Sax : Sacred peace , or holy peace , as Wibert , Holy and Bright ; for Wi , in Willeramus is translated Sacer. WISCHARD , or GVI●CARD , Norm : Wilie , and crafty shifter : [ W : Gemiticensis ] Falcandus the Italian interpreteth it Erro , that is , Wanderer . But in a Norman name I rather beleeve the Norman Writer . WOLSTAN , Sax : Comely , decent , as Decentius , [ Dasipodius . ] WVLPHER , Sax : Helper , the Saxon name of a King of Middle - England , answering to the Greeke name Alexias , or rather Epicurus . The most famous of which name was a hurtefull man , albeit he had a helpefull name . Y YBELL , Brit : Contracted from Eubulus , good Councellor . YTHELL , Brit : Likewise contracted from Euthalius , very flourishing . Z ZACHARY , Hebr : The memorie of the Lord. Christian Names of Women . Lest Women , the most kinde sex , should conceive vnkindenes if they were omitted , somewhat of necessitie must bee saide of their names . ABIGAEL , Heb. The fathers ioy . AGATHA , Gr. Good , Guth in old Saxon. AGNES , Gr. Chaste , the French write Ignatia , but I know not why ▪ ALETHEIA , Gre. Veritie , or ●uth . ALICE , Ger. Abridged from Adesiz , Noble . See Ethelbert . But the French make it defendresse , turning it into Alexia . ANNA , Heb. Gracious , or mercifull . ARBELA , Heb. God hath revenged , as some translations have it . [ Index Bibliorum . ] ADELIN , Ge. Noble , or descending from nobles . AVDRY , Sax. It seemeth to be the same with Etheldred ▪ for the first foundresse of Ely church is so called in Latine histories , but by the people in those parts , S. Audry . See Etheldred . AMIE , Fr. Beloved , in Latine Amata , the name of the ancient King , Latinus wife . It is written in the like sence Amicia , in old Records . ANCHORET , Gr. for Anachoreta , Solitarie live● , which retyred her selfe from the world to serve God. AVICE , Some observe that as it is written now Avice , so in former times Hawisia , and in elder ages Helwisa : where-vpon they thinke it detorted from Hildevig , that is , Lady-defence , as Lewis is wrested from Lodovicus and Ludwig . AVREOLA , Lat. Pretty-little golden dame . ANSTASE , Gr. Anastasia , and that from Anastasis , as Anastasius , given in remembrance of christs glorious resurrection & ours in Christ . B BARBARA , Gr. Strange ; of vnknowne language , but the name respected in honour of S. Barbara , martyred for the true profession of Christian religion , vnder the Tyranne Maximian . BEATRICE , Lat. From Beatrix , Blessed . BLANCH , Fr. White , or faire . BRIGID , Contracted into Bride , an Irish name as it seemeth , for that the ancient S. Brigid , was of that Nation : the other of Suetia was lately Canonized about 1400. Quaere . BERTHA , Ger. Bright and famous . See Albert. BONA , Lat. Good. BENEDICTA , Lat : Blessed . BENIGNA , Lat : Milde and gentle . C CASSANDRA , Gr. Inflaming men with love . CATHERIN , Gr : Pure , Chaste . CHRISTIAN , A name from our Christian profession , which the Pagans most tyrannically persecuted , hating as Tertullian writeth in his Apologetico , a harmelesse name in harmelesse people CLARA , Lat : Bright , the same with Berta , & Claricia in latter times . CICELY , From the Latine Caecilia , Grey-eyed . D DENIS , See before among the name of men . DIANA , From the Greeke Di●s , that is , Iove , as Iovina , or Ioves daughter , or Gods daughter . DIONYE , From Diana . DIDO , A Phaenician name , signifying a manlike woman . [ Servius Hon●ratus . ] DOROTHYE , Gr : The gift of God , or given of God. DORCAS , Gr : A Roe-bucke , Lu●retius lib. 4. noteth , that by this name , the Amorous Knights were wont to salute freckled , wartie , and wodden-faced wenches , where he saith , Caes●a Palladi●n ; naevosa & ●ignea Dorcas . DOVZE , From the Latine Dulcia , that is , sweetewench . DOVSABEL , Fr : Sweete and faire , somewhat like Glycerium . DOVGLAS , of the Scottish surname , taken from the river Douglas , not long since made a Christian name in England , as Iordan from the river of that name in the holy Land , was made a Christian name for men . E ETH●LDRED , Noble advise : See Audrey . ELA , See Alice . ELEANOR , Deduced from Helena , Pittifull . ELIZA , Heb. God saveth . ELIZABETH , Heb. Peace of the Lord , or Quiet rest of the Lord , the which England hath found verified in the most honoured name of our late Soveraigne . Mantuan playing with it , maketh it Eliza-bella . EADE , Sax. Drawne from Eadith , in which there is signification of happines . In latter time it was writen Auda , Ada , Ida , and by some Id●nea in Latine . EMME , Some wil have to be the same with Amie , in Latine Amata . Paulus Merula saith it signifieth a good nurse , and so is the same with Eutrophime among the Greekes , Rog : Hoveden pag. 246. noteth that Emma daughter to Richard the first Duke of Normandie , was called in Saxon Elfgiva , that is as it seemeth , Helpe-giver . EMMET , A diminitive from Emme . EVA , Heb. Giving life . F FAITH . FORTVNE , The signification well knowne . FREDISVVID , Sax. Very free , truely free . FRANCIS , See Francis before . FAELICE , Lat. Happy . FORTITVD , Lat. FLORENCE , Lat. Flourishing . G GERTRVD , gr : All true , and amiable ; if German signifieth All-man , as most learned consent , and so Gerard may signifie All-hardy . [ Althamerus . ] GRACE , the signification is well knowne . GRISHILD , Grey Lady , as Caesia , see Maud. GLADVSE , Brit : from Claudia . GOODITH , Sax : Contracted from Goodwife , as we now vse Goody : by which name king Henry the first was nicked in contempt , as William of Ma●nesbury noteth . H HELENA , gre : Pittifull : A name much vsed in the honour of Helena mother to Constantine the Great , and native of this Isle● although one on ●he Authour ma●eth h●r a Bithini●n , but Baronius and our Historian● will have her a Britaine . HAVVIS , See Avice . J IANE , See Ioane ; for 32. Eliz : Reg●●a ●t was agreed by the court of the Kings Bench to be all one with Ioane . IVDITH , Hebr. Praising , Confessing ▪ our auncestors turned it into Iuet . IOYCE , in Latine Ioco●a , M●rry , pleasant . IAQVET , Fr : from Iacoba , See Iames. IENET , a diminitive from Ioan , as litle and prettie Ihoan . IOANE , See Iohn . In latter yeeres , some of the better and nicer sorte misliking Ioane , have mollified the name of Ioane into Iane , as it may seeme , for that Iane is never found in olde Recordes : and as some will , never before the time of king Henry the eight . Lately in like sort some learned Iohns and Hanses beyond the sea , have new christned themselves by the name of Ianus . ISABELL , The same with Elizabeth ; if the Spaniardes doe not mistake , which alwayes translate Elizabeth into Isabel ; and the French into Isabeau . IVLIAN , from Iulius , Gilian commonly , yet our Lawyers libr. Assis . 26. pa. 7. make them distinct names , I doubt not but vppon some good ground . K KATHARIN , See Catharin . KINBVRG , Sax : Strength and defence of her kinred ; as Kinulf , help of her kinred . L LETICE , Lat : Ioyfulnesse , mirth . LYDIA , gre : Borne in that region of Asia . LORA , Sax : Discipline , or Learning : but I suppose rather it is corrupted from Laura , that is , Bay , and is agreeable to the Greeke name Daphne . LVCIA , Lat : Lightsome , Bright : A name given first to them that were borne when daie-light first appeared . LVCRETIA , Lat : An honourable name in respect of the chaste Lady Lucretia ; if it as Lucretius doe not come from Lucrum , gaine , as a good huswife , I leave it to Grammarians . Lucris , a wench in Plautus seemed to have hir name from thence , when-as hee saieth it was Nomen & omen quantivis pretij . M MAEEI . Some will have it to be a contraction of the Italians from Mabella , that is , my faire daughter , or maide . But whereas it is written in Deedes , Amabilia and Mabilia , I thinke it commeth from Amabilis , that is , Loveable , or lovely . MAGDALEN , Hebr : Maiesticall . MARGARET , gre : commonly Marget , pearle or pretious . MARGERIE , Some thinke to be the same with Margaret : others fetch it from Marioria , I know not what floure . MARIE , Hebr : Exalted . The name of the blessed Virgine , who was blessed among women , because of the fruit of her wombe . MAVD for MATILD , ger : Matildis , Mathilidis , and Matilda in Latine , Noble or honourable Ladie of Maides . Alfric turneth Heroina by Hild. So Hildebert was heroically famous , Hildegard , heroicall preserver : and Hilda was the name of a religious Lady in the Primitive church of England . MELICENT , Fr : Hony-sweete . MERAVD : Vsed antiently in Cornewall , from the pretious stone called the Emeraud . MVRIEL from the Greeke Muron , Sweete perfume . N NEST , Vsed in Wales for Agnes , See Agnes . NICHOLA , See Nicholas . NICIA , gre : Victorious . O OLYMPIAS , gre : Heavenly . ORABILIS , Lat : Easely intreated . P PENELOPE , gre : The name of the most patient , true , constant and chaste wife of Vlysses , which was given to her , for that she carefully loved and fed those birdes with purpre neckes called Penelopes . PERNE●L , from Petronilla , Pretty-stone , as ●iere and Perkin strained out of Petre. The first of this name was the daughter of Saint Petre. PRISCA , Lat : Antient. PRISCILLA , A diminutive from Prisca . PRVDENCE , Lat : whome the Greekes call Sophia , that is , Wisedome . PHILIPPA , See Philip. PHILADELPHIA , gre : A lover of her sisters , or brethren . PHILLIS , gre : Lovely , as Amie in Latine . POLYXENA , gre : Shee that will entertaine many guests , and strangers . R RADEGVND , Sax : Favourable councell . Hadrianus Iunius translateth Gund Favor , so Gunther Favorable Lord , Gunderic , Rich , or mighty in favour , &c. RACHEL , Hebr : A sheepe . REBECCA , Hebr : Fatte and full . ROSAMVND , Rose of the world , or Rose of peace : See in the Epitaphs . ROSE , Of that faire floure , as Susan in Hebrew . S SAEINA , As chaste and religious as a Sabine , who had their name from their worshipping of God. SANCHIA , Lat : from Sancta , that is , Holie . SARAH , Hebr : Ladie , Mistris , or Dame. SCHOLASTICA , gre : Leasure from busines . SVSAN , Hebr : Lillie , or Rose . SISLEY : See Caeselia . SOPHRONIA , gre : Modest , and temperate . SYBILL , gre : Gods councell , other draw it from Hebrue , and will have it to signifie Divine Doctrine . [ Peucerus . ] SOPHIA , gre : Wisedome ; a name peculiarly applied by the Primitive Christians to our most blessed Saviour , who is the wisedome of his Father , [ Epistle to the Hebrewes ] by whome all things were made . And therefore some godly men do more than dislike it as irreligious , that it should bee communicated to any other . T TABITHA , Hebr : Roe-bucke . TAMESIN , or THOMASIN : See Thomas . THEODOSIA , gre : Gods-gift . TACE , Be silent , a fitte name to admonish that sex of silence . TEMPERANCE , Lat. The signification knowne to all . V VENVS , Lat. Comming to all , as Cicero derived it à Veniendo , a fit name for a good wench . But for shame it is turned of some to Venice . In Greeke Venus was called Aphrodite , not from the foame of the Sea , but as Enripides saith , from Aphrosune , that is , Maddefollie . VRSVLA , Lat. A little Beare . A name heeretofore of great reputation in honour of Vrsula the Britan Virgin-Saint , martyred vnder Gods-scourge Attila . W VVALBVRG , Gratious ; the same with Eucharia in Greek [ Luther ] We have turned it into Warburg . WINEFRID , Sax. Win , or get peace . If it be a Britaine word , as some thinke it to be & written Guinfrid , it signifieth Faire and Beautifull countenance . Verily Winifred a native of this Isle , which preached the Gospel in Germany , was called Boniface ; for his good face , or good deedes , iudge you . OTher vsuall names of women I do not call to remembrance at this time , yet I know many other have beene in vse in former ages among vs , as Derv●rgild , Sith , Amphilas , &c : And also Nicholea , Laurentia , Richarda , Guilielma , Wilmetta , drawne from the names of men , in which number we yet retaine Philippa , Philip , Francisca , Francis , Ioanna , Iana , &c. These English-Saxon , German and other names may be thought as faire , and as fit for men and women , as those most vsuall Praenomina among the Romans , 〈◊〉 for that hee was nourished of the gods : Luciu● for him that was borne in the dawning of the day : Marcus , for him that was borne in March : Manius for him that was borne in the morning : Cneus for him that had a wart : Servius for him that was borne a slave , Quinctius for him that was fift borne , &c. And our womens names more gratious than their Rutilia , that is , Red-head : Caesilia , that is , Grey-eyed , and Caia● the most common name of all among them ( signifying ●oy : ) for that Caia Caesilia the wife of King Tarquinius Priscus was the best distasse-wife and spinster among them . Neither doe I thinke in this comparison of Names , that any will proove like the Gentleman , who distasting our names , preferred King Arthurs age before ours , for the gallant , brave , and stately names then vsed , as sir Orson , sir Tor , sir Quadragan , sir Dinadan , sir Launcelot , &c. which came out of that forge , out of the which the Spaniard forged the haughty and lofty name Traquitantos for his Giant , which hee so highly admired , when hee had studied many dayes and odde houres , before hee could hammer out a name so conformable to such a person as hee in imagination then conceited . Surnames . SVrnames given for difference of ●amilies , and continued as hereditary in families , were vsed in no nation antiently but among the Romans , ( and that after the league with the Sabines ) which called thē Nomina , and Nomina Gentilitia , as the former were called Praenomina . But the French and wee termed them Surnames , not because they are names of the sire , or the father , but because they are super-added to Christian names , as the Spaniards call them Renombres , as Renames . The Hebrewes keeping memory of their Tribe , vsed in their Genealogies in steede of Surnames , the name of their father with Ben , that is , Sonne , as Melchi Ben-Addi , Addi Ben-Cosam , Cosam Ben-E●●adam , &c. So the Graecians , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Icarus the sonne of Dedalus , Dedalus the sonne of Eupalmus , Eupalmus the sonne of Metion . The like was vsed amongst our auncestors the English , as C●oured Ceolwalding , Ceolwald Cuthing , Cuth Cuthwining , that is , Ceonred so●ne of Ceolwald , Ceolwald sonne of Cuth , Cuthe son of Cuthwin , &c. And to this is observed by William of Malmesbury , where he noteth that the sonne of Eadgar was called Eadgaring , and the son of Edmund , Edmunding . The Britans in the same sence with Ap for Mab , as Ap Owen , Owen Ap Harry , Harry Ap Rhese , as the Irish with their Mac , as Donald Mac Neale , Neale Mac Con , Con Mac D●rm●tt , &c. And the olde Normans with Fitz for Filz , as Iohn Fitz-Robert , Robert Fitz-Richard , Richard Fitz-Ralph , &c. The Arabians onely as one learned noteth , vsed their fathers names without their owne forename , as Aven-Pace , Aven Rois , Aven-Z●ar , that is , the sonne of Pace , Rois and Zoar ; As if Pace had a sonne at his circumcision named Haly , hee would be called Aven Pace , concealing Haly , but his sonne , howsoever hee were named , would be called Aven-Haly , &c. So Surnames passing from father to sonne , and cōtinuing to their issue , was not antiently in vse among any people in the world . Yet to these single Names were adioyned oftentimes other names , as Cognomina , or Sobriquetts , as the French call them , and By-names , or Nicke-names , as we terme them , if that word be indifferent to good and bad , which still did die with the bearer , and never descended to posteritie . That we may not exemplifie in other nations ( which would afforde great plenty , ) but in our own . King Eadgar was called the Peaceable , king Ethelred the Vnreadie , king Edmund for his Valour , Iron-side ; king Harold the Hare-foote , Eadric the Streona , that is , the Getter or Streiner , Siward the Degera , that is , the Valiant , King William the first , Bastard , king William the second Rouse , that is , the Red , king Henry the first Beauclarke , that is , Fine Scholler : so in the house of Aniou which obtained the Crowne of England , Geffrey the first Earle of Aniou was surnamed Grisogonel , that is , Grey-cloake , Fulco his sonne Nerra , his grand-childe Rechi● , for his extortion . Againe , his grand-childe Plantagenet , for that he ware commonly a broome-stalke in his bonnet . His sonne Henry the second , king of England , Fitz-Empresse , because his mother was Empresse , his sonne king Richard had for surname Corde-Lion , for his lion-like courage , as Iohn was called Sans-terre , that is , Without land : So that wheras these names were never taken vp by the sonne , I knowe not why any should thinke Plantagenet to be the surname of the royall house of England , albeit in late yeeres many have so accounted it . Neither is it lesse strange , why so many should thinke Theodore or Tydur , as they contract it , to be the surname of the Princes of this Realme since king Henry the seaventh . For albeit Owen ap Mer●dith Tydur , which married Katharine the daughter of Charles the sixth king of France , was grandfather to king Henry the seventh , yet that Tydur , or Theodore was but the Christian name of Owens grandfather . For Owens father was Meredith ap Tydur , Ap Grone , Ap Tydur , who all without Surnames iterated Christian names , after the olde manner of the Britaines , and other nations heeretofore noted , and so lineally deduced his pedegree from Cadwallader king of the Britans , as was found by Commission directed to Griffin ap Lewellin ; Gitteu Owen , Iohn King , and other learned men both English and Welsh in the seaventh yeare of the said king Henry the seventh . Likewise in the line Royall of Scotland , Milcolme , or Malcolme was surnamed Canmore , that is , Great head , and his brother , Donald , Ban , that is , White : Alexander the first , the Prowde , Malcolme the fourth , the Virgine , William his brother the Lion. As amongest the Princes of Wales , Brochvail Schitrauc , that is , Gaggtothed , Gurind , Barmbtruch , that is , Spade-bearded , Elidir Coscorvaur , that is , Heliodor the Great house-keeper , and so in Ireland Murough Duff . that is , Blacke : 〈◊〉 Roo . that is , Red : Nemoliah , that is , full of wounds : Patric Ban , that is , White : Gavelc● , that is , Fetters . To seeke therefore the auntient Surnames of the royall , and most antient families of Europe , is to seeke that which never was . And , therefore greatly are they deceived which thinke Valoys to have beene the surname of the late French kings , or Borbon of this present king , or Habsburg , or Austriac of the Spanish king , or Steward of the late kings of Scotland , and now of BRITAINE , or Oldenburg of the Danish ; For ( as all know that have but sipped of Histories ) Valoys was but the Apponage and Earledome of Charles yonger sonne to Philip ▪ the second , from whome the late kings descended : so Borbon was the inheritance of Robert a yonger sonne to saint Lewes , of whom this king is descended : Habsburg and Austria were but the olde possessions of the Emperors and Spanish Kings progenitours . Steward was but the name of office to Walter , who was high Steward of Scotland , the progenitour of Robert first King of Scots of that family , and of the King our Soveraigne . And Oldenburg was but the Erledome of Christian the first Danish king of this family , elected about 1448. But yet Pl●●tagenet , Steward , Valois , Borbon , Habsburg , &c. by prescription of time have prevailed so farre , as they are now accounted surnames . But for surnames of Princes , well said the learned Marcus , Salon de Pace . Reges cognomiue now vt●ntur , q●●ia vt Regum familiae , & agnationes , & memoriae conserventur , 〈◊〉 cognomina non sunt necessaria prout in alijs inferioribus , quorum ipsa cognomina agnationum ac familiarum memori●● tutantur . About the yeare of our Lord 1000. ( that we may not minute out the time ) surnames beganne to be taken vp in France , and in England about the time of the Conquest , or else a very little before , vnder King Edward the Confessor , who was all Frenchified . And to this time doe the Scottishmen referre the antiquitie of their surnames , although Buchanan supposeth that they were not in vse in Scotland many yeares after . But in England certaine it is , that as the better sort , even from the Conquest by little and little tooke surnames , so they were not setled among the common people fully , vntill about the time of King Edward the second : but still varied according to the fathers name , as Richardson , if his father were Richard , Hodgeson , if his father were Roger , or in some other respect , and from thenceforth beganne to be established , ( some say by statute , ) in their posteritie . This will seeme strange to some Englishmen and Scotishmen , which like the Arcadians thinke their surnames as ancient as the Moone , or at the least to reach many an age beyond the Conquest . But they which thinke it most strange , ( I speake vnder correction , ) I doubt they will hardly finde any surname which descended to posteritie before that time : Neyther have they seene ( I feare ) any deede or donation before the Conquest , but subsigned with crosses and single names , without surnames in this manner in England ; Ego Eadredus confirmavi . ✚ Ego Edmundus corroboravi . ✚ Ego Sigarius conclusi . ✚ Ego Olfstanus consolidavi , &c. Likewise for Scotland , in an old booke of Duresme in the Charter , whereby Edgare sonne of King Malcolme , gave lands neere Coldingham to that Church , in the yeare 1097. the Scottish Noblemen witnesses therevnto , had no other surnames than the Christian names of their fathers . For thus they signed S. ✚ Gulfi filij M●niani , S ✚ Culverti filij Donecani , S ✚ Olavi filij Oghe , &c. As for my selfe , I never hitherto found any hereditarie Surname before the Conquest , neither any that I know : and yet both I my selfe and divers whom I know , have pored and pusled vpon many an old Record and Evidence to satisfie our selves heerein : and for my part I will acknowledge my selfe greatly indebted to them that wil cleare me this doubt . But about the time of the Conquest , I observed the very primary beginnings as it were of many surnames , which are thought very antient , when as it may be proved that their very lineall Progenitors bare other names within these sixe hundred yeers . Mortimer and Warren are accounted names of great antiquitie , yet the father of them ( for they were brethren ) who first bare those names , was Walterus de sancto Martino . He that first tooke the name of Clifford from his habitation , was the sonne of Richard , sonne of Puntz a noble Norman , who had no other name . The first Lumley was sonne of an antient English man called Liwulph . The first Gifford , from whome they of Buckingham , the Lords of Brimesfeld , and others descended , was the sonne of a Norman called Osbert de Belebe● . The first Windsor descended from Walter the sonne of Other Castellan of Windsor . The first who tooke the name of Shirley was the sonne of Sewall , descended from Fulcher without any other name . The first Nevill of them which are now , from Robert the sonne of Maldred , a braunch of an olde English familie who married Isabel the daughter and heire of the Nevills which came out of Normandy . The first Level came from 〈◊〉 de Perce●●●ll . The first Montacute was the sonne of Drogo ●●venis , as it is in Record . The first Stanley of them now Earles of Derby was likewise sonne to Ad●vn de Aldeleigh , or Audley , as it is in the olde Pedegree in the Eagle tower of Latham . And to omit others , the first that tooke the name of de Burgo , or Burks in Ireland was the sonne of an English man called William Fitz Aldelni● ; as the first of the Girald●●es also in that Countrey was the sonne of an Englishman called Girald of Windsor . In many more could I exemplifie , which shortly after the conquest , tooke these surnames , when either their fathers had none at all , or else most different , whatsoever some of their posteritie doe overweene of the antiquitie of their names , as though in the continuall mutabilitie of the worlde , conversions of States , and fatall periods of families , five hundred yeeres were not sufficient antiquitie for a family or name , whenas but very few have reached thereunto . In the autentical Record of the Exchequer called Domesday , Surnames are first found , brought in then by the Normans , who not long before first tooke them : but most noted with de , such a place as Godefridus de Mannevilla ; A. de Grey . Walterus de Vernon ; Robert de Oily , now Doyley ; Albericus de Vere ; Radulphus de Pomerey ; Goscelinus de Dive . Robertus de Busl●● Guilielmus de Moiun ; R. de Brai●se ; Rogerus de Lacy ; Gislebertus de Venables , or with Filius , as Ranulphus , Asculphi , Guilielmis ; filius Osbernie , Richardus filius Gisleberti ; or else with the name of their office , as Eudo Depifer : Guil : Camerarius , Hervaeus Legatus , Gislebertus Cocus , Radulphus Venator : but very many with their Christian names onlie , as Olaff , Nigellus , Eustachius , Baldricus , with single names are noted last in every shire , as men of least account , and as all , or most vnderholders specified in that Booke . But shortly after , as the Romans of better sorte had three names according to that of Iuvenal , Tanquam habeas trianomina , & that of Ausonius , Tria nomina nobiliorum . So it seemed a disgrace for a Gentleman to have but one single name , a● the meaner sorte and bastards had . For the daughter and 〈◊〉 of Fitz - 〈◊〉 a great Lord , as Robert of Gloucester in the Librarie of the industrious Antiquary maister Iohn Stowe writeth , when king Henry the first would have married hir to his base sonne Robert , she first refusing answered ; It were to me a great shame , To have a Lord without'n his twa name . whereupon the king his father gave him the name of Fitz-Roy , who after was earle of Gloucester , and the onely Worthy of his age . To reduce surnames to a Methode , is matter for a Ramist , who should happly finde it to be a Typocosmie : I will plainely set downe from whence the most have beene deduced , as farre as I can conceive , hoping to incurre no offence heerein with any person , when I protest in all sinceritie , that I purpose nothing lesse than to wrong any man in any respect , or to make the least aspersion vpon any whosoever . The end of this scribling labour tending onely to maintaine the honor of our names against some Italianated , who admiring strange names , doe disdainefully contemne their owne countrey names : which I doubt not but I shall effect with the learned and iudicious , to whom I submit all that I shall write . The most surnames in number , the most antient , and of best accompt , have been locall , deduced from places in Normandy and the countries confining , being either the patrimonaill possessions or native places of such as served the Conquerour , or came in after out of Normandy ; as Aulbeny , or Mortimer , Warren , Albigny , Percy , Gournay , Devreux , Tankervil , Saint-Lo , Argenton , Marmion , Saint Maure , Bracy , Maigny , Nevill , Ferrers , Harecourt , Baskervile , Mortaigne , Tracy , Beufoe , Valoyns , Cayly , Lucy , Montfort , Bonvile , Bovil , Auranch , &c. Neither is there any village in Normandy , that gave not denomination to some family in England ; in which number are all names , having the French De , Du , Des , De-la prefixt , & beginning or ending with Font , Fant , Beau , Sainct Mont , Bois , Aux , Eux , Vall , Vaux , Cort , Court , Fort , Champ , Vil , which is corruptly turned in some into ●eld , as in Ba●kerfeld , Somerfeld , Dangerfeld , Trubl●feld , Gr●●feld , 〈◊〉 , for B●●kervil , Somervil , Dangervil , Turbervil , Gree●●vil , 〈◊〉 vil ; and in others into Well , as Boswell for B●ssevil , 〈◊〉 for Freschevil . As that I may note in passage , the 〈◊〉 Nobilitie take their names from places adding Ski or Ki thereunto . Out of places in Britaine came the families of Saint Aubin , Mor●ey , D●nant , lately called Denham , D●le , Bal●● , Conquest , Valtort , Lascells , Bluet , &c. Out of other partes of Fraunce from places of the same names came , Courtney , Corby , B●ll●in , Crevecuer , Sai●t-Leger , Bohun , Saint George , Saint Andrew , Chaworth , Sainct Qu●●ti● , Gorges , Villiers , Cromar , Paris , Reims , Cressy , Fines , 〈◊〉 , Coignac , Lyons , Chalons , Chaloner , Estampes , or Stampes , and many more . Out of the Netherlands came the names of Levayne , Gaunt , Ipres , Bruges , Malines , Odingsells , Tournay , Doway , Buers , Beke ; and in latter ages Dabridgecourt , Robsert , M●●y , Grand●son , &c. From places in England and Scotland infinite likewise . For every towne , village , or hamlet hath made names to families , as Darbyshire , Lancaster , ( do not looke that I should as the Nomenclators in olde time marshall every name according to his place ) Essex , Murray , Clifford , Stafford , Barkley , Leigh , Lea , Hasting , Hamleton , Gordon , Lumley . Douglas , Booths , Clinton , Heydon , Cleydon , Hicham , Henningham , Popham , Ratcliffe , Markham , Seaton , Framingham , Pagrave , Cotton , Cari● , Hume , Poinings , Goring , Prideaux , Windsor , Hardes , Stanhope , Sydenham , Needehaus , Dimoc , Wi●nington , Allington , D●cre , Thaxton , Whitney , Willoughby , Apseley , Crew , Kniveton , Wentworth , Fa●shaw , Woderington , Manwood , Fetherston , Penrudock , Tremaine , Trevoire , Killigrew , Roscarroc , Carminow , and most families in Cornewall , of whome I have heard this Rythme : By Tre , Ros , Pol , Lan , Caer and Pen , You may know the most Cornish men . Which signifie a towne , a health , a poole , a church , a castle , or cittie , and a foreland , or promontory . In like sort many names among the Romans were taken from places , as Tarquinius , Gabinus , Volscius , Vatinius , Norbanus , from Tarquini , Gabij , Volic● , Vatia , Norba , townes in Italie , Sigo●ius and other before him have observed ; and likewise Amerinus , Carrinas , Macenas as Varre noteth . So Ruric●us , Fonteius , Fundanus , Agellius , &c. Generally , all these following are locall names , and all which have their beginning or termination in them , the significations whereof , for the most parte , are commonly knowne . To the rest now vnknowne , I will adioyne somwhat briefly out of A●fricus and others , reserving a more ample explication to his proper place . AKER , drawne from the Latine Ager . AY , vide Eye . BAC , Fre : A Ferry . BACH , the same which Bee a river , [ Munster . ] BANCKE . BARNE . BARROVV , vide Burrow . BATHE . BEACHE . BEAME , a Trunck , or stock of a tree . BEAKE or Bec , ( as Bach ) vsed in the North. BEGIN , a building . Alfricus . BENT , A place where rushes grow . BEARNE , A wood . Beda lib. 4. cap. 2. BERTON or Barton . BERRY , a Court. Others make it a hill from the Dutch word Berg , some take it to bee the same with Burrow , and onely varied in dialect . BEORH , Adceruus , as Stane Beorh , Lapidum accruus [ Glossarium vetus . ] BOLD , from the Dutch Bol , a Fe●ne . BYE , From the Hebrew Beth , an habitation . [ Alfricus ] BOIS , Fr : A wood . BORROVGH , from the Latine Burgu● , a fortified place or defence , pronounced in the South partes Bury , in other Burgh and Brough , and often Berry and Barrow . Alfricus . BORNE , or Burne , a river . BOTTLE , An house in the North partes . Alfricus turneth it Aedes , & Aedilis , Bottleward . BOOTH . BRIDGE . BROME-FIELD . BRVNN , A fountaine from Burne . BRIEVVR , Fr : An Heath . BROVGH , See Burrowgh . BVRY , See Burrow . BVRGH , See Burrowgh . BVRNE , Vide Borne . BVSH . BVTS . CAER , But a fortefied place , or Citty . CAMPH . CAPELL , the same with Chapell . CAR , A low waterie place where Alders do grow , or a poole . CARNES , the same with stones . CASTELL . CASTER , Chester , Cester , Chaster , the same varied in Dialect , a Citty or walled place derived frō Castrum . CAVE . CHVRCH . CASTER , See Chester . CHANELL . CHAPPELL . CHASE . CLEY , or Clay . COVE , A small creeke . CLIFF , and Cleve . CLOVGH , A deepe descent betweene hills . COB , A forced harborow for ships , as the Cob of Linne in Dorsetshire . COPE , The top of a high hill . COMER , a word in vse both in France and England for a valley between two high hills . Nicotius . COTE . COVRTE . COVERT , Fr : A shadowed place or shade . CRAGGE . CREEK . CROFT , Translated by Abbo Floriacencis in Praedium a Farme . Our Ancestours would say prover . bially of a very poore man , that He had ne Toft , ne Croft . CROSSE . DALE . DELLE , A dike . DENE , A small valley contrary to Doun . DEEPES . DERNE , See Terne . DICH , or Dish . DIKE . DOCK . DON , corruptly sometime for Ton or Towne . DON , and Doun , all one , varied in pronuntiation , a high hill or Mont. [ Alfricus . ] ENDE . EY , a watery place as the Germans vse now Aw , Ortelius . Alfricus translateth Amnis into Ea or Eye . FARME . FIELD . FELL , Sax : Cragges , barren and stony hills . FENN . FLEET , a small streame . FOLD . FORD . FORREST . FOOTE . FONT , or Funt , a spring . FRITH , A plaine amiddest woods : but in Scotland a streight betweene two lands , from the Latine Fretum . GARNET , a great granary . GARDEN . GARTH , A yarde . GATE . GILL , A small water . GLIN , Welsh , A dale . GORST , Bushes . GRANGE , Fr : A barne ( Nicotius . ) GRAVE , A dich or trench , or rather a wood , for in that sence I have read Grava in old deedes . GRAVET , The same with ●rove . GREENE . GROVE . HALE , or Haule , from the Latine Aula , in some names turned into All. HAM , Mansio [ Beda ] which we call now Home , or house often abridged into Am. HATCH ▪ HAVVGH , or Ho●gh , A greene plot in a valley , as they vse it in the North. HAY , Fr : A hedge . HEAD , and Heveth , a Foreland ▪ Promōtory , or high place . HEADGE . HEATH . HERST , See Hurst . HERN● , Sax : A house Beda , who translateth Whatbern , Candida casa . HITH , A Haven . [ Alfricus . HIDE , So much land as one plough can plow in a yeare . HILL , Often in composition changed into Hull and Ell. HOLME , Plaine grassie ground vpon water sides , or in the water . [ Buchanan ] HOLT , A wood , Nemus , [ Alfricus . HOLD , A tenement , or the same with Holl ▪ HOPE . The side of a● hill , but in the North , a low ground amidst the tops of hills . HOVV , or H●● , An high place . HORN . See Hurn . HOVSE . HVLL , See Hill , HVNT . HVRNE , or Horn , A corner Alfricu● . HVRST , or Herst , A wood ING , A meadow or low ground , Ignulphus , and the Danes still keep it . ISLE , or I le . KAY , A landing place , a wharfe , the old Glossary Kaij , Cancelli . KNAP . KNOLL , The top of a hill . KYRK , A Church , from the Greeke Kuriace , that is , the Lords house . LADE , Passage of waters , Aquaeductus in the olde glossarie is translated Water-lada . LAKE . LAND . LANE . LATH , A Barne among them of Lincolnshire . LAVND , A plaine among trees . LAVV , A hill in vse among the hither Scottishmen . LE , Brit : A place . LEY , and Leigh , the same , or a pasture . L'LYS , Brit : A place . LOD , See Lad. LOCK , A place where rivers are vnstopped , or a lake , as the word is vsed in the North parts . LOPPE , Salebra , An vneven place which cannot be passed without leaping . LOVND , the same with Laund . MARCH , A limit , or confines . MARKET . MEAD● . MEDOVV . MERE . MESNILL , or Menill , in Norman French , A mansion house . MERSH . MILL . MYNE . MINSTER , contracted from Monastery , in the north , Mouster , in the South Mister . MORE . MOSSR . MOTE . MOVTH , Where a river falleth into the sea , or into another water . NESS , A promontory , for that it runneth into the sea as a nose . NORE , The same with North. ORCHARD OVER , and contractly , Ore. PACE PARKE PEN , brit : the top of an hill , or mountaine PITTS PLACE PLAT , Fr : Plaine ground PLAYN POLE POND PORT POVVND PRAT , Fre : A meddow PRINDLE , The same with Crost QVARRY REYKE RIDGE , and RIG RING , An enclosure ROAD ROVV , Fre : A streete Raw in the north . ROS , brit : A heath RY , Fr : from Rive , a shore , coast , or bancke RILL , A small brooke RITHY , brit : from Rith a forde SALE , Fre : a Hall , an entraunce [ Iunius ] SAND , or SANDS SCARR , a craggy stony hill SETT , Habitation or seate , Ortelius SCHELL , a spring : See Skell SHAVV , Many trees neere together , or shadowe of trees . SHALLOVVE SHEAL , A cottage , or shelter , the word is vsuall in the wastes of Northumberland and Cumberland . SHORE SHOT , or SHVT , A Keepe [ Munster ] SKELL , a Well in the olde northerne English SLADE SLOVVE , A mi●y foule place SMETH , a smoothe plaine field , a woorde vsuall in Norffolke and Suffolke SPIR , PYRAMIS : A shaft to the olde English , or spire steeple . SPRING STAKE STRAND , A banke of a river STRET STROAD , STROVD : as some doe thinke , the same with Strand . STABLE , as STALE . STALE and STAPLE , the same : A storehouse . STAPLE STED , from the Dutch Stadt , a standing place , a station . STEEPLE STE● , A banke [ Alfricus ] STILE , STOCKE STOKE , the same with Stow STONE , or STANE STOVV , a place . Alfricus STRAITH , a vale along a river SYDE TEMPLE TERN , or DERN , a standing poole , a word vsuall in the North. THORN THORP , from the Dutch : Dorpe , a village THVRN , a tower : Ortelius THVVAIT , a word only vsed in the north , in addition of Townes : some take it for a pasture from the Dutch Hwoit TOFT , a parcell of ground where there hath beene a house : but for Toft and Croft , enquire of Lawyers . TOR , a high place or tower TREY , brittish from Tref a Towne TRENCH TREE Vale VAVLX , the same in french VPP VNDER WALD , a Wood ; the same with Wild. WALL WARE , or WEAR WARK , or WERK , a worke or building WARREN WAST , A desart or solitary place . WASH WATH , a foorde ; a worde vsuall in Yorkeshire WATER WAY WICK , and WICH , ī short , the curving or rech of a River , or the Sea : Iunius , Rhenanus : But our Alfric , and so Tillius maketh it a Castle , or little Port. WICH , ī Long , a salt spring . WELL WILD WOLD , hills without wood WOOD WORTH , auntiently Worth and Woorthid : Alfricus makes it Praedium , a possession or Farme : Abbo translateth it a court or place : Ki●●anus a Fort and an Isle . YARD YATE , or YATES At a word , all which in English had Of set before them , which in Cheshire and the North was contracted into A , as Thomas a Dutton , Iohn a Standish , Adam a Kirkby , and all which in La●ine old ●vi●ences have had De praefixed , as all heeretofore sp●cified , were borrowed from places . As those which had Le set before them , were not ●●call , but given in other respects . As I● Marshall , Le L●●ner , Le Despencer , Le Scroope . Le Sav●●e , Le ●av●sour . Le Strange . Le Norice , Le Fscriva● , Le Bl●●d , Le Molineux , Le Bret. As they also which were never noted with De or Le , in which number I have observed , Gifford B●sset , Arundel , Howard , Talb●● , Bellot , Bigot , Bagot , Ta●leboise , Tale●●ch , Gern●● , L●vell , Lovet , Fortescu , Pancevolt , Tirell , Biund or Blunt , Bisset , Bacun , &c. And these distinctions of locall names with De , and other with Le , or simply , were religiously observed in Recordes vntill about the time of king Edward the fourth . Neither was there , as I said before , or is there any towne , village , hamlet , or place in England , but hath made names to families , and so many names are locall which doe not seeme so , because the places are vnknowne to most men , and all knowne to no one man : as who would imagine Whitegift , Powlet , Bacon , Creping , Alshop , Tirwhit , Antrobus , Heather , Hartshorne , and many such like to be locall names , and yet most certainely they are . Many also are so changed by corruption of speach , and altered , so strangely to significative wordes by the common sort , who desire to make all to be significative , as they seeme nothing lesse than locall names ; as Wormwood , Inkepen , Tiptow , Moone , Maners , Drinkewater , Cuckold , Goddolphin , Harlestone , Waites , Smalbacke , Loscotte , Devill . Neithe●mill , Bellows , Filpot , Wod●l , &c. for Ormund , Ingepen , Tiptoft , Mahune , Manors , Derwentwater , Cuckswold , Godolchan , Hudleston . Th●●ts , Smalbach , ●●scot , Davill , or D'Eivill , Nettervil , Bell-house , Phillipot , Wahul , &c. Neither is it to be omitted , that many locall names had At prefixed before them in olde Evidences , as At More , A● Stow , At Ho , At Bower , At Wood , At ●owne , &c. which A● , as it hath beene removed from some , so hath it beene conioyned to other , as Atwood , Atslowe , Atho , Atwell , Atmor . As S also is ioyned to most now , as Mannors , Kn●les , Crofts , Yates , Gates , Thornes , Groves , Hills , Combes , Holmes , Stokes , &c. Rivers also have imposed names to some men , as they have to Townes situated on them ; as that olde Ba●on ●ur-Teys , that is , on the river Teys running betweene Yorkshire and the Bishoppricke of Duresine , Derwent-water , I de● , Troutbecke , Hartgill , Esgill , Wampull , Swale , Stoure , Temes , Trent , Tamar , Grant , Tine , Croc , Lone , Lun , Calder , &c. as some at Rome were called Tiberij , An●eni , Aufidij , &c , bicause they were borne neere the rivers Tibris , Anten , Ausidus , as Iulius Paris noteth . Divers also had names from trees neere their habitations , as Oke , Aspe , Box , Alder , El●●e , Elder , Beach , Coigniers , that is , Q●ince , Zouch , that is , the trunke of a tree , Cursy and Curson , the stocke of a Vine , Pine , Plumme , Chesney or Cheyney , that is , Oke , Dauney , that is , Alder , Foulgiers , that is , Fearne , Vine , Ashe , Hawthorne , Turres , Bush , Hasle , Coularay , that is , Has●ewood , Bucke , that is , ` Beech , Willowes , Thorne , Broome , Blocke , &c. which in former time had at praefixed , as at Beech , at Furres , at Ashe , at ●lme . And heere is to be noted , that diverse of this sorte have beene strangely contracted , as at Ashe into Tash , at Oke into Toke , at Abbey into Tabbey ; at the End into Th end ; As in Saints names , Saint Olye into Tolye , Saint Ebbe into Saint Tabbe , Saint Osyth into Saint Tows . Many strangers also comming hither , and residing here , were named of their Countries , as Picard , Scot , Lombard , Flemming , French , Bigod , that is , superstitious , or Norman . ( For so the Frenchmen calld the Normans , because at every other word they would sweare , ) By God ; Bretton , Britaine , Bret , Burgoin , Germain , Westphaling , Dane , Daneis , Man , Gascoigne , Welsh , Walsh , Walleys , Irish , Cornish , Cornwallis , Fasterling , Maigne , Champneis , Poitevin , Angevin . Loring , that is , de Lotharingia , &c. And these had commonly Le praefixed in Records and Writings , as Le Fle●●ing , Le Picard , Le Bret , &c. viz. the Flemming , the Picard . In respect of situation to other neere places rise these vsuall names , Norrey , North ▪ South , East , Weast ▪ and likewise Northcote , Southcote , Estcote , Westcote ; which also had originally At set before them . Yea the names of Kitchin , Hall , Sellar , Parler , Church , Lodge &c. may seeme to have been borrowed from the places of birth , or most frequent abode ; as among the Greekes , Anato●●us . i. East Zephirius , i. Weast , &c. Whereas therefore these locall denominations of families are of no great antiquitie , I can not yet see why men should thinke that their Auncestours gave names to places , when the places bare those very names , before anie men did their Surnames . Yea the very terminations of the names are such as are onely proper and appliable to places , and not to persons in their significations , if any will marke the Locall ●erminations which I lately specified . Who would suppose Hil , Wood , Field , Ford , Ditch , Pole , Pond , Towne , or Ton , and such like terminations to bee convenient for men to beare in their n●mes , vnlesse they could also dreame Hilles , Woods , Fieldes , Fordes , Ponds , Pounds &c. to have beene m●tamorphosed into men by some supernaturall transformation . And I doubt not but they will confesse that Townes stand longer then families continue . It may also be prooved that many places which nowe have Lordes denominated of them , had Lordes and owners of other Surnames , and families not many hundred yeeres since . But a sufficient proofe it is of anti●nt descent where the inhabitant had his Surname of the place where he inhabiteth , as Compton of Compton , Terringham of Terringham , Egerton of Egerton , Portington of Portington , Skeffington of Skeffington , Beeston of Beeston , &c. I know neverthelesse , that albeit most Townes have borrowed their names from their situation , and other respectes ; yet some with apt terminations have their names from men , as Edwarston , Alfredston , Vbsford , Malmesbury , corruptly for Maidu●p●sbury . But these names were from fore-names or Christian names , and not fro● Surnames . For Ingulphus plainely sheweth , that W●burton ▪ and Leffrington were so named , because two knights , Wiburt , and Leofric there sometimes inhabited . But if any should affirme that the Gentlemen named Le●frington , Wiburton , Lancaster , or Leicester , Bossevill , or Shordich , gave the names to the places so named , I woulde humbly , without preiudice , crave respite for a further day before I beleeved them . And to say as I thinke , verily when they shall better advise themselves , and marke well the terminations of these , and such like Locall names , they will not presse me ov●r eagrely heerein . Notwithstanding , certaine it is that Surnames of families have beene adioyned to the names of places for distinction , or to notifie the owner , as Melton Mowbray , Higham Ferrers , Minster-L●vel , Stansted Rivers , Drayton-Basset , Drayton-Beauchamp , &c. for that they were the possessions of Mowbray , Ferrers , Level , &c. Neither do I denie , but some among vs in former time , aswell as now , dreaming of immortalitie of their names , have named their houses after their owne names , as Camois-Court , Hamons , Bretts , Bailies , Theobaldes , whenas now they have possessors of other names . And the olde verse is , and alwayes will be verified of them , which a right worshipfull friend of mine not long since writ vpon his new house : Nunc mea , mox ●uius , sed posteà nescio cuius . Neither must all , having their names from places , suppose that their Auncestors were either Lordes , or possessors of them ; but may assure themselves , that they originally came from them , or were borne at them . But the Germans and Polonians doe cleare this errour by placing In before the Locall names , if they are possessours of the place , or Of , if they onelie were borne at them , as Martinus Cromerus noteth . The like also seemeth to be in vse in the Marches of Scotland , for there you shall have Trotter of Folshaw , and Trotter in Fogo , Haitly of Haitly , and H●●ly in Haitly . Whereas since the time of king Henry the third the Princes children tooke names from their natall places , as Edward of Carnarvon , Thomas of Brotherton , Ioann● of Acres , ●●dmund of Woodstocke , Iohn of Gaunt , who named his children by Cath. Swinford , Beaufort of the place wher they wer born● u● nothing to our purpose , to make further mentiō of thē whenas they never desc●nded to their posteritie . After this locall names , the most names in number have beene derived from Occupations , or Professions , as Taylor , Potter , Smith , Sadler , Arblaster , that is , Balistarius , Archer , Taverner , Chauser , i. Hosier , Weaver , Pointer , Painter , Walker , ●d est , Fuller in olde English , Baker , Baxter , Boulengem , all one in signification , Collier , Carpenter , Ioyner , Salter , Armorer , Spicer , Grocer , Monger , id est , Chapman , Brower . Brasier , Webster , Wh●eler , Wright , Cartwright , Shipwright , Banister , id est , Balneator , Forbisher , Farrar , Goff , id est , Smyth in Welsh . And most which end in Er in our tongue , as among the Latines , Artifice●s names have arius , as lu●tcariarius , vestiarius , calcearius , &c. or eo , or ●o for th●ir termi●ations , as Linteo , Pellio Phrygio . Neither was there any trade , craft , arte , profession , occupation never so meane , but had a name among vs commonly ending in Er , and men accordingly denominated , but some ●re worne out of vse , and therefore the significatio●● vnknowne , and other have beene mollified ridiculously by the bearers , lest they should seeme vilified by them . And yet the like names were amōg the noblest Romans , as Figul●s , Pictor , Fabritius , Scribon●●s , Sal●●tor , Rusticus , Agricola , Carbo , ●unarius , &c. And who can deny but they so named may be Gentlemen , if Virtue which is the soule of Gentrie shall ennoble them , and Virtus ( as one saieth ) Nulli pralusa est omnibus patet . Albeit Doctour Turner in a Booke against Stephan Cardiner saieth the contrary , exemplifying of their owne names . At which time wise was the man that tolde my Lord Bishop that his name was not Gardiner , as the English pronounce it , but Gardiner vvith the French accent , and therefore a Gentleman . Hitherto may be referred many that end in Man , as , Tubman , Carreman , Coachman , F●rriman , Clothman , Chapman , Spelman , id est , Learned man , Palf●iman , Horsman , &c. Many have beene assumed from offices , as , Chambers , Chamberlaine , Cooke , Spenser , that is , Steward , Marshall , Latimer , that is , Interpretour , Staller , that is , Constable or Standard-bearer , Reeve , Wo●dreeve , Sherif● , Sergeant , Parker , Foster , that is , Nourisher , Forraster , contractly Forster , Hunter , Kempe , that is , Souldier in olde English ; ( for Alfricus translateth T●ro , Yong-Kempe ) Faulconer , Fowler , Page , Butler , Clarke , Proctor , Abbot , Frier , Monke , Priest , Bishop , Spigurnell , that is , a sealer of Writs , which office was hereditarie for a time to the Bohunes of Midherst . Deacon , Deane , Bailive , Franklin , Leach , Warder , i. Keeper ; & frō th●nce Woodward , Millward , Steward , Dooreward , tha●● , Porter , Beareward , Heyward , Hereward , that is , Conserver of the armie , Bond , that is , Paterfamilias , as it is in the booke of olde termes belonging sometimes to Saint Augustine in Canterbury , and we retaine it in the compound Husb●nd . In which booke also Horden is interpreted a Steward . Names also have beene taken of honours , dignities , or estate , as King , Duke , Prince , Lord , Baron , Knight , Valuasor , or Vavasor , Squire , Castellan , partly for that their ancestours were such , served such , acted such parts , or were Kings of the Beane , Christmas Lords , &c. And the like names we reade among the Greeks and Romans , as Basi●us , Archias , Archel●● , Regulus , Servius , Flaminius , Caesarius , Augustulus : who notwithstanding were neither Kings , Priests , Dukes , or Caesars . Others from the qualities of the minde , as Good , Through good , Goodman , Goodchild , Wise , Hardie , Plaine , Light , Meeke , Bold , Best , Prowd , Sharpe , Still , Sweete , Speede , Quicke , Sure , &c. As those old Saxon names , Shire , that is , Cleere , Dyre , that is , Welbeloved , Blith , that is , merry , Drury , that is , jewell . Also these French names , Galliard , that is , Frolicke , Musard , that is , Delayer , Bland , that is , Fairespoken , Coigne , that is , Valiant , Baud , that is , Pleasant , Barrat ; Kus , Rush , that is , Subtile , and so is Prat in the old booke of Petreborrough , Huttin , that is , Mutiner . As among the Grecians , Agathias , A●dragathius , Sophocles , Eubulus , Eumenius ; Thraseas . Among the Romans , Prudentius , Lepidus , Cato , ` Pius , Valeus , Constans , Asper , Tacitus , Dulcitius , &c. And accordingly names were borrowed , as Plutarch saieth , from the nature of the man , from his actions , from some marke , forme or deformitie of his body , as Macrinus , that is , Long , Torquatus , that is , Chained , Sulla that is , White and Red : And in like sort , Mnemon , that is , Mindefull , Grypus , that is , Hawkes-nose , Callinicus , that is , Faire Victor . From the habit●des of body , and the perfections or imperfections thereof , many names have beene imposed , as Strong , Ar●●strong , Long , Low , Short , Broad , Bigge , Little , Speed , Faire , Goodbody , Free body , ●●ll , that is , Faire , Bell●t , that is , Bel●ulus , proper in French : Helder , that is , Thinne , Heile , that is , Healthfull , Fairfax , that is , Faire-lockes , in antient English Whitlocks . As those British names still in vse amongst vs , Vachan , that is , Little , Mool , that is , Bald , Gam , that is , Crooked , Fane , that is , S●lender , Grim , that is , Strong , Krich , that is , Curlepate , Grig , or Krig , that is , Hoarse . No more to bee disliked than this Greeke and Roman names , Ner● , that is , Strong , as also Romulu● ; Longus , Longinus , Minut●●s , Macros , Megasthenes , Calistus , Callisthenes , Paulus , Cincinnatus , Crispus , Caluus , Terentius , that is , tender according to Varr● . Gracchus , that is , Thinne , Bassus , that is , Fatte , Salus●●us , that is , Healthfull , and Cocles one-eye . As Pap●rius Masonius reporteth that Philippus Augustus King of France , was surnamed Borgne for his blinking with one eye . Others in respect of age have received names , as Yong , Olde , Baby , Child Stripling , as with the Romau● ▪ Senec●● , Priscus , Iuvenalis , Iunius , Virginius , &c. Some from the time wherein they were borne , as Winter , Summer , Christmas , Day , May , Sunday , Holiday , Munday , Pascall , Noel ▪ Penticost : as with the ancient Romans , Ianuarius , Martius , Manius , Lucius , F●stus , and Vergilius borne at the rising of the Vergiliae , or seaven starres , as Pontanus learnedly writeth against them which write his name Virgilius . Some from that which they commonly carried , as Palmer , that is , Pilgrime , for that they carried Palme when they returned from Hierusalem . Long-sword , Broad-speare , Fortescu , that is , Strong-shield , and in some such respect , Breake-speare , Shake-Speare , Shotbolt , Wagstaffe , Bagot , in the old Norman , the same with Scipio , that is , a stay or walking staffe with the Latines , which became a surname , for that Cornelius served as a stay to his Blinde father . Likewise Biliman , Hookeman , Talevas , of a shield so called , whereof William sonne of Robert de Belisme Earle of Shrewsbury had his name . Some from parts of the body , as Head , Redhead , Whitehead , Legge , Foote , Pollard , Arme , Hand , Lips , Hart , as Corculum , Capito , Pedo , Labeo , Naso , among the Romans . Garments have also occasioned names , as Hos , Hosatus , Hat , Cap , Frocke , Petycote , Gaicoat : as with the Romans , Caligula , Caracalla , Fimbria , and Hugh Capet , from whom this last house of France descended , was so called , for that hee vsed when he was young to snatch off his fellowes caps , if we believe Du Tillet . Not a few from colours of their complexions , garments , or otherwise have gotten names , as White , Blacke , Browne , Red , Greene , and those Norman names : Rous , that is , Red , Blunt or Blund , that is , Flaxen haire , and from these Russell and Blundell , Gris , that is , Gray , Pigot , that is , Speckled , Blanch and Blanc , that is , White , with those British or Welsh names , who whereas they were wont to depaint themselves with sundry colours , have also borrowed many names from the said colours , as Gogh , that is , Red , Gwin , that is , White , Dee , that is , Blacke , L●uid or ●lud , that is , R●sset : Names to be no more disliked than Albinus , Candidus , Flavius , Fulvius , Fusc●● , 〈◊〉 , C●cc●●us , Rutilius , Rufus , Niger , Nigrinus , among the Roman● and Pyrrhus , Chlorus , Le●cagus , Chryses , 〈◊〉 , &c. among the Graecians . Some from flowers and fruits , as Lilly , Li● , Rose , Peare , Nut , F●lbert , Peach , Pescod , Vetch , as faire names , as Lentu●us , Pis● , Fabius , among the Romans . Others from beasts , as Lambe , Lion , Boare , Beare , Bucke , Hind , Hound , Fox , Wolph , Hare , Hog , Roc , Broc , Badger , &c. Neither are these & such like to be disliked , whenas among the noblest Romans , Leo , Vrsicinus , Catulus , Lupus , Leporius , Aper , Apronius , Canimus , Cast●r , &c. and Cyrus , that is , Dog , with the Persians were very vsuall . From fishes likewise , as Playce , Salmon , Trowt , Cub , Gurnard , Herring , Pike , Pikerill , Breme , Burt , Whiting , Crab , Sole , Mullet , Base , &c. nothing inferiour to the Roman names , Murena , Phocas , Orata , that is , Gilihed , &c. for that happily they loved those fishes more than other . Many have beene derived from birds , as Corbet , that is , Raven , Arondell , that is , Swallow : the Gentlemen of which name , do beare those birds in their Coat-armours , Bisset , .i. Dove , Larke , Tisson , Chaffinch , Nitingall , Iay-Cocke , Peacocke , Sparrow , Swanne , Crow , Woodcocke , Eagle , Alecocke , Wilcocke , Handecocke , Hulet or Howlet , Wren , Gosling , Parret , Wilde goose , Finch , Kite , &c. As good names as these , Corvinus , Aquilius , Milvius , Gallus , Picus , Falco , Livia , .i. Stockedove , &c Therefore I cannot but mervaile why one should so sadly mervaile such names of beasts and birds to be in vse in Congo in Africa , when they are and have beene common in other Nations , as well as they were among the Troglodites inhabiting neere Congo in former times . Of Christian names as they have been without change , many more have beene made , as Francis , Herbert , Guy , Giles , Leonard , Michael , Lewis , Lambert , Owen , H●wel , Ioscelin , Humfry , Gilbert , Griffith , Griffin , Constantine , Iames , Thomas , 〈…〉 Godfrey , G●rvas , Randall , Alexander , Charles , Daniel , &c. Beside these & such like , many surnames are derived from those Christian names which were in vse about the time of the Conquest , & are found in the Record calld Doomesday book , & else where ; as Achard , Alan , Alpheg , Aldelme , Aucher , A●sel● , A●selm , A●sger , Askaeth , Hascuith , Alberic , Bagot , Baldric , Bardolph , Belchard , Berenger , Berner , Biso , Brient , Ca●●t , Knout or C●ute , Carbonell , Chettell , Colf , Corbet Corven , Crouch , Degory , Dod , Done , Donet , as it seemeth frō Donatus , Dru , Duncan , Durand , Eadid , Edolph , Egenulph , El●er , Eud● or Fde , Fabian , Fulcher , Gamelin , Gernegan , Girth , Goodwin , Godwin , Goodrich , Goodlucke , Grime , Grimbald , Guncelin , Guthlake , Haco or Hake , Hamon , Hamelin , Harding , Hasting , Herebrand , and many ending in Brand , Herman , Hervye Herward , Howard , Heward , Hubald , Hubert , Huldrich , Iollan , Ioll , contractly from Iulian , Iuo , or Iue , Kettell , Leofwin , Lewin , Levin , Liming , Macy , Maino , Maynerd , Meiler , Murdac , Nele , Norman , Oddo or Hode , Oger , Olave , Orso or Vrso , Orme , Osborne , Other , Payne , Picotte , Pipard , Pontz , Pu●tz , Reyner , Remy , Rolph , Rotroc , Saer , Searle , Semar , Sewal , Sanchet , Siwald , Siward , Staverd , Star , calf , Swain , Sperwicke , Talbot , Toly , Tovy , Turgod , Turrold , Turstan , Turchill , Vctred , or Oughtred , Vde , Vivian , Voner , Wade , Walarand , Wistan , Winoc , Walklin , Warner , Winebald , Wigod , Wigan , Wi●●arc , Woodnot , &c. And not onely these from the Saxons and Normans , but also many Britan or Welsh Christian names , as well in ancient time , as lately hath been taken vp for Surnames , when they came into England , as Chun , Blethin , Kenham , frō Cynan or Conanus , Gittin-Mervin , Bely , Sitsil , or Cesil , Caradoc , Madoc , Rhud , Ithell , Meric , Meredith , Edern , Bedow , from the English Bede , .i. A devout prayer , beside the Welsh Christian names vsuall and knowne to all As in like manner many names were made from the Praenomina among the Romans , as Spurilius , Statilius , Titius , from Spurius , Statius , Titus , And as Qu●itilian saieth , Agnom●● & cognomina 〈…〉 . By contracting or rather corrupting of Christian names , we have Terry from Theodorie , Frerry from Frederic , Collin and Cole from Nicholas , Tebald from Theobald , Iessop , from Ioseph , Aubry , from Alberic , Amery , from Almeric , Garret , from Gerrard , Nele , from Nigel , Elis , from Elias , Bets , from Beatus , as Bennet , from Benedict , &c. By addition of S to Christian names , many have beene taken , as Williams , Rogers , Peters , Peirs , Davies , Harris , Roberts , Simonds , Guyes , Stevens , Richards , Hughes , Iones , &c. From Nicknames or Nursenames , came these ( pardon me if it offend any , for it is but my coniecture , ) Bill for William , Clem for Clement , Nat for Nathaniel , Mab for Abraham , Kit for Christopher , Mund for Edmund , Hall for Harry , At and Atty for Arthur , Cut for Cuthberd , Mill for Miles , Baul and Bald for Baldwin , Ran for Randal , Crips for Crispin , Turk for Turktetill , Sam for Sampson or Samuell , Pipe for Pipard , Gib for Gilbert . Dan for Daniel , Greg for Gregory , Bat for Barthobnewe , Law for Lawrence , 〈◊〉 for Timothy , Rol for Rolland , Ieff for Ieffrey , Dun for Duncan or Dunstan , Duke for Marmaduke , Daye for David , God. For Godfrey or Godard , for otherwise I cannot imagine how that most holy name vnfit for a man , and not to be tolerated , should be appropriate to any man : and many such like which you may learne of Nurses . By adding of S to these Nicknames or Nursenames , in all probabilitie we have Robins , Nicks , Nicolls , Tho●s , Dickes , Hickes , Wills , Sims , Sams , Iecks , Iucks , Collins , Ienks , Munds , Hodges , Hobs , Dobi , Saunders from Alexander , Gibs from Gilbert , Cuts from Cuthberd , Bats from Barthol●●we Wats from Walter , Philips from Philip , Hai●es from Anulphus , as some will , for Ainulphesbury in Cambridgshire is contracted to Aiusbury , and such like . Many likewise have beene made by adioyning Ki●● and Ius to those nursenames , making them in Ki●s as it were diminutives , & those in Ius , as Patronymica . For so Alfric Archbishop of Canterbury , & the most ancient Saxon Grammarian of our Nation , noteth that names taken from Progenitours , do end in Ins ; so Dickins , that is , little Dick , Perkins from Peir or Peter , little Petre ; so Tomkins , Wilkins , Hutchins , Huggins , Higgins , Hitchins ; from Hughe , Lambkins , Hopkins , Hobkins ; from Hob , Dobbin● , Robbins , Atkins ; from Arthur , Gibbins , Simkins , Hodgekins , Hoskins , Watkins , Ienkins , Iennings , Tipkins ; from Tibald , Daukins ; from Davy , Rawlins from Ra●ul , that is , Rafe , and Hankin for Rand●ll in Cheshire . In this manner did the Romans very names , as Constans , Constantius , Constantinus ; Iustus , Iustulus , Iustinus , Iustinianus : Aurelius , Aureolus , Aurelianus , Augustus , Augustinus , Augustinianus , Augustulus , &c , Beside these , there are also other diminitive names after the French Analogie in Et or Ot , as Willet ; from Will , Haket ; from Hake , Bartlet ; from Bartholmew , Millet from Miles , Huet from Hughe , Allet from Allan , Collet from Cole , Guyet from Guy , Eliot from Elias and Beckvet , that is , Little Sharpe nose . But many more by addition of Son , to the Christian or Nickname of the father , as Williamson , Richardson , Dickson , Harryson , Gibson ; for Gilbertson , Simson , Simondson , Stevenson , Dauson ; for Davison , Morison , Lawson , id est , Lawrenson , Robinson , Cutbertson , Nicholson , Tomson , Willson , Leweson , Iobson , Waterson , Watson , Peerson , and Pierson , Peterson , Ha●son from Hankin , Wilkinson , Danison for Daniel , Benison , and Benson from Bennet , Denison , Patison ; from Patrick , Ienkinson , Matison ; from Mathew , Colson ; from Cole , or Nicholl , Rogerson , Herdson ; from Herdingson , Hodgskinson , Hugheson , Hulson ; from Huldric , Hodson from Hod or Odd● , Nelson from Neale or Nigell , Davidson , Saunderson , Iohnson , Raulson ; from Raoul or Ralf . So the ancient Romans vsed Publipor , Marcip●r , Lucipor ; for Publij puer , Marci puer , Lucij puer , according to Varro : As afterwards in the Capitolin Tables , they were wont to note both father and grandfather for proofe of their gentry in abbreviations , as A. Sempronius , Aulifilius Lucij Nep●s , that is , 〈◊〉 Se●pronius , sonne of Aulus , grandchild or nephew of Lucius , C. Martius , L. F. C. N. &c. Neither is it true which some say , Omnia nomina in Son sunt boralis generis , whenas it was vsuall in every part of the Realme . Some also have had names from their mothers , as Fitz-parnell , Fitz-Isabell , Fitz-Mary , Fitz-Emme , Mandle●s , Susans , Mawds , Grace , Emson , &c. As Vespasian the Emperour , from Vespasia Polla his mother , and Popaea Sabina the Empresse , from her grandmother . In the same sence it continueth yet in them which descended from the Normans , Fitz-Hughe , Fitz-william , Fitz-Herbert , Fitz-Geffrey , Fitz-Simon , Fitz-Alian , Fitz-Owen , Fitz-Randoll , being names taken from their Progenitours , as among the Irish , Mac-william , Mac-Cone , Mac-Dermot , Mac-Mahon , Mac-Donell , Mac-Arti , .i. the sonne of Arthur . So among the Welsh-Britans likewise , Ap-Robert , Ap-Evans , Ab-Yihel , Ap-Hary , Ap-Hughe , Ap-Rice , Ap-Richard , Ap-Howell , Ap-Enion , Ap-Owen , Ap-Henry , Ap-Rhud , which be contracted into Probert , Bevans , Bythell , Parry , Pughe , Price , Prichard , Powell , Benion , B●wen , Peurbye , Prud , &c. So in the borders of England and Scotland , Gawis I●k , for Iohn the sonne of Gawin , Richies Edward , for Edward the sonne of Richard , Iony Riches Will , for William the sonne of Iohn , sonne of Richard. The like I have heard to be in vse among the meaner sort in Cornwall . Daintie was the devise of my Host at Grantham , which would wisely make a difference of degrees in persons , by the terminations of names in this word Son , as betweene Robertson , Robinson , Robson , Hobson ; Richardson , Dickson , and Dickinson ; Willson , Williamson , and Wilkinson , Iackson , Iohnson , Ienkinson , as though the one were more worshipful than the other by his degrees of comparison . The names of aliance , have also continued in some for surnames , as where they of one family being of the same Christian name , were for distinction called R. Le Frere , Le Fitz , Le Cosm , that is , Brother , the Sonne , &c. all which passed in time into Surnames . Many names also given in merriment for By-names or Nicke-names have continued to posteritie : as Malduit for ill schollership , or ill taught , Mallieure commonly Mallyvery , i. Malus Leporarins , for ill hunting the hare , Pater noster for devout praying . The Frenchman , which craftily , and cleanely conveyed himselfe and his prisoner , T : Crioll a great Lord in Rent , about the time of King Edward the second out of Fraunce , and had therefore Swinfield given him by Crioll , as I have read , for his fine conveyance , was then called Fineux , and left that name to his posteritie . So Baldwin le-Pettour , who had his name , and held his land in Suffolke , Per saltum , sufflum & pettum , sive bumbulum , for dauncing , pout-puffing , and dooing that before the King of England in Christmasse holy dayes , which the worde Pet signifieth in French. Inquire if you vnderstand it not of Cloacinas chaplaines , or such as are well read in A●ax . Vpon such like occasions names were given among the Romans , as Tremellius was called Scropha or Sow , because when he had hid his neighbours Sow vnder a padde , and commanded his wife to lie dovvne thereon ; he sware when the owner came in to seeke the Sow , that hee had no Sow but the great Sow that lay there , poynting to the padde , and the Sow his vvife . So one Cornelius was surnamed Asina , for that when he was to put in assurance for payment of certaine summes in a purchase , hee brought his Asse laden with money , and made ready payment . So Augustus named his dwarfe Sarmentum , i. sprigge , and Tiberius called one Tricongius , for carowsing three gallons of wine . So Servilius was called Ala , for carrying his dagger vnder his arme-pit , vvhen hee killed Spurius . So Pertinax the Emperor being stubbernly resolute in his youth to be a wood monger as his father vvas , vvhen hee vvoulde have made him a Scholler , vvas named Pertinax . So the father of Valens the Emperour , who was Camp-maister heere in Britaine , for his fast holding a rope in his youth , vvhich 〈◊〉 souldiers could not plucke from him , vvas called 〈◊〉 . About vvhich time also Paul a Spaniard , a common Informer in Britaine vvas named Catena , i. the Chaine , for that he chained and fettered many good men heere , vvith linking together false surmises , to their vtter vndooing in the time of Constantinus , who also that I may remember it in passage , named his attendant scholler by no vnfitting name , Musonius . But what names the beastly monster , rather than Emperour Commmodus gave to his attendants , I dare not mention , lest I should be immodestly offensive to chaste eares , and modest mindes . But hitherto with modesty may be referred this of the familie of Gephyri , i. Bridges in Greece , who tooke their name from a Bridge ; for vvhen their mother was delivered of nine children at a birth , and in a foolish feare had privily sent seven of them to be drowned at a bridge , the father sodainely comming to the bridge , saved them , and thereupon gave them that name . Of these , and the like , we may say , Propi●ra sunt honori , quàm ignominiae . Infinite are the occasions which in like manner have made names to persons , I will onely reporte one or two French examples , that thereby you may imagine of others in other places and former ages . In the first broyles of Fraunce , certaine companies ranging themselves into troupes , one Captaine tooke newe names to himselfe and his company from the furniture of an horse . Among these new named gallants , you might have heard of , Monsieur Saddle , ( to english them ) Mounsieur Bridle , Le Croupier , Le Girte , Horsh●●● , Bitte , Trappiers , Hoofe , Stirrope , Curbe , Musrole , Frontstall , &c. Most of the which had their pasport , as my Author noteth , by Seign●●● de la Halter . Another Captaine there also gave names to his , according to the places where he found thē , as Hodge , Hieway , River , Pond , Vine , Stable , Street , Corner , Gall●ws , Taverne , Tree , &c. And I have heard of a consort in England , who when they had served at Sea , tooke names from the equipage of a shippe , when they would serve themselves at land , as , 〈◊〉 , Ball●st , Planke , F●re-decke , Decke , Loope-hole , Pumpe , Rudder , Gable , Anchor , Misen saile , Capson , Maste , Bolt .. So that is true which Isidore saieth , Names are not alwayes given according to Nature , but some after our owne will and pleasure , as we name our landes and servants according to our owne liking . And the Dutchmans saying may be verified , which when he heard of , Englishmen called God and Divell , saide , that the English borrowed names from all things whatsoever , good or bad . It might be heere questioned , whether these surnames were assumed and taken at the first by the persons themselves , or imposed and given vnto them by others . It may aswell seeme that the locall names of persons were partely taken vp by themselves , if they were owners of the place , as given by the people , who have the soveraignty of words and names , as they did in the Nicke-names before Surnames were in vse . For who would have named himselfe , Peaceable , Vnready , Without-land , Beauclerke , Strongbow , Gagtooth , Blanch-mayne , Bossue , i. Crook-backe , but the concurrent voyce of the people , as the women neighbours gave the name to Obed in the booke of Ruth ; and likewise in Surnames . In these pretty names , as I may terme them , from floures , fishes , birdes , habitudes , &c : it may bee thought that they came from Nurses in former times heere , as very many , or rather most in Ireland and Wales doe at this present . These Nicke-names of one sillable turned to surnames , as Dickes , Nickes , Toms , Hobbes , &c. may also seeme to proceed from Nurses , to their Nurslings ; or from fathers and maisters to their boyes and servants . For , as according to the old proverb , Omnis herus serv● Monosyllabus , in respect of their short commands : so Omnis servus har● Monosyllabus in respect of the curtolling their names , as Wil , Sim , Hodge , &c. Neither is it improbable , but that many names that seeme vnfitting for men , as of brutish beasts , &c. came frō the very signes of the houses where they inhabited ; for I have heard of them which said they spake of knowledge , that some in late time dwelling at the signe of the Dolphin , Dull , White-horse , ●●●ket , Peacocke , &c. were commonly called 〈◊〉 at the Dolphin , Will at the Bull , George at the White horse , Robin at the Racket , which names as many other of like sort , with omitting At , became afterward herod●ta●le to their children . Heereby some insight may bee had in the originall of Surnames , yet it is a matter of great difficultie , to being them all to certain heads , whenas our language is so greatly altered , so many new names daily brought in by Aliens , as French , Scots , Irish , Welch , Dutch , &c. and so many old words worne out of vse . I meane not only in the old English , but also the late Norman , for who knoweth nowe what these names were , Giffard , Basset , Gernon , Mallet , Howard , Peverell , Paganell , or Paynell , Taile boise , Talb●t , L●vet , Panc●volt , Tirrell , &c. which are nothing lesse than locall , and certainely significative , for they are never noted , as I said before in olde evidences with De as locall names , 〈◊〉 alwayes absolutely , as W. Giffard , R. Basset , as Christian names are , when they are made Surnames ; and yet I will not affirme , that all these heere mentioned were at anie time Christian names , although doubtlesse some were . For wee knowe the significations of some of them , as Mallet , an Hammer , Bigot , a Norman , or superstitious Tailebois . i. Cutwood , Lovet , Little Woolfe , and Basset , ( as some thinke ) Fatte ; Giffard is by some interpreted Liberall ; and Howard , High Warden , or Guardian ( as it seemeth an office now out of vs● ) whenas Heobeorg signified in olde English High defence , and He●h-faeder , Patriarch or High father . Certaine it is , that the first of that right noble family who was knowne by the name of H●ward , was the sonne of William de Wigenhall , as the honourable Lord William Howard of Naworth , third sonne to Thomas late Duke of Norffolke , an especial searcher of Antiquities , who equalleth his high parentage with his vertues , hath lately discovered . To find out the true originall of Surnames , is full of difficulty , so it is not easie to search all the causes of alterations of Surnames , which in former ages have beene verie common among vs , and have so intricated , or rather , obscured the trueth of our Pedegrees , that it will be no little hard labour to deduce many of them truly from the Conquest ; Somewhat neverthelesse shall be said thereof , but more shall be left for them which will sound deeper into this matter . To speake of alteration of names , omitting them of Abraham , and Sara , Iacob , and Israel , in holy Scriptures , I have observed that the change of names , hath most commonly proceeded from a desire to avoyd the opinion of basenes . So C●d●marus when he succeeded Ochus in the kingdome of Persia , called himselfe by the princely name Darius . So new names were given to them which were deified by the Paganish consecration , as Romulus was called Quirmus , Melicertus was called Portunus , and Palaemon , Likewise in adoptions into better families and testament , as the sonne of L. Aemilius , adopted by Scipio , tooke the name of Scipio Africanus . So Augustus who was first named Thureon , tooke the name of Octavian by testament : by enfranchising also into new Citties , as he which first was called Lucumo , when he was infranchised at Rome , tooke the name of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus . So Demetrius Mega when he was there made free of the Citty , was called Publius Cornelius . Cicero Epist . 36. lib. 13. Likewise slaves when they were manumised , tooke often their masters names , whenas they had but one name in their servile state . As they which have read Artemidorus , do know , how a slave , who when he dreamed he had tria virilia , was made free the next morning , and had three names given him . Neither is it to be forgotten , that men were not forbidden to change name or surname , by the rescript of Dioclesian L. Vinc. c. de mutat . nom . so be that it were Sine aliqua fraude , iure licito . As that great Philosopher which was first called Malchus in the Syrian tongue , tooke the name of Porphyrius , as Eunapius reporteth : as before Suetonius the Historian looke to surname 〈◊〉 , whenas his father was Suetonius L●uis . Those notvvithstanding of strange base parentage were forbidden L. super 〈◊〉 c. de quaest . to insert , or inthrust themselves into noble and honest families by changing their names , which will growe to inconvenience in England , as it is thought , by reason that Surnames of honourable and worshipfull families are given now to meane mens children for Christian names , as it is growen nowe in Fraunce , to the confusion of their Gentry , by taking new names from their purchased landes at their pleasures . Among the Romans nevertheles they that were called ad Equestrem ordinem , having base names , were new named nomine ingenuorum veterumque Romanorum , lest the name should disgrace the dignitie , when according to Plato , comely things should have no vncomely names . It was vsuall amongest the Christians in the Primitive church , to change at Baptisme the names of Catechu●e●i , which were in yeeres , as that impious Renegado , that was before called Lucius , was in his Baptisme called Lucianus . So the Popes vse to change their names , when they enter into the Papaci● , which as Plati●a saith , was begunne by Pope Sergius the second , who first changed his name , for that his former name was Hogges-mouth , but other referre the change of names in Popes to Christ , who changed Simon into Peter , Iohn and Iames into Bonarges : Onely Marcellus , not long since chosen Pope , refused to chaunge his name , saying , Marcellus I was , and Marcellus I will be , I will neither change Name nor Manners . Other religious men also when they entred into some Orders , chaunged their name ●n times past , follovving therein , ( as they report ) the Apostle , that chaunged his name from Saule to Paule , after he entred into the Ministery , borrovving ( as some say ) that name from Sergius Paulus the Roman lievtenant , but as other will from his lovve stature , for hee was but three cubites high , as Saint Chrysostome speaking of him . Tricubitalis ille tamen coelum ascendit . Of changing also Christian names in Confirmation we have saide before ; but overpassing these forraine matters let vs say somewhat as concerning chaunge of names in England . As among the French in former time , and also nowe , the heire tooke the fathers surname , and the yonger sonnes tooke names of their landes allotted vnto them . So likewise in times past did they in England ; and the most common alteration proceeded from place of habitation . As if Hugh of Suddington gave to his second sonne his Mannour of Frydon , to his third sonne his Mannour of Pantley , to his fourth his Wood of Albdy ; the sonnes calld thems●lves De Frydon , De Pantley , De Albdy ; and their posteritie removed De. So Hugh Montfortes second sonne called Richard being Lord of Hatton in Warwickeshire tooke the name of Hatton . So the yongest sonne of Simon de Montfort Earle of Leicester staying in England , when his father was slaine , and brethren fled , tooke the name of Welsborne , as some of that name have reported . So the name of Ever came from the Mannour of Ever , neere Vxbridge , to yonger sonnes of L. Iohn Fitz-Robert de Clavering , from whom the Lorde Evers , and sir Peter Evers of Axholme are descended So sir Iohn Cradocke knight great grandfather of sir Henry Newton of Somersetshire tooke first the name of Newton , which was the name of his habitation : as the issue of Huddard in Cheshire tooke the name of Dutton . Bnt for varietie and alteration of names in one familie vpon divers respects , I will give you one Cheshire example for all , out of an antient roule belonging to sir William Brerton of Brerton knight , which I sawe twenty yeares since . Not long after the Conquest William Bellward lord of the moietie of Malpasse , had two sonnes , Dan-David of Malpasse , surnamed Le Clerke , and Richard ; Dan-David had William his eldest sonne surnamed De Malpasse , from whom the Baron Dudley is descended by heire generall . His second sonne was named Philip Gogh , one of the issue of whose eldest sonnes tooke the name of Egerton ; a third sonne tooke the name of David 〈◊〉 , and one of his sonnes the name of Goodm●● . Richard the other sonne of the aforesaid William Belward had three sonnes , who tooke also divers names , viz. Thomas de C●tgrave , William de Overton , and Richard Little , who had two sonnes , the one named Ken-clarke , and the other Iohn Richardson . Heerein you may note alteration of names in respect of habitation in Egerton , Cotgrave , Overton , in respect of colour in G●g● , that is , Red , in respect of qualitie in him that was called Goodm●n , in respect of stature in Richard Little , in respect of learning in Ken-clarke , in respect of the fathers Christian name in Richardson , all descending from William Bellward . And verily the Gentlemen of those so different names in Cheshire would not easily be induced to beleeve they were descended from one house , if it were not warranted by so antient a proofe . In respect of stature I could recite to you other examples , but I will onely adde this which I have read , that a yong Gentleman of the house of Preux , being of tall stature attending on the Lord Hungerford , Lord Treasourer of England , was among his fellowes called Long H : who after preferred to a good marriage by his Lorde , was called H. Long , that name continued to his posteritie , knights and men of great worship . Other took their mothers surnames , as A. Audley yonger brother to Iames lord Audley , marrying the daughter and heire of H. de Stanley left a sonne William , that tooke the name of Stanley , from whome Stanley Earle of Derby , aud other of that name are descended . Geffrey the sonne of Robert Fitz-Maldred , and Isabel his wife , heire of the Norman house of the Nevilles , tooke the name of Nevill , and left it to his posteritie which was spread into very manie honourable families of England . In like manner the sonne of Ioscelin of Lovan a yoonger sonne to the Duke of Brabant , when he had married Agnes the onely daughter of William Lord Percy so named of Percy forrest in the county of Maen , from whome they came , ( and not of piercing the king of S●●ts through the 〈◊〉 , as H●ct●r B●●tius fableth ) his sonne and posteritie vppon a composition with the same Lady , tooke her name of Percy , but retained theyr olde coate armour , to shew from whome they descended ; So Adam de Montgomery marrying the daughter and heire of Carew of Molesford , her sonne relinquishing his owne , left to his posteritie his mothers name Carew , from whom the Barons Carew , the Carews of Haccomb , of Berry , of Authony , Beddington , &c. have had their names and originall . Likewise Ralph Gernon marrying the daughter of Cavendish , or Candish , left that name to his issue , as Th : Talbot , a learned Genealogist hath prooved . So Robert Meg the great favourite of king Iohn took the name of Braybrooke , whereof his mother was one of the heires . So sir Iohn de Haudlow marrying the daughter and heire of the Lorde Burnell , his posteritie tooke the name of Burnell . So sir Tibauld Russell tooke the name of De Gorges to him and his issue , for that his mother was sister and one of the heirs of Ralfe de Gorges , as it appeareth in the controversie betweene Warbleton and the saide Tibauld de Corges for the coate of Armes Lozengy , Or , and Azure , 21. of Edward the third , before Henry Earle of Lancaster , and others , at the siege of Saint Margaret . Not many years since , when Iames H●rsey had married the daughter of De-Le-vale of Northumberland , his issue tooke the name of De-la-vale . Heerevnto may they also bee referred who changed their names in remembrance of their Progenitours being more honourable , as the sonnes of Geffrey Fitz-Petre , tooke the name of Magnavilla or Mandevile , when they came to be Earles of Essex , because their grandmother Beatrix was of the house of Mandevile , as appeareth by the Abby booke of Walden . So Thomas de Molton tooke the name of Lucy , and many other , which I omit . Others also have taken the name of them whose lands they had : As when King Henry the first gave the lands of the attainted Robert Moubray Earle of Northumberland , being 120. Knights fees in Normandy , and 140. in England , to Nigall or N●●le de 〈…〉 who in the battell at 〈◊〉 , tooke Robert Duke of 〈◊〉 prisoner : he commanded withall , that his posteritie should take the Surname of Mo●bray , which they accordingly did , and retained the same as long as the issue male continued , which determined in Iohn Mo●bray Duke of Norfolke , in the time of King Edward the fourth : whose heires were married into the families of Howard and Barkeley . Remembrance of benefits made others to change their names , as William Mortimer descended from those of Richards Castle , tooke the name of La-Zouch , and named his sonne Alan de la-Zouch , for some favour received from the Lord Zouch of Ashby de la-Zouch , as appeareth by Inquisition . 11. & 21. Ed. 3. In respect of adoption also , very many in all ages have changed their names : I neede not particulate it , for all know it . Some of their owne dislike of their names , have altered them : for as I have read in the booke of Fornesse , William Fitz-Gilbert Baron of Kendall , obtained licence of King Henry the second , to change his name and call himselfe and his posteritie Lancaster , from whom the Lancasters in Westm●rlaud &c. are descended . Heerevpon some thinke that without the Kings licence new names cannot be taken , or old names given away to others . Yet Tiraquell the great Civilian of France , in Leg. quin. Conub . Tit. 92. seemeth to incline , that both name and Armes may be transferred by will and testament , and produceth Augustus , who by his Testament commanded Tiberius and Livia to beare his name . How in former times Herevile , Dunvile , Clauwowe , gave and granted away their Armes , which are as silent names , distinctions of families ; and the same was thought vnlawfull afterward , when the Lord 〈◊〉 would have done the same , shall be declared in more convenient place . But the inconvenience of change of names , hath beene discovered to be such in France , that it hath beene pr●pounded in 〈◊〉 at 〈◊〉 , that it should not be permitted but in these two respects , eyther when one should bee made heire to any with especiall words , to assume the name of the testatour ; or when any one should have a donation surmounting a thousand crownes , vpon the same condition . But to retyre to our purpose . Not a few have assumed the names of their fathers Baronies , as in former times the issue of Richard Fitz-Gilbert , tooke the name of Clare , which was their Barony : and in late time , since the Suttons came to the Barony of Dudley , all their issue tooke the name of Dudleyes : that I may omit others . The dislike of others hath caused also a change of names , for King Edward the first , disliking the iteration of Fitz , commanded the Lord Iohn Fitz-Robert , a most ancient Baron , ( whose Ancestours had continued their Surnames by their fathers Christian names , ) to leave that manner , and to be called Iohn Clavering , which was the capitall seate of his Barony . And in this time , many that had followed that course of naming by Fitz , tooke them one setled name , and retained it as Fitz Walter , and others . Also at that time the names of Thomson , Richardson , Willson , and other of that forme began to be setled , which before had varied according to the name of the father . Edward the fourth likewise ( as I have heard , ) loving some whose name was Picard , would often tell them that hee loved them well , but not their names , wherevpon some of them changed their names : and I have heard that one of them which tooke the name of Ruddle , being the place of his birth in that respect . And in late yeares in the time of King Henry the eight , an ancient worshipfull gentleman of Wales , being called at the panniell of Iury by the name of Thomas Ap William , Ap Thomas , Ap Richard , Ap Hoel , Ap Evan Vaghan , &c. was advised by the Iudge to leave that old manner . Wherevpon he after called himselfe Moston , according to the name of his principall house , and left that Surname to his posterity . Offices have brought new names to divers families , as when Edward Fitz-Th●●bald , of Ireland , the Earles of Ormond and others descended from them , tooke the name of Butler . So the distinct families of the Constables in the County of Yorke , are saide to have taken that name , from some of their Ancestours which bare the office of Constables of some Castles . In Like manner the Stewards , Marshalls , Spencers . That I may say nothing of such as for well acting on the stage , have carried away the names of the personages which they acted , and have lost their owne names among the people . Schollers pride hath wrought alteration in some names which have beene sweetned in sound , by drawing ●hem to the Latine Analog●● . As that notable Non-resident in our fathers time Doctor Magnus , who being a foundling at Newark vppon Trent , where hee erected a Grammer schoole , was called by the people T. Among vs , for that he was found among them : But he profiting in learning , turned Among vs , into Magnus , and was famous by that name , not onely heere , but also in forraine places where he was often Ambassadour . It were needelesse to note heere againe , how many have taken in former times the Christian name of their father , with prefixing of Fitz or Filz , as Fitz-bugh , Fitz-alan , Fitz-william , or adding of Son , as Richardson , Tomson , Iohnson , &c. and so altered their Surnames if they had any . Whereas divers ancient Gentlemen of England do beare Coates of Armes , which by old roules and good proofes are knowne to belong to other names and families , and cannot make proofe that they matched with those families , it is worth observation , considering how religious they were in elder times in keeping their owne Armes : whether they were not of those ancient houses whose Armes they beare , and have changed their names in respect of their habitation , or partitions and lands gotten by their wives . As Pickering of the North , beareth Ermin a Lion rampant Azure crowned , Or , which , as it is in the old Abby booke of Furnesse , was the coat of Roger de Miyth●rp . In the same booke the coate of Dacr● , Gules 3. Escal●pes Arg. is the coate of R. Ger●●th of Cumberland , and so the three pillowes Ermin of Redman of Northumberland , is the coate of Ran. de Greystock . So Vfford E. of Suffolk , and Peit●n , Fetiplace , and Hide , and many other Gentlemen of the same Armes , may seeme to haue beene of the same stocke , and to haue varied their names in diuers respects . Finally , among the common people which sway all in names , many Surnames haue bene changed in respect of occupations , and not a few have beene changed in respect of masters , for in every place we see the youth very commonly called by the names of their ocupations , as Iohn Baker , Thomas Taylor , Will Butcher , Dic Barber , and many by their masters names , as Iohn Pickering , Thomas Watkins , Nicholas French , whenas they served maisters of those names , which often were conveyed to their posteritie , and their owne Surnames altogether forgotten . Some other causes of alteration of names may be found , as for crimes committed when men have beene enforced to leave their countries . But heereby it may be vnderstood that an Alias or double name cannot preiudice the honest : and it is knowne that when Iudge Catiline tooke exception at one in this respect , saying , that no honest man had a double name , & came in with an Alias . The party asked him what exception his Lordship could take to Iesus Christ , Alias , Iesus of Nazareth . I doubt not but some men among vs in changing their names , do imitate olde Goffer Simon the Cobbler in Lucian , who when he grew fat in the purse , would needes be called for Goodman Si●●on . Master Simonides , as some women do follow the good Greeke wench , Melissarton , that is , Pretty honny-Bee , who when of a Commediant shee became a wealthy mans wife , would be saluted Madam Pithias , or Prudence . And some likewise can change themselves from shee , to hee , and consequeetly their name , as Cenis the wench , into Ceneus the yong man , as you may see in Ovid. Among the alteration of 〈…〉 how Kings of Armes , 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 are new named with a bole of wine powred vpon their heads by the Prince or Earle Marshall , when they are invested , and the Kings crowned , as Garter , Clerenceux , N●rrey : L●●caster , Yorke , Richmond , Somerset , &c. which is as ancient as the time of King Edward the third . For we reade , that when newes was brought him at Windsor , by a Pursuvant , of the victory at the battell of Auroy , hee bountifully rewarded him , and immediately created him Herold , by the name of Windsor . Heere might I note that women with vs at their marriage do change their surnames and passe into their husbands names , and iustly for that then Non sunt du● , sed car● vna : And yet in Fraunce and the Netherlands , the better sort of women will still retaine their owne name with their husbands , as if Mary daughter of Villevill be married to A. Vavin , she will write herselfe Mary Vavin Ville vill . But I feare husbands will not like this note , for that some of their dames may be ambitiously over-pert and too-too forward to imitate it . Beside these former alterations , the tyran Time which hath swallowed many names , hath also in vse of speach , changed more by contr●cting syncopating , cu●telling and mollifying them , as beside them before mentioned . Adr●●y is now turned into Darcy , Aldethelight into Awdley , Sabrigworth into Sapsford , Sitsil into Cecil , Mount●●y into Mungey , Dunevet into Knevet , if you bel●eve Leland , Gr●vile into Greenefeild , Haverington into Harrington , Bourgchier into Bowcer , Le Dai●erell into Dairell , Ravensford into Rainsford , Mohune into Moone , Danvers into Davers , Gernegan into Ierningham , Cah●rs into Chaworth , Din●●t into Dinham , Wooderington into Witherington , Estlegh into Ast●y , Turbervile into Troublefeild , De Oilei● into D●iley , P●gli into Polye , De Alanson into Dalison , Purefoy into Purfrey , Cavend●sh into Cand●sh , Veinour into Fenner , Harecourt into Harcot , Sanctpaul into Sampol , Fortesen into F●sk● , Ferrers 〈…〉 , Culwen into Curwen , P●●tevin into Petsin , Berenger into Be●ger . Montacute into Montague , Ger●●us into Garnish , Pul●●ston into P●ston , Cholmondley into Cholmley , Grosvenour into Gravener , Meisuilwarin into Manwaring , after into Man●ering , Fitz-Gerard into Garret , Ok●ver into Oker , Vvedale into Vdall , Damprecourt first into Dabrig●court , now into Dabscot , Leventhrop into Lenthrop , Wilburnhame into Willbram , A●kow from Ascouth , and that from the old Christian name Ascuith , which in Latine was Hasculphus and Hastulphus , that is , Speedy helpe , &c. It may not seem from this purpose , if I here set down & compare a few names of ancient good families , as they are written in old Latine Records and histories , with them now in vse : whereof many are as it were so transformed in common pronunciation from the originall , as they will scantly seeme to have beene the same . ASHE , De Fraxi●is . BELLEVV , De Bella aqua . BEAVFOE , De Bella fago , BOYS , De Bosc● . BEAVPRE , ` De Bello prato . BOVRCHIER , De Burgo chare , onely once . BEAVMONT , De Bello-monte . BEAVCHAMP , De Bello-campo . BLOVNT , Flavus , sometimes . BOVVES , De Arcubus . BOVIL , De Bovis Villa . CHAVVORTH , De Cadurcis . CHENEY , De Casineto , and De Querceto . CHAMPAIGNE , De Campania . CANTLOVV , De Cantelupo . CHAVVMOND , De Calvo Mont● . CHAMPFLOVR , De Campo-florid● . CAPELL , De Capella . CREVECVRE , De Crepito corde . CHAMP●RNOVN , De 〈…〉 . D'EVREVX , De Ebr●i●is . D'AVTR●Y , De Altaripa . D'AVNEY , De Al●eto . D'AVBENEY , De Albeneie . FRESHMERSH , De Frisco-Marisco . FERRERS , De Ferrarijs . HVSSEY , De Hosato , & Hosatu● . LORTY , De Vrtiaco . LOVE , Lupus . LOVET , Lupettus . LOVELL , Lupellus . LISLE , De Iusula . MALLOVELL , Malus Lupellus . MONTIOY , De Moute Iovis . MANNOVRS , De Mannerijs . MINORS , De Minerijs . MARSH , De Marisco . MAVLEY , De Mal●-Lacu . MONTCHENSEY , De Monte Canisio . MORTIMER , De Mortuo Mari. MVSTERS , De Monasterijs . MEVVS , De Melsa . MONTHERMER . De Monto Hermer●● . MONTFICHET , De Monte-●ix● . MONTPERSON , De Monte Pessonis . MOLINES , De Molindinis . MOIGNE , Monachus . NEVVMARCH , De Noue Mercatu . NOVVRES , De Nodorijs . NEVILL , De Nova Villa . PECHE , De Peccato . PERPOINT , De Petra-Ponte . PVDSEY , De Puteaco . ROCH , De Rupe . SELLENGER , or Saint LEGER , De Sancto 〈◊〉 . SYMBER● , De Sancta Barb●● STRADLING , Easterling , because they first came out of the East part of Germany . S●NLIS , Sylv●●●ct●●sis , and De Sancto Lizi● . S. FOSTER , De S. Vedasto . SEMARC , De S. Medardo . SEIMOR , De S. Maur● . SAMPIER , De S. Petro. SAMPOL , De S. Paul● . SENTLO , De S. Land● . SENTLOVV , De S. Lup● . SYNCLER , De S. Clara. SEMARTON , De S. Martino . SINGLIS , in Ireland , De S. Gelasio . S. TOMER , De S. Aud●mar● . S. OVVEN , De S. Aud●●n● . SAMOND , De S. Amand● . SV●TEYES , Super Teysam . SALTMERSH , De Salso Marisco . SPENCER , or Le Despencer , Dispensat , or , SCALES , De Scalarijs . STRAVNGE , Extrancus . VIPOVNT , De Veteri-ponte . DE LA ZOVCH , De Stipite sicc● . For William de la Zouch Archbishop of Yorke , is so called in this verse , for his valour in an encounter against the Scottishmen at Bearparke . 134● . Est pater invictus sicc● de stipite dictus , &c. For Zouch signifieth the stocke of a tree in the French tongue . And this translation of names into Greeke or Latine , is still in vse among the Germans , for hee whose name is Ertswert or Blackland , will be Melancthon ; if Newman , Neander ; if Holieman , Osiander ; if Brooke , Torrenti●s ; if Fenne , Paludanus , &c. which some amongest vs beganne lately to imitate . To drawe to an end , no man whatsoever is to be disliked in respect either of originall , or of signification , for neither the good names doe grace the bad , neither do evil names disgrace the good ; if names are to bee accounted good or bad . In all countries both good and bad have bin of the same surnames , which as they participate one with the other in glory , so somtimes in shame . Therfore for ancestors , parentage and names ( as he said ) let every man say Vix ca nostra voco . Time hath intermingled & confused all , & we are com al to this present , by successive variable descents from high and lowe : or as hee saieth more plainely , the low are descended from the high , and contrariwise , the high from low . If any doe vaunt of their names , let them looke to it , lest they have inania nomina ; you know who faith , Vestra nomina nunquam sum admiratus , 〈…〉 vobis reliquerunt , magnos arbitrabor . And if they glory in their auntient fai●e names , and farr● fetcht descents , with contempt of others , happly some such like as Marius was , may returne vppon them Marius wordes ; Si iure despiciunt nos , faciunt idem maioribus suis , quibus vti nobis ex virtu●● nobilitas caepit . Invident honori nostro : ergo invideant labori , innocentiae . periculis etiam nostris , quoniam per haec ill●● 〈◊〉 . Yea some of these occupation and office names , which doe seeme so meane to some , are as auntient in this Realme as most other . For in that most authenticall Register Doomesday book in the Exchequer , ye shal have C●●us , A●rifaber , ●●tor , Pistor , Accipitrarius , Camera●ius , Venator , 〈◊〉 Modicus , ● Cook , Goldsmith , Painter , Baker , Falconer , Chamberlaine , Huntsman , Fisher , Marshall , Porter , Leach , and others , which then held land in Capite , and without doubt left these names to their posteritie , albeit happly they are not mentioned in those tables of B●●●aile Abbey , of such as came in at the Conquest : which whosoever consider well , shall finde alwayes to be forged , and those names to be inserted which the time in every age favoured , and were never mentioned in that authenticall Record . If you please to compare the Roman names that seeme so stately , because you vnderstand them not , you will disdaine them in respect of our meanest names ; For what is Fronte but Beetle-browed ? Casius but Cattes-eies ? Petus but Pink-eyed ? Cocles One-eye , Naso Bottle-nose , Galba Maggot , as Suetonius interpreteth ; Sil● Apes-nose , Ancus Crooked arme , Pausa Broade foote , Strabo Squint-eye , Suillius Swincheard , Capito Iobbernoll , Calvus Bald-pate , Crispus Curle-pate , Flaccus Loll-eares , or Flagge-eared , Labeo Blabber-lippe , Scaurus Knobd heele , Varus Bow-legged , Pedo Long-shankes , Marcellus Hammer , for it commeth from Marculus , Hortensius Gardner , Cilo Petty-long pate , Chilo Flap-lippes , or , as Velius Longus saith , Impro●●●ribus labris hom● . Those great names also Fabius , L●ntulus , Cicero , Piso , Stolo , are no more in our tongue then Bean-man , Lentill , Chich-pease , Pescod-man , Braunch ; for as Plinie saieth , these names were first appropriated to them , for skill in sowing those graines . Neyther those from beasts which Varro reciteth in the second de Rustica , Taurus , Vitulus , Ovilius , Por●ius , Caprilius , were better than Bull , Calfe , Sheep , Hogge , Goate , &c. In respect of these names all the names of England are such as I thinke few would take the benefite of Dioclesians rescript , which I lately mentioned . But in France ( where the fowle names Marmot , Merd●oyson , Boreau ) and in Spaine ( where Verdugo , i. Hangman , Putanero , and such like are rife ) it is no marvel that some procure licence from the King to change their names : and that a Gentlewoman , doctor Andreas the great Civilians wife said ; If faire names were saleable , they woulde be well bought . Thus much of Christian names and Surnames , or Praenomina and Nomina . As for Cognomina and Agnomina , or By-names were rare in our Nation ; onely I remember these three , Le Beuf in the familie of the Giffardes , of Meuill among the Darcies , and Bouchard in one house of the Latimers , and some say Algernoun in the familie of Percies : but that as yet is out of the reach of my reading , vnlesse it be the same that is corruptly in the descent of the Earles of Belleyn belonging to the late Queene Mother of France , set downe Agernouns , for Alger●●●●s ; For so Eustace the second is there by-named , who in other olde Pedegrees is called Eustace with the cleare eyes . As for additions given over and beside names , and surnames in Law causes , that I may note them out of a Lawe booke , they are either of estate , or degree , or mysterie , or towne , or hamlet , or countie . Addition of estate are these ; Yeoman , Gentleman , Esquire . Addition of degree are those which wee call names of dignitie , as Knight , Earle , Marquesse , Duke . Additions of mysterie are such , Scrivener , Carpenter , Smith . Addition of townes , as of Padington , Islington , Edelmeton . And where a man hath houshold in two places , he shall be saide to dwell in both of them , so that his addition in one of them doth suffice . By the Statute the first yeere of king Henry the fift and fift chapter , it was ordained , that in suites or in actions where processe of Vtary lieth , such addition should be to the name of the Defendant , to shew his estate , mysterie , and place where he dwelleth , and that such Writts shall abate , if they have not such additions , if the Defendant do take exception thereat , they shall not abate by the office of the court . Also , Duke , Marquesse , Earle , or Knight be none of that addition , but names of dignitie , which should have beene given before the statute . Aud this was ordained by the sayde statnte , made in the first yeare of king Henry the seaventh chap. 5. to the intent that one man may not be grieved or troubled by the vtlary of an other , but that by reason of the certaine addition every man might be certainely knowne , and beare his owne burden . How the names of them which for capitall crimes against Maiestie , were creazed out of the publike Records , Tables , and Registers , or forbidden to be borne by their posteritie , when their memory was damned . I could shew at large , but this and such like , with Misnomer in our lawes , and other Quidities , I leave to the professours of lawes . Somewhat might be said here of the adjuncts to names or titles , which in most antient times were ●●ther none , or most simple . For Augustus was impatient to be called Domin●●● yet Domitian liked well to be called Dom ●nus Deusque and Dominus was taken vp by everie private man , as appeereth by Seneca , and the poore Graecian which refused that title by alluding 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nevertheles it was never vsed by the Emperors , from Domitian to Dioclesianus , as Victor noteth ; but afterward it was continued by the Christian Emperors , yea vpon their Coines . And that which is more strange , they vsed then as appeareth in the Constitutions , for themselves . Aeternitat nostra , Perennitas nostra , Numen nostrum ; and to their principall officers , Vir illustri● , Vi●●spectabilis , Magnifica cellitudo , Sublimis magnit●do tua , Illustris magnificentia , Sublim●tas , Miranda sublimitas , Eminentia tua , Excellentia tua , Praecelsa magnificentia tua , &c. As appeareth in the Volumes of the Civill Lawe . So as I know not wh●e that Spite king Buchanan should envy lesser titles to Princes , the verie Tipes of Gods maiestie , yea verie Gods in earth , and brand them with the marke of Seric●●● nebulones , which honour Princes therewith . The Romans vnder the latter Emperours had a verie curious and carefull observation , in giving titles to men of reputation , which as I have read were onely five ; Illustris was the highest appropriated to the Praefecti Praetorio of Italy and Gallia , the Prafectus of the Cittie of Rome , Magister Equitum , Magister Peditum , Quaestor Palatij , Comes Largitania , &c. and all that had voice in the Senate . Spectabil●● was the second 〈◊〉 due to the Lievtenants generall , and 〈◊〉 of Provinces &c. So in Notitia Provinciarum , Vicarius Britanniarum , Comes Littoris Saxonici per Britanni●● . Dux Britanniae are st●●ed Viri spectabiles . Clarissimus was the third title peculiar onelie to the Consulares , Correctores , and Praesides of Provinces . Perfectissimus was the fourth . Egregius the fift . And as Clarissimus was a title to those great officers above specified , so no other could have that , as neither of Perfectissimus , and Egregius , but graunted by Patents . And in that age , as it is in the Code of Theodosius , Titulo , Vt Dignitatem ordo servetur . Si quis indebitum sibi locum vsurpaverit , nulla seignoratione defendat , sitque planè sacrilegij reus . Amongst vs the Kings had these adiuncts , when they were written and spoken vnto , Gloriosus , Gloriosissimus , Pracellentissimus , Charissimus Dominus , Rex illustris , lately Potentissimus , Invictissimus , Serenissimus ; Our ●ege Lord , Our Soveraigne . Our Dread Soveraigne &c. As for Grace , it beganne about the time of Henry the fourth . Excellent Grace vnder Henry the sixt . High and mighty Prince vnder Edward the fourth . And Maiestie which first beganne to the Roman Emperours about the time of Gallienus , came hither in the time of King Henry the eight , as Sacred Maiestie lately in our memory . Whereas among Christians it was appli●ble onely in former ages to God , as among the old Romans to the Goddesse Maiestie the daughter of Honour and Reverence . Among other men in former ages D●n corrupted from Dominus , was the greatest attribute both to Spi●ituall and Temporall , and afterward Worshipfull , and Right Worshipfull , hath been thought convenient among vs for the great Dukes and Fa●les ; but wee nowe beginne so to overlade men with additions , as Spaniardes did lately , vntill they were restrained by the Pragmaticall 1586. At which time Pasquil at Rome being demanded why Philip of Spaine had so taken away all titles from all sortes of men , aunswered merrily , albeit not religiously . That it may be verified of him which is saide , Tu solus Do●●inus , tu solus altissimus , in respect of his voluminous long Title which will ●i●e the Reader . Thus farre had I proceeded in names , when it was hie time to stay , for I am advertised that there is one , which by Arte Trochilick , will drawe all English surnames of the best families out of the pitte of Poetrie , as Bourchier from Busyris the tyrant of Aegypt ; Percy from flying Perseus ; Darcy from Dircaus Apollo ; Lee from Laetus turned into a Swanne in Ovid ; Iakeson from Iason : well hee may satisfie them herein , whom I cannot . As for my selfe , I acknowledge that I cannot satisfie neither them , nor my selfe in all particularities : and well therefore I doe like h●m that said , He dooth not teach well which teacheth all ; leaving nothing to subtill wittes to sift out . And sure I am scrupulous Diligence lieth open to Envie . But for such as wil not be content with that which is said , I wish sir Iohn de Bilbao would coniure vp William Ockam the father of the Nominalles ( as Appion did Homer , ) for their better satisfaction heerein . Meane while I desire no man will take offence at any thing heere spoken , when as I have beene so farre from giving offence , that I dare protest it in that solemne auntient forme , Superos , & Sydera testor . Hating it in others , and condemning it in my selfe , even vnto the bottomles pitt of hell . Allusions . I Will now present vnto you a few extracts out of names , ( I feare you will call them foolish foppe●●es , ) but call them what you please , I hope a little folly may be pardonable in this our so wise an age Out of Names the busie wit of man continually working hath wrought vpon liking or dislike Allusions , very common in all ages , and among all men , Rebus , 〈…〉 ages both with learned and vnlearned , and Anagramme● though long since invented , yet rare in this our refined times . In all which , I will briefly shew our Nation hath beene no lesse pregnant , then those Southerne which presume of wits in respect of 〈◊〉 . Afterward somewhat shall be said of Armes , which as silent names distinguish families . An Allusion is as it were a d●lliance or playing with words , like in sound , vnlike in sence , by changing , adding , or substracting a letter or two ; so that words nicking and resembling one the other , are appliable to diffrent significations . As the Almightie ( if we may heerein vse sacred authority , ) in ratification of his promise to the seede of Isaac , changed Abram , ⸫ High father , into Abraham , that is , father of many ; and Sarai , that is , my Dame , into Sara , that is , Lady or Dame. The Greekes ( to omit infinite others , ) nicked Antiochus Epiphanes , that is , the famous , with Epinanes , that is , the furious . The Romans likewise played with bibbing Tiberius Nero , calling him Biberius Mero . So Tully called the extorting Verres , in the actions against him Verrens , as Sweepe-all . So in Quintilian the sower fellow , Placidus was called Acidus , and of late one called Scaliger , Aliger . Excellent is that which our countriman Reverend Beda reporteth in his Ecclesiasticall History of England , of the cause that mooved Gregory the Great to send Augustine into England . On a time ( as I shewed before ) when he saw beautifull boyes to be sold in the market at Rome , and demanded by what name their Nation was called ; and they told him English-men ; and iustly be they so called ( quoth he , ) for they have Angelike faces , and seeme meete to be made Coheirs with the Angells in heaven : After , when it was tolde him that their King was called Alla , then said he ought Alleluya to be sung in that Country to the praise of their Creatour : when it was also signified vnto him , they were borne in a part of the Kingdome of Northumberland , called then Deira , now Holdernesse Deira Dei , ( then said he , ) sunt liberandi . Laurens Archbishop , which succeeded that Augustine , was by allusion called Lauriger , Mellitus , Mellifluus , Brith-wald , Bright-world , Nothelhelme , Noble-helme , Celnothu● , Caelo natus , all archbishops of Canterbury . And such like were framed out of the names of many English Confessours , which I omit . Arletta , the good wench which so kindely entertained Robert Duke of Normandy , when he begate of her William the Conquerour , ( as I had rather you should read in others then heare of me , ) was for his honesty , closely with an aspiration called Harlot . But the good and learned Recorder would say , that this name beganne from her , and in honour of her , was appropriated by the Normans in England , to all of her kinde profession , and so continueth . When Herbert first Bishop of Norwich , and founder of the Cathedrall Church there , had simoniacally procured that Bishopricke to himselfe , and the Abbacy of Winchester to his father , they were alluded vpon by the name of Simon in the worst sence , in this verse . Filius est Praesul , pater Abbas , Simon vterque . Strong and suddaine was that Allusion of Gilbert Folioth Bishop of Hereford , who when hee had incurred the hatred of many , for opposing himselfe against Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury , one c●●ed with a lowd voyce at his chamber windowe at mid-night , Folieth , ●olioth , thy god is the goddesse Azaroth . Hee suddenly and stowtly replied , Thou list fowle feind , my God is the God of Sabaoth . Hitherto may be referred that which Giraldus Cambrensis reporteth . An Archdeacon named Pecc●tum or Peche , a rurall Deane called De vill , & a Iew travailing together in the Marches of Wales , when they came to Illustrate , the Archdeacon said to his Deane , that their Iurisdiction began there , & reached to Malpasse : The Iew considering the names of the Deane , Archdecon , & limits , said by Allusion : Marvaile may it be if I scape well out of this Iurisdiction , where Sinne is Archdeacon , the Divell the Deane , and the bounds Illustrate with Malpasse . Alexander Nequam , a man of great learning , borne at Saint Albanes , and desirous to enter into religion there , after hee had signified his desire , writ to the Abot Laconically . Si vis , veniam , sin autem , tu autem . Who answered as briefly , alluding to his name . Si bonus sis , venias , si Nequam , nequaquam . Wherevpon he changed his name to Neckam . Philip Rependum , Abbot of Leicester , alluded thus vpon the name of Neckam , Es niger & nequam , cùm sis cognomine Neckam . Nigrior esse potes , nequior esse nequis . But hee repaied him with this re-allusion vppon the name of Philipp . Phinota faetoris , lippus malus omnibus horis , &c. A London Poet dallied thus with the name of Fustachius , when he was preferred from Treasurer of the Exchequer , to be Bishop of London , 1222. which was thought a great preferment in that age . Eustachi nupèr benè stabas , nunc benè stabis . Ille status valuit , praevalet iste tamen . Robert Passelve , an especiall favorite of Henry the third , afterward by a court-tempest so shaken as he was glad to be Parson of Derham in Norfolke ; was alluded vnto while he was in the Sun-shine , by Pass●le-eau , as surpassing the pure water , the most excellent element of all , if you beleeve Pindar . This Allusion was composed to the honour of a religious man called Robertus , resolving it into Ros , Ver , Thus. Tu benè Robertus quasi Ros , Ver , Thusque vocaris , Ros sata , ver flores , Thus h●locausta facit . Sic tu Ros , Ver , Thus , geris haec tria , Ros sata verbi , Ver floris morum , Thus holocausta precum . Vpon the same , another framed this . Robertus titulo dotatur triplice , Roris Temperie , Veris dulcedine , Thuris odore . Vpon the same name and invention I have also found this , Es benè Ros , Ver , Thus , Ros es qùod nectare stillas , Ver , qùod flore vires , Thus , quia mente sapis . Ros ( inquam ) Ver , Thus : Ros qui dulcedine stillat , Ver quod flore nitet , Thus quod odore sapit . Nam qùod tu sis Ros , Ver , Thus , perhibet tua Roris , Temperies , Veris gratia , Thuris odor . Vpon the same name Robertus , an other made Robur , Thus , with this Distiche : Tu benè Robertus quasi Robur , Thus : benè Robur , Nam virtute vig●s , Thus , quia mente sapis . When Pandulphus the Popes Nuncio came into England , a scholler smoothed him with this foolish allusion . Te totum dulcor perfundit , & indè vocaris , Pandulphus quid Pan nisi totum ? Dul nisidulcor ! Phu● nisi fusus ? id est , totus dulcedine fusus . One in a dedication alluded vnto Roger an Ecclesiasticall pe●son in this verse : Qui Cleri Rogere Rosam geris , annno vati . A poore Poet begging of one , whose name was Iohn , which is in Hebrew , The grace of God , begged of him by praising his name in this manner . Nomen habes non immeritò Divina , Iohannes , Gratia , voce sua conveniente rei . Ergo vel gratus summo , vel gratia summi , Es , pro parte meâ casus vterque facit . Si summo gratus , ergo pietatis alumnus , Ergo pauperibus ferre teneria apem . Another played vpon the name of Turbervill , when practising with the French , he plaied false with his Soveraigne K. Edward the first . Turbat tranquilla clàm Thomas Turbida Vil●a . These may seeme over many in so slight a matter , yet I will in respect of the persons , offer you two or three more to be regarded . William , Lord Monti●y , famous for his learning , great Grandfather to the honourable Charles , now Earle of Denshire , who is no lesse famous for his vertue and hereditary love of learning ; when hee was the Queenes Chamberlaine , in an Epistle to Erasmus , called king Henry the eight Octavius for Octavus resembling him thereby to Octavius Augustus the onely mirror of Princely vertues . Lady Iane Grey daughter to the Duke of Suffolke , who payde the p●●ce of others ambition with her bloud , for her excellency in the Greeke tongue was called for Greia , Graia , and this made to her honour in that respect . Miraris Ianam Craio sermone valere ? Quo nata est primùm tempore Crata fuit . When the duke of Buckingham was put to death by the practise of cardinall Wolsey a Butchers sonne , the Emperour Charles the fift saide , It was great pitty , that so faire and goodly a Bucke should be woried to death by a Buchers curre ; alluding either to the name of Buckingham , or to a Bucke , which was a badge of honour to that familie . Domingo a Spaniard in the time of Queene Mary , offended with an Englishman that called him Domingus , tolde him hee was Dominicu● ; but hee was I assure you more highly offended , when hee after for Dominicus called him D●moniacu● . In the beginning of her late Maiesties raigne one alluded to her name Elisabetha , with Illasa-Beata , that is , Safe without hurt , and happy . The sense whereof , as the Almightie by his fatherly mercy performed in her person , so shee by her motherly providence vnder God effected in this realme in blisfull peace and plenty , whereas contrariwise other con●ining Regions have beene overwhelmed with all kinde of miseries . The cause whereof , one in this last French broyles referred by Allusion to Spania and Mania two Greeke words , signifying Panury and Furie ; but implying therein closely the late King of Spaine , and duke du Maine . Rebus , or Name-devises . MAny approoved customes , lawes , maners , fashions , and phrases have the English alwayes borrowed of their neighbours the French , especially since the time of King Edward the Confessour , who resided long in Fraunce , and is charged by Historians of his time , to have returned from thence wholy Frenchified ; then by the Norman Conquest which immediately ensued , after by the honourable aliances of the Kings of England , with the most renowned families , yea and with the verie royall house of Fraunce . But after that the triumphant victorious king Edward the third had traversed Fraunce with his victories , and had planted English colonies in Calice , Havres and Guynes , our people bordering vpon the pregnant Picardes , beganne to admire their fooleries in painted Poesies . For whereas a poesie is a speaking picture , and a picture a speechlesse Poesie , they which lackt wit expresse their conceit in speech , did vse to dep●int it out ( as it were ) in pictures , which they called Rebus , by a Latine name well fitting their devise . These were so well liked by our English there , and sent hither over the streight of Callice with full saile , were so entertained heere ( although they were most ridiculous ) by all degrees , by the learned and vnlearned , that he was no body that coulde not hammer out of his name an invention by this wit-craft , and picture it accordingly : whereupon who did not busie his braine to hammer his devise out of this forge . Sir Thomas Cavall , whereas Cavall signifieth an horse , engraved a gallopping horse in his scale with 〈◊〉 limping verse ; Thomae credite , cùm cernitis eius equum . So Iohn Eagleshead , as it seemeth , to notifie his name , about his Armes , as I have seene in an olde S●ale with an Eagles head , set downe this : Hoc aquila caput est , signumque figura Iohannis . The Abbot of Ramsey more wisely sette in his Seale a Ramme in the sea , with this verse , to shew hee was a right ramme ; Cuius signa gero dux gregis est , vt ego . William Chaundler Warden of New colledge in Oxford , playing with his owne name , so filled the hall-windowes with candles , and these wordes , Fiat lux , that hee darkened the hall . Whereuppon the Vidam of Charters when hee was there , saide , It should have bin , Fiant tenebrae . Did not that amorous Youth mystically expresse his love to Rose Hill , whome hee courted , when in the border of his painted cloth , hee caused to be painted as rudely , as he devised grosely , a rose , an hill , an eye , a loafe , a well , that is , if you will spell it . Rose-Hill I love well . You may imagine that Frauncis Corn●field did scratch his elbow when hee hadde sweetely invented to signifie his name , Saint Francis with his Frierly kowle in a corne-field . It may seeme doubtfull whether Bolton Prior of Saint 〈◊〉 In Smithfield , was vviser vvhen hee invented for his name a bird bolt through a T●nne , or when hee built him an house vppon Harrow Hill , for feare of an mundation after a great coniunction in the watry Triplicitie . Islip Abbot of Westminster , a man most favored by king Henry the seaven●h , had a quadruple devise for his single name ; for somewhere hee s●tte vppe in his windowes an ●ie with a slip of a t●ee , other places one slipping boughs in a tree , in other places an I wi●h the saide slip ; and in some places one slipping from a t●ee with the woorde Islip . Whosoever devised for Thomas Earle of Arundell , a capitall A in a Rundle , wherewith hee decked an house which hee built , did thinke I warrant you , that hee did the Nobleman great honour . No lesse did he 〈◊〉 his invention , which for sir Anthony Wingfield , devised● Wing with these foure letters , F , E , L , D , quarterly about it , and over the Wing a crosse , to shew he was a Christian , and on the crosse a red rose , to shew that the followed the house of Lancaster . Morton Archbishop of Canterbury , a man of great wisedome , and borne to the vniversall good of this realme , was content to vse Mor vppon a Tunne ; and sometime a Mulbery tree called Morus in Latine out of a Tunne . So Luton , Thorneton , Ashton did notifie their names with a Lute , a Thorne , an Ash vpon a Tunne . So an Ha●● on a bottle for Harebottle ; a Maggot-pie vppon a goate for Pigot , an Hare by a sheafe of ●e in the Sunne for Harrison ; Med written on a calfe for Medcalfe ; Chester , a chest with a Starre over it : Allet a Lot ; Lionel Duckes a Lion with L. on his head , whereas it should have beene in his 〈◊〉 . If the Lion had beene eating a ducke , it had beene a ra●e devise woorth a duckat , or ducke-egge . And if you require more , I referre you to the witty inventions of some I ●●doners , but that for Garret Dews is most memorable , two in agarret casting Dews at dice. This for Rebus may suffice , and yet if there were more , I thinke some lips would like such kinde of Lettice . In parte to excuse them yet , some of the greatest Romans were alittle blasted with this fooleri● , if you so censure it . Our great Maister Cicero in a dedication of his to his gods , inscribed Marcus 〈◊〉 , and that 〈◊〉 pulse lesse than , 〈…〉 call ( I thinke ) a 〈◊〉 pease , and the Latines Cicer , in steede of Cicero . As in the coines of Iulius Casar wee have seene an Elephant , for so Caesar signifieth in the Mauritanian tong , and the two Mint-maisters in that age , L. Aquilius Florus , and Voconius Vitulus ; the one vsed a Floure , the other a Calfe in the reverses of their coynes , alluding vnto their names . Anagrammes . THE onely Quint-essence that hitherto the Alchimy of wit coulde draw out of names , is Anagrammatisme , or Metagrammatisme , which is a dissolution of a Name truly written into his Letters , as his Elements , and a new connexion of it by artificiall transposition , without addition , substraction , or chang of any letter into different words , making some perfect 〈…〉 . 〈…〉 omitting or retaining it , for that it cannot challenge the ●●ght of a letter . But the licentiats somewhat licentiously lest they should preiudice poeticall libertie , will pardon themselves for doubling or reiecting a letter , if the sence fall aptly , and thinke it no iniury to vse E for AE , V for W , S for Z , and C for K , and contrariwise . The French exceedingly admire and celebrate this facultie , for the deepe and farre fetched antiquitie , the piked fines and the mysticall significations thereby : for that names are divi●e notes , and divine notes do notifie future events ; so that events consequently must lurke in names , which onely can be pried into by this mystery . Affirming that each mans fortune is written in his name , as Astrologians say , all things are written in heaven , if a man could read them : They exemplifie out of the Rabbins ; they quote dreaming 〈◊〉 , with other allegations ; they vrge particular experiments , and so enforce the matter , with strong words and weake proofes , that some credulous yong men , hovering betweene hope and feare , might casily be carried away by them into the forbidden superstition of Onomantia , or South-saying by names . But some of the sower sort will say it is nothing but a troublous toy , and because they cannot attaine to it , will condemne it , lest by commending it , they should discommend themselves . Others more milde will grant it to be a daintie devise and disport of wit not without pleasure , if it be not wrested out of the name to the reproach of the person . And such will not deny , but that as good names may be ominous , so also good Anagrammes , with a delightfull comfort and pleasant motion in honest mindes , in no point yeelding to many vaine pleasures of the body . They will also afford it some commendations in respect of the difficultie , ( Diffici●●a quae pulchra , ) as also that it is a whetstone of a patience to them that shall practise it . For some have beene seene to bite their penne , scratch their head , bend their browes , bite their lips , beate the boord , teare the paper when they were faire for somewhat , and caught nothing heerein . If profound antiquitie , or the inventour may commend an invention , this will not give place to many . For as the great Masters of the Iewes testifie , Moses received of God a literall law , written by the finger of God , in the two Tables of the ten Commaundements to be imparted to all , and another Mysticall to be communicated onely to seaventy men , which by tradition they should passe to their posteritie , whereof it was called Cabala . Which was devided into Mercana , concerning onely the sacred names of God , and Bresith of other names consisting of Alphabetary revolution , which they will have to be Anagrammatisme , by which they say Marie resolved made , Our holy Mistris . But whether this Cabala is more ancient than the Talmudicall learning , hatched by the curious Iewes , ( as some will , ) about 200. yeares after Christ , let the learned consider . The Greeks referre this invention to Licophron , ( as Isaac Tzetzes hath in his preface to his obscure Poeme Cassandra , who was one of those Poets which the Greekes called the Seaven-starres , or Ple●ades , and flourished about the yeare 380. before Christ , in the time of Ptolomaus Philadelphus , king of Aegypt , whose name hee thus anagramatised . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Made of h●●ny . And vpon Arsinoe his wife , thus ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Iunes violet . Afterward as appeareth by Eustachius there were some Greekes disported themselves heerein , as he which turned Atlas for his heavie burthen , in supporting heaven to Talas , that is , wretched , Aret , Virtue into Erate , that is , louely , Ilaros , merry , into Liar●s , that is , warme . But in late yeares , when learning revived vnder Francis the first in France , the French beganne to distill their wits heerein , for there was made for him . Francis de Valoys . DE FACON SVIS ROYAL . For his sonne Henry de Valoys . ROY ES DE NVL HAY. For Charles of Barbon , the Prince of Conde . Borbonius . ORBI BONVS . For the late Queene of Scotland , his Maiesties mother . Maria Stevarta . VERITAS ARMATA . And that Greeke one , which is most excellent , of the sacred name of our sweete Saviour Iesus , according to that of the 53. of Esay , He is brought as a sheepe to the slaughter , thus : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , Thou art that sheepe . The Italians who now admire them , beganne not 20. yeares since to vse them as the Bishop of Grassa a professor heerein testifieth . In England I know some who 30. yeares since have bestowed some idle houres heerein with good successe , albeit our English names running rough with cragged consonants , are not so smooth and easie for transposition as the French and Italian . Yet I will set downe some which I have happened vpon , framed o●t of the names of divers great personages , and others in most of the which in the sence may seeme appliable to their good parts . To begin with his most Excellent Maiestie our d●ead Soveraigne , was made this declaring his vndoubted rightfull claime to the Monarchy of Britan , as the successor of the valourous king Arthur . Charles Iames Steuart . CLAIMES ARTHVRS SEATE . As this also truly verified in his person . Iacobus Sextus Stuartus . VITA CASTVS , EX SE ROBVSTVS . For our late Queene of happy memory , to whose gratious government vnder God , we owe much happinesse . I have found the letters of Elizabetha Regina transposed to signifie that happinesse , as speaking vnto her in this sence . O Englands Soveraigne thou hast made vs happy : thus Elizabetha Regina , ANG●IAE HERA , BEASTI . And whereas the French compare Anagrames by themselves to gems , but when they are cast into a distich or Epigram to gems enchased in enameled gold . Thi● distich was then made thereon with a most humble and 〈◊〉 wish . Nos Anglos radijs hera nostra beata beasti , Sis hera nostro solo , sis Deasera poso . The same blessednes of her Maiestre to England vnspeakeable good , and her ioyfull raigne were noted thus out of Elizabetha Regina , ANGLIAE ERIS BEATA . EIA , LETA REGNABIS . Carolus Vienhovius my good friend made this 30. years since in Greeke , when he attended heere vpon Monsieur Foix , Ambassadour from the French King. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is , The devine dew of her Kingdome . Likewise out of the Greeke was this , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . that is , A Goddesse Queene . Her most milde government of her subiects , and Lion-like courage against her Spanish enemies , was thus declared out of Elizabetha Regina Anglia , ANGLIS AGNA , HIBERIAE LEA. Whereas she was as a Sweepnet for the Spanish ships , which ( as the Athenians said of their fortunate Timothye , ) happily fell into her net : this was made by transposing of Elizabeth Regina Angliae , GENTI HIBERAE , ILLA SAGENA . In respect of her great warres exploited against that mighty Monarch , this was wrought out of Elizabetha Anglorum Regina , MAGNA BELLA TV ●EROINA GERIS . The good government of her Maiestie , was thus noted vnder the name of the flourishing Muse Thalia Elizabetha Regina , BENE THALIA REGIS . In this following was comprised the wish then of all true English , Elizabetha Regina Anglorum , GLORIA REGNI SALVA MANEBiT . Have now some framed vpon the names of divers honourable personages and others , lovers I hope of good letters , neither let any conceive offensively if they a●e not here remembred : I have imparted all that came to my hands . Out of the name of the late right reverend , the Lorde Archebishoppe of Canterbury , the mirrour of Praelats in our daies was found this , in respect of his milde proceedings . Ioannes Whitegiftius . NON VI EGIT FAVIT ●●ESVS . For the Lord Chancelor , Lord Ellesmer . Thomas Egerton , GEST AT HONOREM . Oris honore viget , Vt mentis gestat honorem Iuris Egertonus , dignus honore col● . For the late Lord Treasurer , a most prudent and honourable Councellor to two mightie Princes . Guilielmus Cecisius Baro Burglio . VIGILI CVM LABORE ILLVCES REGIBVS . Regibus illuces vigili Gulielme labore , Nam clarè fulget lux tua luce Dei. For the Earle of Nottingham , Lord Admirall . Carolus Howarde , CHARVS , ARDVO LEO. For the Earle of Northumberland . Henricus Percius , HIC PVRE SINCERVS . Vpon which with a relation to the Crescent or silver Moone his Cognisance , was framed thus : Percius HIC PVRE SINCERVS , Percia Luna Candida tota micat , pallet at illa p●lo . This was made as a wish to the Earle of Shrewsbury , that his name and Talbot may be as terrible to the French , as it was when the French so feared his progenitour Iohn , Lord Talbot , first Earle of Shrewsbury of that family . Gilbert●● Talbottius . CALLOS TV TIBI TVRBES Vt proavi preavus , sic GALLOS TV TIBI TVRBES ; Impreses . AN Imprese ( as the Italians call it ) is a devise in picture with his Motte , or Word , borne by noble and learned personages , to notifie some particular conceit of their owne : as Emblemes ( that we may omitte other differences ) doe propound some generall instruction to all : As for example : Wheras Cosmi Medici Doke of Florence had in the ascendent at his nativitie the signe Capricorue , vnder which also Augustus and Charles the fift , two great and good Princes were borne : hee vsed the celeshall signe Capricorne , with this Mone ; FIDEM FATI VIRTVTE SE QVEMVR for his Imprese , particularly concerning his good hope to proove like vnto them . But a faire woman pictured with an Olive crowne representing Peace , carrying in one hand the horne of Plenty , leading a little golden boy for Plutus in the other , with , EX PACE RERVM OPVLENTIA , is an Embleme , and a generall document to all , that Peace bringeth Plentie . There is required in an Imprese ( that wee may reduce them to few heades ) a correspondencie of the picture , which is as the bodie , and the Motte , which as the soule giveth it life . That is , the body must be of faire representation , and the word in some different language , wittie , short , and answerable thereunto neither too obscur● 〈◊〉 too plaine , and most comm●nded , when it is an Hemislich , or parcell of a verse . According to these prescripts neither the starres with the Moone in Tide●s shield in Aeschilus , neither Amphiaraus dragon in Pindare , neither the stemme of a shippe vsed for a seale by Pompey , can have heere place : Much lesse the reverses in Roman coynes , which were onely historicall memorialles of their actes ; as that of Claudius , with a plowman at plow and this COL : CAMALODVN was to signifie that he made Maldon in ●ssex a Colony , and that of Hadrian with an Emperour , three souldiers , and EXERC : BRITANNICVS was in memorie of some good service by the three Legions resiant in this Isle at Yorke , Chester , and Car-leon vpon Vske . That also of Severus with a woman sitting vppon Cliffes holding an ensigne in one hand , and as it were writing vppon a shield , with VICTORIA BRITANN : was onely to shew his victories here . Such also as are set downe in Notitia Provinciarum , as a Boore seiant for Iovij , a circle party per Saltier for Britanniciani , a carbuncle ( as Blazoners terme it ) for Britannici , &c. cannot be admitted into the number of Impreses , for they were the severall ensignes of severall militarie companies , whereof the two last seemed to be leavied out of this Isle . Childish it is to referre hither the shieldes of King Arthurs round-table Knights , when they were devised , as it is probable , for no other end , but to teach yoong men the termes of Blazon . Neither are Armes to be referred hither , which were devised to distinguish families , and were most vsuall among the nobilitie in warres , tiltes and tournaments in their coates called Coate-armours , Shields , Standards , Banners , Pennors , Guydons , vntill about some hundred yeeres since , when the French and Italian in the expedition of Naples , vnder Charles the eight beganne to leave Armes , happly for that many of them had none , and to beare the curtaines of their mistresses beddes , their mistresses colours , or these Impreses in their banners , shields , and caparisons : in which the English have 〈…〉 and albeit a few have borrowed somewhat from them , yet many have matched them , and no few surpassed them in wittie conceit , as you shall perceive heereafter , if you will first give me leave to remember some imperfect Devises in this kinde of some former Kings of England , which you may well say to be livelesse bodies , for that they have no word adioyned . Of King William Conquerour I have heard none , neither dare ( as Iovius taketh the Sphinx Augustus signet for an Imprese ) so set downe our Conquerours seale ? which had his owne picture on horsebacke with these verses to notifie his Dominions . Hoc Normannorum Willelmum nosce patronum : On the other side ; Hoc Anglis Regem signo fatearis eundem . As a King of Sicile had about that time this ; Apulus & Calaber , Siculus mihi servit & Afer . Stephen of Bloys the Vs●●per tooke the signe Sagutarius , for that hee obtained this kingdome when the Sunne was in the saide signe . King Henry the second grievously molested by the disobedience of his foure sonnes , who entred into actuall rebellion against him , caused to be painted in his great Chamber at his pallace in Winchester an Eagle with foure yong chickens , whereof three pecked and scratched him , the fourth picked at his eyes . This his devise had no life , because it had no Motte : but his answer gave it life , when he said to one demaunding his meaning , That they were his sonnes which did so pecke him , and that Iohn the yongest whome he loved best , practised his death more busily than the rest . [ Giraldus Cambrensis distinct ] King Henry the third as liking well of Remuneration ; commaunded to be written in his Chamber at Woodstocke , as it appeareth in the Recordes in the Tower , Qui non dat quod amat ; non accipit i●le quod optat . Edmund Cr●uch-backe his second sonne first Earle of Lancaster , vsed a red Rose , wherewith his Tombe at Westminster is adorned . Edward the third bare for his devise the rayes of the Sunne dispersing themselves out of a cloude , and in other places , a golden truncke of a tree . The victorious Blacke Prince his sonne vsed sometimes one feather , sometime three , in token of his speedy execution in all his services , as the Postes in the Roman times were Pterophori , and wore feathers to signifie their flying post-haste . But the tradition is , that hee wonne them at the battell of Poitiers , whereunto hee adioyned this olde English word IC DEN , that is , I serve , according to that of the Apostle , The heire while he is a childe , differeth nothing from a servant : These feathers were an an●ent ornament of militarie men , as is evident by that of Virgil : Cuius olorina surgunt de vertice pennae : And were vsed by this Prince before the time of Canoy Chan the Tartarian , who because his life was saved by an Owle , would have his people weare their feathers : from whome Haithon fableth , that the people of Iurope received first the vse of feathers . Iohn of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster , brother to this Prince , tooke a red Rose to his devise ( as it were by right of his first wise the heire of Lancaster , as Edmund of Langley , Duke of Yorke , tooke the white Rose . Before these two brethren tooke these two Roses , which the fautors and followers of their heires after , bare in that pittifull distraction of England , betweene the families of Lancaster and York , a white Rose-tree at Longleete , bare vpon one branch a faire white rose on the one side , and as faire a red rose on the other ; which might as well have beene a fore-token of that division , as the white henne with the bay sprigge lighting in the lap of Livia Augusta , betokened the Empire to her posteritie , which ended in Nero , when both the brood of that hen failed , and the baies of that sprigge withered . The said Edmund of Langley , bare also for an Imprese a Faulcon in a fetter-locke , implying that he was locked vp from all hope and possibility of the Kingdome , when his brethren beganne to aspire therevnto . Wherevpon he asked on a time his sonnes when he saw them , beholding this devise set vp in a window , what was Latine for a fetter-locke : Whereat when the yong gentleman studied , the father said , well then you cannot tell me , I will tell you , Hic haec hoc tacea●s , as advising them to be silent and quiet , and therewithall said , Yet God knoweth what may come to passe heereafter . This his great Grandchilde King Edward the fourth reported , when he commanded that his yonger sonne Richard Duke of Yorke , should vse this devise with the fetter-locke opened , as Roger Wall an Herald of that time reporteth . King Richard the second , whose vntrained youth and yeelding lenitie hastened his fall , vsed commonly a white Hart couchant with a crowne , and chaine about his ●●cke . For wearing the which , soone after his deposition lost their lives . He also vsed a pescod branch with the cods open , but the pease out , as it is vpon his Robe in his Monument at Westminster . His wife Anne , sister to Wenceslaus the Emperour , bare an Ostrich , with a naile in his beake . King Henry the fourth ( as it is in Maister Garters booke , ) vs●d onely a Fox tayled pendent , following lysanders advise , if the Lions skin were too short , to peece it out with a Foxes case . His halfe brethren surnamed Beausort , of their natall place , who after were dukes of S●mmerset , &c. bare a port-cullis golde ; wherevnto not long afterward was added this word ALTERA SLCVRITAS . And not long since by the Earles of Worcester , issued from them MVTARE , AVT TIMERE SP●RNO . His yonger sonne Humfrey Duke of Glocester , a noble fautor of good letters , ba●e in that respect a Laurell branch in a golden cup. That most martiall Prince King Henry the fift , carried a burn●ng Cresset , sometime a Beacon : and for his word , ( but not appropriate therevnto , ) VNE SANS PLVS . One and no more . King Henry the sixt had two feathers in saltire . King Edward the fourth , bare his white Rose , the fetter-locke before specified , and the sunne after the battell of Mortimers crosse , where three Sunnes were seene imm●diately conioyning in one . King Richard the third bare a white Boare , which gave occ●sion to the ryme that cost the maker his life . The Cat , the Rat , and Lovell the Dog , Rule all England vnder an Hog . King Henry the seaventh , in respect of his descent from the house of Summerset , vsed the Portcullis before mentioned ; and in respect of the vnion of the two houses of Lancaster and Yorke by his marriage , the white Rose vnited with the red , sometime placed in the Sunne . And in respect he was crowned in the field with King Richards crowne , found in an hawtherne bush , hee bare the hawthorne bush with the crowne in it ; & with this he filled the windowes at Richmond , and his Chappell at Westminster . His wife Queene Elizabeth , had a white and red rose knit together . His mother Lady Margaret , Countesse of Richmond , had three white Dasies growing vpon a turfe . When king Henry the eight beganne his raigne , the English wits beganne to imitate the French and Italian in these devises , adding the Mots . First king Henry himselfe at the interview betweene him and king Francis the first , whereat also Charles the fift was present , vsed for his Impresse , an English Archer in a greene coat , drawing his arrow to the head , with this inscription , CVI ADHAEREO , PRAEEST : whenas at that time those mighty Princes banding one against the other , wrought him for their owne particular . His wife Queene Anne , a happy mother of Englands happines by her most happy daughter , bare a white crowned Faulcon , holding a Scepter in her right talon , standing vpon a golden truncke , out of the which sprowted both white and red roses , with MIHI , ET MEAE To the honour of Queene Iane , who died willingly to save her childe King Edwarde , was devised after her death a Phaenix in his funerall fire , with this Motte , NASCATVR VT ALTER . King Edward the sixt bare ( as the Blacke Prince ) three feathers in a crowne while his father survived , as Prince of Wales , with IC DEN. Queene Mary when she was Princesse of Wales , vsed both a red and white Rose , and a Pomegranate knitte together , to shew her descent from La●caster , Yorke , and Spaine . When she came to the kingdome , by perswasion of her Cleargie , she bare winged Time drawing Trueth out of a pit , with VERIT AS TEMPORIS FILIA . Her Successor of blessed memory Queene Elizabeth ; vpon occasions , vsed so many heroicall devises , as would require a volume ; but most commonly a Sive without a Motte , for her words , VIDEO , TACEO , and SEMPER EADEM , which shee as truely and constantly performed . Cardinal Poole shevvd the terrestrial globe incompassed with a Serpent , adding this out of Saint Mathew , ESTOTE PRVDENTES . NOw I will descend from the bloud Royall and former time , and present vnto you a few Impreses born by noble , and gentlemen of our nation , in our age , without commenting vpon them , as the Italians vse . For the persons names I am to be pardoned as knowing them not , when I observed them at Titles and else-where : But such as adioyned after the olde and most laudable Italian manner , their Armes withall . He signified his constancie in aduersitie , which painted a man swimming and striving against the streame in a tempestuous sea , with this , ANIMVS TAMEN IDEM . Desirous was he to rise , but found counterblasts , who figured a man ascending a Mountaine , but repelled with contrarie winds , with this Mot , NITENS AD SVMMA , REPELLOR . Henry Howard Earle of Surrey , sonne and heire to Thomas Duke of Norfolke , devised for himselfe , I know not vpon what consideration , a broken piller with this word , SAT SVPEREST . But I reade he was charged at his arraignement with that devise , the impaling of his Armes with the Armes of Saint Edward , and erecting three banqueting houses , as Bastilions in his garden neere Norwich ; as matters of great consequence and high treason , to the losse of his life . This is that noble Earle of Surrey , who first among the Nobilitie of England , conioyned the honour of learning to the honour of high Parentage . Of whom the learned Hadrianus Iunius giueth this testimonie in Lattine , which I cannot so well expresse in English , H●roicum corporis filium , ingenium velox , & expromptum , memoria inexhausta , planeque Mythridatica , sermo ob ipsis Gratiis effictus , linguarum multiplex cognitio , &c. He would either finde a way or make a way to his preferment , which caused to be pourtrayed , a hand working out a way in a craggie hill with a pickaxe , and this woord , INVENIT AVT FACIT . Sir Philip Sidney , to note that he persisted alwayes one , depainted out the Caspian sea surrounded with his shoares , which neither ebbeth nor floweth , and over it : SINE REFLVXV . He acknowledged his essence to be in his gratious Soveraigne , which bare a Sunne-diall , and the Sun setting , adding OCCASV DESINET ESSE . Hee might seeme to beare a vindicative minde , but I thinke it was for some amorous affection , which bare a she vpon an eye , with SIC VLTVS PEREAM . Vpon his Princes favour he wholy 〈◊〉 , which devised the Sunne shining vpon a bush , subscrib●●g SI DES●RIS PEREO. As he which in like sense bare the Sunne reflecting his rayes from him , with QVOVS QVE AVERTES ▪ His devote minde to his Lady hee devoutly , though not religiously shewed , which vnder Venus in ●●●owde chaunged the vsuall prayer into , SALVA ME DOMINA . He shewed his affectionate goodwill in height of courage , that shewed in his shield , Atlas bearing heaven with a roule inscribed in Italian , INTENDAM , CHE PVO. The force of love was well figured by him that gave an Vnicorne ( happly the badge of his family ) reposing his head in a Ladies lappe , with this worde , O QVANTA POTENTIA . Excellent was that of the late Earle of Essex , who when he was cast downe with sorrow , and yet to be employed in Armes , bare a blacke mourning shield without any figure , but inscribed , PAR NVLLA FIGVRA DOLORI . A stedfast settled minde was in that gentleman , that devised for himselfe a Pyramis open to winde and weather , with NEC FLATV , NEC FLVCTV . He noted our peaceable times , when having a Martia●l minde , shewed an armed Knight soundly sleeping in a cocke-boate vpon a calme Sea , with , AEQVORA TVTA SILENT . Hee played with a Name , and hoped remedy to his Love , which d●vised a Rose , with that of Ovid , ( leaving out the neg●tive ) AMOR EST MEDICABILIS HFRBIS . A Gentleman committed , and after to his great commend●tion enlarged , tooke to him for an Imprese , a Ball vpon a Racket , sapers●ebing , PERCVSSA RESVR●O . The Sunne declining to the Weast , with Occidens , Occidens , I being short in the first word , and long in the second , shewed that the safetie and life both of the bearer and of others did depend on the light and life of the Soveraigne . A studious lover of good letters framed to himselfe only the figure of I with this philosophicall principle , OMNIA EX VNO . Out of Philosophie likewise an other , to notifie his greatest impeachment , drew this principle , EX NIHI●O NIHIL : and inscribed it bend-wise , with his Armes in a bare shield . One weighed downe with some adverse happe , and yet not altogether hopelesse , painted an heavy stone fastned to a mans arme with , SPES MIHI MAGNA TAMEN . Neither seemed he voide of all hope for his paines , after long service , which painted a followe fielde with , AT QVANDO MESSIS . The Needle in the Sea Compasse still moving but to the North poynt onely with MOVEOR IMMOTVS , notified the respective constancie of the gentleman to one onely . The ornament of our land was meant by him which placed only the Moone in heaven in full light with , QVID SINE TE COELVM ? Farre was he from Venus service with bare Venus portrayed in a cloude with NIHIL MINVS . But whole devoted was hee to that goddesse , which contrariwise bare the Astronomicall character of Venus , with NIHIL MAGIS . The successive varietie of wordly affaires , or his owne favours , a studious Gen●leman well noted , which painted in an Hemisphere some starres rising some setting , with , SVRGVNT QVE CADVNT QVE VICISSIM . His whole trust reposed that good Divine in God , which after some adversities set vppe a Rocke beaten with winde & weather , to expresse his state yet standing , with DEO IVVANTE , DEO CONSERVANTE . Heavenly cogitations were in him , who onely figured a man kneeling , with ●is hands lifted vp to the heavens , with this inscribede , SVPREMA OPTIMA MVNDI . A verie good invention was that to shew his stay and support by a virgin Prince , who presented in his shield , the Zodiacke with the Characters onely of Leo and Virgo , and this word , HIS EGO PRAESIDIIS . It may bee thought that he noted deserts to bee everie where excluded , and meere happe to raise most men , who inscribed within a Laurell Garland , FATO , NON MERITO . A lavish tongue might seeme to have damnified the Gentleman which tooke for his device Landskip , as they call it , and solitarie Mountaines , with TVTI MONTES , TVTVM SILENTIVM . He had no great care to exp●esse his conceit in an Imprese , which neverthelesse he did expresse , which bare a white shield enscribed , NEC CVRA , NEC CHARACTER . No Knight of Venus was he , who as triumphing over her force , bare her Sonne winged Cupid in a nette , with QVI CAPIT , CAPITVR . The Starre called Spica Virginis , one of the fifteene which are accompted to be of the first magnitude among the Astronomers , with a scrole in written , MIHI VITA SPICA VIRGINIS , declared thereby happly , that hee had that Starre in the ascendent at his Nativitie , or rather , that he lived by the gracious favour of a virgin Prince . One in our sea-faring age adventuring himselfe and all he had to the Seas , proposing no certaine arrivall to himselfe , made a Ship with full sayles in the Sea , and superscribed , PORTVS IN IGNOTO . His minde mounted above the meane , which devised for himselfe , one that had clambred much more then halfe the way of a sleepe Mountaine , adding this worde neere him , DIXERVNT FATVI , omitting the other part of the verse , Medicum tenuere beati . Likewise he hoped to attaine the height of his desire , which made one climing to the middle of a Piramis , with HAC SPE , by him , and ILLIC SPES aboue him . Another also which climed in his conceyt , but as it seemeth fearing a fall , made a man vpon the vpp●r degree● of a Ladder , with this Mot adioyned , NON QVO , SED VNDE CADO. He referred Fate , Fortune and all to his Soveraigne , which drew for himselfe the twelve houses of heaven , in the forme which Astrologians vse , setting downe neither Signe , nor Planet therein , but onely placing over it this worde , DISPONE . The like reference had he which onely vsed a white Shield , and therein written , FATVM INSCRIBAT ELIZA . It may bee doubtfull whether hee affected his Soveraigne , or iustice more zealously , which made a man hovering in the aire , with FEROR AD ASTAEAM . You may easily coniecture what he conceyued , who in his shield reared an Oare with a ●aile fastned therevnto , adding . FO RS ET VIRTVS MISCENTVR IN VNVM . Full of loving affection was he to his Ladie , which bare a Rose vpon his pricking branch , and ABIGITQVE TRAHITQVE . With many a blustring blast he seemed to have beene tossed , which painted an Horizon , with all the Cardinall and collaterall windes blowing , and in the middest RAPIVNT QVEFERVNT QVE . As to the honour of Magellanus ( whose ship first passed round about the world , though he miscaried ) was devised the terrestriall Globe , with , TV PRIMVS CIRCVMDEDISTI ME. So our Sir Francis Drake , who fortunately effected the same , had devised for him a Globe terrestriall , vpon the height whereof in a ship vnder sayle , trayned about the Globe with two golden halsers , by direction of an hand out of a cloud , and a dragon volant vpon the hatches , regarding the direction with these wordes , AVXI●IO DIVINO . An Imprese too perplexed and vnfitting for so worthy a mā , who as one said to him most excelētly in this Distich PLVS VLTRA , Herculeis inscribas Drake 〈◊〉 , Et magno dicas Hercule maior 〈◊〉 . A man ve●●ly worthie to bee eternized by some good p●n , as also his seruant Iohn Oxenham , who ariving with 70. men in the straight of Dariena in America ▪ drew a land his ship ▪ and hiding it with boughes , marched ouer the l●nd with his companie , guided by Negros , vntill bee came to a riuer where he cut wood made him a Pinasse , entred the South sea , went to the Island of Pearles , lay there ten dayes , intercepted in two Spanish shippes 60. thousand weight of gol●e , and one hundred thousand in barres of silver , returned safely to the maine land : but through the mutinie of his souldiers he miscaried , and as the Poet sai●h , Magnu excidit ausis . In an adventure never attempted by any , and therefore not to be forgotten , when as the Lopez a Spaniard hath recorded it not without admiration , as you may see in the Discoveries of the lea●ned and industrious M Rich. Ha●kluit : But pardon this d●gression occasioned by the memorie of Sir Fr. Drake . It seemed a difficultie vnto him to l●●e rightly , either in libertie or in bondage , w●i●h painted one Greyhound coursing , with , IN LIBERTATE LABOR , and another ●i●d to a tree g●z●ng on the game , with , IN SERVITVTE DOLOR . I can not imagine what he m●ant , which too●e for his deuise a small brooke passing along the lands ●●ldly , till it came to a damme , and there rising and raging overflowed the lands , with , MAGIS MAGIS QVE , written in the place ouerflowed : vnlesse he would giue vs to vnderstand that the more his affections were stopped , the more they were stirred . He which tooke a man armed at all poynts with , ME , ET MEVM , while he shewed a resolution in his owne behalfe , forgat God , and that of King Henrie the eight , DIEV ET MON DROIT , God and my right . In the Impreses of Ruscelli , I find that Sir Ri●hard Shetley , Knight of S : Ioh●s , vsed a white Faulcon , with th●s Spanish Motto , FE Y FIDALGVIA . Id est . Faith and gentlenesse , which Faulcon he quartered in his arme● by the name of Michelgroue , As they say . Whereas the Laurell sacred to learning is never hurt by lightning , and therefore the Cocke resorteth therevnto in tempests , as naturall Historians testifie . He seemed studious of good learning , and feareful of daunger , which caused to be painted for him a Cocke vnder a Laurell , with , SIC EVIT ABILE FVLMFN . An amorous affection was onely noted in him which set downe an eye in an heart , with , VVLNVS ALO. Hee also helde one course , and levelled at one marke , which made a Riuer in a long tract disgorging himselfe into the Sea , with SEMPER AD MARE . Hee doubted not to find the right course by indirect meanes , which did set downe a sphericall crooked paire of Compasses , with PER OBLIQVA RE●TA . Hee proposed to himselfe honour in Martiall seruice , which made a Trophee , or truncke of a tree , with harnesse and abillements of warre , and a Sepulchre not farre off , adding vnder-neath , AVT SPOLIIS LAETEMVR OPIMIS . Omitting that which followeth in Virg●●l , Aut Laetho insigni . A warie man would he seeme , and carefull for his owne , which shewed a village on fire , with I AM PROXIMVS ARDET . Tyred might he seeme with Law-delayes , or such like sutes , which deuised for himself a tottering ship with torne sayles driuen vp and downe , with I AM SEVTIMA PORTAT . You know what followeth , Omn●bus errantem terris & fluctibus astas . In the beginning of her late Maiesties raigne , one vpon happie hope conceyved , made an halfe of the Zodiake , with Virgo rising , adding I AM REDIT ET VIRGO : Suppressing the wordes following , Redeunt Saturma regna . Varietie and vicissitude of humane things he seemed to shew , which parted his shield , Per Pale , Argent , & Sables , and counterchangeably writte in the Argent , ATER , and in the Sables , ALBVS . He elegantly shewed by whom he was drawne , which depainted the N●●ticall cōpasse , with , AVT MAGNES , AVI MAGNA . Another ascribing his life and all to his Ladie , pictured at 〈◊〉 neere a spring , and at the roote thereof , QVOD VIVAM TVVM . He shevved himselfe to be a Martiall , and a Mercuriall man , vvhich bare a svvorde in one hand , and a Bay in the other , vvith ARTI ET MARTI . It might seeme a craving Imprese , vvhich set nothing but Ciphers downe in a ro●le , with ADDE VEL VNVM . Likewise hee which set downe the nine numerall figures ▪ with ADDE , VEL ADIME . His meaning might be perceyved out of the last Eglogue of Virgill , containing Gallus loving lamentations , which po●● trayed a tree , and in the barke engraved E , adding this worde , CRES●ETIS . Studious in Alchimy might he seeme , or in some abstruse Art which he could not finde out , which shewed for his devise onely a golden branch , with LATET ARBORE OPACA . Hee se●med not to respect hopefull tokens without good effects , which made a ship sinking , and the Rainebow appearing , with QVID TV , SI PEREO. I know one which overcome with a praedominant humour was so troubled with a fancifull v●ine cogitation , so that no counsel or company could withdraw him from it , figured a man with a shadow pro●ected before him , with this word , IT COMES . A Gentleman scholler drawne from the Vniversitie where he was well liked to the Court , for which in respect of his bashfull modestie , he was not so fit ; painted a red corall branch , which while it grew in the sea was greene , with this , NVNC RVBEO , ANTE VIREBAM . Master Richard Carew of Anthony , when he was in his tender yeares , devised for himselfe an Adamant vpon an Anvile , with a hand holding an hammer thereover , and this Italian Motto , CHE VERACE DVRERA : which also contained his name Anagranimatically . He seemed not to be sufficiently warmed , living in the Sun-shine of the Court , which framed for his devise a glasse of Parabolicall concavitie , or burning glasse as some call it , with the Sunne shining over it , and a combustible matter kindled vnder it , with NEC DVM CALESCO . He doubted not but continuall suit would molifie his Mistris heart , which made an eye-dropping teares vpon an heart , SAEPE CADINDO . He lacked but some gracious hand to effect some matter well forward , which made more then halfe a circle with a paire of compasses , the onefoote fixed in the center , the other in the circumference , placing thereby , ADDE MANVM . His conceit was godly and ●owe spondent to his name , who made an , Hart to his race to a fountaine and over it , VT CFRVVS FONTEM , and vnder it , SIC ABRAHAMVS CHRISTVM . The meaning is plaine to all which know Scriptures , and I take the Gentlemans name to be Abraham Hartwell : The same Imprese was vsed by Boromeo the best Cardinall which I have heard of , but with this word , VNA SALVS . When the Spania●ds purposed the invasion 1588 , and their Navie was scattered to their confusion , by a ship fierd and carried among them by direction from her late Maiestie . A Gentleman depainted that Navie in confusion with a fiered ship approaching , adding to her honour out of Virgil : DVX FAEMINA FACTI . This calles another to my remembrance , which I have seen cast in silver , as concerning that matter , A great Navy vppon the sea neere the South coast of Englād , with VENIT , VIDIT , FVGIT : As that of Iulius Casar , when he had overcome Pharmaces , VENI , VIDI , VICI . About that time , vvhen some dislikes grew betweene the English and the States of the vnited Provinces , they fearing that it might tend to the hurt of both , caused to be imprinted two pitchers floating on the water vpon a Medalia , with SI COLLIDIMVR , FRANGIMVR . In the like sense , there vvere comed peeces vvith two Oxen drawing the plough , the one marked vvith a rose for England , the other vvith a Lyon on the shoulder for Holland , and vvritten thereby , TRAHITE AE QVO IVGO . He measured himselfe vvith a meane , and seemed to rest content , which made a To●tois in his shell , vvith MECVM HABITO . His conceit vvas obscure to mee vvhich painted a savadge of America pointing toward the Sun , vvith TIBI ACCESSV , MIHI DECESSV . Sir Philip Sidney , vvho vvas a long time heire apparant to the Earle of Leicester , after the said Earle had a sonne borne to him , vsed at the next Tilte-day following SPERAVI , thus dashed through , to shew his hope therein was dashed . He signified himselfe to be revived with gracious favor , which made the Sun-shining vpon a●●●hered tree , but new blooming , with this , HIS RADIIS REDIVIVA VIRESCO . The late Earle of Essex tooke a Diamond onely amidst his shield , with this about it , DVM FORMAS MINVIS : Diamonds , as all know , are impaired while they are fashioned and pointed . Sir Henry Lea vpon some Astrologicall consideration , vsed to her late Maiesties he now , the whole constellation of Ariadnes crowne , culminant in her nativitie , with this word : CAELVM QVE SOLVMQVE BE AVIT . A setled conscience did he shew , which made a Haleyon hovering against the winde with , CONSTANS CONTRARIA SPERNIT . The Fishers do say , that when it is dead and hanged vp , turneth the belly alwaies to the winde . He might seeme to be in some hard distresse , which carried a Viper vpon his hand , with this word over written , MORS , VEL MORSVS . He might seeme to reach at some of Vulcans order , which made a Bucke casting his hornes , with INERMIS DEFORMIS over him ; and vnder him , CVR DOLENT HABENTES ? It was some loving conceite expressed by him , which bare two Torches , the one light , the other out , with , EXTINGVOR A SIMILI . Another presenting himselfe at the Tilt , to shew himselfe to be but yong in these services , and resolving of no one Imprese , tooke onely a white shield , as all they did in olde time , that had exployted nothing : and in the base poynt thereof made a Painters pensill , and a little shell of colours , with this Spanish word , HAZED ME QVE QVIRES , ●d est , Make of me what you will. At that time one bare a paire of Scales , with fire in one ballance , and smoake in the other , thereby written , PONDER ARE , ERR ARE. The same day was borne by an other , many flies about a candle , with , SIC SPLENDIDIORA PETVNTVR . In an other shield , ( if I am not deceived ) droppes fell downe into a fire , and there-vnder was written , TAMEN NON EXTINGVENDA . The Sunne in another shield did seeme to cast his rayes vpon a starre , partely over-shadowed with a cloude , and thereby was set downe , TANTVM , QVANTVM . A letter folded and sealed vp , superscribed , LEGE ET RELEGE , was borne by another , and this last I referre to the Readers consideration . Confident vvas he in the goodnes of his cause , and the Iustice of our Land , who onely pictured Iustiti● with her Ballance and Sword , and this beeing an Anagramme of his name , DVM ILLA , EVINCAM . For whom also was devised by his learned friend , Pallas defensive Shield with G●rg●ns head thereon , in respect of his late Soveraignes most gratious patronage of him , with this Anagrammaticall woorde , NIL MALVM , CVI DEA . Caetera desunt . ¶ Grave Speeches , and wittie Apothegmes of woorthie Personages of this Realme in former times . TWenty yeares since , while I : Bishop ( whose memory for his learning is deare to me ) and my selfe turned over all our Historians wee could then finde , for diverse endes , wee beganne to note aparte the Apothegms or Speeches ( call them what ye wil ) of our nation . Which since that time I have so farre encreased , as our Countrey-Writers spare in this point , have affoorded ; and heere doe offer them vnto you . Albeit I doe knowe they will lie open to the censure of the youth of our time , who for the most part , are so over-gulled with self-liking , that they are more then giddy in admiring themselves , and carping whatsoever hath beene done or saide heeretofore , Neverthelesse I hope that all are not of one humour , and doubt not , but that there is diversitie of tastes , as was among Horaces guests ; so that which seemeth vnsavorie to one , may seemed dainty to another , and the most witlesse speech that shal be set downe , wil seeme wittie to some . We knowe that whereas Dianaes Temple at Ephesus was burned that night that Alexander the Great was borne ; one saide , It was no marvel , for she was then absent , as mother Midwise , at so great a child-birth ▪ Tully dooth commend this for a wittie conceit , and Plutarch condemneth it as a witlesse ieast . The like is to be looked for in these , which neverthelesse whatsoever they are in themselves , or in other mens iudgements , I commend them to such indifferent , courteous , modest Readers , as doe not thinke basely of the former ages , their country , and countriemen ; leaving to other to gather the pregnant Apothegmes of our time , which I knowe wil finde farre more favour . And that I may set them in order of time , I will beginne with the antient Britan Prince , called by the Rom●ns Caratacu● ( happly in his owne tongue Caradoc ) who flourished in the partes now called Wales , about the sixt●eth yeare after the birth of Christ . CAratacus a Britaine that 9. yeeres withstood the Roman p●●ssance , was at length vanquished , and in triumphant manner with his wife , daughters , and brethren , presented to Claudius the Emperour , in the view of the whole cittie of Rome . But he nothing appalled with this adversitie , delivered this speech ; Had my moderation and carriage in prosperitie , beene answerable to my Nobilitie and Estate , I might have come hither rather a friend than a captive ; neither would you have disdained to have entred amitie with me being nobly descended and soveraigne over many people . My present state , as it is reproachfull to me , ●o it is honorable to you : I had horsemen , munition and money , what marvel is it , if I were loath to loose thems If you will be soveraign● over all , by consequence all must serve you : Had I yeelded at the first , neither my power , nor your glorie had beene renewned , and after my execution oblivion bad ansewed : But if you save my use , I shall be for ever a president and proofe of your clemencie . This manly speech purchased pardon for him and his , and the Senate assembled adiudged the taking of this poore Prince of Wales , as glorious , as the conquering of Siphax King of Numidia by P. Scipio , or of Perses King of Macedonia by L. Paulus . [ Tacitu● ] When this 〈◊〉 now enl●rged was carried about to see the state and magnificence of Rome , Why doe you ( saide hee ) so greedily desire our poore cottages , when as you have such stately and magnificall pallaces ? [ Zonaras ] In the time of Nero , when the Britans could no longer beare the iniustice wherewith the Romans both h●re and elsewhere grounded their greatnes ; Bundica , called by some Boadicia , Princesse then of the partes of Norffolke and Suffolke , exceedingly iniuried by them , animated the Britan● to shake off the Roman bondage , and concluded : Let the Romaines which are no better than Hares and F●xe● vnderstand that they make a wrong match with Wool●es and Greyhoundes : And with that woorde lette an Hare o●t of her lappe , as a fore-token of the Romans fearefulnesse , but the successe of the b●ttell prooved otherwise . [ Xiphilinus . ] Calgacus a warrelike Britan commaunding in the north parte of this Isle , when he had encouraged his people with a long speach to withstand the Romans ready to invade them , concluded emphatically with these words , You are now come to the shocke , thinke of your auncestors , thinke of your posteritie : for the Britans before the arivall of the Romans enioyed happy liberty , and now were in daunger of most heavy slaverie . Severus the Emperour an absolute Lorde of the most parte of this Isle , when from meane estate hee had ascended to the highest honour , was woont to say , I have beene all , and am never the better . When hee lay sicke of the gowt at Yorke , and the souldiers had saluted his sonne there by the name of Augustus as their Soveraigne : he got him vppe , caused the principall practisers of that fact to be brought before him , and when they prostrate craved pardon , hee laying his hand vppon his head , sayde ; You shall vnderstand , that my head , and not my feete dooth governe the Empire : and shortly after ended his life in the cittie of Yorke with these wordes ; I found the State troublesome every where , and I leave it quiet even to the Britans , and the Empire sure and firme to my children , if they be good , but vnsure and weake if they be bad : A man he was verie industrious , of marvellous dispatch , and so invred in continuall action , that at the last gaspe he said , And is there any thing for me to doe now ? While he ruled , the world was so loose that three thousand were indicted at Rome of adultery , at which time Iulia the Empresse blamed the wife of Argetocox a northern Britaine Lady , that the Brittish women did not according to womanhoode carry themselves , in accompanying with men , ( for then tenne or twelve men hadde twoo or three wives common among them . ) But she not ignorant of the Roman incontinencie , replied ; Wee accompany indeede with the best and bravest men openly , but most vile and base companions doe vse you secretly . [ Xiphilinus ] At Yorke also died Constantinus Chlorus the Emperour , who being not able to furnish Dioclesian his consort in the Empire with such a masse of mony , as he required at that instant , saide , Hee thought it better for the common-weale that many should be in the handes of private men , then shutte vp in the Emperors coffers ; concurring with Traiane , who compared the treasure of the Prince vnto the splene , that the greater it groweth , the limbes are the lesser . [ Eusebius . ] His sonne C●nstantine , invested in the Empire at Yorke , ( and a Britan borne as all Writers consent , beside Nicophorus who lived not long since , and now Lipsius deceived by the false printed coppie of Iul. Firmicus , ) the first Emperour which advanced the faith of Christ , followed the humilitie of Christ , for hee vsed to call the common people , His fellow servants and brethren of the Church of God. When a slattering Priest ( for in all ages the Clericall will flatter , as well the Laicall ) tolde him that his godlines & virtues iustly deservd to have in this world the empire of the world , and in the world to come , to raigne with the sonne of God : The humble Emperour cried , Fie , fie , for shame , let me heare no more such vnseemely speeches : but rather suppliantly pray vnto my Almightie Maker , that in this life , and in the life to come , I may seeme worthy to be his servant . When hee sought by severe edicts to abolish all heathenish superstition , and laboured by godly lawes to establish the true religion and service of Christ ; yea , and vncessantly endevoured to draw men vnto the faith , perswading , reproving , praying , intreating in time , out of time , publikely and privately : he one day said merrily , yet truly vnto the Bishop , that he had bidden to a banquet , As ye be Bishops within the Church , so may I also seeme to be a Bishop out of the Church . He disswading one from covetousnes , did with his lance draw out the length and bredth of a mans grave , saying : This is all that thou shalt have when thou art dead , if thou canst happily get so much . He made a law , that no Christian should be bondman to a Iew , and if that any Iew did buy any Christian for his slave , hee should bee fined therefore , and the Christian enfranchised ; adding this reason : That it stoode not with equitie , that a Christian should be slave vnto the murderers of Christ . Ethelbert King of Kent , was hardly induced to imbrace Christian Religion at the perswasion of Augustine , sent to convert the English Nation : but at length , being perswaded and desirous to be baptized , said : Let vs come also to the King of Kings , and giver of Kingdomes : it may redound to our shame , that we which are first in authoritie , should come list to Christianitie : But I doe beseech that true King , that he would not respect the precedence in time , but devotion of my m●nde , [ Ioscelinus . ] When Paulinus brought vnto Edwin king of Northumberland , the glad tidings of the salvation of mankinde by Christ , and preached the Gospel vnto the king and his Nobilitie , zealously and eloquently , opening vnto them the mysteries of our faith and precepts of Christian Religion ; one of the Lords thus spake vnto the King , ( but some now happily will smile at this speach , ) We may ●●ely compare mans state vnto this little Robbin-redbrest , that is now in this cold weather heere in the wa●me chamber chirpeng and singing merrily , and as long as she shall remaine heere , wee shall see and vnderstand how she doeth : but anone when she shall be flowne hence abroad into the wide world , and shall be forced to feele the bitter stormes of hard winter , we shall not know what shall become of her : So likewise we see how men fare as long as they live among vs , but after they be dead , neither wee nor our Religion have any knowledge what becomes of them : Wherefore I do thinke it wisedome to give care vnto this man , who seemeth to shew vs , not onely what shall become of vs , but also how we may obtaine overlasting life heereafter . Beda . When Rodoald king of the East Angles , being wonne with rewards , was shamefully minded to have delivered vnto Edelfride the king of Northumberland , the innocent Prince Edwin , who had fled vnto him to be saved from the bloodie hands of Edelfride , who had vnlawfully bereaft him of his kingdome : His wife turned his intent , by telling him , that It stoode not with the high and sacred state of a King to buy and sell the bodies of men , as it were a peti●chapman : or that which is more dishonourable , slave-like to sell away his faith , a thing which hee ought to hold more precious then all the gold and gemmes of the whole world yea and his owne life . Beda . Ina King of West-Saxons , had three daughters , of whom vpon a time he demanded whether they did love him , and so would do during their lives above all others ; the two elder sware deepely they would , the yongest , but the wisest told her father flatly without flattery , That albest she did love , honour , and reverence him , and so would whilst she lived , as much as nature and daughterly dutie at the vttermost could expect : Yet she did thinke that one day it would come to passe , that she should affect another more servently , meaning her husband , when she were married : Who being made one flesh with her as God by commaundement had told , and nature had taught h●r she was to cleave fast to , forsaking father and mother , kisse and kinne . [ Anonymus . ] One referreth this to the daughters of king Leir . Imperious was that speech of Theodore the Grecian , Archbishop of Canterbury , in depriving a poore English Bishop , Although we can charge you with nothing , yet that we w●●l we wi●l : like to that , Sie volo , sic ●ubeo , stat pro ratione voluntas : But humble was the English Bishops reply : Paul appealed from the Iewes to Caesar , and I from you to Christ . Vita S. Wilfredi . The reverend Bede , whome wee may more easily admire , than sufficiently praise for his profound learning in a most barbarous age , when he was in the pangs of death , saide to the standers by ; I have so lived among you , that I am not ashamed of my life , neither feare I to die , because I have a most gratious Redeemer . Hee yeelded vp his life with this praier for the Church ; O King of glory , Lorde of Hostes , which hast triumphantly ascended into heaven , leave vs not fatherlesse , but send the promised spirit of thy trueth amongest vs. Some write that hee went to Rome , and interpreted there S , P , Q , R , in derision of the Gothes swarming to Reme , Stultus Populus Quaerit Roman : and that in his returne hee died at Genoa , where they shew his toombe : But certaine it is that he was sent for to Rome by Sergius the Pope , and more certaine that hee died at Weremouth , and from thence was translated to Durham : And that I may incidently note that which I have heard : Not manie yeeres since a French Bishop returning out of Scotland , comming to the Church of Durham , and brought to the shrine of Saint Cu●hbert , kneeled downe , and after his devotions , offered a Baubie , saying ; Sancte Cuthberte , si sanctus si● , ora pro me : But afterward , being brought vnto the Toombe of Bed● , saying likewise his Orisons , offered there a French crowne with this alteration , Sancte Beda , quia sanctus es , ora pro me . Iohannes Erigena surnamed Scotus , a man renowned for learning , sitting at the Table , in respect of his learning , with Charles the bawld Emperour and King of Fraunce , behaved himselfe as a slovenly Scholler , nothing Courtly ; whereupon the Emperour asked him merrily , Quid interest inter Scotum & Sotum ; What is betweene a Scot and a Sot ? Hee merrily , but yet malapertly aunswered , Mensa , The Table ; as though the Emperour were the Sot , and hee the Scot. [ Rog : Hovede●us , ] On an other time the Emperour did serte downe vnto him a dish with two faire great fishes , and one little one , willing him to be carver vnto two other Schollers that fate beneath him : Then Maister Iohn , who was but a little man , layed the two great fishes vppon his owne trencher , and set downe the one little fish vnto the other two Schollers , who were bigge men . Which when the Emperour sawe , hee smiling saide ; In good faith Maister Iohn , you are no indifferent divider : Yes if it like your Highnesse , verie indifferent ( saide he ) for heere ( poynting to himselfe and the two great fishes ) be two great ones , and a little one , and so yonder ( reaching his hand towardes the Schollers ) are two great ones and a little one . Idem Wenefridus borne at Kirton in Devonshire , after furnamed Boniface , who converted Freesel and to Christianitie , was wont to say , In olde time there were golden Prelats , and woodden Chalices , but in his time woodden Prelates , and golden Chalices . [ Beatus Rhenanus libr. 2. rerum Germen●arum . ] Ethelwold the Bishop of Winchester in the time of king Edgar , in a great famine , solde away all the sacred golde and silver vessells of all his church , to releeve the hunger-starved poore people , saying , That there was no reason that the senselesse temples of God should abound in riches , and living temples of the holy-ghost starve for hunger . Whenas Kinnad King of Scot● a vassall to King Eadgar of England , had saide at his Table , That it stoode not with the honour of the Princes of this Isle to be subiect to that Dandiprat Eadgar , who was indeede but of small stature , yet full of courage . He vnderstanding thereof withdrew Kinnad privately into a wood , as though hee had to conferre with him of some important secret ; where he offered him the choice of two swords , prepared for that purpose , with these wordes , Now we are alone , you may try your manhood : now may it appeare who should be subiect to the other : retire not one foote backe : It standeth not with the honour of Princes to brave it at the Table , and not to dare it in the field . But Kinad heere-at dismaied , desired pardon by excuse , and obtained it . [ Malmesburiensis pag. 33. ] The same king Eadgar , having brought into his subiection the aforesaid Kinnad king of Scottes , Malcolm king of Cumberland , Mac cuis the arch pirate lord of the Isles , with Dufnall , Griffith , Howell , Iacob , Iudethil● Princes of Wales , was rowed by them in triumphant manner in his barge vpon the river of Dee at Chester , at which time it is reported he saide ; Then may my successours the Kings of England glorie , when they shall doe the like . [ Marianus Scotus Anno 973. When Hinguar of Denmarke came so sodainely vppon Edmund the king of the East-Angles , that hee was forced to seeke his safetie by flight , hee happened vnhappily on a troupe of Danes , who fell to examining of him , whether hee knew where the king of the East-Angles was , whome Edmund thus answered ; Even now when I was in the palace , he was there , and when I went from thence , he departed thence , and whether he shall escape your handes or no , onely God knoweth . But so soone as they once heard him name God , the godlesse infidells pittifully martired him . [ Vita Sancti Edmundi . When Brithwold a noble Saxon marching against the Danes encamped neare Maldon , was invited by the Abbot of Elie to take his dinner with him , he refusing , answered ; Hee would not dine from his companies , because hee could not fight without his companies . Liber Eliensis . King Canutus , commonly called Knute , walking on the sea sands neare to Southampton , was extolled by some of his flattering followers , and tolde that hee was a king of kings , the mightiest that raigned farre and neare , that both sea and land were at his commaund : But this speach did put the godly King in mind of the infinite power of God , by whome Kings have and enioy their power , and therevpon hee made this demonstration to refell their flatterie : He tooke off his cloake , and wrapping it round together , s●te downe vpon it neare to the sea , that then beganne to slowe , saying , Sea , I commaund thee that thou touch not my feete : 〈◊〉 he had not so soone spoken the worde , but the surg●ng wave dashed him . He then rising vp , and going backe , saide : Ye see now my Lorde , what good cause you have to call me a King , that am not able by my commaundement to stay one wave : no morta●l man doubtlesse is woorthy of such an 〈◊〉 name , no man hath such commaund , but one King , which ruleth all : Let vs honour him , let vs call him King of all kings , and Lord of all nations : Let vs not onely confesse , bvt also pr●fesse him to be ruler of the heavens , sea , an● land . [ Polydorus and others . When Edric the extorte● was deprived by King C●ute of the government of Mercia ; hee impatient of the disgrace , tolde him he had deserved better , for that to pleasure him , hee had first revolted from his Soveraigne king Edmund , and also dispatched him . Whereat C●ute all appalled , answered ; And thou shalt die for thy desert , when●● thou arte a traitour to God and me , in killing thy king , and my confederate brother ; His bloud be vpon thy head , which hast layed handes vpon the Lordes annoynted . Some reporte that he saide ; For his deserts he should be advaunced above all the Nobilitie of England , which h● c●mmediately performed , advauncing his head vpon the Tower of London . [ Florilegus . King Edward the Confessour , one afternoone lying in his bedde with the curtaine , drawne round about him , a poore pilfering Courtier came into his chamber , where finding the Kings Casket open , which Hugoline his chamberlaine had forgotten to shut , going foorth to pay money in haste , hee tooke out so much money as hee could● well carry , and went away . But insatiable desire brought him againe , and so the third time , when the King who lay still all this while , and would not seeme to see , beganne to speake to him , and bade him speedily be packing ; For he was well if hee coulde see , for if Hugoline came and tooke him there , he were not onely like to loose all that he had gotten , but also stretch an halter . The fellow was no sooner gone , but Hugoline came in ; and finding the Casket open , and much money taken away , was greatly mooved : But the King willed him not to he grieved , For ( saide he ) he that hath it had more neede of it then wee have . This at that time was adiudged Christian lenitie , but I thinke in our age it will be accounted simplicitie in the woorst sense . [ Vita Sancti Edwardi . This Edward hasted out of Normandie , whither his expelled father king Ethelred had fled with him , with a great power to recover the kingdome of England from the Danes , neere vnto whose forces hee was encamped , ready to give them battell : But when his Captaines promised him assured victorie , and that they would not leave one Dane alive : God forbid ( quoth Edward , ) that the kingdome should be recovered for me one man , by the death of so many thousand men : It is better that I do leade a private and vnbloody life , then be a King by such but chery : And therewithall brake vp Campe and retyred into Normandy , where he staied vntill God sent oportunitie to obtaine the kingdome without blood . [ Paulus Aemilius . ] Harold as hee waited on the cup of the said king Edward , chanced to stumble with one foot that he almost kissed the ground , but with the other legge he recovered himselfe and saved the wine , whereat his father Godwyn Earle of Kent , who then dined with the King , smiling sa●d : Now one brother did helpe another : At this word , although spoken proverbially , the Kings blood beganne to rise , thinking how shamefully they had murdered his brother Alfrede , and angerly answered : And so might my brother have beene a helpe to me , if it had pleased you . [ VitaS . Edwards . ] The same king Edward passing out of this life , commended his wise to the Nobilitie , and said ; That she had carried her selfe as his wife abroad , but as his sister or daughter at home : Afterward seeing such as were present weeping and lamenting for him , he said ; If you loved me , you would for beare weeping and reioyce , because I go to my father , with whom I shall receive the ioyes promised to the faithfull , not through my merits , but by the free mercy of my Saviour , which sheweth mercy on whom he pleaseth . [ Eilredus Rivallensis ] Sywarde the martiall Earle of Northumberland , feeling in his sicknes that he drew towards his end , arose out of his bed and put on hi● Armour , saying , That it became not a valiant man to die lying , like a beast : and so he gave vp the Ghost standing : As valiantly both spoken and performed , as it was by Vespasian . When the said Siward vnderstood that his sonne whom he had sent in service against the Scottishmen , was staine , he demaunded whether his wound were in fore part or hinder pa●t of his body , when it was answered in the fore part , he replied : I am right glad , neither wish any other death to me or mine . [ Hen. Hunt●ngdon . ] In this age when a Bishop living loosely was charged that his conversation was not according to the Apostles lives , he made a mocke at it ▪ and excus●d himselfe with this verse , which was after taken vp for a common excuse in that behalfe : Nunc aliud tempus , a●●j pro tempere m●res . [ Anonymus . ] When the fatall period of the Saxon Empire was now complete , and battells were marshalled betweene William Duke of Normandy , and Harold King of England , Girthe Haroldes yonger brother , not holding it best to hazard the kingdome of England at one cast , signified to the King , that the succ●sse of warre was doubtfull , that victory was swayed rather by fortune than by valour , that advised delay was most important in Martiall affaires , and if so bee brother ( said he , ) You have plighted your faith to the Duke , retyre your selfe , for no force can serve against a mans owne conscience , God will revenge the violation of an ●the : You may reserve your selfe to give them a new encounter , which will be more to their terrour : As for me , if you will commit the charge to me , I will performe both the part of a kinde brother , and a couragious Leader . For being cleare in conscience , I shall sell my life , or discomfit your enemy with more felicitie . But the King not liking his speech , answered : I will never turne my backe with dishonour to the Norman , neither can I in any sort disgest the reproach of a base minde : Wel , then be it so , ( said some discontented of the company , ) let him beare the brunt that hath given the occasion . [ Anonymus . ] VVIlliam Conquerour when he invaded this Iland , chanced at his arrivall to be graveled , and one of his feete stacke so fast in the sand , that he fell to the ground . Wherewithall one of his attendants caught him by the arme and helped him vp , saying : Stand vp my ●iege Lord and be of good cheare , for now you have taken fast footing in England : and then espying that he brought vp sand and earth in his hand , added : Yea and you have taken livery and seisin of the Country : For you know that in delivering of livery and seisin , a peece of the earth is taken . [ Hist . Normanica . ] A Wizard , ( or a Wise-man as they then called them , ) had fore-told William that he should safely arrive an England with his whole Armie , without any impeachment of Harold : the which after it came it passe , the King sent for the Wizard to conferre further with him . But when it was told him that he was drowned in that ship which onely of all the whole fleete miscarried , The Conquerour said : He would never make account of that science that profited more the ignorant then the skilfull therein , for he could fore-see my good fortune , but not his owne mishap . [ Idem . ] That morning that he was to ioyne battell with Harold , his atmorer put on his backe-peece before , and his breast-plate behinde , the which being espied by some that stood by , was taken on them for an ill token , and therefore advised him not to fight that day ; to whom the Duke answered : I force not of such fooleries , but if I have any skill 〈◊〉 South-saying , ( as in sooth I have none , ) it doth prognosticate that I shall change copie from a Duke to a King. [ Idem . ] Magike in the time of Ner● , was discovered to be but a vanitie , in the declining state of the Roman Empire accounted by the Gentiles a verity : in the time of Hildebrand , ( if we beleeve Authors , ) so approoved that it was commonly practised : For as in the time of Vale●s , divers curious men ( as hath beene said , ) by the falling of a ring Magically prepared vpon the letters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , iudged that one Theodorus should succeede in the Empire , when indeede Theodosius did . So when Hildebrand was Pope , by like curiosities it was found that Odo should succcede . Wherevppon Odo Earle of Kent , and Bishop of Bayeux , brother to king William the Conquerour , devoured the Papacy in hope , sent mony his perswading messengers to Rome , perchased a pallace there , and prepared thitherward ; when king William for his presumption , and other his misdemenours staied him , and committed him , saying : Offensive foole-hardines must be timely restrained [ Liber Cadomensis . ] When the same Od● who was both Bishop of Bai●ux in Normandy , and Earle of Kent , in former time had so disloyally carried himselfe against king William the Conquerour , that he complained of him to his Lords : Lanfranc Archbishop of Canterbury advised the King to commit him . But what say you● ( quoth the King , ) whenas he is a Clergyman ? You may not , saide he , commit the Bishop of Baieux , but you may well 〈◊〉 the Earle of Kent [ W : Malmsbur ] Like vnto this was that distinction of Piramus , Secretary to Charles the fift in late yeares , when Pope Iulius the second did combine with the French king , against the Emperour , of the Popes honesty , and Iulius dishonesty . This King William , by reason of sickenes , kept his chamber a long time , whereat the French King scoffing saide : The King of England heth long in childe-bed . Which when it was reported vnto King William , hee aunswered ; When I am churched there shal be a thousand lights in France : ( alluding to the lights that women vsed to beare when they were churched , ) and that hee performed within few dayes after , wasting the French frontires with fire and sword . The same King at the time of his death , saide ; I appoint 〈◊〉 successour in the kingdome of England , but I commend it to the eternall God , whose I am , and in whose handes all thinges are : happly remembring that of the Monke before specified , pag. 5. This king perceiving his owne defects , in some poynts , for want of learning , did exhort his children oftentimes to learning with this saying , An vnlearned Prince is a crowned Asse : Which speech tooke so great impression in his sonne Henry , that hee obtained by studie and learning the surname of Beauclearke , or fine Scholler . [ Annales Ecclesia Cant. Malmesburiensi● . VVilliam Rufus loved wel to keep vacant Bishopriks and Abbies in his handes , saying ; Christes bread is sweet , dainty , and most delicate for Kings . But although this King made most commonly , as it were , port-sale of the Spirituall livings ; yet when twoo Monkes were at drop-vied Bezantines ( the currant golde of that age ) before him for an Abbey , hee espied a third Monke of their company standing in a corner , whom the King asked , what hee would give to be Abbot ? Not one farthing ( saide he ) for I renounced the world and riches , that I might serve God more sincerely . Then ( said the King ) thou arte most woorthy to be made Abbot , and thou shalt have it . [ Liber Cantuar. When newes were brought him that the French King had besieged the cittie of Constances in Normandy , ●e posted with a few to the sea coast , to take ship . But because the winde blew very strong from South , the sailers signified , that it was very dangerous for him to take Sea , but the King replied , Hoise vp sailes in Gods name , for I have not heard of a King drowned by tempest : You shall see both winde and weather serviceable to vs. Answerable to that of Iulius Caesar , which inforced a poore Pilote in the like case to launch foorth , and in the rage of the storme comforted him with saying , Caesarem & Caesaris fortunam vebis . And as couragiously as that of Charles the fift , who in the battel of Tunis when he was advised by the Marquise of Gu●sto to retire his person , when the great ordonance began to play , saide ; Marquesse , thou never heardst that an Emperour was slaine with a great shot . I will heere present you with an other speech ( or call it what you will ) of the same King William Rufus , out of the good and historicall Poet Robert of Glocester , that you may compare a Princes pride in that age , with our private pride , and that our first finest Poets may smile at the verses of that time , as succeeding ages , after some hundred yeeres will happly smile at theirs : As his Chamberlaine him brought , as he rose on a day . A morrow for to weare , a paire of hose of Say : He asked what they costned , three shillings he seid , Fie a dibles quoth the King , who sey so vile a deede : King to weare so vile a cloth , but it costned more , Buy a paire for a marke , or thou shalt ha cory f●re . A worse paire enough , the other swith him brought , And said they costned a marke , & vnneth he them so boght : Aye bel-amy , quoth the King , these were well bought , In this manner serve me , other ne serve me not . Hitherto also may be referred that of this king William , who the morning before hee was slaine with an arrow in hunting , tolde his company he dreamed the last night before , that an extreame cold winde passed throgh his sides : whereupon some disswaded him to hunt that day , but hee resolved to the contrary answering . They are no good Christians that regard dreames . But he found the dreame too true , being shot through the side by Walter Tirell . [ Tragmentum antiquae historiae Franc. à P. P●th●● aditum . OF Henry the first I have read no memorable speach , but what I have read I will report . He was by common voice of the people commended for his wisedome , eloquence , and victories , dispraised for covetousnes , cruelty , and lechery : Of which hee left proofe by his sixteene bastards . But it seemeth that his iustice was deemed by the common people to be crueltie , for the learned of that age surnamed him the Lion of Iustice , [ Huntingd. Polycraticon , Gemeticensis . It was the custome of the Court in the time of King Henry the first , that bookes , billes , and letters shoulde be drawne , and signed for servitors in the Court , concerning their owne matters , without fee. But at this time Turstane the kings steward , or Le Despencer , as they then called him , from whom the family of the L. Spencers came , exhibited to the king a complaint , against Adam of Yarmouth clarke of the Signet , for that he refused to signe without fee , a bill passed for him . The king first heard Turstane , commending the olde custome at large , and charging the Clarke for exacting somewhat contrary thereunto , for passing his booke . Then the Clarke was heard , who briefly saide , I received the Booke , and sent vnto your steward , desiring him only to bestow of me two spice cakes , made for your owne mouth , who returned answer ; He would not , and thereupon I denied to seale his Booke . The King greatly disliked the steward for returning that negative , and forthwith made Adam sit downe vppon the bench , with the seale and Turstanes Booke before him , but compelled the steward to put off his cloake , to fetch two of the best spice cakes for the kings owne mouth , to bring them in a faire white napkin , and wi●h lowe curtsie to present them to Adam th● C●arke ; which being accordingly performed , the Ki●g comma●ded Adam to seale and delive , him his Booke , and made them s●endes , add●ng this speech , Officers of the Court must gratifie , anashew a cast of their office , not onely one to another : but also to all strangers , whensoever neede shall require . [ ●ualterus Mapes . De nugis Curialium . There was allowed a pottle of wine for livery everie night to be served vp to king Henry the first chamber , but because the king did seldome or never vse to drinke in the night , Paine Fitz-Iohn his Chamberlaine , and the Pages of the Chamber did carowse the wine among them . On a time it happened the King at midnight called for wine , but none was to be found : Paine and the Pages bestured them●elves in vaine , seeking wine heere ●nd there . Paine was called in to the King , who asked him if there were not allowance for livery : hee humbly answered that there was a pottle allowed everie night , but for that hee never called for it ( to say the trueth in hope of pardon ) wee drunke it vp amongst v● ; Then ( quoth the King ) have you but one pottle every night ? that is too shorte for mee and you , from hencefoorth there shall be a whole gallon allowed , whereof the one pottle shall be for mee , the other for you and yours . This I note , not for anie gravi●e , but that the King in that age was commended herein both for bountie and clemencie . [ Cualterus Mapes . Queene Mawd wife to King Henry the first of England , and daughter to Malcolme Canmore King of Scotland , was so devoutly religious , that she would goe to church barefoote , and alwayes exercise herselfe in workes of charitie , insomuch that when David her brother came out of Scotland to visite her , he found her in her privie chamber with a towell about her middle , washing , wiping , and kissing poore peoples feete , which he disliking saide , Verily if the King your husband knew this , you should never kisse his lippes . She replied ; That the feete of the King of heaven are to bee preferred before the lippes of a King in earth . [ Guil : Malmes : & Math. Paris . Simon Deane of Lincolne , who for his Courtlike carriage was called to Court , and became a favourite of this king Henry the first , was wont to say , I am cast among courtiers , as salt among quicke Eeles , for that he salted , powdred , and made them stirre with his salt and sharpe quipping speeches . But what saieth the Author , who reporteth this of him ; The salt lost his season by the moysture of the Eeles , and was cast out on the dunghill : For hee incurring hatred in Court , was disgraced , committed , and at last banished . Henr. Huntingdon in Epistola . VVHen the Scottes in the time of king Stephen with a great army invaded England , the Northerne people brought to the field the Earle of Albemarle the only respective heire of those partes in his cradle , and placed him by the Standard , hoping thereby to animate the people : But Ralph Bishop of Duresme animated them more with this saying , Assure your selves , that this multitude not trained by discipline wil be combersome to it selfe in good successe , and in distresse easily discomforted . Which proved accordingly , for many Scottishmen left their carcases in the field . [ Historiola de Standardo . MAwd the Empresse , daughter and heire of this king Henry the first , which stiled her s●lfe Lady of the Englishmen , would often say to her sonne king Henry the second ; Be hasty in nothing ; Hawkes are made more serviceable , when yee make faire shewes of offering meate often , and yet with-hold it the longer . [ Cualterus Mapes . Others Maximes of her , In arte Reguands proceeding from a niggish olde wife I wittingly omitte , as vnbefitting a Prince . Robert Earle of Gloucester base sonne to king Henry the first , the onely martiall man of England in his age , vsed Stephen Beauchampe with all grace and countenaunce , as his onely favorite and privado , to the great dislike of all his followers . Whereupon when he was distressed in a conflict , he called to some of his companie for helpe , but one bitterly bade him , Call nowe to your Stephen . Pardon mee , pardon me , replieth the Earle , In matters of Venery I must vse my Stephen , but in Martiall affaires I relie who he vppon you . [ Gualter Mapes de Nugis Curialium . HEnry the second caused his eldest sonne Henry to bee crowned k●ng , and that day served him at the Table , Whereuppon the Archebishop of Yorke said vnto the yoong king , Your Maiestie may reioyce , for there is never a Prince in the world that hath this day such a waiter a● his Table as you have . Wonder you so much a● that my Lord ( saide the yong king ) and dooth my father thinke it an abasement for him being discended of royall bloud , onely by his mother , to serve me at the Table , that have both a King to my father , and a Queene to my mother ? Which prowde speech when the vnfortunate father heard , hee rounded the Archbishop in the care , and saide ; I repent mee , I repent me of nothing more than of vntimely advauncements . [ Anonymus . Wimund Bishop of the Isle of Man , in the time of King Stephen , a martiall Prelate ( as many were in that age ) after he had with many an inrode annoyed the Scots , some English procured by them sodainely apprehended him , put out his eies , and gelded him ( as my Author saieth ) for the peace of the kingdome , not for the kingdome of heaven . Who after retiring himselfe to the Abbey of Biland in Yorkeshire , would often couragiously say , Had I but a sparrowe , eye , my enemies should never carry it away scot-free . [ Newbrigensis . ] When king Plenry the second was at S. Davis in Wales , and from the cliffes there in a cleere day discovered the coast of Ireland , that most mighty Monark of this realme , saide ; I with my shippes am able to make a bridge thither , if it be no further : which speach of his beeing related to Murchard king of Lemster in Ireland ; he demaunded if hee added not to his speech ( with the grace of God : ) when it was answered , that hee made no mention of God : Then saide hee more cheerefully , I feare him lesse which trusteth more to himselfe , than to the helpe of God. [ Giraldus Cambrensis . Owen of Kevelsoc Prince of Powis admitted to the table of king Henry the second at Shrewsbury , the king the more to grace him , reached him one of his owne loaves , which he cutting in small peeces , and setting them as farre off as he could reach , did eate very leasurely . When the king demaunded what he meant thereby , he aunswered , I doe as you my Soveraigne , meaning that the king in like manner tooke the fruition of offices and spirituall preferments , as long as he might . [ Giraldus . The same king Henry returning out of Ireland , arrived at saint Davis in Wales , where it was signified vnto him , that the Conqueror of Ireland returning that way , should die vpon a stone called Lech-laver neere the churchyard : whereupon in a great presence he pasted over it , and then reprooving the Welsh-Britans credulity in Merlins Prophecies , said ; Now who will heereafter credite that liar Merlin ? [ Giraldus . Gilbert Foliot Bishop of London disliking Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury , woulde say oftentimes , Ad Zachaeum non divertisset Dominus nisi de sicomoro iam descendisset : That Zachaeus had never entertained and lodged Christ , vnlesse he had come downe from the figge tree : As though Christ could never like the lofty , vntill they should humiliate themselves , and come downe . [ Anonymus Ms. The same king would often say , The whole world is 〈◊〉 enough for a great Prince . [ Girald . in Distinct . In the time of this Henry the second , the See of Lincolne was so long voyde , as a certaine Convert of Tame prophecied , that there should be no more Bishoppes of Lincolne : But he prooved a truthlesse prophet , for Geffrey the kings base sonne was preferred after sixteene yeeres vacancie thereunto , but so fitte a man , as one saide of him , That he was skilfull in fleecing , but vnskilfull in feeding . [ Vitae Episcoporum Eboracensium . This gallant base Bishoppe would in his protestations and othes alwayes protest , By my faith , and the King my father . But Walter Mapes the kings Chaplan told him , You might doe aswel to remember sometimes your mothers honesty , as to mention so often your fathers royaltie . [ Mapes de Nugis Curialium . This Bishop Ceffrey in all his Instruments passing from him , vsed the stile of G. Archiepiscopus Eborum ; but in the circumference of his Seale , to notifie his royall parentage , Sigillum Galfredi filij Regis Anglorum , as I observed in his Seales . SAvage a Gentleman which amongst the first English , had planted himselfe in Vlster in Ireland , advised his sonne for to builde a castle for his better defence against the Irish enemy , who valiantly answered ; that hee woulde not trust to a castle of stones , but to his castle of bones , Meaning his body . [ Mar●ebrigensis . Robert B●anchmaines Earle of Leicester was wont to say Soveraigne Princes are the true types or relemblances of Gods true maiestie , in which respect , saieth mine Author , treason against the Princes person was called Crimen maiest at is [ Polycraticon . Pope Adrian the fourth an English man borne , of the familie of Breakespeare in Middlesex , a 〈◊〉 commended for converting Norway to christianity , before his Papacie . but noted in his Papacie , for vsing the Emperour Fredericke the second as his Page , in holding his stirroppe , demaunded of Iohn of Sarisbury his countryman what opinion the world had of the Church of Rome , and of him , who answered : The Church of Rome which should be a mother , is now a stepmother , wherein sit both Scribes and Pharises ; and as for your selfe , whenas you are a father , why doe you exspect pensions from your children ? &c. Adrian smiled , and after some excuses tolde him this tale , which albeit it may seeme long , and is not vnlike that of Menenius Agrippa in Livie , yet give it the reading , and happly you may learne somewhat by it . All the members of the body conspired against the stomacke , as against the swallowing gulfe of all their labors ; for whereas the eies beheld , the eares heard , the handes labored , the feete traveled , the tongue spake , and all partes performeds their functions , onely the stomacke lay ydle and consumed all . Hereuppon they ioyntly agreed al to forbeare their labors , and to pine away their lasie and publike enemy . One day passed over , the second followed very tedious , but the third day was so grievous to them all , that they called a common Counsel ; The eyes waxed d●mme , the feete could not support the body , the armes waxed lasie , the tongue faltered , and could not lay open the matter ; Therefore they all with one accord desired the advise of the Heart . There Reason layd open before them , that ●ee against whome they had proclaimed warres , was the cause of all this their misery : For he as their common steward , when his allowances were withdrawne , of necessitie withdrew theirs fro them , as not receiving that he might allow . Therfore it were a farre better course to supply him , than that the limbs should faint with hunger . So by the perswasion of Reason , the stomacke was served , the limbes comforted , and peace re-established . Even so it fareth with the bodies of Common-weales ; for albeit the Princes gather much , yet not so much for themselves , as for others : So that if they want , they cannot supply the want of others ; therefore do not repine at Princes heerein , but respect the common good of the whole publike estate . [ Idem . Oftentimes would he say , All his preferments never added any one iote to his happinesse or quietnesse . [ Idem . He also ( that I may omitte other of his speeches ) would say , The Lord hath dilated me by hammering me vpon the anvild ; but I beseech him he would vnderlay his hand to the vnsupportable burthen which he hath layde vpon me . [ Idem . When it was signified vnto king Richard the first , son to the foresaide King Henry sitting at supper in his pallace at Westminster ( which we call the old pallace now ) that the French king besieged his towne of Vernoil in Normandie : he in greatnes of courage protested in these wordes , I will never turne my backe vntil I have confronted the French : For performance of which his princely word , hee caused the wall in his pallace at Westminster to be broken downe directly towardes the South , posted to the coast , and immediately into Normandie , where the very report of his sodaine arrivall , so terrified the French , that they raised the siege , and retired themselves . [ Ypodigma . The same king Richard purposing an expedition into the holy land , made money at all handes , and amongst other things solde vnto Hugh Pudsey Bishop of Durham the Earledome of Northumberland , merrily laughing when he invested him , and saying ; Am not I cunning , and my crafiesmaister , that can make a yoong Earle of an olde Bishoppe ? But this Prelate was fitte to be an Earle , for the worlde ( as one of that age saide of him ) was not crucifixus to him , but infixus in him . [ Lib. Dunelm . One Fulke a Frenchman of great opinion for his holinesse tolde this king Richard that hee kept with him three daughters , that would procure him the wrath of God , if he did not shortly ridde himselfe of them . Why hypocrite ( quoth the king ) all the worlde knoweth that I never hadde childe , Yea ( saide Fulke ) you have as I saide , three ; and their names are Pride , Covetousnesse , and Lechery . ( It is so ( saide the king ) you shal see me presently bestow them : the Knightes Templers shal have Pride , the while M●nkes Covetousnesse , and the Cleargy Lechery ; and there have you my three daughters bestowed among you . When there was a faire opportunitie offered vnto this king Richard , and to Hugh duke of Burgundie for the surprise of Ierusalem , they marched forward in two battalles from Acres . The king of England led the first , the Duke of Burgundie the other ; when they approched , the Duke of Burgundie envying the glory of the English , signified to the king of England , that he would retire with his companies , because it should not be said , that the English had taken Ierusalem . While this message was delivering , and the King grieving that so glorious an enterprise was so overthwarted by envie ; one amongest the English companies cryed alowde to the King and said , Sir , S●r , come hither and I will shew you Ierusalem . But king Richard cast his coate of armes before his face , and weeping vttered these wordes with alowde voice ; Ah my Lord God , I beseech thee that I may not see thy holy Cittie Ierusalem , whenas I am not able to deliver it out of the handes of the enemies . [ Ian Sire Signour de Ionville in the life of Saint Le wes . cap. 70. This Author also giveth this testimony of the saide king , in the eight chapter of the saide Booke . This Prince was of such prowesse , that he was more feared and redoubted amongest the Sarazens then ever was any Prince Christian . Insomuch that when as their little infants beganne to crie , their mothers would say to make them holde their peace ; King Richard commeth , and wil have you , and immediately the little children hearing him named , would forbeare crying : And likewise the Turkes and Sarazens , when their horses at any time started , they woulde putte spurre to them and say ; What you iades , you thinke King Richard is heere ? When the same king Richard had fortunately taken in a skirmish , Philippe the Bishop of Beavoys a deadly enemy of his , hee cast him in prison with boltes vpon his heeles , which being complained of vnto the Pope , he wrote earnestly vnto him , not to detaine his deere sonne , an Ecclesiasticall person , and a sheepheard of the Lordes , but to send him backe vnto his flocke . Whereuppon the King sent vnto the Pope the armour that he was taken in , and willed his Ambassadour to vse the words of Iacobs sonnes vnto their father , when they had solde away their brother Ioseph , Hanc invenimus , vide vtrum tunica filij tui sit , an 〈◊〉 This wee found , see whether it be the coate of thy sonne , or no. Nay ( quoth the Pope ) it is not the coate of my sonne , nor of my brother , but some impe of Mars , and let him procure his deliverie of he will , for I wil be no meane for him . When the French king and king Richard the first beganne to parlee of peace , his brother Iohn , who had falsely and vnnaturally revolted vnto the French king , fearing himselfe , came in of his owne accord , and suppliantly besought Richard brotherly to pardon his manifolde offences , that he had vnbrotherly committed against him , hee rehersed the straight league of brotherly piety , he recounted the many merits of his brother , he bewailed with teares that hitherto he had beene vnmindefull of them , as an vnnaturall and vnthankefull person . Finally , that hee dooth live , and shall live , hee dooth acknowledge that hee hath received it at his handes . The king being mollified with this humble submission , saide : God graunt that I may as easily forget your offences , as you may remember wherein you have offended . IN the wofull warres with the Barons , when king Iohn was viewing of the Castle of Rochester held against him by the Earle of Arundel , he was espied by a very good Arcubalister , who tolde the Earle thereof , and saide , that hee would soone dispatch the cruell tyrant , if he would but say the word ; God forbid , vile varlet ( quoth the Earle ) that we should procure the death of the holy one of God. What ( saide the souldier ) he would not spare you if hee had you at the like advantage . No matter for that ( quoth the Earle ) Gods good wil be done , and be wil dispose , and not the King. [ Math : Paris . When one about him shewed him where a noble man , that had rebelliously borne armes against him , lay verie honourably intoombed , and advised the king to deface the monument , he said ; No , no , but I would al the rest of mine enemies were as honourably buried . [ Idem . When diverse Greekes came hither , and offered to proove that there were cettaine ●rrours in the Church of England at that time , hee reiected them , saying , I will not suffer our faith established to be called in question with doubtful disputations . [ Fragm : antiquum aeditum à P. Pithaeo . Yet when the saide king Iohn sawe a fatie Bucke haunched , he saide to the standers by , See how faire and fatte this Bu●ke is , and yet hee never heard Masse all his life long . But this may be forged to his disgrace by the envious . [ Math. Paris . IN a solemne conference betweene king Henry the third of England , and Saint Lewes king of France , the onely devout kings of that age , when the French king saide , He had rather heare Sermons , than heare Masses . Our king replied , which some will smile at now , but according to the learning of that time , That he had rather see his loving friend ( meaning the reall presence in the Sacrament ) than to heare never so much good of him , by others in sermons . This I note , because it was then thought facetious , which I doubt not but some wil now condemne as superstitious [ G●●l : Rishanger . Pecham that Opticall Archbishop of Canterbury , who writte Perspectiva Communis , when Pope Gregorie the tenth , who had created him Archbishop , commaunded him to pay foure thousand markes within foure moneths , vnder paine of excommunication , hee that came vnto the See then deepely indebted , saide ; Beholde , you have created me , and as a creature doth desire to be perfected by his creator , so I doe in my oppressions flie vnto your Holmesse to be recreated . Archiep. Cantuar. Sewall Archbishop of Yorke much agrieved with some practises of the Popes collectors in England , tooke all patiently , and saide ; I will not with Cha● discover the nakednes of my father , but cover and conceale it with Sem. As Constantine the Great saide , that hee would cover the faults of Bishops and Fathers of the Church with his Imperiall robe . [ Mat. Paris . Pope Innocentius the fourth when he offered the kingdome of Sicil and Naples to Richard Earle of Cornewall with many impossible conditions , You might as well ( say de the Earles Agent at Rome ) say to my Lord and Maister , I sell or give you the Moone , climbe vp , catch is , and take it . [ Anonymus qui incipit . Rex Pictorum . Alexander successor to Innocentius sent vnto the saide Earle Richard to borrow a great masse of money ; but the Earle answered , I wil not lend to my superior , uppon whome I cannot distraine for the debts . This Richard is reported by the saide Author , to have had so great treasure , that hee was able to dispend for tenne yeeres an hundred markes a day , which according to the Standard of that time was no small summe . [ Idem . In the raigne of king Henry a Bishop of London sto●●ly withstoode the Popes Nunci● , that would have levied exactions of the Cleargie : Whereupon the N●●ci● complained vnto the king , who shortly menaced the Bishop , and tolde him he would cause the Pope to plucke his peacockes toile : but the Bishop boldely answered the King , that the Pope and he being too strong for him , might bereave him of his bishoprick , by might , but never by , right ; and that although they tooke away his Mitre , yet they would leave him his Helmet . [ Lib. Cantuar. Wicked rather than wittie is that of a Deane high treasurer of England , that had demeaned himselfe so well in his office , that when he died he made this wicked will ; I bequeathe all my goodes and possessions vnto my liege Lords the King , my body to the earth , and my soule to the divell . [ Idem . VVHen Edward the first heard of the death of his onely sonne , hee tooke it grievously as a father , but patiently as a wise man. But when hee vnderstoode shortely after of the departure of his father king Henry the third , he was wholy deiected and comfortlesses whereat when Charles king of Sicile , with whome he then soiourned in his returne from the holy land , greatly marvelled , He satisfied him with this , God may send more sonnes , but the death of a father is irrecoverable . [ Wa●singham . This is that king Edward the first , who as in lineaments of body he surpassed all his people , being like Saul , higher than any of them ; so in prudence conioyned with valour and industry , he excelled all our Princes , giving ther by sure ankerholde to the governement of this realme , waving vp and downe before most vncertainely . Which hee effected not so much by establishing good lawes , as by giving life vnto his lawes , by due execution . And as my Author saith , Iudices potissimùm iudicans quos constituit indices aliorum . Who addeth also this of him ; Nem● in consilijs illo argutior , in eloqu●● torrenti●r , in periculis socurior , in prosperis ●●uti●r , in adversis constanti●r . [ Commendatie lamentabilis in transi●n Regis Edw : pri●● . Whereas the kings of England , before his time , vsed to weare their Crowne vpon all solemne feast dayes , he first omitted that custome , saying merrily , That Crownes doe rather ●nerate , than honour Princes . [ Idem tractatus . When a simple religious man seeing him meanely attired , wondering thereat , asked him , why hee beeing so potent a Prince ware so simple a sute , he answered , Father , Father , you know how God regardeth garments , What can I doe more in royall robes , than in this my gabbardine ? [ Idem . When the Cleargie pretending a discharge by a 〈◊〉 lately made at the Councell held at Lyons in Fra●●● , would contribute nothing to the temporall necessities of King Edward , hee saide vnto them in parliament , Seeing you doe refuse to helpe me , I will also refuse to help you , &c. If you deny to pay tribute to me as vnto your Prince , I will refuse to protect you as my subiects ; and therefore if you be spoyled , robbed , mai●●ed , and nurthered , seeke for no succourner defence of me , or mine . The Pope sent an Iniunction vnto the same Edward , the which was delivered vnto him in one of his iornies against the fautors of Iohn Balleal king of Scotland , the tenour of it was , that he should surcease to disquiet the Scottes , which were an exempt nation , and properly appertaining to the Roman Chappell , wherefore the citty of Ierusalem could not but defend her Cittizens , and helpe them that did trust in the Lord , like mount Si●● . Hee hadde no sooner read it , but rapping out an othe , saide ; I will not holde my peace for Syon nor Ierusalems rest , as long as there is breath in my bodie , but wil prosecute my iust right knowne vnto all the world , and defend is to the death . [ Tho : Walsing ham . When Iohn Earle of Ath●ll nobly descended , who had with other murthered Iohn Co●●in , was apprehended by king Edward the first , and some intreated for him , The king answered , The higher his calling is , the greater must his fall be ; and as he is of higher parentage , so he shal be the higher hanged : which accordingly was performed , for he was hanged on a gallowes fiftie foote high . [ Florilegus . Whenas in siege of the Castle of Strivelin in Scotland , king Edward the first , by his over-forwardnesse was often endaungered , some advised him to have more regarde to his person , hee aunswered them with that of David in the Psalme , A thousand shall fall as my fide , and tenne thousand at my right hand , but it shall not come neere me . [ Florilegus . When the learned Lawyers of the realme were consulted in a cause by him , and after long consultation did not satisfie him , hee saide , ( as kings impatient of delayes may be bolde with their Lawyers , ) My Lawyers are long advising , and never advised . [ Florilegus . As for other speeches of his I wittingly and willingly overpasse . Eleanor wife to king Edward the first , a most vertuous and wise woman , when hee tooke his long and dangerous voyage into the holy land , would not be disswaded to tarrie at home , but woulde needes accompany him , saying ; Nothing must part them whome God hath ioyned , and the way to heaven is as neare in the holy land , ( if not nearer ) as in England , or Spaine . This worthy Queene maketh mee remember Eubulus a scoffing Comicall Greeke Poet , which curseth himselfe if ever hee opened his mouth against women , inferring albeit Medea were wicked , yet Penelope was peerelesse : if Clytemnestra were naught , yet Alcestes was passing good : if Ph●dra were damnable , yet there was an other laudable . But heere saith he I am at a stand , of good women I finde not one more , but of the wicked I remember thousandes . Beshrew this scoffer , yee good wives all , and let his curse fall vpon him , for of your kinde may many a million bee found , yea of your owne country , and that I may reserve other to a fitter place , I will shew vnto you a rare example in this Queene of England , a most loving and kinde wife , out of Rodericus Sanctius not mentioned by our Historians . When king Edward the first was in the holy land , hee was stabbed with a poysoned dagger , by a Sarazen , and through the rancor of the poyson , the wound was iudged incurable by his Physitions . This good Queene Eleanor his wife , who had accompanied him in that iourney , endangering her owne life , in loving affection saved his life , and eternized her owne honour . For she daily and nightly sucked out the ranke poyson , which love made sweete to her , and thereby effected that which no Arte durst attempt ; to his safety , her ioy , and the comfort of all England ; So that well woorthy was shee to be remembred by those Grosses as monuments , which in steade of Statues were erected by her husband to hir honour at Lincolne , Gr●●tham , Stanford , Goddington , Northampton , St●●y Straford , Dunstaple , Saint Albanes , Waltham , and Westminster called Charing crosse , all adorned with her Armes of Castile , Leon , and Pontive Robert Winchelsey the Archbishop of Canterbury was banished by king Edward the first , but afterward restored againe by him , and all the rents that had beene sequestred during his absence , repayed him : whereby he became the richest Archbishop that had been in that feate before him : Wherefore often recording his troubles hee woulde say ; Adversitie never burteth , where no uniquity over-rule●● . [ Liber Cantuar. William de March Lord Treasourer vnto king Edward the first , caused all the treasure throughout all the land , that was layed vppe in the Monasteries and Churches , to be at one iustant violently taken away by military men , saying , It is better that money should be mooving , and according to the name be currant , and goe abroad to the vse of the people , than resting in chests without fruits and occupation : concurring in this last poynt with a Maxime of the Vsurers hall . Of king Edward the second I finde nothing memorable , but that which griefe and great indignitie wreasted from him , when Corney and his rascall rabblements after his deposition , would needes shave him on the way , lest he should be knowne and rescewed . They enforced him to sit downe vpon a mole hil , and the knave Barber insulting , told him that cold water taken out of the next ditch should serve for his trimming at that time . Hee answered , Whether you will or no , there shall be warme water : and therewithall hee shedding teares plentifully , verified his words . [ Thom : de la More . After the battell of Poitiers 〈◊〉 Lorde Audley was brought to the Blacke Prince in a Litter most grievously wounded , for hee had carried himselfe most valiantly that day . To whome the Prince with due commendations , gave for his good service foure hundred markes of yeerely revenews . The which hee returning to his tent , gave as franckely to his foure Esquiers , that attended him in the battell : whereof when the Prince was advertised , doubting that his gift was contemned as too little for so great good service : the Lord Audley satisfied him with this answer ; I must doe for them who deserved best of me . These my Esquiers saved my life amiddest the ennemies . And God bee thanked , I have sufficient revenews left by my A●ncestours to maintaine me in your service . Whereupon the Prince praising his prudence and liberalitie , confirmed his gift made to his Esquiers , and assigned him moreover sixe hundred markes of like land in England . [ ●rossard . William Wickham after Bishoppe of Winchester came into the service , and also into the great favour of King Edward the third , by beeing overseer of his great woorke at Windesor , wheras before he served as a poore parish priest . Wherfore he caused to be written in one of his windows , This worke made Wickham . Which being tolde vnto the King , hee was offended with Wickham , as though hee had gone about to robbe him of the glorie of that magnificent worke . But when Wickham tolde him that his meaning was , that that worke had beene his making , and advauncement , the King rested content and satisfied , [ Vita Wiccami . When the saide William Wickham ( as it is commonlie saide ) sued vnto Edward the third for the Bishoppricke of Winchester , the King tolde him that hee was vnmeete for it , because he was vnlearned , but hee saide , In recompence thereof I will make many learned men . The which hee performed indeed . For he founded New Colledge in Oxford and another in Winchester , which houses have affoorded verie many learned men , both to the Church and to the Common-wealth . When Henry of Lancaster surnamed the Good Earle of Darby had taken 1341. Bigerac in Gascoigne , hee gave and graunted to every souldier , the house which every one should first seaze vpon , with all therein . A certaine souldier of his br●ke into a Mint-maisters house , where hee found so great a masse of money , that hee amazed therewith , as a prey greater than his desert or desire , signified the same vnto the Earle , who with a liberall minde aunswered , It is not for my state to play boyes play , to give and take ; Take thou the money , if it were thrice as much . [ Walsingham . ] When newes was b●ought vnto king Richard the second , that his vnkles of Yorke and Gloucester , the Earles of Arundell , Warwicke , Darby , and Nottingham , with other of that faction , who sought to reforme the misorders of the King , or rather , of his wicked Counsellors , were assembled in a woodde neere vnto the Court ; after hee had asked other mens opinions , what was to be done in so weightie and doubtfull a case . At length hee mernly demaunded of one sir Hugh a Linne , who had beene a good militarie man in his dayes , but was then somewhat distraught of his wittes , what he would advise him to doe : Issue out ( quoth sir Hugh ) and let vs set vppon them , and stay them every mothers sonne ; and by Gods eyes , when thou hast so done , thou hast killed all the faithfull friendes that thou hast in England . [ Anonymus . ] KIng Henry the fourth , a wise Prince , who full well knew the humour of the English , in his admonition to his sonne , at his death , saide ; Of Englishmen , so long as they have wealth and riches , so long s●alt thou have obeysance ; but when they be poore , then they be alwayes ready to make insurrections at every motion . [ Hall. King Henry the fourth , during his sickenes , caused his Crowne to be set on his pillow , at his beds head , and sodain●ly his pangue so sore troubled him , that hee lay as though his vitall spirites had beene from him departed : Such chamberlaines as had the care and charge of his bodie thinking him to be dead , covered his face with a linnen cloth . The Prince his sonne being thereof advertised , entred into the chamber , and tooke away the Crowne , and departed . The father being sodainely revived out of his traunce , quickely perceived that his Crowne was taken away : and vnderstanding that the Prince his sonne had it , caused him to repaire to his presence , requiring of him for what cause he had so mis-used himselfe . The Prince with a good audacitie answered : Sir , to mine and all men : iudgements you seemed dead in this world , wherefore I , as your next and apparant heire tooke that as mine owne , not as yours . Well faire sonne , ( saide the King with a great sigh ) what right I had to it , and how I enioyed it , God knoweth , Well ( quoth the Prince ) if you die King , I will have the garland , and trust to keepe it with the Sworde against all mine enemies , as you have done . [ Hall. KIng Henry the fift , when he prepared warres against Fraunce , the Dolphin of Fraunce sent him a present of Paris Balles , in derision : but hee returned for answere , That he would shortly resend him London Balles , which should shake Paris Walles . [ Anonymus Angticè . When King Henry the fift had given that famous overthrowe vnto the French at Agincourt , hee fell downe vppon his knees , and commaunded his whole armie to doe the same , saying that verse in the Psalme , Non nobis Domine , non nobis , sed nomini tuo da gloriam : Not vnto vs ( O Lord ) not vs , but vnto thy name give the glorie . HEnry the sixt did take all iniuries , whereof he received plenty so patiently , that he not only did not seek to revenge them , but Gave God thankes that hee did send them to punish his sinnes in this life , that hee might escape punishment in the life to come . [ Vita Henrici Sexti . As the Emperor Fredericke the third , when he heard of the death of a great noble man of Austria , who lived ninety three yeeres most wickedly in fleshly pleasures , and yet never once afflicted with griefe or sickenes , saide ; This pro●veth that which Divines teach , that after death there is some place where wee receive rewarde or punishment ; when wee see often in this worlde , neyther the iust rewarded , nor the wicked punished . The same King Henry having in Christmasse a shew of yoong women , with their bare breasts layde out , presented before him , hee immediately departed with these wordes , Fie , fie for shame , forsooth you be too blame . [ Idem . He receiving on a time a great blowe by a wicked man , which compassed his death , hee onely sayde , Forsooth , forsooth yee doe fowly to smite a King annoynted . Not long before his death , being demaunded why hee had so long held the Crowne of England vniustly , hee replied , My father was King of England , quietly enioying the Crowne all his raigne , and his father my grandfire was also king of England , and I even a childe in cradle was proclaimed and crowned King without any interruption , and so held it fortie yeeres , wel-neere all the states doing homage vnto mee , as to my Auncestors . Therefore wi●● I say with King David , My lot is fallen in a faire ground , I have a goodly heritage , my helpe is from the Lord which saveth the vpright in heart . [ Idem . Thomas Montacute ●arle of Sarisbury , when hee besieged Orleans , and had so enforced it , that the Inhabitants were willing to articulate , and to yeelde themselves to the Duke of Burgundie , then being in his company : he highly disdaining it , saide in the English proverbe ; I wil not beate the bush , and another shal have the birdes . Which proverbiall speech so offended the Burgundian , that it wholy alienated his minde from the English , to their great losse in all the French warres following . [ Paulus Aemilius Lib. 10. Iohn Lorde Talbot first Earle of Shrewsbury of that familie , supprised vppon the sodaine by the French army at Chastilion , farre from cowardly f●are of death , and fatherly affected to his sonne the Lorde ●isle , who woulde not forsake him in that danger , advised him to f●le , saying ; My death in respect of my former exploites can not be but honourable ; and in respect of thy youth , neither can it be honourable for thee to die , nor dishonourable to f●ie . But this yong Lord in height of courage , nothing degenerating from so worthy a father , lost his life with his father in the field , and with them a base sonne , and a sonne in lawe of the sayde Earles . [ Paulus Aemilius Lib. 10. & Commentarij Pij PP . 2. Lib. 6. After this battell , when the flames of inward warre beganne to flash out in England , the martiall men of England were called home out of Fraunce , to maintaine the factions heere : at which time a French Captaine scoffingly asked an English-man when they woulde returne againe into Fraunce . He answered feelingly , and vpon a true ground : When your sinnes shal be greater and more grievous in the sight of God , than ours are now . ¶ Vntill this time , from the beginning of King Edward the first , which was about an hundred and sixtie yeeres , whosoever will with a marking eie consider the comportment of the English Nation , the concurrent of martiall men , their Councells , military discipline , designs , actions , and exploites , not onely out of our owne Writers , but also forraine Historians ; cannot but acknowledge , that they were men of especiall worth , and their prowesse both great and glorious . Why afterward it should decay , as all other professions , which even like plants have their times of beginning or in-rooting , their growing vp , their flourishing , their maturitie , and than these fading , were a disquisition for the learned . Whether it proceedeth from celestiall influence , or those Angelles which Plato makes , or the Secundei which Trith●●●ius imagined to have the regiment of the world successively , or from the degenerating of numbers into summes , which I confesse I vnderstand not , being an ignorant in abstruse learning . Onely I have read in Paterculus , that when either envie , or admiration hath given m●n an edge to ascend to the highest , and when they can ascend no higher , after a while they must naturally descend . Yet I relie vpon that of Eccclesiastes , as I vnderstand it , Cuncta fecit bona in tempore su● Deus , & mundum tradidit disputationi eorum , vt non inveniat home quod operatus est Deus ab initio vsque ad finem . But pardon mee , I cannot tell how I have beene by admiration of our Progenitours diverted from my purpose . In the yeere of our Lord 1416. when a fifteene hundred English vnder the cōduct of I : Beaufort erle of Derset were encompassed betweene the sea , and fifteen thousand French. The Erle of Arminac generall of the French , sent to the Earle , advising him to yeelde himselfe , but hee answered , It is not the manner of the English , to yeelde without blowes , neither am I so heartlesse that I will deliver my selfe into their handes , whom God ●ay deliver into mine . And accordingly God gave him the honour of the day , to the great confusion of the enemy . [ Walsingham in Ypodigmate . VVHen Elizabeth the widow of sir Iohn Gray was a suter vnto King Edward the fourth ( against whome her husband lost his life ) for her ioynture : the kinde King became also a suter to her vnto her for a nights lodging : But she wisely answered him , when hee became importunate , That as she did account her selfe too base to be his wife , so shee did thinke her selfe too good to be his 〈◊〉 . When love grew so hote in this K. Edward the fourth , that hee would needes marry the saide Elizabeth , widow of sir Iohn Grey , to the great discontent of his Counsell , but especially of his mother , who alleaging many reasons to the contrary , saide , That onely widowhood might be sufficient to restraine him , for that it was high disparagement to a King , to be dishonoured with bigamy in his first marriage . The King merrily aunswered ; In that shee is a widdow , and hath already children ; by Gods blessed Lady I am a batcheller , and have some too : and so each of vs hath a proofe , that neither of vs are like to be barren . And therefore Madam , I pray you be content , I trust in God she shal bring you forth a yong Prince ; that shall please you . And as for the bigamy , let the Bishop hardly lay it in my way when I come to take Orders : for I vnderstand it is forbidden to a Priest , but I never wist it yet that it was forbidden to a Prince . His note love neverthelesse was partable among three other of his Mistresses , of whome hee was woont to say , The one was the fairest , the other the merriest , and the third the holiest , for she had wholy devoted her selfe to his bedde and her beades . When Lewes the eleaventh French King entertained diverse Councellors of king Edward the fourth with large pensions to steede him in England , hee sent Peter Cleret one of the maisters of his housholde vnto the Lorde Hastings the Kings Chamberlaine , to present him with twoo thousand crownes . Which when he had received , Petre Cleret did pray him , that for his discharge he would make him an acquittance ; The Lorde Chamberlaine made a great difficultie thereat . Then Cleret dooth request him againe that hee would give vnto him onely a letter of three lines for his discharge to the King , signifying that hee had received them . The Lord Chamberlaine answered ; Sir , that which you say is very reasonable ; but the gift comes from the goodwill of the King your Maister , and not at my request at all : If it please you that I shall have it , you shall put it within the pocket of my sleeve , and you shall have no other acquittance of me . For I will never it shal be saide for mee , that the Lorde Chamberlaine of the King of England had beene Pentioner to the King of Fraunce : Nor that my acquittances shal be found in the Chamber of accompts in Fraunce . The afores●id Cleret went away male-content , but left his money with him , and came to tell his message to his King , who was very angry with him . But thenceforth the Lord Chamberlaine of England was more esteemed with the French , and alwayes payde without acquittance . [ Philippe de Commines . KIng Richard the third , whose monstrous birth foreshewed his monstrous proceedings , for he was born with all his teeth , and haire to his shoulders , albeit hee lived wickedly , yet made good Lawes , and when diverse shires of England offered him a benevolence , hee refused it , saying , I know not in what sence ; I haa rather have your hearts , than your money . [ Ioannes Rossus Warwiceusis . ] Iohn Morton then Bishoppe of Elie , but afterward of Canterbury , being solicited by the Duke of Buckingham then alienated from Richard the third , to speake his minde frankely vnto him , in matters of State : the Bishoppe aunswered him ; In good faith my Lord I love not much to talke with Princes , as a thing not all out of perill , although the words be without fault . Forasmuch as it shall not be taken as the partie meant it , but as it pleaseth the Prince to construe it . And ever I thinke on Aesopes tale , that when the Lien had proclaimed , that on paine of death , there should no horned beast abide in that wood , one that had in his forehead a bounch of flesh , fledde away a great pase . The Foxe that sawe him ruune so fast , asked him whither he made all that haste : hee answered ; In faith I neither wote nor recke , so I were once hence , because of this proclamation made of horned beasts . What fo●le ( quoth the Foxe ) thou mayest well enough abide , the Lion meant not by thee , for it is no horne that is vppon thy head : No Mary ( quoth hee ) that wote I well enough , but what and hee call it an horne , where am I then ? [ Tho : Moore . Sir Thomas Rokesby being controlde for suffering himselfe to be served in treene Cuppes , answered ; These homelie cuppes and dishes pay truly for that they containe : I had rather drinke out of treene , and pay golde and silver , than drinke out of golde and silver , and make woodden payment . VVHen Richard the third was slain at Bosworth , and with him Iohn Howard Duke of Norffolke , King Henry the seaventh demaunded of Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey the Dukes sonne and heire then taken prisoner , how he d●rst beare Armes in the behalfe of that tyranne Richard. He answered ; He was my crowned King , and if the Parliamentary authority of England sette the Crowne vppon a stocke , I will fight for that stocke . And as I fought then for him , I wi● fight for you , when you are established by the said authoritie . And so hee did for his sonne King Henry the eight at Flodden field . Anonymus . When Margaret the widdow of Charles the Hardie Duke of Bargundie , and sister to king Edward the fourth , envying much the happy estate and raigne of Henry the seaventh descended of the adverse family of Lancaster , had at sundry times suborned two rascalles to counterfeit the persons of her two brothers sonnes , thereby to withdrawe the hearts of his subiects , and raise vproares in his realme , the king sent over vnto Philippe the Duke of Burgundie doctour Warrham afterward Archbishop of Canterbury , to informe him of her treachery . This Doctour in the latter ●●d of his Oration thus nipped the seditious Dutchesse That within few yeeres after shee was past threescore yeeres of age , she had brought foorth two monsters , Lambert and Peter , and not in the nine and tenth moneths , as women naturally doe , but in the hundred and fourescore moneth , ( for they were both about fifteene yeeres of age when shee brought them abroade , as it were , out of her belly : ) neither were they Crisomers , but such childe-choppers , that as soone as ever they were borne , they were able to wage warre with a mighty King. [ Th : More . The earle of Kildare being charged before king Henry the seaventh for burning the Metropolitane Church of Cassilles in Ireland , and many witnesses procured to avouch the trueth of the Article against him , hee sodainely confessed it to the great wondring and detestation of the Counsell . Then it was looked how he should iustifie that fact . By Iesus ( quoth hee ) I would never have done it , if it had not beene tolde me that the Archbishop had beene within it . And because the Bishop was one of the busiest accusers present , merrily laughed the king at the plainnesse of the man , to see him alledge that intent for excuse , which most of all did aggravate his fault . When among many articles the last article exhibited by the Irish against that Earle of Kildare , the last was : Finally , All Ireland cannot rule this Earle . Then ( quoth the King ) shall this Earle rule all Ireland ; and shortly after hee made him Deputie thereof . When one reprooved King Henry the seaventh for his slownesse in making warres on those that wronged him , he answered , If we Princes should take every occasion that is offered vs , the worlde should never be quiet , but wearied with continuall warres . When a Gentleman , none of the wisest , tolde King Henry the seaventh , that hee found sir Richard Gr●ftes , who was made Banneret at the battell of Stoke to be a very wise man. The King answered , Hee doubted not that , but marvelled much how a foole could knowe a wiseman . It h●ppened that there was fallen in communication the story of Ioseph , how his maister Putiphars wife a great m●n with the King of Aegipt , would have pulled him to ●e●b●d ●n● he fled away . Now Maister M●●o ( hee was the King Almoner ) quoth king Henry the seaventh , You be a tall strong man on the one side , and a cunning Doctor on the other side , what would you have done , if you had not beene Ioseph , but in Iosephs steade ? By my troth fir ( quoth he ) and it like your Grace , I cannot tell what I would have done , but I can tell you what I should have done . [ Tho : Moore . The Lady Margaret Countesse of Richmond mother to king Henry the seaventh , a most worthy Patronesse of good Letters , would often say , On the condition that Princes of Christendome would combine themselves , and march against the common enemy the Turke , shee would most wil●ingly attend them , and be their Laundresse in the campe . There was a poore blind man in Warwick-shire , that was accounted verie cunning in prognosticating of weather : vpon a day , Empson a great lawier , as hee road that way , sayd in scorne of his cunning . I pray you tell me father when doth the Sunne change ? The chafed old man that knew his corrupt conscience , answered : when such a wicked Lawier as you goeth to heauen . Doctor Collet the Deane of Paules said , that if the Clergie were naught , the Laitie were worse , for it could not otherwise be , but the laye men must ever be one degree vnder the Clergie : for surely it can be no 〈◊〉 that our Sauiour sayth himselfe , who sayth of the Cleargie , that they be the salt of the earth , and if the salt once appall , the world must needes waxe vnsauerie : and he sayeth that the Clergie bee the light of the world ; and then sayeth he , if the light bee darkened , how darke will then the darkenesse be ? that is to wit , all the world beside , whereof he calleth the Clergie onely the light . Cardinall Wolsey , his teeth watering at the rich Bishopricke of Winchester , sent one vnto Bishop Foxe ( who had advaunced him vnto the kings service ) for to move him to resigne the Bishopricke , because extreame age had made him blind : the which message and motion Foxe did take in so ill part , that he willed the messenger to tell the Cardinall thus from him : that although olde age bereaving me of sight , I know not white from blacke , yet I can discerne truth from falshoode , and right from wrong : yea , and that now I am blind I haue esp●ed his malicious vnthankfulnesse : the which I could never before perceive when my e●e sight was at the best . And let my lord Cardinall take heede , that his ambition and covetousnesse , bring him not into a worse blindnesse then I have , and make him fall before he feare . At sir Thomas Moore his first comming to the service of King Henrie the eight the King gave him this godly lesson . First looke vnto God , and after vnto me . He would also wish , as I have heard of an ancient man of that age , that his Councellers would commit simulation , dissimulation , and part●●litie , to the Porters lodge , when they came to sit in councell . The same King Henrie the eight , finding fault with the disagreement of Preachers , would often say ; Some are too stiffe in their olde Mumpsimus , and other to busie and curious in their new Sumpsimus . Happly borrowing these phrases from that which Master Pace his Secretarie reporteth in his booke De Fructu doctrinae , of an old Priest in that age , which alwayes read in his Portasse , Mumpsimus Domine , for Sumsimus : whereof when he was admonished , he said that he now had vsed Mumplimus thirtie yeares , and would not leave his olde Mumpsimus for their new Sumpsimus . A noble man of this time , in contempt of learning sayd , that it was for noble mens sonnes enough to winde their horne , and carrie their Hauke faire , and to leave studie and learning to the children of mean men . To whom the foresaide Richard Pace replied . Then you and other noble men must be content , that your children may wind their bornes , and keepe their Haukes while the children of meane men do manage matters of estate [ R. Pacaeus De fructu doctrinae . ] Iohn Fisher Bishop of Rochester , when the King would have translated him from that poore Bishopricke to a better , he refused , saying : He would not forsake his poore little olde wife , with whom he had so long lived . Happly thinking of the fifteenth canon of the Nicone Councell , and that of the Canonistes , Matrimonium inter Episcopum , & Ecclesiam esse contractum , &c. There was a Nobleman merry conceited , aud ●iotously given , that having lately sold a Mannor of an hundred tenements , came ruffling into the Court , in a new sute , saying : Am not I a mightie man , that beare an hundred houses on my backe ? Which Cardinall Wolsey hearing , said : You might have better employed it in paying your debts . Indeede my Lord ( quoth he ) you say wel ; for my Lord my father , owde my maister your father three half pence for a Calfs head , hold , here is two pence for it . As Skelton iested at the Cardinal , that he was descended of Sanguil●er , hee was cast out of a Butchers stall , for his father was a Butcher of Ipswich . When Stephen Cardiner was advaunced vnto the Bishopricke of Winchester , and sent over as Ambassadour into Fraunce with great pomp●● hee saide vnto an old acquaintance of his that came to take his leave of him ; Nowe I am in 〈◊〉 Gloria Patri : Yea ( saide his friend ) and I hope , ●t nunc & semper . Or ( replied the Bishop ) if it please the king my maister , Sicut erat in principio . A poore Scholler of Cambridge againe . When sir Thomas , Moore was Speaker of the Parliament , with his wis●dome and eloquence , hee so crossed a purpose of Cardinall Wolsey that the Cardinall in a chafe sent for him 〈◊〉 White-Hall ; where when he had daunced attendaunce long , at length the Cardinall comming out , saide in the presence of many ; Maister Moore , I woulde you had beene at Rome , when you were made Speaker of the Parliament house . Hee immediately replied : And if it pleased your Grace , so would I , for then I should have seene a famous Cittie , whereof I have heard much , but never sawe . [ Vita Tho : Mori impressa . The same cardinal at a ful Counsel table , when sir Th● Moore was first made privie Counseller , moved that there might be a Lievteuant generall of the Realme chosen for certaine considerations ; and the body of the Counsell inclined thereunto . Sir Thomas Moore opposed himselfe . Whereuppon the Cardinall in a chafe saide ; Are not you ashamed who are the meanest man heere , to dissent from so many honourable and wise personages : you proove your selfe a plaine foole . Whereunto maister Moore foorthwith aunswered ; Thankes be to God that the Kings maiestie hath but one foole in his right honourable Counsell . [ Idem . When hee was Lorde Chauncellour , hee inioyned a Gentleman to pay a good round summe of money vnto a poore widdowe whome he had oppressed ; and the Gentleman saide : Then I doe hope your Lordeship will give mee a good long day to pay it . You shall have your request ( saide sir Thomas ) Munday next is Saint Barnabas day , the longest day in all the yeere , pay her mee then , or else you shall kisse the Fleete . When hee had no lust to growe greatly vpward in the worlde , neyther would labour for office of authoritie , and over that , forsake a right worshipfull roome when it was offered him , his wife fell in hand with him , and asked him ; What will you do that you list not to put foorth your selfe as others doe ? Will you sit still by the fire , and make goselings in the ashes with a sticke , as children doe ? Woulde God I were a man , and looke what I would doe . What ? By God goe forward with the best ; for as my mother was wont to say , It is ever more better to rule than to be ruled , and therefore I warrant you , I would not be so foolish to be ruled , where I might rule . By my trueth wife ( quoth he ) I dare say you say trueth , for I never found you willing to be ruled yet . He vsed , when hee was Lord Chauncellor , vpon every Sonday , when he was at home , to sitte in the Quire in his surplice and sing the Service : and being one day espied in that attire by the Duke of Norffolke . The Duke beganne to chafe , crying , Fie , fie , my Lorde , the Lord Chauncellour of England a parish priest , and a paltrie singing man , you dishonour the King , you dishonour the King. No my Lord ( quoth sir Thomas ) it is no shame for the King , if his servant serve his Soveraigne and Saviour , who is King of kings . During the time of his Chancellourship of England , he vsed to send his Gentleman-Vsher to his wifes pew , after divine service was done , to tell her that he was gone : but the next Sonday after hee gave vp his Chancellourship of England , he came himselfe to her pew , and vsed the vsuall words of his Gentleman-Vsher , Madame , my Lorde is gone . His latter wife was a widdow , of whom Erasmus writeth , that hee was wont to say , that shee was , nec bella , nec puella : who as shee was a good huswife , so was shee not voyde of the fault that often followeth that vertue , somewhat shrewd to her servants : Vppon a time sir Thomas found fault with her continuall ch●ding , saying ; if that nothing else would reclame her , yet the consideration of the time ( for it was Lent ) should restraine her . Tush , tush , my Lord ( saide shee ) looke , heere is one steppe to heaven-ward , shewing him a Friers girdle . I feare mee ( quoth sir Thomas Moore ) this one steppe will not bring you vppe a steppe higher . One day when shee came from shrift , shee saide merrily vnto him , Be merry sir Thomas , for this day was I well shriven , I thanke God , and purpose now therefore to leave off all my olde shrewdnesse ; Yea ( quoth hee ) and to beginne afresh . When he was sent prisoner vnto the Tower , and the Lievtenant , his olde friend , received him with a heavy cheere , hee sayde ; Is this the entertainement and good countenance you give your guests when they come to you ? Why looke man , heere are twenty angell nobles ( shewing him his purse ) and when this is spent , turne me out at doores , as a bare gamester , and not able to pay for that he takes . Hitherto may bee referred his silent answere , when at his entring into the Tower , one of the Officers claimed for a fee , his vpper garment , ( meaning his gowne or his cloke ) he offred him his cappe . Being asked after his condemnation , and before his execution , whether hee had changed his minde , hee saide : Yea , for I thought to have beene shaven , but now seeing I shall die so shortly , I will let my beard growe . His daughter Roper one day as shee repaired vnto him into the Tower , counselled him to recover the Kings favour , and his owne former libertie , by doing I know not what , the which shee saide one of the greatest States of this Realme , and a man learned too , and his tender friend , saide he might doe , without scruple of conscience , as most of the Nobilitie of the Realme hadde doone , not once sticking thereat , save onely himselfe , and one other man. This speach of her hee aunswered with a pleasaunt tale . At a Bartholomew faire at London , there was an Escheater of the same city , that had arrested a Clothier that was outlawed , and had seized his goodes , which he had brought into the faire , tolling him out of the faire by a traine . The man that was arrested was a Northerne man , which by his friendes made the Escheator to be arrested within the faire , vppon an Action I not neere what , and called a Court of Pipowders . Now ●ad the Clothier , by friendship of the Officers , found the meanes to have all the Quest almost made of the Northerne men , such as had their Boothes standing in the faire , who were no sooner departed from the barre , and come into the house , but the Northerne men were agreed , and in effect all the other , to cast our London Escheater . They thought they needed no were to proove that hee did wrong , than even the name of his bare office alone . But then was there amongest them , as the Divell woulde , an honest man of another quarter called Company . And the fellow seemed but a seely soule , and sate still , and sayde nothing ; they made noreckoning of him , but saide . We be agreed now , come , let vs goe and give vp our verdict . Then when the poore fellow sawe that they made such hasle , and his minde nothing gave him that way that theirs did ( if that their ●●ndes gave them that way they saide , ) hee prayed them to tarry and talke vpon the matter , and tell such reason therein , that ●ee might thinke as they did , and when they should so doe , be would be glad to say with them ; or else hee saide they must pardon him : For sith ●ee had a soule of his owne to keepe , as they had , be must say as he thought for his soule , as they must for theirs . When they heard this they were halfe angry with him , What good fellow , ( quoth one of the Northerne men ) whare wannes thou ? Be not we eleaven heere , and thou but one all alone , and al we agreed , whereto shouldst thou sticke ? Whates thy name gud fellow ? Maisters ( quoth he ) my name is called Company . Company ( quoth they ) now by my troth good felow , play then the gud companion , come thereon foorth with vs , and passe even for gude company . Would God good maisters ( quoth the man againe ) that there lay no more weight thereon . But now , when we shall hence , and come before God , and that hee shall send you vnto heaven for doing according vnto your conscience , and me to the divell , for doing against mine , al passing at your request heere for good company now , By God Maister Dickenson ( that was one of the Northerne mens names , ) If I then shall say vnto you al againe ; Maisters , I went once with you for good company , which is the cause that I goe now to hell , play you the good felowes now againe with mee , as I went then for good company with you , so some of you go now for good company with me : would you goe maister Dickenson ? Nay , nay , by our Lady , nor never a one of you all . And therefore must you pardon me for passing as you passe ; for the passage of my poore soule passeth all good company . In the like sence he vsed often to say , That he would never pinne his soule at another mans backe , not even the best man that he knew that day living ; for he knew not whither he might hap to carry it . When one came to him , to signifie that hee must prepare himselfe to die , for hee coulde not live , he called for his vrinall , wherein when hee had made water , hee cast it , and viewed it ( as Physitions vse ) at last hee saide soberly , That hee saw nothing in that water , but that he might live , if it pleased the King. When he was in prison , and his bookes and papers taken from him , he did shutte his chamber windowes both day and night , saying ; When the wares are gone , and the tooles taken away , we must shut vp shop . When he went to death , a certaine woman offered him a cuppe of wine , which he refusing , saide ; Good woman , Christ in his passion drunke gall , and no wine . When he was to mount the scaffold hee saide to one of the Shiriffes men , I pray thee helpe mee vp , as for comming downe I take no care . When the hangman ( according to his manner ) desired him to pardon him his death , hee answered , I doe forgive thee with al my heart : but one thing I wil tel thee , thou w●●t never have honestie in cutting off my head , my necke is so short . NOw we have done with sir Thomas Moore his owne Apothegmes which have come to my handes , I will transcribe out of his workes , a few Tales , or call them what you please . A poore man found a priest over familiar with his wife , and because he spake it abroad , and could not prove it , the priest sued him before the Bishops Officiall for defamation , where the poore man in paine of cursing was commaunded , that in his parish Church hee should vppon the Sonday , at high Masse , stand vp , and say , Mouth thou liest : Whereuppon for fulfilling of his penaunce , vp was the poore soule set in a pew , that the people might wonder at him , and heare what hee sayde : and there all aloude ( when hee had rehearsed what hee had reported by the priest ) then hee sette his handes on his mouth , and sayde ; Mouth thou liest : And by and by thereupon , he sette his handes vpon both his eyes , and sayde ; But eyne ( quoth hee ) by the Masse yee lie not a whit . When sir Thomas Moore had told one whom hee tearmeth in his Dialogue the Messenger , how he might yeerly have seene a myracle done at the Rhodes , if he would have gone thither . So farre , quoth the Messenge ? nay , yet I had rather have Gods blessing to beleeve that I see not , then to go so farre for it . I am well apaid ( said sir Thomas ) thereof , for if you had rather beleeve , then take the paine of a long pilgrimage , you will never be so stiffe in any opinion , that you will put your selfe in ieopardie for pertinacy , and stubborne standing by your part . Nay Marie said the Messenger , I warrant you that I will never be so madde , to hold , till it waxe too hot , for I have such a fond fantasie of mine owne , that I had rather shiver and shake for colde in the Summer , then be burned in the mids of Winter . It happened that a yong Priest verie devoutly in a Procession , bare a Candle before the Crosse for lying with a Wench , and bare it light all the long way , wherein the people tooke such spirituall pleasure and inward solace , that they laughed apace . And one merrie Marchant sayd vnto the Priests that followed him , Sic luceat lux vestra coram hominibus , Thus let your light shine before the people . But a lewde Priest in later time , being reproved of his loose life , and told that he and other of the Clergie ought to bee the Lanthornes of light , How can we ( saide the shamelesse Priest ) be Lanthornes of light , when as ye Lay men have all the hornes . When a lustie gallant saw a Frier going barefoote in a great frost and snowe , hee asked him why hee did take such paine . Hee aunswered , that it was a verie little paine if a man would remember hell : Yea Frier ( quoth the Gallant ) but what and if there be no Hell ? Then arte thou a great foole : Yea Maister ( quoth the Frier ) but what if there be hell , then is mastership much more foole . A Frier as he was preaching in the Countrey , espied a poore wife of the parish , whispering with her Pew-felow , and he falling angrie thereat , cried out vnto her aloude , Holde thy babble I bid thee , thou wife in the red hoode , which when the huswife heard , she waxed as angrie , and sodainly she started vp , and cried vnto the Frier againe that all the Church rang thereon ; Mary sir , I beshrew his heart , that babbleth most of vs both , for I do but whisper a word with my neighbour here , and thou hast babled there a good large houre . King Ladislaus vsed much this maner among his servants , when one of them praised any deed of his , or any condition in him , if he perceyved that they sayde nothing but the truth , he would let it passe by vncontrolled : But when he saw that they did set a glose vpon it for his praise , of their owne making beside ; then would he shortly say vnto them , I pray thee good fellow , when thou faist grace , never bring in Gloria patri , without a Sicut erat . Any act that ever I did , if thou report it againe to mine honour , with a Gloria patri , never report it but with a Suut trat . That is to wit , euen as it was , and no otherwise , and lift not me vp with lies , for I loue it not . Frier Donalde preached at Paules Crosse , that our Ladie was a virgin , and yet at her pilgrimages , there was made many a foule meeting . And loude cried out , Ye men of London , gang on your selues with your wiues to Wilsdon , in the Divils name , or else keepe them at home with you with a sorrow . Sir Iohn Moore was wont to compare the choosing of a wife vnto a casuall taking out at all a verie ventures of Eles out of a bagge , wherein were twentie Snakes for an Ele. Sir Iohn Fineux , sometime chiefe Iustice of the Kings bench , was often heard to say : Who so taketh from a Iustice the order of his discretion , taketh surely from him more than halfe his office . Wise was that saying of Doctor Medealfe : You yong men do thinke vs olde men to be fooles , but we olde men do know that you yong men are fooles . Katherine wife to Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolke : when her husband at a feast , willed everie Ladie to take to sit by hir , him that shee loued best , prouided hee were not her husband , she tooke Stephen Cardiner , Bishop of Winchester , saying : Seeing she might not have him whom she loved best , she would take him whom she loved worst . KIng Edward the sixt when three swordes were delivered at his coronation vnto him , as king of England , Fraunce , and Ireland , sayd , There was yet another sworde to be delivered vnto him . Whereat when the Lords marvelled , he sayd : I meane ( sayd he ) the sacred Bible , which is the sworde of the spirit , without which we are nothing , neither can do any thing . [ Balaeus in Centurijs . ] When sit Ralfe Fane was condemned to die by the practise of the Duke of Northumberland , he said no more , protesting his innocencie , but , My blood shall be the Dukes bolster , as long as he liveth : Meaning , as I thinke , that his conscience affrighted with shedding innocent blood , shoulde enioy little quiet , but passe restlesse nights . Relatio Gallica . Thirlby Bishop of Elie , when he was Ambassador at Rome , one of hir men negligently laying downe his liuery cloake , in his lodging lost it : wherewith the Bishop being angrie rated the fellow roughly , who told him that hee suspected nothing in so holy a place as Rome was , but did take them all for true men . What knaue ( qvoth the Bishop ) when thou commest into a strange place , thinke all men there to be theeves , yet take heede thou doe not call them theeves . When hee was prisoner in the Tower , he was searched by the Lievetenaunt , and five hundred French crownes found in his purse , and in his doublet about him : whereat when the Lievetenant wondering , asked him , what hee meant to carry so much money about him : hee answered , I love to have my friends still neere about mee , and can not tell how I should be vsed if I lacked them . In the rebellion in the Weast , during the raigne of king Edward the sixt , sir Anthony Kingston marshall of the field , hanged vp a fellow that was servant to a rebellious Miller , whome he affirmed himselfe to be , vntill hee came vnto the gallowes , and then his deniall would not be allowed . Afterward the matter being better knowne , sir Anthonie was tolde that hee had executed the man for the maister . It is well enough ( quoth sir Anthony ) hee coulde never have doone his maister better service , than have hanged for him . THese following are taken out of the life of Cardinall Poole Archbishop of Canterbury , written by a learned man , and Printed at Venice . When one asked counsell of Cardinall Poole , what methode and way was best to be taken , to vnderstand the obscure places in Saint Paules Epistles : he answered him he thought the best and shortest way was , to reade first the latter parte of those Epistles , which dooth intreate of Christian manners , and vnderstand it , and expresse it in life and good manners ; and then to go vnto the first part , where the matters of faith are subtily and exactly handled , saying ; That God wil give his spirite of vnderstanding soonest vnto those , that with al their whole hearts seeke to serve him . He was wont to say , That he and all other Bishops ought to consider that they were ordained , not onely Iudges over those of their Dioceses , but father Iudges . In communication when mention hapned to be made of a certaine Bishoppe , who was woont to blame the Bishops that lived at Rome , and neglected their charge , and yet he himselfe was resident at Rome . He ( quoth Poole ) doth like vnto those that cannot abide the smel of garlicke , for if they have to do with them that have eaten garlike , they eate some too themselves , that they may not percerve their stinking breaths . Speach was heard of a yoong man that was learned indeede , but too bolde , and ready to censure . Learning ( quoth Poole ) doth worke almost that in yong men , that wine doth in the fatte ; there it worketh , there it boileth vppe , and swelleth . But as soone as it is purged , and put in the vessel , having gathered his forces together , it is quiet and stil . When one very skilfull in Astrologie tolde him , that hee had very exactly calculated his-nativitie , and found that great matters were portended of him : Poole aunswered , Perhaps it may be as you affirme , but you must remember that I was borne againe by baptisme , and that day of nativitie wherein I was borne againe , doth eclipse the other before . When one had saide , that we must be so wholy busied in the studie of the Scriptures , that no time should be left for other studies : and another man had added , that the studies of other learnings were to bee vsed as Wayting-maides , and Bond-women , What do you not know ( quoth Poole ) that Agar was cast out of the doores , because shee was a bond-woman ? When Sadolet adhorted him vnto the studie of Philosophy , giving to it the price above all other studies : Poole answered him , While al the worlde was overwhelmed with the darkenesse of Paganisme , it did excel al other Artes : but since that thicke mist was chased away , by the bright beames of the preaching of Christ and his Apostles , and their successours ; the study of the sacred Scriptures and divinitie had gotten the pa●ne and chiefe praise , adding , that Philosophy was now as Tenedos , of whome Virgil writeth : — notissima fama Insula div●s opum Priami dum regna manebant . Nunc tantùm sinus & statio malefida carinis . A famous Isle of riches great while Priamus kingdome stoode , Now nothing but a baggage bay , and harbour nothing good . He vsed friendly to admonish a certaine Bishop , not to forsake his sheepe , but rather leaving Rome to repayre home and execute his office . This Bishop vpon a time came vnto him , and tolde him that hee was minded to goe out of the cittie , for one moneth , and to visite his sheepe , and therefore hee did desire that hee might departe with his good leave and liking : Poole answered , I shal take this comfort by your departure , that you shal bee beaten the lesse . When Letters were shewed vnto him very artificially penned , which one had sent vnto a great man , to comfort him for the death of his friendes , and to tha● intent had vsed all the places of Rhethoricke , hee read them , and then saide ; That hee never in al his life had ever read Letters , that could bring greater comfort ; for they were such , that no man that shoulde reade them , could be able to keepe himselfe from laughing . Having heard a certaine Preacher of great name , who arrogated much to himselfe , and did passingly please himselfe ; hee was asked what hee thought of the man. Poole aunswered ; Well , but I would that hee would first preach vnto himselfe , and then afterward to other . When a Nobleman of Rome tolde him , that hee did trust that he should come to his pleasaunt gardines , which hee had sumptuously made , yea thirtie yeeres after , and wonder at the beauty of them . Poole answered , I hope I have not deserved so ill of you , that you should wish me so long a banishment from my heavenly country . While he was in the Low countries , and one day would have gone vnto Charles the Emperour , but hee could not be admitted to his speach : but two dayes after the Bishop of Arras was sent vnto him by the Emperour , to excuse his long stay , and desire him to come vnto him : Poole sayde , that hee had strange happe , That whereas be spake daily vnto God for the Emperour , yet he was not admitted vnto the Emperour , to talke with him about a matter belonging to God. There was one that was very curious in keeping of his beard , and it was reported that hee bestowed every moneth two duckats vpon the trimming of it . If it be so ( said Poole ) his beard wil shortly be more woorth than his head . After the death of Paulus Tertius when many Cardinals came vnto him , and tolde him , that if hee liked of it , they would make him Pope : He desired them to looke well to it , that they were swayed by no passion of the minde , or did ought for favour , and good-will , but referre all their cogitations wh●lie vnto the honour of God , and the profite of his Church ; the which only they all ought especially to have alwayes before their eyes . When one of the Cardinalls of the adverse faction did one day charge him with ambition , and saide that hee did vntimely and over-hastily seeke the Popedome : He answered gravely That he thought not the burthen of that great office to be so light , but that he was of the minde , that it was rather to be feared , than desired . A● for them which vnderstood not , and thought more basely of so great a place , hee lamented their case , and was sory for them . When the Cardinall Farnesi , and diverse other of his fri●nds came vnto him , at midnight , to make him Pope , by adoration , he repelled them saying ; He would not have so weighty a matter tumultuously and rashly done , but v●●aily and orderly , that the night was no convenient time therefore , that God loved the light more than darkenesse , wherefore they should deferre it vntill the next day , and that then of it plea●ed God , it might very well be done . But this his pious modesty lost him the Papacie . He vsed often to say , Those which would betake them vnto the study of the holy Scriptures , ( which was as though they would goe into the inner and secret parte of the Temple ) must passe thorow a lowe and a narrow doore : For that no man can attaine to the vnderstanding of the Scriptures , that is prowde and puffed vp with the sharpenesse of his wit , or excellencie of humane learning ; but be that bringeth lowlinesse of minde , and 〈◊〉 tempt of himselfe , and yeeldes his vnderstanding ( as the Apostle saith ) captive vnto faith . Of this also did hee often admonish those that woulde study the sacred Scriptures , That they should specially beware that they never went to the reading of them with this intent and minde , that they might dispute of them to shew their learning , and by that knowledge to get them honors and riches : for both purposes , were every contrary to this kind of studie . Wherevnto ought to be adhibited , first fervent prayers ▪ then a lowely mind , and finally an heart voyde of all ambition and greedy desire . Thus farre of this good Cardinall . Wil●iam Marq●es of Winchester , being asked how hee continued of the counsel on the troblesome times of divers Princes , aunswered . By being a Willow , and not an Oake . Hee woulde also often say , that he found great ease in this : That I never sought to rule the r●ste , and to be the director of others , but alwayes suffred my selfe to be swayed with the most and mightiest . As another Courtier of former times saide he had borne off many court-stormes indangerous times . By suffering iniuries and giving thankes for them . A lusty gallant that had wasted much of his patrimony , seeing master Dutton a gentleman in a gowne , not of the newest out , tolde him that hee had thought it had beene his great grandfathers gowne , It is so ( saide maister Dutton ) and I have also my great grandfathers lands , and so have not you . A reverend man my first teacher would often say in the middest of his mirth , Sorrowe is good for nothing save sinne onely . NOw we draw to an end , have a few savings of merie M. ●●elwood the great Epigrammatist . When Qu : Mary tolde this Heiwood , that the Priests must forgoe their wives . Hee merrily aunswered , Your Grace must allow them Lemmans then , for the Cleargie can not live without sawce . He being asked of the saide Queene Mary , what winde blew him to the Court , answered her , Two specially , the one to see your Maiestie , We thanke you for that , said Queene Mary ; But I pray you , what is the other ? That your Grace ( saide he ) might see me . When one told him , that Pace being a maister of Arte had disgraced himselfe with wearing a fooles come , he answered , It is lesse hurtfull to the common-weale , when wisemen goe in fooles coates , than when fooles goe in w●●e m●ns gownes . When hee sawe one riding that bare a wanton behinde him , hee saide ; In good faith sir , I would say that your horse were overloaden , if I did not perceive this the 〈◊〉 you carry were very light . When a man of worship , whose beere was better hopped than maulted , asked him at his Table , how hee liked of his beere , and whether it were not well hopped : Yes by the faith of my body ( saide hee ) it is very well hopped : but if it ha● hoppea a li●tle further , it had hopped into the water . When one saide , that the number of Lawyers woulde marre the occupation ; hee aunswered , No , for alwayes the more spaniels in the field , the more game . This vsuall speech of sir Th : Moore , both of himselfe & other Book breeders , which is also extant in an Epistle of his , I have reserved to close vp this part . Booke-makers are ful●●se folke who p●ine and ●●ne themselves away by writing , to subiect themselves to the censure of such which in Ordinaries and in Ale-benches will 〈…〉 pull them by their wordes , phrases , and lines , as it were by the beards ; when some of them are so pill● themselves , as that they have not one haire of honestie ; or to vse his owne wordes , Ne pilum boni hominis . But these he resembleth to those vnmanerly guests , which when they have bin well and kindely entertained flinch away never giving thankes , but depraving and disprasing their curteous entertainement . CERTAINE Poemes , or Poesies , Epigrammes , Rythmes , and Epitaphs of the English Nation in former Times . POEMS . OF the dignity of Poetry much hath beene said by the worthy Sir Philipp Sidney , and by the Gentleman which proued that Poets were the first Politicians , the first Philosophers , the first Historiographers . I will onely adde out of Philo , that they were Gods owne creatures , who in his Booke de Plantatione Noe , reporteth , that when he had made the whole worlds masse ; he created Poets to celebrate and set out the Creator himselfe , and all the creatures : you Poëts read the place and you will like it . Howsoeuer it pleaseth the Italian to censure vs , yet neither doth the Sunne so farre retire his charriot from our Climate , neither are there lesse fauourable aspects betweene Mercurie , Iupiter , and the Moone , in our inclination of heauen , if Poëts are Fato , as it pleased Socrates , neither are our Poets destitute of Arte prescribed by reason , and grounded vpon experience , but they are as pregnant both in witty conceits and deuises , and also in imitation , as any of them . Yea and according to the argument excell in granditie and grauity , in smoothnesse and proprietie , in quicknesse and briefnesse . So that for skill , varietie , efficacie , and sweetnesse , the foure materiall points required in a Poët , they can both teach and delight perfectly . This would easily appeare if any lines were extant of that worthy British Lady Claudia Rufina , so commended by Martial , or of Gildas which Lilius Giraldus sawe in the libraries of Italie , or of old Chedmon who by diuine inspiration about the yeare 680. became so diuine a Poët in our English tongue , that with his sweete verses full of compunction , he withdrew many from vice to vertue , and a religious feare of God : or of our Claudius Clemens one of the first founders of the Vniuersity of Paris : and doth most clearely appeare to all that can iudge by many learned Poems published in this our learned age . But whereas these later are in euery mans hand , and the former are irrecouerable , I will onely giue you a taste of some of midle age , which was so ouercast with darke clouds , or rather thicke fogges of ignorance , that euery little sparke of liberall learning seemed wonderfull : so that if sometime you happen of an vncouth word , let the time entreate pardon for it , when as all words haue their times , and as he saith . licuit semperque licebit , Signatum praesente nota procudere nomen . We will begin with Ioseph of Excester , who followed our King Richard the first in his warres in the holy land , celebrated his acts in a booke called Antiocheidos , and turned Dares Phrigius so happily into verse , that it hath been Printed not long since in Germany , vnder the name of Cornelius Nepos . The passing of the pleasant riuer Simois by Troy , & the encounter betweene the waues of the Sea , and it , at the disemboging , or inlett therof , he liuely setteth forth thus : Proxima rura rigans alio peregrinus ab orbe Visurus Troiam Simois , longoque meatu Emeruisse velit , vt per tot regna , tot vrbes Exeat aequoreas tandem Trotanus in vndas . Dumque indefesso miratur Pergama visu Lapsurum suspendit iter , fluuiumque moratur , Tardior & totam complects destinat vrbem : Suspensis infensus aquis violentior instat Nereus , atque amnem cogens procùl ire minorem ; Proximus accedit vrbi , contendere credas Quis propior , sic alternis concurritur vndis , Sic crebras iterant voces , sic iurgia miscent . You may at one view behold mount Ida with his trees , & the country adiacent to Troy in these few lines , as in a most pleasant prospect presēted vnto you thus , by the said Ioseph . Haud procul incumbens intercurrentibus aruis Idaeus consurgit apex , vetus incola montis Silua viret , vernat abies procera , cupressus Flebilis , interpres laurus , vaga pinus , oliua Concilians , cornus venatrix , fraxinus audax , Staet comitis patiens vlmus , nunquamque senescens Cantatrix buxus : paulò procliuiùs aruum Ebria vitis habet non dedignata latere Cancricolam poscit Phoebum , vicinus aristas Praegnantes faecundat ager ▪ non plura Falernus Vina bibit , non tot pascit Campania messes . A right woman and Ladylike disdaine may be obserued in the sa●e Author , where he bringeth in Pallas , mating dame Iuno with modest disdamfulnesse before Paris , in the action of beauty , a matter of greatest importance in that sex , after this manner of reply . Magna parens superûm , nec enim nego ; magna Tonantis Nupta , nec inuideo ; meritum , Paris inclyte , nostrum Si quod erat carpsit testor freta , testor Olympum , Testor humum , non armatas in praelia linguae Credideram venisse deas ; hâc parte loquacem Erubeo sexum , minùs hîc quàm faemina possum ; Martem alium didici , victoria faeda vbi victis Plus laudis victore feret , nostrisque trophaeis Hic hand notus honos . Sed quo regina dearum Effatu tendit , Dea sit , cedo , imò Dearum Maxima , non dextrae sortiri sceptra potentis , Partiri ue Iouem certatim venimus , illa Illa habeat , quae se ostentat . In the commendation of Britaine , for breeding Martiall men , and praise of the famous King Arthur , he song in his Antiocheidos these which onely remaine out of that worke , Inclita fulsit Posteritas ducibus tantis , tot diues alumnis , Tot faecunda viris , premerent qui viribus o● bem , Et famà veteres . Hinc Constantinus adeptus Imperium , Romam tenuit , Byzantion auxit . Hinc Senenum ductor captiuà Brennius vrbe , Romuleas domuit flammis victricibus arces . Hinc & Scaeua satus pars non obscura tumultus Ciuilis , Magnum solus qui mole soluta Obsedit , meliorque stetit pro Caesare murus , Hinc celebri fato faelici floruit ortu Flos regum Arthurus , cuius tamen acta stupori Non micuere minùs , totus quòd in aure voluptas Et populo plaudente fauus . Quacunque priorum Inspice , Pellaeum commendat fama Tyrannum , Pagina Caesareos loquitur Romana triumphos , Alciden domitis attollit gloria monstris . Sed nec pinetum coryli , nec sydera solem Aequant , Annales Graios , Latiosque reuolue , Prisca parem nescit , aequalem postera nullum Exhibitura dies . Reges supereminet omnes Solus praeteritis melior , maiorque futuris . If a painter would portraite deuills let him paint them in his coulors , as Foelix the old Monke , of Crowland depaynted the bugges of Crowland in his verses , and they will seeme right hell-hounds . Sunt aliqui quibus est crinis rigidus , caput amplum , Frons cornuta , gena distorta , pupilla coruscans , Os patulum , labra turgentia , dens praeacutus , Et quibus est crinis quasi seta , caput quasi truncus , Frons quasi cera , gena quasi pix , oculus quasi carbo , Os quasi sporta , labra quasi plumbum , dens quasi buxus . Sunt alij quibus est vultus gibbosus & acer , Nasus curuatus & foedus , auris acuta , Et grandis , ceruix dependens & macilenta : Caesaries & barba rigens , frons & gena pallens , Nasus & auris olens , vertex & sinciput horrens . Et sunt perplures qui crine videntur adusto , Fronte truci , naso praegrandi , lumine toruo . Faucibus horrendis , labris pendentibus , ore Igniuomo , vultu squamoso , vertice grosso , Dente fero , mento peracuto , gutture rauco , Pelle nigra , scapulis contractis , ventre rapaci , Costis mobilibus , lumbis ardentibus , anis Caudatis , genibus nodatis , cruribus vncis , Plantis auersis , talisque tumentibus , & sunt Nonnulli , quibus est non horrida forma , sed ipse Horror , cum non sint scelerati , sed scelus ipsum . He did seeme also a good poet in his age , which described a great battaile betweene the Danes and the English ; thus . Eminùs in primis hiberni grandinis instar Tela volant , syluas hastarum fragmina frangunt ; Mox ruitur propiùs , praescinditur ensis ab ense , Conculcatur equus ab equo , ruit hostis in hostem . Hic effossa trahit hostili viscera ferro , Hic tacet exanimis fusâ cum sanguine vitâ . Hic pedis , ille manus , hic pectoris , ille lacerti Vulnere damnatus reditum proponit inanem . If he which scraped together the fragments of ancient poets , had hapned on the verses following , written to a Bishop of Norwich , happely he would haue inserted them . Magnus Alexander bellorum saepe procellas Immixtus fregit studijs , Socratesque studend● Continuum solitus interrupisse laborem , Threicias tremulo numerauit pollice chordas . Cedit Atlas oneri , ciuili scriptor ab ense Iulius abstinuit , inuictus saepe quieuit Alcides , rigidum mollis lyra flexit Achillem , Tu quoque lugenti patriae grauiterque diuque Expectate parens , sibi quem viduata maritum Iam Pastoralis Norwici regia poscit . &c. Iohn Hanuill a Monke of S. Albanes made this good & godly inuocation before his poeme , comparable with many of the latter broode . Tu Cyrrhae latices nostrae Deus implue menti , Eloquij rorem siccis infunde labellis , Distillaque fauos , quos nec dum pallidus auro Scit Tagus , aut sitiens admotis Tantalus vndis . Dirige qua timidè susc●pit dextera , dextram Audacem pauidamque iuua , tu mentis habenas Feruoremque rege , quicquid dictauerit ori Spiritus aridior , oleum suffunde fauoris . Tu patris es verbum , tu mens , tu dextra , Verbum Expediat verbum , mens mentem , dextera dextram . Lasie and superficiall scholers which thrust the day forward ward with their shoulders in the vniuersity , and returne as wise as they came thether he describeth in this sort : Hi sunt qui statuae veniunt-statuaeque recedunt , Et Bacchi sapiunt non Phaebi pocula , Nysae Agmina non Cirrhae , Phaebo Bacchoque ministrant , Hoc pleni illo vacui . The old ale knights of England were well depainted out of him , in the ale house coulours of that time , in this maner , Iamque vagante scypho , discincto gutture was-heil Ingeminant was-fieil ; labor est plus perdere vini Quam sitis , exhaurire merum vehementius ardent , Quàm exhaurire sitim . The same Iohn Hanuill when he would signifie whatsoeuer enuy had wrought against Troy , the Roman vertue had repayred , sung briefely . Si quid de cùlmine Troiae Diminuit liuor , virtus reparauit , vt orbi Hic vrbem rapuit , haec orbem reddidit vrbi . Passionate are these verses vpon the death of K. Richard the first , penned by one Gaulfrid . Neustria sub clypeô Regis defensa Richardi Indefensa modò gestu testare dolorem , Exundent oculi lachrimas exterminet ora Pallor , connodet digitos tortura , cruentet Interiora dolor , & verberet aera clamor : Tota peris ex morte suâ , mors non fuit eius Sed tua , non vna sed publica mortis imago . O Veneris lachrimosa dies , ô sidus amarum . Illa dies tua nox fuit , & Venus illa venenum . Illa dedit vulnus , sed pessimus ille dierum Primus ab vndecimo , qui vitam victricus ipsam Clausit , vterque dies homicida , tyrannide mira , Traiecit clausus inclusum , tectus apertum , Prouidus incautum , miles munitus inermem , Et proprium Regem . And after a fewe verses : he speaking to Death , addeth in commendation of that prince . — , Nihil addere nouerat vltrà Ipse fuit quicquid potuit natura , sed istud Causa fuit quare rapuisti , res pretiosas Eligis , & viles quasi dedignata relinquis . These former verses were mentioned by Chaucer our English Homer in the description of the sodaine stirre and Panicall feare when Chanteclere the cocke was caried away by Reynold the Foxe with a relation to the said Galfride . The silly widow and her daughters two Herd the hennes crie and make ado . And out at the dore stert they anon And saw the fox toward the woodygon , And bare vpon his back the cock away And cried out harow and well away . Aha the fox , and after him they ran , And eke with staues many other man. Ran Coll our dogge , Talbot and eke Garland , And Malkin with her distaffe in her hand , Ran Cow and Calfe and eke the very hogges , For they so sore affraid were of the dogges . And showting of men and of women eake . They ran so her hert thought to breaks They yellen as fends do in hell , The Duckes cried as men would them quell , The Geese for feare flew ouer the trees , Out of the heues came swarmes of Bees . So hideous was the noyse , ah benedicite Certes Iack Strawe , ne his meiney Ne made neuer shoutes halfe so shrill When that they would any Fleming kill , As that day was made vpon the Fox . Of brasse they blew the trumpes and of box , Of horne , and box , i which they blew and pouped , And therewith they shriked and shouted , It seemed as though heauen should fall . O Gaulfride dere maister soueraigne , That whan the worthy King Richard was slaine With shot , complainedst his death so sore , Why ne had I now thie science , and thy lore ? The Friday for to chide as did ye , For on a Friday shortly slaine was he . Then would I shew you how that I could plaine , For Chauntecleercs dred and for his paine . Certes such crie , ne lamentation , Was neuer of Ladyes made when that Ilion Was won , an Pirrhus with his bright sword , Whan he hent King Priam by the beard , And slough him ( as saith Aeneidos ) As made all the hennes in the cloos , Whan they lost of Chantecleere the sight : But souerainly dame Pert●lott shright , Well louder than did Hasdruballs wife , Whan that her husband hath lost his life , And that the Romans had brent Cartage , She was so full of torment and of rage , That wilfully into the fire she stert , And brent her selfe with a stedfast hert . O wofull Hennes right so cried ye , As when that Nero brent the city Of Rome , cried the Senators wives , For that her husbonds should lose her lives . These may suffice for some Poeticall descriptions of our auncient Poets , if I would come to our time , what a world could I present to you out of Sir Philipp Sidney , Ed. Spencer , Samuel Daniel , Hugh Holland , Ben : Iohnson , Th. Campion , Mich. Drayton , George Chapman , Iohn Marston , William Shakespeare , & other most pregnant witts of these our times , whom succeeding ages may iustly admire . Epigrammes . IN short and sweete Poems , framed to praise or dispraise , or some other sharpe conceit which are called Epigrammes , as our countrie men now surpasse other nations , so in former times they were not inferior , if you consider ages , as the indifferent Reader may iudge by these . In the praise of our natiue Countrie England , Alfred of Beuerley made this . Anglia plena iocis , gens libera et apta iocari , Libera gens cui libera mens & libera lingua , Sed lingu . i melior , liberiorque manus . And in another olde Booke I finde this . Anglia dulce solum , quod non aliena , recensque , Sed tua dulcedo pristina dulce facit , Quae nihil à Galli● , sed Gallia suscipit à te Quicquid amoris habet quicquid honoris , habet . In the darke misle of all good learning , about 800. yeares since , in commendation of the godly King Saint Os●uald , was made this . Quis fuit Alcides ? quis Casar Iulius ? aut quis Magnus Alexander ? Alcides se superasse Fertur , Alexander mundum : sed Iulius hostem : Se simul Osuualdus , & mundum vicit , & hostem . To the honour of Elfleda noble Lady , which repaired Darby , Chester , Warwicke , &c. I haue found this . O Elfleda potens , ô terror virgo virorum , Victrix naturae , nomine digna viri ; Te quo splendidior fieres , natura puellam , Te probitas fecit nomen habere viri . Te mutare decet , sed solum nomina sexus Tu Regina potens , Rexque trophaea parans . Iam nec Caesarei tantum meraeri triumphi , Caesare splendidior virgo , virago viges . This also may here haue place , which William Conquerours Poet made to him whē he had obtained this Realme . Caesariem Caesar tibi si natura negauit , Hanc Wilielme tibi stella comata dedit . It may seeme he alluded to the baldnesse of Iulius Caesar , who for that cause vsed a Lawrell Garland , to the Comete appearing before his conquest of this kingdome , portending the same as it was thought , and to the manner of the French in that time : among whom long bushie haire was the signale marke of Maiestie , as Agathias noteth , when as all subiects were rounded , and the Kings only long haired . Which custome continued among the French Kings , vntill Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris disswaded them from it , and among ours , as appeareth by their seales vntill King Henry the 5. The happy successe of English and Normans , with the cowardly flight of the French , at Nugent 1109 in the time of King Henry the first , was thus expressed . Henricus regum rex & decus , abstulit altos Francigenis animos , Ludouicum namque Nugenti Rex regem campo magnum maior superauit : Praeposuere fugam bellis , calcaria telis Galli praecipites : fama spolijsque potitos Laureâ Normanos , & laus aterna coronat , Sic decus iste ducum sic corda tumentia pressit , Oraque Francorum superba mutire coegit . Maud daughter to Malcolm King of Scots , a woman of rare pietie , buried at Westminster , to which Church she would come dayly barefoote , while the Court laye there , had an excellent Epigramme made to her commendation , whereof these foure verses onely remaine . Prospera non laetam fecere , nec aspera tristem , Aspera risus erant , prospera terror erant . Non decor effecit fragilem , non sceptra superbam , Sola potens humilis , sola pudica decens . No bad Poet was he which wrote to the honor of Adeliza , second wife to King Henry the first , who was daughter to the Duke of Brabant , & sister to Lord Ioscelin , from whom the Percies Earles of Northumberland descended . Anglorum Regina tuos Adeliza decores Ipsa referre parans Musa , stupore riget . Quid Diadema tibi pulcherrima ? quid tibi gemma ? Pallet gemma tibi , nec Diadema nitet . Deme tibi cultus , cultum natura ministrat , Non exornari forma beata potest . Ornamenta caue , nec quicquam luminis inde Accipis , illa micant lumine clara tuo ; Non puduit modicas de magnis dicere laudes , Nec pudeat dominam te precor esse meam . But among all our olde Epigrammatists all commendation is carried away by olde Godffery Prior of Winchester , who liued Anno 1100. which Citie hath brought forth so many excelling in Poeticall facultie , not onely in former ages , but also in latter , out of the worthy Colledge there , that the very Genius loci doth seeme Poeticall . Out of his Epigrammes first imparted to me by the right learned Maister Th. Allen of Oxford , I will here impart a few vnto you . To one that would know how long he should learne , he wrighteth thus . Discendi Damiane modum te quaerere dicunt , Discas dum nescis , sit modus iste tibi . That the contempt of fooles is not to be respected . Contemptum stulti contemnere Dindime laus est , Contemni a stulto dedecus esse nego . Against pride in prosperitie . Extolli noli quùm te fortuna beauit Pompone , haec eadem quae leuat , ipsa premit . Against such as teach well , and liue not accordingly . Multa Solon , sed plura Cato me verba docetis , At nemo vestrum quanta docetis , agit . To one which had eaten stinking meate . Druse comedisti quem misit Siluius hircum , Vel tibi non nasus , vel tibi nasus olet . He teacheth vs to relye vpon firme and sure supports , lest we fall to the ground with them in this . Non est securus super titubantia fultus Iungere labenti , labitur ille , ruis . That we must looke for like measure , if we doe not as we would be done vnto , he admonisheth all vnder the name of Albius . Iurgia , clamores tibi gloria gloria lites , Et facis & dicis omnibus , vnde noces . Expectes ead●m quae nobis seceris Albi , Nam quem tu laedis , te ferit ille libens . Youth which in their haughty heat , reiect the aduise of ould men , he aduiseth thus . Pannorum veterum facile contemnitur vsus Non sic consilium , posthumiane , senum . The vanity of them which vaunt of their auncient nobility , and haue no nobility in themselues , he thus taxeth . Stemmata continuas , recitas ex ordine patres , Queis nisi tu similis , Rufule quid recitas ? That there was no contending with him who with missiue bribes can preuaile against Iustice . Missilibus Daciane tuis Astraea recessit Vincis m●ssilibus Ius Dac●●nc tuis . The common prouerbe , Loue me loue mine , he thus aduised vs to obserue , Me tanquam socium te dicis amare Trebati , Et quos totus amo dente furente teris Sed nisi sis socius socijs , & amic●s Non potero nostrum dicere te socium . Against hooked gifts which draw others . Multa mihi donas , vereor ne multa requiras , Nolo mihi doncs Aulice , si repetas . Against one that sought a benefice and would teach before he could teach . Quâ doceat sedem quaerit Pl●timus & aedem , Quarit quâ doceat , non ea quae doceat , Against a couetous wretch . Nasidiane diu vixisti semper anarus , Oro tibi ●●uas Nasidiane dus . Against one that would exact of others , and do nothing himselfe . Ex●gis a nobis quem 〈◊〉 soluis amorem , Quam nulli praestes exigis . Aule sidem . Exig●● à nobis quem non m●rearis honorem , Mirum est quod non das , id tibi velle 〈◊〉 . Against an Abbot that would defend his monks from others , but worrye them himselfe . Tollit onem de fauce lupi persaepe molossus , Ereptamque lupo ventre recondit ouem . Tu quoque Sceuae tuos praedone tueris ab omni , Vnus praedo tamen perdis vbique tuos . One amidst the warres betweene King Stephen and Henrie the second , commended the same Henry in these verses . Praelia quanta mouet Stephanus , moucat volo namque Gloria nulla foret si pralia null : moueret . Tu contra Stephanum cui copia multa virorum ; Duxisti pautos , our paucos ? gloria maior , Est ▪ multos paucis , quàm paucos vincere multis . At the same troublesome time and as it were desolation of England were written to the same Henry as it were in a Prosopopcia of England . Dux Henrice nepos Henrici maxime magni ; Anglia tota ruo , nec iam ruo , tota ruina . &c. Vpon two other fearfull flights of the French , one at Vernoil , the other at Vandosme in the time of King Henry the second , one made this . Gallia fugisti bis , & hoc sub rege Philippo , Nec sunt sub modio facta pudenda duo . Vernolium sumit testem fuga prima , secunda Vindocîum , noctem prima ▪ secunda diem . Nocte fugam primam celerasti , mane secundam , Prima pauore fuit , vique secunda fuit . When one had flattered William Longchampe Bishop of Elye the only powerable man of England in his time with this blandation . Tam benè , tam facile , tu magna negotia tractas , Vt dubium reddas sis homo , siue deus . Giraldus Cambrensis a man well borne and better lettered , of that house from whence the Giraldines of Ireland are descended , and secretary to King Iohn , played vpon these verses , and that Bishop after he was apprehended in womans attire flying out of the realme . Tam male , tam temerè , tam turpiter omnia tractas , Vt dubium reddas bellua sis , vel homo . Sic cum sis minimus tentas maioribus vti , Ve dubium reddas simia sis , vel homo . He that made the verse following ( some ascribe it to that Giraldus ) could adore both the sonne rising , and the sonne setting , when he could so cleanly honour King Henry the second then departed , and King Richard succeeding . Miracano sol occubuit , nox nulla sequuta . Great was the commendation of Maecenas , who when he could do all with Augustus , yet neuer harmed any , wherevpon in an Elegie vpon his death , Pedo Albinouanus writeth . Omnia cum posses , tanto tam carus amico , Te sensit nemo posse nocere tamen . Which commendation king Henry the eight gaue to that worthy Duke of Suffolke Charles Brandon , who neuer vsed the Kings fauour to the hurt of any . And the same Giraldus testified the like of King Henry the second , in this verse very effectually . Glorior hoc vno , quòd nunquam vidimus vnum , Nec potuisse magis , nec nocuisse minùs . These also following are referred vnto him . Viue deo , tibi mors requies , tibi vita labori , Viue Deo , mors est viuere , vita mori . These following were likewise written by him against lewde loue . Nec laus , nec probitas , nec honor superare puellam , Sed Veneris vitium vincere laudis opus . Vis melius sapiens , melius vis strenuus esse , Si Venerem superes , istud & istud eris : Noli castra sequi Veneris , sed castra Mineruae , Haec docet , illa furit , haec iu●at , illa nocet . Cum sit amor vetitus , vetiti malus actus amoris , Si malus ergo nocet , si nocet , ergo fuge , Cuius caepta timor , medium scelus , exitus ignis , Tu fuge , tu reproba , tu metuendo caue . Why the Sun appeareth ruddy and as it were blusheth at his first rising . Alexander Necham somtime prior of Cirencester rendreth the cause thus . Sol vultu roseo rubicundo fulget in ortu , Incestae noctis facta pudore notans . Nempè rubore suo tot damnat damna pudoris , Cernere tot Phaebum gesta pudenda pudet ▪ Tot blandos nexus , tot suauia pressa labellis , Tot miserae Veneris monstra nouella videt . Frigida quòd nimium caleat lasciua senectus , Ignis quòd gelido ferueat amne stupet . Of the fiery coulour of the planet Mars , and the spotts in the Moone he giueth this reason . Mars Venerem secum deprensam fraude mariti Erubuit , superest flammeus ille rubor . Sed cur lunaris facies fuscata videtur ? Quae vultu damnat , furta videre solet . Adde quòd Ecclesiam Phaebe , maculae nota culpam Signat , habet maculas vtrque Luna suas . If you will read carping Epigrammaticall verses of a Durham Poet against the prior Ralfe , here you may haue them . De sene , de caluo , de delirante Radulpho Omnia monstra cano , nil nisi vera tamen : Imputat errores alijs semper , sibi nunquam , Est alijs Argus , Tyresiasque sibi . Non vult esse bonus , sed vult bonus esse videri ▪ Est ouis exterius , interiusque lupus . Sus vita , canis officio , vulpecula fraude , Mente lepus , passer renibus , ore lupus . Talis qui daemon nunquam poterit nisi morte Esse bonus , postquam desinat esse malus . The same Author plaid also pretily vpon William and Alan Arch-deacons of Northumberland and Durham . Archileuitas in sorte Northumbria largos , Dunnelmum cupidos semper habere solet . Nunc è conuerso sedem dotauit vtramque Willelmi probitas , crimen Alane tuum . Vos nunc degeneres patribus succeditis ambo , Hic bonus , antè malus , hîc malus , antè bonus . Answerable to these , were these verses of the said Durham Poet , vpon the fate of a Potte and a Pipkin , when the potte was all broken , and the Pitcher lost but the handle , by the fall of a window . Lapsa fenestra ruit , luit vrna sciphusque propinquus , Desinit haec esse prorsus , hic esse bene . Alias . Lapsa fenestra ruit , sciphus vrna luunt , nihil illa Quo teneat , nihil hic quo teneatur , habet . When King Richard the first was deteined prisoner with the Emperour , one did write this supplicant verse to the Emperour in a sharpe close . Magnus es , & genibus flexis tibi supplicat orbis , Cum possis , noli saeuire , memento Neronis . A huswife which had encreased her family in her husbands absence with a new bratte , assured her husband at his returne , that she conceiued it of a Snow-ball cast at her . But he conueying it away , selling it to a begger assured her with the like lye ; that as it was conceiued by Snowe , so it was melted away by the Sunne , which a Poet in the time of K. Iohn expressed thus very briefly , & for that age pretily . Rebus in augendis longè remorante marito , Vxor maecha parit puerum ; post multa reuerso , Dè niue conceptum fingit , fraus mutua , cautè Sustulit , asportat , vendit , matrique reportans Ridiculum simile , liquefactum sole refingit . But two others comprised the same matter more succinctly in this maner . De niue conceptum quem mater adultera fingit , S●o●sus eum vendens , liquefactum sole refi●xit . Vir quia quem reperit genitum niue famina fingit Vendit , & a simili liquefactum sole resinxit . That scholler also could play at euen and odd , that could keepe the figure Compar so precisely in these two verses vpon the spring . Turba colorum , vis violarum , pompa rosarum , Induit hortos , purpurat agros , pascit ocellos . A suter wearied with delais in the Emperours court , did at the length frame this distiche , and coled it on a wall . Si nequeo placidas affari Caesaris aures , Saltem aliquis veniat , qui mihi dicat , Abi. So a poore English man fed with vaine hope by many , in the time of King Henry the third did write this distiche . Spem mihi dent alij magnam , rem tu citò paruam , Res me parua iuuet , spes mihi magna nocet . Against a carping companion was this made about that time by Iohn Hauill . Zoile tu laudem cunens , tu serra bonorum , Magna doles , maiora notas , in maxima saeuis . Such as can speake feelingly of church liuings , will not dissemble that these were the fowre entraunces into the church , which a countriman of ours long since in this manner Epigrammatically opened . Ecclesias portis his quatuor itur in omnes , Principis , & Simonis , sanguinis atque , Dei. Prima patet magnis , nummatis altera , charis Tertia , sed raris ianua quarta patet . Good also is that vnder S. Peter in the Cathedral church of Norwich , ( were it not for the fault which is in the former , ) but therein you haue S. Peters ship Sea , Nets , and Fishe . Ecclesiam pro Naue rego , mihi climata mundi Sunt mare , scriptura retia , piscis homo . When Eustathius was elected Bishop of London , one congratulated his aduancement thus . Omnes hic digni , tu dignior omnibus , omnes Hic plenè sapiunt , plenius ipse sapis . Of a bragging braule betweene two well met , was framed this by Henry of Winchester , but the beginning is lost . Hic ait , ille negat , hic asserit , ille refellit , Hic proauos multum praedicat , ille premit . Fisus vterque sibi se venditat , iste decorem Iactitat , ille decus , hic opus , alter opes . Hic bonus , ille beatus , hic multis disserit , ille Multiplicata refert : hic leuis , ille loquax . When Adrian our countriman had conuerted some people of Norway , and was made Pope , this was composed to his honour . Conferet hic Romae , plus laudis quam sibi Roma , Plus dabit hic orbi , quàm dabit orbis ei . But this would not easily be matched in our age , which was written in the time of King Henry the 6. ouer the entrance into the Reccipt at Westminster , to admonish accontants to be circumspect in entring , as Ianus with his two heads , and as vigilant in ending Exchequer accounts , as Argus with his hundred eyes . Ingrediens Iani , rediture sis aemulus Argi. RYTHMES . RIming verses which are called Versus Leonini , I know not wherefore ( for a Lions taile doth not answere to the middle parts as these verses doe ) began in the time of Carolus Magnus , and were onely in request then , and in many ages following , which delighted in nothing more then in this minstrelsie of meeters . I could present you with many of them , but few shall suffice , when as there are but few now which delight in them . In the praise of Miles Earle of Hereford , was this penned , in respect he was both martiall and lettered . Vatum & ducum gloria Milo , cuius in pectore Certant vires & studia , Certat Hector cum Nestore . Virtutum priuilegia , Mente geris & corpore . Teque coronat arbore Mars Phoebi , Phabus propria . Walter de Mapes Archdeacon of Oxford , who in the time of King Henry the second filled England with his meriments , confessed his loue to good liquor , with the causes , in this maner . Mihi est propositum in taberna mori , Vinum sit appositum morientis ori : Vt dicant , cùm venerint , Angelorum chori , Deus sit propitius huic potatori . Poculis accenditur animi lucerna , Cor imbutum nectare volat ad superna , Mihi sapit dulcius vinum in taberna , Quàm quod aqua miscuit praesulis pincernn . Suum cuique proprium dat natura munus , Ego nunquam potui scribere iciunus : Me iciunum vincere posset puer vnus . Sitim & iciunium , odi tanquam funus . Vnicuique propriumdat natura donum , Ego versus faciens , vinum bibo bonum , Ft quod habent melius dolia cauponum , Tale vinum generat copiam sermonum . Tales versus facio , quale vinum bibo , Nihil possum scribere , nisi sumpto cibo , Nihil valet penitus , quod iciunus scribo , Nasonem post caelices carmine praeibo , Mihi nunquam spiritus prophetiae datur . Nisi tunc cùm fuerit , venter bene satur Cum in arce cerebri Bacchus dominatur , In me Phoebus irruit , ac miranda fatur . The infirmity and corruption of our nature prone to sensuality he acknowledgeth thus . Via lata gradior more iuuentutis , Implico me vitijs , immenor virtutis , Voluptatis auidus , magis quam salutis Mortuus in anima curam gero cutis . Mihi cordis grauitâs , res videtur grauis , Iocus est amabilis , dulciorque fauis . Quicquid Venus imperat labor est suauis , Quae nunquam in mentibus habitat ignauis . Quis in igne positus igni non vratur ? Quis in mundo demorans castus habeatur ? Vbi Venus digito iuuenes venatur , Oculis illaqueat , facie praedatur . This lustie priest when Pope Innocent the third forbade the Clergie their wiues , became Proctor for himselfe , and them with these verses : desiring onely for his fee , that euery priest with his sweet hart would say a Pater noster for him . Prisciani regula penitùs cassatur , Sacerdos per Hic et Haec olim declinatur , Sed per Hic solummodo , nunc articulatur . Cum per nostrum praesulum Haec amoueatur . Ita quidem presbyter caepit allegare , Peccat criminaliter qui vult seperare , Quod Deus iniunxerat , faeminam amare . Tales dignum duximus●fures appellare . O quam dolor anxius , quàm tormentum graue , Nobis est dimittere , quoniam suaue . O Romane pontifex , statuisti prauè , Ne in tanto crimine moriaris , caue . Non est Innocentius , immò nocens verè , Qui quod facto docuit studet abolere : Et quod olim inuenis voluit habere , Modò vetus pontifex , studet prohibere , Gignere nos praecipit vetus Testamentum : Vbi nouum prohibet , nusquam est inuentum . Praesul qui contrarium donat documentum , Nullum necessarium his dat argumentum , Dedit enim dominus maledictionem Viro qui non fecerit generationem . Ergo tibi consulo , per hanc rationem , Gignere , vt habeas benedictionem . Nonnè de militibus mili●es procedunt ? Et reges à regibus qui sibi succedunt ? Per locum à simili , omnes iura laedunt . Clericos qui gignere crimen esse credunt . Zacharias habuit prolem ●t vxorem . Per virum quem genuit adeptus honore● : Baptiz●uit enim nostrum saluatorem : P●reat , qui teneat nouum hunc errorem , Paulus caelos rapitur ad superiores , Vbi multas didicit res secretiores , Ad nos tandem rediens , instruensque mores . Suas ( inquit ) habeat quilibet vxores . Propter haec et alia dogmata doctor●● . Reor est m●lius , et magis decorum , Quisque suam habeat et non proximorum , Ne incurrat odium & iram eorum . Proximorum faeminas filias , & neptes , Violare nefas est , quare nil deceptes . Verè tuam habeas & ha● del●●les Diem vt sic vltimum tutius expectes Ecce iam pro clericis multum allegaui , Nec non pro presbiteris plura comprobaui : Pater noster nunc pro me quoniam peccaui , Dicat quisque presbiter , cum sua suaui . Mery Michaell the Cornish poet piped this vpon his pipe for mery England , but with a mocking compassion of Normandy , when the French vsurped it in the time of K. Iohn ; Nobilis Anglie pocula , prandia , donat et aera : Terra iuuabilis , et sociabilis agmine plena Omnibus vtilis Anglia fertilis est , et amaena . Sed miserabilis et lachrimabilis absque cateruà , Neustria debilis , et modo flebilis et quia serua , He begged his exhibition of King Henry the third with this distich . Regie rector , miles vt Hector , dux vt Achilles , Te quia sector , melle ●vector , * mel mihi stilles . The same Michael highly offended with Henry of Aurench the kings Poet for disgracing Cornwall , thought to draw bloud of him with these bobbing times . Est tibi gamba capri , crus passeris , et latus apri , Os leporis , catuli nasus dens et gena muli , Frons vetulae , tauri caput , et color vndique Mauri : His argumentis quaenam est argutia mentis ? Quod non a monstro differs : satis hic tibi monstro . If you please to heare a solemne plea at Reasons barre betweene the Eye & the Heart , runne ouer this , which a contriman of ours made in time of king Henry the 3. Quisquis cordis et oculi Non sentit in se iurgia , Non nouit qui sunt stimuli , Quae culpae seminaria . Causam nescit periculi , Cur alternant convitia , Cur procaces & aemuli Replicent in se vitia . Cor sic affatur oculum Te peccati principium , Te fontem , te stimulum , Te mortis voco nuntium . Tu domus meae ianitor Hosti non claudis ostium , Familiaris proditor Admittis aduersarium . Nonnè fenestra diceris Quod mors intrat ad animam ; Nonnè quod vides sequeris Vt bos ductus ad victimam . Saltem sordes quas ingeris , Cur non lauas per lachrimam Aut quarè non crueris Mentem fermentans azimam ? Cordi respondet oculus , Iniustè de me quaereris , Seruus sum tibi sedulus , Exequor quicquid iusseris . Nonne tu mihi praecipis , Sicut et membris caeteris , Non ego , tu te decipis , Nuntius sum quò tu miseris . Cur damnatur apertio ? Corpori necessaria , Sine cuius obsequio , Cuncta languent officia . Quo si fiat ereptio . Cum sim fenestra peruia , Si quod recepi nuntio , Quae putatur iniuria ? Addo quòd nullo puluere Quem immitto pollueris , Nullum malum te laedere Potest , nisi consenseris . De corde mala prodeunt Nihil inuitum pateris , Virtutes non intereunt , Nisi culpam commiseris . Dum sic vterque disputat Soluto pacis osculo : Ratio litem amputat Diffinitiuo calculo . Vtrumque reum reputat Sed non pari periculo , Nam cordi causam imputat , Occasionem oculo . Dan Elingham a Monke of Linton of Saint Benedicts order , comming to the White-friers in Nottingham , found there Iohn Baptist painted in a white Friers weed , whereat marueling , he coled out these verses vpon the wall neere to the picture . Christi Baptista , vestis non te decet ista , Qui●e vestiuit fratrem , maledictus abiuit . Nunquam Messias ●iater fuerat , nec Helias , Non stat plebs lata , dum sit pro fratre propheta . Si fratrem Ionam fingis Geezi tibi ponam : Ac Iebusaeum , ne iungas his Helisaeum . But a white Frier there answered Elingham , with these following in the person of Iohn Baptist. Elingham mentiris , metris fatuis quoque miris Atque ea quae nescis , sic astruis vt ea quae scis . Nam deus est testis , decet haec me candida vestis , Plusquàm te vestis pulla , siue nigra cuculla . Sum Carmelita meritò , sed tu Geezita . A● frater fictus Benedicti , non benedictus . He which made this when King Edward the first , and the Pope concurred in exacting a paiment from the Cleargie , should haue smarted , had he beene knowne . Ecclesiae nauis titubat , regni quia clauis Errat , Rex , Papa facti sunt vnica capa , Hoc faciunt do , des , Pilatus hîc alter Herodes . A merry learned Lawyer which had receiued Wine for a regarde , or remembrance , from the Abbot of Merton , who had entertained him in a cause , sent these two verses , as standing vpon his integrity against bribes , and requiring rather good euidence than good Wine . Vinum transmissum nunc me facit esse remissum , Conuiuis vina , causis tua iura propina . The Abbot which perswaded himselfe what would moue a Lawyer , when Wine could not , returned these three distiches . Tentaui temerè vinô te , posse movere , Non movi verè , sed forte moveberis aere . Vinum non quaeris , sed tinnit si sonus aeris , Et spe duceris , forsitàn alter eris . Vt mihi sis mitis , tibi misi pocula vitis , Nec tamen illa sitis desinit , vndè sitis . King Edward the third when he first quartered the Armes of France with England , declared his claime in this kinde of verse , thus . Rex sum regnorum binâ ratione duorum , Anglorum regno sum rex ego iure paterno , Matris iure quidem Francorum nuncupor idem . Hinc est armorum variatio facta meorum . These following were made by his Poet , when Philip de Valoys the French King lurked in Cambray , and so well liked of him , that he sware by Saint George they were valiant verses ; and commanded them to be shot vpon an arrow into the Cittie , as a cartell of challenge . Si valeas , venias Valoys , depelle timorem , Non lateas , pateas , maneas , ostende vigorem . In the Chapiter house of Yorke Minster is written this in commendation thereof : Vt rosa flos florum , sic est domus ista domorum . The Exchequer officers were extortours in the time of King Henry the 4 , otherwise Henry Bell Collectour of the Custome , ( as he stileth himselfe at that time , ) would neuer haue written a riming long Satyre against them , which beginneth thus . O Scacci Camera , locus est mirabilis ille . Vt referam vera , tortores sunt ibi mille . Si contingat ibi temet quid habere patrandum , Certe dico tibi caetum reperire nefandum . And concludeth in this maner . O sic vexatè tortoribus & cruciate Non dices vere propter tales Miserere . But this is good aduise , which he giveth to such as haue to deale with the officers of the Receipt . Qui tallas scribunt , cum murmure saepè loquuntur , Summas quique solent in magnâ scribere pelle . Scribere valdè dolent , dùm non sit soluere bellè . Escas manè datas propter ientacula pones , Costas assatas , pisces , pinguesque capones , Illos conforta pariter per fortia vina , Westminster porta , pro talibus est medicina . Now for the Fleet then , he writeth thus . Cum sis in Fleta , patioris mille molesta , Illic dona dabis , si sanus vis fore puncto , Nam custos Fletae bona de prisonibus vnit , Ni soluant laete mox hos per vincula punit : Illis qui baculos portant , ostendere debes , Valde pios loculos , & ludere praebeo , praebes . In the time of King Henry the 4. when in leauying of a Subsidie , the rich would not , and the poore could not pay , so they of the meaner sort bare the burthen : a skilfull dicer , and no vnskilfull rimer wrote these verses . Dews As non possunt , & Sise Sinke soluere nolunt , Est igitùr notum , Cater Tre soluere totum . Of the decay of gentry one made these rimes . Ex quo nobilitas seruilia caepit amare , Nobilitas caepit cum seruis degenerare . Many more and of great varietie of meeters in this kinde I could present you with all , for these rimers haue as curious obse●●ations in their Arte Rithmizandi , as the Italian makers , in their Stanzas , Quartetts , Tercetts , Octaves : but now they are counted long eared which delight in them . Beside these , our Poets hath their knacks as young Schollers call them , as Ecchos , Achrostiches , Serpentine verses , Recurrents , Numeralls , &c. yea and our prose Authors could vse Achrostiches , for Ranulph of Chester began the first Chapter of his Polychronicon with P , the 2. with R , the 3. with E. the 4. with S. the fift with N. and so forth , as if you would spell the first Chapters of his Booke , you , shall find , Praesentem chronicam compilauit Ranulphus Monachus Cestrensis . And why not as well as Agapetus the Greeke , who did the like in his admonitions to Iustinian the Emperour . But I will end with this of Odo , houlding Maister Doctors Mule , and Anne with her table-cloth : which cost the maker much foolish labour , for it is a perfect verse , and euery word is the very same , both backward and forward . Odo tenet mulum , madidam mappam tenet Anna. Anna tenet mappam madidam , mulum tenet Odo . Epitaphes . GReat hath bene the care of burial euen since the first times , as you may see by the examples of Abraham , Iacob , Ioseph , Iosua , the old prophet in Bethel , and Tobie ; and also by that in holy scriptures : Mortuo ne deneges gratiam . The Iews annoynted the dead bodies , wrapped them in sindon , layed them in couered sepulchers hewed out of stone : The Aegyptians embalmed and filled them with odoriferous spices , reseruing them in glasse or coffins , the Assirians in wax and hony , the Scythians caried about the cleansed carkases to the freinds of the deceased for 40. daies with solemne banquets . And that we may not particulate , the Romaines so far exceeded in funerall honors , and ceremonyes , with oyntments , images , bonfires of most precious woods , sacrifices , & banquets , burning their dead bodies vntill about the time of Theodosius , that lawes were enacted to restraine the excesse . Neither haue any neglected buriall , but some sauage nations as Bactrians , ( which cast the dead to their doggs ) some varlet Philosophers , as Diogenes which desired to be deuoured of fishes , some dissolute courtiers as Mecaenas , who was wont to say . Non tumulum curo , sepelit natura relictos . As an other said . De terra in terram , & quaeuis terra sepulchrum . Yea some of especiall note amongst vs neglecting the last duty eyther vpon a sparing or a precise humour , are content to commit to the earth their parents , wiues , and the nearest vnto them in tenebris with little better than Sepultura asinorum . As for those which philosophically dislike monuments and memorialls after their death , and those that affect them , I thinke as Plinie did , speaking of Virginius , and Apronius : that both of them do ambitiously march with like paces toward glory , but by diuerse wayes , these openly , in that they desire their due titles , those other couertly , in that they would seeme carlesly to contemne them . But among all funerall honours Epitaphes haue alwaies bene most respectiue , for in them loue was shewed to the deceased , memory was continued to posterity , friends were comforted , and the reader put in mind of humane fraielty . The inuention of them proceeded from the presage or forfeeling of immortality implanted in all men naturally , and is referred to the schollers of Linus , who first bewayled their maister when he was slaine , in dolefull verses then called of him Aelinum , afterward Epitaphia , for that they were first song at Burialls , after engraued vpon the sepulchers . It were needlesse to set downe heere the lawes of Plato , that an Epitaph should be comprised in foure verses , or of the Lacedemonians , who reserued this honor only to Martiall men , and chast women : or how the most ancient , ( especially Greeke ) were written in Elegiac verse , after in prose : How monuments were erected most vsually along the high waye side , to put passengers in minde that they are , as those were mortall . How such as violated sepulchres were punished with death , banishment , condemnation to the mines , losse of members , according to circumstance of fact aud person , and how sacred they were accompted . In which regard I cannot but giue you the words out of the Nouellae leges Valentiniani Augusti : De Sepulchris titulo . v. which are worth reading Scimus , nec vana fides , & solutas membris animas habere sensum , & in originem suam spiritum redire caelestem . Hoc libris veteris sapientiae , hoc religionis , quam veneramur & colimus , declaratur arcanis . Et licaet occasus necessitatem mens diuina non sentiat , amani tamen animae sedem corporum relictorum , & nescio qua sorte rationis occultae sepulchri honore laetantur : cuius tanta permaneat cura temporibus , vt videamus in hos vsus sumptu nimio praetiosa montium metalla transferri , operosasque moles censu laborante componi . Quod prudentium certè intelligentia recusaret , si nihil crederet esse post mortem . Nimis barbara est & vesana crudelitas , munus extremum luce carentibus inuidere , & dirutis per inexpiabile crimē sepulchris , monstrare caelo corporum reliquias humatorum . Against which I cannot without griefe remember , how barbarously , and vnchristianly some not long since haue offended , yea some Mingendo in patrios cineres , which yet we haue seene strangely reuenged . I could here also call to your remembrance how the place of buriall was called by S. Paul Seminatio , in the respect of the assured hope of resurrection , of the Greekes Caemiterion , as a sleeping place vntill the resurrection , and of the Hebrews The house of the liuing in the same respect , as the Germaines call Churchyardes vntill this day Gods aker , or Gods field . And in the like sence tombes were named Requietoria , Ossuaria , Cineraria , Domus aeternae , &c. As you may see in ould inscriptions at Rome , and elsewhere . Which Lucian scoffingly termed Campes and Cottages of Carkases . Notorious it is to all how the same Lucian bringeth in Diogenes laughing and outlaughing King Mausolus for that he was so pitifully pressed and chrushed with an huge heape of stones vnder his stately monument Mausoleum . for the magnificence accompted among the worlds wonders : But monuments answerable to mens worth , states , and places , haue alwaies bene allowed , yet stately sepulchers for base fellowes haue alwayes lyen open to bitter iests , as that marble one of Licinus the barber , which one by way of comparison thus derided , with a doubt thereon , whether God regarded men of worth . Marmoreo Licinus tumulo iacet , at Cato paruo , Pompeius nullo . Credimus esse Deos ? Whereunto another replied with an assurance that God doth regard worthy men . Saxa premunt Licinum , vehit altum fama Catonem , Pompetum tituli , Cedimus esse Deos. As for such as bury themselues liuing , and say they liue to themselues , when they liue neither to themselues , nor to other , but to their belly , ease , and pleasure , wel worthy are they to haue while they liue , that Epitaph which Seneca deuised for Vatia their fellow to be inscribed vpon his house , Hic situs est Vatia . and no memoriall at all when they are dead . It is not impertinent to note in one worde as the auncient Romans beganne Epitaphes with D. M. for Dijs Manibus . D. M. S. i. Dijs Manibus sacrum . Hic situs est . Hospes , as speaking to the reader . So we & other Christians began them with Hic deponitur , Hic iacet , Hic requiescit , Hic tumulatur ▪ in French Icy gist . Here lieth . and in latter time according to the doctrine of the time Ora pro. &c. Of your charity , &c. And now after the auncient manner D. O. M. for Deo. Optimo . Maximo . Posteritati Sacrum . Memoriae Sacrum . Deo & Posteris . Virtuti & Honori Sacrum . &c. Likewise as our Epitaphes were concluded with On whose soule God haue mercy . Cuius animae prepitietur Deus . God send him a ioyfull resurrection . &c. So theirs with , Hoc Monumentum posuit vel fecit , in these letters . M. P. M. F. in the behalfe of him that made the Monumente . With Vale , Vale , & Salue anima , nos eo ordine quo natura iusserit . sequemur . With H. M. H. N. S : for Hoc monumentum haeredes non sequitur . When they would not haue their heires entombed therein ; with Rogo per Deos superos inferosque ossa nostra ne violes , And most commonly with Sit tibi terra leuis in these notes , S. T. T. L. And somtime with Quietem posteri non inuideant . But omitting this discourse I will offer vnto your view a Century of choise Epitaphes of our nation for matter and conceit , some good , some bad , that you may see how learning ebbed and flowed : most of them recouered from the iniury of time by writers . And will beginne with that at Rome as most auncient erected to the memory of a Britanne ; who after the maner of the time , tooke a Romane name . M. VLPIO IVSTO . Q. SIG. AVG. MILITAVIT . AN. XXV . VIXIT . XLV . NATIONE BRITTO . ●EC . M. VLSIVS RESPECTVS VEH. AVG. AMICO OPTIMO DE SE BENE MERENTI . Arthur the valerous vpholder of the ruinous state of Britaine against the Saxons about the yeare 500. was buried secretly at Glastenburie , least the enimie should offer indignity to the dead body , and about 700. yeares after when a graue was to be made in the Churchyard there , a stone was found betweene two Pyramides deepe in the ground with a crosse of lead infixed into the lower part thereof , and inscribed in the inner side of the crosse in rude Characters , which the Italians now call Gotish letters . HIC IACET SEPVLTVS INCLYTVS REX ARTVRIVS IN INSVLA AVALONIA . Vnder which in a trough of Oke were found his bones , which the Monkes , translated into the church and honoured them with a tombe , but dishonored him with these horne pipe verses . Hic iacet ●rturus flos regum , gloria regni , Quem morum probitas commendat laude perenni . Augustine the first Archbishop of Canterbury , who first preached Christ to the English nation , conuerted the Kentishmen , & reuiued Christianity in this Isle , which flourished among the Britaines , many years before his cōming , was buried at Canterbury in S. Peters Porch , with this Epitaph . Hic requiescit dominus Augustinus Dorobernensis Archiepiscopus primus , qui ●lim huc a beato Gregorio Remanae vrbis pontifice directus , & a Deo operatione miraculorum suffultus Aethelbertum regem , ac gentem illius ab idolorum cultu ad Christi fidem perduxit . & completis in pace diebus officij sui , defunctus est septimo Kalendas Iunias , eodem rege regnante : In the same place were interred the sixe succeeding Archbishops , for whom and Augustin making the seauenth , were these verses , as cōmon to them all , written on the wall with this title : as I finde them in Geruasius Dorobernensis . Septem primae ecclesiae Anglorum columnae . Augustinus , Laurentius , Mellitus , Iustus , Honorius . Deus-dedit . Theodorus . Septem sunt Anglis primates & protopatres , Septem rectores , caelo septemque triones , Septem cisternae vitae , septemque lucernae , Et septem palmae regni , septemque coronae Septem sunt stellae quas haec tenet area cellae : But Theodore the last of the 7. which first taught Greeke in England , and died in the yeare 713. had this seuerally inscribed vpon his tombe . Scandens alma nouae foelix consortia vitae Ciuibus Angelicis iunctus in arce poli . Cedwall King of the West Saxons went to Rome in the yeare 689. & there being Baptized , renounced the world , ended his life , and lieth buried with this Epitaph . Culmen , opes , sobolem , pollentia regna , triumphos Exuuias , proceres , mania , castra , lares . Quaeque patrum virtus , & quae congesserat ipse , Caedwal armipotens liquit amore Dei. With some more which you may see in Paulus Diaconus , and Beda : King Eadgar surnamed the Peaceable , the great patron and fauourer of Monkes , deserued well for his foundation of so many Abbayes this Epitaph . Autor opum , vindex scelerum , largitor honorum Sceptriger Eadgarus , regna superna petit . Hic alter Salomon , legum pater , orbita pacis , Quòd caruit bellis , claruit inde magis . Templa Deo , templis monachos , monachis dedit agros Nequitiae lapsum , iustitiaeque locum . Nouit enim regno verum perquirere falso . Immensum modico , perpetuumque breui : To the honor of King Alfred , a godly , wise , and warlike prince , and an especiall aduancer of learning , was made this better then that time commonly afforded . Nobilitas innata tibi probitatis honorem Armipotens Alfrede dedit , probitasque laborem , Perpetuumque labor nomen : cui mixta dolori Gaudia semper erant : spes semper mixta timori , Si modò victor eras ad crastina bella pauebas Si modó victus eras in crastina bella parabas . Cui vestes sudore iugi , cui sica cruore Tincta iugi , quantum sit onus regnare probarunt . Non fuit immensi quisquam per climata mundi Cui tot in aduersis vel respirare liceret : Nec tamen aut ferro contritus ponere ferrum , Aut gladio potuit vitae finisse labores . Iam post transactos vitae regnique labores Christus ei sit vera quies , et vita perennis . It is meruailous how immediately after this time learning decayed in this Kingdome , for Iohn Erigena alias Scotus , fauoured of Charles the Bald King of France , and the forsaid King Alfred for his learning , when he was stabbed by his schollers at Malmesbury was buried with this rude , rough and vnlearned verse . Clauditur in tumulo Sanctus Sophista Iohannes Qui ditatus erat , iam viuens dogmate miro . Martyrio tandem Christi conscendere regnum Quo meritis , regnant sancti per secula cuncti . And from this time learning so lowe ebbed in England that betweene Thames & Trent , there was scant one found which could vnderstand Latin , and that you may perceiue , when as Hugolin Treasurer to King Edward the Confessor , had these most sillie verses in grauen vpon his monument in the olde Chapter house of Westminster . Qui ruis iniustè capit hic Hugoline locus te , Laude pia clares , qnia martyribus nece clares : But shortly after the Conquest learning reuiued , as appeareth by these that follow , which were cast in a more learned mould than the former . King William surnamed the Conqueror for his conquest of England , was buried at Caen in Normandie , with this Epitaph , discouered in the late ciuill warres of France , but mentioned in Gemeticensis . Qui rexit rigidos Normannos atque Britannos , Audacter vicit , fortiter obtinuit : Et Caenomanenses virtute contudit enses , Imperijque sui legibus applicuit . Rex magnus parua iacet his Gulielmus in vrna : Sufficit & magno paruae domus domino . Ter septem gradibus se voluerat atque duobus , Virginis in gremio Phoebus , et hic obijt . Vpon Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury degraded for his corruptiō , I finde this most viperous Epitaph in an olde Manuscript . Hic iacet Herodes Herode ferocior , huius Inquinat infernum spiritus , ossa solum . William the Valiant , Earle of Flaunders , nephew to this King William the Conquerour , sonne to Robert , who vnhappy in his state , loosing the hope of the Kingdome of England , & dying of a wound in his hand , was not altogether vnhappy in his Poet , which made him this Epitaph . Vnicus ille ruit , cuius non terga sagittam , Cuius nosse pedes non potuere fugam . Nil nisi fulmen erat , quoties res ipsa mouebat , Et si non fulmen , fulminis instar erat : King Henry the first , for his learning surnamed Beauclerc , had this flatterng Epitaph , as Poets could flatter in all ages . Rex Henricus obit , decus olim , nunc dolor orbis , Numina flent numen deperijsse suum . Mercurius minor eloquio , vi mentis Apollo , Iupiter imperio , Marsque vigore gemunt . Anglia quae curá , quae sceptro Principis huius , Ardua splenduerat , tam tenebrosa ruit . Haec cum rege suo , Normania cum Duce marcet , Nutrijt haec puerum , perdidit illa virum . Of him also another composed these in respect of his peaceable gouernment , and the troubles which ensued vnder King Stephen , both in England and Normandie . Anglia Iugeat hinc , Normannica gens fleat illinc , Occidit Henricus modò lux , nunc luctus vtrique Vpon William sonne of , King Henry the first , and heire apparent of this Realme , drowned vpon the coast of Normandie , I haue found this Epitaphe . Abstulit hunc terrae matri maris vnda nouerca , Proh dolor ? occubuit Sol Anglicus , Anglia plora : Quaeque priùs fueras gemino radiata nitore , Extincto nato viuas contenta parente . But well it was with England in that he was so preuented , which threatned to make the English draw the Plough as Oxen. ( Hypodigma ) Mawd daughter to the foresaid King , wife to Henry the Emperour , mother to King Henry the 2. who intitled her selfe Empresse & Augusta , for that she was thrice solemnly crowned at Rome as R. de Diceto test fieth , & Anglorum Domina , because she was heire apparent to the crowne of Englād , was very happy in her Poet , who in these 2. funerall verses , contained her princely parentage , match , & issue . Magna ortis , maiorque viro , sed maxima partu , Hic iacet Henrici filia , sponsa , parens . Alberic Vere graundfather to the first Earle of Oxford , and his sonne William were buried together Anno 1088. with this Epitaphe at Colne where he was founder & afterward Monke , as it is in the Annales of Abingdon . En puer , en senior , pater alter , filius alter , Legem , fortunam , terram venêre sub vnam : In which the maker seemed to imitate that of Conrad the Emperour at Spires in Germany . Filius hîc , pater hîc , annus hî , proauus iacet istic . Thomas Beket Arch-bishop of Canterbury had these Epitaphes expressing the cause , the time , & place of his death , made by his especiall fauourer . Pro Christi sponsa , Christi sub tempore , Christi In templo , Christi verus amator obit Quinta dies natalis erat , flos orbis ab orbe Carpitur , et fructus incipit esse poli . Quis morritur ? praesul . cur ? pro grege . qualiter ? ense : Quando ? natali . quis locus ? ara Dei. For Theobald of Bloys Earle of Champaine nephew to King Henry the first . Giraldus Cambrensis Bishop of S. Dauids in Walles made this . Ille comes , Comes ille pius Theobaldus eras , quem Gaudet habere polus , terra carere dolet . Non hominem possum , non audeo dicere numen : Mors probat hunc hominem , vita fuisse Deum . Trans hominem , citraque Deum , plus hoc , minus istud , Nescio qui● neuter , inter vtrumque fuit : Vitalis Abbot of Westminster which died in the time of the Conquerour , had this Epitaph : Qui nomen traxit a vita , morte vocante Abbas Vitalis transijt , hicque iacet : And for Lawrence Abbot of the same place which died 1176. was made this alluding to his name : Pro meritis vitae dedit isti Laurea nomen , Detur ei vitae laurea pro meritis . These two happely , may finde as much fauour with some if one word do not preiudice , as that auncient one of Floridus so highly commended . Quod vixi flos est , seruat lapis hic mihi nomen , Nolo Deos manes , flos mihi pro titulo . Geruays de Bloys base sonne to King Stephen , and Abbot also of the same church was buried with the foresaid in the cloyster with this . De Regum genere pater hic Geruasius ecce Monstrat defunctus , mors rapit omne genus : William de Albeney Erle of Arundel , and Butler to the King , was buried at Wimodham which he founded with this . Hunc Pincerna locum fundauit , & hîc iacet alla Quae dedit huic domui , tam sine fine tenet . That mighty Monarch King Henry the second , which by his owne right adioyned Anioy , Maine and Tourain , by his wife Aquatine , Poyctov , and by conquest Ireland to the Crowne of England , and commanded from the Pyrene mountaines to the Orcades , had this Epitaph according to his greatnesse . Rex Henricus eram , mihi plurima regna subegi Multiplicique modo , Duxque Comesque fui . Cui satis ad votum non essent omnia terrae Climata , terra modo sufficit octo pedum . Qui legis haec pensa discrimina mortis , et in me Humanae speculum conditionis habe . Sufficit hic tumulus , cui non suffecerat orbis . Res breuis ampla mihi , cui fuit ampla breuis : Rosamond the faire his paramour , daughter to Walter Lord Clifford , and mother to William Longspee , the first Earle of Sarisbury aeternised by maister Daniels muse , had this nothing answerable to her beauty . Hac iacet in tumba rosa mundi non Rosamunda , Non redolet , sed olet quae redolere solet . William Longspee Earle of Sarum , base sonne to King Henry the second by this Lady , had an Epitaph not vnlike to that of his mother . Flos comitum Willielmus cognomine longus Ensis , vaginam caepit habere breuem . The glory of that magnanimous and lionlike prince king Richard the first , renowned for his Conquest of Cyprus . The king whereof he tooke and kept in setters of siluer , and for his great exployts in the holy land stirred vp the wits of the best Poets in that age , to honor him , with these Epitaphs which follow , when he was slaine in viewing the Castle of Chaluz in Limosin . Hic Richarde iaces , sed mors si cederet armis Victa timore tui , cederet ipsa tuis : Another also writt of him . Istius in morte perimit formica leonem : Proh dolor , in tanto funere , mundus obit . An English poet imitating the epitaph made of Pompey & his children , whose bodies were buried in diuerse contries , made these following of the glory of this one king deuided in three places by his funerall . Viscera Carccolum , corpus fons seruat Ebrandi , Et cor Rothomagum magne Richarde tuum . In tria diuiditur vnus , qui plus fuit vno : Non vno iaceat gloria tanta loco . At Font Euerard where his body was enterred with a gilt image , were these sixe excellent verses written in golden letters , contayning his greatest and most glorions atchieuementes : as his victory against the Sicilians , his conquering of Cyprus , the sinkinge of the great Galiasse of the Saracens , the taking of their Conuoie , which in the East partes is called a Caruana , and the defending of Ieppe in the holye land against them : Scribitur hoc tumulo Rex auree , laus tua , tota Aurea , materiae conueniente notâ . Laus tua prima fuit Siculi , Cyprus altera , Dromo Tertia , Caruena quarta , suprema Iope . Suppressi Siculi , Ciprus pessundata . Dromo Mersus , Caruana capta , retenta Iope . But sharpe and satyrical was that one verse , which by alluding noted his taking the Chalices from Churches for his ransome , and place of his death which was called Chaluz . Christe tui calicis praedo sit praeda Caluzis . Sauaricus Bishop of Bath and Wells a stirring prelate , which laboured most for the redeeming King Richard , when he was captiue in Austria , and is famous in the decretalls ( lib. 3. tit . 9. 0 Nouit ille ) had this Epitaph , for that he was alwayes gadding vp and downe the world , and had little rest . Hospes erat mundo per mundum semper eundo , Sic suprema diès , fit sibi prima quies . And the like in late yeares was engrauen vpon the monument of Iacobus Triulcio a military man of the same metall , as Lodonic Guicciardin reporteth . HIC MOR TVVS REQVIESSCIT SEMEL . QVI VIVVS REQVIEVIT NVNQVAM . But ●imilis Captaine of the guard to Adrian the Emperor , when he had passed a most toylesome life , after he had retired himselfe from seruice , and liued priuatly 7. yeares in the countrie , acknowledged that he had liued only them 7. yeares , as he caused to be inscribed vpon his monument thus . Hic iacet Similis cuius aetas multorum annorum fuit , ipse septem duntaxat annos vixit . It may be doubted whether Wulgrine the Organist was so good a Musician , as Hugh Archdeacon of Yorke was a Poet , which made this Epitaph for him . Te Wulgrine cadente cadunt vox , organa , cantus , Et quicquid gratum gratia vocis habet . Voce , lira , modulis , Syrenes , Orphea , Phoebum Vnus tres poteras aequiperare tribus . Si tamen illorum non fallet fama locorum , Quod fueras nobis , hoc eris Eliijs . Cantor eris , qui cantor eras , hic charus et illî , Orpheus alter eras , Orpheus alter eris . Vpon one Peter a religious man of this age I found this . Petra capit Petri cineres , animam Petra Christus . Sic sibi diuisit vtraque petra Petrum . Vpon the death of Morgan base sonne of king Henry the 2. was made this Epitaph , alluding to his name in that alluding age . Larga , benigna , decens , iacet his stirps regia , morum , Organa Morgano fracta iacente , silent : In the time of king Henry the third they began to make Epitaphs , as they call it now out of Propria quae maribus , as some do in our age , but among them this was short and good for William Erle of Pembroke and Marshall of England , buried in the Temple church . Sum quem Saeturnum sibi sensit Hibernia , Solem Anglia , Mercurium Normannia , Gallia Martem . And this was not bad for Richard de Clare , Erle of Glocestor and Hertford which died , Anno 1262. Hic pudor Hippoliti , Paridis gena , sensus Vlissis , Aeneae pietas , Hectoris ira iacet . I doubt not but this time of Simon Montfort Earle of Leicester , slaine at Euesham found fauour in that age , as the Earle himselfe who was so followed by the people , that he durst confront his soueraigne king Henry the 3. and as the Epitaph doth implie , was the peerelesse man of that time , for valour , personage , and wisdome . Nunc dantur fato , casuque cadunt iterato Simone sublato , Mars , Paris , atque Cato . Vpon a gentleman as some thinke named None buried at Wimondham who gaue nothing to the religīous there , was made this . Hîc situs est Nullus , quia nullo nullior iste ; Et quia nullus erat , de nullo nil tibi Christe . Excellent is this ( which I found in the booke of Wimondham ) for Pope Lucius borne at Luca , Bishop of Ostia Pope of Rome , and dying at Verona . Luca dedit lucem tibi Luci , Pontificatum Ostia , Papatum Roma , Verona mori . Imo Verona dedit tibi verè viuere , Roma Exilium , curas Ostia , Luca mori . If you will see an ould Deane named Ham● Sol , resembled to the twelue sonnes of olde father Annus which had euery one as Cleobulus was wont to call them thirty daughters , some faire , some foule , all dying and neuer dying , , read this epitaph . Participat mensis dotes cuiuslibet Hamo Circumspectus erat vt Ianus , crimina purgans , Vt Februus , veterana nouans vs Martius ipse , Semina producens vt Ap●ilis flore coruscans , Vt Maiu● , facie plaudens vt Iunius , intùs Feruens vt Iulius , frugis maturi●● adultae Messor vt Augustus , faecundans horrea more Septembris , replens vino cellaria more Octobris , p●stor pecundum sed spiritualis , More Nouembris epulator dapsilis instar , Omne Decembris habet hiemalis peste quiescens . Another playing vpon the name Hamon made this for him Olim piscator hominum quasi pisces ab hamo Mortis captus hamo , celebrat conuiuia vitae . But witty was this , whereas he died in a Leape yeare vpon the leape day accounted so vnhappy a day of the Romans that Valentinian the Emperour durst not peepe out in that day : one , made this : Hamo Decane iaces , toto fugit exul ab anno Interitum Solis , ausa videre dies . Verely he was a man of some good note in that time , for I finde another of him alluding also to this leape day . Nulla dies anni nisi bisextilis , et anni Iudicio damnata sui , nec subdita mensi , Sed noctis lux instar erat , lux nescia lucis , Et lux existens inter luces , quasi bubo , Inter aues , huius poterat concludere vitam Solis , et humanum genus hac priuare lucerna . Alexāder Nechā a great learned man of this age , as appeareth by his books de diuinae sapientiae laudibus , was buried in the cloister at Worcester with this , but deserued a better . Eclipsim patitur sapientia : sol sepelitur ; Qui dum vinebat , studij genus omne vigebat : Soluitur in cineres Neccham , cui si foret haeres In terris vnus , minus esset flebile funus . A mery mad maker as they call poets now was he which in the time of K. Henry the 3. made this for Iohn Calf . O Deus omnipotens vituli miserere Iohannis , Quem mors praeucaiens noluit esse bouem . Robert de Courtn●y was buried at Ford , as appeareth by the register of that place 12 ●2 . vnder a stately Piramis , who whether he was descen●ed from the Earles of Eodessa , or from Petre the sōne of 〈◊〉 the Grosse K. of Frāce , had but this bad inscriptiō which I insert more for the honor of the name , then the worth of the verse . Hic iacet ingenui de Courtney gleba Roberti , Militis egregij , virtutum laude referti . Quem genuit strenuus Reginal dus Courteniensis Qui procer eximius fuerat tunc deuoniensis . A Mōke of Duresme busied his braine in nicking out these nice verses vpon the death of W. de La-march Chauncellor of England vnder king Iohn . Culmina qui cupitis Laudes pompasque sititis Est sedata sitis Si me pensare velitis Qui populos regitis memores super omnia sitis Quod mors immitis non parcit honore potitis Vobis prapositis similis fucram benè scitis Quod sum vos eritis ad me currendo venitis William de valentia cōmonly called Valens Earle of Pembroke , & halfe brother to K. Henry the 3. from whom , the Earles of Shrewsbury , Kent , and others are descended , is intombed at Westminster , with these ranke rimes . Anglia tota doles , moritur quia regia proles , Qua slorere soles , quam continet infima moles : Guilelmus nomen insigne valentia praebet Celsum cognomen , nam tale dari sibi debet Qui valuit validus , vincens virtute valore Et placuit placido sensu , morumque vigore . Robert Grostest cōmonly called Robin Groshead bishop of Lincolne , a most learned prelate , reported by Mathew Paris to be a seuere reproouer of the Pope , a fauourer of learning , a searcher of scriptures , a preacher of the word , & generally a man of great worth cōmanded this only to be engrauen ouer his Tombe . Quis sim nosse cupis ? caro putrida , nil nisi vermis ; Quisquis es , hoc de me sit tibi scire satis . But vpon his death this was written . Rex dolet ac regnum gemit , et flet Anglia tota , Plebs plangit gemitus ingeminare iuuat , Quippe Grosredus speculum , virtutis , asylum Iust●●ciae , Regis inchora morte iacet . Non poterit tamen ille mori , cui fama perorat , Laus loquitur , redolet fructus , abundat honor , Vnde 〈◊〉 tristatur homo , canit Angelus inde , Vnde serenantur sidera , pallet humus . Vpon the tombe of doctor Iohn Bekingale somtime bishop of Chichester this is engrauen which I set here , for rare correspondency of the rime . Tu modo qualis eris ? quid mundi quaeris honores ? Crimina deplores , in me nunc te speculeris : En mors ante fores , quae clamitat omnibus adsum In paenis passum , pro me te deprecor ores . Which is the same in sence with that at Geneua . VIXI VT VIVIS MORIERIS VT SVM MORTVVS SIC VITA TRVDITVR . Lewes de Beaumont that learned bishop of Duresme , who was preferred therunto for his affinity vnto the Queene , although he could not with all his learning read this word Metropoli●ice at his cōsecration , but passed it ouer with Soit pour dict . and would sweare by S. Lewes that they were discourteous , which set downe so many hard words in the ordering of priests , had this vpon his tombe in Duresme Church where he was buried 1333. De Bello Monte iacet hic Lodouicus humatus , Nobilis ex fonte regum , Comitumque creatus &c. King Edward the first a most worthy , and mighty prince the first establisher of the kingdome of England , had affixed at the Aulter of S. Edward neare his tombe at Westminster , a large Epitaph in prose , whereof I haue found onely this fragment . Abauus autem & tri●vus eius dilatantes imperia , subie●erunt sibi Ducatus & Comitatus . Edwardus vero paternarum magnificentiarum amplius aemulator existens . Regaleque solium perornans in clypeo & in hastà , Principatum Walliae truncatis eius principibus , Leclino & Dauid potentissimè adquisiuit . Quinimò dominium regni Scotiae , primò magni industria consilij , de inde virtute bellorum victoriosissimè est adeptus . Nihilominus Comitatibus Cornubiae & Northfolke ( disponente ●o cuius est orbis terrae & plenitudo eius ) ad manus Edwardi mirabilitèr deuolutis , suis successoribus amplissimam reliquit materiam gloriandi . Vbicunque igitur Christus habet nomen , inter praecellentissimos reges fidelium habeat & Edwardus honorem . The famous K. Edward the 3. which had so great victories ouer the French , to the greater glory than good of England as some say , is entombed at Westminster with this . Hic decus Anglorum , slos regum praeteritorum , Fama futurorum , rex clemens , pax populorum , Tertius Eduardus regni complens Iubilaum : Robert Hawley a valiant Esquire , was murthered in Westminster Church in seruice time , where he had taken sanctuary , and is there buried in the place , where he was first assaulted with these verses . Me dolus , ira , furor , multorum militis atque , in hoc gladiis celebri pietatis asylo , Dum leuita Dei sermones legit ad aram Proh dolor , ipse meo Monachorum sanguine vultus Aspersi moriens , chorus est mihi testis in ●uum , Et me nunc retinet sacer hic locus Hawle Robertum , Hic quia pestiferos malè sensi primitùs hostes : Famous is L. Siccinius Dentatus , who serued in an hundred and twentie battailes . And glorious is Henry the third Emperour , who fought 62. battailes , and likewise honourable should the memory be of Sir Mathew G●urnay out Countriman , of whose house Sir H. Newton is descended , which commaunded in 6. battailes , & was buried at Stoke Hamden in Somersetshire , with this French memoriall now defaced . Icy gist le noble & valient Cheualer , Mahe● de Gurnay iadis seneschall de Landes & Capitayn du Chastell d'Aques pro nostre Signior le Roy en la Duche de Guien que in sa vi● fu a la battaile , de Benamazin & a la pres a la siege de Algezir sur le Sarazines & auxi a les battayles de Scluse , de Cressy , de Ingenesse , de Poyters , de Nazara , &c. Obijt 96. aetatis 26. Septemb. 146. Henry Chichely although he was founder of All Soules Colledge in Oxford , and an especiall furtherer of learning , was but little honoured by this vnlearned Epitaph 1443. Pauper eram natus , post Primas his releuatus Iam sum prostratus , & vermibus esca paratus , Ecce meum tumulum : His next successour one Iohn Kempe , happened vpon a better Poet , who in one verse comprehended all his dignities which were great . Thomas Kempe . Bis Primas , ter praesul erat , bis cardine functus . For he was Bishop of Rochester , Chichester , and London , Archbishop of Yorke , then of Canterbury , and Cardinall , first Deacon , than Priest . This that followeth is engrauen about a faire tombe in a goodly Chappell adioyning to the Quire of Saint Maries Church in Warwick , being a worthy monument of so noble a person , since whose time although but late , you may obserue a great change both of the heyres of his house , and the vse of words in this Epitaph . Pray deuoutly for the soule whome God asso●le of one of the most worshipfull Knights in his dayes of manhood and cunning , Richard B●auchampe late Earle of Warwicke , Lord dispenser of Bergeuenny , and of many other great Lordships , whose body resteth here vnder this tombe , in a full faire vaulte of stone , set in the bare roche . The which visited with long sicknesse , in the castle of Rohan , therein deceased full Christianly the last day of Aprill , in the yeare of our Lord God 1439. he being at that time Lieutenant generall of France , and of the Duchie of Normandie , by sufficient authoritie of our Soueraigne Lord King Henry the sixt . The which body by great deliberation and worshipfull conduct , by sea and by land , was brought to Warwicke the fourth of October , the yeare abou●said , and was laid with full solemne exequies in a faire Chest made of Stone , in the West dore of this Chappell , according to his last Will and Testament therein to rest , till this Chappell by him deuised in his life were made , the which Chappell founded on the Roche , and all the members therof his executors did fully make , & apparail , by the auctority of his said last Will & Testament . And therafter by the said auctoritie , they did translate worshipfully the said body into the vaulte aforesaid : Honoured be God therefore . His sister the Countesse of Shrewsbury was buried in Saint Faithes vnder S. Paules at London with this : Here before the image of Ihesu lyeth the Worshipfull and right noble Lady , Margaret Countesse of Shrouseburie , late wife of the true & victorious Knight , & redoubted Warriour Iohn Talbot , Earle of Shrousebury , which worshipfully died in Gien for the right of this lond , the first daughter and one of the heires of the right famous and renowned Knight Richard Beauchampe , late Erle of Warwicke which died in Roane , and of dame Elizabeth his wife , the which Elizabeth was daughter and heire to Thomas late Lord Berkely , on his syd , and of 〈◊〉 moders side Lady Lisle , and Ties , which Countesse passed from this world the xiiii , day of Iune , the yeare of our Lord 1468. On whose soule the Lord haue mercy . For that valerous Earle her husband the terror of France , I found no Epitaph , but insteed thereof I will giue you ●o vnderstand , that not long since his sworde was found in the riuer of Dordon , and solde by a pesant to an Armorour of Burdeaux , with this inscription , but pardon the Latin , for it was not his , but his Camping priests . SVM TALBOTI M. IIII.C.XLIII . PRO VINCERE INIMICO MEO . This inscription following is in the Cathedrall Church at Roan in Normandie , for Iohn Duke of Bedford , and Gouernour of Normandie , Sonne to King Henry the fourth , buried in a faire plaine monument ; which when a French Gentleman aduised Charles the eight French King to deface , as being a monument of the English victories , he said : Let him rest in peace now he is dead , whom we feared while he liued . Cy gist feu de noble memoire haut & puissant , prince Iean en son viuant regent du Royaume de France , Duc de Bethfort , pour lequel est fondè vne Messe estre par chacun iour perpetuellement celebr●e en cest autel par le college , des Clementins incontine●● apres prime : & trespassa le 13. Septembre 1435. Au quel 13. iour semblablement est fondè po●r luy vn obït en ceste eglise . Dieu face pardon à soname . Vpon an auncient Knight Sir Iernegan buried Crosse-legd in Somerly in Suffolke some hundred yeares since , is written : Iesus Christ both God and man , Saue thy seruant Iernegan . Happy & prudent K. Henry the 7. who stopped the streames of ciuill bloud , which so long ouer-flowed England , & left a most peaceable state to his posteritie , hath his magnificall monument at Westminster , inscribed thus : Septimus hic situs est Henricus gloria regum Cunctorum illius qui tempestate fuerunt , Ingenio atque opibus gestarum nomine rerum : Accessere quibus naturae dona benignae , Frontis honos , facies augusta , heroica forma Iunctaque ei suauis coniunx perpulchra , pudica Et faecunda fuit , foelices prole parentes , Henricum quibus octauum terra Anglia debes . Hic iacet Henricus , huius nominis VII . Angliae quondam rex Edmundi Richmundiae Comitis filius , qui die 22. Aug. Rex creatus , statim post apud Westmonasterium 30. Octob. coronatur , anno Domini . 1485. moritur deinde xxi April . anno aetatis Liii . Regnauit annos xxii . mens . viii . minùs vno die . This following I will note out of Hackney Church , that you may see that the Clergie , were not alwaies anticipating , and griping many liuings by this worthy man , which relinquished great dignities , and refused greater . Christopherus Vrswicus Regis Henrici Septimi Elemozinaerius , vir sua aetate clarus , summatibus atque infimatibus iuxtà charus . Ad exteros reges vndecies pro patria legatus . Decanatū Eboracensem , Archidiaconatum Richmundiae , Decanatū Windsoriae habitos viuens reliquit . Episcopatū Norwicensem oblatum recusauit . Magnos honores totâ vita spreu●t , frugali vita contentus , hic viuere , hic mori voluit . Plenus annorū obi●● ab omnibus desideratus . Funeris pompam etiam testamento vetuit . Hic sepultus carnis resurrectionem in aduentum Christi expectat : Obijt anno Christi incarnati 1521. Die 23. Martij . Anno aetatis suae 74. This testamentarie Epitaph I haue read in an ould Manuscript . Terram terra tegit , Daemon peccata resumat . Res habeat Mundus , spiritus alta petat The name of the defunct is as it were enigmatically expressed in this ould epitaph . Bis fuit hic natus , puer & bis , bis iuuenisque Bis vir , bisque senex , bis doctor , bisque sacerdos , In the Cathedrall church of S. Pauls in London , a stone is inscribed thus without name . Non hominem aspiciam vltra . OBLIVIO . This man yet would not willingly haue bene forgotten , when he adioyned his Armes to continue his memorye , not vnlike to Philosophers which prefixde their names before their Treatises of contemning glorie . Another likewise suppressing his name , for his Epitaph did set downe this goodly admonition . Looke man before thee how thy death hasteth , Looke man behind thee , how thy life wasteth : Looke on thy right side how death thee desireth . Looke on thy left side how sinne thee beguileth : Looke man aboue thee , ioyes that euer shall last . Looke man beneth thee , the paines without rest . The Abott of S. Albanes which lieth buried there in the high Quire , suppressed his name as modestly as any other , in this . Hic quidam terra tegitur Peccato soluens debitum , Cuius nomen non impositum , In libro vitae sit inscriptum : In the Cloister on the north side of S. Pauls now ruinated , one had this inscription vpon his Graue , without name . VIXI , PECCAVI , PAENITVI , NATVRAE CESSI . Which is as Christian , as that was prophane of the Romane : AMICI , DVM VIVIMVS V●VAMVS . Queene Iane who died in Child birth of King Edward the sixt and vsed for her deuice a Phaenix , has this therevnto alluding for her Epitaph . Phenix Iana iacet , nato Phaenice , doendum Secula Phaenices nulla tulisse duos : The noble Thomas Earle of Surrey , father to Thomas late Duke of Norfolk , and the right honourable and nobly learned now Earle of Northampton , in the time of King Henry the eight , first refined our homly English Poesy ; among many other , made this Epitaph comparable with the best , for Thomas Clere Esquire his friend and follower buried at Lambeth .1545 . Norfolk sprang thee , Lambeth holds thee dead , Clere of the County of Cleremont though high . Within the wombe of Ormondes race thou bread And sawest thy cosin crowned in thy sight ; Shelton for loue , Surrey for Lord thou chase , Aye me , while life did last that league was tender : Tracing whose steps thou sawest Kelsall blaze , Laundersey burnt , & battered Bullen render , At Muttrell gates hopeles of all recure Thine Earle halfe dead gaue in thy hand his will : Which cause did thee this pining death procure , Ere summers seauen times seaven , thou couldest fulfill . Ah , Clere , if loue had booted , care , or cost ; Heauen had not wonn , nor earth so timely lost . The Duke of Suffolke and his brother , sonnes of Charles Brandon , which died of the sweat at Bugden , were buried together with this . Vna fides viuos coniunxit , religio vna , Ardor et in studijs vnus , et vnus amor . Abstulit hos simul vna dies : duo corpora iungit Vna vrna , ac mentes vnus Olympus habet . The Earle of Deuonshire Edward Courtney honorably descended , from one of the daughters of King Edward the fourth , is buried at Saint Anthonies in Padua with this which I set downe more for his honor , then the elegancy of the verse . Anglia quem , genuit , fueratque habitura patronum , Corteneum celsa haec continet ar●a Ducem : Credita causa necis , regni affectata cupido , Reginae optatum tunc quoque connubium — Cui regni proceres nou cosensere , Philippo Reginam Regi iungere posse rati , Europam vnde fuit iuuem peragrare necesse : Ex quo mors misero contigit ante diem . Anglia si plorat defuncto principe tanto , Nil mirum , Domino deficit illa pio . Sed iam Corteneus caelo fruiturque beatis Cum doleant Angli , cum sine fine gemant : Cortenei probitas igitur , praestantia , nomen , Dum stabit hoc templum , viuanda semper erunt . Angliaque hinc etiam stabit , stabuntque Britanni , Coniugij optati fama perennis eris . Improba naturae leges Libitina rescindens , Ex aequo iuuenes praecipitatque senes . Walter Milles , who died for the profession of his faith , as some saye made this Epitaph for himselfe . Non praua impietas , aut actae crimina vitae Armarunt hostes in mea fata truces . Sola fides Christi sacris signata libellis , Quae vitae causa est , est mihi causa necis . This man was not so godly , as he was impious ( as it seemeth ▪ ) who was buried in the night without any ceremony vnder the name of Menalcas , with this . Here lyeth Menalcas as dead as a logge ▪ That liued like a deuill & died like a dogge : Here doth he lye said I ? then saye I lye , For from this place , he parted by and by . But here he made his discent into hell , Without either booke , candell , or bell . This may seeme too sharpe , but happily it proceeded from some exulcerated minde , as that of Don Petro of Toledo Viceroy of Naples , wickedly detorted out of the Scriptures . Hic est . Qui propter nos & nostram salutem , descendit ad inferos : A merry and wealthy Goldsmith of London in his life time prepared this for his Grauestone , which is seene at S. Leonards neere Foster-lane . When the Bells , be merrilie runge , And the Masse deuoutly songe , And the meate merrily eaten : Then is Robert Traps , his wife and children quite forgetten , Wherefore Ihesu that of Mary sprong , Set their soules the Saints among ; Though it be vndeserued on their side , Let them euermore thy mercy abide , Doctor Caius a learned Phisition of Cambridge , and a co-founder of Gunwell and Caius colledge , hath onely on his monument there : FVI CAIVS . Which is as good as that great learned man of his profession Iulius Scaliger . SCALIGERI QVOD RELIQVVM . But that which Cardinall Pole appointed for himselfe , is better than both . Depositum Poli Cardinalis . This ensuing for Sir N. Bacon Lord Keeper of the great Seale , is worthy to be read , both for the honour of the person who was a most wise Councellour , and the rarenesse of Iambique verses in Epitaphes ( albeit this our age doth delight 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) But as he saith , Malos Iambus enecat , beat bonos . Hic Nicolaum n● Baconum conditum Existima illum , tam diu Britannici , Regni secundum columen ; exitium malis . Bonis asylum , caeca quem non extulit , Ad hunc honorem sors ; sed aequitas , fides , Doctrina , pietas , vnica , & prudentia , Non morte raptum crede , qui vnica Vita perennes emerit duas : agit Vitam secundam caelites inter animos . Fama implet orbem , vita quae illi tertia est . Hac positum in arca est corpus , olim animi domus : Ara dicata sempiternae memoriae . W. Lambe , a man which deserued well of the citie of London by diuerse charitable deeds , framed this for himselfe . As I was so be yee , As I am yee shall be : That I gaue , that I haue , That I spent , that I had : Thus I end all my cost , That I left , that I lost . All which Claudius Secundus a Romane contained in these foure words : HIC MECVM HABEO OMNIA . Shorte and yet a sufficient commendation of M. Sandes was this . Margareta Sandes . Digna haec luce diuturniore , Nisi quod luce meliore digna . And answerable thereunto is this , for a Gentleman of the same name . Who would liue in others breath ? Fame deceaues the dead mans trust : When our names do change by death : Sands I was , and now am dust . Sir Philip Sidney ( to whose honour I will say no more , ) but that which Maro saide of Marcellus nephew of Augustus . Ostendunt terris hunc tantum fata , nec vltra esse sinunt , which also was answered by the Oracle to Claudius the 2. Emperour of his brother Quintilius ) hath this most happily imitated out of the French of Mons . Boniuet , made by Ioach. du Bellay , as it was noted by Sir George Buc in his Poetica . England , Netherland , the heauens , and the arts , The souldiers , and the world hath made six parts , Of noble Sidney , for who will suppose , That a small heape of stones , can Sidney enclose . England had his body for she it fed , Netherland his bloud in her defence shed : The heauens haue his soule , the arts haue his fame , The souldiers the griefe , the world his good name . Vpon the golden Lion rampaut in Gueles of the house of Albenye which the late Earle H. Fitz-Alan bare in his armes as receauing the Earledome of Arundel from the house of Albenye , one composed this Epitaph . Aureus ille leo ( reliqui trepidate leones ) Non in sanguineo nunc stat vt ante solo : Nam leo de Iuda vicit , victoque pepercit , Et secum patris duxit ad vsque domos . Sic cadit vt surgat , sic victus vincit , et illum , Quem modo terra tulit , nunc Paradisus habet . In the Cloyster of New Colledge in Oxford , this following is written with a coale , for one Woodgate who bequeathed 200 pound to one , who would not bestowe a plate for his memoriall : H●us Peripatetice , Conde tibi tumulum , nec fide haeredis amori : Epitaphiumque compara , Mortuus est , nec emit libris haec verba ducentis . WOODGATVS HIC SEPVLTVS EST. Therefore the counsaile of Diego de Valles is good , who made his owne tombe at Rome with this inscription . Certa dies nulli est , mors certa , incerta sequentum Cura , locet tumulum qui sapit , ante sibi . A Gentleman falling off his horse brake his necke , which soddaine hap gaue occasion of much speech of his former life , and some in this iudging world , iudged the worst . In which respect a good friend made this good Epitaph , remembring of S. Augustin . Miserecordia Domini inter pontem , & fontem . My friend iudge not me , Thou seest I iudge not thee : Betwixt the stirrop and the ground , Mercy I askt , mercy I found . To the honour of Sir Henry Goodyer of Polesworth , a knight memorable for his vertues : an affectionate friend of his , framed this Tetrastich . An yll yeare of a Goodyer v●●●rest , Who gon to God , much lacke of him heere left : Full of good gifts , of body and of minde , Wise , comely , learned , eloquent , and kinde . Short and sufficient is this of a most worthy Knight , who for his Epitaph hath a whole College in Cambridge , and commaunded no more to be inscribed than this . Virtute non vi . Mors mihi lucrum . Hic iacet Gualterus Mildmay Miles , et vxor eius . Ipse obijt vltimo die Maij 1589. Ipsa decimo sexto Martij 1576. Reliquerunt duos filios et tres filias Fundauit Collegium Emanuelis Cantabrigiae . Moritur Cancellarius & subthesaurarius Scaccarij , et Regiae Maiestati â consilijs . Vpon a youngman of great hope , a student in Oxford w●●a made this . Short was thy life , yet liuest thou euer : Death hath his due , yet diest thou neuer . But I feare now I haue ouercharged the Readers minde , with dolefull , dumpish , and vncomfortable lines . I will therefore for his recomfort , end this part with a few conceited , merry , and laughing Epitaphes , the most of them composed by maister Iohn Hostines when he was young , and will begin with the Bellowes maker of Oxford . Here lyeth Iohn Cruker a maker of Bellowes , His craftes-master and King of good-fellowes ; Yet when he came to the hower of his death , He that made Bellowes , could not make breath . Thomas Elderton , who did arme himselfe with Ale ( as ould Father Ennius did with Wine ) when he ballated , had this , in that respect made to his memorie . Hic situs est sitiens atque ebrius Eldertonus , Quid dico hic situs est ? hic potiùs sitis est . Of him also was made this . Here is Elderton lyeng in dust . Or lyeng Elderton , chose which you lust . Here he lyes dead , I doe him no wrong , For who knew him standing , all his life long . Some wise man was he , and so reputed for whom this was composed . Here lyeth Thom Nicks bodie Who liued a foole and dyed a nodye : As for his soule aske them that can tell . Whether fooles soules go to heauen or to hell . Neither may this offend any , for that of Durandus the ould priest is little better . Hic est Durandus positue sub marmore duro , An sit saluandus ego nescio , nec ego curo . Miserable was Hermon , who when he had onely dreamed that he had disbursed money , dyed for woe , likewise Ph●idon who weapt not for that he should dye , but that his buriall would stand 〈◊〉 at 4. s. But most miserable was that pinchpenie Hermocrates , that in his last will and testament made himselfe his owne sole heire and executor of all he had , and yet refused to liue when he might , because he would not be at charge of a purgation . And our countriman ould Sparges ●ight seeme to be of his tribe , for whom was made . Here lyeth father Sparges That died to saue charges . Maister Wills doctor of Phisick who died lately at Vienna would often say that he would haue this verse only for his Epitaph . Here lyeth willing Wills. But a friend of his that knew him to be Caprichious , wished him to adde one verse more to make vp time after the manner , but when he said , he had nothing he might adde more , one extempore sayed it might be wel made vp thus . Here lyeth willing Wills With his head full of Windmills . For one that had continuall new encounters in his owne minde , and crammed his head with contrary discontents , I haue heard this . Here lyeth he , Which with himselfe could neuer agree . You shall haue this out of the Cathedrall Church of Norwich whatsoeuer you account of it . Vnder this stone Lies Iohn Knapton . Who died iust The xxviii of August M.D.XC. and one Of this church Peti-Canon , Vpon merry Tarlton , I haue heard this . Hic situs est cuius vox , vultus , actio possit Ex Heraclito reddere Democritum . Here lyeth Richard a Preene , One thousand , fiue hundred , eighty nine , Of March the 22. day , And he that will die after him may . Here lieth he , who was borne and cried , Told ●hreescore yeares , fell sick , and died . Here lyes the man whose horse did gaine , The Bell in race on Salsbury plaine : Reader , I know not whether needs it , You or your horse rather to read it . Here lyes the man that madly slaine , In earnest madnesse did complaine , On nature that she did not giue , One life to loose , another to liue . Here lyeth C. vnder ground , As wise as L. thousand pound . He neuer refused the Wine of his friend , Drinke was his life , and drinke was his end . Here lyeth N. a man of fame The first of his howse and last of his name . At Fa●lam on the west marches neare Naworth Castle . Iohn Bell broken-brow Ligs vnder this stean : Four● of myne een sonnes Laid it on my weam . I was a man of my meate Master of my wife I liued on myn own land Without micle strife . For old Th. Churchyard the poore Court-Poet this is now commonly current . Come Alecto and lend me thy torch , To finde a Church-yard in the Church-porch . Pouerty , and Poetry this tombe doth enclose , Therfore Gentlemen be mery in Prose . With this memoriales of the dead which giue a little liuing breath to the dead : for as he saith , Mortuorum vita in memoria vi●orum posita est , I conclude : Et veniam pro laude peto : laudatus abundè : Non fastiditus si tibi Lector ero . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A17848-e210 Gascoigne then vnder the crown of England . Alfred● 〈…〉 . Tho ▪ Moore in the Debellation Parl. 43. Edw. 3. Curopalares . Charisma of doctor Tooker . Epist . Bonif. sept . ad ● d. 1. reg . Angl●● . Mathew Paris . Samuel Daniel . Notes for div A17848-e1640 Cicero . Petrus Nanuius . P●ol . in Quad●●● . Britains Plinius . Notitia provin●●arum . Pict-Britans . Welsh-Britans . American or French Britans . Scottishmen . ● B●●a lib. ● . Englishm●● 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 colledge Notes for div A17848-e2960 In Psalm . 104. Britania Camdem . Holy-Iland . * Gewurthe thin willa . * Vrum gyltendum . * Sothlice . Leorning I● Epistolis . In Catalecti● . In Mithridat● . Ne●nius . William Malmsbury . Notes for div A17848-e9150 V●●to Iulius . Paris Viglius . Plinius Marcellin●● . De Anima ca. 19. Mart. Crom●● . Cic de Divinatione . See Herodot . lib. ● . de Hegesistrato . Trebellius . Polli● . Lampridiu● . Ammianus Macellinus lib 19. Suetonius in Domit . cap. 10 Se Demosthenes contra Boetua● , de Nomine . 〈…〉 . 〈…〉 . C●● . Rodog●●● lib. 13 cap. 35. Tackes 4 〈◊〉 . Bell forrest . Ioseph Acosta . Theolo●●● Ph●nicum . In Cratyl● , Olden dorplu● . 〈◊〉 . Notes for div A17848-e12880 Rie . Bert. Ealand Ael . Math. Paris Iornandes cap. 13. 〈◊〉 . Epist . 43. Cent 3. Win. Vlph. Wolph . Hulf . Aelf . Hilp . Helf . Bern or Barn. Gastius Brisacensis . Rad , Red , Rod. Stan. Ead. Ar. Ear. Mund. Ward . Mer. Metr . Ethel . Adel. Wold and Wald. Ger. Gar. Althamerus Frid. Fred. Ard. Iunius . Lipfius . Kilianus . Ael Spartia●●s 〈◊〉 in libr. v●●ae suae . In ●pis●oli● . Hare . Here. ●e●m . Leod. Aimonius li 3. c. ● M. Wel●erus re●um Boi●carum pag. 118. Hood . Rein , and Ran. Hold. Rad , Red , Rod. Frodo●rdi . Romensis chronic . Sig , and Seg. Theod. W●ld . Helm Will and Willi. Notes for div A17848-e28940 Gund . Notes for div A17848-e33350 Libr. primo . Scaliger de c●nsis linguae Lat : 〈◊〉 consti●●●● . Vit● Milcolumb● . Signu● . Rob. de Mon ●● de sundat . Monast . 〈◊〉 . Lib. Dunelmen . Ge●itieg●● . Record . regul Hibe●●iae . Vide Politian●● 〈◊〉 libr. 3. Mart. Cro●ar●● . pag. 491. Chauces . Plutarch . in Matio & Sylla . Claud. ●a●cher . Brand , a stirring vp , Iunius . Tillius . Macrobius . Suetonius . Capitolinus . Nicotlus . M. Lambert p●●amb , Cantu , pa. 538. Change of names Cre●●as Guid●●● Alex. ab Alexandro Genial . dier . lib. 2. c. 28. In Philebo . Chrysostomus . Lib Prioratus de Wroxhall . Yvo Catnotensis in his Epistles complaineth of th●● . ● . Wirl●y . Lib. Monasterii Sibeton . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Sen●ca . In Orthographi● Lib. 18 c. 3. ● . Andr. in C●dum sec●ndum de P●ab . Cod. Theod. & Iustinian . Trebellius Pollio . Ovid. Fast . Notes for div A17848-e53580 Minor hist . M. Paris . Venu● . Sinne. Notes for div A17848-e58220 Britannia 〈◊〉 . Thegn . Notes for div A17848-e63050 ●●eer . de Nat. Deorum lib. 2. Plutarch in Alexand●● . Gastellos . Velleius Paterculus . li. 1. Naturaliter quod procedere non potest , recedit . Notes for div A17848-e74950 Beda Eccl. hist . lib. 4. cap. 24. Notes for div A17848-e77870 Sub Stephano rege . * Money my honye . Macrobius . Plinius lib. 6. Epist . 10. & lib. 9. Epist . 19. Xiphilinus . 
A69015	----	An Englis[h] expositor[:] teaching the in[ter]pretation of the harde[st] words [vsed] in our language. With sundry [ex]plicat[ions, de]scriptions [, and d]iscourses. By I.B. ... J. B. (John Bullokar) 1621 Approx. 437 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 135 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2009-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A69015 STC 4084 ESTC S115630 99850848 99850848 16079 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A69015) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 16079) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1441:02) An Englis[h] expositor[:] teaching the in[ter]pretation of the harde[st] words [vsed] in our language. With sundry [ex]plicat[ions, de]scriptions [, and d]iscourses. By I.B. ... J. B. (John Bullokar) [224] p. Printed by Iohn Legatt, London : 1621. I.B. = John Bullokar. Signatures: A⁴ B-O P⁴. Imperfect; all after O5 lacking; some print faded and show-through, and some stained; title page mutilated, with some loss of print. Reproduction of the original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. 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Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Dictionaries. 2008-01 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2008-02 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2008-04 Robyn Anspach Sampled and proofread 2008-04 Robyn Anspach Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion AN ENGLISH EXPOSITOR : TEACHING THE INTERpretation of the hardest words vsed in our Language . WITH SVNDRY EXPLICATIONS , Descriptions , and Discourses . By I. B. Doctor of Physicke . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . LONDON Printed by IOHN LEGATT . 1621. TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE AND VERTVOVS , HIS SINGVLAR GOOD LADIE , THE LADIE IANE Vicountesse Mountague , all honour and happinesse . BEing perswaded ( Right Noble Lady ) by some friends , for publike benefit to make this collection of words common , which at first was intended only for priuate vse , ( as written in my youth , at the request of a worthy Gentleman , one whose loue preuailed much with me ) I could not find in heart to send it forth , no better furnished than with a bare Title ; least like an vnknowne Infant , it should be exposed to ouer hard vsage , or peraduenture scornefully reiected , aduenturing abroad without countenance of any friend or commander . Vpon sure knowledge therefore of your most honourable disposition , and former experience of your Ladyships fauour toward me , I am emboldned to present this little Pamphlet vnto your honour , with hope that by your Patronage it shall not onely be protected from iniuries , but also finde fauourable entertainment , and perhaps gracefully admitted among greatest Ladies & studious Gentlewomen , to whose reading ( I am made beleeue ) it will not proue altogether vngratefull . And although I may well be taxed of folly or presumption , that for credit of a slender trislle , craue the assistance of so eminent a person , yet such ( I confesse ) is my care thereof ( since I must not deny it for my owne ) and my duty and deuotion so affected to your honour , and all yours ; that I haue , ( hoping of your Ladiships pardon ) wilfully repelled all reasons which might disswade me , choosing herein not so much what may seeme most seemely , as what I suppose most behoouefull for me . Accept therefore I beseech your Honour , and receiue vnder your noble tuition this little vocabulary Treatise , which hauing beene many years restrained of liberty , is now glad of enlargement , especially recommended vnto so worthy a Patronesse . The glorious Sun loseth not the least point of his heighth by liberall lending downe his light , and quickning with his influence the lowest creatures ; neither is any eminency disgraced , that easily condescendeth to others desired good : which is also confirmed by the Poet , who saieth ; Conspicitur nunquam meliore potentia causa , Quàm quoties vanas non sinit esse preces . Not thinking needfull therfore to trouble your Honour with many words of entreaty ( vpon assured confidence of your wel known Charity and goodnesse ) I conclude , sincerely wishing to your Ladiship , the best that may be wished , and resting my selfe euer . Your Honours to be commanded , IO. BVLLOKAR . To the Courteous Reader . HEre haue you ( Gentle Reader ) that which at first was not made for you , though now willingly ( for your benefite if you embrace it ) offered to your kind acceptance . Commend it my selfe I will not , lest I should giue occasion to some quick heads , to come vpon me with the verse , Autor opus laudat , &c. Yet this I will say ( and say truely ) that in my yonger yeares it hath cost mee some obseruation , reading , study , and charge ; which you may easily beleeue , considering the great store of strange words , our speech doth borrow , not only from the Latine , and Greeke , ( and some from the ancient Hebrew ) but also from forraine vulgar Languages round about vs : beside sundry olde words now growne out of vse , and diuers termes of art , proper to the learned in Logicke , Philosophy , Law , Physicke , Astronomie , &c. yea , and Diuinitie it selfe , best knowen to the seuerall professors thereof . And herein I hope such learned will deeme no wrong offered to themselues or dishonour to Learning , in that I open the signification of such words , to the capacitie of the ignorant , whereby they may conceiue and vse them as well as those which haue bestowed long study in the languages ; for considering it is familiar among best writers to vsurpe strange words , ( and sometime necessary be reason ou● speech is not sufficiently furnished with apt termes to expresse all meanings ) I suppose withall their desire is that they should also be vnderstood ; which I ( knowing that bonum quò communius eo melius ) haue endeauoured by this Booke , though not exquisitely , yet ( I trust ) in some reasonable measure to performe . It is easier ( all know ) to find faults , then to mende them , and easier to mend faults in anothers worke already written , then to write any new worke free from all fault . If therefore any fault finder , or ouer curious Criticke ( for from the best learned I expect best vsage ) shall to shew his skill grow captious , and quarrell at my interpretations , I will desire him to forbeare bitternesse , and temper a while his choler , till hauing laide this worke aside , hee trauell himselfe in the same or some other new argument ; and then I doubt not but he will either become more indifferent , or giue others occasion to bid him English the olde Prouerbe , Medice cura teipsum . But as for you ( iudiciall or courteous Reader ) whose fauour I desire , and whose counsell or friendly correction I will not refuse , if to you ( I say ) any thing herein shall occurre , which seemeth by me omitted , mistaken , or not fully satisfactory to your expectation , ( for indeed there are almost slipt away seuen years since I had any leasure as much as to looke on it ) I promise that vpon warning hereof giuen to me or the Printer , at a second Impression it shall be amended or supplyed . Meanewhile vse this as you finde it , and I perswade my selfe your honesty will say it is worth the money you paide for it . So committing my selfe and Booke to your fauorable good liking , I commit you to God. From my house at Chicester in Sussex , this 17. day of October . 1616. Your hearty well-willer , Io : Bullokar . An Instruction to the Reader . HAue care to search euery word according to the true Orthography thereof , as for Phoenix in the Letter P. not in F. for Hypostaticall in Hy : not in Hi : Remember also that euery word marked with this marke * is an olde word , onely vsed of some ancient writers , and now growne out of vse . Lastly , if a word bee of different significations , the one easie , the other more difficult , I onely speake of interpretation of the hardest ; as in the words Tenne , Girle , Garter , may appeare . ABandon . To forsake : to cast off . Abate . To make lesse : In our common Law it signifieth , to enter into any inheritance , before the right heire take possession , with intent to keepe the said heire out of it . Abatement . The action or enterprise of him which abateth in the common Lawe . Abba . An Hebrewe word signifying Father . Abbert . To helpe or assist one in euill . Abbertour . Hee that counselleth or comforteth another to doe any euill . Abbot . A spirituall Lord ouer a religious house of Monkes . Abbreuiate To make short : to abridge . Abbreuiation . A making short , an abridgement . Abdicate . To refuse or forsake , to renounce . Abeston . A stone found in Arabia , of the colour of yron , which being once set on fire , can hardly bee quenched . Abiect . Vile , base , of no estimation . Abiure . To sweare or forsweare : a terme sometime vsed in Lawe , when one hauing committed a capitall offence flyeth to a Church , or Churchyard , and chooseth rather perpetuall banishment : viz. to abiure the Realme , then stand to tryall of Lawe . This Law was instituted by S. Edward the Confessour in fauour of life , but now is not in vse . Abiuration . A renouncing by oath : see Abiure . Ablepsie . Want of sight , blindnesse , vnaduisednesse . Ablution . A washing . Abolition . A taking away , destroying or abolishing . Abortion . The birth of a child before due time ; or the destroying in the mothers wombe . Abortiue . That which is vntimely borne . Abrahams Baume . A little tree of the kind of Withies growing in Italy , and other hot countreyes , bearing round fruit like Pepper cornes . It is very hot and drie ; and hath a singular propertie to procure chastitie , for which cause Phisitians haue named it Agnus castus . Abridge . To shorten , to cut off , to gather onely the principall points . Abrogate . To abolish : to disanull , by publike authoritie to alter and make a Law , which was in force , to be of no effect . Abrupt . Broken off . Abruptly . By peece-meale , out of order , without obseruing of due circumstance . Absolue . To pardon , acquite , or discharge . Absolute . Perfect : accomplished . Absolution . Pardon , acquitall , forgiuenesse . Abstinence . A forbearing from gluttony , or vnlawfull taking other mens goods . Abstinent . Sober , temperate , content with his owne . Abstract . A little booke , or gathering taken out of a greater . Abstraction . A taking away : or a short draught taken out of a greater thing . Abstruse . Hidden : secret , not easie to vnderstand . Absurde . Foolish , without any wit or grace . Absurditie . Foolishnesse . Abusiue . That which offereth abuse . Abisse . A bottomelesse pit , any deepnesse so great that it cannot bee sounded . Acatia . A little thorne growing in Egypt , out of the leaues and fruit whereof they draw a iuyce or blacke liquor , which being dryed , is called Acatia , and is very astrictiue or binding . Our Apothecaties haue not the right Acatia , but insteed thereof , they vse the iuice of sloes , beeing of the same vertue that Acatia is . Academie . A Vniuersitie or great publike schoole : the name hereof first came of a place in Athens , called Academia , where Plato taught . Academicall . Belonging to an Vniuersitie , or Academie . Academicke . A Philosopher of the sect of Plato . They acknowledged one God , and beleeued the immortality of soules ; Plato hauing learned many things of the Hebrewes , then the peculiar people of God. Accelerate . To hasten . Acceleration . A hastening . Accesse . Liberty or power to come to a place . Accessible . Which may be gone too . Accessory . He that counselleth or commandeth another to commit any offence : or comforteth , or hideth him , knowing that he hath committed an offence . Accident . That which happeneth by chaunce : sometime it signifieth that which belongeth to a thing , and yet is no part of the substance , as the quantity , quality , and such like . Accidentall . Happening by chance : or belonging to an Accident . Acclamation . A crying out to one . Accomodate . To make fit : to apply . Accoutrement . Attire , or dressing . Accoste . To drawe neere to one , Accrew . To grow , arise , or increase . Accumulate . To heape vp . Accumulation . A heaping together . Acerbity . Sowrenesse . Acheeue . To performe or bring to passe . Acolite . A Minister seruing to bring water , wine and light to the altar . Aconitum . A venemous herbe , hauing a root much like a Scorpion , and shining within like alabaster . Poets faine that Cerberus the three headed dogge of hell , being dregged vp in a chaine of Adamant by Hercules , did cast some of his fome vpon this herbe , whereby it became so venemous . Acquire . To gette , or procure . Acquisition . A getting or purchasing . Acquite . To discharge , or free one . Acquitall . A freeing of one from being guilty of an offence wherewith hee was charged . Action . A deede done : or the doing of any thing . In our common Lawe it signifieth a suite commenced against any man , and is commonly diuided into three differing kindes , viz. 1. Action personall . which is for debt , goods , cattell . 2. Action popular : which any man may sue , as vpon the breach of a penall statute , where some aduantage is allowed to him that will sue for it . 3. Action reall : when one claimeth title to any lands tenements , rents , or common , in fee simple , fee taile , or for terme of life . Actiue . Liuely , strong , nimble . Actiuity . Strong nimblenesse . Actor . A doer , sometime a Player . Actuall . That which is done or committed . Acute . Sharpe , witty . Adage . A prouerbe . Adamant . A precious stone commonly called a Diamond , brought out of Arabia and Cyprus . It is the hardest of all stones , insomuch that it cutteth glasse , and yieldeth neither to stroke of hammer nor fire , for which cause the Greekes name it Adamas , which in their tongue signifieth Inuincible : Notwithstanding it is softened with goates blood , beeing steeped therein new and warme . It is of contrary nature to the loadstone , in so much that beeing laide neere it , the loadstone can not draw yron , hauing the vertue thereof ouer mastered by the Adamant . Addict To apply , or giue ones selfe much to any thing . Additament . Any thing added . Addition . An adding or putting to . In our commō law it signifieth any title giuen to a man beside his name which title sheweth his estate , trade , course of life , and also dwelling place . Adhere . To cleaue to . Adherence . A cleauing to , or belonging to any thing . Adherent . That which cleaueth or ioyneth close to a thing . Adiacent . That which lyeth neere to another thing . Adiourne . To deferre or put off till another time . Adiournement . A terme in lawe when any Court is dissolued , and appointed to be kept vpon some other time , or at any other place . Adiunct . A qualitie ioyned to a thing , as heate to fire , coldnesse to Snow . Adiure . To binde by oath : to make one to sweare . Adiuration . A swearing , or binding by oath . Administer . To doe seruice : sometime to take charge and dispose of a dead mans goods , by appointment of the Ordinary . Administration . The doing or handling of a businesse ; or the disposing of a dead mans goods , that made no will. Administrator . Hee to whom the Ordinary committeth in charge the goodes of a man dying without will. Admire . To wonder , to honor or esteeme highly . Admiration . A wondering . Admission . A receiuing or giuing one leaue to enter . Admit . To let in , to allow of . Admixtion . A mingling of things together . Admonish . To warne . Admonishment . A warning giuen one . Adopt . To choose one to be his sonne . Adoption . The choosing and making one to bee as his sonne to him . Adore . To worship , to giue diuine reuerence . Adoration . A worshipping . Adorne . To decke , to set out , to beautifie . Adornation . A decking , or trimming . Aduent . A comming : Certaine weekes before Christmas are so called , because then is made in the Church solemne preparation for the comming of our Sauiour . Aduentaile . A coate of Armour . Aduerse . Contrary . Aduert . To marke . Aduertise . To giue knowledge of a thing . Adulacion . Flattery . Adulatory . Which flattereth . Adulterate . To corrupt or counterfeit . Aduocate . Hee that pleadeth for another . Aduouson . The right which a man & his heires haue to present a Clerke to the Ordinary , to be admitted to a spirituall benefice when it becommeth voide . Adust . Burnt , scorched . Adustion . A burning . Aedile . An officer among the auncient Romanes , who had charge to see the Temples , priuate houses & high waies , were kept in good reparation . Aegypan . A Poeticall word , signifying a monster hauing the body of a man and legs like a Goat . Aerie . A nest of haukes is so called . Aeriall . Ayrie , or of the aire . Affability . Courtesie in speech : gentlenes , kindnesse . Affable . Courteous or kind in speech . Affect . To loue : sometime to mooue affection . Affectation . Too much curiosity : an extreme labouring without discretion to imitate another , or doe any thing well . Affiance . Trust : confidence . Affianced . Betrothed . Affinitie . Kindred by marriage : sometime likenesse or agreement . Affirmatiue . Which affirmeth . Affluence . Plentie : aboundance . Affront . To come boldly before one : to looke boldly in ones face . Africa . One of three parts of the world , lying toward the South ; herein is Barbary and all Ethiope contained . The people of these countries liued in times past very vnciuilly , feeding much vpon serpents flesh : It is called Africa of the Greeke worke Phrice , which signifieth Colde : and the particle A. which in that language , being placed before a word , changeth the sense thereof ; so that Africa signifieth a country hotte or without cold . Agarick . A kind of mushrome or tadstoole of great account in Physicke . It groweth vpon the Larch tree in Italy , and is white , light , brittle , and spongeous . It expelleth colde fleame and grosse raw humours out of the body , opening obstructions of the Liuer , and by this meanes amendeth an euill colour . Agast . Amazed with feare ; dismaide . Agent . A dooer or a medler in a matter . Aggrauate . To make any thing in words more grieuous , heauier or worse then it is . Agilitie . Nimblenesse . Agitation . A shaking , iogging or moouing . Agnition . Knowledge : acknowledgement . Agnize . To acknowledg . Agnus castus . See Abrahams baume before . Agony . A torment of body and minde : great feare and trembling . Agriculture . Tillage of land : husbandry . Alabaster . A kinde of marble white and very cleare , which by reason of the naturall coldnes therof doth preserue things long from corruption ; and therefore they vsed to make boxes of it to keepe sweete ointments , and tombes to bury Princes and great Personages in . Alacritie . Cheerefulnesse ; courage , quickenesse . Alchymie . The art of melting or dissoluing the nature of mettals , by separating the pure from the impure parts thereof . Alchymist . Hee that is skilfull in Alchymie . Alcion . A small bind that maketh her nest in the sea , and then it is a signe of faire weather ; some call it a kings fisher . Alcoran . A booke wherein Mahomets law and religion is written . * Alderan A starre in the necke of the signe Leo. Algate . Notwithstanding : if so be , seeing that . Alien . A stranger borne , an outlandish man. Alienate . To estrange and withdraw the minde , sometime to sell . Alienation . An estranging , a selling away . Aliment . Nourishment . Alkakengi . Otherwise called winter cherries : An herb which beareth round berries and red , that are good against the stoppings of the Liuer , the stone and grauell , and diuers diseases of the kidneyes and bladder . Allay . To qualifie or abate the strength or violence of any thing . It is also a terme of hunting , when they set hounds in a readinesse where they thinke a Deere will passe , and cast themoss when the rest of the Kennell comes in . Allegation . A telling of some proofe or reason of a matter . Allegiance . Obedience of a subiect to his Prince . Allegorie . A sentence consisting of diuers tropes which must be vnderstood otherwise then the literall interpretation sheweth ; as when Saint Iohn Baptist speaking of our Sauiour , Matth. 3. said : Whose fanne is in his hand , and hee shall make cleane his floore , and gather the wheate into his barne but the chaffe he shall burne with vnquenchable fire : The meaning whereof is , that Christ being supreme Iudge of all , shall separate the good from the euill , rewarding the one in heauen , and punishing the other in hell fire . Allegoricall . Of , or belonging to an allegorie : spoken by an allegorie . Alleluia . An Hebrew word or rather two Hebrewe words ioyned in one , vsed as a signe of exultation , and is interpreted , Prayse ye our Lord. Paulus Diaconus writeth , that when the Britaine 's were inuaded by the Saxons and Picts , and on a time ready to fight a battell against them , they were admonished by Germanus a French Bishop , ( who was sent hither with Saint Lupus to confute the Pelagian heresie ) that they should doe as he did ; and forthwith he cryed aloude Alleluia : which when the whole armie of Britaines had done , the sound thereof strooke such a terrour into the enemies , that they presently fledde away , whereby the Britaines had the victorie . De gestis Rom. lib. 15. Allie . Of kinne to one by marriage . Alliance . Kindred and affinitie , league or friendship . Allot . To appoint , or giue by lotte . Allude . To speake any thing which hath resemblance , or priuily is directed to touch another matter . Allusion . A likening or priuie resembling of one matter to another . See Allude . * Alnath A starre in the hornes of the signe Aries . Aloes , or Lignum Aloes . A precious wood vsed in Phisicke , which comforteth the heart , & openeth obstructions . It is knottie , browne of colour , and bitter in taste . Being burned it fometh , and yeeldeth a sweete perfume . Some affirme it to growe vpon mountaines in the East , neere the rising of the famous Riuer Nilus , from which mountaines falling downe , it is carried by the streame into India , where being taken vp in nets , it is cleansed , and made apt for physicke . Aloesuccotrina . The iuyce of an herbe brought hither dry out of India ; the best whereof is cleere , cleane and red , like to the colour of a lyuer . It is very bitter , but an excellent medicine to purge cholericke humours out of the stomack ; yet not good to bee taken inwardly of such as are troubled with the Hemorrhoides . Alpha. The first letter of the Greekes : wherefore it is sometime taken for the first or chiefe in any thing . Alphabet . The crosserow of letters , the A , B , C. Alphabeticall . Belonging to the Alphabet . Alps. High mountaines between France and Lombardie : the rockes whereof Hannibal ( the great Captaine of the Carthaginians ) softened in diuers places with fire and vineger , to cut out away for his army to passe into Italy . Altercation . An angry reasoning or wrangling in words . Alternall . Done by turne or course , one after another . Altitude . Highth . Amate . To dismay : to make afraid . Amazon . A woman of the Country Amazonica . Amazones were warlike women of Scythia , which kept a Countrey to themselues without men , yet to haue children companied with the bordering people . Their Sonnes they either destroyed or sent home to the father , but their daughters they kept , bringing them vp in hunting , riding , shooting and feates of armes . They burned the right breast of their children , lest it should hinder their archerie , wherefore they had the name Amazons , which ( in Greeke ) signifieth women wanting a breast . Ambage . A long circumstance of words . Amber . A kinde of hard yellow gumme , wherwith they make beades , Mesue saith , the tree whereon it groweth is called Ibex Romana ; but what this tree is , I cannot yet learne . Dioscorides saith , that it falleth in maner of a liquor from Poplar trees into the riuer Po in Italy , where it congealeth and becommeth hard , in that forme as wee see it . Ambergrise . Mesue saith , it is the spawne of the Whale fish : Auicen affirmeth it to grow in the sea . Others write onely , that it is cast vp on the shore , and found cleauing to stones there : the fume thereof is good against the falling sicknesse , and comfortable to the braine . Ambia . A clammy liquor of the colour of hony , brought out of India . It is said to haue great vertue in healing old aches or griefes , proceeding from cold diseases . Ambidexter . He that can vse both hands alike , a crafty fellow , that can play on both parts . Ambiguity . Doubtfulnesse . Ambiguous . Doubtfull , vncertaine . Ambition . Vnlawfull , or immoderate desire of soueraignty . Ambrosie . A sweet shrub or little tree , wherewith some people were wont to make Garlands . In poetry it vsually signifieth the meat of the heathen gods . It is sometime taken for immortality . Ambulatorie . A place to walke in . Ambuscado . A company of Souldiours , hid in some wood or other couert , to entrappe their enemies vnawares . Amenity . Pleasantnesse , delectablenesse . Amerce . To punish one by enioyning him to pay a certaine small summe of money , at the discretion of him that lawfully commandeth it . Amercement . A punishment by the purse : See Amerce . Amethist . A precious stone of a purple colour , fit to graue any thing in , because it is not ouerhard . It with standeth drunkennes , as the name in Greek signifieth . Amiable . Louely . Amitie . Friendshippe , loue . Ammowacke . A kinde of gum almost like to Frankincense , so called because it groweth in Lybia , neere the place where the Temple of Ammon was . There is also a kind of salt so called , which is found in Africa , vnder sand , & is like vnto allume . Amorous . Louing , or giuen to loue . Amphiboly . A speech hauing a doubtfull sence , or which may be taken diuers manner of wares . Amphibologie . The same that Amphibole is . Amphiscians . Such people as dwell vnder the burning Zone , neere the Equinoctiall line , so called because their shadowes at noone are sometimes towards the North , sometimes toward the South . Amphitheater . A place hauing seats and scaffolds in it , vsed among the old Romanes to shew spectacles and strange sights in , Offenders condemned to dye , and Prisoners taken in warre , were often brought to this place to fight and bee deuoured by wilde beastes , the people sitting in safe places aboue , and inhumanely sporting themselves thereat : Also the Gladiatours or the Sword players did fight here . Ample . Large , great . Amplifie . To enlarge . Amplification . An enlarging . Amplitude . Largenesse , greatnesse . Amulet . Any thing hanged about the neck , to preserue one from inchauntment . Anagramme . An inuention that by altering the places of the letters of ones ●●me , changeth the word , and turneth it to some other sence , as if for Iohn , one would write , Honi : there beeing iust the same letters in them both . Analogie . Proportion , agreement , or likenesse of one thing to another . Analysis . A resolution or explicating of an intricate matter . Anarchie . Lacke of gouernment : all the time when the people is without Prince or Gouernour . Anathema . Any thing hanged vp in a Church , as an offering to God : sometime it signifiethexcommunication ; or a man excommunicated and deliuered to the power of the diuell . Anathematize . To hang vp a thing as consecrated to God : sometime to curse sweare , or betake to the diuell . Anatomie . An incision or cuting . The art of knowing the situation , office , and nature all the parts of mans body . Anatomize . To cut and search euery part . Anchouie . A Spanish fish lesse then our Spratte , preserued in pickle , and vsed by Gallants to draw down drinke . Anchoresse . A religious woman that liueth solit by in some close place by her selfe . Anchorite . A religious man liuing solitary alone in some close place . Angelicali . ● Like an Angell . Angle . A corner . Anguish . Griefe of mind : vexation . August . Streight , narrow . Animaduersion . A marking . Animate . To encourage : to harten on . Anime . A white gumme or rosin brought out of the West Indies : It is verie pleasant in smel , and being cast into the fire cōsumeth very quickly . Animositie . Courage . Annals . Chronicles of things done from yeare to yeare . Annats . First fruits paid of a spirituall liuing . Annex . To knit or ioin to . Annihilate . To make void , or bring to nothing . Aniuersary . A solemnitie kept euery yeare at a set time . Annotation . A note , mark , or exposition made vpon any writing . Annuall . Yearely . Annuitie . A yearly payment of mony ●o one , not in way of rent , but vpon some other occasion . Annull . so make voide . Annunciate . To tell or declare . Antagonist . An enemie : an aduersary . Antartike Pole. The south pole of the world . Antecedent . That which goeth before . Antheme . See Antiphone . Antichrist . An aduersary to Christ : It is compounded of the Greeke preposition Anti , and Christus , which signifieth contrary or against Christ . Anticipate . To preuent : to take before another . Anticipation . A preuenting ; or taking before . Antidate . The dating of a letter or other writing on some day already past . Antidote . A medicine against poyson , or which serueth to amend any distemperature of the body . Antike worke . A work in painting or caruing , of diuers shapes of beasts , birds flowers , &c. vnperfectly mixt and made one out of another . Antimony . A white stone found in siluer mines . Antipathie . A contrariety or great disagreement of qualities . Antiperistasis . A terme vsed in Philosophy , when heat being kept in by cold waxeth the stronger in it selfe , or cold kept in by heate , groweth more vehement . Antiphone . Any verse or litle sentēce , which church men do by course sing one after another . Antipodes . People vnder vs that goe with their feet toward ours . Antique . Old , ancient . Antiquary . One studious in matters of antiquity , or well acquainted in old Histories . Antiquate . To make old , or of no account . Antithesis . A contrariety of things placed against other ; as the spokes be in a wheele . Antlier . The lower branch of a Harts horne . Anxietie . Carefulnesse , sadnesse . Anxious . Carefull : sad . Aphorisme . A short sentence , briefely expressing the properties of a thing : or which serueth as a maxime or principle to guide a man to any knowledge , specially in Philosophie and Phisicke . Apocalypse . A diuine book written by Saint Iohn Euangelist , while he was banished in the I le Pathmos : so called because it conteineth many profound mysteries there reuealed vnto him . In English it signifieth a Reuelation . Apocrypha . That which is hidden and not knowne , Doubtfull . Apocynon . A little bone in the left side of a Frog , of great vertue as some thinke . Apogeon . A terme in Astronomy , signifying the farthest distance of Planet from the earth . Apologie . A defence : a speech or written answere made in iustification of any person . Apologicall . That which is spoken in defence . Apophthegme . A short quick sentence worthy the noting . Apoplexie . A very dangerous disease wherin a man lyeth without sense or motion , as if hee were dead , with his eyes close , and great difficulty in fetching his breath . It commeth for the most part of colde and grosse flegmaticke humors , oppressing the brain in such sort that animall spirits , cannot passe from thence into the sinewes , as they were wont . Apostasie . A reuolting or falling away from true religion . Apostata . He that reuolteth or falleth from true religion : Iulianus one of the olde Emperours was most infamous for this crime . Apostaticall . Of or belonging to an Apostata . Apostle . One sent in message : an Embassadour . Apostolicall . Of or belonging to an Apostle . Apozeme . A drinke made with water and diuers spices and herb , vsed insteed of sirupes . Appall . To make afraid . Apparent . Cleare , manifest , certaine . Appariter . A sumner : he that attacheth or summoneth one to appeare at a Court. Apparition . An appearing : or vision . Appeach . To accuse : disclose , or bewray . Appeale . A terme in law , when a malefactour accuseth or discloseth those that were his confederates in the same offence or any other . Also when the defendant refuseth a Iudge , and desireth to haue his cause tryed by a superiour power , he is said then to appeale : as Saint Paul appealed from Festus to Caesar the Emperour . Appellant . He which appealeth . Appellation . A naming or calling . Appendix . That which dependeth or hangeth vpon another thing . Appertenances . That which appertaineth or belongeth to another thing . Applaude . To shew loue or liking to a thing , by clapping the hands , or other signe of reioycing . Applause . A reioycing or clapping the hands for ioy . Application . An applying of one thing to another . Apposition . A putting of one thing to another . Approbate . To like , to allowe . Approbation . An allowance , or liking . Appropriate . To challenge to ones selfe : to k●epe to himselfe alone . Appropriation . A terme vsed when any body corporate , or priuate man , hath the right vnto a parsonage in themselues , and may receiue the profite thereof , by maintaining a Vicar to serue in the place . Arbiter . A iudge in a controuersie , chosen indifferent for both parties . Arbiterment . An agreement made betweene parties , by an indifferent man to them both . Arbitrary . Belonging to arbiterment . Arbitrate . To iudge , to make an agreement . Arbitratour . See Arbiter . * Arblaster . A Crosse-bow . Architect . A chiefe workman . Architecture . The art or Science of building and comely cōtriuing a house . It is written that this Science did beginne in Caine , because hee was the first that euerbuilt a city , which hee called by his sonnes name Enoch , as appeareth , Gen 4. Ardent . Burning hot : Vehement . Ardour . Heat : earnestnes . Argent . Siluer or siluer colour : sometime white . Argonautes . The Worthies that went into Colthos to fetch the golden Fleece ; so called of the shippe Argo in which they sailed . The chiefe of them were Iason , Typhis , Castor , Pollux , Hercules and Theseus . Ariditie . Drinesse . Ariopagite . A Lawyer or chiefe Iudge in Capitall matters in the Citie of Athens : so called of a certaine street in that citie dedicated to Mars , in which those Iudges were wont to sit . They were so seuere in their iudgements , that they sate to heare and determine matters in the night time , to the end they would not behold the parties which were to be iudged , but onely heare what could be obiected and answered . Saint Dionisius conuerted to the Christian faith by Saint Paul , was one of those iudges . Aristocritie . A kinde of gouernment , where the noble men , or chiefe persons beare all the sway . Aristocraticall . Of or belonging to Aristocritie . Arithmetike . The art of numbring : It is written that Abraham first taught this art to the Egyptians , and that afterward Pythagoras did much increase it . Arke . In holy Scripture it signifieth two things : First , The Arke made by Noe at the commandement of God , which was 300. cubits long : 50 , cubits broad , and 30. high : Gen. 6. Secondly , it signifieth a most precious and consecrated cofer or chest , called the Arke of testament , made of the wood Sethim , and plated within and without all ouer with gold : It had foure corners , and in each corner a golden ring , thorough which were put barres of the same wood Sethim , couered likewise with gold , which serued for the carriage thereof . This Arke was two cubits and a halfe long , one cubit and a halfe broad , and one cubit & a half deepe . Exod. 25. In it was kept part of the Manna in a pot of gold , also the two Tables of the Law , and Aarons rod that had budded : Heb. 9. Armadilio . A beast in India of the bignesse of a yong pigge , couered ouer with small shels like vnto armour ; for which cause he is called Armadilio , to wit , an armed beast . This beast liueth in the ground like a mole , and the bone of his taile hath vertue to cure diseases and noise in the head . Armipotent . Mightie , strong . Aromaticall . Sweete of sauour : smelling like spice . Arrerages . Mony or rent behind , not yet paide . Arrian . An heretike of the sect of Arrius Bishop of Alexandria , who deuised a blasphemous doctrine against the diuinitie of our Sauiour . Arride . To please well , to content with delight . Arrogancie . Pride , loftines . Arrogant . Proud , boasting . Arrogate . To chalenge , proudly more honour or praise then is due . Arterie . A veine with two coates , or a hollow sinew in which the spirits of life doe passe through the body . These kind of veines proceed all from the heart , where the vitall spirits are made , and are those which pant or beate , called commonly the pulses . Articulate . To set downe articles or conditions of agreement . Artificial . Cunning , well contriued , skilfull . Articke pole . The North pole of the world . Artillery . Great ordnance for the warres . Artisan . A handy crafts man. Artist . Hee that is skilfull in any art . Asafoetida . A dried gum or liquor , brought out of Media and Syria , of a strong loathsome fauour ; and is sometime applyed outwardly to the body . Ascance . Sidewaies , or looking on one side . Ascribe . To impute , apply , or account . Asia One of the three parts of the world bounding toward the East , in which is Pontus , Bithynia , Phrygia , Paphlagonia , Cappadocia , Armenia , Cyprus , Syria , Palestine , or the holy land , Arabia , Mesopotamia , ( so called because it is in the midst betweene the two great riuers , Tygris and Euphrat●s ) Assyria , Media , Persia , and diuers other countries . Aspe . A venemous serpent of a blacke earthie colour and sometime yellow . The superstitious Egyptians did honor them , and their Kings vsed to weare the figure of an aspe in their Diadems . They go alwaies two and two together , and if it happen that one of them be killed , the other will presently pursue him that slue his fellow , in such sort that he shal hardly escape , vnlesse hee make great hast or passe ouer a riuer . If one bee bitten by this serpent , the best remedy is presently to cutte off the member so bitten , if it be Possible ; otherwise hee shall fall into a deadly sleep , & within few houres goe away as it were in a trance , Cleopatra Queene of Egypt , after the death of Marcus Antonius ( whō she loued as her husband ) slue her selfe wilfully , by applying one of these asps to her body ; because she would not bee carryed in triumph to Rome , by Augustus Caesar , who had vanquished her and Antonie . Aspect . Sight or the beholding of any thing . In Astronomy it signifieth the distance betweene the planets & heauenly signes And there are foure such Aspects . The first called a Trine aspect ( because it diuideth the heauens into three euen partes ) is the distance of foure signes from each other ; as Aries beholdeth Leo , and Sagittarius with a Trine aspect , because these are distant foure signes , the one before , the other after Aries . The second called a Quartill , is the distance of three signes , as Aries beholdeth Cancer and Capricorne , with a Quartill aspect , because they are distant three signes from him . The third called a Sextill aspect , is the distance of two signes , as Aries beholdeth Gemini and Aquarius with this Sextill aspect , beeing but two signes distant from them . The fourth called an Opposite aspect , is the farthest distance that can be , namely a distance of sixe signes asunder ; as Aries beholdeth Libra with this opposite aspect , and Libra beholdeth Aries with the same . The like is of all the other signes , or Planets placed in them , For example ; Taurus beholdeth Cancer and Pisces with a Sextill , Leo and Aquarius with a Quartill . Virgo and Capricorne with a Trine , and Scorpio with an opposite aspect . The distance of one or fiue signes is not called an Aspect . Asperity . Sharpnesse . Aspersion . A sprinkling . Aspire . To hope to come to a thing : to seek aduancement . Aspiration . A breathing , or pronouncing the letter H. before a vowell . Assasinate . A Tobbing , spoiling , or murthering in the high way . Assecure . To make one sure or certaine , to giue one assurance . Assentation . Flattery . Assertion . An affirming or auouching of any thing Assets . A terme in the Common Lawe , when wee would signifie that a man hath goods enough come to his hands , to discharge a dead mans debts or legacies giuen by him . Asseueration . An earnest affirming . Assiduitie . Continuance , or continuall attendance . Assigne . To appoint : also one that is appointed in anothers behalfe . Assignation . An appointment . Assignement . An appointing or passing of a thing ouer to another . Assistant . A helper . Associate . To accompany . Association , A ioyning together in fellowship . Assoile . To acquite , cleere , or pardon . Assume . To take to himselfe . Assumpsit . When one for some consideration giuen him , vndertaketh any thing . Assumption . A lifting or taking vp . Astipulation . An affirming ; an agreement . Astriction . A binding . Astrictiue . Which hath power to binde . Astringent . The same that Astrictiue is . Astrolabe . An instrument of Astronomie to gather the motion of the Starres by . Astrologie . See Diuination . Astrologer . One skilfull in Astrologie . Astronomie . An art that teacheth the knowledge of the course of the planets & Starres . This art seemeth to be very ancient , for Iosephus : lib. prim . Antiq writeth , that the Sons of Seth , Nephewes to Adam ( for Seth was Adams sonne , did first find it out : who hearing their grandfather Adā foretell of the vniuersall flood which should shortly drowne the world , they thereupon erected two great pillars , engrauing in the principles of Astronomie ; which pillars were the one of bricke , the other of stone ; because if the water shold haply wash away the brick , yet the stone might preserue the knowledge hereof for posterity . Astronomicall Belonging to Astronomy . Atcheuement . A terme of Heraldry , signifying the armes of any Gentleman set out fully with all that belongeth to it . Also the performance of any great matter . Atheisme . The damnable opinion of the Atheist . Atheist . He that wickedly beleeueth there is no God or no rule of religion . Atomic . A more flying in the sunne , Any thing to small , that it cannot bee made lesse . Atrocitie . Cruelty : outragiousnesse . Attache . To take : to lay hands on . Attainder . A conuiction or prouing one guilty of a capitall offence . Attaynt . Conuicted or prooued guilty of some great crime . Attentiue . Diligently harkening . Attestation . A witnessing . Attired . A terme vsed among Heralds , when they haue occasion to speake of the hornes of a Bucke or Stagge . Attract . To draw or pul to . Attraction . A drawing or pulling too . Attractiue . Drawing or which hath vertue to draw . Attrectation . A handling or seeling . Attribute . To giue to , or impute . It signifieth sometime a fit title or terme applyed to any thing . Attrition . Sorrow , repentance . Atturny . He that by mutual consent taketh charge of any other mans businesse . Atturnement . The paying of any small piece of mony by a Tenant , in token that he acknowledgeth the party to whom he payeth it , to bee now his Landlord . Auarice . Couetousnesse . Aucupation . Hunting after a thing . Audacious . Bold , hardy . Audacitie . Boldnesse . Audible . That which is so spoken that it may bee heard . Auditor . An Officer of accounts : it is often taken for a hearer . Audience . A hearing or hearkening : sometime it signifieth an assembly of people harkening to some thing spoken . Auerre . To iustifie , auouch or maintain a thing Auerment . A terme in Law when one offereth to prooue that his plea is good . Auersion . A turning away , a disliking . Auert . To turne away . Augment . To increase . Augmentation . An increasing . Augur . See Diuination . Auiditie . Greedinesse . Auowable . That which one may iustifie and maintaine . Auow . To iustifie or maintaine . Auowrie . A Law terme , when a Bayliffe or other Officer , auoweth or iustifieth the lawfull taking of a distresse from any man. Auricular . Spoken in ones care . Auripigmentum . Sec Orpment . Aurora . The morning . Auspicious . Lucky : fortunate . Austere . Sharpe , seuere , cruell . Austeritie . Sharpnesse , hard vsage . Authenticall . That which is vndeniable , and approoued of all men . Authentike . The same as Authenticall Autumne . Haruest time : one of the foure quarters of the yeare ; the other three are winter , spring-tide , and sommer . Autumnal . Of , or belonging to Autumne . Axiome . A proposition or short sentence generally allowed to be true ; as in saying , the whole is greater than a part . It signifieth also in Logicke , any perfect sentence , that affirmeth or denyeth a thing , as in saying , Caesar is mercifull , or Caesar is not mercifull . * Aye . For euer . Azymes . A solemnity of seuen dayes among the Iewes , in which it was not lawfull to eate leauened bread : the Pasche or Ester of the Iewes . Azure , A fine blew colour . B BAboone . A beast much like an Ape , but greater . Bacchanals . The feasts of Bacchus . Badger . He that buyeth corne or victuall in one place , to carry into another . It is also a beast of the bignesse of a young Hog , liuing in the woods , commonly called a Brock . * Bale . Sorrow : great miserie . Balase . Grauell or any thing of weight laid in the bottome of ships to make them goe vpright . Balefull . Sorrowfull . Balke . A little peece of ground in earable lands which by mischance the Plough slippeth ouer , so that it is not ploughed at all Ballon . The round Globe or top of a pillar . Balme . A precious iuyce or liquor , otherwise called Balsamum , or Opobalsamum . It droppeth by cutting out of a little lowe plant ( about a yard high ) hauing leaues like Rue , but whiter , which plant groweth in Egypt , and some places of the holy Land. This iuice is somewhat like to oyle , but more clammie , and inclining to a certaine rednesse . It hath a strong smell , and is not pleasant in taste : Being put into a vessell of water it will sinke downe to the bottome like a round pearle , without breaking and may bee taken vp againe with the point of a knife . It is an excellent medicine to take any scar out of the body , and for diuers other purposes , but very costly and rarely gotten . Saladinus writes that there was but one vineyard of these in the whole world , and that belonged to the great Turke . Balnco . A bathe . Balsanium . See Balme . Baptisme . It commonly signifieth a dipping or washing . Baptist . A washer . S. Iohn the sonne of Zacharias was so called , for that hee first began to Baptize or wash men in the riuer of Iordan to the remission of sinnes . Barbarisme . Rudenesse in speech , or behauiour , outragious crueltie . * Bardes . Poets . * Bargaret . A kinde of dance . Barrester . He that is allowed to pleade causes at the barre . Barretter . A common quarreller : one that is euer suing and molesting others without cause . Barricado . A warlike defence , of emptie Barrels , and such like vessels , laide at the breach of a wall to keepe out the enemies . Barriers , A warlike exercise of men fighting together with short swords , and within some appointed compasse . Barter . To bargaine or exchange commodities for commodities . Base . In Architecture it signifieth the foote of a pillar , or the foundation that supporteth any thing . Basiliske . Otherwise called a Cockatrise : the most venemous serpent that is . It breaketh stones and blasteth all plants with the breath thereof , burning euery thing that it goeth ouer ; neither can any herbe growe neere the place where it lyeth . It is poyson to poyson , and driueth away all other serpents , with only hissing . If a man touch it but with a sticke , it will kill him , and if it see a man a farre off , it destroyeth him with his lookes . This serpent is not aboue a foote long , of colour between black & yellow , hauing red eye , a very sharpe head , and a white spot thereon like a crowne wherefore he is called by some in Latine Regulus , viz. a little king . It goeth not winding like other serpents , but vpright vnto the middle , holding vp the brest thereof . It breedeth onely in the hot burning sands of Africa : Of this Basiliske the Poet Lucane writeth thus , lib. 9. Sibilaque effundens cunctas terrentia pestes . Ante venena nocens , late sibi submouet omne Vulgus , & in vacua regnat Basiliscus arena . With deadly hisse the Basiliske , all other plagues doth fright . And speedier kils then poisons can , with his infectious sight . Hee le haue no neighbour dwell neere him , he loues to liue alone . And tyrantlike reignes by himselfe , in caue of sandy stone . Bassae . A noble man , or great Commander vnder the great Turke . Bastinado . A staffe : a cudgell . Baston . A staffe , or cudgell : sometime it signifieth an officer of the Fleet , attending in the kings Court , with a red staffe , to conuey such to ward as are there committed . Battry . A beating or striking . Baubee . A small coine : a farthing . * Baine . A Bathe . Bdellium . A Gumme brought out of Arabia , and the Holy land , of a sweete smell and bitter taste . It hath vertue to mollifie and ripen hard swellings , and is good against the stiffenesse of sinewes or other parts , and against the biting of venemous beasts . Beades of Saint Elline . Certaine round roots brought out of Florida , which being drie are very hard , on the outside blacke , and inwardly white : of a sweet smell and good taste . They are of great vertue against griefs of the stomack , as also of the kidnies or reines . Beame . The maine horne of a hart or Stagge . Beatitude Blessednesse . Beauer . In armour it signifieth that part of the helmet which may bee lifted vp , to take breath the more freely . It is also a beast of very hotte nature , liuing much in the water . His two forefeete are like the feete of the beast called Gattus , ( as Ioannes de Sancto amando writeth : ) but what this Gattus is , I doe not well vnderstand , onely I suppose it to be an Otter . Vpon these feete hee hath very sharpe clawes , wherewith hee taketh his prey , and hangeth vpon water bankes . His hinder feet are made like to the foot of a Goose , wherewith hee swimmeth . Hee hath very sharpe teeth , and doeth much harme to trees , with knawing the rootes and ryndes of them . It is written that if a Beauer come into a strange place , where hee hath not beene bred , the other Beauers will make him their slaue , to prouide them meate , and pull off all the haire from his backe that hee may be knowne . The stones of this beast are sold in Apothecaries shoppes , by the name of Castoreum : they are much vsed in Physick , beeing very good against palsies and cold diseases of the sinewes : But the skin is of more valew then the stones . Beeglue . That which Bees doe make at the entry of their hiue , to keepe out cold . Beestings . The first milke that commeth from the Teate , after the birth of any thing . Belial . An Hebrew word signifying a wicked naughty person . An Apostata ; one without yoke , and is many times taken for the diuell . * Beliue . By and by , anon . Bellona . Warre , or the goddesse of Warre among the heathen . Belt. A girdle . Belzebub . An Hebrew word compounded of Bel , which in that language signifieth an Idoll , and Zebub , a Fly : so that Belzebub signifieth the Idoll of Flies : notwithstanding commonly it is taken for the diuell . Benediction . A blessing . Benefactor . A friend , one that doth good . Benificence . A dooing good . Beneficent . Liberall , louing . Beneuolence . Good will. Beneuolent . Louing , friendly , well wishing . Benigne Friendly , gentle , fauourable . Benignity . Friendlinesse : liberty , courtesie . * Benison . A blessing . Benz vine . A sweet smelling gumme , good against hoarsenesse and the cough beeing dissolued in water and drunken . It hath many other excellent properties to be vsed in Physick . The tree vpon which it groweth is not with vs certenly knowne . Berill . A precious stone brought out of India , cut most commonly with sixe corners , because otherwise it would not shew so faire , if the sticking out of the corners did not make the brightnesse more manifest . It is of a greenish colour , like the water of the sea . Beastiall . Beastly : dishonest . Bestiality . Beastlinesse . Beuie . A heard of row Buckes : most commonly with vs it signifieth , a great number of Quails in company . Beuie greace . The fat of a row Deere . Bezar stone . A stone of excellent vertue against poyson , very costly and of great account in Physick . It is commonly of the bignesse of an A corne or Chestnut , being compoūded of certain thin scales , one vpon another , like the scales of an Onion . It is easie to bee scraped or cutte , and if it continue long in water , it melteth . The middle part is something hollow , and full of powder of the same substance that the stone is of . And this is a marke to know whether the stone bee fine and true : for the Indians doe counterfeite them sometimes and deceiue many . This stone it taken out of the bowels of a beast in India , much like a Hart , sauing that his hornes are like a goates . The occasion of the growing of these stones ( as some write ) is thus . These Harts of wilde Goates ( for they resemble both ) going to the dennes of Serpents in those countries , doe with their breathing compell them to come forth , and then eate them : after they goe whereas water is , and plunge themselues therein vntil they perceiue the furie of the venome be past , and till then they will not drinke a droppe : beeing come foorth of the water , they goe into the fields , where feeding vpon many healthfull hearbs ( knowne to them by naturall instinct to bee of vertue against poyson ) they are perfectly freed from all danger ; and by the mixture of these herbs with the Serpents eaten before , these Bezar stones are very strangely ( as is saide ) ingendered within them : growing by little and little , as appeareth by the scales thereof one folded vpon an other . Bezill . The broad part of a ring , in which the stone or signet is set . Bice . A sine blew colour vsed by painters . Bigamie . The marriage of two wiues ; not both together , but seuerally after the death of the first . Bigamus . Twice married , hee that hath had two wiues . Such an one the Romish Church admitteth not to the Ministerie . Bipartite . Diuided in two parts . Birgandes . A kinde of wilde goose . Bissextile . Leape yeare , so called , because the sixt Calends of March are in that yeare twice reckoned : viz. on the 24. and 25. of February , so that leape yeare hath one day more then other yeares haue . This leape yeare is obserued euery fourth yeare , & was first deuised by Iulius Caesar to accommodate or make the yeare agree with the course of the sunne . Bitumen . A kind of clay , naturally clāmy like pitch , growing in some countries of Asia . It was of old vsed in Physicke : The best is heauy , bright , and cleere , of purple colour , and hauing a strong smell . The black is accounted naught . This Bitumen was vsed in stead of morter , at the building of the tower of Babel , as appeareth in Gen. cap. 11. There is also a kind of Bitumen , like vnto a liquor , flowing out of some fountaines in the yland Sicilie , which is vsed in stead of oyle to burne in lampes . Blankemanger A custard . Blemishes . Markes made by hunters , to shew where a deere hath gone in . Blend . To mixe or mingle together . Blewmantle . The name of an office of one of the Purseuants at armes . * Blith . Merry , frolicke , ioyfull . Blomarie . The first forge , through which the yron passeth , after it is once melted out of the myne . Bloodstone . A stone growing in Ethiopia and Arabia ; of nature astrictiue , stopping any issue of bloud , and eating proud flesh out of wounds . It is of a dark colour , like vnto congealed blood . Bole armoniacke . A reddish stone like to ruddle , of a very binding nature , and of great vertue against the plague . Bonayre . Gentle , milde , curteous . Bone breaker . A kinde of Eagle , hauing so strong a beake , that therewith shee breaketh bones . Bolus . A medicine which must be eaten : a mouthful . Bonnet . A hat or cap. Boone . A request , a suite , a demand ; sometime it signifieth good : as a boone companion , a good companion . Boras . A white substance like vnto saltpeter , wherewith goldsmiths vse to solder gold and siluer : some write it is the gumme of a tree , which is very vnlikely : others affirme it to bee made of old lees of oyle , by art and drying in the Sun brought to be white ; notwithstanding I suppose it rather to be a minerall . Boreas . The Northeast winde . Braces . In building it signifieth the peeces of timber , which bend forward on both sides , and beare vp the rafters . Brachmans . A sect of philosophers in India , that liued onely by hearbes , rootes , and fruite . Brachygraphic . A short kinde of writing , as a letter for a word . Braket . A drinke made of water and hony . Brandish . To shake , properly a sword or such like weapon . Braynsicke . Mad , foolish , furious . * Bretfull . Top full . Breuitie . Shortnesse . Brigandine . A coate of defence . Brigantine . A kinde of small light ship . Brime . A terme vsed among hunters when the wilde Boare goeth to the female . Brocage . Meanes vsed by a spokesman . Broches . The first head or hornes of a Hart or Stagge . Brocke . See Badger . Brocket . A red Deere two yeere old . Brothell . A house of dishonestie . Brothelrie . Dishonestie , bawderie . Bruite . A report spread abroad . Brumall . Of or belonging to winter . Brute . Beastly , barbarous . Brutish . The same . Brutishnesse . Beastlinesse , barbarous behauiour . Budge . A furre of a kinde of Kid in other countries . Buffe . A Beast like a Bull , with a very long mane ; This beast breedeth in the woods of Germany . Bugle . The same that buffe is : sometime a blacke horne . Bullion . Siluer vnrefined , not yet made in money . Burdon . A deepe base . Burganet . A Helmet , a Head-peece . Burglarie . The breaking and entring into a house by night , with intent to steale or kill . Burnet . A hood or attire for the head . Burnish . To make a thing to glister or looke faire by rubbing it . It is also a terme among hunters , when Harts spread their hornes , after they be fraied or new rubbed . * Burled . It sometimes signifieth Armed . Burlie . Grosse , fat , great . Burre . The round rolle of horne , next the head of a Hart. Bursholder . A Headborough , or officer in a borough . Buttresses . Staies for to beare vp any building , or make it strong . Buxome . Pliant , amiable , obedient . Buxomnes . Lowlinesse , humblenesse . C CAbal . The tradition of the Iewes doctrine of religion . Cabalist . One skilfull in the doctrine of the Iewes religion . Cachos . An hearbe of red colour , growing in India , which is of vertue against the stone , and to prouoke vrine . Cadence . The falling of the voice . Calaber . A little gray beast of the bignesse of a Squirrell , whose skinne is vsed for furre . Calamarie . A fish which hath his head between his hinder part and his belly , with two bones , one like a knife , the other like a quil , whereof hee is called by some a Curle fish . Calcinate . To burne . Calcine . To burne . Calcination . A burning , a turning into ashes . Calculate . To cast account , to reckon . Calculation . An account , a reckoning . Calends . It signifieth properly , the first day of euery moneth , being spoken alone by it selfe . If Pridie be placed before it , then it signifieth the last day of the moneth going before , as Pridie Calend. Ianuarij . is the last day of December . If any number hee placed with it , it signifieth that day in the former moneth , which commeth so much before the moneth named ; as the tenth Calends of March is the twentieth day of February , because if one beginne at March , and reckon backewards , that twentieth day is the tenth day before March. In March , May , Iuly , and October , the Calends , beginne at the sixteenth day , in other moneths at the fourteenth which Calends must euer beare the name of the moneth following , and be numbred backeward from the first day of the saide following moneths . Calfe . The Fawne or young one of a Redde Deere . Calisie . To make warme . Calefaction . A making warme . Callette A lewd woman . Calliditie . Subtilty , craftinesse . Calthrope . An instrument vsed sometime in Warre . It is a little thing made with foure prickes of yron ; of such a fashion , that which way soeuer it be throwen , one point will alwaies sticke vp like a naile , to spoile the enemies horse feete . Caligraphic . Faire writing . Calumniate . To slaunder : to belie one shamefully . Columniation . Slaunderous lying . * Camoyse . Crooked vpward , as commonly , the noses of blacke Moores bee . Camphire . A kinde of Gumme , as Auicen writeth . But Platearius affirmeth it to be the iuice of an herbe . It is white of colour , and cold and dry in operation . Cancel . To deface , cut or blot out . * Canceline . Chamlet . Canicular . See dogge-dayes . Canker . A hard swelling in the veines , being ouercharged with hot melancholy humours . It is called a Canker , because the veines so swollen are like vnto the clawes of a Crab. This disease may happen in any part of the bodie , but most commonly in womens breasts ; by reason of their spongie hollownesse , and great number of veines their meeting . If it continue long it is very hard to cure , because gentle medicines will doe no good , and strong doe increase the raging malice of it . Canniball . A barbarous sauage person : one that eateth mans flesh . Canon . A Greeke word , properly signifying a rule or line , to make any thing straight , or to trie the straightnesse of it . Hereof Lawes or decrees for Church gouernement are called Canons . And certaine times of prayer vsed by Churchmen , were called Canonicall houres of prayer . Canonicall . Approoued by common or exact rule . Canonier . He that shooteth in great Ordinance . Canonize . To declare and pronounce one for a Saint . Canonization . The solemnity of Canonizing or pronouncing one to bee a Saint . Cantharides . Certaine Flies shining like golde , breeding in the toppes of Ashe and Oliue trees beyond Sea. They are sometime vsed by Physitions , to raise blisters in the body ; but their heads , wings , and feete must be cast away . The iuice of them is poysonous . Cape . A corner of land shooting out into the Sea. Capabilitie . An aptnesse to containe , or receiue . Capable . Which can containe or hold a thing . Capacitie . Aptnesse to receiue and hold . Capers . A prickly plant , almost like to brambles , growing in Spaine , Italy , and other hot countries , The roote hereof is much vsed in Physicke , against obstructions of the spleen or milte . The flowers and leaues are brought hither from Spaine , preserued in brine , and are commonly eaten with Mutton . They stirre vp the appetite , warme the stomacke , and open the stoppings of the liuer and milt . Capitall . Chiefe , principall ; sometime deadly , abhominable . Capite . A tenure , when a man holdeth lands , immediately of the king , as of his crowne . Capitole . An ancient palace in Rome , so called . Capitulate . To draw or bring into Chapters . Capriole . Leaping of a horse aboue ground , called by horsemen , the Goates leape . Capstand . An instrument to wind vp things of great weight : some call it a crane . Captious . Short , quicke , quarrelsome in demands . Captiuate . To take prisoner . Captiuity . Bondage , imprisonment . Caranna . A Gumme brought out of the West Indies , of great vertue against aches proceeding of cold causes . Carbonado . A rasher vpon the coales . Carbuncle . It hath two significations , namely a precious stone , and a dangerous sore . 1. Carbuncle stone , is bright , of the colour of fire . It hath many vertues , but chiefly preuaileth against the danger of infectious aire . The best of these stones will shine in darkeness , like a burning coale , as Albertus writeth , himselfe hath seene . Others shine but a little , and are lesse esteemed ; but such as shine not at all , are scarce of any reckoning : these stones are found in some countreies of Africa . 2. Carbuncle disease , is a botch or vlcer , ( otherwise called by a Greeke name Anthrax ) caused of grosse hot blood which raiseth blisters , and burneth the skinne . This vlcer is euer accompanied with a Feuer . Cardones . An hearbe in India , of vertue to heale sores . Carlo Sancto . A roote growing in the West Indies , of a pleasant smell and bitter taste , the rynde whereof beeing chewed , draweth downe fleame and humours from the head , & being drun●en in powder is good against diuers inward diseases . Carcanet . A small chaine . Cardinall . Chiefe principall . Carnall . Fleshly . Carnality . Fleshlinesse . Carol. A song : sometime a dance . Carpt . To checke , taunt , or rebuke . Carreere . A short swift race with a horse , as at lusts , Tournaments . Carrike . A great shippe of burden . Casani , India bread . Casia . It is commonly taken for Cinnamome . Poets vnderstand often by it , some sweete smelling herbe : as Virg. Eclog. 2. Tum Casia atque alijs intexens suanibus herbis Also Ovid. Quo simul ac Casias & nardilenis aristas . Quassaque cum fulua substrauit Cinnama myrrha . Lictantius also : De Phoenice . Cinnama dehint , auramque procul spirantis amom● ; Congerit & mixto balsama cum folio . Non Casia mitis , nec olentis vinuen acanthi , Nec thuris Lachrymae , guttaque pinguis abest . Where wee see that Casia and Cinnamome , signifie two things . Some think it to bee Lauender . For mine owne part , I know not certainely what English name or interpretation to giue it . Cassia fistula . A fruite growing in Arabia and Syria , which is round , blacke , and long , almost as ones arme , of the bignesse of a Thumbe . The outside hereof is hard : within it , is contained the seede , and a blacke substance soft and sweete , which is much vsed in Physicke , as a gentle purger , of the inward parts . Cassia lignea . A sweete wood much like cinnamome , and of the nature of cinnamome . Castigate . To chastise , to correct . Castigation . A chasticing , a correction . Castleward . A payment made by some dwelling within a certaine compasse of a castle , for the maintenance of those that doe watch and ward the castle ; Also the circuite of land , which oweth this seruice . Castoreum See Beuer. Casual That which happeneth by chance , doubtfull , vncertaine . Casualtie . Chance , fortune , hap-hazard . Catadupa . A place in Ethiopia so called , where the great riuer Nilus , falleth from high Mountanous rockes with such violence , that the continuall noise thereof , maketh the people there dwelling to become deafe . Catalogue . A roll , a bill , a register of name or other things . Cataplasma . It signifieth properly a medicine , which is made of diuers hearbes , eyther bruised or boyled in water , and so applyed outwardly to the body . If there bee oyle added , it is not then called a Cataplasme , but an Emplaister . Cataract . A distillation of humours out of the eyes . Catarrhe . A distillation of waterish humors out of the head , into the mouth and throate , caused by a colde and sometime hotte distemperance of the braine . Catastrophe . The conclusion or end of a Comedy : a sudden alteration . Catecheumen . A nouice , or one newly instructed in matters of faith , by word of mouth . Category . In the Greeke tongue it properly signifieth an accusation . It is also a terme vsed in Logike , which shall after the explicated in the word Predicament . Categoricall axiome . A simple axiome or proposition , not compounded of any coniunction , as ; Peter is a man. Cathedrall . Of or belonging to a Bishops chaire . Catholike . A Greek word , signifying vniuerfal or generall . Catobleya . A strange beast that killeth a man onely with the sight of it : some thinke it to bee the Basiliske , or Cockatrise . Cauearee . A strange meat like blacke sope , made , ( as is saide ) of the Roe of a Sturgeon . Caueat . A warning , an admonition to take heede . Cauerne . A hole or caue in the earth . Cauille . To mocke or flour in words , to reason ouerthwartly . Cauity . Hollownesse . Causticke . A medicine that burneth ; and is vsed when a disease cannot otherwise be mastered . Cautele . A taking heed . Cautelous . Wary , circumspect . Cauterize . To burne : to seare . Caution . A warning or watchword giuen to take heede : sometime a great heedfulnesse , or wary carriage in a thing . Cedar . A tall great tree , which groweth in Africa , and Syria , straight vpright like the Firre tree . The leaues are small and thick , of a sweete smell : This Tree hath finite on it , all times of the yeere , which fruite is like that of the Pine and Fine Tree , but greater and harder . Celebrate . To speake or write very honourably in praise of any thing : also to rehearse often : and sometime to keepe a festiuall day , or other time with great solemnity . Celebration . The solemnization of a feast . Celebritie . Great resort to a place : famousnesse . Celeritie . Swiftnes , speed . Celestiall . Heauenly . Celsitude . Highnesse . Cement . Morter : Lime . Censer . A vessell to burne Frankincense in . Censor . A graue Officer hauing authoritie to controlle and correct maners . Censorean . Belonging to a Censor . Censure . A iudgement : an opinion . Centaures . People of Thessalie , which because they first rid on horses , were supposed to be halfe men & halfe horses . Poets feine they were begotten by Ixion vpon a cloud , made in the likenesse of Iuno . They watted on the Lapithes , and were ouercome by Hercules . Center . The point in the midst of a round circle , or the inward middle part of a globe . Wherefore the earth is called the Center of the world , because it is in the midst thereof . Centurion . A Captaine ouer a hundred footmen . Certes . Surely : certainly . Certificate . A writing which testifieth the certainty of a thing . Cerusse . White Lead , oftentimes vsed by Surgeons in oyntments & playsters . Some women make painting therewith . Ceterach . Otherwise called Fingerferne : An herbe which hath neither stalke , flower , nor seed . It is much vsed in Phisick against the blacke Iaundise , quartane agues , and stopping of the spleene . Chalons . Blankets , Couerings . Chameleon . A little beast like a Lizard , hauing a rough scaly skin , straight legs , sharpe clawes , a slow pace like a Torteyes , and a long wreathed taile : He changeth himselfe quickly into any colour that he sitteth vpon , except white and red : wherefore men that are inconstant and sickle , are sometimes called Chameleons . This beast ( as is saide ) is nourished onely with aire . Chamfering . A small gutter or fu●row made by art vpon some pillars of stone or timber . Champertie . See Champertours . Champertours . Those that stirre others to go to law , and beare the charges there of themselues , to the end they may haue part of the land , or other thing in variance . Chancellour . A chiefe officer in a spirituall court : Also the Lord or chiefe Iudge in the chancerie . Chancerie . The court of equity & good conscience . Chantor . A singer . Chaos A great confused and disorderly heape , out of which Poets imagined all things to be made . Chaplet . An attire for the head , made of Gold , Pearle , or other costly , or curious stuffe , vsed to bee fastened behinde ; in manner of a foulded rolle or garland . Character . The forme of a letter . A marke , signe , or stamp made in any thing . Characterie . A writing by Characters or by strange markes . Charles Wayne . Certaine Starres winding about the North pole of the world , in fashion like foure wheeles and horses drawing it . Poets feine that Calisto , King Lycanus daughter ▪ hauing had a childe by Iupiter , was by Iuno in despight turned into a Beare , and that Iupiter changing Calisto afterward , into this figure of Starres , for that cause , in Greek it is called Ar●tos , which signifieth a Beare . Charnell house . A place to lay sculles and bones of dead men in . Chart. A writing , a written deed . Charter . A writing wherby the king makes a grant to any person or persons of any liberty , priuiledge , pardon , or other thing : Also writings betweene priuate men , are somtime so called Chattell . A Law tearme , wherof there be two kinds , namely Chattels reall , and Chattels personall . Chattels reall , are leases , or wards . Chattels personall are all moueable goods , as money , plate , cattell , &c. Chaunter . A singer . Cheate . To cousin , to deceiue . Cheating . Cousenage . Cherubin . One of the highest Order of Angels : See Hierarchie . Chieftaine . A Captaine . Checke vamish . Painting vsed by some women . Cheuisance . Merchandise , bargaining . China . A hard knottie roote brought out of the East Indies , of a reddish colour : It is very comfortable to nature , and vsed often in restoratiues and dyet drinkes . Chiromancie . See Diuination . Chiualrie . Knighthood : the knowledge of a Knight or Nobleman in feats of armes . Chiuancie . Chiualrie : riding . Chrisme . A Greeke word , signifying an Oyntment : Sometime it is taken for a white linnen cloth , wrapped about an infant after it is newly christened . Chrismatorie . A vessell to carry oyle in . Christ . The surname of our Sauiour , signifying annointed . Chronologer . One skilfull in Chronicles . Chronologie . The knowledge of old Stories . Chrysocoll . A kinde of minerall found like sand in the veines of some mettalles . Chrysolite . A stone of the colour of Gold , which shineth brightest in the morning , and receiueth harme if it bee held too neere the fire . Chymera . A strange monster , hauing the head and breast like a Lyon , the belly like a Goate , the tayle like a Dragon . Chymicall . Of , or belonging to a Chymist . Chymist . A Physition following the method of Paracelsus . Cymball . An old musicall instrument , made in some places of two or moe plates of brasse , which with beating together made a ringing noyse . Cimisse . A noysome little worme , flat and red , which raiseth wheals where it biteth : If it be broken , it yieldeth a stinking smell . Cinoper . A soft red stone , found in mines , otherwise cald Vermilion . The Paynims did vse to paint their idols therewith , and themselues in publike feasts and solemnities , as wee reade that Camillus when he triumphed in Rome was painted with this Vermilion : So Virgill speaking in his tenth Eclog. of the shepheards god Pan , saith that he was seene , Sanguincis ebuli baccis minioque rubentem . With bloody Walwoort berries staynd , and with Vermilion red . Cinque Ports . Fiue hauen townes in our Countrey , which haue many liberties . They are Hasting , Romnie , Hethe , Douer , and Sandwich . Circular . That which is round in compasse . Circumcise . To cut off the foreskin of a mans priuy parts : which was a religious ceremony among all the Hebrewes after Abraham , to whom God first commanded it . Circumcision A cutting off of the foreskinne . See Circumcise . Circumference . The outer part of any round circle : The ring or round compasse of a wheele . Circumlocution A long circumstance : a speaking of many words , where few may suffice . Circumscribe . To cōpasse round , to draw aline about . Circumscriptible . That which may bee limited or contained within bounds . Circumspect . Wise , warie , heedfull . Circumuent . To compasse in ; to deceiue one craftily . Cite . To warne one to appeare . Citation . A warning one to appeare . Citrene . Yellow . Citradell . A castle with a small garrison to keepe a towne in awe . Ciuet. A sweet substance like muske . It is said to bee the dung of the beast Hycan . Ciuilike . To make ciuill . Clamour . A great cry or noise . Clamorous . Crying out or exclaiming . Clandestine . Priuy , close , secret , Clarentius . One of the Kings of armes , whose office is to dispose the funerals of Knights & Esquires of the southside of Trent . Clarisie . To make cleere . Clarity . Noblenesse , cleerenesse . Clause . A short sentence . * Cleepe . An olde word , signifying to name , or to call . Clemency , Mercy , gentlenesse . Clement . Mercifull , pittifull . Client . One that asketh counsell of a Lawyer . Clime . See Climate . Climactericall . A Greek word signifying an accoūt or reckoning , made by certaine degrees or steps . Some haue heereby diuided the age of mans life after this manner . The seuenth yeare they reckon for dangerous ; and by this account the 14.21.28.35 . &c. are climactericall yeares . Likewise the ninth yeare is esteemed equally as dangerous , and by this account , the 18.27 36. &c. are called climactericall yeares . But the most noted and famous climactericall yeare , is at the age of 63. because both accounts doe meete in this number ; namely 7. times 9. and 9. times 7. And this is held the most dangerous yeare of all other . Climate . A terme vsed in Cosmography . It signifieth a portion of the world , betweene North & South , conteining some notable difference in the sunne rising . Cloake . To couer or hide . Closhe . An vnlawfull game , called by some nine pinnes , cules , or kittles . * Clum . A note of silence . Coaction . Constraint . Coactiue . Constraining . Coadiutor . A fellow hel . per. Coagulate . To turne to curde . Coca . An hearbe in India , the leaues whereof being bruished and mixt with the powder of Cockles or Oysters in their shelles burnt , the Indians vse in litle balles to carry in their mouthes , to preserue them from famin or great dryth . Cockatrice . See Basiliske . Coequal . Equal in degree with another . Coessentiall . Of the same essence or substance . Coeternal . Equall in eternity with another . Cogitation . A thinking . Cognition Knowledge . Cohere . To cleaue , sticke , or hang together . Coherence . An agreement or hanging together . Collaterall . Sidewaies , or ioyning to the side . Euery degree of kindred is either lineall or collaterall ▪ The lineall is that which commeth from the grandfather to the Father , from the Father to the Son , and so still right downeward : Collaterall is that which commeth sidewaies , as first betweene brothers and sisters , then betweene their children , &c. Also Vncles , Aunts , and all Cousins are conceiued vnder this tearme of Collaterall kindred . Collation . A short banquet . Colleague . A companion , or one ioyned in office with another . Collect. To gather together . Collection . A gathering . Collocation . A placing together . Colloquie . A talking or conferring together . Collusion . Deceite , cousenage . It is a tearme vsed in lawe , when an action is brought against one , by his owne agreement . Collyrie . A physical terme signifying any medicine for the eyes . Colon. A marke of a sentence not fully ended ; which is made with two prickes , thus ( : ) Colonie . Among the Romans , when their city was too ful of inhabitants , they vsed to withdraw a certain number , to dwell in some other place , which number so withdrawne , as also the place to which they were sent , was called by the name of Colonie . Coloquintida . A kinde of wilde Ground , which the Persians name Gall of the earth , because it destroyeth all hearbes , neere which it groweth . It is round , hauing a thinne yellow rinde ( when it is ripe ) and the inner part open , and spo●gie full of gray seede . If there grow but one vpon a plant , it must bee throwne away , because it will bee too violent in operation . This fruite is often vsed in physick to purge slimie grosse humours from the sinnewes and ioynts ; but must be well prepared , for that otherwise it is very dangerous . Colosse . An image or statue of exceeding greatnesse , made sometime by the olde Emperours of Rome . There was one such image in the yle of Rhodes , dedicated to the sunne , of one hundred and fiue foot long , the thun be of which image fewe men could fathome . Columbine . Douelike . Columne . A pillar . Coluri . Two imagined circles in the heauens , drawne both through the Poles , whereof one passeth through Aries and Libra , the other through Cancer and Capricorne ; So that they deuide the Zodiacke , and the whole heauens into foure euen parts . Combat . A fight between two , allowed by the law or for triall of some controuersie . Combatant . He that sighteth or is to fight a combat . Combine . To couple or ioyne together . Combination . A coupling or ioyning together . Combust . Burnt or scorched : a planet is said to be combust , when he is vnder the sunnne beames , or within certaine degrees of them . Combustible . That which will soon be set on fire and consumed . Combustion . A burning . Comelie . A play or Interlude , the beginning whereof is euer full of troubles , and the end ioyfull . Among the Greeks Eupolis , Aristophanes and Cratinus , were the chiefe comical Poets , among the Latines Plantus and Terence . Commedian . A Player or writer of comedies . Comet . A blazing starre . It is properly a great quātity of hot and drye exhalations drawn vp from the earth , by the attractiue vertue of starres , into the highest region of the aire , where beeing neere the Element of fire , it is inflamed , and there mooued round , according to the motiō of the starre vnder which it is growen , or the motion of the ayre , in those high pares . Comicall . That which pertaineth to comedies : also pleasant or merry . Comma . A marke often vsed in writing and printing , which is made thus ( , Commemorate . To rehearse or make mention . Commemoration , A rehearsall , remembrance . Commence . To begin , to enter an action against one . Commen●atory . Which recommendeth one . Comment . Notes of instruction set in some bookes , to expound such things as cannot easily be vnderstood . Sometime it is taken for a lye or fained tale . Commentary . See Comment . Commendatorie . That which hath commendations onely written in it . Commerce . Conuersation , entercourse of merchandise . Commination . A threatning . Commiserate . To take pittie or compassion vpon any . Commiseration . Pittie or compassion . Commissarie . One that hath spirituall iurisdiction in some out places of a Diocesse , so farre distant from the chiefe Citie , that it were too great trouble to summon people to it . Commission . A writing testifying that one or many haue some authoritie in a matter of trust , committed to their charge . Commissioner . He that is in authoritie by vertue of a Commission . Committee . He to whom a matter is committed to be decided or ordered . Commixe . To mingle together . Commixtion . A mingling together . Commodious . Fit , profitable . Commotion . A great stir , a hurly burly . Communicable . That which may bee imparted vnto an other . Communion . A partaking together . Communitie . Fellowship in partaking together . Commutation . A changing . Compact . Hard knit , close ioyned together , somtime a bargaine , agreement . Compassionate . Pittifull , which grieueth at others harmes . Compendious . Briefe , short , sauing . Compendium . A short way , a sauing course . Competencie . Sufficiency , fitnesse . Competent . Conuenient , fit , necessary . Competitor . He that sueth for the same thing with an other . Compile . To make , frame , or set together . Complement . Fulnesse , perfection , fine behauiour . Compleate . Full , perfect . Complexion . The temperature of the humors in mans body , which causeth the colour : sometime it signfieth painting vsed by women . Complicies . Fellowes or Confederates in lewde matters Compose . To frame , or set together . Composition . A ioyning or putting together . Compositor . He that composeth or setteth a thing in order . Comprehend . To containe , or conceiue in the minde . Comprehensible . Which may be contained or conceiued . Comprehension . A taking , a conceiuing , or vnderstanding . Compression . A pressing together . Compremise . An agreement made by indifferent parties chosen on both sides . Comprise . To conraine . Compulse . Constraint , enforcement . Compulsion . Constraint . Compunction . Griefe , remorse . Computate . To account , cast , or reckon . Computation . An account , or reckoning . Comrade . A companion , a good fellow . Concaue . Hollow . Concauitie . Hollownes . Concinnitie . Apt , fitnesse , a feate contriuing , or hansome setting a thing together . Concise . Briefe , short . Conclaue . A priuate roome , a closet . Concoct . To digest , to boyle . Concoction . Digestion of meate in the body . Concourse . A great assembly . Concupiscence . Lust , fleshly desire . Concurre . To meete together . Condescend . To agree , to ioyne together . Condigne . Worthy , due , deserued . Condole . To lament with an other , to bemone . Conduce . To helpe , or be profitable . Conduct . To guide one in the way . Confection . A mingling together ; or that which is mingled . Confederate . One ioyned in friendship , or linked with another in any practise . Conferre . To compare together : sometime to talke or reason with another . Conference . A reasoning together , or a comparing of one thing with another . Confidence . Trust , credite . Confident . Very bold , assured ; nothing doubtfull . Confine . To appoint bounds , to limit . Confines . The bounds or borders of a Country . Confiscate . Forfeited : seised to the Kings vse ▪ Confiscation . Forfeiture of ones goods , or seising them to the Kings vse . Conflict . A sight , a skirmish a bickering . Confluence . A flowing together : a great multitude : great store . Conforme . To apply or frame ones selfe to any thing which is required of him . Conformitie . Likenesse or agreement with another thing . Confront . To come or stand boldly before ones face : to face one . Confuse . Mixt together : mingled , out of order . Confusion . A disoderly mingling . Confute . To disproue , to ouerthrow by argument . Congeale . To freeze , to grow stiffe , or cling together with cold . Conglutinate . To glew together : to ioyne . Conglutination . A glewing together . Congratulate . To reioyce in anothers behalfe with him : or to signifie that we so reioyce . Congratulation . A reioycing together . Congregate . To gather together . Congruent . Agreeable , meet , fit . Congruity . Good agreemēnt . Coniecturall . Vncertaine , which may , & may not be . Conioyne . To ioyne together . Coningall . Belonging to wedlocke . Coniunction . A ioyning or coupling together . Coniure . To sweare or conspire together : to bind by oath , or vnder a great penalty . Connex . To knit or tye together . Connexion . A knitting together . Conniuence . A suffering , or winking at a matter . Consanguinitie . Kindred by blood . Consecrate . To hallow or make holy . Conservation . A making holy . Consequence . That which followeth another thing going before . Consequent . Following or necessarily comming after another thing . Conserue . To preserue or keepe . Conserues . The iuyce or substance of any thing boiled with Sugar and so kept . Consi●erate Discreet , wise . Consistorie . An assembly of Magistrates , a iudgement place . Consolatorie . Comforting , which comforteth . Consolation . Comfort . Consolidate . To make firme or strong . Consonant . Agreeable . Also euery letter not being a vowell , is so called , as B , C , D. Consort . A company : or a company of Musitions together . Conspicuous . Bright , cleere . Conspurcation . A defiling or making foule . Constellation . A company of starres together : or the influēce which they work . Consternation . Amazement : a great feare . Constitute . To ordaine , to appoint . Constitution . A decree , an ordinance . Construction . A ioyning of words and sentences together . Consubstantiall . Of the same substance . Consubstantiality . Agreement in substance : the being of the same substance that another is of . Consull . A chiefe officer among the Romans : there were two chosen yearly to gouerne the City : These Magistrates first began after the Kings were expelled , & were called Consuls , of the latin word Consulere , because they were by their office to prouide and take care for the good of the common weale . Consult . To take aduice together . Consultation . An aduice or deliberation taken together . Consummate . To finish , to make an end . Consummation . An end , a finishing of a matter . Consumption . A consuming : also a disease , wherin the lungs being exulcerated , there followeth a leannesse of all the body . Contagion . An infection . Contagious . Infections . Contaminate . To defile . Contamination . A defilng . Contemne . To despise . Contemplate . To behold in the mind : to muse vpon . Contemplatiō . A beholding in mind ; a thinking vpon . Contemptible . Base vile , of no account . Contemptuous . Despiteful . Continencie . Chastity , temperatenesse . Continent . Chaste , sober , temperate . Continent land . That which is no Iland , maine land . Contingēs . Casual , doubtfull , vncertaine : which may and may not be . Continuate . To ioyn close together . Contract . A bargaine , an agreement made . Contraction . A shrinking together . Contradict . To gainsay or speake against . Contradiction . A speaking against ; a whithstanding in words . Contribute . To giue with others ; to allow as others doe . Contributary . Which alloweth or giueth as others doe . Contribution . A giuing with others , when many giue together . Contristate . To make sad or sorrowfull . Contrite . Broken : very sorrowfull : hartily repentant . Contrition . Great inward sorrow for sin committed . Controuert . To contend , striue , or be at variance about a matter . Contumacie . Stubbornnes , disobedience : selfe-will . Contumely . Reproach ; spite , disgrace . Contumelious . Reproachfull : spitefull , disgracefull . Contund . To pound or beate in a morter . Contusion . A beating , bruising or pounding . Conuent . To bring one before a Iudge . Conuenticle . A little assembly ; most commonly for an ill purpose . Conuention . An appearing before a Iudge . Conuerse . To vse ones company , to liue with . Conuersant . Vsing much in ones company . Conuersion . A turning from euill to good . Conuict . Prooued guiltie of the crime whereof he is accused . Conuiction . A condemnation or proofe of beeing guiltie . Conuince . To ouercome , or confute : To proue one guiltie . Conuocate . To call together . Conuocation . An assembling or calling together : sometime the company assembled . Conuulsion . A shrinking , or pulling together of the sinewes ; a cramp , a pang . Cooperate . To worke together ; to helpe . Cooperation . A working with another , a helping . Cope . A Church vestment much like a large cloke . Copall . A white Rosin of much brightnesse brought from the West Indies : the people there were wont to make perfumes thereof in their sacrifices . It is hot in the second degree , and moyst in the first , and is vse heere to be burnt against cold diseases of the braine . Copie . Great plentie . Copious . Plentiful , aboundant . Copulation . A coupling or ioyning together . Corall . There are two sorts hereof , the one white , the other red ; but the red is best . It growth like a tree in the bottome of the sea , from whence being taken , it is by the ayre , hardened into the forme of a stone , as we see it . It is cold and dry in operation , good to be hanged about childrens neckes , as well to rub their gums , as to preserue them from the falling sickenesse . Corbell . A shouldering peece cut out in stone , as we may see in walles , to beare vp a poste , summer , or other weight . Corbets . Places in walles where Images stand . Corbona . A chest or cofer in the Temple of Hierusalem , where the treasure that serued for the Priests vse was kept . Cordiall . Hearty ; that which comforteth the heart . Cordwyner . A Shooe-maker . Corodie . An ancient term , vsed when the founders of Abbies or other religious houses , reserued aright in themselues and heires , to appoint some person to haue allowance of meate and drinke , or other maintenance out of the house ; and this allowance was called a Corodie . Coronell . A Captaine ouer many bands . Coronation . The crowning of a King or Queene . Corporall . Of , or belonging to the bodie . Coporation . A bodie politick , hauing by the kings grant and common seale , a chiefe Officer , and inferiour persons belonging to it . Corpulencie . Grossenesse , fatnesse . Corpulent . Fat and grosse . Correlative . A tearme of Logicke applyed to such words as cannot bee spoken , but there must be supposed some other word , which is necessarily a dependant vpon it : as a Father and a Sonne ; a Master and a Seruant ; a Captaine and a Souldiour ; a Husband and a Wife . Correspondence . An agreeablenesse , or proportion answering to some other thing . Correspondent . Agreeable , or answerable to another thing . Corrigible . That which may bee corrected or amended . Corriuall He that is suiter with another , to a woman for marriage . Corroborate . To strengthen , to confirme . Corrode . To gnaw asunder . Corrosiue . A fretting plaister : any thing which laid to the body , raiseth blisters and maketh it sore . Cosignificatiue . Of the same signification with another thing . Cosmographie . An art touching the description of the whole world . This art by the distance of the circles in heauē , diuideth the earth vnder them into her Zones and climats , and by the eleuation of the Pole , considereth the length of the day & night , with the perfect demonstration of the Sunnes rising and going downe . Couent . The whole number of religious men together dwelling in one house Couerture . A couering . In the common Law it signifieth all the time that a man and wife are coupled in marriage . Couchant . Couching or lying on the ground . Couert . Hidden , secret . Couertbaron . A marryed wife : a woman subiect to a husband . Couerture . In our common Law it is sometime taken for marriage . Couine . Deceit , cousenage . Countermand . To giue commandement contrary to that which was commanded . Countermine . To mine or dig in the earth against another . Countermure . A wal made in defence of another wall . Counterpane . The fellow coppy of a deed indented . Counterpoise . Any thing laid in waight against another thing . Counteruaile . To bee of equall value to another thing . Coupee . Cutt off . Crampefish . A fish whose nature is to make the hands of such as touch it , to be benummed or astonied , though they touch it with a long pole . Crannie . A little hole or chinke . Crauen . A coward . Crazie . Sickly , weake , of vnperfect health . Credence . Beleefe , trust . Credible . That which may be beleeued . Creditor . He that lendeth or trusteth another with mony or wares Credulitie . Easinesse of beleefe . Credulous . He which easily beleeueth a thing . Cressant . In Heraldrie it signifieth the newe Moone . Crime . An offence , or fault committed . Criminall . Faultie : or that which belongeth to a fault or accusation . Crisis . A Greeke word , which is interpreted iudgment . In Phisicke it signifieth the conflict between nature and sicknesse : that is , the time , when either the patient suddenly becommeth well , or suddenly dyeth , or waxeth better or worse , according to the strength of his bodie , and violence of the disease . Crispe . Curled . Cristall . A substance like cleere glasse . There are two kindes hereof . One which groweth vpon extreame cold mountaines , being there congealed like yee , by the minerall vertue of the place , as Albertus writeth . Another kinde groweth in the earth in some places of of Germanie . Cristalline . Made of Cristall , or shining like a Cristall . Criticall . In Phisicke the fourth and seuenth dayes are called Critical , because in them Phisitians vse to iudge of the danger of a disease : But the seuenth is accounted the chiefe Criticall day , & the fourth a token or signe what the seuenth day will be , if the Patient liue so long . This account must bee made according to the number of weekes thus . In the first weeke the fourth day is the token or Critical of the seuenth day . In the second weeke the eleuenth is the Critical of the fourteenth . In the third the seuentieth is the Critticall of the twentieth : for Hippocrates reckoneth the twentieth day for the last to the third weeke : In the fourth week 24. is the Criticall of the 27. In the fifty the 31. the Criticall of the 34. In the sixt weeke the 37. the Criticall of the 40. And so foorth to a hundred . Criticke . The same that Criticall is . Also it signifieth sometime , one that hath authoritie , or taketh vpon him to censure other mens acts or workes written . Crocodile . A harmefull beast liuing most about the Riuer Nilus in Aegypt . It is hatched of an egge , and groweth vnto a wonderfull greatnesse , sometime to twentie or thirtie foot long . This beast hath no tongue , and in feeding mooueth onely the vpper iawe : He hath eyes like a Hogge , and cruell sharpe teeth : Hee hath no haire but is made much after the fashion of an Euet , with a long taile , a long belly , and backe couered all ouer with scales close ioyned & of great strength . Vpon his feete hee hath strong sharpe clawes . In the day time hee can see farre , and liueth on land , in the night he is almost blind , and keepeth in the water . He is very bold vpon those he seeth afraid of him , and fearefull if he be assaulted . It is written that he will weepe ouer a mans head , when he hath deuoured the body , and then will eate vp the head two . Wherefore in Latine there is a probere , Crocodili Iachrymae , Crocodiles teares , to signifie such teares as are fained , and spent onely with intent to deceiue , or doe harme . I saw once one of these beasts in London brought thither dead , but in perfect forme , of about three yards long . Croches . The little buds or branches , at the top of a Harts horne . Crosselet . A melting pot . Crotayes . Dung of a Hare . Crownet . A little crowne , also a part of a horse hoose is so called . Crude . Rawe , not well digested . Cruditie . Rawnesse : ill digestion . Cubebs . A certaine fruite sold by Apothecaries like vnto Pepper . It commeth out of India , and is hotte and drie in operation . It comforteth the braine much , and quickeneth the spirits , being held & chewed in the mouth . It is also very good to open the stoppings of the Liuer . Cubite . Halfe a yard : the measure from a mans elbow to the toppe of his middle finger . Cullion . The stone of any liuing thing . Culpable . Faultie . Culture . Tillage , dressing of land . Culuertaile . A strong kind of building , by fastening boards or timber , with arteficiall ioynts , so firmely together , that they cannot fall asunder . Cummine . An herbe , the seed whereof is much vsed in Phisicke . It is hot and dry , good to breake or dissolue windinesse in any part of the body . Cumulation . A heaping vp , or increasing . Cunctation . Slackenesse , delay , lingering . Capglasse . A hollow round Glasse , with a hole in the bottome , vsed by Physitians sometimes , to drawe blood or wind out of the body , for it sucketh with great strength , by reason of a little flame of fire made in it . Cupiditie . Desire , couetousnesse . Curfew . A bell which ringing about bedtime , giueth folkes warning , to goe to rest and couer their fire . Cursorily . Swiftly : as when one readeth a booke ouer with speede . Curtezane . A harlot . Curtilage . Any peece of ground , as a yard , backeside , or garden plotte , adioyning to a house . Custodie . Safe keeping . Cutchoneale . A little flie ( as some thinke ) brought from beyond the Sea , dried , wherewith diers die Stammell and colours in Graine : but indeed it is a fruit . Cynicall . Doggish , See Cynike . Cynike . Doggish or currish . There was in Greece an olde sect of Philosophers so called , because they did ouersharply barke at mens vices , and were not so respectiue in their behauiour as ciuilitie required . The chiefe of this sect were Antisthenes and Diogenes . Cypher . A circle in Arithmetike like the letter O ; which of it selfe is of no value , but increaseth the value of other figures after which it is ioyned : wherefore wee sometime say of one , that in company of others doth nothing himselfe , that he standeth for a Cypher . Cypresse . A tree which groweth on drie mountaine● , very tall and slender : the timber thereof is yellowish and of a pleasant smell , especially set neere the fire . It carieth no leafe , but greene small twigs . D * DAffe . A dastard . * Dagges . Latchets cut of Lether . Daine . To vouchsafe . Dandruffe . Small scales that sticke to the skin of the head , and often hang about the haires . They are caused by salt sleame , or some other corrupted humours , piercing insensibly the pores , and then slightly congealed by the ayre , and may be taken away by washing the head with salt water or vineger warme . Darnell . A naughtie graine almost like wheate , but much lesse , and groweth among wheate often . It may be vsed in Phisicke , against some outward diseases , but taken inwardly it is harmefull , as beeing too hot , and making the head giddy . Darreigne . To attempt , or challenge . Deaurate . Guilded . glistering like gold . Debilitate . To weaken . Debility . Weaknesse . Debitor . A debtor . Debonaire . Gentle , mild , curteous . Decad. The number of tenne . Decalog . The tenne commandements . Decent , Comely , hansome . Decency . Comelinesse . Decide . To determine , or end a controuersie or doubt . Decypher . To write after a strange fashion , that none shall reade it , also to find out the meaning of a thing so written . Decision . A determination , or end made of a controuersie . Declayme . To speake euill : to reproach . Declamation . An oration or speech made of purpose in reproach of any person or thing . Declaymer . Hee that maketh a declamation . Decline . To bend downward . Declination . A bending downeward . Decliuity . A steepe bending downward , as on the side of a hill . Decoct . To seethe , to boyle . Decoction . A boyling or seething . In Physick it signifieth commonly any liquor in which medicinable rootes , herbes , seedes , flowers , or any other thing hath beene boyled . Decollation . A beheading . Decorum . Comely , or comeiinesse . Decrepit . Weake , or very feeble with age . Decressant . The moone in the last quarter . Decretals . Ordinances , decrees . Dedicate . To offer , giue or appoint for some speciall purpose . Dedication . An offering , a giuing vp . Deduce . To take away , to abate . Deduct . To take away . Deduction . A taking away . Defamation A defaming , a speaking ill of one . Defamatorie . Slanderous : which defameth . Defatigation . Wearinesse . Defeasance . An ouerthrowing , or vndoing that which was formerly done . A writing testifying that some other writing shall be of no force . Defeate . To deceiue , or beguile : to take craftily from one . Defect . A failing or want in any thing . Defection . A falling away a reuolting . Defectiue . Faultie , which wanteth something . Defendant . He which answereth to an accusation or challenge . Defensiue . That which defendeth , or is spoken or done in defence . Deferre . To put off , to prolong . Define . To declare , shew or describe a thing plainelie . Definition . A sentence which expresly declareth what a thing is . Definitiue . Which defineth or concludeth a matter . Defloration . A deflouring . Defloure . To corrupt spoile or marre . Deforme . To disfigure , to spoyle the forme of any thing . Deformation . A disfiguring . Deformitie . Ill-fauourdnesse : vncomelinesse . Defraude . To deceiue , to beguile . Deft . Little and pretty , feat and handsome . Defunct . Dead . Degenerate . To turne out of kinde . Degrade . To take away the priuiledge of holy orders from one . Degradation A taking away of Ecclesiasticall authoritie , from a Clerke conuinced of some notorious crime . ° Degree . A terme often vsed in Astronomie and phisicke . In Astronomie it signifieth the thirtieth part of a signe : viz. of Aries , Taurus , Gemini , &c. For into so many parts or degrees are all the signes diuided . In phisicke it signifieth a proportion of heat , cold , moisture or drinesse , in the nature of simples ; and there are foure such proportions or degrees : The first degree is so smal , that it can scarce be perceiued . The second , that which may be manifestly perceiued without hurting the sense . The third , that which somewhat offendeth the sense . The fourth , which so much offendeth , that it may destroy the body . For example : Sweet Almonds Rice , Buglosse , ripe Grapes are hot in the first degree : Parsley , Saffron , Hony , in the second degree ; Cummine , Galingall , Pepper in the third degree : and Garlick , Spourge , Euphorbium , in the fourth degree . So Barly is cold in the first degree , cucumbers in the second , Sengreene in the third , and Hemlocke in the fourth degree . Where note that in heat , cold , and drinesse , there may bee foure degrees , and in moisture but two . Dehort . To disswade : to aduise one to the contrary . Dehortation . A perswasion or admonition to refraine from doing some thing . Deiect . To throw downe , to debase . Deiection . A throwing downe , a debasement . Deitie . Godhead , or a God. Delineate . To draw the first proportion of a thing . Delinquent . An offender . Delude . To mocke , to scorne , to deceiue . Deluge . An vniuersall ouerflowing of waters , Noes floud . Delusion . A mocking . Demaynes . The Lords Mannor house , and the lands which hee and his auncestors haue alwaies vsed . Demeane . To behaue or carry ones selfe . Demeanour . Behauiour . Demerit . A desert . Demise . To giue or grant . Democritie . A kind of gouernement wherein the people beare rule without other superiours , sauing such as they appoint . Democraticall . Of or belonging to the estate of Democratic . Demolish . To pull downe . Demolition . A pulling downe . Demoniacke . Possessed with a diuell . Demonstrable . Which may bee shewed or made manifest . Demonstrate . To shew . Demonstration . A shewing plaine of any thing . Demurre . A pause or stay , a standing still . Demy . Halfe , sometime little . Deneere . A penny , a small peece of mony . Denizen . A straunger borne , that obtaineth the Kings letters patents , and becommeth his Maiesties subiect , enioying thereby al priuiledges , as if he were an Englishman . Denominate . To name one . Denomination . A naming . Denotate . To note or marke , to signifie . Denotation . A noting or marking . Denounce . To giue warning , to declare , to threaten . * Denwere Double . Deodand . When a man is casually killed by a catt , Horse , or Mill , &c. that which mooued and was thereby cause of his death , being forfeit to the King , appertaineth to his Maiesties Almoner to bestow in deedes of charity , and is therefore called a Deodand , as being to be giuen away for Gods sake . Depend . To hang vpon an other thing . Dependant . That which hangeth vpon an other thing , Deplore . To lament , to bewaile . Deploration . A lamenting . Depopulate . To waste or spoile a countrey . Depopulation . A spoiling or wasting of a countrey . Depose . To take away ones authority , to thrust out of his kingdome , somtime to sweate . Depositum . A pledge , any thing layd vp with one to keepe . Deposition . A deposing or putting from great authority , also a laying down sometime an oath or testimony giuen by oath . Depraue . To corrupt or marre , sometime to speake euill of one . Depresse . To crouch downe , to keepe vnder . Depriue . To take away . Depriuation . A losse of any thing . Depute . To appoint . Deride . To mocke , or floute . Derision . A mocking . Deriue . To take or draw from another thing . Deriuative . That which is deriued from another thing or word . Deriuation . A deriuing , or drawing from some thing . Derogate . To empaire , diminish , or take away . Derogation . A taking away from ones honour or estimation . Derogatorie . That which empaireth or hindereth the credit of any one . Descend . To goe downward . Describe . To expresse plainly the outward forme of a thing . Description . A plaine expressing of the outward forme of a thing , or the manner how a thing was done . Designe . To appoint . Designement . An enterprise or purpose which a man hath . Desist . To leaue off . Deteine . To keep from one . Detect . To discouer , to disclose . Detection . A discouerie , disclosing . Detract . To speake euill of one . Detraction . Slanderous speaking . Detriment . Losse , harme , hinderance . Deuastation . A wasting of a countrey . Deuest . To vncloath . Deuiant . Farre out of the way . Deuoire . Endeauour . Deuolue . To rolle down . Deuolution . A rolling along . Dewlap . The hollow part of the throate , hanging downe in some beasts . Dexter . Belonging to the right hand . Dexteritie . Nimblenesse , quicknesse , skilfulnesse . Diabolicall . Diuellish . Diacatholicon . An electuary much vsed in phisicke , so called because it serueth as , a gentle purge for all humours . Diacinnamon . A physicall mixture of cinnamom and diuerse spices in powder together , which helpeth digestion and is good against colde moist diseases of the stomacke . Diacodion . A cold sirupe made of the tops of poppies , vsed in phisicke sometime against hote diseases , and to stay the falling downe of humours out of the head . Diacurcuma . A confection made of Saffron and diuers other simples , vsed against the dropsie and olde diseases of the stomacke , spleene and liuer . Diadem . A kings crowne , or an attire for Princes to weare on their heads , made of purple silke , and pearle Diagalanga . A confection made of Galingale and hotte spices , good against the wind colicke and cold distemperature of the inward parts . Diagridium . There is a plant called Scammonie growing in far hot countries , the iuice of the roote whereof being dryed , is a very strong and violent purgatiue medicine , called also Scammonie : which before it can be vsed in physicke , must bee boyled in Quinces , to abate the malice of it : now the Scammony boyled and prepared in this sort , is called by Apothecaries Diagridium . Dialacca . A confection made of the gumme Lacca , and diuerse hotte simples , good against cold diseases of the stomack , stoppings , of the liuer , and all causes that may draw one to the dropsie . Dialect . A difference of some words , or pronunciation in any language : as in England the Dialect or manner of speech in the North , is different from that in the South , and the Western Dialect differing from them both . The Grecians had fiue especiall Dialects : as 1. The property of speech in Athens : 2. In Ionia : 3. In Doris : 4. In Eolia : and 5. that manner of speech which was generally vsed of them all . So euery countrey hath commonly in diue●s parts thereof some differance of language , which is called the Dialect of that place . Dialecticall . Of or belonging to the art of Logicke . Dialog . A talke , reasoning , or disputation betweene two parties or moe , or a discourse written where such a conference is set downe . Diamber . A comfortable confection made of diuers hot spices , good to be giuen in wine or other liquor , to strengthen the stomacke , reuiue the spirits , and warme the inward parts . Diameter . A streight line which passing through the middle of any figure , diuideth it in two equall parts . Diapason . A concord of musicke in of all . Diaphoenicon . An Electuary vsed often by Phisitions to purge fleame and choler . Diaper . A fine kinde of linnen not wouen after the ordinarie fashion but in certaine workes , Diamonds , knots , or other deuices . Diapred . Diuersified : of diuers colours , or garnishings . Diaprunum . An Electuary made of Damaske Prunes , and diuers other simples , good to coole the body in hot burning Feuers . After it is made , Phisitians vse often to adde Diagridium to it , and then it becommeth very Purgatory , and is called Diaprunum solutiuum ; soluble , or laxatiue Diaprunum . Diarhodon . A comfortable confection good to refresh and strengthen all the inward parts , after long hot diseases . Diasena . A purging Electuaty good against quartane Agues , and all other diseases proceeding from melancholy . Diatragacanthum . A confection made of the Gum Tragacarith , and other simples , good against hot diseases of the breast , the cough , pleurisie & inflammation of the lungs . Diatrionpiperion . A confection so called , because it is principally compounded of the three kindes of Pepper , to wit , long , white and blacke Pepper . It is good to helpe digestion when the stomacke wanteth heat to concoct that which it hath receiued . Diatrionsantalon . A colde confection made of the wood Sanders , good against burning Agues , and to refresh the inward parts inflamed with too much heate . Diaturbith . An Electuarie which principally opurgeth flegmatick grosse humours . Dicacitie . Much talke : or prating . Dichotomie . A diuiding into two parts , or a diuision made by two and two . Dicker . Tenne hides of Lether . Dictate . To endite ; also that which one writeth from anothers mouth while he speaketh . Dictator . A chiefe Officer among the Romanes ; neuer chosen but vpon great necessity in dangerous troubles of the common wealth . This Dictator could continue in office but onely sixe moneths , and then vnder paine of treason was to giue vp his authoritie : He could bee named by none but the Consull , and that in the night time , with great silence and attention . After he was once chosen all other Magistrates were out of office , except onely the Tribune of the people ; so that the Dictator , during his time , had ( as it were ) a kingly authority aboue all . Difficult . Hard : vneasie . Difficulty . Hardnesse , vneasinesse . Diffidence . Distrust . Diffident . Mistrustfull . Diffuse . To spreade abroad . Digamma . The letter F. so called , because hee beareth a forme , like the Greeke letter Gamma , made double . Digest . To dispose or set in order . Dight . Made ready , apparrelled , dressed . Digresse . To turne aside , to leaue the matter time is in hand and speak of another thing . Digression A turning to speake of another thing . Dilaniation . A tearing in pieces . Dilate . To spread abroad , to enlarge , to drawe in length . Dilatation . A drawing in length speaking of a thing at large . Dilemma . A kinde of argument , which conuinceth ones aduersary both waies as in saying : If hee bee a good man , why doe you speake euill of him ? If hee bee naught , why doe you keepe him company . Dimension . The true measure of a thing . Diminution . A diminishing . Diminutiue . Little , small , or a word which betokeneth a little thing , as lambekinne , a little lambe . Dinumeration . A numbring , a reckoning . Dire . Fierce , cruell , terrible . Directory . That which directeth one . Direption . A violent catching away . Disanull . To disalowe . Disappeare . To vanish out of sight . To be seene no more , Disastrous . Vnluckie : vnfortunate . Disauow . To deny or refuse by vowe . Disciple . A Scholler , one that learneth . Discipline . Instruction . Disclayme . To deny . Disconsolate . Vncomfortable . Discordant . Disagreeing . Discrepant . Much differing . Discusse . To examine , debate , or try a matter . Discussion . An examining , a sifting or tryall of a matter . Disfranchise . To take away freedome . Disfranchisement . A taking away of ones freedome . Disgust . Dislike . Dislocation A putting out of the right place . Dismall . Vnluckie : grieuous Dismantle . To vnclothe : to vnfurnish , to leaue vnprouided . Dismisse . To discharge , to put away . Disparage . To disgrace : to ioyne with vnequall match . Disparagement . Dishonour : disgrace , It properly signifieth a shame or disgrace done by a Guardian to his ward , in marying him vnder yeeres , to a woman vnfitte for his calling , or to one past childe-bearing , or which hath some great deformitie , lamenesse , or some horrible disease . Disparates . A terme of Logicke , applyed to such words as onely differing one from another , but not contrary : as heate and cold are contraries , but heate and moysture are Disparates : viz. two contrary qualities . Disparity . Vnlikenesse : vnequality . Disperpelled . A terme in Herauldry , when any thing of soft substance , doth by falling from high shoot it selfe out into diuers corners or ends . Disperse . To scatter abroad Dispersion . A scattering abroad . Displayed Wide spreade , opened . Disputable . Any thing that a man may dispute on . Disrobe . To vnclothe : properly of rich , or garme●ts of state . Dissent . To disagree . Dissheuelled . Bare hayred , without any attyre on the head , the haire hanging at length . Dissimilitude . Vnlikenesse . Dissipate . To scatter , or spread abroad . Dissipation . A scattering , a wasting . Dissolue . To vndoe , weaken , or destroy : to plucke downe . Dissolute . Loose , wanton , giuen much to vaine pleasures . Dissolution A breaking , weakening , or pulling asunder of any thing . Dissonant . Of a contrary sound , not agreeing . Disswade . To perswade one from a thing . Disswasion . A perswading of one from some thing . Distich . Two verses ; or a sentence conteyned in two verses . Distinguish . To put a difference between things . Distinction . A difference put betweene things . Distract . To drawe away : to trouble ones minde . Distraction . A pulling asunder , or drawing away of the mind . Distresse . Any goods taken and detained for not payment of rent , or to enforce one to answere to a suite . Sometime it signifieth great affliction , or misery . Distribution . A diuiding among many . Disturbe . To trouble , to vexe . Disunion . A disioyning , a seuering . Disunite . To part , to diuide , to seuer . Diuert . To turne aside . Diuident . That which diuideth . Diuine . Heauenly , belonging to God. Sometime to gesse or foretell a thing to come . Diuination A foretelling of a thing before it happeneth : which may ( as I take it ) bee diuided into three different kindes ; namely , supernaturall , natur●ll , and superstitious Diuination . Supernaturall Diuination ( onely reuealed to man by God , ) is not properly called Diuination , but prophecy , with which all the holy Prophets haue in former times beene inspired . Naturall Diuination may bee diuided into two branches ; whereof the first is , that which hath in former times been practised by wicked spirits in oracles and answers giuen by them in Idols , and is at this day sometime seene in possessed persons , who by suggestion of the diuell may foretell often things to come : and this is but a naturall Diuination : For although to vs it seeme miraculous , because of our ignorance in the causes and course of things , yet in those spirits , it is but naturall , who by their long experience , and great obseruation , besides the knowledge of secrets in nature , and their quicke intelligence from all places , are able to foresee much more then wee by nature can . The second branch of naturall Diuination , is that which a wise man may foretell by probable coniecture , beeing no way offensiue , so long as it is only guided by reason , and ouerruled by submitting it selfe to the almightie power of GOD. And to this second kinde of Diuination , may also Astrologie bee referred ( which by the motion and influence of Starres and Planets doth promise to foretell many things ) so long as it keepeth it selfe in due limits , and arrogateth not too much to the certainetie thereof : into which excesse of vanity if it should breake foorth , it can then bee no longer called naturall Diuination , but superstitious and wicked : for the Starres may incline but not impose a necessitie in particular things . The third and last manner of Diuination , is that which we called superstitious , whereof there hath among the Gentiles beene diuers different kinds , namely . Auguration , Aruspicie , Necromancie , Gromancie , Hydromancie , Pyromancie , Cossinomancie , Palmistrie or Chiromancie . Augutation , was a diuination made of things to come , by the slying , feeding , & chirping of birds : the professors wherof called Augurs , were of great account among the heathē Romans , in so much that there was a Colledge of them in the citie ; neither would the Romans vndertake any publike matter of importance , without asking their assent . But the vanity hereof was well derided by a wise Iew , named Mossolamus ; as Iosephus writes . For an Augur in the wars once requiring , that the army which was then marching , might stand still a while , till he tooke obseruation of a bird thereby , to foreknow the successe of that expedition , this Iew whilst the Augur was busie in his art , shot at the Bird with an arrow , and by chance killed her : whereat the Augur and others being highly offended : Are you so foolish ( quoth the Iew ) to imagine , this poore Bird can tell what will happen to vs , that could not foresee her owne death so neere at hand ? Aruspicie , is a diuination , which by opening and viewing the bowels of beasts , did vndertake to foretell things to come : the professors whereof were called Aruspices . Necromancie , the worst of all others , is that diuination , which is practised by coniuration , and calling vp Diuels or dead mens ghosts . Which manner of diuination we reade practised by King Saul ( 1. Reg. cap. 28. ) when he required a Sorceresse to call vp the spirit of Samuell to him . Geomancie , is a kinde of diuination practised by making prickes and lines in the earth ; as the name in Greeke signifieth . So Hydromancie , is a diuination made by some apparition in water , as Varro writeth that a Boy saw inwater , one bearing the forme of Mercurie , who foretold in one hundred and fiftie verses , the euent of the warre which the Romans had with King Mithridates . Pyromancie is a diuination made by the fire , or spirits appearing in the fire . Coscinomancie is a ridiculous kinde of diuination made with a sieue ; which at this day is vsed by some simple women , and appeareth to bee of antiquitie , for in the third Idylle of Throcritus there is mention made hereof . Palmistrie or Chiromancie , is a diuination practised , by looking vpon the lines of the fingers and hands , an art still in vse , among fortune tellers , Egyptians , and iuglers . Besides these there were also other diuinations , as namely Aeromancie , that which is gathered by apparitions in the aire . Capnomancie , by the flying of smoake . Catoptromancie by visions shewne in a glasse . All which being euen by the Pagans themselues accounted deceitfull and vain● , it remaineth that of Christians they be vtterly reiected and abhorred . Diuorce . A separation of man and wife , which was ( as our Sauiour witnesseth ) first permitted by Moses vnto the Israelites , for the hardnesse of their hearts , that men might rather put their wiues away , whome they grew wearie of , then vse them with too great extremitie , to shorten their liues , as many did . The woman so diuorced was to haue of her husband , a writing ( as Iosephus witnesseth to this effect . I promise , that hereafter , I will lay no claime to thee : And this writing was called a bil of diuorce . But with Christians this custome is abrogated , sauing onely in case of adulterie . The auncient Romanes also had a custome of diuorce , and amongst them , it was as lawfull for the wiues to put away their husbands , as for the husband to dismisse his wife : but amongst the Israelites , this prerogatiue was onely permitted to the husband . Diureticall . That which is of vertue , to cause one to make water . Diumall . Of or belonging to a day : Also a booke , wherein daily actions or accounts are set downe . Diuturmitie . Long continuance . Diuulg● To publish , or tell abroad Diuulgation . A telling , or reporting abroad . Docibilitie . See docilitie . Docible . See docill . Docill . Easie to bee taught , one that will soone learne . Docilitie . Aptnesse , quicknesse of vnderstanding . Document . A lesson , an instruction . Dogdayes . Certaine daies in Iuly and August , so called of the Starre Canis , the Dogge : which then rising with the Sun , doth greatly increase the heat thereof . Dogmaticall . Which is helde or maintained in some mens opinion . Dole . Sorrow , heauinesse , griefe : sometimes almes giuen to many poore folkes . Dolefull . Heauie , sorrowfull . Dolorous . Grieuous , painfull . Dolphine . A fish friendly to man , and especially to children ; the Females of this fish , haue breasts like to women , which are well stored with milke . They are very faithfull to one another , and bring foorth yong ones like whelpes , after tenne moneths , and in Sommer time . They sometime breake foorth of the Sea , but presently die as soone as they touch land . Doome . A sentence pronounced : a iudgement . Doomesman . A Iudge . Domesticall . One of the house : or any thing belonging to the house . Domesticke . See Domesticall . Domincere . To beare rule , or great sway . Dominicall Belonging to sunday or our Lords day . Dominion . Lordship , rule . Dona●ic . A gift ; properly that which is hanged vp in a Church . Donation . A giuing . Donce . Hee to whom a thing is giuen or granted . Donour . A giuer . Dormant . Sleeping . Dormitorie . A place to sleepe in : or that which hath vertue to make one sleepe . Dorter . A cell or chamber vsed onely for religious men to sleepe in . Dowager . A Widdow Princesse , hauing dowrie in the countrey which was in subiection to her deceased husband . Doulcets . The sto●es of a Hare or Stag. Drachme . See dram . Drammt . A smal weight , the eight part of an ounce : It conteineth in it three scruples , euery scruple beeing of the weight of twentie Wheate cornes : so that a dramme is the iust weight of 60. cornes of wheate . Drerie . Sorrowfull : lamentable . Dromedarie . A kinde of camel , hauing two bunches on the backe , which is very swift , and can trauell two or three daies without drinke . Drone . An idle Bee that will not labour . Druides . Ancient Pagan Priests in France , which liued naked in woods , giuing themselues to the study of philosophy , and auoyding all company so much as they might . They were of such estimation among the people , that all controuersies were referred to their determination , and a great penaltie laid on such as disobeied their sentence . They beleeued the immortalitie of soules , but supposed ( with Pythagoras ) that they still passed by death from one body to another . Dryades . Nymphs of the woods , so called of the Greek word Drys : which signifieth an Oake . Duall . Of , or belonging to two . Dubious . Doubtfull . Dubitable . Doubtfull . Dulia . Seruire● a worship done to Angels and Saints . Duplication . A doubling . Duplicitie . Doublenesse . Durabilitie . Long continuance . Dwale . An hearb of cold operation , hauing power to make one sleepe : some call it Nightshade . E EAglet . A young Eagle . Ebene . A tree which groweth in Ethiopia , beating neither leaues nor fruite . It is blacke and hath no grain like other wood , and is sharp byting in tast : Being burned it yieldeth a pleasant smell , neither is the smoake thereof offensiue : but the greene wood is so full of sap , that it will flame like a candle . It is good against many diseases of the eies . That which groweth in India , is spotted with white and yellow , being not in such estimation as the Ethiopian Ebene is . Ebionits . Certaine old Heretikes , which affirmed that Christ was not before his mother , the B. Virgin. Against these Heretikes , Saint Iohn writte his Gospel , after he returned from his bainishment in the yle Pathmos . Ebonie . See Ebene . Ebrietie . Drunkennesse . Eccho . A rebounding or sounding backe of any noyse or voyce , in a wood , valley or hollow place . Poets feine that this Eccho was a Nymphe so called , which beeing reiected of one , whom shee loued , pyned away for sorrow in the woods , where her voyce still remaineth answering the outcryes of all complaints . Ecclesiasticall . Of , or belonging to the Church . Ecclesiasticus . Of , or belonging to a Preacher . The name of a Booke in the olde Testament is so called . Eclipse . A fayling or want of any thing : Commonly it signifieth a want of light , and there be two such Eclipses , namely of the Moone and of the Sunne . Eclipse of the Moone ; neuer happeneth but at the full Moone , neither then alwayes , but whē she is in such a point , that the shadow of the earth depriueth her of the Sunne beames , from whence she taketh her light , Eclipse of the Sunne is not so vsuall and happeneth only at the change of the Moone , namely when the Moone being betweene the Sunne and vs , doth with her dark body , hide part of her light from vs : which was the cause that Dionysius Areopagita , seeing the Sunne so admirably eclipsed at our Sauiours passion , contrary to all reason , when the Moone was not in any neerenesse to hinder his light , cryed out in amazement : Aut Deus naturae patitur , aut machina mundi dissoluetur . Either the God of nature suffereth , or else the frame of the world wil be destroyed . Ecliptike line . An imagined line , running thorough the middest of the twelue signes , in which the sunne alwayes keepeth his course . Eclog. It is commonly taken for a poeme conteining a communication of shepherds , but the word in Greeke signifieth a collection or choice gathering of things together . Eden . An Hebrew word signifying delectation , or a place of pleasure and delight ▪ Paradise . Edible . Which may bee eaten . Edict . An ordinance made by any in authority : A proclamation or decree . Edifie . To builde , to frame , sometime to instruct . Edifice . A building , a frame . Edification . A building : but most commonly it is taken for an instruction , so plainely deliuered that the hearer profiteth by it . Edition A setting foorth or publishing . Educate . To bring vp , to nourish . Education . A bringing vp . Effectuate To performe . Effeminate . Womanish , nice . Efficacie . Strength , vertue , force . Efficiencie . A bringing to passe . Efficient . Which bringeth to passe or performeth . Effusion . A powring out , a large spending . Eftsoones . Againe , often . Egregious . Notable , excellent . Egresse . A going foorth from any place . Egritude . Griefe of mind , or paine of body . Eiect . To cast out . Eiection . A casting out . Eiulation . A howling , a pitifull crying out . Elaborate . ●urious , done with great paines . Elate . Lifted vp , advanced , proud , loftie . Elation A lifting vp , pride , loftinesse . Elaterium . The iuyce of wilde Cucumbers dryed : Beeing taken inwardly , it purgeth waterish humors , and is good against the dropsie . But it must bee mixed with somewhat to restraine the malice of it , for otherwise ●t will bee painfull in operation . * Eld. Old age . Elect. To choose , or one that is chosen . Election . Choice . Electuary . Any medicine taken inwardly , made of diuers powders mixed together , and by tempering with some syrupes or hony , brought to a soft liquid forme . Elegancy . Finenes , neatnes . Elegant . Fine , neate , picked , trim . Elegie . A mournefull song vsed in funerals , or other passions of sorrow . Elegiacke . Mournefull . Element . The first matter of visible substance , from whence all things take their beginning : wherof there be foure , namely , fire , ayre , water and earth . Sometime it signifieth a letter , is A.B.C. sometime the first foundation , principle , o● instruction of any thing Elementary . Which consisteth of Elements . Eleem●synarie . Giuen in almes , or which giueth almes . Elench . A subtill argument . Eleuate . To lift vp , to aduance . Eleuation . A lifting vp . Elixir . An Arabian word of the same signification that Quintessence is in latine : See Quintessence . Elke . A kind of Yew to make bowes with . Elocution . Vtterance , eloquence Eloine . To put , giue , or sell away . Elong . To put , or set far off . Elude . To mocke or deceiue . Elusion . A mocking , a deceit . Elysian . Of or belonging to Elysium . Elysium . A supposed place of pleasure belowe , where Poets imagined the soules of good men did rest . Embalme . To annoint with baulme . Embassie . An embassage , a message from one Prince to another . Embellish . To make beautifull . Embezill . To steale , to conuey away . Embleme . It properly signifieth any fine worke , cunningly set in wood or other substance , as wee see in chesse boardes and tables ; not withstanding it is commonly taken for a picture or other deuice , shaddowing some matter to be learned by it . Embost . A tearme vsed by hunters , when a Decre is so weary that he fometh at the mouth . Embracer . A lawe terme of him , that when a matter is in tryall , commeth for reward to the barre , being no lawyer , nor witnes and speaketh in fauour , of one of the parties : or which laboureth the Iury , or vseth any vnlawfull practise to make them giue their verdit , as he would haue them . Embrion . A childe vnperfect in the mothers wombe . Emendation . An amending . Emeralde . A precious stone , the greenest of all other , for which cause it is very comfortable to the sight . The best of these stones are brought out of Scythia . And some affirme them to bee taken out of the Griffons neasts , who doe keepe this stone with great crueltie . It is found by experience ( as Albertus writeth ) that if the Emerald be good , it inclineth the bearer thereof to chastitie , and cannot endure the action of lust . There is also a disease sounding neere this word , for which see Hemorrhode . Eminence . Highnes , dignitie , honour . Eminent . High , lofty , honourable . Emmanuel An Hebrew word expressing the dignity of our Sauiour , and is interpreted God with vs. Emolument . Profit , gaine , aduantage . Empannell . To make vp a iurie of twelue , or more men . Emphasis . An expresse or most plaine signification of ones minde . Emphaticall . That which is vttered with most expresse signification , in such sort , that it setteth forth to the full , the intent of the speaker . Empiricke . A phisition that getteth-skill by his owne practise . Emplaster . A plaister or salue made of herbs , powders and oyle boyled together . Empleade . To sue one . Emprimed . A terme vsed by hunters when a Hart first forsaketh the heard . Empyriall heauen . The highest heauen aboue the firmament ; so called ( by a Greeke name ) because of the bright shinning of it Emulate . To enuie , to striue to doe as another doth . Emulation . Enuy : an earnest desire to doe as an other doth . Enarration . A telling or declaring . Enchiridion . It is commonly taken for a little booke , which one may stil carrie in his hand . Encomium . A praise . Encroche . To creepe or presse vpon a man vnlawfully , to get more then his due . Encrochment . A law terme when one man vnlawfully presseth too farre vpon another , as in setting his pale too farre vpon anothers land , the more to enlarge his owne , or in taking more rent then is due . Endorse . To write on the outside of a Letter . Endorsed . A terme of Herauldrie , when two breasts are painted with their backs turned to each other . Energeticall . Very forcible , and strong . Energie . Force , vertue , strength . * Enewed . Made new . Enfranchise . To make free , to admit or receiue one into any corporation . Enfranchisment . A making froe . Enhance . To aduance , or make greater . Enigma . A riddle , a darke speech . Enigmaticall . Obscure : darke , hard to vnderstand , spoken in a riddle . * Enmoised . Comforted . Enormitie . A going out of rule : a great disorder . Enormous . Wicked : very bad . Enquest . A Iury of twelue or moe men . Ensigne . A banner borne in warres : a flagge , or any ornament seruing for a marke of some dignitie . Entalented . Ingrafted . Enthymeme . A terme of Logick : It signifieth an imperfect syllogisme , which wanteth either the Maior or Minor : as for example . Euery sinne deserueth correction . Euery theft is a sinne . Therefore euery theft deserueth correction . Now if wee will leaue the first part ( called the Maior ) and say thus : Euery theft is a sinne : Therefore Euery theft deserueth correction . Or omit the second part ( named the Minor ) and say : Euery sinne deserueth correction , therefore euery theft deserueth correction : Then it is called an Enthymeme , to wit , a keeping in the minde ( for so the word properly signifieth ) because one of these parts is vnderstood in the minde : where note that if the two ends of the Enthymeme are like in speech , then the Minor is wanting , if the two beginnings be like , the Maior is omitted , as may easily appeare by the foregoing example . Enueloped . Wrapped . Enuiron . To cōpasse about . Enumerate . To reckon vp : to declare . Enumeration . A reckoning : a rehearsall . Enunciatiue . Any thing pronounced or spoken . A proposition or speech , which simply affirmeth or denyeth any thing ; as Cicero is vertuous : Cicero is not vertuous . Epact . A number which is in vse euery yeare , to finde the age of the Moone by : This Epact changeth yearly , and is made by the addition of eleuen to the former Epact ; both which numbers are the Epact for the following yeare , but alwaies so , that both those numbers exceede not the number of 30. For if they amount to aboue 30. then must you cast away the 30 and the remaining number shall be the Epact . As for example , in this yeare 1616. the Epact is 22. to which if you adde eleuen for the next yeares Epact , it maketh 33. from which if you take away 30. there will remaine three ; which is the Epact for the next yeare 1617. Note also : whē in any yeere the Epact is ●9 . you must adde 12. to find out the next yeares true Epact , that casting away thirty , the Epact may come to be eleuen In al other nūbers the Epact is stil made ( as before ) by adding eleuen . And these Epacts are euer changed on the first day of March. Ephemerides . A booke wherein day-acts are registred . Commonly it is taken for a Booke of Astronomy ( in vse among such as erect figures to cast mens natiuities ) by which booke is shewen how all the Planets are placed , euery day and houre of the yeare . Ephi . An Hebrew measure conteining about fiue peckes of ours . Ephod . A holy garment worne by the high Priest of the Hebrewes , when he executed his function . It couered the backe , and was curiously wrought with gold and twisted silke of Purple , Scarlet , and Violet colour . On the shoulders there were fit two great precious Onix stones , and in them grauen the names of the twelue sonnes of Iacob , called the twelue Patriarches , in the right shoulder the sixe eldest , and in the left the fixe youngest ; that the High Priest entering into the Sanstum Sanctorium ( which was the holiest place of the Temple ( might beare with him the names of the people , for whom hee was to pray vnto God. Epicycle . A terme vsed in Astronomy . It signifieth a lesser circle , whose center or middle part is in the circumference of a greater circle . In the vpper part of this Epicycle , the fiue Planets Saturne , Iupiter , Mars , Venus , and Mercurie , doe goe forward according to the course of the signes ; as Aries to Taurus , &c. in the lower part they are retrograde , that is , goe backward , as from Gemini to Taurus , from Taurus to Aries againe . Betweene these two motions , are said to bee two stations ; namely when a Planet ceaseth going forward , and beginneth to be retrograde , or comming to the farthest point of his retrogradation , goeth forward againe : so that in the Epicycle , these Planets wheele about somtime according , sometime contrary to the order of the signes . Epicure . It is commonly taken with vs , for a man giuen ouer much to pleasure , especially in gluttony . In ancient times it signified one that followed the sect of a Philosopher , named Epicurus , who taught that the greatest happines was , to bee without paine , and enioy pleasure of body and minde . Epigramme . It properly signifieth a superscription or writing set vpon any thing ; now it is cōmonly taken for a short wittie poeme , which vnder a fained name , doth couertly praise or taxe some particular person or thing . Epilepsie . The falling sicknesse , whereto most commonly children and yong folk are subiect . This disease is caused by some humor or vapor , suddenly stopping the passage of spirits in the braine , which the brain striuing to excel causeth the patient to fall downe , and commonly fome at the mouth . Epilog . The conclusion or end of a matter . A speech made , after an enterlude or play is ended . Epiphanie . An appearing or manifestatiō . The feast of Twelfe day at Christmas is so called , because then the appearing of a new star did manifest the birth of our Sauiour . Episcopall . Of , or belonging to a Bishop . Epitaph . An inscription or writing set vpon a toombe ; most commonly in lamentation or praise of the party there buried . Epithere . Any word or short sentence , added to a Noune substantiue , to expresse some quality of it : as in saying , Barbarous crueltie , vnbridled lust : anger , the short madnes of the mind : where barbarous , vnbridled , and the short madnesse of the mind , are Epithetes expressing the quality of cruelty , lust and anger . Epitome . An abridgement or short gathering of any matter in writing . Ephitomize . To make an abridgement or short gathering . Equanimity . Vprightnes of hart , quietnes of mind . Equinoctiall . An imagined line , passing iust in the midst betweene the two poles of heauen , to which line , the sun cōming twice a yeare , ( namely about the xi . of March and the xi . of September ) maketh the dates and nights of equall length in all the world ; for which cause it is called Equinoctiall : The signes Aries and Libra doe both begin at this line . Equipage . Furniture or prouision for horsemanship ; especially in triumphs or turnaments . Equiualence . The equall value of one thing with another . Equiualent . Of equal value to another thing . Equiuocate . To speak or answer with a secret meaning reserued in ones own mind ; which peraduenture the hearers do not vnderstand . Equiuocation . A speech or answer made , with a secret meaning reserued in ones mind . Equiuocke . When one word signifieth two things Erased . A terme of Heraldrie , when any member of a beast seemeth torne from the body . Erebus . Hel , or a riuer in hell . Erect . To lift vp . Erection . A lifting vp . Eremite . See Hermite . Ereption . A taking away . Ermines . A little beast lesse then a Squirrell , the furre whereof is very costly , worne onely by Princes or great Potentates , It hath a taile of a thumbe length , and is browne . Ermine in Heraldry somtime signifieth white powdred with blacke , and Ermines , blacke powdred white . Errant . Wandring : hauing no certaine abode . Erroneous . Full of error : deceiued . Erst . Heretofore . Erudition . Learning , instruction . Eruption . A violent breaking out . Escheate . To bee forfeited to the King , or chiefe Lord. Escheater . An officer that obserueth and certifieth into the Exchequer , such things , as do escheate vnto the King. Escript . A writing . Escuage . A tenure of lands , whereby the tenant is bound at his own charge to follow his Lord into the warres : either in Scotland or Wales : sometime in this tenure , the Tenant , only payeth a yearely rent . Escuerconera . An hearbe in the West Indies , so named because it is of great vertue , against the deadly stingings or bitings of certaine venemous beastes , which in that country they call Escuercos . Esperance . Hope . Essayes . Tryals . Essence . The beeing or naturall substance of any thing . Essenes . Certaine religious men among the Iews , which liued a very strict life , abstaining from wine , flesh , and women . Essential . That which belongeth to the essence of a thing . Essoine . A tearme in the common Lawe , when a man cannot well appeare at a day appointed in court and is therfore allowed by the Court to bee absent without penalty . Estreate . A copy which is taken of any writing . Estouers . Flots of wood , growing in heathes , commons , and other places , where it is lawfull for tenants to take fewell , and timber to repayre their tenements . Eternall . Which hath no beginning nor end . Eternity . Euerlastingnes . Etheriall . Heauenly , or belonging to the celestiall spheres . Ethikes . Bookes of morall Philosophy , treating of ciuil behauiour and maners . Ethnike . A gentill : a Heathen : one that is no Christian . Etymologie . The true exposition or reason giuen of any word . Euacuate . To empty . Euacuation . An emptying . Euade . To escape : to get away . Euangelicall . Of or belonging to the Gospell : commanded in the Gospel . Euangelist . A bringer of good tydings : wherefore Saint Mathew , Saint Mark , S Luke , and S Iohn , are called Euangelists , because they first in writing published the ioyfull History of our Redemption by the Sonne of God. Euaporate . To consume away in vapour . Euaporation . A vapor or smoake passing from any thing . Euasion . An escape : a starting hole to get out . Eucharist . It properly signifieth a giuing of thankes . In Ecclsiasticall writings it is often taken for the B. Sacrament of the body & blood of Christ . Euecke . A kinde of wilde beast like a Goate . Euent . The end or successe of a matter . Euert . To ouerthrow . Euersion . An ouerthrowing . Euiction . An ouerthrow in Law. Euitable . Which may bee auoided . Eunuche . A gelded man. Euphorbium . A gum or teare of a strange plant , growing on the mount Atlas in Lybia . It is yellowish , cleere , and brittle . It may be vsed in oyntments against palsies , crampes , and shrinking of sinewes : but to be taken inwardly is very dangerous , vnlesse the malice thereof be wel corrected ; for it scaldeth and is exceeding hot , neere the fourth degree . Europe . One of the three parts of the world lying toward the West . In it are cōtained , England , Spain , France ▪ Germany , Italie , all Greece , Creete , or Candy , beside many other kingdoms , great countries and ylands . Some affirme it to bee called Europe of Europa , King Agenors daubter , whom Iupiter ( as Poets feine ) in likenesse of a Bull , carried ouer sea , into the yland Candy . Exact . To demaund with great earnestnesse , or with constraint : also it signifieth perfect and accomplished . Exaction . A pilling or taking vp of money by constraint . Exaggerate . To increase or amplifie a matter : properly , with words to make a thing more then it is . Exaggeration . An increasing or amplyfying by words . Examinate . To amaze . Examination . An amazement . Exasperate . To anger , or prouoke one greatly to anger . Exasperation . A prouoking or stirring one to anger . Excesse . Which exceedeth or is too much . Excite . To stirre vp . Exclamation . A crying out . Exclude . To shut out . Exclusion . A shutting out . Excogitate . To deuise . Excommunicate . To cast out of the communion or the Church . Excommunication . A casting out of the Church . Excrement . Any thing which naturally growing or being in the body , may bee taken away without harme to the body . Excression . A growing out . A swelling or bunch . Excruciate . To torment . Excursion . A running out , a light skirmish . Execrable . Wicked , worthy to be detested . Execration . A cursing . Exemplarie . Of , or belonging to an example . Exemplifie . To declare a matter at large , to alledge examples . Exempt . Free or priuiledged from any payment or seruice . Exemption . A freedome or a priuiledge from any businesse . Exequies . Funerall solemnities in honour of the dead . Exhale . To cast or send forth a breath or fume . Exhalation . A fumie smoake , hotte and drie , drawne out of the earth by the heate of the Sunne , which being inflamed , is the materiall cause of diuers fierie impressions in the ayre . Exhaust . To consume , spend , or waste . Exhibite . To present , offer , or giue . Exhilarate . To make merry , to comfort . Exhortatorie . Which exhotteth or perswadeth to doe a thing Exiccate . To dry , to make dry . Exigent . A straight , a hard pinch . Exile . Banishment . Exinanite . To make emptie , to spoile , weaken , or make of no force . Exodus . A going forth . The second Booke of Moses , is so called , because it treateth of the manner how the children of Israel went out of Egypt . Exonerate . To vnburden , to acquite or discharge . Exorable . Which may be intreated . Exorbitant . That which goeth out of due proportion , or the right way . Exorcize . To adiure , to binde by oath : to charge one vpon conscience o● grieuous penaltie , to speak truly , or doe any thing required . Exorcisme . An adiurin● or binding by oath . Exordium . The first entrance of a sermon , oration , or such like speech . Expect . To looke for before it come . Expectation . A looking for , a longing . Expedite . Quicke , readie . Expeditate . To cut off the balles or ( as some say ) certaine clawes of great dogs feete , which are kept neere a forest , that they may not harme the Kings Deere . The dogs so cut , are said to be expeditated . Expedition . Quicke dispatch , speede , sometime a setting forth vnto warre ; a voyage . Expell . To thrust out , to dr●ue away . Experiment . An experience , proofe or triall . Expert . Cunning , skilfull . Expiable . Which may be purged or satisfied for . Expiate . To pacifie , to appease , to recompence . Expiation . Pacifying , appeasing by sacrifice . Expire . To dye , end , perish , or decay . Expiration . A dying , a breathing out , an end . Explane . To make plain , to declare plainly . Explanation . A making plaine , a declaring . Explicate . To vnfolde , open , or to declare at large . Explication . An vnfolding or opening . Explode . To driue out with clapping the hands . Explosion . A driuing away . Expose . To set forth : to set to view ; to put abroad in hazard . Exposition . An interpretation or expounding . Expositour . An expounder or interpreter . Expostulate . To reason angerly with one ; to childe or complaine , as finding himselfe grieued . Expostulation . An angry reasoning or complaint . Expression . A wringing or squeasing out . Exprobrate . To vpbraid , to cast in ones teeth . Exprobration . An vpbraiding . Expugne . To conquer : to winne by assault . Expugnation . A conquest : a winning by fight . Expulse . To thrust out . Expulsion . A thrusting out , a driuing away . Exquisite . Excellent , curious . Extant . That which standeth abroad or in sight ; which may be found . Extempore . Out of hand ; presently , without studie . Extend . To stretch forth , to shew at length . Extension . A stretching out . Extenuate . To diminish : to make by words , a thing seeme lesse then it is . Extenuation . A diminishing . Exterior . Outward . Exterminate . To banish : to driue away . Extermination . A destroying , or rooting out . Externe . Forten : outlandish , strange , outward . Externall . Outward , strange . Extinguish . To quench , to put out . Extinct . Quenched , dead , put out . Extirpe . To destroy , to roote out . Extirpate . To roote vp : to destroy . Extirpation . A rooting vp . Extort . To wrest away , to take by force . Extortion . Wrong done by any officer , in taking greater fees or rewards , for executing his office , then the lawes will allow him . Extortioner . He that committeth extortion . Extract . To draw forth . Extraction . A drawing out . Extrauagant . Wandering , disordered , when there are many needelesse matters or wordes brought in beside the purpose . Extrinsecall . Outward , or on the outside . Exulcerate . To raise blisters or sores . Exulceration . A rising of blisters or sores in the bodie . Exulte . To reioyce greatly , to triumph ouer one . Exultation . A great reioycing . F FAbricate . To frame , to build . Fabrike . A frame , a building . Fabulous . False as a fable . Facile . Easie , Facilitie . Easinesse . Faction . A sect or diuision into sundry opinions . Factious . Contentious , troublesome , vnquiet . Factor . Hee that buyeth and selleth for a merchant , or that looketh to his businesse . Facultie . Power , ability , a trade or course of life , a priuiledge or power granted , that a man may doe something , which without such priuiledge he could not doe . Facundite . Eloquencie . Fage . A fable . Falding . A kind of course cloth . Fallacie . Deceit in words . Falsitie . To counterfeite , or make false . Falsification . A counterfeiting , or making false . Fa●●●ie . Falsehood , deceit . Fanaticall . Distracted , mad , franticke , out of his wits . Farcines . A disease in beasts : it is a creeping vlcer growing in knottes , and following along some veine . Farced . Stuffed , full . Fascinate . To bewitch . Fastidious . Disdainfull , loathing , proud . Fate . Destiny , that which must of necessitie come to paste , by Gods secret appointment . Fatall . That which happeneth or commeth to passe by fate . Faunes . Poeticall gods of the woods . Fauorite . One in great fauour . Fealtie . A ceremony done by some tenants to the Lord of whome they hold lands : which is in laying their right hand vpon a booke , and promising fidelitie to him by oath . Feature . Hansomnesse , comelinesse , beauty . Fecundity . Fruitfulnes . Fleere . A companion , a husband or wife . Felicity . Happinesse . Fell. A skinne , sometime it signifieth fierce , terrible , or frowning . Feminine . Of or belonging to the female . Fencemonth . A month so called , because the it is not lawfull to hunt in any forrest , for that the does then do fawn . This month beginneth about the ninth of Iune , and continueth till the ninth of Iuly . Fengreeke . A plant or herbe , the seede whereof is much vsed in Physicke . It is yellow , beeing hot in the second degree and dry in the first , and hath power to mollifie and dissolue . Feodarie . An officer who is to be present with the Escheater , at the finding of any office , and to suruey wards lands , and to rate them . Feofment . A deede witnessing the sale or gift of lands in fee simple , with liuery of seisiae , and possession thereof . He that maketh the Feofment is called the the Feofer , and the party to whome it is made , the Feofee . Feriae . Any day of the weeke kept holy . Fers . The Queene in chesse play . Fertile . Fruitfull , yeelding much . Fertility . Fruitfulnesse . Feruent . Hot. Feruour . Heate . Ferula . A rod , sticke , or thinne paulmer , wherewith children are corrected in schooles vpon the hand . Fessepoint . The middle part of a scutcheon , whose breadth is diuided into three euen parts . Festiuall . Merry , ioyfull , belonging to a feast . Festiuitie . Mirth reioycing , pleasantnes , merrinesse . Feud . Hatred , enmitie , strife . Fewmets , or Fewmishing . The dung of a Deere . Fiants . The dung of a Fox or Badget . Fiction . A feined deuice , a lye . Fidelity . Faithfulnesse . Figment . A vaine deuice , a lye , a counterfeit tale . Figuratiue . That which figureth or serueth but as a representation of another thing . Filiall . Of or belonging to a sonne . Filme . A fine thinne skinne within the body , deuiding the flesh or any neere member one from another . Fine . An end : sometime money payed when one first taketh land for yeares . Finall . Of or belonging to an ende , the last . * Finance . An end . Finite . Which hath an end . Fire-drake . A fire sometime seene , flying in the night like a Dragon . Common people thinke it a spirit , that keepeth some treasure hidde : but Philosophers affirme it to be a great vnequall exhalation ; inflamed betweene two Cloudes , the one hot , the other colde ( which is the reason that it also smoketh . ( the middle part whereof , according to the proportion of the hotte Cloud , being greater than the rest , maketh it seeme like a belly , and both ends like vnto a head and taile . Firme . Strong , stable , stedfast . Firmament . Astronomers vnderstand by this word , the eighth spheare , next aboue the spheres of the seauen Planets , in which all the fixt Starres are placed . Firmity . Strength , stedfastnesse . Fistike nuts . Outlandish nuts , brought out of Syria and other hotte countries , not much vnlike a small hasell nutte . They are very good against the stoppings of the liuer , being steeped all night in some sweete wine , and so eaten in the morning . They are good also to vnstop the lungs , and for such as are troubled with shortnesse of breath , and are comfortable for the stomacke ; yet they nourish but little , being taken as meate . Fistula . A daungerous vlcer or sore still running . It goeth vp into the body with a long narrow hole , like a pipe , and is commonly hard in the outside . Fitch . The furre of the Polecat . Fixe . To fasten . Fixed Fastened . Flagitious . Wicked , verie lewd . Flamine . A great Priest amongst the Gentiles . There were three such at Rome . One called Flamen Dialis : The Priest of Iupiter : who ware rich vestments , and had a chaire of Estate . If his Wife chanced to dye , he thereupon went presently out of his office : It was not lawful for him to abide one night out of the City , nor yet to affirme any thing by oath ; for his word was held of sufficient credite . The other two Flamins , were the Flamine of Mars , and the Flamine of Romulus , called Quirinus . Flankards . Hunters call so two knots or nuts , in the flanke of a Deere . Flebotomie . See Phlebotomie . Flegmaticke . Full of fleagme , or inclining to fleagme . Flexibility . Aptnesse to bend . Flexible . Pliant , easie to bend . * Flo. An arrow . Floreine . A coyne , Whereof there be two sorts : one about the valew of three shillings foure pence , the other about two shillings ten pence fatthing . Fluent , Which floweth or aboundeth . Flux . A flowing or issue of bloud . Fluxibility . Aptnesse to flow or spread abroad . Fluxible . Which is apt to flow or run abroad . Foyling . The print of a Deers foot in grasse , when it cannot well be seene . Foemen . Enemies . Foines . A kinde of furre brought for the most part out of France : the top of this furre is black , and the ground whitish : the beast that beareth it , is about the bignesse of a Cat. Foson . Great plenty , store . Foiterers . Vagabonds . Folio . A sheete or large leafe of paper . Fomentation . In Physick it properly signifieth , powders or dry things in bags , or any liquor in a sponge or bladder , applied warme to the body , to mitigate paine , or for some other purpose . Footstall . The lower part of a pillar , wheron it standeth . Foppe . A foole . Foppery . Foolishnesse , a vaine matter . Forage . Prouision for horses and cattell in the warres . Forcer . A cofer , or little chest . Forester . Hee that hath charge to looke to a forrest , or some part of . Foreloyne . A tearme in hunting , when a hound meeteth a chace , and goeth away with it before the rest . Forlorne . Vtterly vndone , in a desperate estate . Formalitie . An obseruing of good forme or order . Formall . That which keepeth due forme . Formositie . Beautie , fairenesse . Forestall . To buy victuall or other merchandise by the way before it come to the faire or market ; to sell it againe at a dearer price . Forestaller . He that doth forestall , and buy things in such sort . Fortifie . To make strong . Fortification A hold , any place made strong . Fortitude . Courage , strength , valour . Forewelked , Dried vp . Foster . To cherish , to bring vp , to keepe . Fother . A waineloade of 2000. weight . Fracture . A breaking . Fragilitie . Weakenesse , britlenesse . Fragment . A broken peece , a cantle . Fragrant . Sweete smelling . * Frape . A companie , a rabble . Fraternitie . A brotherhood . Fraud . Deceit , cousenage . Fraudulent . Deceitfull . Fray. Harts or stags are said to fray their heads , when they rubbe them , to make the pilles of their new hornes come of . * Frend. Strange . Frequent . Often , common , also to haunt or resort much to a place . Frequentation . A haunting or resorting to a place . Frication . A rubbing . Friction . A rubbing . Friuolous . Vaine , foolish , of no account . Froise . A pancake , a tansie . Front. A forehead , the first part of a battell , an entrance or beginning . Frontire . The bounds or limits of a countrey . Frontlet . Any thing worne on the forehead . * Frownce . A wrinckle . Fructisie . To beare fruite . Frugall . Thriftie , sparing . Frugalitie . Thriftinesse , good husbandry . Frustrate . To make void , to deceiue , to disappoint . Fugitiue . One likely to runne away , a vagrant person , a run-away . Fumigation . A perfume , any thing which being cast on hot coales , maketh a sweet smell . Function . An office , a charge which one hath , a course of life . Fundamentall . Of or belonging to the foundation , or to the maine , chiefe , and principall point . Funerall . A solemne buriall of some great person . Furies . Three imaginarie hags or spirits in hell , hauing snakes growing on them in stead of haires . Poets feyned them to bee daughters of Acheron ( a riuer in hell ) and of the night , and to haue the office of tormenting the soules of wicked men . Their names were Alecto , Megara , and Tisiphone . Fusible . That may bee molten . Future . That which shall be hereafter . G * GAb. To prate or lye . Gabbing . Lying . Gabions . Baskets of earth to keepe off great shot . Gable . The fore-front or end of a house comming downe right . Gaynest . Most profitable or neerest . * Gadling . Stragling . Galingale . An herbe so called , the roote whereof is hot and drie in the third degree , and much vsed in physicke . Galbanum . A gumme or liquor drawne forth of a plant in Syria called Metopion , It is of a strange sauour , and very pure , close and firme , neither too moist , not too drie . It is good against an olde rough , and for such as cannot easily fetch breath : and the perfume thereof driueth Serpents from the place where it is burned . * Galiard . Lustie , frolike . * Galoch . A kinde of shooe . * Galpe . To belch . Gangrene . A dangerous disease when any fleshie part of the body , after some great inflammation or other griefe , losing the or other colour , beginneth to grow insensible , and by degrees to waxe dead . Garbe . A terme in Heraldrie . It signifieth sheafe of Wheate , or any other graine . Garbell . To purifie or cleane spice or other things , from the droffe or dust which is mingled with it . Gargarize . To wash or scowre the mouth with any Physicall liquor . Gargarisme . A liquor to wash the mouth . Gargill . The same that Gargarize . * Gargoning . Strange speaking . Garrulitie . Pratling , vaine babling . Garter . It sometime signifieth the principall of our English Heralds , called the King at armes . Gatherbag . The bagge or skin , inclosing a yong red Deere in the Hyndes belly . Gauelkinde . Customes annexed vnto certaine lands in Kent , called Gauelkinde lands : whereof one is , that if the Father be hanged for fellony ; the Sonne shall enioy all his landes and tenements holden in Gauelkinde . Other customes there are of Gauelkinde , too long to bee rehearsed in this plrce . Gawgeour . An officer hauing authoritie , to giue a marke of allowance , to all Tuns , Hogsheads , Pipes , Barrels , &c. of Wine . Oyle , Hony , and Butter , before they ought to bee sold . * Gawre . To stare . Gahenna . It properly signifieth a place in a valley , in the Tribe of Beniamin , where the Israelites erected abhominable altars , there sacrificing their children in fire to the Idoll Moloch : notwithstanding it is vsually taken for hell . Gemme . A iewell . Geneologie . A pedegree ; a declaration of ones linage , stocke , or race . Generable . Which may be begotten . Generate . To beget . Generositie . Noblenesse of minde . Gentlemanlike courage . Generous . Noble , valiant , vertuous . Genesis . A generation . The first Booke of Moses is so called in Greeke and Latine , because it declareth the creation and generation of all things . Genet . A goodly horse of Spaine . Genets . A beast almost of the bignesse of a Cat breeding in Spaine . There are two colours of them , blacke and gray ; but the furre of the blacke is most esteemed . Genius . The spirit or soule : A good Angell , or a familiar euill spirit . Gentill . Among the Iewes , all were Gentiles , that were not of one of the twelue tribes : now we commonly call them Gentiles , that professe not the faith of Christ . Gentilisme . The opinion or beleefe of the Gentiles . Gentilitie . The fame that Gentilisme is . Geographie . A description of the earth , as we see in Maps . Geomancie . See Diuination . Geometrie . An art of due proportion consisting in lineaments , formes distances , and greatnesse . There are foure principles hereof : to wit , 1. A prick or point : 2. A line . 3. a superfices or outside : 4. a bodie . This art was of great estimation among the auncient Grecians . Geometrician One skilfull in Geometrie . G●orgikes . Bookes treating of husbandrie and tillage of land . * Gerifull . Changeable ; sometime cruell . * Gesseran . A breastplate . Gesticulation : A moouing of the fingers , hands or othet parts , eyther idle wantonnesse , or to expresse some matter by signes , in dauncing , singing , or other such like exercise . Gestes . Deeds , noble acts . Geules . A tearme among Heralds : It signifieth a vermilion colour . * Gibbon . A doublet : a light cote . * Gipsere . A bagge or pouch . Girle . A Roe Bucke of two yeares . * Gisarnie : A certaine weapon . * Gite . A gowne . Giue , A fetter or chaine . Glaine . A weapon like an halberd . * Glede . Fire : embers ; flame , ashes : sometime a bird called a Puttoke . * Glee . Mirth or ioyfulnesse . * Gleere . White . * Glinne . A little village , or part of a village . Glister . A liquor made sometime with sodden flesh , sometime with decoction of hearbes or other things , which by a pipe , is conueyed into the lower parts of the body . It is written that the vse hereof was first learned from a bird in Egypt , called Ibis , much like vnto a Storke , which Bird doth often with her bill , open her hinder parts , when nature of her selfe doth not expell what is needfull . Globe . A great round Bowle : or a description of the world made in such a forme . Glosse . A short exposition of any darke speech . Glow . To be hot and red , to shine , to burne . * Gnarre . A hard knotte in wood : sometime a short thicke fellowe , a chub . Gnathonicall . Flattering ; deceitfull in words : soothing ones humour , to get by him . * Gnesse . A Foole , a Churle . Goldfoile . A thin leafe of gold . Golden number . A number which changeth euery yeare , by adding one to the golden number of the yeare going before , vntill it grow as high as nineteene , and then the golden number returneth to one againe . For example , this yeare 1616. the golden number is two : the next yeare therefore it wil be three , &c. This golden number was deuised to finde out the feast of Easter . Golgotha . A Syrian word , signifying a place of dead mens sculles . It was a place at Ierusalem on the North side of Mount Sion , so called because there lay the sculles of offenders put to death . * Goherdise . He that hath a fowle great mouth . Gomor . The name of an Hebrew measure , conteyning more than a Gallon . The Israelites when they were fedde from heauen with Manna in the desert , receiued euery one , this measure full for a dayes allowance . * Gonfennon . A little flag . Gordian knot . A knotte which cannot be loosed . Gorgon . A terrible fighting Woman . Poets feine , there were foure such , Daughters to King Phorcus : their names were Scylla , Medusa , Stenio , and Euryale . Gossomor . Things that flye like Cobwebs in the ayre . Gourmand . A glutton . Gourmandize . Gluttony : sometime to eate like a Glutton , Graces . A poeticall fiction of three sisters , supposed the Daughters of Iupiter and Venus . They were called Aglaia ▪ Thalia , and Euphorsyne . The morality of this inuention was , to expresse the mutual loue and cheerefull conuersation which ought to be amongst friends : For they were painted naked , to signifie that friendship ought to be plain without dissimulation ; smiling and merry , to shew that men should do good willingly ; yong & maidēlike , to teach that friendship should consist in honest things ; and holding hands together in a round ring , to shew that a benefite bestowed , doth againe returne to the giuer . Gradation . A going by steps , or a speaking by certaine degrees . Graduall . That which was said or sung , betweene the Epistle and the Gospell . Graduate . Hee that hath taken degree of learning in a publike Vniuersitie . Graines of Paradise . A litle seede , brought out of Armenia , of a strong sweet smell , and somewhat sharp in taste . It is hot and dry , of a subtil substance , and often vsed in Physick . For it warmeth the inward parts , and is good against the falling sicknesse , the Sciatica , the Strangurie , bytings of venemous beastes and diuers other diseases . * Grame . Sorrow , mishap , anger . Gramaticall . Of , or belonging to Grammer . Granadillia . A fruite like a Pomegranat growing in India . Grand . Great . Grandour . Greatnesse . * Graythed . Deuised . * Gratch . Apparell . Gratefull . Thankfull . Gratifie . To pleasure one , to offer one a kindnesse To do a good turne . Gratification . A pleasuring of one , a good turne . Gratis . Freely , without cost . Gratitude . Thankfulnes . Gratuity . A benefite or gift giuen onely for good will : sometime thankefulnesse , or a reward . Gratulate . To signifie that we reioyce at the prosperity of another . Gratulation . A reioycing for anothers good . A thanksgiuing . Grauity : Heauinesse : also sagenes , great discretion . Graund Sergeanty . An olde tenure in the Common Lawe , when a man holds lands or tenements of the king , to go with him into the wars , or to beare his banner , leade his host , or doe some such like seruice . Graunge . A village , or lone house in the countrey . * Gr●e . Good part . Griffine . A strange bird in India , with foure feete armed with cruell clawes , being from the breast vpward fashioned like an Eagle , but of purple colour , with red fierie eyes , and whitish wings , and in the hinder part blacke , made much like a Lyon. This bird neasteth in the high mountaines , and is exceeding hard to be taken , except very young , for he wil aduenture on any man , and is so fierce , that hee often killeth Elephants & Dragons . Hee is most enemy to horses : for which cause Virgill in his eight Eclog , bringeth in the shepheard Damon , who wondered at a strange marriage , speaking thus : Iungunturiam gryphes equis , &c. The Griffins fierce are ioyned with horses now . * Grith . Agreement . Gruell . Potage . Guacata● . An herb growing in the West Indies of great vertue against the piles , or griefs proceeding from cold or windinesse . Guaiacum . A wood called by some Lignum vita . It is much vsed in Physick against the French disease . Guaiauas . A fruit growing in India much like vnto apples . Guerdon . A reward . Guerdonles . Vnrewarded . * Guerring . Brawling . Gumme Arabicke . A kind of gumme , growing on a thorne tree , called Acacia in Egypt , Guzes . The ball of the eye . A terme in heraldry , Gymnosophists . Certaine Philosophers in India , that went alwayes naked , & liued solitary in woods ; the first beginner of which sect , was ( as S. Ierome writeth cont . Iouinian ) named Buddas . * Gyre . A trance . H HAberdepoise . A pound weight which conteineth sixteene ounces . Habit. The outward attire of the bodie , whereby one person may be distinguished from another ; as the habit of Gentleman , is d●●ferent from the habit of a merchant , and the habit of Handi-crafts man differing from them both . Sometime it signifieth a qualitie in the bodie or minde , not naturall , but gotten by long custome , or infused by God : as an Orator still exercised in making orations , hath gotten a habit of eloquent speaking ; and the holy Apostles had a habit to vndersand and speake languages without studie . Habitable . Which may be dwelled in . Habitation . A dwelling place . Habituall . Growne to a habit by long custome . * Hailse . Charge . * Haine . Hatred . * Haketon . A sleeuelesse ●acke● . Halituous . Vaporous , thin , moist , which may be voided out by the pores . * Halse A necke . * Halke . A corner , a valey . * Hamelet . Cut off , abated . Hamkin . A pudding made vpon the bones of a shoulder of mutton , all the flesh being first taken off . Hamlet . A village in the countrey . Hague . A hand gunne of about three quarters of a yard long . Haguebut . A gunne or harquebuse . Harbinger . One that taketh vp lodging for others Hariam . A tearme in Herauldry when a fish is painting standing vpright . Harmonie . Delightfull musicke of many notes . Harmonious . Sweete , pleasant , delightful to the eare . Harpyes . A Poeticall word . It signifieth certaine monstrous birds , with maiden faces , & crooked sharp talons , so called because of their rapine which they vsed . They liued in Stymphalis a lake of Arcadia , and were sent by the gods ( if we beleeue Poets ) to snatch away and defile the meate of Phineus , king of that countrey , because he at the perswasion of his second wife , had destroyed the children which he had by his first ; they were at last driuen away by Ze●us , and Calais the sonnes of Boreas . These Harpyes were named , . Aello , O●yp●te , Cel●no , and Thy●lla . Harquebuze . A hand Gunne . Harquebuzier . He that shooteth in a hand Gunne . * Harrow . An old word signifying , away , fie . Haubergion . A coate of male . Hauoire . Possession . * Hauselins . Breeches . * Hawbacke .. To returne . Hawberke . A gorget . Hearse . A buriall coffin couered with blacke . Hecatombe . A great sacrifice wherein were offered a hundred beasts . Hecticke . A Feuer inflaming the Heart , and soundest parts of the body . Heisugge . A bird which hatcheth the Cuckooes egges . Hemisphere . Halfe the compasse of the heauens : that part of the heauens which is still visible to vs. Hemistich . Halfe a verse . Hemorrhodes . A swelling of the veines in the fundament like werts : whereof some doe vse to bleede often , and some bleede not at all . They are caused by superfluitie of grosse melancholy blood , sent to those parts from the liuer , beeing many times healthfull to the patient , by preuenting other diseases ; and therefore ought not hastily to be stopt , vnlesse through continuance , the body bee too much weakened by them . Henchman A page of honour , neere attendant to a Prince , or other great personage . * Hend . Gentle. * Hent . To catch or lay hold of . Herbage . Pasture , or the feeding of cattel in pasture Herball . A booke of the nature of herbes . Herbinger . See harbinger . Hereticall . Obstinate in a false beleefe , belonging to an Hereticke . Hereti●e . He that maketh ●is owne choice , what ●oints of religion he will ●eleeue , and what he will ●ot bel●eue . Hered●arie . That which ●ommeth to one by inheritance . Herio . The best liuing ●east which a Tenant hath 〈◊〉 his death , which in some ●lanno●s is due to the ●ord of whom the land is holden . Hermaphorodite . Of both natures : which is both man and woman . Hermite . One dwlling solitarie in the wildernesse attending onely to deuotion . Hermitage . A lone house where an hermite dwelleth . Hermodactiles . Little roots white and round , solde by Apothecaries . They are hot and dry in the second degree , and are much vsed against all gouts , purging slimy fleame from farthest parts of the body : but they must bee taken with Ginger , Anniseed or Cummin , and a little Masticke , or else by stirring windinesse , they will ouerturne the stomacke . Heroes . Great Noble men . Heroycall . Noble , honorable , couragious . Heroike . The same , as Heroicall . Hests . Commandements or decrees . Hi●eroscians . Any people dwelling vnder a temperate Zone : so called because their shadowes at noone bend still but one way . Hew . Colour . Hewte . A little copse or groue . Heyward . A bayliffe , or officer hauing charge to looke to the fields . Hiacinth . See Hyacinth . Hide of land . Some affirme it to be a hundred acres . Hidage . A taxe or payment for euery hide of land . Hidebound . A disease in cattell when the skin cleaueth to their sides . Hideous . Terrible , vgly . Hiena . See Hyena . Hierapiera . A bitter confection made of Aloe succotrina , and other simples , often vsed in Physicke to purge Choler out of the stomacke . Hierarchie . The holy order of Angels , which conteining nine degrees ( as some affirme ) is a mystical resemblance of the B. Trinitie , there being in nine , thrice three , and in euery three thrice one . So that there are three superiour , three inferiour , and three middle degrees . The superiour are Seraphines , Cerubines , and Thrones ; the middle , Dominations , principalities , Powers : The inferiour , vertues , Archangels , and Angels . Hieroglyphikes . A darke mysticall kind of writing , vsed chiefely in times past among the Pagan priests and learned men of Egypt to hide their knowledge from the vulgar sort . This writing was by making the formes of beasts and diuers other figures , and could hardly bee vnderstood without exposition , or great knowledge in the nature of things . For example : Eternity or Euerl●stingnesse , they expresse● by a round circle , which hath no end : A king , by a scepter with an eye 〈◊〉 the toppe thereof : A m●●ter of haste , by a Dolphin , the swiftest of all fishes . And a matter of deliber●tion or aduice , by an A●chor , which stayeth a ship in the waues . With a thousand such deuices , not subiect to common capacities to finde out . Hight . Was named . Hillocke A little hill . Hin . An Hebrew me●sure or moist things , containing ( by Agricolas account ) foure pottles and a quart of ours . Santes Pag●●nus affirmeth it to contain , threescore and twelue egges . Hip. The red berry on the bryer . Hipocrite , See Hypocrite . Historian . A writer or teller of History . Historicall . Of or belonging to a History . Histori●grapher . A writer of Histories . Historiologie . The knowledge , and telling of old histories . Hoane . A fine kinde of whetstone . Hogsteere . A wilde bore of three yeares old . Holocaust . A sacrifice wherein the whole beast is offered , and no part reserued . Holt. A groue . Homage . In Court Barons , the Iury that are sworne to enquire of matters , are so called . It signifieth also a seruil ceremony , of duty by some Tenants to their Lords , after this manner . The Tenant that holdeth Landes by homage , kneeling on both knees before the Lord ( who sitteth and holdeth the Tenants hands between his ) saith as followeth . I become your man , from this day forward , of life and member , and of earthly honour , and to you shall bee faithfull and true , and shall beare to you faith for the Lands I claime to holde of you , sauing the faith that I owe to our Lord the King. And then the Lord sitting must kisse the Tenant . Homager . One that doth of oweth homage . Homicide . A manslayer : sometime manslaughter . Homilie . A talking together : a speech , or a Sermon . Homonymie . A terme in Logicke , when one word signifieth diuers things : as hart : signifying a beast , and a principall member of the body . Honour point : In herauldry the vpper part of a Scutcheon , is so called when the breadth thereof , is diuided into three euen parts . * Hopesteres . Pilots to guide a shippe . Horizon . All imaginary line compassing the lowest part of the heauens that we can see ; so called because it limiteth our sight , diuiding the heauens vnderneath vs , from that which is aboue . The Sun rising and going downe is euer in this line . Horologe . A Clocke , or Dyall . Horoscope . The Ascedent of ones natiuity , to witte , that part of the firmament which ascendeth from the East , when a childe is borne . Astrologers call it , the first house . Horride . Terrible : fearefull to looke on . Horrour . Great feare or trembling . * Horrow . Beastly ; base , slanderous . Hosanna . An Hebrew word , which signifieth , Saue I beseech thee . Hospitality . Entertainement of strangers , good house keeping . Hostage . A pledge left in warres for performance of couenants . Hostile . Of or belonging to an enemy : malicious , harmefull . Hostility . Enmity : hatred , open warre . Hotchpot A terme in our common Lawe , when a daughter which hath had giuen vnto her any lands in Frankemarriage , clayming to bee coheire after her fathers death , to other lands with some sisters , is constrained to suffer that part of land , giuen her before her fathers death , to bee put in Hotchpot , that is , to be mingled together with the landes whereof her Father dyed seised , so that an equall diuision may be made of the whole . * Howgates . How. Howsell . To minister Sacraments to a sicke man in danger of death . Howten . To hallow . Hulke . To open a hare or cony , to take out the garbage . * Hulstred . Hidden . Huke : A Dutch attire couering the head , face , and all the body . Humane . That which belongeth or may happen to man. Humanity . Gentlenesse , courtesie , ciuill behauiour : also manhood or the nature of manhood . Humide . Moist . Humidity . Moisture . Humiliate . To make humble . Humiliation . A making low or humble . Humorous . Full of humors . * Hurtelen . To thrust , to prouoke . Hyacinth . The red , blew , or yellow lilly : also a purple flowre called crowcoes . Hydra . A monstrous serpent in the Lake Lerius , which hauing one head cut off , had forthwith two other heads growing vp in the place . Hercules fought with this serpent and slew him . Hydromancy . See Diuination . Hydromell . A physicall sweete drinke , made of water and hony . Hyemall . Belonging to winter , winterly . Hyena . A beast like a Wolfe , hauing a mane and long haires ouer all the body . It is the subtillest ( as some say ) of all beastes , and will counterfeite the voyce of a man , to drawe sheepeheardes out of their houses in the night , to the ende hee may kill them . It is written that he changeth sex often , being some time male , and sometime female . Hymen . A poeticall word , it is taken for the god of marriage , sonne vnto Bacchus and Venus ; and sometime for a song at a mariage feast . Hymne . A song to praise God. Hyperbole . A figure when one speaketh a great deale more then is precisely true . Hyperbolicall . Any thing spoken above all beleefe , as in saying , higher than heauen swifter than lightning , &c. is called an Hyperbolicall speech . Hypocrite . It properly signifieth one that doth counterfeite the gesture of another man : but it is commonly taken fot a dissembler , that with feined holines would seeme better then hee is indeed . Hypoquistidos . In diuers hote countries there groweth a plant called Cistus , hauing about the root thereof , a certaine Mushroome , which being bruised yeeldeth a liquor called by Apothecaries Hypoquistidos . This liquour ( brought hither dry ) is cold of operation , and of vertue to stoppe all bleedings , laskes , and fluxes of the belly . Hypostaticall . Belonging to substance ; or that which consisteth in the substance of a thing . Hypotheticall . In Logike , those propositions , which haue a coniunction in thē , and so consist of two parts are called Hypotheticall propositions , as in saying ; If the Sunne be in our Hemisphere , it is day . Hysteron proteron . A Greek terme , sometime vsed in derision of that which is spoken or done preposterously or quite contrary . We call it in English . The catt before the horsse . I IAcent . Lying along . Iacynth . A precious stone found in Ethiopia , whereof there are two kindes , the one of a pale yellow colour , and the other of a cleer bright yellow , which is accounted the better . It is cold of nature , comfortable to the body , and prouoketh sleepe . Iacobs staffe . An instrument in Geometry . Iaculatory . That which is suddenly cast from one , like a dart . Iambes . Postes susteining both sides of the dore . Iambeux . Armour for the legs . Iasmine . A limmer weake plant , full of ioynts or knottes , which groweth in manner of a hedge or quickset , and must be staied vp , as roses and vines are . Iasper . A precious stone of diuers colours ; but the best is greene , transparent with red veines , and sheweth fairest being set in siluer : it is good to stoppe any issue of blood . Iasponyx . A precious stone , white of colour , and hauing red strakes . Iazul . A precious stone of a blew azure colour . Ibis . A tall strong bird in Egypt , with a long bill , which doth much good there in destroying serpents . Jeleeped . Named , called . * Icond . Learned . Idea . The forme or figure of any thing conceiued in the minde . Identitie . The selfe same thing . Idiome . The forme of speech , or propertie of any language . Idiote . It is commonly taken for a foole naturall : notwithstanding it sometime signifieth a man vnlearned . Ides . Eight daies in euery moneth , so called , because they diuide the moneth almost in the middle . In March , May , Iuly , and October , these eight daies beginne at the eighth day of the moneth , and continue to the fifteenth : in other months they begin at the sixt day , and continue to the thirteenth . Where note that the last day onely is called Ides , and the first of these dayes , the eighth Ides , the second the seuenth Ides : that is , the eighth or seuenth day before the Ides , and so of the rest . Idolaster . An Idolater . Iehonah . The inestable name of God , signifying his diuine essence . The Hebrewes did not vse to read this word , when they came to it in any writing , so much reuerence did they beare vnto it ; but in stead thereof they pronounced Adonai , which signifieth Lord. Iesus . A Sauiour . * Iewise . Reward by reuenge , also a gibbet . * Ifere . Together . * Ifietten . Deuoured . Ignoble . Base , that is not noble . Ignominie . Shame , reproch , infamie . Ignominious . Shamefull , vile , reprochfull . * Ikend . Knowne . Iliads . A booke written in Greek by Homer , of the destruction of Troy. * Ilke . The same . Illation . A bringing in of a matter . Illaudable . Not worthy of praise . Illegitimate . Vnlawfull , not lawfully begotten . Illiberall . Not liberall , miserable , base . Illiberalitie . Niggardnesse : properly in a great man , that ouer slightly rewardeth a seruice or curtesie done to him by his inferiour . Illiterate . Vnlearned , one that is not acquainted with letters . Illude . To mocke , to deceiue . Illusion . A mockerie , a cunning slight to deceiue one . Illuminate . To enlighten . Illumination . A shining or giuing of light . Illustrate . To make famous , or noble . Illustration . A making famous or noble . Illustrious . Famous , noble , very honourable . Imagerie . Painted or carued workes of images . Imaginarie . That which is conceited in the minde . Imbecillitie . Weakenesse . * Imeint . Mingled . Imitate . To follow . Imitation . A following . Jmitator . A follower of another . Immaculate . Vndefiled , pure , vnspotted . Immanitie . Cruelty , outragious , fiercenesse . Immarcessible . Vncorruptible . Immature . Vnripe . Immaturity . Vnripenesse . Immediate . That which commeth directly from one thing to another , without any thing betweene . Immedicable . Which cannot be healed . Immemorable . Not worthy to be remembred . Jmmense . Vnmeasurable , which cannot be measured . Immensitie . Exceeding greatnesse , vnmeasurablenesse . Immoderate . Vnreasonable , contrarie to modesty . Immodest . Not sober , vnmannerly , saucy . Immolate . To offer in sacrifice . Immolation . An offering of sacrifice . Immortall . Not subiect to death : euerlasting . Immortalitie . Euerlastingnesse . Immunitie . Freedome , or discharge from any publike businesse . Immure . To shut vp , or inclose in a wall . Immutable . Vnchangeable . Immutation . A change . Impacted . Thrust hard together : couched into . Imparitie . Vnequalnesse , vnlikenesse . Imparlance . When a man sued in the common law , for debt , trespasse , or such like , craueth and obtaineth of the Court , some respite of time , before hee make his answere , this stay of making his answer is called an Imparlance . Impassibilitie . A Freedome from any abilitie of feeling paine . Impassible . Which cannot feele any paine , or passion . Impeach . To harme , to hinder . Impeachment . A hinderance . Impeachment of waste . A restraint from making waste in lands , or Tenements . Impediment . A hinderance . Impell . To thrust on , to constraine . Impenetrable . So hard that it cannot bee pierced . Imperious . That commandeth with authoritie : Lordlike , stately . Impertinent . Not belonging to the matter . Impetrable . Which may be obtained . Impetrate . To obtaine . Impetuous . Violent : or hasty . Impietie . Wickednesse . Impious . Wicked . Implacable . Hard to bee pacified , or that cannot be appeased . Implicite . Wrapped vp , hidden . Implore . To beseech , to entreat with teares . Importance . The weight or valew of a thing . Important . Of great weight and valew . Importune . To vrge earnestly . Importunate . Very earnest : which will not be answered . Importunitie . Vnreasonablenesse : too much earnestnesse in asking . Impose . To lay on . Imposition . A laying on . Impost . Custome or tallage paid at hauen townes or elsewhere . Impostume . A quantitie of euill humours , gathered into one part of the body . There are two kinds hereof . One when inflamed blood , beeing turned to corrupted matter , filleth some place : the other when without any inflammation , nature thrusteth those humours into some part apt to receiue them . Imposture . Deceit , cousenage : properly in selling counterfeit wares for currant , or in craftie illusions done by Sorcerers , Egyptians and Iuglers . The partie so deceiuing is called an Impostor . Impotency . Weakenesse . Impotent . Weake , feeble . Imprecate . To curse and wish euill . Imprecation . A cursing , a wishing euill . Impregnable . That which cannot be taken or ouercome . Impresa . A deuice painted vpon a shield . Impresse . To import the forme of a thing . Imprimis . First of all . Improbabilitie . Vnlikelihood . Improbable . Vnlikely to be true ; that which cannot be prooued true . Improbitie . Naughtinesse , lewdnesse , dishonesty . Impropriation . A parsonage , or Ecclesiasticall liuing comming to one by inheritance . Improoue . To raise rents higher . Improuidence . Want of foresight . Improuident . Which forecasteth not , or taketh no care what shall come after . Imprudence . Foolishnesse , want of wit. Imprudent . Vnwise , not discreet . Impudence . Shamelesnesse . Impudent . Shamelesse , past shame . Impugne . To assault , or fight against . Impulse . To constraine . Impulsion . A constraint . Impunity . Lacke of punishment . Impurity . Vncleannesse . Impute . To lay to ones charge : to ascribe . Imputation . An imputing or laying by coniecture to ones charge . Imputatiue . Which is imputed to one . Inaccessible . Which cannot bee come vnto , vnapprochable . Inanity . Emptinesse . Inaugurate . To dedicate , or consecrate . Inauspicious . Vnluckie , vnfortunate . Incantation . A charme . Incapable . Which cannot conceiue or conteine . Incendiary . He that burneth or setteth any thing on fire . Incense . To inflame , to stirre vp to anger : being a nowne it signifieth the best frankincense . Incest . Carnall knowledge betweene neere kindred . Incestuous . Wicked , which committeth Incest . Inchepinne . The lower gut of a Deere . Incident . That which happeneth or belongeth to a thing . Incision . A cutting : A terme vsed in Chirurgery , when they lance a wound , the better to come to the bottome ; or any impostume , or such like to let out euill humours . Incite . To stirre vp . Incitation . A stirring vp . Inclemency . Vngentlenes ; cruelty . Include . To containe , to shut in . Inclusiue . Which containeth , or is contained . Incoact . Vnconstrained . Incompact . Slight , not close ioyned . Incompatiable . Disagreeing : vnrecouerable : also mischieuous : not sufferable . Incomprehensible . Which cannot be comprehended or conteined . Inconcinnity . Vnaptnesse : il agreeing , disproportion . Incongruity . Disagreement : false speaking , disproportion . Incongruous . Disagreeable : absurd ; against rule of Grammar . Inconsiderate . Foolish , vndiscreete . Inconsideration . Foolishnesse : vnaduisednesse Inconsolable . Comfortlesse . Jncontinent . Vnchaste : also forthwith , by and by . Incorporate . To mixe two or moe , substances together . Incorrigible . That which cannot bee corrected or amended . Jncreate . Which is not created or made . Incredibility . Impossibility of beliefe . Incredible . Which cannot be beleeued . Incredulity . Want of beleefe . Incredulous . One that will not beleeue . Increment . An increase . Incressant . A terme of Herauldry , signifying the Moone past the prime , and not yet come to the full . Incroch . See Encroch . Incubus . The night mare , when a man in his sleepe supposeth hee hath a great weight lying on him , and feeleth himselfe almost strangled ; in such sort that he cannot turne himselfe nor sit vp , nor call for helpe . The vulgar thinke it some spirit , but the Phisitions affirme it to beo a naturall disease , caused by humours vndigested in the stomacke , which fuming vp to the braiue , doe there trouble the animall spirits , stopping their passage into the sinewes , so that the body cannot mooue . Inculcate . To repeat a thing often , thereby to make one remember it . Inculcation . An often repeating , a repeating into the braines , Jnculpable . Blamelesse , without fault . Incumbant . Hee that is in possession of a benefice , or spirituall liuing . Incursion . A running in . Indecorum . Vncomely . Indifinite . Not precisely exprest : vndefined . Indemnity . Escaping with out dammage or hurt . Index . A Table in a booke . Indico . A stone brought out of Turkie , wherewith dyers vse to die blew . Indiction . The space of fifteene yeares , by which account Charters & publike writings are dated at Rome : euery yeere still increasing one , till it come to fifteene , and then returning to one againe . Indigence . Want : pouerty . Indigestion . Want of digestion : or euill digestion . Indignity . Disgrace , dishonour . Indiuiduum . That which cannot bee diuided : A terme in Logicke , when we directly expresse , and seeme to point to that thing which we speake of : as in saying . This horse , That man : For although the words Horse , or Man , may bee applyed to any horse or man , yet being so expresly pointed at , they cannot then be drawen to signifie other then those two . Indocible . Which cannot bee taught , hard to learne , Induce . To bring in . Inducement . That which bringeth or draweth one in . Induction . A drawing in : or a forme of argument proceeding from particulars to vniuersals . Indulgence . Gentlenesse , too much cockering . Jndulgences . Pardons . Induration . A hardening . Industry . Diligence : painefull indeauours . Industrious . Diligent : painefull . Ineffable . That which cannot be spokē , vnutterable . Incuitable ; That which cannot be auoided . Inexorable . Which cannot be intreated . Inexperience . Want of experience , Inexpiable . So grieuous that one cannot make satisfaction for it : vnmercifull , deadly . Inexplicable . Which cannot be vnfolded , opened , or declared . Jnextricable . So confused or difficult , that a man cannot winde himselfe out of it . Infallible . Certaine : sure wherein one cannot bee deceiued . Infamous . Lewd : ill spoken of , base , vile . Infatigable . Vnwearied Infatuate . To make foolish . Infecundity . Vnfruitfulnes . Infelicity . Vnhappinesse . Inferior Lower , more base . Infernall . Hellish , or belonging to hell . Inferre . To bring in by way of argument , to conclude . Inference . A bringing in , or concluding vpon somwhat going before . Infestation . A troubling , a molesting . Infinity . Endlesnesse : vnmeasurablenesse . Infirme , Weake , feeble . Infixe . To fasten , or stick in , Inflammation . An inflaming : a hotte angry swelling . Inflate . To puffe vp : to make proude . Inflation . A puffing vp : a swelling . Inexflexible . Very hard , which will not bend . Jnflict . To lay punishment , or some penalty vpon one . Influence . A flowing in : most commonly it is takē for the powre which Planets and Starres haue in mouing of inferior things . Information . An instruction , or giuing one to vnder stand . Jnfringe . To breake : to transgresse . Infuse . To poure in . Infusion . A powring in . Also a liquor wherein any medicinable thing is layed warme to steepe , that the vertue thereof may passe into it : Physitions vse these infusions often , when they haue to deale with delicate persons , that wil not endure strong medicines . Ingenerable . Which cannot be bred or begotten Ingenious . Witty : quicke conceited . Ingenuous . Gentleman-like . Ingot . A small masse or little wedge of fined gold . Ingrate . Vnthankfull . Ingratitude . Vnthankfulnesse . Ingredience . A going in : or that which goeth into the making of a thing . Ingresse . A going in . Ingrosse . To buy vp all for himselfe : sometime to write a thing faire in a booke . Ingrosser . One that buyeth corn growing , or dead victuall , to fell againe : except it be by retaile , or victuallers vse , or buying barly for Malt ; Oates for Oatmeale , oyles or spices . Ingulfe . To drowne , to swallow vp . Ingurgitation . A swilling or swallowing in . Inhabitable . Which cannot be dwelled in . Inherent . Cleauing too , or abiding in a thing Inhibit . To forbid . Inhibition . A forbidding . Inhospitable . Harbourles : not fit to entertaine one . Inhumane . Cruell , vnmanlike , vnciuill . Inhume . To bury . Inhumanitie . Cruelty , vnmanlike behauiour . Iniection . A liquor which Surgeons doe Squirt into a deepe wound . Inimitable . Which cannot be followed . Iniunction . An inioyning or commanding one to doe a thing . Innate . Naturall . Innauigable . That which cannot be fayled vpon . Jnnouate . To make new . Jnnouation . A making new : an alteration . Inobseruable . Which cannot be obserued or marked Inoculate . To grasse a bud , by cutting a round hole in the barke of another tree , and setting it on with clay . Inquisition . A searching . Inquisitiue . Very desirous to know : searching or enquiring after a matter . Insatiable . Which cannot bee satisfied or filled . Inscription . A title or note written vpon any thing . Inscrutable . Vnsearchable : which cannot be perfectly found out . Insculpt . To cut or carue in . Insensible . Which cannot bee perceiued : or one so foolish that he perceiueth nothing . Insert . To put in ; to adde . Insertion . A putting in . Insinuate . To put any thing into ones mind cunningly and closely : also by little and little to creepe into ones fauour . Insinuation . A cunning speech to creepe into ones fauour . Insist . To continue or abide . Insition . Graffing . Insociable . Not apt to keepe company . Insolencie . Pride . Insolent . Proud , presumptuous : also strange and vnwonted . Insoluble . That which cannot be loosed : vnanswerable . Inspection . A looking in . Inspersion . A sprinkling . Inspire . To breathe into ; to put in ones minde . Inspiration . An inward instruction or motion comming from God. Instance . An example or similitude brought of a thing . Instant . Very earnest : also quicknesse , speedinesse , present time . Instaure . To repayre or build anew . Instigate . To stirre vp : to prouoke . Instigation . A stirring vp : a prouoking . Instinct . A naturall inclination . Institute . To ordaine , to appoint : somtime to teach and instruct . Institution . An appointment , an ordinance : sometime a teaching or instruction . Insult . To vaunt proudly ouer one . Insultation . A proude crowing ouer one . Insuperable . Which cannot be ouercome . Insurrection . A rising of many together in armes or disturbance of the peace . Integritie . Soundnesse ; vpright dealing : honesty . Intellectuall . Of , or belonging , to the vnderstanding . Intelligence . Knowledge , vnderstanding : sometime an Angell or heauenly spirit . Intelligent . One that vnderstandeth . Intelligible . Which may be vnderstood . Intentiue . Which listeneth well , and is earnestly bent to a thing . Intercede . To step between , to intreare for one . Intercept . To take by the way before it come to him to whom it was sent . Interception . A taking of a thing by the way , to the let or hinderance therof . Intercesse . See Interceed . Intercession . An intreating in ones behalfe . Intercessor . He that intreaeth for another . Intercourse . Passing or sending one to another . Interdict . To forbid : to barre or keepe away . Interdiction . A forbidding . Interest . Right , or title : sometime profite made by vsurie . Interfeere . To knock the legs together in going . Interim . In the meane while . Interior . Inward . Jnterlace . To ioyne withall , to mixe together . Interline . To write betweene two written lines . Interlocution . A speaking betweene . Interlude . A Play , a Comedie . Intermission . A leauing off for a time . Jntermit . To leaue off for a time , to discontinue . Intermixe . To mingle with other things . Internall . Inward : very deerely esteemed , or familiar . with one . Interpellation . An interrupting or troubling one while he speaketh . Interpose . To put between , to step in betweene two : to busie himselfe where hee needeth not . Interposition A putting betweene . Interre . To bury . Interreigne . The space of time betweene the olde king and the new . Interrogation . An asking a question . Interrogatiue . Which asketh a question . Interrogatorie . Asking of a question : a demand . Interrupt. To breake betweene , to trouble one as he is speaking . Interruption . A breaking off : a troubling . Internall . A distance of time or place . Intes●ate . That dyeth without making any testament or will. Intestine . Bred in the bowels : Intestine warre : Ciuill warre . Intimate . To signifie , or touch a matter closely . Intimation . A cunning or close signifying of a matter Intire . Whole , sound , perfect . Intolerable . Which cannot be endured . Intoxicate . To bewitch , to amaze , or extreamely dull ones spirit . Intractable . Stubborne , which cannot be ordered or handled . * Intresse . Lyning . Intricate . Wrapped , entangled , hard to be vnderstood . Intrinsecall . Inward . Introduct . To lead or guide in . Introduction . That which leadeth or directeth one . Intrude . To thrust boldly in . Intrusion . A thrusting in , properly into a void tenement , whereto one hath no right . Inuade . To set vpon : to assault . Inualiditie . Weakenesse , want of strength . Inuasion . A setting vpon ; an assault . Inuectiue . A sharp speech made in ones disgrace . Inueigh . To speak bitterly against one . Inueigle . To allure , to a entice . Inueloped . Wrapped , couered . Inuentory . A writing of the quality and value of a mans goods . Inuersion . A turning in , or a turning vpside down . Inuert . To turne contrary to right forme . Inuest . To cloth . Inueterate . Olde , auncient . Inuincible . Which cannot be conquered . Inuiolate . Safe , whole , not wronged or broken . Inuisible . Which cannot be seene . Jnuite . To request , to bid to a feast . Inundation . An ouerflowing of water . Inuocate . To call vpon . Inuocation A calling vpon . Inuolue . To roule vp in a thing : to couer . Inuulnerable . Which cannot be wounded . Jocund . Merry , pleasant . Ioynture . Lands or Tenements which a man assureth vnto his wife , for terme of her life , or otherwise , in respect of his marrying her . * Ioleyning . Ioyfull . * Ionglery lugling . Iouiall . Noble , excellent ; also liuely , pleasant , and merry , Ioyeux . Ioyfull . Jrascible . Which hath power to be angry . Iris. The Rainebowe , Ironie . A speaking by contraries , as in calling blacke , white . Ironicall . That which is spoken in iest or mockingly , contrary to his meaning that speaketh it . Irradiation . A shining vpon . Irrationall . Vnmeasurable . Irrefragable . Vndeniable . Irregular . Contrary to rule : somtime it signifieth one not capable of holy orders . Irregularity . A going out of right rule . In the olde Canon Law it is taken for any impediment , which hindereth a man from taking holy Orders . As if he be base borne , or notoriously defamed of any notable crime , or be maymed or much deformed , or haue consented to procure anothers death , with diuers other impediments too long to bee rehearsed in this place . Irremediable . Which cannot be remedied . Irreparable . Which cannot be repaired . Irreprehensible . Which cannot be reprooued . Irresolute . Not f●●ly resolued : vncertaine . Irreuocable . Which cannot bee called backe againe . Irrision . A mocking . Irritate . To prouoke : to mooue to anger . Irritation . A prouoking . Irruption A breaking into . Isthmos . A narrow part of a country between two seas . Iterate . To repeate or do againe . Iteration . A doing again , adoing twice . * Jub . A bottle . Inhilation . A great shout for ioy , a great reioycing . Inbilie . A publike reioycing or a great shout for ioy . Among the Hebrewes euery fiftit a yeare was called the yeare of subile ; for then were bond men of their owne country made free , possessions returned againe to the first owners , neither was it lawfull to plant or sowe any thing that yeare . Among Christians this solemnitie of keeping a yeare of Iubilie , was first instituted by Bonifacius the eight , in the yeare of our Lord. 1300. who ordayned that it should bee obscrued euery hundreth yeare . After this Clement the sixt , instituted it to be kept euery fiftieth yeare . And lastly , Sixtus the fourth brought it to bee celebrated euery fiue and twentieth yeare , beginning it first in the yeare of our Lord God , 1475. Iucundity . Pleasantes , mirth . Iudaisme . The religion or beleefe of the Iewes . Iudiciall . Belonging to iudgement : also wise , graue of great iudgement . Iudicious . See Iudiciall . Iuiubes . Certaine plumbs of Italy , solde here by Apothecaries . This fruite is in colour white or red , in fashion round or like an oliue , in taft sweet , hauing a hard long stone like an oliue stone , but muchlesse . If these plumbes bee kept long , they waxe dry , and full of wrinckles . They are temperate in heate and cold , and are good against the cough , roughnes of the throate , and against all exulcerations and inflammations of the kidness and bladder : but beeing eaten for meate , they are of hard digestion . Iulep . A physicall cleere drinke made of distilled waters , and sugar , vsed to coole the body , or quench thirst in hot diseases : sometime the Iuleps haue sirups or other mixtures put to them . Iuncture . A ioynt , a ioyning together . Iuory . The Elephants tooth ; it is of a binding nature , and the scraping thereof is good against sores , growing vnder the rootes of the nayles . Iuridicall . Of or appertaining to iudgement . Iurisdiction . Lawfull authority in any place . Iustification . A iustifying or making iust . * Iwympled Muffled . K Kalends . See Calends . Keele . The bottome of a ship . Keene . Sharpe edged . Kell . The cause about the paunch of a Hart or Stagge . * Kemelling . A brewers vessell . * Kepe . It is sometimes taken for a care or regard . * Keynard . A micher , a hedge-creeper . * Kitchell . A kinde of cake . Kimall . A certaine weight of about an hundred . Kirat . An Arabian word signifying the weight of three graines . Kith . Acquaintance . Kitkaies . The fruite of the athen tree : they are little narrow huskes hanging together in clusters , wherein is contained the seede of the ashe which is bitter . This prouoketh vrine , and is sought by some for other purpose . * Knarry . Stubbie . Knight-seruice . An auncient tenure of lands , by which a man was bound to beare armes in warre , for the defence of the Realme . L LAas . A nette or gynne . Laborious . Painefull , full of labour . Labyrinth . An intricate building or place made with so many turnings and windings , that whosoeuer went into it , could neuer get out without a perfect guide , or a thred to direct him , the ende of which thred must be tyed at the doore where hee entreth . Some heathen Princes bestowed infinite charge , to build such deuices in a stately forme , There were foure principall labyrinths in the world . The first in Egypt , made for a sepulcher of one of their Kings or ( as some write ) in honour of the sunne . The second in the yland of Candie , built at the commandement of King Minos , by the ingenious workeman Daedalus , who tooke his pattetne , from that which he had seene in Egypt , the third in the yle Lemnos , the fourth in Italy , built by King Porsenna , of great square stones , for his own sepulcher . Lacca . A kinde of redde gumme , brought out of Arabia , and solde heere by Apothecaries , good against diseases of the breast , and comfortable to the lyuer . Laudanum . A yellowish gumme , as some write ; notwithstanding others affirme it to be made of a dew , which falleth vpon a certaine herbe in Greece . Auicen saith , it is taken hanging on the haire of Goats beards , that haue fed vpon that plant . It is hot and drie , and sweete of smell , if it be pure . It is often vsed in pomanders , and being annointed vpon the had withoyle of myrtles , it doth strengthen the skinne , and keepeth hatre from falling off . Laike . A lay man. Laitie . The estate or degree of a lay man , lay men . Lake . A faire red colour vsed by painters . Laire . The place where any Deere harboureth by day . Languishment . A feeblenesse , a fainting . Languor . Feeblenesse , sicknesse , infirmitie . Lapidarie . One that selleth or polisheth precious stones : a Ieweller . Lappise . A terme vsed among hunters , when hounds opē their mouthes in the string , or a greyhound in his course . Larch Turpentine . A kinde of Turpentine or rosen growing vpon the Larch tree in Italie , vsed often in oyntments and emplaisters , to cleanse or heale wounds . It may be also taken inwardly with honie , and then it cleanseth the breast , looseth the belly , and expelleth the stone and grauell . * Larson . Robberie . Largesse . Liberalitie . Lasciuious . Wanton dishonest . Lasciuiousnesse . Wantonnesse . Lassitude . Wearinesse . Lastage . Any heauy weight or balasse , laide in the bottome of ships to make them goe vpright . It is also a terme in the common law , which signifieth to bee quit of a certaine payment in faires and markets , for carrying of things where a man will. Latitude . The breadth of any thing : in Astronomy it signifieth the distance , north , or southward , from the Equinoctiall line : or the distance of the Pole from the Horizon . Latria . Diuine honour . Laude . Praise . Laudable . Worthy of praise . Laureate . Crowned with Laurell . Laurell . The Bay tree , or a garland of Bayes . * Laye . A song . * Layuers . Thongs of lether . Lazer . A Leaper , a poore man full of sores and scabs . Lezule stone . A blewish greene stone of the kinde of marble , vsed sometime in physicke . It is in operation hot and drie , and being rightly prepared ( according to an art knowne to Apothecaries ) is good against melancholy diseases , and by cleansing the blood to preserue one from the leaprosie . League . Truce , friendship , peace ; sometimes it signifieth a space of three male or thereabout . Leasing Lying . Lector . A reader . * Lectorne . A Deske . Lecture . A reading , a lesson . * Leede . An olde name of the moneth of March. Leete . A court or law-day holden commonly euery halfe yeare . Legacie . Any thing giuen by ones will or testament . Legall . Of or belonging to the law . Legate . An Embassadour . Legend , A story of olde matters . Legible , Which may bee read . Legion . An armie of men . The Romane Legion consisted of ten bands , whereof the first band conteined 1105. footemen , and 123. horsemen ; in which band the Standard was alwaies carried . The other nine bands had euery one 555. footemen , and 66. horsemen ; so that a Legion made vp the number of 6100. footmen , and 726. horsemen . * Legisters . Lawyers . Legitimate . Lawfull , lawfully begotten . Legitimation . A making of one legitimate . Lenitie . Gentlenes , mildnesse , mercie . Lentils . A kinde of small pulse growing in hot countries , round and flat , of colour sometime blacke , somtimes white , and sometimes browne . Being boyled but once , hey loose the belly , but at the second boyling in another water , they are of a binding nature , being then good to stop the bloody slixe or any loosenesse of the bodie . Lentiske . A tree growing in diuers hot Countries , which beareth the notable Gumme called Masticke . The leaues and barke of this tree stop all loosenes , and issues of blood whatsoeuer . Lessee . He that taketh a lease . Lesses . Dung of a rauenous beast , as of a Beare , Bore , &c. Lessour . Hee that letteth lands or tenements to another . Lethargie . A disease contrarie to phrensie : for as phrensie is caused by hot humours inflaming the braine , so the Lethargie by cold Phlegmaticke humours , oppressing the braine in such sort , that the Patient can doe nothing but sleepe , whereby he becommeth forgetfull , with losse ( in a manner ) of reason and all the senses of his body . Lethe . A Poeticall word , signifying a leined Riuer in hell , the water whereof beeing drunken , causeth forgetfulnesse of all that is past . Leueoma . A fruite in India so called , much like vnto a Chestnut . Leueret . A young Hare . * Leuesell . A bush . Leuitie . Lightnesse . Lexicon . A Greek Dictionary for words . Liable . Subiect to , belonging to . * Liard . Nimble , wilde . Libard . A spotted wilde beast , the male of a Panther : See Panther . Libell . A little Booke : sometime a defamatorie scroll , or slanderous writing or inuectiue written against one , without any knowne name of the Author . Libertine . One of loose life , or carelesse of Religion . Libiainous . Lustfull , leacherous . Licenciate . One that hath studied the Ciuill Law fiue yeares . Licentious . Loose , wanton . Licentiousnesse . Too much libertie , loosenesse , wantonnesse . Lieu. In stead or place of another thing . Lignum Aloes . See Aloes . Lignum vita . See Guaiacum , Limit . A bound or end . Also to set bounds . Limitation . An appointing of bounds . Lineall . Downeright like a line . Lineament . The forme , draught , or proportion of the body . Linguist . One skilfull in languages . Lipothymie . A fainting or swounding , when the vital spirits being suddenly opprest , a man sinketh down , as if he were dead . Liquid . Thin and moist . Liquefaction . A melting . Liquesie . To melt . Liquid Amber . A sweete Rosin brought from the West Indies , comfortable to me braine , any griefe proceeding from cold causes . Lizard . A little beast much like our Euer , but without poyson , breeding in Italy & other hot countries . The dung of this beast is good to take away spots in the eye , & cleereth the sight . And the head thereof being bruised and laid to , draweth out tho●ns or any thing sticking within the flesh . Litanies . Prayers or supplications , so called of the Greeke verbe Litaneuo , which signifieth to beseech or entreat . Litargie . The some that riseth from lead , when it is tried . It is cold of operation , and often vsed by Surgeons in Oyntments and Plaisters , be●ing of a gentle drying , cleansing , and binding nature . See Lethargie . Literature . Learning : knowledge in bookes . Litherly . Slothfull . Litigious . Contentious , full of strife . Piturgie . Publike seruice of the Church . Locall . Of , or belonging to place . Locust . A great Flye or Grashopper with long legges , breeding in India , and other hot Countries . There are two kindes of them : One with winges , not good to bee eaten , and the other without winges , which the inhabitants vse for food . * Lodemanage . Skill of nauigation . Lodestar . A Starre that guideth one . Lodestone . A stone of the colour of ●usty iron , which hath an admirable vertue , not onely to draw yron to it selfe , but also to make any yron , vpon which it is rubbed , to draw yron also . It is written notwithstanding , thru beeing rubbed with the iuyce of Garlicke , it cannot then darw Iron , as likewise if a Diamond hee laide close vnto it . This stone is found in the Indian Sea , and also in the Countrey of Trachonitis : It is of greatest vse in Nauigation , for by it Saylers finde out the certaine course of their voyage ; the needle ( in their compasse ) tempered herewith , still standing directly toward the North and South . Logician . One skilfull in Logicke . Logicke . The art of reason . Lohor . A physicall word ; It is a thicke sirupe or other soft substance , which must not bee swallowed , must suffered to melt of it selfe in the mouth , that so it may gently slide downe , and thereby haue the more vertue against diseases of the breast , lungs and throate . Lone . Lending . sometime single or solitary . Longanimity . Long sufferance or forbearance . Longitude . The length of any thing . In Astronomy it signifieth the distance of any Star or Planet from the first degree of the signe Aries . Loquacity . Much talke , or babling . * Lore . Learning , knowledge . Lorimer . One that maketh bits for bridles , and such like instruments . * Lorrell . A deuourer . * Losell . A lout , sometime a crafty fellow . Losengar . A flatterer , a lyar . Lotion . A washing . * Louke . A fellow receiuer . Lubricity . Slippernesse . Lucerus . A beast almost as big as a Wolfe breeding in Musconia , and Ruscia , of colour betweene redde and browne , mingled with blacke spots . Lucre. Gaine , profit . Lunary . A disease wherin one is distracted in his wittes , at certaine times of the Moone . Lunaticke . Sicke of a Lunacy . Lupines . A little flatte Pulse almost like a small beane , but much lesse and bitter in tast . They be not very good meate , but are sometime vsed in Physicke against worms in children & the decoction of them taketh away spots & freekles of the face . * Lushbrough A base coine in the time of king Edward the third . Luster . A shining or great brightnesse . Lutum . Clay . Luxury . Riotousnesse , leachery . Luxurious . Riotous , wanton , leacherous . Lyncuris . A bright shining stone , and sometimes of a dark yellow color like saffron . This stone groweth of the vrine of the beast Lynx , being congealed , which vrine the Lynx hideth ( as Pliny writeth ) because men should not find it . Some say it is good against the paine of the stomack , yellow Iaundise , and loosenesse of the belly . Lynx . A spotted beast like vnto a Wolfe , and hauing a very perfect sight . This beast breedeth chiefely in countries of the East , & is often found in the woods of Almaine & Sclauonia . Tyrike . A poet which maketh verses to be sung vnto the harp . The best of these poets among the Grecians was Pindarus , and among the Latines , Horace . M MAcerate . To steepe or soake in water ; sometime to afflict or vexe . To make leane . Machil An Hebrew word ; It signifieth the rich Robe of the Ephod , worn by the high Priest of the old law , hauing about the skirtes therof 72. Pomgarnats of blew silk , purple & scarlet , and as many bels of golde between thē round about . Machination . A deuising or subtil contriuing of a matter . Machiuilion . A politicke states mania cunning Polititian , such as Machiuel was . Macrologie . Long and tedious talke . Maculate . To blemish or blot . Madrigals . A kind of sonnet . Magician . A cunning mania Sorcerer , a great learned Clark , a Conturer . Magike . At first this word signified great learning or knowledge in the nature of things ; now it is most commonly taken for inchantment and sorcery . Magistra●y . The bearing of office , authority , rule , gouernment . Magnanimity . Great courage . Magnanimous . Noble minded : one of great courage . Magnificence . Sumptuousnesse : great port and statelinesse . Magnificent . Sumptuous : honourable , stately . Magnifico . An honorable personage . Magnitude . Greatnesse . Manipernours . Those that are sureties for a man and vndertake that he shall appeare at a certen day , before Iudges in a Court. Maineprise . The bayling of a man out of prison , vpon security giuen , that hee shall bee foorth comming . Maior . The greater or more ancient . Malady . A disease . Maleco●●ent . Mot contented ill pleased . Malediction . A cursing . Malefactor . An euil doer . Maleuol●nt . Ill minded : spitefull , enuious . Malignant . Enuious , spitefull , mischieuous . Maligne . Spitefull : or to spite and hate . Malignity . Spitefulnesse : enuy , malice . Mammon . An Assyrian word of the singular number , and masculine Gender , as Saint Hierome affirmeth : It is interpreted riches . Manage . To rule , order , or handle a thing well . Mandate . A commandement . Mandragorus . See Mandrake following . Mandrak . A strange hearbe , bearing yellowe round Apples . The roote of this hearbe it great and white like a Radish roote , and is diuided into two or moe parts , growing often almost like to the legs of a man. This roote , especially the barke thereof , is extremely cold and drie , euen to the fourth degree : It is therefore very dangerous to receiue inwardly , for that the least quantitie too much , will quickly kill one . Surgeons vse to steepe this root in Wine , and giue it to bee drunken of such as they must cut , sawe , or burne in any part , for the colde operation thereof causeth sleepe , and maketh the body insensible for a time . Manna . In holy Scripture it signifieth a delicate food , which God sent from heauen to the Israelites , in manner of a dew , white and somewhat like Coriander seede : with which the Israelites liued fortie yeares in the Wildernesse . till they came to the borde●s of the land of Canaan . At the first sending hereof , the people were in such admiration , that they said to each other , Manhu ? viz. What is this ? Which seemeth to bee the cause , why it was after called Manna In Physicke it is taken for a kinde of dew , which falling in hotte countries vpon trees , doth there congeale , almost like to crummes of whitebread , and is gathered & choicely kept , as a gentle purger of choler . Mansion . A tarying or abiding : also a dwelling house . Mansuetude . Gentlenes : mildenesse . Manuall . Handy : or that which may bee carried in the hand . Manumission . A making one free from bondage . Manumitte . To make a slaue or bondman free , which was in olde time thus . The lord of the slaue holding him by the head , arme , or other part , saide before witnesse , I will that this man goe free , and in so saying , shoued him forward out of his hand . Manure . To till , to dresse land . Manuscript . A handwriting : a written booke . Marchasite . A stone participating with the nature of some mettall , yet in so small quantitie , that the mettall cannot be melted from it , but will vapour away in smoake , the stone turning to ashes . These Marchasites are commonly in colour like to the mettall mixed with them ; whether it bee golde , siluer , brasse , or any other . Some affirme a Marchasite to bee any stone out of which , fire may bee stricken . Marches . The bounds , or limits lying betweene two countries , commonly betweene Wales and England , or betweene England and Scotland . Marcionesse . A great Lady a Wife to a Marquesse . Marcionists . Olde condemned Heretikes , so called of their first master Marcion , a stoicke Philosopher , who held a detestable opinion that Christ was not the Sonne of God. Margarites . Little pearles found in the shell fish , especially in Oysters , wherof some haue holes in them , and some haue none : the best are brought out of India , yet they are also found in our English Seas , as also in the Flemish and Almaine , and the fairest Margarits grow in yong shels . Some write that in Thunder , the Oysters doe cast them vp , as it were in way of abortion , which is the cause that they are often found in the sands . They are sometimes vsed by Physitions in cordiall confections , for they comfort the spirits , and are therefore good against swoundings hauing vertue also in them to stop issues of blood , or any loosenesse of the bodie . Margent . A brimme , or border . Marginall . Written in the Margent . Marine . Belonging to the Sea. Maritall . Husbandlike . Maritime . Bordring neere the Sea. Marte . A great faire or Market . Martiall . Warlike . Martyr . A witnesse : one that dyeth for the testimony of a good conscience . Martyrdome . A suffering of death or grieuous torment for constant perseuerance in true religion , Martyrologie . A historie of the death of Martyrs . A booke of the memorie of Martyrs . Massacre . A great slaughter or murder of many people together . Masculine . Of the male kinde . Masticke . A white and cleere Gumee , of a sweete sauour . This Gum groweth on the Lentiske tree , especially in the Iland Chios . It is temperate in heat , and of a dry binding nature ; wherfore it strengtheneth the stomacke , stayeth vomiting , and stoppeth any issue of blood . Some doe vse to rub their teeth herewith , as well to whiten them , as to fasten such as bee loose . Masluerco . An herbe in India , of great vertue to heale wounds . Materiall . Which hath matter or substance in it . Maternal . Motherly . Mathematician . One skilfull in the Mathematickes : sometime it is taken in a worse sense , for one that superstitiously casteth mens natiuities , or vndertaketh to find things lost , or foretell what is to come . Mathematickes . A terme applyed to such arts , as treate onely of quantities imaginarily abstracted frō bodies . The arts commonly so called , are Arithmeticke , Musicke , Geometry , Geography , Astronomie , Cosmography , and Astrology . Matrimoniall . Belonging to Matrimony or Wedlocke . Matrixe . The wombe or place of conception . Matrone . A graue motherly woman . Mature . Ripe Maturity . Ripenesse . Matutine . Of or belonging to the morning . Maugre . In despite of ones heart whether one will or no. Maxime . A principall matter , a maine point , a generall rule . Maze . An astonishment : sometime a deuice like a labyrinth made in some gardens in manner of a knot , out of which a man cannot get easily , if he once enter in . Mazar . A broad flat standing cuppe to drinke in : There is also a kinde of small Cherries so called . Mecoenas . It was the proper name of a noble Romane , who being in great fauour with Augustus the Emperour , was a speciall friend to the Poets Virgill and Horace , and generally a supporter of all learned men : wherefore sometin●● a great friend or patron is called a Mecoenis . Mechanicall . Of or belonging to handicrafts . Mechoacan . A whitish roote brought out of India , called by some Indian or white Ruba●be . It is hot in the first , and dry in the second degree , and purgeth all humours of what kinde soeuer with much ease . It cleanseth and comforteth the liuer and all the inward parts . Mediate . To deale betweene two , to make means of agreement , as an indifferent party to both . Mediation . A meanes of agreement by a friend to both parties . Mediator . Hee that maketh meanes or speaketh for another . Medicable . Which may be healed . Medicament . A medicine . Mediocritie . A meane , a measure . Mediterranean Sea. A sea which diuideth Europe from Africa . Megasine . A storehouse for warre . Melancholy . One of the foure humours in the body , the grossest of al other , which if it abound too much , causeth heauinesse and sadnesse of minde , Melioritie . A bettering . Mellistuous . Sweet as hony . Membrane . The vpmost thin skin in any part of the body . Memorable . That which is worthy of remembrance . Memorandum . A terme often vsed , when we write of a thing which we would remember . Memorial . That which putteth one in remembrance . Mendicitie . Beggery . Menniges . Thinne skins in which the braine is contained . There are two such skinnes : one called by Physitians , Dicta mater , which is the stronger of the two , and next vnto the scull . The other named Pia mater , is within this first , beeing more tender and sine , and close wrapping the braine it selfe . If any of these skinnes hee wounded , it causeth speedy death . Menstruous . Which hath vpon her the monethly courses , or which belongeth to them . Mensuration . A measuring . Mentall . That which is only thought in the mind . Mercenary . A hireling : one that worketh for hire . Mercurian . Eloquent as Mercury was . Meridian . Of or belonging to noone day , or the South part of the world . Merit . Desert , or to deserue . Meritorious . Which doth much deserue . Messias . The same in Hebrew , that Christ is in Greeke : to wit , Annointed . Our Lord and Sauiour is often so called . Metamorphise . To change the outward shape . Metamorphosis . A change from one shape to another Metaphore . The changing of a word , from the naturall sense , into another sense like to it : as in saying , Couetousnesse is the roote of all euill : Where the word Root , is called a Metaphore , because it signifieth , the cause and beginning of all euill , euen as a root is the cause , from whence a Plante springeth . Metaphoricall . Spoken by a Metaphore . Metaphysikes . Arts which lifting themselues aboue the changeable nature of things , doe consider of such as doe subsist in their owne essence , not subiect to any alteration ; so that the Metaphysicks dealeth onely with incorporall , and euerlasting things , and in this sense schoole Diuinity is the highest part of the Metaphysickes , being chiefely occupied in contemplatory knowledge of God , angels , and soules of men . Meteore . Any imperfect mixt substance ingendred , in the ayre ; as rayne , snowe , hayle , thunder , lightning , blazing starres , cloudes , and winde : all which are made of vapors or exhalations drawn vp from the earth and Sea , by attractiue vertue of the Sunne . Meter . Measure , or a verse made by measure . Method . A direct way , to teach or doe any thing . Metonymie . A figure in speaking , when the cause is put for the effect , the subiect for the adiuact , or contrarily . Metropolitan . The chiefe or mother city : an Arch-Bishop . Microcosmus . It properly signifieth a little world . This terme is sometime applyed to man , who is therefore called a Microcosmus or little world , because his body being compared to the baser part of the world , and his soule to , the blessed Angels , seemeth to signifie , that man is as it were a little world and that the whole world doeth resemble a great man. Midrisse . A sinewie skin passing ouerthwarte in mans body , which diuideth the heart and lungs , from the stomacke , guttes , & liuer , lest the vitall parts should bee oftended with any ill vapour comming from them . Migrant . A disease coming by sits , eyther in the right or left side of the head ; caused by distemperate humours or vapours , brought thither from the veines or arteries at certaine times , Militant . Warring or which is in warfare , Military , Warlike : or belonging to warre . Mimicall . That which belongeth or scoffing behaviour , or wanton gesture . Mimicke . A wanton gester , a counterfet foole . Minatory . Threatning . Minerall . Mettall or any thing digged out of the earth . Miniature . A small proportion : a little figure . Miniuer . A sine white Furre made of the bellies of Squirrels : some say it is the skinne of a little white Vermin , breeding in Muscouia . Minor. The lesser , the yonger . Minority . A mans time before he be of full age in the lawe , to dispose of his goods and lands . Minotaure . A poeticall monster , halfe like man , halfe like a Bull. This monster was kept in the Labyrinth of Candy , and fedde with mans flesh , where at last he was slaine by Theseus , as Poets report Miscreant . An infidell , a false beleeuer . Misprision . An offence inclinable to fellony or treason , but not so capital , as fellony or treason is , in which the offendour shall be punished by fine , losse of goods , forfeite of lands , during his life , or perpetuall imprisonment , according to the quality of his offence . Mission . A sending . Missive . That which witnesseth ones being sent . Mistledon . A plant which hath slender branches , and greene thick leaues , growing neuer vpon the ground but vpon other trees . The best is that which groweth vpon an oake , and the leaues and fruit hereof are good to soften and ripen any cold hard swellings . Misy : A kinde of yellow copperas , shining like gold brought out of Egypt and the I le of Cyprus : It is of a fretting burning nature , as the common copperas is . Mithridate . A great confection like treacle , inuented by King Mithridates , from whom it taketh the name . It is of singular vertue against poyson , and hath so many and strong simples in it , that it ought not to bee taken inwardly before it bee aboue sixe moneths old . Mittigate . To asswage or pacifie . Mitigation . A pacifying , an asswaging . Mittimus . A warrant made to conuey an offender to prison . Mixture . A mingling . Mobility . Aptnes to mooue . Moderate . Measurable , temperate , also to gouerne or temper with discretion . Moderation . A due proportion , temperance , good discretion . Moderator . A discreet gouernour , hee that keepeth both parties from beeing too extreame . Moderne . Liuing now in our age . Modicum . A little , a poore pittance . Modulation . A pleasant tuning or sweete singing . Modwall . A bird which destroyeth bees . Moity . Halfe. Moleboute . A great fish which maketh a grunting noyse when he is taken . Molestation . A troubling . Mollifie . To make soft . Mollification . A making soft . Moloch . The name of an Idol , in the vally of Ennon , in the tribe of Beniamin , to which the Israelites did abhominably offer their children , in sacrifice of fire This Idoll was made in the likenesse of a Calfe . Moment . A minute , a very little time , sometime the valew or weight of a thing . Momentany , Of short continuance , which lasteth a very little while . Monarch . A King or Prince that ruleth alone , without any equall . Monarchie . The rule of one Prince alone , or a countrey so gouerned . Monasterle . A religious house of Monkes . Monasticall . Solitarie , belonging to a Monasterie . Monition . A warning . Monologie . A speaking still of one thing , a long tale of one matter . Monomachie . A single fight betweene two , hand to hand . Monopolie . When a man doth ingrosse or get commodities into his hands , in such fashion that none can sel them , or gaine by them but himselfe . Moote . To argue or reason a case in law . Morall . Of or belonging to good manners : some time one of good behauiour : sometimes the meaning of a fable . Moralitie . Goodnesse of manners , ciuilitie . Morgage . To lay house or land to pawne , in such sort that they are forfeit , if the money be not repayed at a certaine time . Morositie . Frowardnesse , way wardnesse . Morpheus . Sleepe , or the God of sleepe . Mortifie . To kill : sometime to tame , to breake the courage , or take away ones delight . Mortification . A killing , a pulling away of ones pleasure . Mortmaine A terme in the Law , when lands were giuen to a house of religion , or to a company corporate by the Kings grant ; for then such land is said to come into Mortmaine , that is , a dead hand , and by a statue , the King or Lord of whom it is holden may enter into it . Mortuarie . A payment due in some places for the buriall of the dead : which is foure shillings and foure pence where the goods of the deceased party are aboue the value of twentie nobbles , and vnder thirty poundes : sixe shillings and eight pence , where the goods exceede thirtie pounds ; and ten shillings where the goods amount aboue the valew of threescore pounds . Mosaicall . A cunning kinde of painting , which seemeth to bee embossed and grauen in some places . Mother . A disease in women , when the wombe riseth with paine vpward . In this disease the smelling to all sweet sauours is harmefull , as contrarily the smelling to all strong loathsome sauours , profitable . Motion . A mouing from place to place , or the moouing of a matter to haue it considered of . Motiue . A cause mouing one to any thing . Motte . A word , or short sentence . Mountibancke . A base deceitfull merchant ( especially of Apothecaries drugs ) that with impudent lying doth for the most part sell counterfeite stuffe to the common people . Mugwet . See Gatherbagge . Mulet . A fine or penalty layd on one . Mullet . A kinde of deynty fith : it is also a tearme in Heraldry , which signifieth a spot descending from high , and deuided into fiue corners or ends out of one drop . Mummia . A thing like pitch , solde by Apothecaries . Some affirme it is taken out of olde Tombes , being a corrupted humour that droppeth there from embalmed bodies : others say it is made of mans flesh boyled in a pitch . It is hot in the second degree , and good against all bru●sings , spetting of bloud , and diuerse other diseases . Mundane . Worldly . Mundifie . To make cleane . Mundification . A making cleane . Municipall . Of or belonging to the state of a Free-man or Burgesse of a Citty . Munificence . Liberality . Munificent . Liberal , bountifull . Munition . Great Ordinance for the warre , great shot . Muscle . In physicke it signifieth a knitting together of flesh with veines , arteries and sinewes , seruing specially for the motion of some part of the bodie , by reason of sinewes in it . Muses . The feined goddesses of poetry , and musicke , which were nine in number and daughter vnto Iupiter and Mnemosyne : Their names were Cleio , Melpomene , Thaleia , Euterpe , Terpsichore , Erato , Calliope , Vtania and Polymneia . Muske . It is brought out of India and other hotte countries , taken there from a beast like a Roe , sauing that it hath two crooked teeth bending inward like two hornes ; within which beast the muske groweth , conteined in a little bag or bladder . It is comfortable to the heart and braine , by reason of the sweete smell thereof ; being hotte and dry in operation ; and it conueyeth the vertues of diuerse medicines , to those the two principall parts . Mutation . A change . Mute . Dumbe . Mutable . Changeable . Mutabilitie . Changeablenesse . Mutinie . An vprore : a troublesome assembly of people together . Mutinous . Apt to broed quarrels , or discord among the people . Mutuall . That which passeth one from another . Mutulate . To maime , cut off , or make lame . Muzrole . A ring or band of yron , to come ouer a horses nose . Myrobalanes . A fruite growing in Egypt and Syria , like Plummes , or Damsens . There are fiue kinds hereof , distinguished by these names , Citrina , Inda , Cepula , Emblica , and Bellirica , They are colde in operation , and comfortable to nature ; The first of these purgeth choler , the second melancholie , and , the three last fleame . Myrrhe . A Gumme brought out of Arabia , and Assyria , of colour betweene white and red , It is hotte and drie in the second degree , or as some write in the third , and is often vsed in Physicke , being of an opening , cleansing , and dissoluing nature . Poets feine that Myrrhe , first came by reason of a kings daughter , named Myrrha , who for a grieuous crime committed , was by the gods turned into a little , Tree , out of the branches whereof this Gumme still droppeth in manner of teares , as a token of her repentant sorrow . Myrtle . A little lowe Tree growing in some hotte countries , ●hauing small darke leaues , and bearing berries , which are of a binding nature , good to stop any issue of blood . This myrtle is a tender plant , not able to endure cold , and was wont to bee worne of the Romane captaines garland-wise in triumph , when they had obtained any victorie , without slaughter of men : Poets consecrated this Tree to Venus . Myster . Vnknowen : strange . Mysticall . Darke , which hath a mysterie in it . Mysterious . Darke spoken in a mystery , hard to vnderstand . N NAdir . That point in the heauens which is direct vnder our feet . Naiades . The water Nimphes . Naperie . Linnen for the Table . Narcoticall . That which hath power to prouoke sleepe , or to make the bodie insensible . * Narre . Neerer . Narration . A declaration of the matter whereof one purposeth to speake . A report , a discourse . Natiue . Naturall : The place where one was borne . Naturalize . To make naturall . Naue . The middle part of a wheele . Nauigable . Any water where ships may faile . Nauigation . A sailing by Sea. Nauigator . A Sayler : a Marriner Nazarite . In Hebrew it signifieth a man separated or diuided . The Iewes so called those that had vowed themselues for sometime to God : And these Nazarites , while their vow lasted , where to abstaine from wine and Grapes , either greene or dry , and generally from all whatsoeuer came from the vine tree or might make a man drunke . They also cut not their haire , but suffered it still to grow , and obserued diuers other ceremonies . The date of their vowe being expired , they presented themselues to the Priest , who offered a sacrifice for them , and then was the Nazarites haire cut , and burnt with the sacrifice . After which time it was lawfull , for the Nazarites to drinke wine as before . Necromancy . See Diuination . Nectar . Poets faine it to be a delicate pleasant liquor , which the gods vsed to drinke . Nefarious . Very wicked . Negation . A denying . Negatiue . A denyall , or that which denyeth . Negotiate . To trafike in merchandise : to follow much businesse . Negotiation . A buying and selling : a trafike of merchandise . Neophyte . Any thing lately planted or set : wherefore it is often taken for one , who is newly conuerted to the faith : a nouice , or young learner . Nerue . A sinew . Neuter . Neither on the one side , nor the other . An indifferent party . Neutrality , A retchlesse beeing on neither side . Nicotiane . The hearbe Tobacco , so called of a French mans name who first brought the knowledge of this herbe into France . Niese . In our common Lawe , it signifieth a bond woman . Niter . A substance like Salt , but sometime of a light red colour . It is hot and dry , of a strong fretting nature : some take it to be salt Peter . Nobilitate . To make Noble . Nocent . Hurtfull . Nocturne . Psalmes and Prayers vsed at certaine houres of the night . Nocturnall . Belonging to the night . N●linie tangere . A disease by some so called . It is a peece of flesh growing in the nostrill , in such sort that it often stoppeth the winde . Nombrill . In Herauldry it signifieth the lower part of a scuchion which is diuided by the breadth , into three euen parts . Nominate . To name , to appoint . Nomination . A naming . Nonage . A childes age vnder 21. yeares old . Nonresidencie . Vnlawfull absence from the place of of ones charge . Nonresident . Absent from his charge , or where hee ought to dwell . Nones . In March , May , Iulie , and October , they art the sixe dayes , next following the first day : In other months , they are the foure dayes next after the first ; but the last of these dayes is properly called Nones , and the other reckoned backward according to the number distant frō the Nones ; as the third , fourth , or fift Nones . They are called Nones , because they are iust nine daies before the Ides . Nonplus : No more , a terme somtime vsed , when a man can speake no further , or make no answer to an obiection . Nonsuite . The letting of a suite fall . Norroy . One of the Herauldes , hauing the same authority beyond Trent northward ; that Clarentius hath from Trent Southward . Notice . Knowledge . Notifie . To make knowne . Nouelty . Newes , a newe matter . Nouice . A young learner , o●e that hath no experience . Nouity . Newnesse . Nullifidian . Of no honestie , of no religion . Nullity . Nothing . Numeration . A numbering . Nuncupation . A naming . Nuptiall . Of or belonging to marriage . Nutriment . Nourishment . Nutritiue . Which nourisheth . Nymph . A Virgine , a faire young Maide . O OBdurate . To harden , also hard , or vnrelenting . Obduration . A hardening . Obeliske . A great square stone , broad beneath , and rising of an admirable height , smaller and smaller , toward the toppe . There were diuers of these Obeliskes in Egypt , consecrated in honour of the Sunne : whereof foure were principall erected by King Sochis , of two hundred and forty yards high : In time of the Romane Emperours , many Obeliskes were likewise set at Rome . Obiect . That which is placed before ones eyes , or the thing that one laboureth to attaine . Obiection . A laying to ones charge . Obiurgate . To chide , to reprooue sharpely . Obiurgation . A chiding . Oblation . A sacrifice , an offering . Oblige . To binde . Oblique . Crooked , ouerthwart . Obliquitie . Crookednesse . Obliterate . To blot out . Obliuion Forgetfulnesse . Obliuious . Forgetfull . Obloquie . Slander : euill report . Obnoxious . Subiect to danger . Obscene . Filthy , abhominable , dishonest . Obscenity . Filthy talke . Obscure . Darke . Obscurity . Darknesse . Obsecrate . To intreate ▪ to beseech . Obsecration . A beseeching . Obsequie . A Funerall : a solemne buriall . Obsequious , Dutifull : diligent , seruiceable . Obseruance , Diligent heede , or attendance . Obseruant . Dutifully watching diligent . Obsesse . To besiege : or compasse about : A man is said to bee obsest , when an euill spirit followeth him , troubling him diuers times and seeking oportunity to enter into him . Obsolete . Olde , stale , growne out of vse . Obstacle . A hinderance or lette . Obstruction . A stopping , commonly in the body . Obtestation . A beseeching . Obtrectations . A slandering behind ones backe . Obtrude . To thrust forth , to cast vpon one . Obtuse . Dull ; blunt . Occidentall . Of or belonging to the West . Occurre . To come in the way : to meete with one . Occurrent . That which happeneth or commeth in the way . Ocean . The vniuersall maine Sea , compassing the greater part of the earth . Octances . Eight dayes next after some principall feasts of the yeare . Ode . A song . Odious . Hatefull . Odour . A sweet smell . Odoriferous . Sweet smelling . Oeconomie . The knowledge of wel ordering matters blonging to houshold . Oeconomicall . Of or belonging to houshold . Oecumenicall . Vniuersall generall . Oedeme . A waterish swelling , in the body without paine , caused by some flegmaticke or vaporous humour , and leauing a hollow dent or pit therein , if one presse it downe with the finger . Offensive . Which offendeth . Officious , Seruiceable ▪ willing to please . Officiall . An Officer . Olibanum . The right frankincense , which is a Gumme , growing in Arabia ; whereof there are two kindes : the femall or smaller frankincense , and the male , the greater whitet , and stronger : of which Virgill speaketh , Eclog. 8. Burne Verucine fatte , and strong male frankincense . It is hotte and dry , good for perfumes to correct infectious ayre , and to be put in plaisters for greenwounds . The weight of two or three Wheate cornes swallowed downe , doth helpe digestion , and maketh the breath swette . Where note that the right Olibanum or Frankincense will burne like a candle , and that which is counterfeit consume away in smoake . Oligarchie . A common wealth where a few principall persons gouerne all the rest . Olympicke games . Solemne games of running , riding , wrastling , and other feates of actiuitie , kept euery fift yeare on a high hill in Greece , called Olympus . The reward to those that ouercame in these trials , was nothing but a Garland of Oliue branches , least couetousnesse , rather then vertue should make men striue for victorie : which was the cause that Tigranes Sonne of Artabanus , seruing in the huge armie of King Xerxes , who then inuaded Greece , said to Mardonius , who had perswaded the King to that enterprize ; against what a people haue you brought vs to fight , that more esteeme honour then mony ? Thinking it impossible to ouercome such Nations as were so affected . Omen . A hausening . Ominous . Hausening that which signifieth som good or bad lucke to ensue . Omission . A letting slip : a leaning vndone . Omit . To forbeare : to leaue vndone . Omnipotencie . Almightinesse . Omnipotent . Almightie . Omniregencie . The hauing all authoritie in ones owne hands . Onerate . To burden or ouercharge . Onyx . A precious stone found in the Mountaines of Arabia , of the colour of a mans naile . Some write , that it is congealed of a iuyce dropping from a tree called Onytha , which is the cause that it smelleth sweet being cast into the fire , as also that it is often found with diuers pictures in it , being easily therein fashioned , before the stone bee throughly hardened . Opall . A precious stone of diuers colours , wherein appeareth the fierie shining of the Carbuncle , the purple colour of the Amethyst , and the greene shew of the Emerald , very strangely mixed together . Operate . To worke . Operatiue . Which worketh , or hath power to worke . Ophthalmie . An inflammation of the outer skin of the eye , caused by hot fretting humours flowing thither . Opinionate . Bent to his own opinion : selfe-willed . Opium . The iuice of black Poppie , sold dry by Apothecaries . It is sometime vsed in Physicke to make one sleepe , or to asswage excessiue paine ; but then it must bee mixed with other things discretion ; for taken alone it will cast one into a deadly sleepe ; beeing cold and dry in the fourth degree . Opobalsamum . See Balme . Opopanax . A sappe or liquor flowing in some hot Countries out of a Plant called Panax . It is brought hither dry , being of a yellow colour on the outside , and white within , if it bee not ouerstale . It is good against cold shiuerings of agues , & to be drunke with meade , of such as are squat or bruised therein . Oportunely . Fitly , in due time . Oppilation . A stopping . Opponent . He which apposeth , or asketh questions . Oppose . To obiect ; to set one thing against another . Opposite . Contrarie , or placed ouer against . Opposition . A putting , setting , or standing against . Opprobrious . Reprochful , naughtie , wicked . Oppugne . To resist , to fight against . Optike . Belonging to the sight . Option . A wish . Opulencie . Great wealth , riches . Or. Gold , or golden colour . Oracle . An answere or counsel giuen by God. Among the Gentiles , these Oracles were but illusions of the diuel , who answered for the most part doubtfully in Idols , to questions or demands made vnto him . There were two such principall places of Oracles : One of Ammon or Iupiter , in Lybia , which was founded vpon this occasion . When Bacchus after his conquests in India , came into the hot burning countrey of Lybia , and wanted there water to releeue his armie , it is said that he praied to his father Iupiter to helpe him in that distresse : whereupon there appeared a Ramme vnto him , which stamping vpon the ground with his foote , caused a fountaine forthwith to spring in the place . Bacchus obtaining by this meanes his desire , built a temple there of exceeding huge greatnesse , in the middle whereof , hee erected an Idoll to Iupiter , in the likenesse of a Ram ; which Idol afterward gaue Oracles , and was called the Oracle of Ammon ; because it was situated in a dry sandy place ; for Ammos in Greeke signifieth Sand. The other Oracle was at Delphi , a Cittie of Beotia in Greece , where Apollo was said to giue answers . Oratorie . A place to pray in . Oratour . One that pleadeth causes , an eloquent speaker . Orbe . Any perfect round circle hollow in the midst . Orbicular , Round like an Orbe . Orchall . A stone like Allume , vsed somtime by Diers to raise a red colour . Ordinarie . A Iudge that hath ordinary iurisdiction in Ecclesiasticall causes . Ordure . Dung , filth . Orgall . The lees of Wine dried , vsed by Diers to make their cloth to drinke in the colour throughly . Organicall . That which consisteth of diuers substantiall parts & members . Organist . A player vpon Organs . Organ Ling. A kinde of Ling brought out of the North Countries . Orgies . Rude ceremonies instituted by the Poet Orpheus , to bee kept euery third yeare in the honour of Bacchus . Orient . The East . Orient Pearles . Glistring Pearles of great price . Orientall . Of , or belonging to the East . Orifice The mouth of any thing , or the outward hole of a wound . Originall . The first beginning . The first of any thing . Oringos . Certaine rootes growing in some places , neere the Sea side . The Plant is called Sea hollie , bearing prickly broad leaues , and round sharpe prickly heads , set about with small skie coloured floures . These rootes are very long and deepe into the ground , of an ashie colour in the outside and full of ioynts . They vse , scraping of the outer rinde of these roots , & pulling out the pith , to preserue them by boyling them with Sugar or Hony , & a little Cinamon and Ginger ; which preserue is very good for aged people , and such as are consumed in their bodie , to nourish them againe . Orisons . Prayers . Ornament . A garnishing . Ornature . A garnishing , a setting forth . Ornifie . To garnish . Orphan . He that wanteth Father and Mother : friendlesse . Orpment . A soft yellow kind of Arsenik , like vnto Brimstone : It is commonly taken for Rats-bane . Orthodoxall . That which belongeth to a true and right faith , or Religion . Orthographie . The art of writing words truly ; as Sonne of man , with an O : Sunne that shineth , with the vowell V. Orthographist . Hee that professeth or is skilfull in Orthographie . Osanna . See Hosanna . Osprey . A kinde of rauenous Fowle , which houereth ouer pooles to take Fish . Ostentation . Boasting ; vaine craking or vaunting . A proude setting foorth to shew . Ostiary . An officer hauing authority to keep vnworthy persons out of the Church . Ostracisme . A banishment among the Athenians for ten years , so called because they vsed to write the names of the party so condemned , in Oyster shelles . This punishment was chiefely vsed , to abate the ouergreat power of noble men . Ouall . A long round circle made like an egge , such as pictures are sometimes drawne in . Ouerture . An ouerturning , a sudden change . Oxgang . Thirteene acres of land . Oxymel . A sirupe made of Hony , Vineger and water , good to cut and clense grosse flegmatick humors : sometime there are boyled certen roots and seeds with it ; and then it is called Oxymell compositum : sometime it is made with Hony , Vineger , and the Sea Onion , and then it is named Oymel Scilliticum which also is of two sorts , to witte , simple and compound . P. PAcal . A tree in India so called . Pacification . An appeasing or pacifying . Pacificatory . Which appeaseth or pacifieth . Pact . A bargaine . Page . A written side of a lease of paper . Pagan . A Heathen : an infidell . Paganisme . The beleefe of the Pagans . Paico . An hearbe in India , good against the griefe of the stone in the Kidnies , which commeth of windinesse or colde causes . Palate . The vpper hollow part of the mouth , wherin lieth the sense of tasting , as in the tongue . Palestricall . Of , or belonging to wrastling . Also that which is done decently with comely gesture of the body . Palinode . A recantation or denying of an opinion formerly maintained . * Palliard . A Whooremonger . * Palliardise . Whooredome . Palliate . To cloke , to couer . Pallizado . Great posts set vp in the entry to a Camp for a defence against great shot . Palme . The tree which beareth Dates , growing plentifully in the holy land . There are of these trees found also in some parts of Egypt , but they beare no fruite , or if they beare any it is vnpleasant . The branches of this tree , were wont to be carried as a token of victory , because they are of that nature , that they wil stil shoot vpward , though oppressed with neuer so great weight , & the leaues thereof neuer fall . Of this tree there is male and female : the male beareth only blossomes & no fruit , but the female beares both . In olde times , some people vsed to write with Paper , made of leaues of the Palme tree . Palmer . A poore pilgrime , that visiteth all holy places . Palmister . He that telleth ones fortune by looking in his hand . Palmistry . See Diuination . Palpable . That which may be felt with the fingers : manifest , notorious . Pamphlet . A little booke . Pandar . A base fellow that keepeth or attendeth vpon Harlots . Pandect . A booke treating of all matters : also the Volume of the Ciuill Lawe called Digests , is so called . Panegyricall . That which is spoken flatteringly in praise of some great person : Also it signifieth , stately , honorable , magnificent , or a speech made of many great matters together . Panther . A fierce wilde beast , hauing a sweet smel , and a faire spotted skinne , wherewith ▪ shee allureth other beastes to looke on her ; hiding her head least it should make them afraid , and by this means , getteth her prey more easily . The male of this beast is the libard . The panthers ( as is written ) haue on their shoulder a spotte , which groweth and waineth like the moon . This beast is so fearfull of the Hyena , that in his presence shee dareth not doe any thing : in so much that if one haue but a peece of the skinne of a Hyena , the Panther will not touch him , and it is sayde , that if both their skins be hanged together , the haire of the Panthers skin will fall of . Panyme . A heathen , a gentile . Parable . A similitude or resemblance made of a thing . Paracelsian . A physition that followeth the method of Paracelsus , and his manner of curing , which was by exceeding strong oyles and waters extracted out of the nature of things . Paraclete . A comforter . Paradise . A garden or pleasant place . Paradox . An opinion maintained cōtrary to the common allowed opinion as if one affirme that the earth doth mooue round , and the heauens stand stil . Paragon . A beautifull peece , a louely creature . Paragraph . It properly signifieth any marke set in a margent , to note the different discourses in a booke , or long chapter , wherefore such diuisions in writing , are commonly called Paragraphs . Paralipomenon . Omitted , or not spoken of : There are two bookes in the old testamēt so called , because many worthy histories omitted in the bookes of Kings , are there related . Parallels . Lines running of an equall distance from each other , which can neuer meete , though they be drawn infinitely in length , thus , parallel lines . In Astronomie there are fiue such imagined lines , running circlewise about the round compasse of the heavens . The first is the Equinoctiall line iust in the middle of the world betweene the two Poles . The second northward from the Equinoctiall , is the Tropike of Cancer , to which line the sunne commeth about the twelfth day of Iune . The third ( yet more northward ) is the northerne circle , within 23. degrees and 50. minutes of the North pole . The fourth line is the Tropike of Capricorne , declining southward frō the Equinoctiall , as much as the Tropike of Cancer doth northward , and to this line the sunne commeth about the twelfth of December . The fift and last line is the southerne circle , beeing as neere the south pole , as the northerne circle ( before spoken of ) is to the North pole . Paralogisme . A deceitfull syllogisme , a manner of arguing which seemeth true , when it is not as in saying , Hee that affirmeth William to be a lining creature , sayth true . He that affirmeth William to bee a horse , affirmeth him to be a living creature . Therefore he that affirmeth William to bee a horse saith true . Paramounte . The chiefe Lord of the fee. Paramour . A Sweete heart , one dearely beloued . Paraphrase . A free manner of translation or interpretation , wherein a man doth not tye himselfe to expresse euery word as it lyeth in the coppy , but to explicate and adorne the matter more at large , and to abridge somethings , yet still keeping the sense of the Author , any such translatiō is called a Paraphrasticall translation . Parasite . A Flatterer , a trencher friend . One that is still hanging on some rich man , and flatteringly feedeth his humor because hee would bee partaker of his good cheere . Parcitie . Sparingnesse , niggardnesse . Parenthesis . Any word or sentence , thrust into an other sentence , in such sort that it may bee left out in speaking , and yet the sense of the matter still remaine whole . Such word or sentence is commonly marked with two halfe circles ( thus ) Paricide . One that hath killed his owne Father or Mother . Among the auncient Romans if any committed so horrible a crime , hee was sowed aliue in a leather bag , with a Cocke , an Ape , and an Adder put to him ( and as some write , a Dog ) & so were throwne together into the riuer Tyber , where the miserable Caytife must needs die a lingering death , being depriued of the vse of al elements , saue onely a little aire , to draw his wretched life in torment the longer . Paritie . Equalitie , likenesse . Parley . A talking together . Paroxysme . The sharpe assault or fit of an ague . Parsimonie . Thriftinesse , good husbandrie . Parsimonious . Thriftie , sparing . Particularise . To draw or deuide things in speaking , into certaine particulars or small parcels . Partisan . A weapon like a Halberd . Paschall . Of or belonging to the feast of Easter . Pasche . The feast of Easter . Passant . Walking , passing along . Passible . Which may suffer , or feele paine . Passion . A suffering . Pastor . A shepheard . Pastorall . Of or belonging to a shepheard . Paternall . Fatherly . Patheticall . Passionate , or that which mooueth passions in a man. Patriarch . A great auncestour , a great Bishop or father . Patrimonie . Goods or lands left one by his father , or some other auncestour . Patrone . A defender , a great friend that supporteth one . Patronage . Defence . Patronize To defend . Paucitie . Fewnesse . Pauice . A great large shield that couereth the whole bodie . Pauilion . A tent for war. Paunage . The feeding of swine in any forrest , wood , or other place with mast . Peccaui . I haue offended . Pectorall . Belonging to the breast , or which hangeth before the breast . Pecuniarie . Of or belonging to money . Pellican . A bird that wanting foode , feedeth her yong ones ( as is said ) with her owne blood . Pellmell . Confusedly , running disorderly together . Penall . Of or belonging to paine or punishment . Pendant . Hanging downward . Penetrable . Which may be pearsed through . Penetrate . To pearse thorough . Penetentiall . Belonging to penance or repentance . Penitent . He that is heartily sortie and repenteth . Penon . An ensigne or banner borne in watre . Pension . A yeerely fee or wages for some seruice done . Pensiue . Sad , heauy . Pentateuch . The fiue bookes of Moses , to wit , Genesis , Exodus , Leuiticus , Numeri , and Denteronomie . Pentecost . The feast of Whitsontide , so called because it is fiftie daies after Easter . For Pentecost in Greeke signifieth the fiftieth . Penurie . Want , pouertie . Penurious . Poore , in want . Perambulation . A walking . Perceptible . Which may be perceiued . Perch . A kinde of fish , It signifieth also a rod or long pole vsed in measuring of land , beeing of 16. foote & a halfe in length , and in some places more . Percullis . The name of an office of one of the Pursiuants at armes . Percussion . A striking . Perdition . Destruction . Perdurable . Lasting , of long continuance . Peregrination . A trauelling into a strange land . Peremptorie . Resolute , short , quicke . Perennitie . Long continuance . Perfidious . Treacherous , not to be trusted . Perfidiousnesse . Treacherie , disloyaltie . Perfunctory . Carelesly don . Perigeon . The neerest distance of the Planets from the earth . Period . The perfect end of a sentence , marked commonly with a full point thus ( . ) Peripatetickes . Philosophers of the sect of Aristotle : so called because they walked in their readings and disputations : for Peripatco , in Greeke , signifieth to walke . Periphrasis . A long speaking , a speaking of one word by many . Periscians . People dwelling so neere either of the two Poles , that their shadowes goe round about them like a wheele . Periutie . A forswearing . Permission . A Sufferance , leaue . Permutation . A changing Pernicious . Deadly , dangerous . Peroration . The conclusion of a long speech or Oration . Perpendicular . Directly , downe right . Perpetrate . To commit any vnlawfull thing . Perpetuitie . Euerlastingnesse . Perplexitie . Great doubtfulnesse , intanglednesse . Perquisits . Profits comming to lords of mannors by casualtie , or vncertainly as escheats , heriots , releefes , strayes , forfeitures . Persist . To continue to the end . Personate . To represent the person of another . Perspicuitie . Cleerenesse , plainnesse . Perspicuous . Cleere , plain , manifest . Perswasiue . Which doth or may perswade . Pertinacie . Stubbornnes , wilfulnesse . Perturbe . To trouble . Penurbation . A trouble , a great disquietnesse . Peruerse . Froward , contrarie . Peruert . To corrupt or marre : to turne one from good to bad . Pestiferous . Mortal , deadly , poysonous . Petition . A suite , a demand , a request . Petroll . A substance strained out of the naturall Bitumen spoken of before . It is for the most part white , and somtime black , and being once set on fire , can hardly be quenched . Pettie . Being placed before other words , it signifieth little . Pettie Sargeantie . A tenure of lands , holden of the King , by yeelding to him , a Buckler , Arrow , Bow , or such like seruice . Petulancie . Wanton saucinesse , malepart boldnes . Phantasme . A vision or imagined appearance . Pharisee . A sect of Iewes , professing more holinesse then the common sort did . They wore on their foreheads little scrols , wherein were written the ten commandements ; and were called Pharises , of the Hebrew word Phares , which signifieth to diuide or separate , because by their feined deuotion they seemed to separate themselues from the other people . Pheere . See Feere . Phenix . The rarest Bird in the world . It is written , that there was neuer any but one of this kind liuing at one time , and that only in Arabia ; of the bignesse of an Eagle , of a purple colour , hauing a bright colour of golde about his necke , a goodly faire taile , and a tuft of feathers vpon his head . He liueth aboue 600. yeares , and being old , buildeth him a nest of Cinnamon and the twigs of Frankincence , which he filleth with spices , & then with the labouring of his wings in the Sun , setting it on fire , is there consumed in it ; out of whose Ashes there groweth a Worme , and of the worme another Phenix . Pheon . A terme in Heraldry : It signifieth the head of a Dart. Philosopher . A louer of wisedome . It is commonly vsed for a learned man , of great knowledge in the nature of things . Philosophy . The study of wisedome : a deepe knowledge in the nature of things . There are three different kindes hereof 1 , Rationall Philosophy , including , Grammar , Logik , and Rhetoricke . 2 Naturall Philosophy teaching the nature of all things , and conteining besides Arithmetick , Musick , Geometry and Astronomy . 3. Morall Philosophy , which consisteth in the knowledge and practise of ciuility and good behauiour . Philtre . An amorous potion : a drinke to procure loue . Phlebotomy . Letting of blood . Physitions ( as is written ) learned this practise first of a beast called Hyppopotamus , liuing , in the riuer Nilus ; which beeing of a rauenous nature , and therefore often ouercharged with much eating , is wont to seek in the banks , for some sharpe stubbe of a Reed ; vpon which pricking his leg , he thereby easeth his ful body , stopping the bleeding afterward with mud . Phlegmon . A hot swelling of inflamed blood . Phrase . A manner of speaking . Phylactery . A scroll of parchment which the Pharises wrote on their foreheads , hauing the ten commandements written in it . Physignomie . An arte to iudge of ones nature or conditions by his visage and forme of his body . Phytonisse . A woman possessed with a spirit , & therby foretelling things to come . Pia mater . The inmost skin which incloseth the braine round about . Pickage . Money paide at Faires for breaking the ground to set vp boothes . Piety . Godlinesse . Pigmen . A painting . Pight . Set or placed . Pine tree . A tall strong tree not subiect to wormes or rottennesse , and therefore much vsed , where it groweth to make shippes . The leaues of this tree are hard pointed , sharpe and narrow , continuing greene all the yeare , and the shaddow thereof will not suffer any plant to grow vnder it . Pinipinichi . A milkie iuyce drawne out of certaine trees in India . It is somewhat thick and clam , my , and with great vehemency purgeth cholerike humours . Pinnas . A fruite growing in India , good for the stomacke and heart . Pioner . A labourer in an army , vsed to cast trenches or vndermine forces . Pious . Godly , vertuous . Pipe. A measure of halfe a Tunne ; that is 126. gallons . Piepowders . A court held in faires for redresse of disorders these committed . Pirate . A robber by sea . Pistacke . See Fistik-nuts . Placable . Gentle , milde , that will soone bee pacified . Placability . Gentlenes , mildenes . Placard . A licence to maintain vnlawfull games . Plaintife . Hee that complaineth . Plane tree . A tree wide spreading , with broade leaues , in times past greatly esteemed in Italy onely for the shadow thereof , in so much that they often bedewed it with wine to make it grow . The Romans were wont to banquet much vnder these trees . Planet . A wandering Starre mooued onely in a spheare by himself : there are seauen such Starres , to wit , the Sun , Venus , Mercury , the Moone , Saturne , Iupiter , and Mars . They are called Planets of a greeke word signifying to wander or goe astray , because these Starres passe through the twelue signes , and are sometimes wide distant , sometimes neere to each other . Plaudite . A signe of reioycing : a clapping of the hands . Plausible . That which greatly pleaseth or reioyceth . Plebeian . One of the common people . Pleget A linnen cloath dipped in any water to wash , or lay to a sore place Plenary . Full , whole , intire . Plenitude . Fulnesse . Pleurisie . A disease when the inward skin of the ribs in mans body , is idflamed with to much blood , flowing vnnaturally to it . In this disease there is a hardnesse to fetch breath , a cough , a continuall ague , and a pricking paine about the ribs . Plonkets . A kind of wollen cloth . Plume . A feather . Plurall . More than one . Plurality . The being or hauing more than one . Poeme . Any short matter , wittingly contriued in verse . Poesie . The writing of a Poet ; a Poets worke . Poet. One that writeth well in verse . Poetaster . A counterfeite Poet : a bad Poet. Poeticall . Like a Poet : belonging to a Poet , Poetize . To write like a Poet. Poetrie . The same that Poesie is . Poise . Weight , heauines . Pole. The end of the axle-tree whereon the heauens do moue ; that part or point of the heauens , which neuer moueth . There are two such Poles of the world ; one called the north pole , visible to vs in the North , farre aboue the earth : the other called the south pole , farre out of our sight , beeing as much vnder the earth in the South , as the North pole is aboue it . Polish . To make faire or bright . Polite . Bright , trim , fine , Pollute . To defile . Pollution . A defiling , an vncleannesse . Polygamie . The hauing of moe wiues than one : often marriage . Polype . A fish hauing many feete , and changing colour often : wherfore inconstant persons are sometimes said to be Polypes . Polypodium Okeferne : a kind of hearbe like Ferne , growing much about the roots of oakes : The roote of this hearbe is vsed in Phisicke to purge melancholike , grosse , and phlegmaticke humors . Pompe . A great shew , a solemne traine . Pompou● . Stately , very solemne . Ponderous . Heauy , of great weight . Pontage . Money paid toward the maintenance and repayring of bridges . Pontificacy . Popedome . Pontificall . Stately , honorable , Bishoplike . Popular . In great fauour with the common people . Populous . Full of people . Pores . Little holes in the skin ; out of which sweate droppeth , or vapors breath out of the body . Porphyrie . A kinde of red marble . Port. A hauen , or hauen towne , sometime a stately crame or behauiour . Portable Which may easily be carried . Portage . Carriage , transporting . Portend . To foreshew , or signifie before hand . Portent . A monstrous thing which foresheweth some great matter . Portculise . A falling gate to keepe out enemies from a City , or keepe them in . Portgreue . A chiefe officer in certaine Port townes . Portrature . An image , a picture . Portsale . A selling at the hauen . Pose . A rheume or humor which falleth into the no●e , stopping the nostrills and hindering the voyce . Position . A setting or placing : sometimes a sentence propounded . Positiue . Expresly set down and decreed . Postscript . That which is written in the end after an other thing . Posterior . The later , the hinder part . Postilion . A speedy poste or messenger . Postulation . A demand , a request . Potent . Mighty , strong , able . Potentate . A prince , a great ruler . Potion . A Physicall drinke . Pourcontrell . The same that Polype is . Poundage . A Subsidie granted to the kings Maiestie , of twelue pence in the pound , for all merchandise , brought hither , or carried away by euery merchāt denizen , or alien . Practicall . Of or belonging to practise . Practique . The same that practicall is . Prauity . Leudnes , naughtinesse . Preamble . A spee●h , spoken before we enter into a discourse , a flourish or entrance into a matter . Prebend . A portion of maintenance , which euery member or Canon of a Cathedrall Church receiueth in the right of his place . Prebendarie . Hee which hath a Prebend , or yeerely maintenance , out of the lands of a Cathedrall Church , ahd is member of the same Church . Precede . To goe before . Precedent . Going before . Precept . A commandement . Precinct . The compasse , or circuit of a place . Precipitate . To throwe downe headlong . It is also the name of a corosiue pouder , commonly called red Mercury , vsed by Chirurgians , to eate corrupted flesh . Precontract . A former , bargaine , or contract . Percursor . A forerunner , a foregoer . Predestinate . To appoint before hand , what shall follow after . Predestination . An appointment before hand what shall follow . Predecessor . Hee that was in place or office before another . Predicable . That which may bee reported or spoken of . In Logicke it signifieth certaine generall words , or vniuersalities ; whereof there are fiue , to wit , Genus , Species , Differentia , Proprium , and Accidens . Predicament . A terme of Logicke : It signifieth a different order in the nature of things , or certaine generall heads , to which they may be referred ; and there are cōmonly reckoned ten such predicaments The first called Substance , includeth all substances whatsoeuer , as the foure Elements , and all other creatures . The second named Quantity , containeth all quantities , as ten , twenty , a yard , a furlong , a mile . The third called Quality , hath vnder it all qualities , as wisedome , art , fortitude , diligence , sloth . The fourth named Relation , is properly of such words , as depend mutually one vpon another , as a husband and wife , a master and seruant , a father and child . The other sixe are , 5. Action or doing : 6. Passion or suffering : 7. Where : 8. When : 9. Situation or placing : 10. the Habit or outward couering of a thing . Predicate . To tell abroad , to report . In Logicke , it signifieth the later part of a proposition , as in saying , Paul is an Apostle : The word Apostle is called predicate , because it is spoken or affirmed of the subiect Paul. Prediction . A foretelling . Predominant . That ruleth or beareth sway . Preface . That which is spoken or written before . Prefect . A chiefe Magistrate , a Gouernour . Prefigure . See prefigurate . Prefigurate . To foreshew any thing by a figure . Prefiguration . A foreshewing by a figure . Prefixe . To fasten before , or to appoint a time aforehand . Pregnant . Quickewitted , that will soone conceiue . Pregnancy . Quickewittednesse . Preiudicate . To iudge rashly , without due tryall . Preiudication . A iudging before hand . Preiudice . A iudgement giuen before due tryall , or a iudgement formerly giuen of the same matter : sometime it signifieth harme , or hinderance . Preiudiciall . Which iudgeth before due time , sometime hurtfull , or euill . Prelate . A Bishop , a great Clergie man. Premeditate . To thinke before hand . Premeditation . A thinking , or musing vpon a thing aforehand . Premise To send before , to speake before . Premonish . To warne before . Premunire . A punishment wherein the offender loseth all his goods for euer ▪ and libertie during life . Preordaine . To ordaine before hand . Preordinate . Ordained before . Preposterous . Disorderly , vntoward , contrary to due course . Prepose . To preferre , to set before . Prepuce . The foreskinne of a mans yard , which the Hebrewes vsed to cut off in circumcision . Prerogatiue . Priuiledge or authoritie aboue other . Presage . A foretelling , or coniecture made of a thing before hand . Presbytery . Priesthood , eldershippe . Prescience . A knowing beforehand . Prescript . A commandement or appointment by writing . Prescription . Possession and vse of a thing , time out of minde . Preseruatiue . Which preserueth or defendeth from sickenesse . President . A chiefe Iudge or ruler . Pressure . An oppression . Prestigious . Deceitfull : blinding the sight . Pretermission . A letting passe , a leauing out . Pretermit . To ouerpasse . Pretext . A colourable excuse , or pretence . Pretor . A chiefe Iudge , a great officer . Preuarication . Deceit , false dealing : when he that seemeth to helpe a mans cause , doth craftily seeke to hinder it . Pricker . A Huntsman on horsebacke . Pricket . A Fallow Deere two yeeres old . Pricking . The print of a Hares foot on the ground . Prigge . To filch , to steale . Prigging . Stealing . Prime . The morning : sometime the spring , somtime the chiefe . Primacie . Chiefe authority , or iurisdiction . Primate . An Archbishop . Primitiue . The first , the most ancient . Prioritie . The more excellent state or dignitie . Pristine . Old , ancient . Priuation . A depriuing , or taking away . Probable . Which may be prooued . Probation . A proofe , a tryall . Probatum . Proued , tryed . Probitie . Honesty , goodnesse . Probleme . A darke sentence , with a question ioyned vnto it . Procline . Inclining , or bent to a thing . Procliuity . An inclination , a bending to . Proconsull . A deputy vnto a Consull , or one endewed with a Consuls authoritie . Procrastination . A delaying , a prolonging . Procreate . To breede , to bring forth . Procreation . A breeding , a bringing foorth . Procurator . A steward , he that taketh charge to ouersee anothers businesse . Pordigie . A rare thing seldome seene , which signifieth that some strange matter shall after follow . Prodigious . Strange , wonderfull . Prodition . A betraying . Produce . To bring forth , to draw at length . Profane . To put holy things to a common vse . Profanation . A putting of holy things to common vses . Proficient . One that hath well profited . Profligate . To ouerthrow , to driue away . Profundity . The depth of a thing . Profuse . Wastefull , lauish in spending . Progenie . A generation , an of-spring , a stocke , or kindred . Progenitor . An Ancester , a forefather . Prognosticate . To knowe or coniecture before hand . Progresse . A going forward . Progression . A going forward . Proheme . A beginning of a matter : a preface before a booke . Prohibit . To forbid . Prohibition . A forbidding . Proiect. A plot , or the contriuing of any thing . Prolix . Long , or large tedious . Prolixity . Length , or largenesse , tediousnesse . Prolocutor . The first speaker . Prologue . A preface , a forespeech . Promoscuous . Confused , mingled one with another . Promontory . A hill lying out , like an elbow into the Sea. Promote . To aduance , to lift vp . Promote . Hee which accuseth another , for the breach of some lawe , and hath thereby part of the penalty for his paine . Prompe . Ready , or quick : sometime to tell one priuily , to teach what hee should say . Promptitude . Readinesse . Promulgate . To publish , to speake abroad . Promulgation . A publishing of a Lawe or Decree . Prone . Stooping , downeward : also bending or inclined to a thing . Propagate . To spreade abroade , inlarge , or multiply . Propagation . An increasing , or breeding . Propense . Ready , apt , or giuen to a thing . Propheticall . Of or belonging to a Prophet . Pro●inquity . Neerenesse , sometime kindred . Propitiation . An obtaining of pardon , or a sacrifice to appease Gods displeasure . Propitiatory . A table set on the Arke of the Olde Testament ; on either side whereof was a Cherubin of golde , with the wings spread ouer the Propitiatorie , and their faces looking one toward another . Propitious . Gentle , fauourable , mercifull . Propose . To set forth , to offer , to appoint . Proposition . A short sentence contayning the summe of what wee will speake . Proprietary . Hee that hath the fruites of a Benefice , to him and his heires or successors . Propulse . To beate off , to put away by force . Prorogue . To prolong , to delay , to continue . Prorogation . A prolonging . Proscription . Banishment , or open sale made of goods beeing forfet . Prosecute . To follow : to pursue . Proselyte . A stranger conuerted to our religion . Prosodie . True pronouncing of words . Prospect . A large sight , or a place where one may see farre . Prostitute . To set to open sale : to offer to euery man for money . Prostrate . To fall downe , at ones feet . Protest . To affirme earnestly . Protestation . A declaration of ones mind . Protomartyr . The first Martyr . Prototypon . The first copy or patterne of a thing . Protract . To drawe in length , to prolong . Prouiso . A prouision or condition made in any writing . Proule . To got about in the night : to pilfer or steale small things . Prowe . The forepart of a ship . Prowesse . Strength , manhood , courage . Proximity . Neerenesse . Prudent . Discreete , wise . Prunellas . A fruite like small Figges , good for restoratiue , and to comfort the heart . Psalmist . A maker or singer of Psalmes . Psalmody . A singing of Psalmes . Psaltery . A sweete instrument like a Harpe . Pseudo . Note , that words which begin with Pseudo , signifie counterfet or false , as Pseudomartyr , a false Martyr , or witnesse : Pseudoprophet , a false prophet . Psisane . A Physicall drinke of Barley , and cold herbes sod together . Publicant . Hee that hyreth the reuenewes or common profites of the CITIE at a certaine Rent . This was an odious name among the Iewes , because they were commonly men of il conscience , which exercisced that office . Publicke . Common , open abroad . Pulcritude . Beauty , fairenesse . Pulpe . The fleshie part of any thing . Pulse . A beating veine : also pease , beanes , lupines , and such other graine are so called . Puluerisated . Beaten to powder . Punctuall . Not missing a haltes breadth : which is short , and direct to the purpose . Pupill . A Ward , a yong Scholler , one vnder age . Purgatiue . Which hath vertue to purge . Purgatory . A place of purging . Purlue . A place neere ioining to a Forrest , where it is lawfull for the owner of the ground to hunt , if hee can dispend fortie shillings by the yeere of free land Purporte . A purpose , or meaning . Pusillanimitie . Littlenes of courage , faintheartednesse . Pustule . A wheale , or bladder risen in the body . Putrifaction . A rottennes or corruption . Putrifie . To be rotten or corrupted . Pygmies . Little people in India , not aboue a foot and a halfe long : their women bring forth children at fiue yeares and at eight are accounted olde . They haue continual warre with Cranes , who do often put them to the worst . Pyramides . A steeple or pillar , broad and square beneath , and sharpe aboue . Pyromancy . See Diuination . Python . A spirit which possesseth one ; or a man possessed with a spirit . Q Quadrangle . A figure made with foure corners . Quadraus . Foure square , or the fourth part of a thing . Quadripartite . Diuided , into foure parts . Quadruplication . A foure folde doubling . Quaint . Fine and strange . Quarantine . A terme in the common law , when a woman after the death of her husband remaineth forty dayes in the chiefe Mannor place , within which time her dower shal be assigned . Quarrie . A place or pit where stones are digged . Among hunters it signifieth a reward giuen to Houndes after they haue hunter , or the Venison which is taken by hunting . Quauiuer . A sea Dragon . Quaternion . Foure , or any thing diuided by the number of foure . Queach . A thicke bushie plot . Querimonious . Full of complaining . Querulous . Complayning . Quest . A search or enquiry . Quiddity . A short darke speech , an intricate question . Quiddant . A sweete mixture thicker then a sirupe , and not so thicke nor stiffe as marmalet . Quidproque . A terme amongst all Apothecaries , when in stead of one thing they vse another of the same nature . Quintessence . The fist substance . That which remaineth in any thing after the corruptible Elements are taken from it . Quippe . A quicke check , a pretty taunt . Quotidian . Daily . R RAbbine . A Master , a Lord , a great Doctour , a teacher . Racha . An Hebrew word of reproch , neuer spoken but in extreame anger . Radiane . Bright shining , glistering with beames . Radiation . A glistering , a casting of beames . Radicall . Of or belonging to the roote , naturall . Radicall moisture . The naturall moisture spread like a dew in all parts of the body ; wherewith such parts are nourished ; which moisture being once wasted can neuer be restored . Raindeere . A beast like a Hart , but hauing his head fuller of Antliers . Rampant . A terme in Herauldry , when a beast is painted ramping vpright with the forefeete . Rancor , Hatred , malice . Rape . A violent rauishing of a woman against her will. There is also a roote like a Turnep so called . Sometime it signifieth a diuision made in some shires ; as the County of Suffex is diuided into sixe Rapes , to wit , the Rape of Chichester , of A●undel , of Bramber , of Lewis , of Peuensic , and of Hastings . Rapacitie . A rauening , a violent catching . Rapiditie . A snatching , a catching . Rapine . Robberie , catching , extortion . Rapsodie . A ioying of diuerse verses together . Rasaction . A making of that thin , which is thicke or close ioyned together . Rarifie . To make thin , to pull a thing abroad . Raritie . Fewnesse , thinnesse . Rasure . A shauing away . Ratifie . To confirme , to allow . Rationall . Reasonable . It signifieth also an ornament , which the high Priest of the Iewes ware on his breast , when he executed his function , being foure square , of the length of a span , made curiously of gold and twisted silke of diuers colours , wherein were set twelue precious stones in foure rankes of gold , and in euery stone grauen one of the names of the twelue sonnes of Iacob . Reall . Which is in every deede . Reassume . To take againe . Recant . To deny an opinion formerly by himselfe maintained . Recapitulate . To rehearse briefely that which was spoken before . Recapitulation . A briefe rehearsall of that which hath beene formerly spoken at large . Receptacle . A place of recent , or any vessel to receiue a thing in . Recesse . A bye-place , a going backe or aside . Recidiuation . A backesliding , or falling backe againe . Reciprocall . That which returneth backe , or hath respect to some thing going before . Reclaime . To winne , to make gentle . Recluse . Shut vp . Recognisance . An acknowledgement . A band wherein a man before a lawfull Iudge , acknowledgeth himself to owe a certaine summe of money to the King , if he faile in performance of a condition thereto ioyned . Recoile . To flie backe . Recollect . To gather againe , to call his wits together . Rectifie . To direct , to make streight . Recreant . Hee that denieth his owne challenge , he that goeth from what hee hath said , or eateth his word . Rector . A Rule , a Gouernour . Recurre . To run backe . Recursion . A running backe . Recusant . He that refuseth to doe any thing . Redolent . Sweete in smell . Redoubted . Greatly reuerenced , most noble . Redound . To abound , or ouerflow . Redobbour . He that wittingly buiethstollen cloth , and turneth it into some other fashion . Reduce . To bring backe , to restore . Reduction . A bringing backe . Reedifie . To build again , to repaire . Reenter . To enter againe . Reentrie . An entrance againe . Reeue . An old name of an officer in Lordshippes , much like to those that we call Bayliffes now . Refection . A refreshing . Refectorie . A place to refresh ones self , or to take ones diet in . Refell . To disprooue , to prooue false . Reflect . To turne or cast backe againe . Reflection . A rebounding backe : or turning backe againe . Reforme . To amend , to correct . Refractorie . Stubborne , which will not bend . Rufuge . A place of succour . Refute . To disprooue , to confound by scene and reason . Refutation . A disproouing , a confuting . Regall . Kingly ; belonging to a King. Regalitie . The estate or authoritie of a King. Regardant . A terme in Heraldrie , when a beast is painted , looking backewards at one . Regenerate . To beare againe in birth , to renew . Regeneration . A new birth . Regent . A Prince , Ruler or Gouernour . Regiment . A gouerment , or the place where one hath authoritie . Register . Writings of record kept for memory . Also hee that keepeth such writings in a spirituall Court. Regratour . He that in a faire or market , buyeth any dead victuall whatsoeuer , and selleth the same againe in any faire or market kept there , or within foure miles thereof . Regresse . A going backe againe . Regression . The same . Regular . Vnder rule , or liuing according to a set rule . Reiect . To cast off , to despise . Reioynder . A second answer made by the defendant , after his first answer hath beene replyed vnto . Reiterate . To do againe , to do a thing often . Relapse . A backe slyding . Relate . To tell , to declare . Relation . A rehearsall or telling of a matter . Relaxation . A releasing , a refreshing or setting at libertie . Relay . A terme of hunting , when they set hounds in readinesse , where they thinke a Deere will passe , and cast them off after the other hounds are past by . Releefe . A payment which some Heires make ( after the death of their Auncestour ) to the Lord of whom their lands are holden . Relent . To waxe soft , to yeeld . Relinquish . To leaue off , to forsake . Reliques . Things left or remaining . Most commonly it is taken for the bodies , or some part of the bodies , or somwhat which hath toucht the bodies of Saints now in heauen . Remainder . A possibility in any , to enioy lands , tenements , or rents , after anothers estate is ended . Remisse . Slacke , negligent or carelesse . Remit . To send backe ; somtime to release or forgiue . Remora . A little Fish which cleaning to the bottome of a shippe , doth very strangely stay the shippe that shee cannot mooue . Remorse . Doubtfulnesse in conscience , to doe a thing : a staggering in minde : sometime pittifulnes or repentance of a ball deed done . Remote . Farre distant . Remunerate . To reward . Remuneration A reward , a requitall . Renouate . To renew . Renouation . A renewing . Repast . Food . Repeale . To call backe aganie , to disallow . Repell . To thrust backe . Repercussiue . That which striketh backe againe , or reboundeth backe . Repetition . A new rehearsing . Repleuine . A Warrant sent from the Sheriffe or his Bayliffe , that a man shall haue his cattell or a distresse taken from him , restored to him again ; vpon surety found to answer the party grieued , in the Law. Replication . The answer made to the defendant after the defendant hath answered . Repose . To lay vpon sometime to take rest . Repository . A storehouse , a place to lay vp things in . Repossede . To possesse againe . Reprehend . To reprooue . Reprehension . A reproouings . Represse . To stay backe , to keepe downe by force . Reprises . All payments and charges that issue yearely out of a mannor . Reprobate . One past grace : a wicked person , a cast away . Republike . A Common-wealth . Repudiate . To refuse : properly to put away ones Wife . Repugne . To resist . Repugnancy . Disagreement , contrariety . Repugnant . Contrary or resisting . Repute . To esteeme , to account . Reputation . Estimation or account . Requiem . Rest . ceasing from labour . Rereward . The hindmost part of a battell . Rescouse . A forcible deliuery or setting at liberty of one that hath beene arrested . Rescrue . To keepe by it selfe , to keepe for some purpose . Rescruation . A keeping of some thing apart . Reside . To alight , sinke downe , or to abide in a place . Resident . Abiding in a place . Resigne . To giue or yeild vp . Resignation . A yeelding vp of a thing to another . Resolue . To open , to weaken , to make loose : sometime to expound and declare . Resolute . Determinately bent to doe any thing . Respectiue . Awfull , which beareth great respect to one . Respiration . A fetching of breath . Resplendent . Bright , cleere shining . Respondent . Hee that answereth . Response . An answer . Restauration . A repayring , a making againe . Restie . Dull , heauy . Restitution . A restoring backe . Restriction . A restraining , or holding backe . Result . To rebound , to leape backe . Resume . To take againe . Resurrection . A rising againe . Resuscitation . A stirring vp againe . Retaile . To sell in small parcels : that which was formerly bought . Retention . A keeping . Retentiue . Hauing power to binde , retaine , or keepe . Retire . To returne backward . Retore . To throwe , or shoote backe againe . Retract . To call backe againe , to reuoke . Retractation . A calling backe , a recanting , a denying of a thing before affirmed . Retrate . A calling backe of Souldiours from sight : a returning or going backe . Retribution . A reward , a recompence . Retriue . A seeeking againe . Retrogade . That which goeth backward . A planet is sayde to bee retrograde , when he goeth backeward contrary to the course of the signes , as from Taurus to Aries , &c. Retrogradation . A going backward . Reuels . Players and dancings , with other pleasant deuices , vsed sometimes in the Kings Court , and elsewhere in great houses . Reuenew . Yearely rent receiued for lands or tenements . Reuerberation . A beating backe againe . Reuersed . A tearme in Heraldry when a mans armes is giuen him , turned the lower part vpward . Reuert . To returne . Reuise . To peruse , to look ouer againe . Reunite . To ioyne together againe . Reuocable . Which may be called backe againe . Reuocation . A calling back againe . Reuoke . To call backe . Reuolt . To forsake ones captaine or company , and goe to another . Reuolue . To tosse vp and downe in ones minde : to muse or thinke much of a matter . Reuolution . A turning or winding about : especially in the course of time . Rhetoricke . The arte of eloquent speaking . Rheubarbe . See Rubarb . Ridiculous . Worthy to be laughed at : foolish ; without wit. Rigid . Stiffe , hard stubborne . Rigor . Hardnesse , stiffenesse , extreme dealing . Rigorous . Hard , cruell , vnmercifull . Rime . A mist or foggie dew . Ringwalke . A round walk made by Hunters . Rinocere . A great beast , hauing a horne in his nose bending vpward , which he whetteth often against rockes , to fight therewith against the Elephant . Riot . In the law it signifieth when three or moe persons , beeing assembled to commit forcibly an vnlawfull act , do accordingly execute the same . Rite . A ceremony , a custome . Riuall . One that sueth for the same thing with another . Robustious . Strong . Roode . In land it signifieth a quarter of an acre . It is sometime taken for the picture of our Sauiour vpon the crosse . Rotundity Roundnesse . Rougecrosse . The name of an office of one of the Purseuants at armes . Rougedragon . The name of an office of one of the Purseuants at armes . Route . A disorderly assembly of three or moe persons moouing forward to commit by force an vnlawful act . It signifieth also a heard or great company of wolues together . Rubarbe . A costly root much vsed in physicke to purge choler , & is brought hither out of Barbaria . Being toasted and dryed it is then good against the bloody flixe , and all manner of laskes ; if it bee so drunke with some binding liquor , as the iuice of plantaine , redde Wine , and such like , Rubrike . An order or rule written . Rubriacted . Marked with red ; or written in red letters . Rudiments . The first grounds or principles of an art or any knowledge . Ruine . Vtter ouerthrow , vtter destruction . Ruminate . To chew ouer againe as beastes doe , that chew the cud : wherfore it is often taken for to study and thinke much of a matter . Running of the reines . A disease when by reason of weaknesse , seede passeth often from one against his will. Ruption . A breaking . Rupture . A breaking . Rurall . Of or belonging to the countrey . Rusticall . Countrey-like , homely , rude . Rusticitie . Rudenesse : clownish behauiour . S SAbaoth . Hostes or armies of men . Sable . In armorie it signifieth blacke . It is also a rich Furre of a beast so called , which beast is made like a polecat , of colour betweene blacke , and browne , and breedeth in Russia , but most in Tartaria Sabboth . A day of rest . Saciety . Fulnesse . Sacrament . A mysticall ceremony instituted by our Sauiour . Sacred . Holy. Sacriledge . The robbing of a Church : the stealing of holy things , or abusing of Sacraments or holy mysteries . Sacrilegious . Very wicked and abhominable . Saduce . An hereticall sect among the Iewes , which denyed the resurrection : they called themselues Saduces of the Hebrew word Tsedek . : Which signifieth Iustice , because they tooke themselues to liue more vprightly , and iuster then other men . Safeconduite . A securitie and protection giuen by a Prince or any other person in authoritie , for a mans safe comming or going to or from a place . Sagacitie . Quickenesse of vnderstanding ; wittinesse . Sage . Graue , wise , discreete . Sagapenum . The sappe or Gum of a plant growing in Media , of a yellowish colour without , and white within . It is hot and dry , of a strong smell like garlicke , and is vsed in Physicke against diuers cold diseases . Saint Antonies sire . A disease rising of hotte cholericke blood , which beginning first with a blister , groweth after to a sore , or scab like tetter . Salamander . A little beast like a lizard , with foure feere and a short taile , hauing diuers spottes in the body thereof . It is of a byting venemous nature , and ( as some affirme ) will abide in the fire without harme , and at last put it cleare out . Salarie . Wages , or hyre . Salgemma . A cleere kind of salt like Chrystall , vsed sometime in Physicke , and is found plentifully in Hungaria . Saliant . A terme in Herauldry , when a beast seemeth rampand , but lifteth not the fore pawes so high , as the rampande doth . Salubritie . Healthfulnesse . Sanctifie . To make holie . Sanctification . A making holy . Sanctimonie . Holinesse . Sanctitie . Holinesse . Sanctuarie . A place whither offenders , or indebted persons may flie for succour , from being punished or arested . Sanctum Sanctorum . The holiest place of the Iewes temple , where the Arke was kept , and whither none entred but the high Priest euery yeare . Sandall . An ancient kind of shooe . Sanders . A precious wood brought out of India , whereof there are three kinds , to wit , red , yellow , and white Sanders . They are all of a cooling nature , especially the red , which is often vsed in Physicke against hot diseases . Sanglier . A wilde Bore , fiue yeeres old . Sanguine . In Heraldrie it signifieth a murrey colour : but commonly it signifieth a complexion most inclining towarde blood . Sanguinolent . Bloody . Sanry . Health . Saphire . A precious stone brought out of East India● of a cleare skie colour , and the best sort of them hath as it were cloudes therein , inclining to a certain rednesse . This stone is said to be of a cold nature . Sapience . Wisdome , knowledge . Sarcaparillia . A plant of India , the roote whereof is often vsed in dyet drinkes , against the French , and other diseases . Sarc●colla . A Gumme brought out of Persia , which is red , and bitter in taste . It is of a healing nature , and therefore often vsed to close vp woundes , and fill corrupted vlcers with new flesh . For which cause it is named in Greek Sarcocolla , which signifieth a glewer or healer vp of the flesh . Sassafras . A tree of great vertue , which groweth in the Florida of the West Indies : the rinde hereof hath a sweete smell like Cinnamon . It comforteth the lyuer , and stomack , and openeth obstructions of the inward parts , being hotte and dry in the second degree . The best of the Tree is the roote , next the boughes , then the body , but the principall goodnesse of all resteth in the ryndes . Satan . An enemie . Satiate . To fill . Satiety . Fulnesse . Saturitie . Fulnesse . Satyr . A strange monster in India , hauing the body of a man all hairie , with legs and feete like a Goat : which monsters the ancient Poets were wont to call gods of the woods . It signifieth also a sharpe byting kind of verse , wherin mens vices were laid open . Satyricall . Sharpe or biting , as Satyrs were commonly written . Sauine . A little low tree , bearing leaues almost like Tamariske , and of a hotte scowring nature . Saults . Iumpes , leapes . Saunce . Without . Sawe . An olde saying . Saxifrage . An herbe bearing seed like Parsley seed , but more hot and byting , which seede or the roote being boiled in wine and drunken , breaketh the stone of the kidneyes and bladder . Scalpe . The haire skinne of the head . Scammonie . The iuyce of the roote of an herbe , brought hither drie out of Asia , and Mysia . It is a violent purger of choler , and dangerous to take inward , vnlesse it bee well prepared . See Diagridium . Scandall . An offence , or that which causeth one to fall , stumble , or take offence . Scandalize . To offend by euill example , or giue one occasion to bee offended . Scarifie . To scrape , cut , launce , or open a sore . Scarification . A scraping , or cutting . Scedule . A little rowle , or written bill . Scene . A play , a Comedy , a Tragedy , or the diuision of a play into certaine parts . In old time it signified a place couered with boughes , or the roome where the players made them ready . Scheme . A figure in speaking . Schisme . Diuision or strife in matters of religion . Schismaticall . Diuided in fellowship from the other part : erroneous . Schismaticke . One diuided from the vnitie of the Church . Scholasticall . Learned , belonging to Schollers . Scia●ica . A gout in the hippe , caused by grosse and flegmaticke humours , gathered in the hollownesse of the ioynt thereof . Science . Knowledge . Scolopendra . A fish that feeling himselfe taken with a hooke , casteth out his bowels , vntill he hath vnloosed the hooke , and then swalloweth them vp againe . Scope . The end or marke that one aymeth at . Scorpion . A venemous worme with seuen feete , bearing his sting in his taile ; with which hee striketh mischieuously . They are of diuers colours , and the femall is the greater , hauing withall a sharper sting then the male . They may be killed with fasting spittle of a sound man. There are also great Scorpions with wings , which are carryed in some hotte countreyes with the wind from one place to another . Scoute . One sent out to espye and bring tydings of the enemyes purpose , or of any danger likely to happen . Scribe . A writer , a clerke , a publike notary . Scruple , Doubt , difficulty : In Physicke it signifieth a small weight of twenty wheat cornes ; the third part or a dramme . Scrupulositie . Doubtfulnesse , difficulty . Scrupulous . Doubtfull , fearefull : one that casteth many doubts . Scrutinie . Search : enquiry . Scull . A great company of fish swimming together . Sculpture . A caruing , a grauing . Scurril . Scoffing , beastly , dishonest , filthy . Scurrility . Saucy scoffing , ribauldry . Scurrillous . The same that Scurrill is . Scut . The tale of a hare or cony . Scacalfe . Great fishes that bellow like oxen , and haue their bodyes couered with hayre . They breede like beastes on the land , and sleepe there often in the night . Sealamprie . A fish called by some Remora , which stayeth a shippe vnder a saile . Sebestens . Little plums brought out of Italy , of a blewish colour and sweete in taste . They are cold and moist in operation , and are often , vsed by Physitians in hotte agues and inward inflammations of the body . Seclude . To shut apart , to shut out . Seclusion . A shutting apart . Sect. A particular opinion of some few . Sectary . One that followeth priuate opinions in religion . Section . A diuision or cutting off . Secular . Worldly , or belonging to the world . Secundine . The after birth the skinne , wherin a child it wrapped in his mothers wombe . Secure . Carelesse , void of feare . Security . Assurance from feare or danger . Sediment . The dregges of any liquor which sinketh to the bottome . Seduce . To deceiue , to misleade . Sedulity . Diligence , carefulnesse . Segregate . To diuide , to seuer . Seiant . A terme in Herauldry , when a beast is painted sitting vpright . Select . To choose , to pick out . Semblable . Like . Semblance . A shew , a colour . Semblant . Like . Semicircle . Halfe a circle . Seminary . A seede plot . Semitary . A crooked sword : a faucheon . Sempiternall . Euerlasting . Sena . A little plant growing in Italy , and other hot countryes , but the best is brought from Alexandria . It is hot and dry , and the leaues thereof are often boyled in Physicke , to purge the body of melancholicke grosse humours , and to cleanse the blood : but there must beee Anniseede , Cinamon or Ginger added to it , for that therwise it will prouoke windinesse , and gripings in the belly . Senate . The Counsell house , where the Magistrates of a city assemble themselues . Senator . An Alderman , or graue Magistrate of a city . Senior . The Elder . Sensible . That may bee felt or perceiued : sometime witty or of good conceite . Sensuall . That pleaseth the senses , wanton , giuen to please the flesh . Sensuality . Bodily pleasure : wanton delight . Sentinell . A man standing in some conuenient place to discry what company cometh neere an army or towne of warre . Sententious . Full of sentences or wise speeches . Septentrionall . Of , or belonging to the North. Septuagints . Seuenty learned men which translated the Old Testament out of Hebrew into Greeke . Sepulture . Buriall . Sequell , That which followeth the matter following . Sequester . To diuide , to withdrawe . To put by it selfe . Sequestration . A putting apart : a placing in seuerall by it selfe . Seraine . A foggy mist or dampish vapour falling in Italy about sunne-set , at which time it is vnwholesome to be abroad especially bareheaded . Seraphicall . Inflamed with diuine loue like Seraphin . Seraphin . The highest order of Angels : See Hierarchie . Serenity . Faire and cleere weather . Sergreant . A tearme applyed in Heraldly only to the Griffine which is so called . Serious . Earnest , weighty , of great importance . Serpintene . Of the nature of a Serpent . Seruile . Base , slauish , belonging to a bondman or seruant . Seruility . Bondage ; base estate . Seruitude . Bondage . Sessions . A sitting of Iudges . Sethim . A kinde of tree like a white Thorne , the timber whereof neuer rotteth Of this tree was made the holy Arke of the Old Testament . Seuere . Iust , graue , hard . Seuerity . Grauity , great constancy in ministring iustice . Sewell . A Paper , clour , or any thing hanged vp to keep a Deere from entring into a place . Sewer . He that goeth before the meate of a Prince or great personage , to place it on the table : also one that hath authority to ouerlooke water courses , Shamoise . A wilde Goat keeping the mountaines . Shankes . Theinue of the shanke of a kinde of Kidde . Shingles . A disease about the breast , belly , or backe , wherein the place affected looketh red , increasing circlewise more and more . It is chiefly cured with Cats blood ; or if it goe round the body , it killeth . Shrew . A kinde of field Mouse , which if hee goe ouer a beastes backe , will make him lame in the chine ; and if hee bite , the beast swelleth to the heart , and dyeth . Shrine . A Toombe or place where the body of some Saint is buried or remaineth . Siatica . See Sciatica before . Sibbe . One of kinne . Sybill . A woman inspired with a spirit of prophesie ; so called of the greeke words Sios , which signifieth God , and Boyle , which signifieth counsell , because such women had knowledge ( as was saide ) of the counsell of God. There were tenne Sybils , famous aboue the rest . The first was Sybilla of Persia , the second of Lybia , the third of the City Delphos in Greece , the fourth of Cunia , a city in Aeolis , the first of Erythrae , a city of Asia , the sixt of the I le , Samos , the seauenth of Cumae , a city of Campania in Italy . This Sibylla of Cumae , ( as it is written ) came on a time to Tarquine king of Rome , in the habit of a strange olde woman , offering to sell him nine hookes , full ( as she said ) of diuine oracles , for which shee demanded three hundred crownes of golde : the King not much regarding , and besides thinking them too deere at that price , she burned three of them before his face , and then asked if hee would haue the other sixe , for which she demaunded no lesse , than she had done at first for the nine . Hereat the King deriding her and thinking her halfe made , she burned three more of them , and tolde him that he should giue her the same price for those three that were left . The King much wondering at the womans constant earnestnesse , and therefore thinking the books contained no common matter , commanded three hundred crownes to bee giuen her for them , which she receiuing , presently vanished out of sight . These bookes were after kept by the Romans very carefully , who in great matter of doubt , alwaies had recourse to them , as to an assured Oracle . The eighth Sibyll , was called Sibylla of Helespontus in Greece ; the ninth was of Phrygia ; the tenth and last of Tybur , a citie neere Rome in Italy . All these Sibylls prophecied of the incarnation of our Sauiour Christ . Sicle . In coyne it signifieth foure sterling groates of eight to an ounce : in weight it is halfe an ounce . Sidelayes . Dogs layd in the way to bee let slip at a Deere as he passeth by . Signet . A seale . Significatiue . Which expresseth a matter plainly . Signiorie . A Lordship . Silence . Holding ones peace . Similitude . A likenesse . Simonie . The selling of spirituall things for mony . This name first was deriued from one ▪ Simon a sorcerer of Samaria , who offered mony to the Apostles that he might haue power to giue the holy Ghost vnto any that hee should lay his hands on ; for which cause hee was sharpely reprooued by Saint Peter . Simulachre . A picture or image . Simulation . Dissembling . Sincere . Vpright , plaine , without dissimulation . Sinden . Fine linnen cloth . Single . The taile of a Stagge or other Deere . Singularitie . Priuate opinion , a desire to bee odde from other men . Sinister . Vnhappy , naughty , lewde , harmefull . Sinoper . A kinde of red stone which some call rudle . Syren . A Mer-maide : Poets feine there were three Mer-mayds or Syrens , in the vpper part like maidens , and in the lower part fishes : which dwelling in the sea of Sicilie , would allure Saylers to them , and afterward destroy them ; beeing first brought asleepe with harkening to their sweete singing . Their names were Parthenope , Lygia , and Leucasia ; wherefore sometime alluring women are said to be Syrens . Site . The setting or standing of a place . Situation . The same that Site is . Slot . The view or print of a Stags foote in the ground . Slowth . A heard or company of wild Boares together . Sluse . A frame or deuice to keepe water in any ground , or let it out . Smaradge . A precious stone called an Emerald : See Emerald . Socage . An ancient tenure of land , by doing some inferiour seruice of husbandry to the Lord of the fee. Sociable . Kinde , louing , one that will keepe company , or is curteous in company . Societie . Fellowship . Sole . Alone , onely . Solecisme . A false manner of speaking , contrary to rules of Grammar . Solegroue . An old name of the moneth of February . Solicite . To vrge , to mooue , to prouoke . Solicitude . Carefulnesse . Solid . Whole , firme , not hollow . Soliditie . Wholenesse , massiuenesse , soundnesse . Solitarie . Alone , without company . Solitude . A desert place , a wildernesse . Solstice . The stay of the Sunne when he cannot go higher and lower , which is ( with vs ) in sommer about mid Iune , and in Winter about the middle of December . Soluble . Loose , not bound Solue . To vntie , to open , to expound . Solution . A paiment or an expounding . Sophister . A subtill cauiller in words , a craftie disputer , which will make a false matter seeme true . Sophisme . A false argument . Sophisticall . Deceitfull : captious . Sophisticate . To counterfeit , to deceiue . Sophistrie . A false kinde of argument seeming true when it is not . Sore . To flye vp aloft : also it signifieth a Fallow Deere fou●e yeeres olde . Sorell . A Fallow Deere three yeeres old . Source . A waue of the sea . Sownder . A company of wilde Bores together . Spaide . A Red Deere three yeeres old . Spatious . Large and wide . Species . The differing kinde of euery thing . Spectator . A beholder . Speculation . The inward knowledge , or beholding of a thing . Speculatiue . That which belongeth to Speculation . Sperme . Seed . Spermaceti . The seed of the Whale fish : It is vsed in Physicke against squats and bruisings of the bodie . Spermaticall . Of or belonging to seed : or the veines which conteine the seede . Sphere . A round circle ; It is commonly taken for the circled round compasse of the heauens . Spericall . Round like a sphere . Spikenard . A kinde of sweet herbe like Lauender . Splene . The Milte of man or beast : which is like a long narrowtongue , lying vnder the short ribbes on the left side , and hath this office of nature , to purge the liuer of superfluous melancholicke blood : sometime it signifieth anger or choler . Splendour . Brightnesse . Splendent . Bright shining . Spongeous . Hollow , like a Sponge . Spousals . A marriage . Spraints . Dung of an Otter . * Sprent . To sprinkle . Spume . Fome or froth . Squadron . A square forme in a battell . Squinanth . A kinde of round rush , which is sweet , and hath flowers very medicinable . Squincy . A swelling disease in the throat . Stabilitie . Stedfastnesse : constancie . Stacte . A sweete oyle or liquor , which is drawen out of new myrrhe , by bruising and strayning it according to art . Staggerd . A red male Deere , foure yeares old . Stanchhound An old hound well experienced . Stannaries . Mines of Tinne . Staple . Any towne or citie appointed for merchants of England to carry their Wooll , Cloth , Lead , Tinne , or such like commodities vnto , for the better sale of them to other merchants by the great . State. It is sometime taken for vrine of mans bodie . Station . A standing or resting place . Statue . A carued , or cast image , made inproportion like a man. Stauesaker . An herbe bearing a three cornered seed of a hotte burning nature , which beeing beaten to powder , and mingled with oyle , destroyeth lice , and cureth all itchy mangines . Stechados . A beautifull herbe , bearing faire knops or eares , which being boiled and drunken , doe open the stoppings of all inward parts , and are very good against the paine of the head , and diseases of the brest . Sterill . Barren . Sterilitie . Barrennesse : vnfruitfulnesse . Stigmaticall . See Stigmaticke . Stigmaticke . A notorious leude fellow , which hath beene burnt with a hot yron , or beareth other markes about him , as a token of his punishment . Stile . A manner or forme of writing , or speaking . Stillyard A place in London where the Easterling merchants of Hawnse and Almane , were wont to abide . Stipend . Wages , or hire giuen one . Stipendary . Hee that receiueth yearely wages , or is hyred to doe a thing for a certaine price . Stipulation . A solemne couenant or bargaine . Stoicall . Of or belonging to the Stoikes . Stoike . A seuere secte of Philosophers at Athens which followed the doctrine of Zeno , who taught that a wise man ought to be free from all passions , and neuer to bee mooued either with ioy or griefe . They were called Stoikes , of the Greeke word Stoa . ( which signifieth a porch ) because Zeno taught his followers in a common porch of the city . Storax . A kinde of sweete Gumme , good against horsenesse and the cough . Storke . A birde famous for naturall loue toward his parents , whom he feedeth being olde and impotent , as they fedde him , being young . The Egyptians so esteemed this bird , that there was a great penalty laid vpon any that should kill him . Strangurion . A disease when one cannot make water , but by drops , and that with great paine . Stratageme . A policy or subtill deuice in warre , whereby the enemy is often vanquished . Strict . Hard , streight , seuere . Structure , A building . Student . One that studieth . Studious . Giuen to study . Stupid . Blockish , without wit : dull . Stupidity . Blockishnesse , dulnesse : astonishment . Stupifaction . A making dull or senslesse . Stygian . Belonging to the riuer Styx . Styx . A feined Riuer in hell , by which the heathen gods did vse to sweare . And if they swore falsely , they were depriued of their godhead , for one hundred yeares after . Suauity . Sweetnes . Subalterne . Placed vnder another : or that which succeedeth another by course . Subalternation . A succeeding by course . Subiect . That which doth support qualities belonging vnto it : as the body is the subiect in which is health , or sickenesse , and the minde the subiect that receiueth into it vertues or vices . Sublime . High , lofty , honourable . Sublimatum . A strong corosiue powder called white Mercury , vsed by Chirurgians to eate and consume corrupted flesh . Sublimity . Highnesse , loftinesse . Submisse . Lowly , humble . Subordinate . Placed in office vnder another . Subordination . An appointing or placing of one thing vnder another . Suborne . To bring one in for a false witnesse : to instruct one priuily how to deceiue another . Subpoena . A Writ wherby one is summoned to appeare in the Chancery at a certaine time , vpon a great penalty , if he faile in appearance . Subscribe . To write vnder . Subscription . A writing vnder . Subsist . To abide or continue in his owne beeing . Subsistence . The abiding or continuance of a thing in it owne estate . Substitute . To appoint an inferiour officer : also hee that is in authority vnder another , or which ruleth in stead of another . Subterfuge . A refuge , a sauegard ; a place to hide or saue one in . Subuersion . An ouerthrow . Subuert . To ouerthrow , to destroy . Succinct . Briefe , short . Suffocate . To strangle : to choke . Suffocation . A choaking , a strangling . Suffrage . Fauourable , voices in our behalfe , as at the choosing of of officers or Magistrates Suggest . To put closely into ones mind . Suggestion A prompting or putting of a thing into ones mind . Sulphur . Brimstone . Summary . A briefe gathering together : an abridgment containing the whole effect of a matter in few words . Summarily . Briefly : touching onely the chiefe points . Summity . The height or top of a thing . Seperabound . To abound very much ; to bee in great plenty . Supereminence . Authority , or dignity aboue others . Supererogation . Laying out of more then one hath receiued ; or the doing of more then a man is of necessity bound to doe . Superficiall . Going no farther then the outside ; slight , bearing shew onely in the outside , without any goodnesse within . Superficies . The outside of euery thing , which is alwayes in sight . Superfluity . More then needes to be , ouermuch . Superfluous . That which is too much : also vaine or vnprofitable . Superlatiue . The highest . Superiour . Higher , aboue another . Supernall . That which commeth from aboue . Superscription . A writing set vpon any thing , as on the outside of a letter . Supersedeas . In our common Lawe it signifieth a commaundement sent by writing , forbidding an officer from the doing of that , which otherwise he might and ought to doe . Superstition . An excesse of ceremonious worship , false worship , or honour giuen to God. Supplant . To trip one , or to ouerthrow one craftily . Supplement . That which supplyeth or maketh vp what is wanting . Supply . To fill vp or adde too . Suppliant . He that maketh a supplication , or humbly intreateth another . Supplicate . To beseech humbly . Suppository . Any thing put vp into the Fundament , to make the body soluble . It is commonly made of hony boyled till it grow thick , and so made into an apt forme for that purpose ; whereto sometime is added the yolke of an egge , or salt , when wee will haue it to worke the effect more speedily . Suppresse . To keepe downe ; to beate vnder : sometime to conceale or keepe close . Suppuration . An account or reckoning . Supreme . Chiefe , highest , most excellent . Surcease . To giue ouer , leaue off or cease . * Surcote . A gowne with a hood of the same . Surplusage . Ouerplus , more then needes . Surprise . To come vnwares : to take vpon a sodaine . Surprisall . A taking vnawares . * Surquidry . Presumption . Surrender . To yeeld vp lands or tenements to another . Surreption . A priuy taking away . Surround . To compasse round about . Suruey . To ouerlooke , or ouersee . Surueyer . Hee that hath the ouersight , of the kings or some great personages lands or works . Suruiue . To ouerliue , or liue after another . Suruiuer . He that liueth after another . Suspend . To stay one by authority for a time , from executing his office : to delay , to deferre . Suspence . Doubtfulnesse , vncertainty . Suspiration . A breathing or sighing . Swallowes tayle . In building it signifieth , a fastening of two peeces of timber so strongly together , that they cannot fall asunder . Swaine . A seruant . Swainemote . A Court kept thrice a yeare , touching matters belonging to a forrest . * Sweuen . A dreame . * Swynker . A labourer . Sycomore . A tree like a fig tree , hauing great branches , and large leaues like a Mulberrie . It beares fruit three or foure times in a yeare , much like a wilde Fig , but without any seeds within . The fruit groweth vpon the very bodie of the tree , and the great maine boughes , and will neuer be ripe except it bee scraped with an iron toole . It is found plentifully in Caria , Egypt , and the I le of Rhodes ; especially in such places , where Wheate will not grow . Sycophant . A Talebearer , a slanderer , a false accuser . Syllogisme . An Argument consisting of three parts , whereby something is necessarily prooued , as thus : Euery vertue is honourable : Patience is a vertue . Therefore Patience is honourable . The first part of a syllogisme is called the Proposition or Maior ; the second the Assumption or Minor ; and the third , the Conclusion . Syluane . Of , or belonging to the woods . Symbole . A short gathering of principall points together . Symmetrie . Due proportion of one part with another . Symmetrian . Hee that considereth the due proportion of a thing ; & how well the parts agree with the whole . Sympathie . A likenesse in quantitie ; or a like disposition or affection of one thing to another . Symphonie . Harmony or consent in Musicke . Symptome . Any passion or griefe following a disease , or sensibly ioyned with it : as headach with an Ague , a pricking in the side with Pleurisie , and such like . Synagogue . A Congregation or assembly : commonly it signifies a church of the Iewes . Synterisie . The inward conscience , or a naturall qualitie ingrafted in the soule , which inwardly informeth a man , whether he doe well or ill . Syynod . A generall councell , a generall or vniuersall assembly . Synoper . See Cinoper . Synopsie . A sight or full view of a thing . T * TAas. An heape . Tabernacle . A shelter or a roome made abroad , with boords and boughes of trees . There was of old among the Israelites , a feast commanded by God , called the feast of Tabernacles ; which beganne on the fiftenth day of the seuenth moneth , and continued seauen daies , during which time the Israelites liued abroad in Tabernacles , in re●embrance , that their Fathers a long time so liued , after God had deliuered them out of the land of Egypt . Tacamahaca . A Rosin brought out of the West Indies , of great vertue against any cold humours , rising of the Mother , Toothach , and diuers other griefes . Talent . A certaine value of money Among the Greekes there were two kinds of talents , the greater and the lesse : The greater conteined about two hundred thirtie three pounds sterling : the lesse about a hundred seuentie fiue pounds . Among the Hebrewes the greater talent of the Sanctuary conteined 400. pounds , the lesser Talent halfe so much . Tallage . Custome : fraight . Tamarinds . A fruite brought hither out of India like vnto green Damse● . They are cold in operation , and therefore good against burning Feauers , and all inward diseases , proceeding of heate and choler . Tamariske . A little tree bearing leaues not much vnlike to heath ; the decoction whereof in Wine and a little Vineger beeing drunken , is of great vertue against the hardnes or stopping of the spleene or Milt . This tree doth by nature so wast the Milt , that Swine which haue beene daily fedde out of a vessell made thereof , haue beene found to haue no Milt at all . * Tapinage . Secrecie , slilinesse . Tarantula . A little beast like a Lizard , hauing spots in his necke like starres . Tardie . Slow . Tartar. Leeze of wine . Tautologie . A repeating of one speech or matter often . Taxe . To appoint what one shal pay to the Prince : sometime to reprooue . Tearce . A measure of moyst things beeing the fixt part of a tunne , and the third part of a pipe . * Teene . Sorrow . Temerarius . Rash , hasty . Temeritie . Rashnesse . Templaries . Certaine Christain souldiours dwelling about the Temple at Hierusalem , whose office was to entertain Christian strangers that came thither for deuotion , and to guard them in safety when they went to visite the places of the holy Land : They wore by their Order a white Cloake or vpper Garment , with a red Crosse . Temporall . That which endureth but a time . Temporarie . The same that Temporall is . Temporize . To follow the time : To seeke or please the time . Tenacitie . A holding fast , a niggardnesse . Tenderlings . The soft tops of a Deeres hornes when they are in blood . Tendrels . Little sprigs of Vines or other Plants , wherewith they take hold to grow or stay themselues vp . Te●●● A terme vsed among Heralds , signifying an Oreng or tawny colour . Tenon . The part of a post which is put into a mortise hole , to make it stand vpright , or to beare it vp . Ten●itie . Littlenesse , slendernesse . Tergiuersation . Wrangling , ouerth ●●rt dealing . A seeming to run away and yet ●ight still . Termination . An ending or last part of a word . Terrne . Earthly . Terrestriall . Earthly . Terrifie . To make afraid . Territorie . Land lying within the bounds of a Citie . Terrour . Feare , dread . Tertian The third , or returning euery third day . Testament . A written will. Testator . He that worketh a will. Testifie . To beare witnesse . Testification . A witnessing . Tetragrammaton . Hauing foure Letters . The Hebrewes s called the great name of God Iehouah , because in their language it was written with foure letters . Tetrarch . A Prince that ruleth the fourth part of a kingdome . Theater . A place made halfe round where people sate to behold solemne playes and games . Theatricall . Of , or belonging to the Theater . Theme . A sentence or argument whereupon one speaketh . Theologie . Diuinitie : the knowledge of Diuine things . Theologicall vertues . Faith , Hope and Charity are so called , because they haue their obiect & end in God Theoreticall . That which belongeth to cotemplation or inward knowledge of a thing . Theorick . The inward knowledge or contemplation of a thing . * Thilke . The same . * Thirle . To pearce . Thorpe . A village . Thrasonicall . Vainglorious , full of boasting as Thraso was . Threnes . Lamentations : mournings . * Threpe . To affirme . Thummim . An Hebrew word signifying perfection See Vrim . Tiara . A rich cap or hat of silke vsed by Kings and Priests of Persia : It couered not the whole head before , but was fastened with ribbins behind , so that it could not easily fall off . Tiger . A fierce wild beast in India & Hyrcania . This beast is the swiftest of all other , wherefore they are taken very young in the dams absence , and carried away by men on horsebacke ; who hearing the cry of the old Tiger following swiftly after them , doe of purpose let fall one of the young whelpes , that while she beareth that back , they in the meane time may escape safe with the other to the ship . Timerous . Fearefull . Timidity . Fearefulnesse . Tincture . A dipping , colouring , or stayning of a thing . Titular . Which beareth onely a Title . Toft . A place where a house hath stood . Tolerate . To indure or suffer . Toleration . An induring ; a sufferance . Tome . A part or diuision . Tone . A tune , note , or accent of the voice . Tonnage . A paiment due for merchandise carried in tuns , or such like vessels , after a certaine rate in euery tunne . Tonsure . A clipping or cutting of the haire . Topase . A precious stone wherof there are two kinds one of the colour of gold , and the other of a Saffron colour , not so good as the first . It is written that this stone beeing put into seething water , doth so coole it , that one may presently take it out with his hand . Topikes Places to finde arguments . Topography . A description of a place . Torrent . A little streame , a brooke that runneth swiftly . Torride . Burning , exceeding hot . Torteauxes . Cakes of bread : a terme vsed in Heraldry . Totall . The whole . Trace . To follow by the steps . Traces . The print of feet in a b●astes of rauine , as wilde Boares , Beires , and such like . Tract . A discourse a drawing in length , Tractable . Easie ●o be ruled and handled : gentle , easie to be perswaded . Tradition . A deliuerie : that which is deliuered vs from others . Traduce . To speake euill of one , to defame , to reproach . Tragacanth . A kinde of Gum , the best whereof is cleere , and somwhat sweet in taste : It is often vsed against coughes , and rough hoarsenesse of the throat . Tragedy . A play or History ended with great sorrow and bloodshed . Tragedian . A Player or Writer of Tragedies . Tragicall . Mournefull , lamentable , deadly , which endeth like a Tragedy . Tranquility . Quietnes of mind , calmenesse . Transcendent . That which clymeth ouer and surmounteth another thing : In Logicke it signifieth a word of such nature that it cannot bee included in any of the tenne predicaments . Transcript . A writing or a coppying out . Transferre . To carry or conuey from one place to another . Transfiguration . An altering of the form or figure . Transformation . A changing into another forme . Transition . A passing ouer from one thing to another . Transitory . Soone passing , of short continuance . Translucent . Cleere , bright , which may be seene through . Transmigration . A remoouing to dwell , from one place to another . Transmitte . To send ouer or away . Transmutation . A changing . Transparent . Cleere , that may be seene through . Transport . To send ouer by shippe . Transpose . To change or alter the order of a thing . Transubstantiation . A changing of one substance into another . Trasonings . The crossings or doublings of a Rowe bucke before the hou●●ds . Traue . A treuise to shooe a wild horse in . Trauerse . To march vp and downe or to moue the feete with proportion , as in dancing . In our commō Lawe it signifieth to make contradiction , or to deny the chiefe point of the matter wherewith one is charged . Treble . Threefolde , or to make a thing thrice so great as it is : sometime it signifieth the highest note in musicke . Tremour . A trembling . Trepandiron . An instrument vsed by surgeons to cut out a small bone withall . Tresses . Haire . Triangled . Three coroered . Tribe . A kindered ; or company that dwelleth together in one ward . Tribune . The name of two chiefe officers in Rome . The first was Tribune of the people , who was to defend their liberties , and had therefore the gates of his house standing alwayes open day and night . The other was called Tribune of the souldiours , who had charge to see them well armed , and ordered , beeing as the Knight marshal is with vs. Tribunall . A iudgement seate . Tributary . Which payeth tribute . Trine . The number of three . Trinity . Three ioyned in one , or three together . Tripartite . Diuided into three parts . Trippe . A heard or flocke of goates . Triplicity . Threefolde being . Triuiall . Base , vile , of no estimation , common euery where . Triumuirate . The office of three together . Trociskes . Little flatte cakes solde by Apothecaries , made of diuers simple medicines mingled together . Trope . The changing of a word ; or a figuratiue manner of speaking . Trophie . Any thing set vp in token of victorie . This custome first began among the Greeks , who vsed in that place , where the enemies were vanquished , to cut downe the boughes of great trees , & in the stockes or bodies of them to hang vp armour , or other spoiles taken from the enemies . Tropicall . That which is spoken by a trope or figure . Tropikes . Two imagined circles in the spheare , of equall distance on eyther side from the Equinoctiall line . The one is called the Tropike of Cancer , the other the Tropike of Capricorne . To the first the Sun commeth in Iune , to the other in December . They are called Tropikes of the Greeke word Trepo , which signifieth to tourne , because when the Sun comes to either of them , he turns his course another way . Troy weight . A pound weight of twelue ounces , by which gold , siluer precious stones , iewels and bread are weighed . Trucheman . An interpreter . Truculent . Fierce , cruell and terrible . Trunke . The body of a tree . Tuition . Defence , protection . Tumor . A swelling . Tumult . A sedition or trouble , some gathering together of the people . Tumultuous . Seditious , full of businesse , or trouble . Tunne . A measure of 252. gallons . In weight it signifieth twenty hundred . Turbith . A roote much vsed in Physicke , to purge slimie fleame out of the body . The best is white and hollow , and is commonly taken with a little ginger , for then it will worke the effect with more ease . Turbith minerall . A certaine red powder ( made according to the Paracelsian practise ) which is vsed aga●nst the French disease . Turbulent . Troublesome , vnquiet . Turkise . A precious stone of a silke blew colou● . Turpentine . A faire , cleere , and moist kinde of rosin , which issueth out of the Larx and Turpentine tree . It is good to be put into oyntments and emplaisters , for it gleweth , cleanseth and healeth wounds . It may bee also licked in with hony , and then it cleanseth the brest , and gently looseth the belly , prouoking vrine and driuing out the stone and grauell . Turpitude . Filthines , dishonesty . Turtle doue . A bird lesse then a pigeon , fansous for contine n●ie in windowes estate . If the male or female of this bird die , the other euer remaineth single , as it were in continuall sorrow . In the spring time they are scarce seene , because they then loose their fethers : when they drinke , they lift not vp their heads backeward as other birds vse . They liue commōly eight yeares , and doe breede twice a yeare , not aboue three egges at a time . Tutmouthed . He that hath the chinne and nether iaw slicking out farther then the vpper . Tutour . A defender , hee that hath charge to bring vp a childe . Twibill . An instrument vsed by Carpenters to make mortise holes . Tympanie . A disease wherein the body waxing leane , the belly swelleth vp , hauing great store of wind and windy humours gathered together betweene the inner skinne thereof and the guts . Type . A figure , forme or likenesse of any thing . Typicall . Mystical , or that which serueth as a shadow and figure of an other thing . Tyrant . A cruell Prince , One that ruleth vniustly . Tyrannize . To play the tyrant , to gouerne with crueltie . V VAcant . Voyde , empty ; without businesse . Vacation . A ceasing from labour . Vacuitie . Emptinesse . Vacuum . Emptinesse . Vaile bonet . To put off the hatte , to strike saile , to giue signe of submission . Valentinians . Certaine heretikes so called by the name of their first master Valentinianus ; who held opinion that our Sauiour receiued not his flesh of the blessed Virgin Mary . Validitie . Force , or strength . Variable . Changeable , which altereth often . Variation . An altering , or changing . Vaste . Huge and great . Vastation . A wasting or spoyling of a countrey . Vastitie . Exceeding greatnesse : also waste or spoile done to a countrey . Vauessour . A Lord. Vauntcourers . Forerunners Vauntlay . A terme of hunting , when they seue hounds in readines , where they thinke a chace will passe , and cast them off before the rest of the kennell come in . Vaward . The foremost part of a battle . Vbiquitie The presence of a person in all places at once . * Vechons . Hedgehogs . Vegetiue . That which liueth and groweth as plants doe . Vehemencie . Earnestnes . Veile . To hide or couers also any thing which hideth or couereth . Velitations . Skirmishes , fightings . Velocitie . Swiftnesse . Velume . Fine parchmen● of calues skinnes . Vendible . Saleable , which will quickly be sold . Venerable . Reuerent , graue , worshipfull . Veneration . A worshipping . Venery . Hunting : sometime fleshly wantonnesse . Veneriall . See venerious . Venerious . Fleshly : giuen to lechery . Venie . A touch in the body at playing with weapons . Veniall . Which may easily be pardoned . Ventory . A fanne for a woman . Ventosity . Windinesse . V●ntricle . The stomacke of any liuing thing . Ventroloquie . A hollow inward speaking of a spirit in a possessed body . Ver. The spring time . V●rbal . Of or belonging to words . Verbatim . Word by word , that which is precisely spoken , according as some thing was spoken before . Verbositie . Much talke , many words . Verdegrease . A greene substance , made of the rust of brasse or copper , which hath beene hanged certaine dayes ouer strong vineger ; It is of a fretting nature , and therfore to be vsed with great discretion . Verdour . The name of a chiefe officer in a Forrest : sometime it signifieth greenenesse . Verge . A rod or wanne . Verger . Hee that carryeth a white wande before a great officer . Verifie . To prooue , to make true . Verity . Truth . Vermilion See Cinoper . Vernall . Of or belonging to the spring . Versifie . To make verses . Verte . A terme in herauldry : it signifieth a greene colour . Vesper . The Euening . Vestals . Certaine virgins among the ancient Romanes , consecrated to the Goddesse Vesta . They were alwayes chosen betweene sixe and tenne yeares of age , and continued thirty yeeres in their office ; whereof the first tenne yeares they bestowed in learning the ceremonies of their order , the second they employed in execution thereof , and the last tenne in teaching others , after it was lawfull for them to marry if they would . Their chiefe office was to keepe fire continually burning in a round temple at Rome in honour of Vesta , and if it chanced to goe out , they were to renew it againe with no vsuall fire , but such as they could get by art from the Sunne beames . They were greatly honoured in the City , and had diuers priuiledges : for they were carried in Chariots , and the chiefest Magistrates would doe reuerence to them . They had officers going before them , as the Consuls had , and if they met any who was ledde to bee put to death , they had authority to deliuer him , taking an oath that they came not that way of purpose , but by chāce . They might also make a will , and dispose of their goods as they pleased . But if any of them were found to liue vnchast shee was openly carryed with sad silence to the gate called Collina , where being put into a deepe pitte , shee was presently buryed aliue . These Vestals were first instituted by Numa Pompilius , or as some write , by Romulus . Vestment . A garment , or clothing . * Viands . Victuals . Viaticum . Money or any necessary prouision for a traueller . Viciate . To corrupt , to defile . Vicegerent . A deputy , one that supplieth the place of an other man. Vicinity . Neighbourhood . Vicissitude . An intechangeable course of things , now one way , now an other . Victime . A sacrifice , a beast offered in sacrifice . Victimate . To offer in sacrifice , to kill and sacrifice . Victor . A conquerer . Victorious . That hath gotten the victorie . Videlicet . To wit , that is to say . View . The print of the foote of a fallow Deere in the ground . Vigilancie . Watchfulnes Vigilant . Watchfull . Vigill . The Eeue or day next before a great festiuall day . It signifieth also a portion of the night diuided into foure equal parts , the first Vigill beganne at sixe of the clocke in the euening , and continued till nine . The second Vigill began at nine , and continued till twelue . The third wa● from twelue till three . And the fourth was from three , till sixe of the clocke in the morning . Vigour . Strength , liuelinesse , force . Vigorous . Liuely , strong , lusty . Vilifie . To make base . Vilitie . Basenesse . Vindictiue . Reuengefull , or apt to reuenge . Vintage . The time of yeare when wine is made . Violate . To offer violence , to corrupt or defile , to transgresse or breake a law . Violation . An offering of violence , a breaking . Viper . A venemous serpent in some hot countries lying much in the earth , hauing a short taile , which grateth and maketh a noise as he goeth . They are of a yellow colour , and sometime red . The male hath but one tooth in euery side , but the female hath moe . It is written that when they ingender , the female biteth off the males head , which he putteth into her mouth , and that the yong ones doe gnaw the dams belly , and so kill her to get forth the sooner . Virago . A stout woman of manly courage . Virginall . Of or belonging to a Virgin. Virilitie . Mans estate . Virulent . Poysonous , deadly , infectious . Visible . Which may be seene . Visibilitie . The abilitie or powre of seeing . Vitall . Liuing , or appertaining to life . Vitiate . To corrupt or defile . Vitious . Full of vice , lewde , wicked . Vitriol . Copperas : It is of a middle nature betweene stone and metall . Vituperate . To reproach , blame , or dispraise . Vituperation . A blaming , a rebuking . Viuacitie . Long life , liuelinesse . Viuification A quickening , a reuiuing . Vleer . A s●re , or botch . Vleerate . To make sores or blisters to arise . Vmbilike . The Nauell , the middle part Vmbrated . Shadowed . Vnaccessible . Vnapproachable , which cannot bee come vnto . Vnammitie . One consent of minde , concord , agreement . Vncoteth . Strange . Vnction . An annointing . * Vneth . Scarce , hardly , with difficulty . Vnguent . An oyntment . Vniforme . Of one forme and fashion . Vniformitie . One forme and fashion . Vnintelligible . Which cannot be vnderstood . Vnion . A ioyning together , concord , agreement : also there is a precious pearle so called . Vnitie . Concord , agreement . Vniuersall . The whole , all in generall . Vniuersalitie . The whole state , all in generall . Vnsatiable . Which cannot be filled or satisfied . Vocabularie . Of or belonging to words , which consisteth onely of words . Vocall . Of or belonging to the voice . Vocation . A calling , or course of life that one is called to . Volant . Flying . Volubilitie . The quicke turning of any thing : inconstancy , changeablenes . Voluntarie . Willing . * Voluper . A Kercher . Voluptuous . Giuen to pleasure . Voluptuousnesse . Pleasure o● bodie , wantonnesse . Vomite . To cast , to rid the stomacke . Voracitie . A deuouring . Votarie . He that maketh a vow , or bindeth himselfe by vow . Vowell . A letter which maketh a perfect sound of it selfe , as a , e , i , o , u. Vrbanitie . Courtesie in speech or behauiour , ciuilitie , gentlenesse . Vrgent . Which vrgeth or compelleth a man to go about a matter . Vreters The water pipes or conduits by which the vrine passeth from the kidnies to the bladder . Vrim . An Hebrew word , which the high Priest of the Iewes wore with the word Thummim , in the plaits of the Rationall vpon his brest : Saint Hierome interpreteth it , Learning . Vrine . Water of man or beast . V●ne . A box , or litle vessel . Vtas . The eighth day following any terme or feast . Vtensils . Necessaries belonging to a house or ship . Vtility . Profit , commoditie . Vulgar . Common or much vsed of the common people . Vultur : A rauenous fellow , a cruell Cormorant . Vuula . A little peece of flesh in the inmost roofe of the mouth , which somtime hangeth loose downward , and hindereth from speaking and swallowing the meat . W WAife . Goods that a Fellon flying , leaueth for hast behind him , which commonly are forfet to the lord of the soile , if the right owner bee not knowne . Waiue . In our common law it signifieth a woman that is outlawed . * Wanger . A male or bouget . * Warison . Reward . Wariangles A kinde of rauenous birds . Warpe . The threed that goeth in the length of the cloth . * Wastell bread . Fine Cimnell . * Waymenting . Lamenting . Weasand . The throat or passage into the stomacke . * Weene . To thinke . Welked . Withered . Welkine . The whole compasse of the heauens : the Firmament , the heauens . * Wend. To goe . Whilke . Which . * Whilome . Whilst , sometime once , or in time past . Whirlebone . A round bone vpon the knee , which may be mooued vp and downe . Whorleba● . A weapon hauing plummets of Lead tyed to the end of it . Wile . Deceit , craftinesse . Wily . Subtile , craftie . Wisard . A Wise man , a Witch , a cunning man. Withername . When hee that hath taken a distresse carrieth it to such a place , where the Sheriffe may not make diliuerance vpon a Repleuine , then the party distrayned may haue a Writ to the Sheriffe , that he takes as many beasts , or as much goods of the other in his keeping , till that he hath made deliuerance of the first distresse , and this is called a Writ of Whithername . * Wone . Store . * Wonne . To dwell , or abide . * Woodshaw . Woodside or shadow . Woofe . That threed in weauing which goeth a crosse . Wooldriuer . He that buyeth wooll in the Country , and carrieth it away on horsebacke to sell it againe . Wrethe . The tayle of a wilde Boare . Wrecke . The losse of a ship at Sea by drowning : also goods so lost and cast vpon the sea shore . * Wreme . To compasse about . Wright . A Carpenter . * Wimble . A Kercher . Wyner . A serpent much like a Dragon . X XYloaloes . See Lignum Aloes . Xylobalsamum . A sweete wood out of which balme droppeth . See Balme . Y YArdland . In some places , it is 20. Acres of land : in some , 24. and in some 30. Yarrow . Fearefull , saint-hearted . Also there is an her be so called , good to stop any bleeding . Yate . A Gate . Yeleeped . Called , named . Yearne . To cry and ba●ke as Beaggles doe at their prey . Yede . Went. Yexing . Sobbing . Y●●e . Long agoe , of old . Yuca . An herbe in India , wherewith they vse to m●ke bread . Z ZAnie . A foolish imitator to a tumbler , or such like . Zenith . That part of the heauens which is direct ouer our heads . Zephyrus . The Weste w●nde . Zodiake . An imaginary winding circle in the heauens , vnder which the planets are still mooued , and in which the twelve signes are placed . Zone . A girdle in Cosmography , it signifieth a diuision made of the heauens into fiue parts , wherof one is extreme hot , two extreame colde , and two temperate . The hot Zone , otherwise called the burning Zone , is all that part of the heauens , which is contained betweene the two Tropickes of Cancer and Capricorn●● in which Zone , contin●●●●●●●y the Sun keepeth his ●●●●●e . The two cold Zones are vnder the two poles of the world , or within 23. degrees neere them . The two temperate are the Zones betweene the farthest extreme cold and the middle burning zone . And with these fiue Zones of the heauens , doeth the earth vnder , agree in heat , cold , temperature . FINIS . 
A44736	----	A new English grammar prescribing as certain rules as the languages will bear, for forreners to learn English : ther is also another grammar of the Spanish or Castilian toung, with some special remarks upon Howell, James, 1594?-1666. 1662 Approx. 405 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 144 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-05 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A44736 Wing H3095 ESTC R23452 12764202 ocm 12764202 93549 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A44736) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 93549) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 984:6) A new English grammar prescribing as certain rules as the languages will bear, for forreners to learn English : ther is also another grammar of the Spanish or Castilian toung, with some special remarks upon Howell, James, 1594?-1666. [12], 175, 95 p. Printed for T. Williams; H. Brome, and H. Marsh, London : 1662. Reproduction of original in Huntington Library. Added t.p.: "Gramatica de la lengua Inglesa, prescriviendo reglas para alcacancarla ... London, 1662." "La perambulacion de España, y de Portugal" has half-title and separate pagination. "The perambulation of Spain and Portugal" has half-title and separate pagination. Parallel texts in English and Spanish. Attributed to James Howell. cf. NUC pre-1956. Signed: J.H. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Grammar -- Early works to 1800. Spanish language -- Grammar -- Early works to 1800. 2003-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-01 Aptara Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-02 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2004-02 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion portrait A la Ecella , y SERENISSIMA MAGESTAD , DE DOñA CATARINA De BRAGANÇA Infanta de Portugàl , y Reyna de la Gran Bretaña , &c. Que Dios guarde Con acrecentamientos de toda Felicidàd Imaginàble , Segun los mas humildes , los mas Entrañables Dessèos , y Devociònes De Don Diego Howel . En Londres 1662. A NEW ENGLISH Grammar , Prescribing as certain Rules as the Language will bear , for Forreners to learn English : Ther is also another Grammar of the Spanish or Castilian Toung , With som special remarks upon the Portugues Dialect , &c. Whereunto is annexed A Discours or Dialog containing a Perambulation of Spain and Portugall , which may serve for a direction how to travell through both Countreys , &c. For the service of Her MAJESTY , whom God preserve . LONDON , Printed for T. Williams , H. Brome , and H. Marsh. 1662. GRAMATICA De la Lengua Inglesa , Prescriviendo Reglas para alcançarla ; Otra Gramatica de la Lengua Española o Castellana , Con ciertas Observaciones tocante el Dialecto Portuguès Y un Discurso conteniendo La perambulaciòn de España , y de Portugàl . Que podrà servir por Direction a los que quieren caminar por Aquellas Tierras , &c. Por el servicio de su MAGESTAD Que Dios guarde . LONDON , Printed for T. Williams , H. Brome , and H. Marsh , 1662. To the Sagacious REDER . HE who will pry well into the pedigree of the English Language will find that shee is of a high Descent , For shee hath the Highdutch ( the most ancient German Toung ) to her Gran Mother , And the Saxon ( the prime dialect of the Highdutch ) to her Mother , For the ancient Britains and Hibernians , I mean the Welsh and Irish have no other name for Her ( and her Nation ) to this day . Shee may be said also to have the French for her Mother-in-law , her Lawes being couch'd therin , for 't is 600. compleat yeers within five , since the Norman took footing here , who with his Leopards endeavor'd to bring in his Laws and Language . But whereas Mothers-in-law or Stepmothers seldom use to be kind , yet the French hath bin so to the English , For shee hath not onely enrich'd , but civiliz'd and smooth'd Her with many thousands of words deriv'd from the Latin , whereby shee is grown the more copious , nor indeed is ther any Language fuller of Synonymas , in regard shee hath for most things both a Saxon and a French word , as Stout valiant ; Bold hardy ; Godly devout ; Wise prudent ; Anger choler ; a spit a broche ; Board table ; Town City , &c. But t is worth the observing that her Monosyllables are all Saxon or Dutch , which made one say , that the Englishman capapiè from top to toe is Dutch in all the parts of his body , in his drinking and eating He is Dutch , at bed and board hee is Dutch ; Hee is all Dutch at Sea , as also when he holds the plough , in his numbers in the daies of the week ( not the months ) Hee is Dutch ; in his clothing he is Dutch , ( though French in his fashion ) Hee is Dutch in his Fishing , but in Fighting , Fortifying , and Fencing , as also in Hawking , Hunting , and Heraldry , in Dancing , Riding , and Painting , in his Music and Airs he is all French , &c. Add herunto that the English grows every day more and more Copious by an adoption shee makes of the choicest forren Words , which insinuating themselfs into Her by degrees do in tract of time as it were Naturalize themselfs and becom free denisons ; In so much that the English may be said to be Dutch embordered with many other Languages . Now , touching this new English Grammar , let not the Reder mistake , as if it were an English Grammar to learn another Language , as Lillie is for Latin , and Littleton for French , &c. No , This is a meer Grammar of the English it self , for the use of Forreners ; With a modest reserche into som Solecismes that are in the ortography and speaking . It is a hard task to make a Grammar of a Mother Toung , A harder task to make one of a Dialect , But to make an exact Regular Grammar for all parts of a Subdialect ( as the English is ) is a task that may be said to be beyond the reach of human understanding , the subject being not capable of it : Mr. Ben. Iohnson a Weighty man , and one who was as patient as hee was painfull in all his composures confess'd , the further hee waded herin the more he was still gravelled . Concerning the Spanish , The best Gramarians and Artists have bin consulted withall , besides the Authors own observation who breath'd air a long time under that Clime ; The Castilian is a cleer and grave lesurly Speech , it carries a kind of state , and deliberation with it ; Therfore it affects long words as what we expresse in one Syllable , the Spaniard hath five or six Syllables , as Nacimiento birth , Murcielago a batt ; Levantamiento an uproar , &c. Now , as English may be said to be nothing els but Dutch inlayed with French , so the Castilian Toung is nothing els but Latin inlayed with Morisco words ; But the difference is , that the English is made the smoother by association shee hath with the French , But the Castilian Toung is grown more rugged by the admission and mixture of the Morisco words , who coming from the Arabic have a guttural or throaty pronunciation . The severall parts wherof this BOOK consists . FIrst , a new English Grammar prescribing as certain Rules as the Language will bear for Forreners , ( the Spaniard especially , into whose Toung it is rendred ) to attain the knowledg of the English. 2. Of divers superfluous letters that are us'd in writing English which may be well omitted , whereby the language will be more easily for Forreners to learn : As also of som Solecisms us'd in the common practice of speech . 3. A Grammar of the Spanish or Castilian Toung . 4. Som speciall remarks upon the Portugues Dialect , and how it differs from the Castilian , with a short Dictionary of such words as are meerly portugues . 5. A Discourse by way of Dialog twixt Charles and Philip containing the perambulation of Spain and Portugall , which may serve for a Guide to them who may desire to see those Countreys . 6. A familiar Letter compos'd of above fourscore Spanish proverbs conducing all to one subject , and rendred into English ; 7. Another familiar Letter consisting of English proverbs , and tending all to one subject rendred into Spanish . A New ENGLISH Grammar Rendred into SPANISH GRAMATICA INGLESA Rendida en CASTELLANO . The English Grammar . GRammar is the Art of Letters , as the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( whence it is derived ) imports : Of Letters are made Syllables , of Syllables Words , and by the coagmentation of letters , syllables , and words , is fram'd Sermocination or Speech , which is one of the eminentst Praerogatives of Mankind above all other sublunary Cretures ; for though others ( as som volatils ) by Art , and hardship are brought to utter som broken words , yet they understand not what they speak , because they are destitut of the faculty of Reson , Mar. onely being the child of Reson . Of the English letters , with their pronunciation , and som special remarks upon them . Touching the Abcee ( or Alphabet ) of the English Toung , ther are fower and twenty letters in all which are written in Great and Small caracters ; the Great are shap'd thus , ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQ RSTVWXYZ . These great Caracters serve for proper names ● persons , places and ivers , &c. as Charles Carlos● Katherine Catalina , London Londres , Lisbon Lubona bona , Severn Sabrina , Trent Trenta ; som of them are of great account , for they are numerical , as I stands for One , V for Five , X for Ten , L for Fifty , C for a Hundred , D for Five hundred , M stands for a Thousand . The lesser caracters of the Abcee are thus form'd , abcdefghiklmnopqrstvwxyz . Now , what the fower Elements are to all corporeal cretures in point of Generation , the same are the letters to all Languages in point of Locution or speech : And as of the Elements , though so few in nomber , such infinit kinds of compounded and differing mixd cretures are produced , as from their simple and primitive principles ; so from so small a nomber of Letters such a world of different words are compos'd , and such an infinity of Volumes penn'd and printed , which is a remark of wonder that hath faln but under the capacity of few . We will now consider all the Letters severally by themselfs , which are the original ingredients that go to the composition of Speech . These Letters divide themselfs into Vowels and Consonants , so call'd because they have no sound at all without a Vowel go before or after ; as B hath e after it , F hath e before it to make it pronounceable : Of which Consonants fower are call'd Liquids , call'd so because they melt as it were in the mouth , and have a softer kind of pronunciation then the rest , which fower are l m n r. The Vowels are 5. in number , viz. a e i o u , Ther is a word in Spanish which no other Language hath , that comprehends all the five , which is oveja , a Sheep : 'T is tru that the transcendent eternal name of Iehova hath them likewise together , but that h onely ( which is but an aspiration ) interposeth . Now , the Vowels deserve to have the precedence of all the rest of the Letters , because no Consonant can be pronounced or is soundable without one of them before or after , ( as 't was said before ) therfore are they call'd Consonants or co-sounding . A. The Vowel a is the first letter in all Languages , and it merits the priority of all other , because it is the first and most natural easie motion and ouverture of the lips ; it is also the letter of Absolution and comfort , as Cicero hath it . The French have a Proverb that makes much for the honor of A , viz. Il est marquè a l' A , He is mark'd with A ; that is , he is right honest man : This may haply be the reson why A hath such a large Dominion among the English , for she is a praepositive article ( with The ) to most Substantifs and Adjectifs , as A man un hombre , A Knight un Cavallero , A sword una espada , A learned man un hombre cientifico , A valiant Knight un Cavallero valiente , A bright sword una espada luziente . A in the English Toung hath two differing sounds , the one open and full , as Abraham , Alabastre alabastro ; the other pressing , and as it were half mouth'd and mincingly , as Ale cerveza , Awake despierto , &c. Whereas in Spanish ( and other Languages ) it bears the first open prolation , as Da Dios alas a la hormiga para que se pierda mas ayna God gives wings to the Ant that she may destroy herself the sooner ; a Proverb alluding to prowd ambitious men . A , when it comes before lm somtimes drowneth the l and turneth to an u , as Calme is pronounced Caume , Psalme Psaume , Balme Baume , &c. but the a receives thereby a more open sound , and makes as it were one syllable of two . E. E the second Vowel is pronounced in English as in Spanish and other Languages ; when it concludes a word it is pronounced carelesly and faintily , as Bare nudo , There allà , Fire , Fuego , &c. as the Spaniards also do in combate a Fight , combite a Feast , escabeche Pickle , padre Father , madre Mother , &c. But in the monosyllable article The t is pronounced sharp . Where e comes after l having two Consonants before it , it hath a strange transposition , for it leaps before l , and takes the half sound of i , as Epistle Epistel , epistola ; Thistle Thistel , cardo ; Little littel , poco ; Prickle prickel , espina : e passeth also obscurely , where it ends a word with a consonant , as spoken hablado , broken quebrado , Coffer cofre , brewes sopa , &c. When e also comes before d , to conclude a word , she loseth often her sound by an Apostrophe , as tyred tyr'd , cansado ; restrained restrain'd , restreñido : and so in all Participles of the Preter-tense . When e cometh before a it drowns the a , but makes the pronunciation longer , as beast bestia , disease enfermedad , feast combite , &c. E and I have such a friendship in the English language , that they supply one anothers place somtimes , and are us'd indifferently , as Enterchange or Interchange , trueque ; her or hir , ella ; endure or indure , sufrir ; endevor or indevor , diligencia , &c. And 't is so likewise in Spanish , as mesmo or mismo , the same ; pedir or pidir to pray : The Italian also doth it often as refiutare or rifiutare , reputare or riputare ; but the Florentine more affects i. I. The Vowel i hath a very peculiar sound in som English words , which differeth from other Nations ; for the Spaniards with others pronounce it as ee in English , as mi tio my Uncle , mee teeo ; pimienta Pepper , peemeeenta ; cinco five , ceenco : But the English pronounce in most words i as if it were the Dipthong ei , as Pilot peilot , pilota ; a pipe peipe , pipa ; a hide heide , cuero ; licence leicence , licencia : which pronunciation is a pure Anglicisme . I , may be call'd an amphibolous letter , for though she be naturally and by her birth a Vowel , yet she degenerats often into a Consonant , ( which she never useth to do in the Hebrew and Greek ) which Consonant hath an affinity with g , insomuch that she may claim ( like v ) two caracters , as having two such capacities , viz. of Vowel and Consonant , as James is pronounced Giames , Diego ; Javelin Giavelin , javelina ; joy geoy , alegria ; Jeffrey Gieffrey , Godefrido , &c. O. The Vowel O is pronounced with a rounde : mouth than any other , therfore she hath properly an orbicular figure , and is a letter in English of much change and incertainty ; sometimes she is pronounc'd sharp , as Coller collar , corn grano , crosse cruz , Crocodile Crocodilo , &c. somtimes o is pronounc'd flat , as Colour colòr , Cosen primo , mother madre , taking thereby the half sound of u. Upon the u , o soundeth smart , as Round redondo , sound sonido , bound atado , &c. But in the last syllable before n she loseth her strength , as Devotion devocion , compassion compassion , person persona : Before w also at the end of words she loseth he● strength , and becomes an u , as hollow hueco , hollu ; Tallow tallu , cevo , &c. When o ends a word she is pronounced strong & clear , as in these Monosyllables , Go and àd , so assi , no no , &c. Before v consonant o hath various pronunciations , open and shut , as Dove paloma , glove guante , grove arboleda , Jove Iupiter , &c. Priscian saith , that som Cities in Italy had not o at all but u , and in other places they had no u at all , but o in the place of it , as in old Writers we read volgus for vulgus , poblicum , polchrum , colpam , for publicum , pulchrum , culpam ; and let this suffice for this inconstant letter . V. The Vowel u as well as i hath the privilege to become Consonant very often , which make som call them the mongrel letters : V never endeth any word in English for the nakednes of it , but cloaths her self with a Dipthong , and at other times hath● to follow her , as New nuevo , knew conocia , blu : azùl , true verdadero , &c. The English pronounce oftentimes u like the French , in a whistling manner which sound is quite differing from the Spaniar● and Italian , who prolate it in a manner like oo , as un one , oono ; usanza use , oosanza , &c. But the English and French pronounce u as if it were the Dipthong ew , as Cocu a Cuckold is pronounced as if 〈◊〉 were written Cokew ; Cubit Kewbit , &c. The German is subject often to turn b to u , as there is a facetious tale of a Duchman , who thinking to complement with his French Hostesse said , Ma foy Madame vous avez veaux enfans , Truly Madame you have Calfs to your children ; wheras insteed 〈◊〉 veaux calfs , he shold have said beaux fair . W. W is pronounced with a larger roundnes of the lips then the letter o , and with far more force if 〈◊〉 hath h next it , as Whale balena , Wheele rued● Whirligigg peonça , &c. but where h doth not immediatly follow 't is pronounced soft , as Whirlwin● remolino , where the first w is far more emphatic● then the second . The Saxons or high Dutch themselfs , whence th● English derive their origen and language , cannot pronounce this w before h with that vigor , but 〈◊〉 lieu of What they say Wat , Where were , &c. which shews that the English have stronger lungs . The Spaniard hath no w , nor the Italian an● French. Y. Y , although it be pronounced like i , yet she is more constant to her self , scorning as it were to degenerat from her first being , and from a vowel to turn consonant ; therfore she may well deserve to be call'd the letter of Philosophy , or Phythagoras his letter . In French she is of that weight that she makes somtimes a whole word of her self , as Voulez vous y aller , Will you go thither ? and is an Adverb both of person and place : In Spanish she frequently makes a syllable of her self , as yxar the flank , yzar to lift up , &c. Of Dipthongs . Thus much of the Vowels , which may be call'd the ligaments or Arteries that knit the bones or Consonants together , and put life into them , els they were but so many dead trunks . We will now to the Dipthongs , which because they are meerly made of Vowels , 't is fitting they shold precede the Con●onants . Dipthongs are as it were the associating of som Vowels to make them issue forth a joynt sound , so that two sounds may be had in one syllable . The English Dipthongs may be reduced to ten , as ai o● ay , as Maid moça , afraid amedrentado , May May , day dia : the second au or aw , as Austere austero , autentico autentico , law ley , awe obedience : the third ea , as East Levante , Earl Conde , seat sede , yea s●● the fourth ei , as Weight peso , streight derecho : the 5. ew , as Dew rocio , few pocos : the 6. oi or oy , as Toil trabajo , soil terra , boy muchacho , joy alegria : the 7.00 , as Food bastimento , good bueno : the 8. o● or ow , as Stout animoso , Toung lengua , now agora : the 9. ui or uy , as Juice çumo , the last uoy , as Buoy . Ther are but three words wherin the Dipthong eo is found , viz. People , Jeopard , Yeoman . The Dipthong ae is not us'd neither in English or Spanish . Of the Consonants . B. B is the first Consonant and second letter of the Abcee ; it is the first that brings our lips together after we are born , therfore t is calld the prime labi●l letter : In English t is pronouncd as in other languages , but not alwayes as it is in Spanish wher it is promiscuous with v in sundry words , as bisoño a young Soldier , or visoño ; vimbrera an Ozier , o● bimbrera ; in Greek also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is turned often to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which made the Duchman to say as wittily as waggishly , Si beta est veta , tunc bibere est vivere . But the highest commendation of B is , that it is the letter of Innocence , it being the bleating tone of the Sheep , which is the embleme of Innocence . C. Ther are som critical Authors who bear no good will to C , calling it the mongrel androg y nous letter , nor male nor female , but rather a spirit or monster ; and that by her impostures she trencheth upon the right of s k q , assuming their sounds ; that she might be spar'd in our English Abcee because of the identity or sameness of sound she hath often with them three : But surely they are deceived , for how could we pronounce Cheshire cheese , chisel , Chivalry , without her ? In Italian she borrows also the sound of g , as castigo for gastigo : In Spanish ( and French ) when she sounds like s she is attended with a train , having a semicircle underneath ç , and then she is call'd C cedilla , as çaratan the Canker , çapato a shooe , çarça a bramble , &c. which are pronouncd saratan , sapato , sarsa . D. D is so dainty a letter in English , that she admits of no other Consonant to be her Gentleman-usher but r , as Dreams sueños , drink bevida , drop gota , dragon drago , drum atambor , &c. She is pronounc'd as in other languages , but in Spanish when she is between two Vowels , or before any Vowel in the midst or end of a word , she useth to melt into th , as we pronounce them in that or the in English , as Dádivas entran sin taladro , Gifts enter without a Wimble ; which are pronounc'd as if they were written , Dathivas entran sin talathro : dd in the British or Welsh agree with the Spanish in this pronunciation , as heb DDuw heb ddiiw , Nothing without God. F. F hath the honor to make one of the highest notes in Music , and , which is more , to be the first letter of the highest spiritual vertu , Faith ; she is pronounc'd as in other languages . G. G hath a diffring pronunciation in the English , one before a , o and u , as Gard guarda , gold oro , gulph golfe , &c. and another before e and i , as Gentleman , hidalgo , German Tudesco , Gibbet hor●a , Giant gigante , &c. Yet ther be som words when she comes before i , that are pronounc'd as if she came before a , o or u , as giddy vertiginoso , gift dadiva , girdle cinta , &c. H. H is the letter of breath or aspiration , and therfore may be call'd the letter of life , for when the breath is gone , farewel life : Therfore I wonder why the Greeks came to give her no place in their Alphabet . Som call her a spirit , but whether letter aspirat or spirit , the Alphabet wold be breathless without her . Som call her the Queen of Conscnants . In som words she is written but not sounded , as in Humor humòr , honor honra , humble humilde , host huesped , &c. which are pronounc'd , umor , onor , umble , oft : The Spaniard also leaves her our in most words . Th hath two sounds in English , the one strong ▪ like the Greek ● theta , as Thunder trueno , Thursday Iueves , thousand mil , thirsty sediento , theef ladron , thought pensamiento , &c. but th in other words are pronounc'd gently , like d in Spanish , as in This esto , that aquello , thine tuyo , thither la , thence de la , then entonces , therfore por tanto , thou tu , &c. H after w hath a stronger aspiration in the English then in any other language , as What que cosa , wheat trigo , wheel rueda , when quando , where adonde , whore puta , whale balena , &c. Ph is pronounc'd alike in English as in Spanish ( and other languages ; ) but indeed ther 's no ph in Spanish or Italian , for they turn it into f , as Philosopher Filosofo , Philip Felipe , phantasie fantesia , &c. Ch is pronoun●d in English as in Spanish ( and the Italian ) as China , chamber cama , cheese queso , cherry ceresa , &c. In which words ch is pronounc'd as the Spaniard does in chico little , chichon a bile , chirlar to chirp : But the French differs very much herein , for he prolates ch as sh , as chambre shambre , China Shina , Cheshire cheese Sheshire sheese , Chichester Shishester , &c. K. K is so stately a letter , that she scorns to serve either the Spaniard or Italian , nor the Latin or French either , but in the word Kalendae ; therfore they make c to be such a drudg to them in her place , but the English makes equal use of them both ; yet k goes in English before no Consonants but n , as Knight cavallero , knowledge ciencia , knave vellaco , knife cuchillo , knee rodilla , &c. L. L hath the honor to make the highest tone in Music , for she hath a kind of gentle melting pronunciation , therfore she is call'd by som 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , because she seems to sweeten the roof of the mouth . The English pronounce l as the Spaniards do , but where ll is found in the beginning or middle of any word in Castilian , the last l turns to i , as lloro lamentation , calle a street , callar to hold ones peace , lleno full ; the Spaniard pronounce them as lioro , calie , caliar , lieno . The Britains or Welsh have also like the Spanish a particular sound of ll , which no other Nation can pronounce unless one be bred there very young ; it is so difficult to the English that they are forced to turn it to fl , as Floyd for Lloyd , &c. M. M may be well call'd a labial letter as well as b , nay , t is a question which of them makes the lips meet first in an Infant . We read that the Phrygia● child upon whom Ptolomey tryed his conclusion ▪ Which language was the most natural , spoke Be● first , which signifieth Bread in that language : But the ancient Britains hold that m is the first letter which makes the lips meet , because ther 's no other word for Mother in Welsh then Mam , which all Infants , be they born under any Climat whatsoever , use to pronounce articulatly as soon as they come into the world . M is pronounc'd cleer in the beginning , meanly in the midst , and obscurely in the conclusion of a word in English ; but t is alwayes prolated with a kind of humming , as Mamalukes Mamaluques , Marjerom Origano , Mamora Mamora , martyrdom martyrio , &c. N. N in English is pronounc'd as in Spanish , ( and other languages ; ) but in the Spanish toung it hath this singularity , as to have a streight stroke on the top , as for example ñ , and then she must be pronounc'd as if i immediatly follow'd her , as Fue la Negra al baño , y tuvo que Contàr todo el año , The Negre went to the Bath , and she had news enough for the whole Twelmonth ; in this Proverb baño and año must be pronounc'd as if they were written banio , anio . This letter n ringeth somwhat in the Nose , and hath three degrees of sounds , full in the beginning , weak in the middle , and flat at the end of a word . P. P may be call'd the third labial letter after b and m , for she also makes the lips meet : In the Italian she is often metamorphos'd to an u , as soprano sourano , coperta coverta . Q. Qhath much encroch'd upon the freehold that k had in former times among our Saxon Progenitors , who scarce knew this bumm letter q , but before the Norman Conquest they writt kuill for quill , kuire for quire , &c. But the French-Normans bringing in divers Latin words , as question , quantity , quintessence , and others , much trenched upon the Saxon k ; yet this q is so beggerly a letter , that unless u follow she hath no being in English. R. R. Ther is a most mighty populous Nation next the Sun-rising call'd the Chineses , who read and write perpendicular not collateral , that have not the letter R at all , therfore they call their next neighbour the Tartar , Tata , leaving out both the R's : And it may be the reason is , because R is the Dogs letter , and seems to snarle in the sound , — sonat haec de nare canina litera , This letter sounds of a Dogs nostrill . The French women do oftentimes out of wantonnes leave it unpronounc'd at the end of words . In English t is pronounc'd as in other languages . S. S , though it be call'd the Serpents letter because of her hissing sound , as also for her shape , yet she hisseth but gently against the gums ; she varieth her powers much in our pronunciation , in the beginning she hath a quick sound , as Sables z ebeliu● Sabbath Sabado , &c. but in the middle and end of words , unless she go doubled , she is pronounc'd meltingly as z , as Rose rosa , wise sabio , gems ●oyas , rimes rimas , &c. but if the s be doubled , it is pronounc'd hard and sharp , as Distresse , oppresse , lesse , dresse , tresse , &c. T. T hath one constant prolation , except where it precedes i , towards the ends of words , as Generation , action , nation , faction , generacion , action , nacion , faction , &c. and then t turns to c , as those words use to be written in Spanish . X. X hath scarce the account of a letter in the English , because ther 's never a word in the whole language that begins with it ; in the middle it comes often , as Sixty , vexe , perplexe , sexe , &c. And it ends many words , as Pox las buvas , flax estopa , Fox raposa , six seys ; which sound as if they were written Pocks , flacks , Focks , sicks : For x hath the prerogative to be made up of three Consonants , ( which no other letter hath ) viz. k , c and s , which being so , the Anagram that was made of Uxor and Orcus was not unwitty , — Uxor & Orcus idem . But x is very frequent in the Spanish , both in the beginning middle , and end of words ; which came from the Mores , who for 700. years did almost inhabit the greatest part of Spain , and by so long coalition infected them with a guttural tone . Z. Z is the last of all the letters , and t is properly so , being commonly the last sound that one makes in the mouth at his going out of the world , when he begins to throttle : Ther are but two or three words in all the English Toung ( besides som Greek proper names ) that begin with z , viz. Zeal , zealous , zealot , with som terms of Astronomy , as Zone , Zenith , Zodiac . And so much of single letters . Of Syllabes or Syllables . Having done with the Elements or simples of Speech , we will now proceed to the compounds of letters , and first of syllables . A Syllable is part of a word , which may of it self make a full articulat sound ; it is sometimes ( as 〈◊〉 Spanish also ) of one letter , as Amazd espantado , 〈◊〉 quippage aparejo , imagination imaginacion , omino●● desastroso , usurer logrero ; where a , e , i , o and u is the beginning make a syllable of themselfs . A syllable of more letters is made either of Dithongs or Vowels only , as Ayder ayudador , auditor audienciero , eating comiendo : Now though a Vo● el hath the privilege to make a syllable of her sel● yet no Consonant can do so , unlesse it shake han● with a Vowel . Syllables with a Consonant are e●ther of two letters , as No no ; or of three , as th● which in the English useth often to be written shoth● thus , the ; or of more letters , as That , then , with , aquello , entonces , con ; which are written short , that y en w th ; of 5. letters , as There , which , alla , que ; which are written short , y ere which . Ther are som syllables that have two Consonants to one Vowel , as Cry grido ; som three , as Dr●● ramera ; som 4. as Dregs heces ; som 5. as Strin● cuerda ; som 6. as Strength fuerça ; som syllabl● have 7. Consonants to one Vowel , as Strengths ●●●erça ; but that 's the utmost nomber : And t is observable what a virtu a little Vowel hath , to give 〈◊〉 to so many Consonants . But the Pole hath 〈◊〉 Consonants attending one Vowel , in so much tha when he speaks he hurls his words at ones fa● like stones . Touching the position or quantity of syllabl● ther is no language , I know of , hath exact rules , restraints , examples and cautions to that purpo●● but the Greeks and Latins ; ther is not so much 〈◊〉 and trouble used in the English or Spanish ( or 〈◊〉 other Occidental Toung ) because their metri● Compositions , Verses and Rimes are meerly ●rived from an instinct of Nature , such as Arist● speaks of , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , viz. Of a volu●tary and natural free composition , without 〈◊〉 enslavd so much to the quantity of syllables . 〈◊〉 were the Greeks before Homer , nor the Roman b●● fore Livius Andronicus , so curious in observing punctually the length and shortnesse of syllables . It is consentaneous to order and reason , we 〈◊〉 now speak of the Accents of syllables , which 〈◊〉 it were the tuning or the toning of the voice , and the not observing of the Accent may make a word to be in danger of mis-tuning . For ther are multitudes of words which are written alike , and have punctually the same letters , yet have they clea● contrary pronunciations , as Désert a wildernes , de●sierto , and Desèrt mericimiento ; tórment tormento tormènt atormentàr ; óbject objecto , objèct objectàr ; incense insenso ; cónvert convertido , conv●● convertìr : Now 't is the Accents duty to make 〈◊〉 pronounce aright , and where we find the Accen● we must give a force and Emphasis to that syllable . In Adverbs commonly the Accent is in the 〈◊〉 syllable , as Mèrrily alegramente , hèavily tristemente . Dissyllable and trissyllable words have also mo●● commonly the Accent in the first syllable , as Wìnter Invierno , Sómmer Estio , Síngular singulàr , péssilence pestilencia , pròvidence providencia . Words also terminating in able , be they of 3. or 4. syllables , have the Accent in the first , as Fàble fabul● , sènsible sensible , sòciable amiable : except Abominable abominable , detèstable detestable , &c. Words terminating in tion or sion , have commonly the Accent in the syllable next before , as Conténtion contienda , confúsion confusion , abominátion abominacion : But the Spaniard hath alwayes the Accent is the last syllable of such words . All Dissylables ending in ish , ry , er , el , et , Slávish●clavoso ●clavoso , màrry esposar , hòver meneàr , dàmsel do●zella , pácket paquete , gámmon pernil , bácon toci● Words ending in nt have the Accent commonly in the last , as Lament lament , contènt contentamiento , extènt extension , &c. We come now to the quality of words , to know whether they are Primitives or Derivatives . Most of the primitive words in the English Toung are Monosyllables ; go unto a mans body from top to toe , the parts therof are all Monosyllables , as Head cabeça , heart coraçon , guts entrañas , knee rodilla , foot pie , &c. which clearly discovers her to be a daughter of the High-Duch . The Spanish clean contrary abound and delight in words of many syllables ; and where the English expresseth himself in one syllable , he doth in 5. or 6. as Thoughts pensamientos , fray levantamiento , &c. which is held a part of wisdom , for while they speak they take time to consider of the matter . Ther are also simple words and compounded words , as Love amòr , lovely amoroso ; man varòn , manly varonìl ; wise sabio , unwise necio : And herein , I mean in point of composition of words , the English Toung is as happy , and as hardy as any language , except the Greek , ( which goes beyond all other in that kind : ) For the English doth often joyn and coagment two Substantifs together , as 〈◊〉 cortadòr de bolsas , self-love amor de si mesmo , 〈…〉 de molino ; and somtimes ther 's a 〈…〉 Substantifs in one word , as Tap-house-kee●●● ▪ bodegonero , a Foot-ball-player jugadora pelota , &c. Of the Parts of Speech in the English Toung . Ther be Eight Parts of Speech in the English Toung , as in other Languages , viz. Noun , Pronoun , Verb , Participle , Adverb , Conjunction , Preposition , Interjection ; whereunto we adde the prepositive articles The and A , which the Latin only lacks ; wherof the first is definit and terminats the understanding , as The sword la espada , the book el libro , which denotes som particular book or sword ; the other is indefinite , as A sword una espada , a book un libro , which denote the general Idea of swords and books . Ther is also another difference twixt the articles The and A , viz. that the first may be applied to the plural nomber also , as The swords las espadas ; but the article ▪ A is applied to the singular nomber only . Proper names are incapable of these articles . Now of the parts severally by themselfs . Of Nouns . Nouns are either Substantifs , which can stand and be understood by themselfs , as Church Yglesia , sheet calle ; or they are Adjectifs , which signifie no real thing , unless they be applied to som Substantif , as White blanco , fair lindo , &c. The English Toung hath this singularity above other languages , ( but she is nothing the more commendable for it ) that he useth to put the Adjectif before the Substantif , as Brown bread baço pan , a wise man sabio hombre ; wheras other Nations postpose the Adjectif , and say Pan baço Bread brown , hombre sabio a man wise . Noun Substantifs are either Common , as Bridg puente , River rio ; or Proper , as Rialto Rialto ( a particular bridg in Venice ) Severn Sabrina ; or Personal , as Charles Carlos , Katherine Catalina . Ther are five Genders that belong to these Nouns , the Masculin , which comprehends all Males under a masculin Idea , as Bulls toros , men hombres , &c. The Feminin , which comprehends whatsoever is of a femal kind , as Woman hembra , Does ciervos . The Neuter gender , whose notion conceives neither sex , under which are compriz'd all inanimat things , as Cities , Rivers and Ships ; for though ther be names of other Genders , yet they are spoken of as she 's ; as Eboracum York , Rhenus the Rhine , the Charles Royal. The fourth is the Epicene or promiscuous gender , which understands both kinds , as dogs , horses , deer ; under which words both sexes are intimated , as Hounds and Bitches , Geldings and Mares , Bucks and Does . The fifth is the common or rather doubtful Gender , which hath a near affinity with the former , as frend , gossip , neighbour , cosin , &c. which comprehend either sex : But in Spanish ( and other languages ) they are distinguish'd by their masculin and feminin terminations , as Amigo amiga , vezino vezina , prim● prima , &c. which is an advantage the English Toung hath of others . Diminutifs are proper to all Languages ; in English the Diminutifs of som Substantifs end in ell , as Cock cockrell , part parcell , &c. som in ing , as Goose gosling , duck duckling , &c. som in ock , as Bull bullock , hill hillock : som in et , as Baron Baronet , &c. Ther are also Diminutifs of Adjectifs , as Cold coldish , black blackish , green greenish , &c. Ther are likewise divers Diminutifs of proper names in English , both of men and women , as Christopher Kitt , Gregory Grigg , Richard Dick , Magdalen Maudlin , Katherine Kate , Elizabeth Besse , &c. but ther are som names which bear no Diminutifs , as Peter , Iames , Stephen , &c. but the Spaniard herein hath more Diminutifs and Sub-diminutifs then any other language , as Simòn , Simoncico , Simoncillo , Simoncilillo ; Miguel , Miguelico , Miguelillo ; Catalina , Catalinica , Catalalinilla , &c. The English Adjectifs have their degrees of Comparison , as well as those of other languages ; nay , to som words they have two Comparatifs and Superlatifs , which other languages have not ; they expresse the one either by the word more , or adding er to the end of the Positif , as Wise more wise or wiser , stout more stout or stouter , &c. so the Superlatif is expressed either by the word most , or adding est to the end of the Positif , as Wise most wise or wisest , stout most stout or stoutest . But from this general rule few are excepted , as goood better best , bad worse worst , little lesser least . Adjectifs which end in ous admit of Comparatifs and Superlatifs onely by the Words m●ore or most , as Glorious , more glorious , most glorious ; so Specious , famous , victorious , &c. The English Adjectifs commonly have no Plural nomber , but the singular serves for both , which is a great ease to the language , as Stout man stout men , wise man wise men : But the Substantifs have their Plurals , som terminating in s , as King Kings , stagg staggs , park parks , wood woods , &c. Others terminat in n , as Man men , Woman women , Oxe Oxen , hose hosen : As in all other languages so ther are some irregular words , ( though they be few ) that swerve from the former terminations ; as the plural of Mouce is mice , of Louce lice , of Tooth teeth , of Foot feet , &c. Ther are som Substantifs that admit of no plural nomber at all , ( and they are weighty ones ) as Gold , silver , Brass , Copper , Tinn , and all Minerals ; ( no more have they in the Spanish , as Oro , plata , bronza , cobre , estaño ) with divers other , as rest , bread , &c. these Substantifs have the plural only , as goods , riches , necessaries , &c. where it is observable that necessaries the Substantif , is begot of the Adjective necessary . We com now to the Pronouns , so called because they stand somtimes for Nouns ; we will take them in their degrees , and begin with the Persons , I , tho● , he , we , ye , they : which are declined thus : The first Person . Plural . Singular . Nom. I Yo Wee Nosotros Gen. of mee of us Dat. to mee to us Accus . mee us Voc. o mee o wee Abl. with or from mee . with or from us . The second Person . Singular . Plural . Nom. Thou Tu Yee Vosotros Gen. of thee of you Dat. to thee to you Accus . thee you Voc. thou o you Abl. from or with thee . from or with you . The third Person . Singular . Plural . Nom. Hee el ò aquel They ellos Gen. of him of them Dat. to him to them Accus . him them Voc. o he o they Abl. with or from him . with or from them . There are in English fower Pronouns possessives , My or mine , mi ò mio ; my comes alwayes before a word beginning with a Consonant , as My cloak mi capa , my hat mi sombrero , &c. Mine comes alwayes before a Substantif beginning with a Vowel or h , as Mine Aunt mi Tia , mine heritage mi her●ncia , &c. but mine stands oftner by it self for a possessif , specially in answer to a question , as Whose sword is this ? mine ; whose Glove is that ? mine , The Plural of my and mine is our ours , which also are possessifs . The second Possessif is Thy thine , as Thy house tu casa , thine arme tu braço , thine hand tu mano ; and thine as mine come before a word beginning with a Vowel . Thine also stands for a Possessif of it self to a question , as Whose land is that ? Thine ; cuya a tierra es aquella ? la tuya . The Plural of thy thine is you yours , which are also Possessifs . The third Possessif is Her hers , with their Plurals their theirs ; as Her Distaf su rueca , her Maiden head su Virginidàd ; whose ring is this ? hers . But the Spanish ( nor the Italian and French ) hath not this distinguishing feminin Possessif , but useth su and suyo for both . Which , who and that are Relatif Pronouns , depending on the words before , but which and why properly relate to living things , and that to inanimat ; as The man which preach'd yesterday , the Lady who passed this way , the stones that went to build Pauls , &c. What and Whose are Interrogative Pronoun , and so are the foresaid which and wh● somtimes . Ther are som compounded Pronouns , as my self , our selfs , thy self , your self , him self , her self , it self , the self same , &c. Of a Verb. VErb is one of the most principal and necessary parts of Speech : nay , it may be call'd the Genius and Soul of Speech , for pack all the words of the world together , no Sentence , whether Interrogative or other , can be made without it ; for what Vowels are to Words , the same Verbs are to Speech , they animat both ; which makes it have such a latitude in the Latin toung , that the word Verbum extends to all parts of Speech . A Verb in English as in Spanish ( and all other languages ) hath 3. Tenses or distinctions of times the Present-tence , as I pray or do pray ; the time past , as I prayed or did pray ; the Future or time to come , as I shall or will pray . The Terminations 〈◊〉 Verbs in English is the same both in the singular and plural nomber , ( except the second and third perso● in the singular ) as I live , we , ye , they live , &c. 〈◊〉 not so in Spanish , as yo vivo nos vivimos , &c. 〈◊〉 in other languages , which is a mighty advantage and ease for the learning of the English language . Ther are in English Verbs Aclifs , Passifs and Neuters , as in other Toungs , as I love yo quiero , 〈◊〉 Actif : I am lov'd yo soy querido , is Passif by addition of the Auxiliary Verb Am , soy : the Neuter verb is where am cannot be added , as I live vivo , I weep lloro , &c. Ther are in English , as in other languages , fower cadences and Conjugations of Verbs : Verbs of the first Conjugation som end in all , as to Call llamar , to fall cayer , to install , to inthrall , &c. whose Participles are made by addition of ing and d at the end , as calling call'd , installing install'd , &c. Som end in are , as to dare , to pare , to share , &c. whose Participles also end alike , as par'd paring , &c. Som end in ace , as to chace , to face , to grace , to lace , to trace , to imbrace , &c. whose Participles also are made like the former . Verbs of the second Conjugation som end in eare , as to beare , to sheare , to teare , to weare , &c. whose Participles end in ing and orne , as borne , shorne , torne , bearing , shearing , tearing . Som Verbs end in ease , as to ease , to please , to displease , &c. Som end in ead , as to lead , to knead , to read , to spread , to tread , &c. Som in ind , as to bind , to find , to wind , to grind , &c. Som in end , as to bend , to send , to lend , &c. Verbs of the third Conjugation som end in ite , as to bite , to write , to endite , &c. Som end in ight , as to fight , to fright , to light , to plight , to right , &c. Som end in ell , as to quell , to tell , to sell , &c. Som in ink , as to d●ink , to sink , to sink , to think , to shrin● , &c. Verbs of the last Conjugation som terminat in ) , as to cry , to dy , to fly , to ly , to try , &c. Som in ire , as to hire , to desire , to inquire , &c. Some end in ine , as to shine , to dine , to fine , to decline , to uncline , to confine , &c. Among which Verbs it is to be noted , that the Monosyllable Verbs come from the Dutch , the other from the French. Note also that all Participles of the Present-tence end in ing , of the Preter-●ence in d , most commonly in all English Verbs , except som Irregulars , which is left to observation . Of the two Auxiliary Verbs , I have yo he ò tengo , and I am yo soy . These Verbs I have and I am are call'd the Auxiliaries , and are most subservient to all other Verbs ; for without the second ther could be no Verb Passif , and without the first ther would be no Participles of the Preter-tense : Therfore being so useful 't is requisit they shold be here declin'd at large ; and first of I have , because it is also auxiliary to I am . The Conjugation of the Verb I have . The Indicative or declaring Mood . Present tense . I have , thou hast , he hath : we have , ye have , they have . Preterimperfect tense . I had , thou hadst , he had : we had , ye had , they had . Preterperfect tense . I have had , thou hast had , he hath had : we have had , ye have had , they have had . Future tense . I shall or will have , thou shalt or wilt have , he shall or will have : we shall or will have , ye shall or will have , they shall or will have . The Imperatif or commanding Mood . Have thou , let him have : let us have , have ye , let them have . The Optatif or wishing Mood . Present tense . Oh that I had , oh that thou hadst , oh that he had : oh that we had , oh that he had , oh that they had . Preterperfect tense . I shold have , thou sholdst have , he shold have : we shold have , ye shold have , they shold have . The Subjunctif Mood . Present tense . If or in case that I have , if or in case thou hast , if or in case he had : if or in case we have , if or in case ye have , if or in case they have . Infinitif Mood . To have , aver , Having aviendo . The Auxiliary Verb I am . The Indicative or declaratory Mood . Present tense . I am , thou art , he is : we be or are , ye be or are , they be or are . Preterimperfect tense . I was , thou wast , he was : we were , ye were , they were . Preterperfect tense . I have bin , thou hast bin , he hath bin : we have bin , ye have bin , they have bin . Future tense . I shall be , thou shalt be , he shall be : we shall be , ye shall be , they shall be . The Imperative or commanding Mood . Be thou , let him be : let us be , be ye , let them be . The Optatif or wishing Mood . Present tense . God grant I be , God grant thou be , God grant he be : God grant we be , God grant ye be , God grant they be . Preterperfect tense . Wold God I were , wold God thou werst , wold God he were : wold God we were , wold God ye were , wold God they were . The Conjunctive Mood . Present tense . Seeing that I am , seeing that thou art , seeing that he is : seeing that we be , seeing that ye be , seeing that they be . Preterperfect tense . Although I be , although thou be , although he be : although we be , although ye be , although they be . The Infinitif Mood . To be , to have bin , being . Note , that Verbs of all Conjugations in English have their Passifs generally ending in d , as I love yo amo , I am lov'd yo soy amado ; I fear yo temo , I am fear'd yo soy temido ; I fire yo quemo , I am fir'd yo soy quemado , &c. Except Verbs ending in ell , who commonly have their Passifs ending in old , as I tell I am told , I sell vendo , I am sold soy vendido , &c. As also Verbs ending in ind , who commonly have their Passifs in ound , as I bind ato , I am bound soy atado ; I find hallo , I am found soy hallado ; I grind molo , I am ground soy molido , &c. As also divers Verbs whose Actifs end in ear , have their Passifs in orn , I swear juro , I am sworn soy jurado ; I tear lacero , I am torn soy lacerado , &c. But in Spanish estoy serves to make a Paffif as often as soy , as shall be noted in the Spanish Grammar . Now the difference 'twixt ser and estàr is , that ser signifies the essence of a thing , as ser bueno to be good ; estàr signifieth the local condition of a thing , as estàr ●n Londres , To be in London , &c. An Instance for the declining of a Verb both Actif and Passif in English , 〈◊〉 may serve for all other . The Indicatif or declaratory Mood . The Present t●nse . Actif . Passif . I desire I am desir'd thou desirest thou art desir'd he desireth : he is desir'd : we desire we are desir'd ye desire ye are desir'd they desire . they are desir'd . The Preterimperfect tense . I did desire I was desir'd thou didst desire thou wast desir'd he did desire : he was desir'd : we did desire we were desir'd ye did desire ye were desir'd they did desire . they were desir'd . The Aorist or Preterperfect tense . I desired I was desired , as before . thou desiredst   he desired :   we desired   ye desired   they desired .   The Preterpluperfect tense . Here the Verb , I am , turns to the auxiliary Verb , I have . I had desir'd I had bin desir'd thou hadst desir'd thou hadst bin desir'd he had desir'd : he had bin desir'd : we had desir'd we had bin desir'd ye had desir'd ye had bin desir'd they had desir'd they had bin desir'd The Future tense . I shall or will desire I shall or will be desir'd thou shalt or wilt desire thou shalt or wilt be desir'd he shall or will desire : he shal or wil be desir'd : we shall or will desire we shal or wil be desir'd ye shall or will desire ye shal or wil be desir'd they shall or will desire . they shall or will be desir'd . The Imperatif or Mood of command . Desire thou Be thou desir'd let him desire : let him be desir'd : let us desire let us be desir'd desire ye be ye desir'd let them desire . let them be desir'd . The Optatif or wishing Mood . The Present tense . God grant I desire God grant I be desir'd god grant thou desire god grant thou be desird god grant he desire : god grant he be desir'd : god grant we desire god grant we be desir'd god grant ye desire god grant ye be desir'd god grant they desire . god grant they be desird The Preterperfect tense . Wold I desir'd Wold I were desir'd wold thou desir'st wold thou werst desir'd wold he desir'd : wold he were desir'd : wold we desir'd wold we were desir'd wold ye desir'd wold ye were desir'd wold they desir'd . wold they were desir'd . The Conjunctif Mood . Present tense . Seeing that I desire Seeing that I am desir'd seeing that thou desirest seeing that thou art desir'd seeing that he desireth : seeing that he is desir'd : seeing that we desire seeing that we be desir'd seeing that ye desire seeing that ye be desir'd seeing that they desire . seeing that they be desir'd . Preterimperfect tense . Although I desire Although I be desir'd although thou desirest although thou be desir'd although he desires : although he be desir'd : although we desire although we be desir'd although ye desire although ye be desir'd although they desire . although they be desird . The Infinitif Mood . To desire To be desir'd to have desir'd to have bin desir'd desiring . being desir'd . According to this Example other Verbs Actif ( unlesse they be Irregulars ) and Passif may be form'd . There are also in English as in Spanish ( and all other languages ) Impersonal Verbs which are not distinguish'd by Persons , as it grives me , it irketh me me pesa , it behoveth me me importa , it concerns me me toca , &c. We have hitherto treted of the principal parts of Speech , we will now proceed to the rest , and first of Adverbs . An Adverb is a word without nomber that is joyn'd to another , and it comes either before or after a word , as well-bred bien criado , better-bred meior criado , ill-bred mal criado , &c. But most Adverbs com after , with this syllable ly , as couragiously animosamente , devoutly devotamente , &c. And as in English most Adverbs end in y , so in spanish and Italian ) they end in ente , as the former examples shew . Adverbs are either of quantity as much much● , too much demasiado , enough bastant-emente , together juntamente , &c. Or they are Adverbs of quality , and first of nomber as once , twice , thrice , una vez , dos vezes , tres veces ; The second are of Time , as yesterday ayer , then entonces , when quando , presently luego , ever siempre , &c. The third are of Place , as here aquì , there allà where adonde , yonder acullà , &c. The fourth are of Affirmation or Negation , I , yea , yes , si ; no , not , nay no ; The fift are of Calling , as ho , hola , or exhorting or approving , as so , so , well , well ; Or of Wishing o , if : The sixt are of Similitude , as likewise , so , even so , assi , tambien , &c. Interjections . Interjections are either of mirth , as ha ha ha ; or of grief , as Ah , alas , woe is me , hay ay de mignay de mi ; or of rejection , as fie , fy-fy , ba ; or of scorn , as tu●h , &c. st is an Interjection of silence ; rr 〈◊〉 set dogs together by the eares . Prepositions . Prepositions are separable as before delante , behind atras , according segun , among entre , without sin , afore antes , under or below debaxo , against contra , opuesto , enfrente ; over sobre , neer cerca , &c. Inseparable Prepositions are they which express nothing unlesse they be annexed to a word , as uncapable incapaz , undon deshecho , relief alivio , repress reprimir , resolution resoluciòn , &c. Conjunctions . Conjunctions are call'd so because 〈…〉 words together , as and y , my father and mother 〈◊〉 padre y mi madre , and this is call'd the 〈◊〉 conjunction . Som are severing as but 〈…〉 although , though aunque , som are dis junctif as nor , neither , ni , nor I nor you , ni yo ni vos ; som are of reasoning , as for porque , because para que ; som are of Illation as therefore , wherefore , so that portanto , &c. Of the points of Words and Sentences . The English language as the Spanish ( and others ) hath her points or Notes of Sub-distinction , of Middle-distinction , and of a Full-distinction ; which are call'd comma , colon , and period : A Sub-distinction or comma is a Note of a short breathing or pausing and is figur'd thus , The Middle-distinction hath a longer time of breathing , and is a perfect part of the period which is figur'd thus : The period is the entire whole sentence , and is Note● with a plain single point thus . Ther is also a Parenthesis which is two hal● Moons , and is figur'd thus ( ) which though it 〈◊〉 an included sentence , yet albeit it be omitted the speech remaines perfect . Ther is also a Note of Interrogation , and is figur'd thus ? Ther is likewise a Circumflect which is us'd whe● a word is contracted , which goes thus figur'd ▪ Ther is besides a Note of Admiration which thus ! And lastly , ther is an Apostrophe when a 〈◊〉 is cut off and is figur'd thus ▪ but the Span●●● Toung to her greter commendation hath none this . Gramatica Inglesa . GRamatica es el Arte de Letras , como la palabra Griega 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( de la qual ella se deriva ) denòta● de letras se hazen sylabas , de sylabas palabras , y de la coagmentacion de letras sylabas y palabras nace el Hablar ò Sermocinacion , lo qual es una de las mas eminentes prerogativas que tiene el Genero Humano sobre las demas Criaturas sublunares ; porque aunque algunas dellas por Arte y Dureza vengan a proferir ciertas palabras , toda via no entienden lo que hablan por falta de la Facultàd de la Razon , Siendo Hombre solo el hijo de Razon . De las Letras Ingleses , y de su pronunciacion , con ciertas observaciones sobre ellas . Tocante el Abecedario ( ò Alfabeto ) de la Lengua Inglesa , tiene veynte quatro Letras en todo , las quales se escriven en grandes ▪ y menudos Caractéres , los Grandes se figuran assi , ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQ RSTVWXYZ Estos grandes Caracteres se usan por los Nombres propios de personas , lugares , rios , &c. como Charles Carlos , Katherine Catalina , London Londres , Lisbon Lisbona , Severn Sabrina , Trent Trenta ; Algunas dellas son de gran cuenta , porque son numericas , como I haze uno , V cinco , L cinquenta , C ciento , D quinjentos , M mill . Los menudos caractéres se figuran assi , abcdefghiklmnopqrstvwxyz . Ahora , lo que los quatro Elementos son en rispeto de todas criaturas corporeas en punto de Generation , lo mismo son las Letras a todos Lenguajes , en punto de Pronunciacion ; y como de los Elementos , aunque pocos en numero , tan infinitas differentes species de criaturas son produzidas , como de sus primitivos y simples principios ; Assi de tan pocas letras tanta infinidad de differentes Vocablos son compuestos , y inombrables Volumes , escritos y imprimidos , lo qual es una especulacion que ha caydo en el entendimiento de pocos . Estas Letras se dividen en Vocales y Consonantes , llamados assi porque no tienen algun sonido sin aver un vocal ò adelante ò atras , como B tiene e atràs , F tiene e adelante por hazerse pronunciable : Destos consonantes quatro ay que se llaman Liquidas , porque se van diritiendo en la boca , y hazen la pronunciacion mas blanda , las quales Liquidas son l m n r. Los Vocales son 5. aeiou , La Castellana tiene un Vocable ( que ningun otra Lengua tiene ) el qual comprehende todas las cinco , es a laber oveja ; Verdad es que aquella transcendiente eterna palabra Jehova las tiene tambien , mas la letra h ( que no es otra cosa sino una aspiration ) se entrepone . Ahora , las letras Vocales merecen bien la precedencia de todas las demàs , porque ningun Consonante puede ser pronunciado sin que tenga una dellas adelante ●atràs ( como se dezia antes ) y por esto se llaman consonantes . A. La letra Vocal A es la primera letra de todas las otras en cada lenguage , y tiene esta prioridàd por ser el mas naturàl movimiento y abertura de los labios ; Siendo tambien ( segun Cicero n ) la letra de Absolucion y de consuelo ; El Frances tiene un Refran mucho por la honra de A , viz. Està señalado con A , que quiere dezir es muy hombre de bien : Esta podrà ser la razon porque A tiene tanto dominio entre los Ingleses , porque ella ( con The ) sirve por articulo prepositivo a los Substantivos y tambien a los Adjectivos , como a man un hombre , a Knight un Cavallero , a sword una espada , a learned man un hombre cientifico , a valiant Knight un Cavallero valiente , a bright sword una espada luziente . A en Inglès tiene dos prolationes differentes , una abjerta y clara como Abraham , alabastro ; La otra mas cerrada , y como a media boca : Mas in Español ( y otros Lenguajes ) tiene siempre la primcera prolacion , como Da dios alas a la hormiga , para que se pierda mas ayna ; un Refran que sentiende de los sobervios y ambiciosos . A precedien●o lm en Ingles anega la letra l , y se buelue en u , como en calme bonança , que se pronuncia caume , Psalme Salmo Pseaume , Balme Balsam● baume ; mas a recibe por esto un sonido mas abjerto , y dos sylabas vienen a ser una larga . E. E la segunda letra Vocal , se pronuncia en Ingel●s , como en otras lenguas : Quando concluye una palabra ella se pronuncia floxamente , ò con discuydo , como en There allà , Fire fuego , bare nudo : El Español haze lo mesmo , como Alcayde a Warden ▪ combate a fight , combite a feast , escabeche pickle , Azauache Jett , padre father , madre mother : mas en el articulo prepositivo The el ò la , e tiene siempre una pronunciacion aguda . Adonde e viene tras l teriendo dos Consonantes adelante , una estraña transposicion acontece porque ella salta antes de l tomando el sonido de i , como epistle se pronuncia epistel , epistola ; Thistle thistel , cardo ; little littel , poco ; prickle pri●kel , espina , &c. E passa tambien obscuramente quando ella concluye la postrera sylaba de un vocablo con el consonante n atras , como spoken hablado , broken quebrado , coffer cofre , brewes sopa , &c. Quando e precede d por concluyr una diction ella pierde a vezes el sonido con un Apostrofo , como tyred cansado , se pronun●ia tyr'd , restrained restrain'd ; quande e viene en el medio dio delante de a anegala , pero haze assi la sy●aba mas larga , como beast bestia , disease enfermidàd , feast combite , &c. E y I tienen tal amistàd en Inglès que una supple el lugàr de la otra , y se usan indifferente mente a vezes , como Enterchange ò Interchange , trueque ; her ò hir , ella ; endure ò indure , sufrir ; endevor ò indevor , diligencia : Lo mesmo acontece en Españòl en ciertas palabras , como mismo ò mesmo , pedir ò pidir : El Italiano lo haze amenudo , como refiutare ò rifiutare , referire ò riferire , reputate ò riputare , màs el Florentino queda mas aficionado a i. I. I tiene un sonido muy particular en Inglès , que es differente de los demàs lenguajes , porque el Españòl ( y otr●os ) siempre pronuncia i , como el Ingles su●le pronunciar ee , como Mitio mee teeo , pimienta pepper , peemeeenta ; cinco ceenco , &c. Màs el Ingles pronuncia i como si fuesse el Dipthongo ei , como pilot peilot , pilota ; pipe peipe , sampoña ; licence leicence , licencia : la qual pronunciacion es puro Anglicismo . I se puede llamar una letra amfibola , porque annque sea voc . l por su navidàd , toda via ella degenera muy amenudo en consonante , ( lo que ella nunca haze en la Hebrea y Grièga ) el qual Consonante tiene una affinidad con la letra g , de suerte que ella puede pedir dos caracteres teniendo ansi dos capacidades , como James Iago , se pronuncia Giames ; Javelin javelina , giavelin ; joy alegria , gioy ; Jeffrey Godefrido , Gieffrey , &c. O. La letra vocàl o se pronuncia con boca mas redonda que las demas , por esto tiene una figura orbicular ; es letra de mucha inconstancia en Inglès ; A vezes tiene un sonido abjerto , como en coller collàr , corn grano , crosse cruz , Crocodile Crocodilo , &c. A vezes ella se pronuncia mas flacamente , como en colour color , Cosen primo , mother madre , tomando ansi el sonido de u. Sobre la u , o tiene un sonido rezio , como round rodondo , sound sonido , bound atado , &c. Mas en la postrera sylaba delante de n ella pierde su sonido , como en devotion , compassion , person : Delante de doble ● ò W , tambien ella quita su sonido naturàl , tomando ●l de u , como hollow hollu , hueco ; Tallow tallu , cevo , &c. Quando o fenece un vocablo se pronuncia reziamente en Inglès , como en estas Monosylabas , Go andìd , so assi , no no , &c. Antes del v consonante o tie●e varias pronunciaciones , como Glove guante , Dove paloma , grove arb●leda , Jove Iupiter . Prisciano dize que ciertos lugares en Italia no tenian o mas u en sulugar , y en otros lugares no tenian u , sino o en su ●ugàr , como leemos en los Autores antiguos muy amenudo Volgus , poblicum , polchrum , colpam ; y ●asta lo dicho desta letra inconstante . V. La letra vocàl u como i tiene privilegio deha●erse consonante muy amenudo , por tanto algunos las llaman las letras mestizas : V por su nudeza nunca fenee algun vocablo en Inglès , màs se fortificà con ●n Diptongo , y otras vezes toma e por seguirla , como en estas instancias , new nuevo , knew conocia , blue azùl , true verdadero , &c. A vezes el Inglès pronuncia u como el Francès en manera de sylvàr , el qual sonido es differente del Español y el Italiano , los quales la pronuncian como oo , como uno oono , usanza oosanza , &c. Mas en Inglès y Francès u se pronuncia como fuesse un Diptongo de ew , como Cocu cornudo , Cubit codo , se pronuncian como si fuessen escritas Cokew , Kewbit . El Tudesco està sugeto de tornàr b en v a vezes , como ay un donozo cuento de un Aleman , qui complementando su huespeda Francesa dixo , Mà foy Madame vous avez veaux enfans , A fe señora teneys hijos muy bizerros , en lugar que avia de dezir beaux enfans , hijos bizarros . W ò doble uu . W ò doble uu se pronuncia en Inglès con mayòr redondèz de los labios que la letra O , y con mucha mas fuerça especialmente si h sigue immediatamente , como whale balena , wheel rueda , whirligigg peonça ; pero adonde h no sigue tient una prolacion mas mansa , como en whirlwind remolino , do la primera w es mucho mas emfatica que la postrera . Los Tudescos mismos , donde los Ingleses sacan su Originàl y lenguage , no pueden pronunciar w ante de h por esto dizen wat p●r what , were por where , que es sendl que el Inglès tiene mejores livianos en el pecho . El Españòl no tiene esta letra w , ni menos el Italiano y el Francès . Y. Y se pronuncia como i , toda via ella queda mas constante a si mesma como teniendo en disden de degeuer àr de su primero ser , y de vocal haçerse consonante ; por tanto ella puede bien merecer el titulo de la 〈◊〉 de Filosofia , ò la letra de Pythagora . Y en Francês tiene tal peso que ella haze a vezes un vocablo de por si como voulez vous y aller , Quereys yr allà , tambien es Adverbio de lugar y persona : En Español ella frequentemente haze una sylaba de por si como en yxar , yzar , &c. De los Dipthongos . Basta lo que dicho es de las letras Vocales que se pueden llamàr los ligamentos ò las Arterias que atan los huessos ò consonantes ; y los vivifican que sin esto serian como troncos muertos : Agora passaremos a los Dipthongos Ingleses , y por ser compuestos de los Vocales es bien razon que precedan a los cons●nantes . Los Dipthongos juntan unos Vocales para que pisendan proferir un sonido mesclado , de suerte que dos sonidos se juntan en una sylaba : Los Dipthongos Ingleses son diez , el primero ai ò ay , como maid moça , afraid amedrentado , May Mayo , day dia : el segundo au ò aw , co●o austero austero , authentik authentico , law ley , awe obediencia : el tercer● ea , como East Levante , Earl Conde : el quatro ei , como weight peso , streight derecho : el 5. ew , como dew rocio , few pocos : el 6. oi ò oy , como toil trabajo , soil tierra , boy muchacho , joy gozo : el 7. 00 , como food bastimentos , good bueno : el 8. ou ò ow , como stout animoso , toung lengua , now agora : el 9. üi ò üy , como juice çumo : el postrero üoy , como buoy . No ay mas de tres palabras en Inglès en las quales se hallan eo por Diptongo , viz. people pueblo , jeopatd riesgo , yeoman labrador . El Diptongo ae no se usa en Inglès ò en Español . De los Consonantes . B. B es el primer Consonante y la segunda letra del Abecedario ; ella es la primera que junta los labios despues de nacidos , por tanto se ●ama la letra labial : En Inglès B se pronuncia como en otros lenguages , mas no siempre como en Español , donde ella se confunde muy amenudo con u en muchos vocablos , como Bisoño ò Visoño a young Soldier , bimbrera ò vimorera an Ozier . En Griego tambien 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 raese tornae much as vezes en 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , que hizo el Tudesco dezir donosamente , Si Beta est Veta , tunc bibere est vivere . Màs la may or alabança de B es , que ella es la letr● de Innocencia , por ser el tono de la oveja , que es emblema de la Innocencia . C. Algunos criticos Autores ay qui no quedan aficionado a la letra C , llamandola la letra mestiza , siend● ni varon ni hembra , mas un monstro ò espiritu , que por sus imposturas ella toma los sonidos de sk q , que ella es superflua a causa del mesmo sonido que tiene con ellas ; mas sin duda ellos sengañan , porque com● podriamos pronunciar Cheshire cheese , chisel , Chivalry , y otros vocablos sin ella ? En la l●ngua Italiana ella emprunta tambien el sonido de g algunas vezes , como castigo por gastigo , En Castellano ( y Francès ) quaendo se pronuncia como s , ella and a suportada con un semicirculo abaxo ç , y entonees ella se llama C cedilla , como çaratan the Kanker , çapato a shooe , çarça a bramble , &c. que van pronunciados como si fuessen escritas saratan , sapato , sarsa . D. D es una tan delicada letra en Ingles , que ella no admite algun otro Consonante de seguilla eceto R , como dreams sueños , drink bevida , drop gota , dragon drago , drum atambor , &c. ella se pronuncia en Inglès , como en otros lenguajes , mas en Español quando se halla entre dos Vocales , ò antes qual quier otro en medio ò en la fin de una palabra , ella se va derritiendo en th , como el Ingles las pronuncia en that ò the , como Dadivas entran sin taladro , las quales palabras van pronunciados como si fuessen escritas , Dathivas entran sin talathro : La lengua antigua de los Bretones corresponde con la Castellana en esto , porque ellos pronuncian dd en la mesma manera , como Heb ddew heb d●im , Nada sin Dios. F. F tiene la honra de hazer uno de los mas altos tonos en la Musica , y que es mas , de ser la primera letra de la mas alta virt●ud espirituàl es a saber la Fe : Ella se pronuncia en Inglès como en otros lenguajes . G. G en Ingles tiene dos differentes pronunciationes , una delante de a , o , y u , como gard guarda , gold oro , gulph golfe , &c. Otra delante de e y i , como Gentleman hidalgo , German Tudesco , Gibbet horca , Gian● gigante , &c. toda via muchos vocablos ay que quando ella precede i , se pronuncia como delante de a , o , y u , como giddy vertiginoso , gift dàdeva , girdle cinta , &c. H. H es la letra del aliento ò aspiracion , por tanto se puede llamàr la letra de la vida , porque sin aliento no ay vida ; por tanto me ofpanto porque los Griegos no vinieron a dalla lugàr en su Alfabeto . Algunos la llaman un espiritu , màs sea espiritu , letra ò aspiracion , el Abecedario scria sin aliento sin ella , otros la ilaman la Reyna de los consonantes . En algunas palabras h se escrive mas no tiene sonido , como en humor humòr , honor honra , humble humilde , host huesped , &c. las quales se pronuncian umor , onor , umble , ost . Th tiene dos sonidos en Inglès el uno fuerte comola Griega θ theta , como thunder trueno , Thursday Iueves , thousand mil , thirsty sediento , theef ladron , thought pensamiento , &c. màs th en otras palabras se pronuncian mansamente , como d en Castellano , como this esto , that aquello , thine tuyo , thither là , thence de là , then entonces , thou tu , &c. Htras w tiene unamas rezia aspiracion en Inglès que en algun otro lenguage , como what que cosa , wheat trigo , wheel rueda , when quando , where adonde , whore puta , whale balena , &c. Ph se pronuncia en Inglès como en Español ( y otras lenguas ; ) màs se observa que en Español y Italiano no se halla ph , porque ellos la tornan en f , como Philosopher Filosofo , Phillip Felipe , phantasie fantasia , &c. Ch se pronuncia en Inglès como en Español ( y Italiano tambien ) como China , chamber cama , chee●e queso , cherry cereza , &c. En los qualos vocablos ch se pronuncia como el Español pronuncia ch en Chico , chicon , chirlar , Màs el Francès pronuncia ch muy differentemente como sh , como China Shina , Chalupa Shalupa , &c. K. K es traviessa que desdeña servir el Español ò el Italiano , ni el Latin ò el Francès , si no en esta palabra Kalendas , por tanto ellos se sirven de c en su lugàr ; màs el Inglès las usa indifferentemente ; toda via k en Inglès no precede algun otro Consonante si no n , como Knight cavallero , knowledge ciencia , knave vellaco , knife cuchillo , knee rodilla , &c. L. L tiene la honra de haçer el mas alto tono en la Musica , porque ella tiene una prolacion gentily mansa , por esso algunos la llaman 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , porque ella ablanda el techo de la boca . Los Ingleses pronuncian l como los Españoles , mas adonde se hallan ll en Castellano , sea en el principio ò en el medio de una palabra , la postrera l torna en i , como en lloro , calle , callar , lleno , que se pronuncian como si fuessen escrias lioro , calie , caliar , lieno . Los antiguos Bretones en Ingalatierra tienen tambien un muy particular sonido de ll , el qual ningun otrà nacion puede pronunciàr , si la persona no se cria entre ●llos muy moço ; la pronunciacion es tan difficil al Inglès , que queda forçoso de tornalla en fl , como Floyd por Lloyd , &c. M. M bien se puede llamàr letra labial con b , y duda ay la qual dellas haçen juntar los labios primera en un 〈◊〉 . Leemos que el Frigio Infante , del qual el Rey Tolomeo se servia por sober qual lengua era la mas natural al genero umano , produzia primero Bec , que significa Pan en aquel lenguaje : Mas los antiguos Bretones en Ingalatierra tienen que m es la primera letra que haze juntar los labios , porque 〈◊〉 ay otr● vocablo por Madre en Inglès que Mam , que todos infantes nascanse debaxo de qualquier Clima que sea pronuncian articulatamente luego que entran en el mundo . M se pronuncia clara en el principio , màs cerredamente en el medio , y obscuramente en la fin de un vocablo Inglès , como martyrdom martyrio , Marjerom Origano , Mammalucks Mamaluques , &c. N. N en Inglès se pronuncia como en Español , ( y otros lenguajes ; ) màs en Castellano tiene esta singularidàd , de aver unariga direcha encima , exempli gratia fi , y entonces se deve pronunciàr como si i siguiesse immediatamente , como en este Proverbio , Fue la Negra al baño , y tuuo que contar todo el año ; en estas palabras baño y año han de pronunciarse como si fueran escritas banio anio . Esta letra ñ suena algo en las norizes , y tiene tres grados de sonidos en Inglès fuerte en el principio , flaco en en medio , y escuramente en el fin . P. P se puede llamàr la tercera letra labial tras de b y m , car ella tambien hazen los labios toparse ; en Italiano ella se transforma algunas vezes en u , como soprano sourano , coperta couerta . Q. Q se hà apoderado del lugar que k tenia en los siglos atras entre los antiguos Saxones nuestros tartar abuelos , los quales a penas conocieron esta letra culatica que màs antes de la Conquista Normana solian escrevir kuill por quill , penna ; kuire por quire , coro , &c. màs los Franceses-Normanos trayendo consigo muchas palàbras Latinas , como question , quantity , quintessence , y otras , quitaron el uso de k ; toda via q es tan pobre letra en Inglès , que no tiene lugar sin que u la siga immediatamente . R. Ay una Nacion muy populenta y grande hazia el Levante , llamada los Chineses , ( los quales escriven y leer perpendicularmente ) qui no tienen la letra R en su Alfabeto , por esto llaman los Tartaros sus vezmos màs cercanos Tataos , y la razon puede ser porque la letra r se llama la letra canina ò perruna segun el Poeta , — sonat haec de nare canina litera , Esta letra suena de una nariz perruna : Por esto las mugeres de Francia la dexan sin pronunciar en fin de palabras muchas vezes . En Inglès R se pronuncia como en Español y otras lenguas . S. S aunque sea llamada la letra serpentina a causa de su chifladura , y tambien por su figura ; toda via ella chifla mansamente contra las enzias : ella tiene diversas pronunciaciones en Inglès , en el principio tiene un sonido agudo , como en Sabbath Sabado , sable zebelina , &c. mas en el medio y fin de vocablos ( si no va doblada ) tiene un sonido manso como Z , como Rose , wise , gems , rimes ; mas donde ella va doblada se pronuncia agudamente . T. La letra T tiene una prolacion constante en Inglès , eceto que quando ella precede i hazia el fin de palabras , como en generation , action , faction , do t torna en c , como se eseriven en Español , generacion , accion , faccion . X. La letra X a penas tiene la estima de letra en Inglès , porque no ay ningun vocable qui comiença con ella ; mas en el medio , y en la fin se halla amenudo , como en sixty sesenta , vexe congojar , sexe sexo , &c. tambien X concluye algunas palabras , como flax estopa , fox raposa , six seys , que se suenan como si fuessen escritas flacks , focks , sicks : Porque X tiene esta prerogativade ser compuesta de tres Consonantés ( que ningun otra letra tiene ) es a saber de c K s , loqual siendo assi el Anagramma de Orcus que se hizo de Uxor , era algo ingenioso , — Uxor & Orcus idem . En Espaī ol la letra X se usa mucho en el principio , medio y fin de vocablos , que vino de los Moros , los quales tuvieron la mayor parte de España 700. años , como Xarcias , Xapin , Xarava , &c. Z. La letra Z es la postrera del Abecedario , y muy propiamente , porque es el postrer sonido que se haze en la boca al salir del mundo ; no ay en Inglès mas de los ò tres palabras en todo que comiençan con Z , viz. Zealous , zeal , zealot , con algunos terminos de Astronomia , como Zona , Zenith , Zodiaco , y ciertos nombres Griegos , como Xenefon , Xerxes , &c. Y basta lo que dicho es de las letras senzillas . De las Sylabas . Aviendo tradado de los Elementos de Hablat , ●or a procederemos a las composiciones de letras y pri●ero de las sylabas . Sylaba es parte de palabra la qual rende un sonido ●●●iculado ; se haze a vezes ( como assi en Español ) 〈◊〉 una sola letra , como amazd assombrado , equippage arejo , imagination imaginacion , ominous deastro●● usurer logrero ; en los quales vocablos a , e , i , o , u en principio hazen una sylaba enter a de por si . Sylaba de mas letras està compuesta ò de Dipthon●● ò Vocales solos , como ayder ayudadòr , auditor au●nciero , eating comiendo ; not arse hà que aunque un 〈◊〉 puede hazer una sylaba , toda via ningun Conso●●te puede hazer lo sin un Vocàl añadido : Sylabas 〈◊〉 Consonante se hazende dos letras , como no ; ò de 〈◊〉 , como the el , que se suele escrevir corto en Inglès●esta ●esta manera the ; ò se hazen sylabas de mas letras , como that , then , with , aquello , entonces , con , que se escriven cortas a vezes , como that y en w th ; sylabas ●y de 5. letras , como there allà , which que , se escriven cortas assi y ere w th . Sylabas ay qui tienen dos Consonantes por un Vocàl , como cry grido ; otras tienen tres , como drab puta ; o●ras tienen 4. como dregs heces ; otras 5. como string cuerda ; otras 6. como strength fuerca ; algunas sylabas ay qui tienen 7. Consonantes por un Vocàl , como strengths fuerça ; lo que muestra quanta virtùd tiene 〈◊〉 Vocàl de poder dàr vida a tantos Consonantes . El Polacco tiene a vezes diez Consonantes s●rviendo un Vocal solo , de suerte que se dize que el Polacco quando habla arroja sus palabras como piedras en lal ●ara . Tocante la posicion ò cantidàd de sylabas , no ay otra lengua , que yo sepa , ecceto la Griega y la Latina , qui tiene algunas reglas ciertas para esto ; no ay tanta ●arte y trabajoen Inglès ò Español , ò algun otro lenguaje Occidentàl porque sus composiciones metricas , ●versos y rimas se derivan del solo instinto de la Natura , y como dize Aristoteles , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , es a saber de una libre , y natural composicion sin ●●ser cautivado a las cantidades de sylabas . Los Griegos tampoco antes de Omero , y los Romanos antes Livio Andronico , ●o eran tan curiosos en la observacion de la cantidàd de sylabas . Agora es consentaneo a la razon , que hablemos de los Accentos de sylabas , que son como los tonos de la voz , y no observando el accento puede ser que una palabra venga a ser muy mal pronunciada , como dèsert eremo , y desèrt mericimiento ; tórment tormento , tormènt atormentado ; óbject , object , objèct objectàr ; íncense incenso ; cònvert convertido , convèrt convertàr : Agora toca al accento de hazernos pronunciàr rectamente , y adonde se halla el accento es menester proferir aquella sylaba emfaticamente y con mayor fuerça . Enlos Adverbios el Accento es ordinariamente en la primera sylaba , como mèrrily alegramente , hèavily●ristemente ●ristemente . Las Dissylabas y Trissylabas tienen tambien por lo commun el accento en la sylaba primera , como Wìnter Invierno , Sómmer Estio , Síngular singular , pròvidence providencia . Vocablos tambien terminantes en able sean de 3. ò 4. sylabas tienen el accento en la primera , como Fable , sènsible , sòciable , àmiable ; ecceto abóminable , detéstable . Palabras terminando en tion ò sion , tienen el accento ordinariamente en la sylaba que precede , como conténtion contienda , confúsion confusion , abominátion abominacicion : Màs en Espa●nol tiene el accento en tales vocables en la sylaba postrera . Cada Dissylaba feneciendo en ish , ry , er , el , et , ò on , tienen el accento en la primera sylaba , como slávish esclavoso , màrry esposàr , hòver meneàr , dàmsel donzella , pàcket paquete , gámmon pernil , bácon tocino . c●no . Palabras fenecientes en nt tienen el accento communemente en la postrera sylaba , como lamènt , extènt , contènt , &c. Agora venimos a la calidàd de palabras , por sabèr si son Primitivas ò Derivativas . La mayor parte de vocablos primitivos en Inglès son Monosylabos ; los miembros del cuerpo lo son capapie , como head cabeça , heart coraçon , guts tripas , knee rodilla , foot pie : lo que discubre la Inglesa de ser Hija de la Tudesca . El Español todo al contrario se deleyta en Polysylabas ; y adonde el Inglès sexprime en una sylaba , el se sirve de 5. ò 6. como thoughts pens amientos , fray levantatamiento , &c. lo que se estima un punto de subiduria en el Español , porque mientras que habla tiempo toma para pensàr en la materia . Tambien ay en la lengua Inglesa vocablos simples y compuestos , como love amor , lovely amoroso ; man varòn , manly vironìl ; wise sabio , unwise necio : Y en est a composicion de palabras , la lengua Inglesa es assi tan feliz , y atrevida que qualqueir otra , sacando fuera la Griega , que sobrepuja a todas en este particulàr ; porque el Inglès suele juntar dos Substantivos , como Cut-purse cortadòr de bolsas , self-love amòr de si mesmo , a Milhorse cavalio de molino , &c. y algunas vezes una junta ay de tres Substantivos en un vocablo , como Tap-house-keeper bod●gonero , a Foot-ball-play jugador a pelota , &c. De las partes de Oracion en la Lengua Inglesa . Ocho partes ay de la Oracion en Inglès comoen otras lenguas , viz. Nome , Pronome , Verbo , Participio , Adverbio , Conjunction , Preposition , Interjection ; a las quales añadimos los Articulos The el ò la , y A un una , que los Latinos no tienen , de los quales el primer Articulo es definito , y termina el entendimiento , como The sword la espada , the book el libro , que denota una particular espada ò libro ; el otro Articulo es indefinito , como A sword una espada , a book un libro , que denotan la Idea general de espadas y libros . Ay otra differencia entre The y A , porque The se puede aplicar al numoro plural tambien , como the swords las espadas ; mas el Articulo A se aplica solo al singulàr . Los Nombres propios son incapazes destos articulos . Agora de las partes cada una de por si . De Nombre . Ay Nombre Substantivo y Adjectivo , el primero se puede entender de si mismo , como Yglesia a Church , calle a street , &c. El Adjectivo no tiene realidad alguna sin que se aplique a un Substantivo , como Blanco white , lindo fair , &c. El Inglès tiene esta singularidàd sobre otras lenguas , ( mas no merece mucho loor por ello ) que el Adjectivo precede el Substantivo , como brown bread baço pan , a wise man sabio hombre ; màs otras Naciones postponen el Adjectivo , diziendo pan baço , hombre sabio . Los Nombres Substantivos ò son Comunes , como bridg puente , river rio , &c. ò son Propios , como Rialto ( particulàr puente en Venecia ) Severn Sabrina ; ò Personales , como Charles Carlos , Katharine Catal●na . Cinco Generos ay que pertenesen a los Nombres , el Masculino , que comprehende las cosas debaxo de una Idea masculina , como Bulls toros , men hombres , &c. El Feminino che comprehende qualquier cosa feminina , como woman hembra , Does ciervos . El Genero Neutro cuya nocion concibe ni el otro sexo , debaxo del qual las cosas inanimatas se comprehenden , como Civdades , Rios , Navios ; porque aunque se llaman por nombres masculinos , toda via hablamos dellos en el genero feminino en hiscurso ; como Eboracum la cividad de York , Rhenus el rio Rheno , el Carlos Real un galeon . El quarto Genero es el Epiceno ò genero promiscuo , quo comprehende ambos sexos , como dogs , horses , dere , cavalgadura , venado , &c. los quales vocab●os significan ambos sexos . El quinto es el comùn ò duvoso Genero , como frend , gossip , neighbour , cosin , &c. los quales tambien intiman entrambos sexos : Màs en Español ( y otros lenguajes ) se van differenciando por la masculina y feminina terminacion , como Amigo amiga , vezino vezina , primo prima , &c. que es una ventaja que la Inglesa lleva sobre las demas Lenguas . Ay ciertos Diminutivos propios a todas lenguajes ; los Diminutivos de algunos Substantivos en Inglès fenecen en ell , como cock cockrell , part parcell , &c. otros en ing , co●o Goose gosling , duck duckling , &c. otros en ock , como Bull bullock , hill hillock : otros en et , como Baron Baronet . Los Adjectivos tambien tienen sus Diminutivos , como cold coldish , black blackish , green greenish , &c. Ay tambien Diminutivos de Nombres propios de hombres y hembras en Inglès , como Christopher Kitt , Gregory Grigg , Richard Dick , Magdalen Maudlin , Katherine Kate , Elizabeth Besse , &c. Màs algunos nombres ay que no tienen Diminutivos , como Peter , James , Stephen , &c. Màs el Espanol en esto tiene Diminutivos , y Sub-diminutivos mas que otros , como Simòn , Simoncico , Simoncillo , Simoncicico , Simoncicillo ; Miguel , Miguelico , Miguelillo ; Catalina , Catalinica , Catalinilla ; Francisca , Francisquita , Francisquilla , &c. Los Adjectivos Ingleses tienen tambien sus grados comparativos , y algunos tienen dos comparativos , y dos superlativos , que otros lenguajes no tienen ; exprimen el uno ò por la palabra more mas , ò añadiendo er a la fin del Positivo , como wise more wise , or wiser , stout more stout , or stouter , &c. Ansi el superlativo sexprime ò por la palabra most , ò añadiendo est ala findel Positivo , como wise most wise wisest , stout most stout stoutest , &c. Mas ay ciertos Adjectivos ecetuados desta regla generàl , como good better best , bad worse worst , little lesser least . Adjectivos terminnado e● ous admiten sus comparativos y superlativos solamente por estas palabras more y most , como glorious , more glorious , most glorious ; ansi Specicus , famous , victorious , &c. Los Adjectivos Ingleses ordinariamente no tienen el nombre plural , mas el singular sirve por entrambos , que es una not able ventaja ; mas los Substantivos tienen sus plurales unos terminando en s , como King Kings , stagg staggs , &c. Otros terminan en en , como man men , woman women , oxe oxen , &c. Como en otros lenguajes ay ciertos Irregulares vocablos ( aunque sean pucos ) que declinan las dichas terminacione , como Mouse mice , louse lice , tooth teeth , foot feet , &c. Algunos Substantivos ay que no admiten el nombre plural ( y son de peso ) como Gold oro , silver plata , brasse bronzo , copper cobre , tinn estaño , ( y otros minerales tampoco tienen plural en Español ) rest , bread , beer , ale , &c. Otros Substantivos tienen el plural solo , como goods bienes , riches , necessaries , do se hà de observàr que necessaries el Substantivo nace del Adjectivo necessary . Llegamos ahora alos Pronombres , llamados assi porque suplen algunas v●zes el lugàr de Nombres , y los tomaremos cada uno en su grado començando con las personas , I , thou , he , we , ye , they , Yo , tu , el , nosotros , vosotros , aquellos : que se declinan ansi : The first Person . Singular . Plural . Nom. I , Yo We , Nos ò nosotros Gen. of me , de mi of us , de nos ò nosotros Dat. to me , a mi to us , a nos ò nosotros Accus . me , me us , nos ò nosotros Voc. o me , o me o we , o nosotros Ablat . with me , comigo . with us , con nosotros . The Second Person . Singular . Plural . Nom. Thou , Tu Yee , Vos vosotros Gen. of thee , de ti of you , de vos de vosotros Dat. to thee , a ti to you , a vos ò vosotros Accus . thee , te you , vos vosotros Voc. o thou , o tu o you , o vos o vosotros Abl. from or with thee , de ti ò contigo . from or with you , de ò con vos ò vosotros . The third Person . Singular . Plural . Nom. He , El They , Ellos Gen. of him , de el ò del of them , de ellos ò dellos Dat. to him , a el ò al to them , a ellos Accus . him , el them , ellos ò a elloss Voc. o he , o el o they , o ellos Abl. from or with him , del ò con el. from them , de ellos o dellos . Ay en Inglès quatro Pronombres Possessivos , my ò mine , mi ò mio ; my adelanta siempre una palabra empeçando con Consonante , como my cloak mi capa , my hat mi sombrero , &c. Mine adelanta un vocablo comencando con Vocal ò h , como mine Aunt mi tia , mine heritage mi herencia , &c. màs mine se halla mas amenudo de por si por un possessivo , particularmente en respuesta a una pregunta , como whose sword is this ? mine ; cuya espada es esta ? lamia . Los Plurales de my y mine son our ours , los quales son tambien possessivos . Los segundos Possessivos son Thy , thine , como thy house tu casa , thine arme tu braço , thine hand tu mano ; y thine como mine adelantan vocablos comentando con un Vocàl . Thine tambien es possessivo de si mesmo a una pregunta , como whose land is that ? thine . Los Plurales de thy thine son your yours , que son Possessivos de si mesmos . Los terceros Possessivos son Her hers , con sus Plurales their theirs ; como her distaf su rueca , her maidenhead su virginidad ; whose ring is this ? hers . Mas el Español ( ni el Italiano ò el Francès ) no tiene ●ste feminino Possessivo de distinction , sirviendose de 〈◊〉 y suyo . Which , who , that son Pronombres Relativos refe●iendo a las palabras delante ; mas which y who refie●en propiamente a cos as vivas , y that a cos as inanima●●s , como the man which preach'd yesterday , el hom●●e que predicava ayer ; the Lady who passed this way , la dama que passava por aqui ; the stones that went to build Pauls , las piedras que yvan a fabricar San Pablo . What , whose son Pronombres Interrogativos , tambien lo son which y who sobredichos a vezes . Ay ciertos Pronombres compuestos , como my self , thy self , him self , her self , &c. Del Verbo . EL verbo , es una de las mas principales y necessarias partes de una lengua : se puede llamar el alma de la Habla , porque aunque todas las palabras del mundo se junten , toda via ninguna sentencia , sea Interrogativa ò qualquier otra se puede hazer sin el : Y como los Vocales animan Palabras , assi los Verbos animan sentencias ; que puede ser la razon porque tiene tanta latitùd en la lengua Latina , porque la palabra verbum se extende a todas las partes de la Oracion . Verbo en Inglès como en Español ( y otras lenguas ) tiene 3. distinctiones de tiempos , el Presente , como I pray or do pray , yo ruego ; el tiempo passado , como I prayed or did pray , yo rogava ; el Futuro ò el tiempo venidero , como I shall or will pray , yo rogarè . Las terminaciones de Verbos en Inglès es la misma en ambos nombres ( eceto la segunda y tercera persona en el singular ) como I live , we , ye , they live , &c. no es assi en Español , como yo vivo nos vivimos , &c. ni en otros ●eng●ajes , lo qual es gran ventaja a los que aprenden ●●nglès . Ay en la lengua Inglesa Verbos Activos , Passivos y eutros , como en Español , como I love yo quiero , es ●ctivo : I am lov'd yo soy querido , es Passivo añadiend endo el Verbo Auxiliario Am soy : El Neutro es donde el Verbo am soy , no puede ser juntado , como I live vivo , I weep lloro , &c. El Inglès como los otros lenguajes tiene sus Conjugaciones y cadencias de Verbos : Los Verbos de la primera a Conjugacion algunos fenecen en all , como to call , to fall , to install , to inthrall , &c. cuyos Participios se haçen añadiendo ing y d , como calling call'd , installing install'd , &c. Otros terminan en are , como to dare , to pare , to share , &c. Otros en ace , com● to chace , to face , to grace , to lace , to trace , to imbrace , &c. Verbos de la segunda Conjugacion algunos fenecen en eare , como to beare , to sheare , to teare , to weare , &c. Cuyos Participios terminan en ing y orne , como bearing , shearing , tearing , borne , shorne , torne . Otros fenecen en ease , como to ease , to please , to displease , &c. Otros en ead , como to lead , to knead , to read , to spread , to tread , &c. Verbos de la tercera Conjugacion unos terminan en ite , como to bite , to write , to indite , &c. Otros en ight , como to fight , to fright , to light , to right , &c. Otros en ell , como to quell , to sell , to tell , &c. Otros en ink , como to drink , to link , to sink , to think , to shrink , &c. Los Verbos de la quarta Conjugacion unos terminan en y , como to dy , to ly , to cry , to fly , to try , &c. Otros en ire , como to hire , to desire , to inquire , &c. Otros en ine , como to shine , to dine , to fine , to decline , to confine , to incline , &c. Notarse hàque los Verbos Monosylabos vienen de la Tudesca , los otros de la lengua Francesa . Tambien se ha de notar que los Participios del Tiempo presente terminan en ing , y del Tiempo preterito end , por lo mas , en todos verbos Ingleses , ec●to ciertos Irregulares . La Conjugacion del Verbo , I have yo hè . El Modo Indicativo ò declarativo . El tiempo presente . Yo he , tu has , aquel ha : nosotros avemos , vos aveis , aquellos han . El tiempo preterito imperfecto . Yo avia , tu avias , el avia : nos aviamos , vos aviades , ellos avian . El tiempo preterperfecto . Yo uve , tu uviste , aquel uvo : nos uvimos , vos uvistes , aquellos uvieron . El tiempo futuro . Yo avrè , tu avràs , el avrà : nos avremos , vos avreis , ellos avràn . El Modo Imperativo ò de mandàr . Ave , aya el : ayamos , ayed ò ayays , ayan ellos . El Modo Optativo , ò de dessear . El tiempo presence . Oxala . Si yo oviesse , si tu oviesses , si el oviesse : si no oviessemos , si vos oviesses , si ellos oviessen . El tiempo imperfect . Yo avria , tu avrias , el avria : nos avriamos , vos avriades , ellos avrian . El Modo Subjunctivo . El tiempo presente . Como yo aya , como tu ayas , como el aya : como nos ayamos , como vos ayays , como ellos ayan . El Modo ayudadoro Yo soy . El Modo Indicativo ò declaratorio . El tiempo presente . Yo soy , tu ere 's , el es : nos somos , vos soys , ellos son . El tiempo preterimperfecto . Yo era , tu eras , el era : nosotros eramos , vosotros erades , ellos eran . El tiempo preterperfecto . Yo he sido , tu has sido , el ha sido : nos avemos sido , vos aveys sido , ellos han sido . El tiempo futuro . Yo serè , tu seras , el serà : nos seremos , vos sereys , ellos seran . El Modo Imperativo ò para mandar . Se tu , sea el ò aquel : seamos , sed vosotros , sean ellos ò aquellos . El Modo Optativo ò de dessear . El tiempo presente . Que yo sen , que tu seas , que el sea : que nosotros seamos , que vosotros seays , que ellos sean . El tiempo preterperfecto . Si yo fuesse , si tu fuesses , si el fuesse : si nos fuessemos , si vos fuessedes , si ellos fuessen . El Modo Conjuctivo . El tiempo presente . Como yo fuere , como tu fueres , como el fuere : como nos fueremos , como vos fueredes , como ellos fuèren . El tiempo preterperfecto . Aunque yo sea , aunque tu seas , aunque el sea : aunque nos seamos , aunque vos seays , aunque ellos sean . El Modo Infinitivo . Ser , haver sido , siendo . Se hà de observàr que los verbos en Inglès tienen sus passivos generalmente terminando en d , como I love yo amo , I am lov'd yo soy amado ; I fear yo temo , I am fear'd yo soy temido ; I fire I am fir'd , yo yo quemo yo soy quemado : Eceto Verbos en ell , qui tienen sus passivos en old , como I tell I am told , I sell I am sold , &c. Y Verbos en ind , cuyos passivos terminan en ound , como I bind I am bound , yoato yo soy atado ; I find I am found , yo hallo yo soy hallado ; I grind I am ground , yo molo yo soy molido ; con muchos otros tambien que fenecen en orn , como I swear I am sworn , yo juro yo soy jurado ; I tear I am torn , yo lacero yo soy lacerado , &c. Mas en Español estoy sirve por hazer un verbo passivo tan amenudo que soy , como se ver à en la Gramatica . Agora la differencia que ay entre ser y estar es , que el primero significa la essencia de una cosa , como ser bueno ; estar significa la condicion local , como yo estoy en Londres , I am in London , &c. Una Instancia para declinar un Verbo Activo 〈◊〉 assivo en Ingles , que pueda servir por los demas . El Modo Indicativo ò declaratorio . El ●iempo presente . Activo . Passivo . To desseo yo soy desseado tu desseas tu ere 's desseado el dessea : el es desseado : nos desseamos nos somos desseados vos desseays vos soys desseados ellos dessean . ellos son desseados . El tiempo Preterimperfecto . Yo desseava Yo era desseado tu desseavas tu eras desseado el desseava : el era desseado : nos desseavamos nos eramos desseados vos desseavades vos erades desseados ellos desseavan . ellos eran desseados . El Aoristo ò tiempo preterperfecto . Yo desseè Yo fui desseado tu desseaste tu fuiste desseado el desseò : el fue desseado : nos desseamos nos fuimos desseados vos desseastes vos fuistes desseados ellos desseàron . ellos fueron desseados . El tiempo Preterpluperfecto . Donde ser torna en el Verbo Ayudodòr aver . Yo avìa desseado Yo avia sido desseado tu avias desseado tu avias sido desseado el avia desseado : el avia sido desseado : nos aviamos desseado nos aviamos sido desseados vos aviades desseado vos aviades sido desseados ellos avian desseado . ellos avian sido desseados El tiempo futuro . Yo dessearè Ye serè desseado tu dessearàs tu seràs desseado el dessearà el serà desseado : nos dessearemos nos seremos desseados vos desseareys vos sereys desseados ellos dessearàn . ellos seran desseados . El Modo Imperativo ò de comandar . Dessee tu Se tu desseado dessee el : sea el desseado : desseamos nosotros seamos nos desseados desseed vosotros sed vosotros desseados desseen ellos sean ellos desseados . El Modo Optativo ò de dessear . El tiempo presente . Oxala ò plega a Dios. Que yo dessees Que yo sea desseado que tu dessees que tu seas desseado que el dessee : que el sea desseado : que nos desseemos que nos seamos desseados que vos desseeys que vos seays desseados que ellos desseen que ellos sean desseados . El tiempo preterperfecto . Si yo desseasse Si yo fuesse desseado si tu desseasses si tu fuesses desseado si el desseasse : si el fuesse desseado : si nos desseassemos si nos fuessemos desseados si vos desseassedes si vos fuessedes desseados si ellos desseassen . si ellos fuessen desseados . El Modo Conjunctivo . El tiempo presente . Como yo desseàre Como yo fuere desseado como tu desseàres como tu fueres desseado como el desseàra : como el fuere desseado : como nos dessearemos como nos fueremos desseados como vos desseareys como vos fueredes desseados como ellos desseàren . como ellos fueren desseados El tiempo preterimperfecto . Aunque yo dessee Aunque yo sea desseado aunque tu dessees aunque tu seas desseado aunque el dessee : aunque el sea desseado : aunque nos desseemos aunque nos seamos desseados aunque vos desseeys aunque vos seays desseados aunque ellos desseen . aunque ellos sean desseados El Modo Infinitivo . Dessear Ser desseado aver desseado aver sido desseado desseando siendo desseado . Segun este exemplo otros Verbos Activos ( eceto ciertos Irregulares ) y Passivos se pueden formàr . El Inglès tiene tambien sus Verbos Impersonales , como el Español ( y otros ) los quales no van distinguidos por personas , como it grieves me , it irketh me , me pesa , it behoveth me me importa , it concerns me me toca , &c. Hasta agora avemos tratado de las partes mas principales de la Oracion , procederemos a las demàs , ● primeramente de Los Adverbios . Adverbio es palabra sin nombre que se junta con ●●ra , y viene adelante ò tras de una palabra , como well 〈◊〉 bien criado , better bred mejor criado , ill bred 〈◊〉 criado , &c. Mas los Adverbios por la mayor 〈◊〉 vienen atràs , como couragiously animosamente , devoutly devotamente , &c. y como en Inglès todos ●dverbios casi fene●en en y , assi en Español ( y Italia●o ) fenecen en ente . Los Adverbios ò son de cantidàd , como much 〈◊〉 , too much demasiado , enough bastantemente , to●ether juntamente , &c. ò son de calid●d , y los prime●● de numero , como once , twice , thrice , una vez , ●os 〈◊〉 , tres vezes : los segundos son de tiempo , como ●esterday ayer , then en●onces , when quando , 〈◊〉 luego , ever siempre , &c. los terceros son de 〈◊〉 , como here aqui , there alla , where adonde , 〈◊〉 aculla , &c. los quatros son de afirmation ò negacion , I , yea , yes , si ; no , not , nay , no : los quintos son parallamar , como hola ola : otros son para amonestar ò aprovar , come so , so-so , well , assi , bien està : otros desséan , como ô if : los seys son de similitùd , como , as , so , likewise , even so , assi , tambien , &c. Interjeciones . Interjeciones son ò de alegria , como ha , ha , ha : ò de congoja , como ah , alas , wo is me , hay , ay de mi , guay de mi : ò de aborecimiento , como fy , fy-fy , foh , ba : ò de desden , como tush , &c. st es Interjecion de silencio : rr para incitar los perros . Preposiciones . Preposiciones ò son separables , como before delante , behind atras , according segun , among entre , without●in ●in , afore antes , under or below debaxo , against con●●ra , opuesto , enfrente , over sobre , neer cerca , &c. Las Preposiciones inseparables no exprimen nad a sin ●●r juntadas con otro vocablo , como incapable incapaz , ●ndone deshecho , relief alivio , represse reprimir , re●lution resolucion , &c. Conjunciones . Conjunciones se llaman assi porque ata● las pala●●● , como and y , my father and my mother , mi pa●●● y mi madre : y esta se llama la conjuncion copula●va : otros apartan , como but mas , albeit although a●nque : Otras son Disjunctivas , como nor , neither ni ; ni yo ni vos , nor I nor you : otras proceden de razanando , como for , because porque : otras son de ilacion , como therfore , wherfore , so that , por tanto , &c. De los puntos de palabras y sentencias . La lengua Inglesa●omo ●omo la Castellana ( y otras ) tiene sus puntos y not a● de Subdistincion , de media distincion , y de complida distincion , que se llaman Comma , colon y periodo . Una subdistincion ò Comma es nota do corto aliento , y se figura assi , La media distincion tiene aliento mas largo , y se puedo dezir cumplida parte del Periodo , y se sigura assi : Periodo es la sentencia entera , y va figurada de un punto senzillo assi . Ay tambien l● Parenthesis , que se figura como dos medias Lunas assi ( ) y aunque sea incluyda en la sentencia , toda via en ometiondola , la sentencia no dexa de ser perfecta . Ay tambien nota de Interrogacion , que se figura assi ? Mas desto ay nota de Circumflexion , quando el vocablo va abreviado , y se figura assi ▪ Ay tambien not a de Admiracion , que se figura assi ! En conclusion ay not a del Apostrofo , quando una le●rase corta , y se figura assi ' Mas la Castellana por su mayor alaban●●a no usa tales Apostrofos , TOuching the Syntaxis , which is an orderly series and connection of Nouns , Verbs , Adverbs , and other parts of Speech according to the propriety of a Language in a due cohaerence , the English toung may be said to have the same that other vulgar Languages and dialects have ; But the English being a sub-dialect to other toungs , as was touch'd in the Epistle to the Reader , and having such varieties of incertitudes , changes and Idioms , it cannot be in the compas of human brain to compile an exact regular Syntaxis therof , Mr. Ben. Iohnson a great Wit , who was as patient as he was elaborat in his re-serches and compositions , as he was framing an English Syntaxis , confess'd the further he proceeded , the more he was puzzled ; Therfore herin we must have recours to that great Mistresse of all knowledg Observation , it being a tru maxime , Quod deficit in praecepto , suppleat Observatio . Concerning the English prosody , the same may be said thereof as was spoken before of the Syntaxis ; But touching Poesie and Metrical compositions , the English is as punctual in observing the nomber of feet , syllables , and cadences , as any other vulgar language ; And ther are couch'd in Her as strong concepts , and as sinewy expressions , with such high Idaeas and Raptures of Wit and Invention as in any language whatsoever ; nor is any so copious of Allegoires , and so constant in the poursuit of them ; Her ordinary rithmical composures consist of ten feet , wherof I thought good to produce these ( yet bleeding ) examples . Vpon His late Majesties Decollation . SO fell the Royal Oke by a wild crew Of Mongrell shrubbs ▪ which underneath Him grew ; So fell the Lyon by a pack of Currs ; So the Rose wither'd 'twixt a knot of Burrs ; So fell the Eagle by a swarm of Gnats ; So the Whale perish'd by a shoal of Spratts . Indignabundus sic cecinit , J. H. Vpon CHARLES the First , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . If to subdu ones Self , if to obtain A Conquest o're the Passions , bee to Raign , Here lies the Gretest King ( who can say more ? ) Of all can com behind , or went before . I. H. Of divers superfluous Letters in the English Orthography ; And som Solaecisms discover'd in the common practice of the Language . HE may be siad to do his Mother Toung a good office , who makes her the more docible and easy to be learnt by Forreners : Now , ther is not any thing which tends more to the easy attaining of a Language , and to allure a stranger to the study therof , as when the writing and pronunciation of words do both agree . I have known divers Forreners much affect the English Toung , but when they went about to study her , and found such a difference betwixt the printed words and the pronouncing of them , ( which proceeds from the superfluous letters ) they threw away their books in a kind of passion and dislike . The French finding lately this inconvenience , have garbled their Toung of such letters ; and under favor ( as we imitat the French in all things els ) it may well becom the English to follow him in this ; to which purpose these few rules may serve . 1. If those words which have the Latin for their Original , wee write them as the Latin doth , not as the French , ( and t is the more credit so to do ) as Afric , Logic , Physic , &c. labor , honor , favor , &c. wherby the words are as fully pronouncd , as if ( after the French ) they were written Afrique , Logique ; Physique , labour , honour , favour : and ther are two letters sav'd in the three first words , and one in the second , which makes the words to be pronounc'd as they are written . 2. That in such words as end in inne and unne , the last n and the e shold be left out , as sinne , ginne , pinne , shinne , tinne , winne , &c. gunne , nunne , runne , shunne , sunne , &c. which shold be written sin , gin , pin , shin , tin , win , &c. gun , nun , run , shun , sun , &c. wherby two letters are sav'd , yet they have altogether as full a pronunciation ; but herby strangers will not be subject to make two syllables of them , as sin-ne , pin-ne , &c. gun-ne , nun-ne , &c. 3. That all Adverbs which end in lie , as bodile , merrilie , sadlie , &c. shold be written with y , as bodily , merrily , sadly , &c. wherby a letter is sav'd , and strangers will not be subject to read them bodili-e , merrili-e , &c. 4. That such words as end in tle , kle , sle , &c. shold be written with the e before the l , as for Epistle epistel , twinkle twinkel , whissle whissel ; wherb● the word retains still its tru pronunciation , and strangers will not be subject to read those words , epist-le , twink-le , whiss-le , &c. 5. That in such words as end in eare the e shold be omitted , as Beare bear , feare fear , deare dea● , forbeare forbear , &c. wherby Forreners will not be subject to read them Bear-e , fear-e , forbear-e , &c. As also words 6. That these Monosyllables me , she , be , he , ye , &c. shold be written mee , shee , bee , yee , hee ; and so be read as they are pronounc'd . And that in those words which end in ue , the e also shold be left out , as true , blue , crue , due , &c. they shold be written tru , blu , cru , du , &c. 7. That in words ending in gh the g shold be left out , as Chough chouh , cough couh , trough trouh , &c. wherby the Forrener will pronounce it more easily . As likewise in words ending in ght the g shold be left out , as bright briht , fight fiht , height heiht , might miht , &c. which will render them more easie to the Forrener , and save a letter . 8. That the superfluous p shold be left out in many words , as Consumption consumtion , presumption presumtion , assumption assumtion , &c. and the b also in doubt , and the i in Parliament may well be omitted . 9. C might well be spared when it comes before k , as fickle fikle , pickle pikle , tickle tikle , &c. f●r the word retains still its full sound . 10. That in these words some , done , summe , come , &c. e were left out , for forreners read them as if they made two syllables , so-me , do-ne , co-me , &c. As also words ending in arre , as warre , barre , jarre , &c. which may be very well writ , war , bar , jar , &c. 11. In those words which end in tt , the late●t may be well omitted , as Witt wit , hitt hit , bi tt bit , committ comit , &c. As also most words ending ●n ll , the later l may be spared , as Bell bel , fell fel , tell tel , mongrell mongrel , &c. and the sound of the wo●● remains as full . Herunto may be added all Infinitif Moods terminating in erre , as conferre , referre , deferre , where the last re is superfluous , and may be writ as well confer , defer , refer , &c. 12. That words in eare and in ease shold leave the a , as for Feare fere , for teare tere , &c. for pleasure plesure , leasure lesure : and then Forreners will not be subject to read them fe-are , te-are , ple-asure , le-asure , &c. Ther is a Maxim in Logic , that Frustra fit per plura , qucd fieri potest per pauciora , More is too much when fewer will serve : and as this Rule holds in all things els , so it may well do in Orthography . They say abroad , that none write better Latin then the English , and none pronounce it worse ; This proceeds principally from the odd prolation of i , which all other Nations pronounce like ee , as Nisi neesee , tibi teebee ; which the English doth not iu many words , and hee shold not do amisse to frame his mouth in pronouncing Latin after that sound . Ther is a Solaecism us'd in English , in putting the word most before a Superlatif , ( as if any thing could be higher then the Superlatif ) as most highest , most brightest , &c. You is also us'd wher yee shold be , as you Gentlemen of the Iury , wheras yee Gentlemen , &c. is the tru English ; for you in the Nominatif case shold relate but to one person , and yee to many ; though you in all the other cases serves for both . The English also is censur'd abroad for putting the Adjectif before the Substantif , as white bread , &c. as also for proposing Questions negatively , which he shold do affirmatively , as Were you never in France ? you have not bin in France , Sir ? &c. wheras we shold say , Were you ever in France ? have you bin in France , Sir ? An affirmatif being held more noble then the negatif . I hope I shall not incur a Praemunire ( among the discreeter sort ) for my temerity in pointing at these particulars , which , if we could obtain leave of ( that great Tyrant ) Custom , to reform both in Ortography and speking , it wold ( humbly under favor ) be nere the worse for our Language . The English hath som things ( that other Toungs have not ) which tends much to the advantage and ease of the Forren Lerner , for all Verbs terminat alike in the singular and plural , through all the Moods , except in the second and third person singular . Ther be divers words that are both masculin and feminin , without change of any letter , as frend , neighbor , cosen , gossip , &c. The English also hath two Comparatifs , and two Superlatifs for most Adjectifs , ( which other Languages have not ) as Devout , devouter or more devout , devoutest or most devout ; strong , stronger or more strong , strongest or most strong . She hath also a shorter way of expression in divers words , as once , twice , thrice ; which the Spanish , French and Italian cannot do but by two words , viz. one time , two times , three times , una vez , une fois , una volta , &c. Lastly , the English Adjectifs have but one nomber , which is the singular , that serves for both , as a black pudding , black puddings ; a fair maid , fair maids ; hansom whore , hansom whores , &c. Touching the Premises let the Reder observe this Exampel . The Warre which beganne in Bohemia , foretolde by that fatall Comete in the yeare , 1618. ( and by the intemperance of the Calviniste and the Jesuite ) was directlie or collaterallie the cause of all the confusions which happened in Christendome ever since ; it brought the Swede into Germanie , ( like a colde Snake into ones bosome ) whoe did soe harasse the whole Countrey , and soe pittifullie grinde the faces of the poore People , that they have not recovered their right Countenances to this verie daye in manie places . The same written as 't is commonly pronounc'd . The War which began in Bohemia , foretold by that fatal Comet in the yeer , 1618. ( and by the intemperance of the Calvinist and the Iesuit ) was directly or colateraly the cause of all the confusions which happen'd in Cristendom ever since : it brought the Swed into Germany , ( like a cold Snake into ones bosom ) who did so harasse the whole Cuntry , and so pitifully grind the faces of the poor Peepel , that they have not recovered their right Countenances to this very day in many places . In this short Exampel ther are above 27. letters sav'd , and the words made fit to be pronounc'd by any Forrener being written as they are utter'd : Now , as ther was a hint given before , He doth his native Toung a good office , who finds a way to spread her abroad , and make her better known to the world . And so much ( yet ) of the English Grammar . Gramatica DE LA LENGUA EspañolA ò CASTELLANA . Con un Discurso conteniendo la Perambulaciòn de España y Portugàl . A Grammar of the Spanish or Castilian Toung . With a Discours containing the Perambulation of Spain and Portugal ; which may serve for Directions how to travel throuh both Cuntres . El Abolengo de la Lengua Española ò Castellana . LA Lengua Española hà la Latina por su madre , y la Arabiga ò la Lengua Morisca por su madrasta : En uno de sui Apellidos toma el nombre de la primera , porque ella se llama Romance , como habla vm Romance , quieredezir Español ? y parece gloriar se desta decendencia , porque ella haze sus diligencias cada dia de estrechar la afinidad que tiene con la Latina : Mientras que la Italiana y la Francesa esfuerçanse de allexarse della , teniendo cierta ambicion de hazerse Lenguas de por si , y no Dialectos : esta es la razon porque sentencias enteras se pueden formar , que serian buen Latino , y buen Español ; lo que no se puede haçer en Italiano ò Francès , aunque ellas tambien sean hijas de la Latina . La Español se puede dezir de aver la lengua Morisca por su madrasta , porque los Moros , por la infame trayciòn del Conde Don Julian , qui los introduxo para vengarse de Don Rodrigo , qui era entonces Rey de España , por aver desvirgado su Hija Doña Cava : digo que los Moros teniendo firme possessiòn de la mayor parte de España cerca de 700. años ; Aviendo tan larga coaliciòn pegaron muchos de sus vocablos en la lengua Española ; los quales se pueden facilmente distinguìr de los qui se derivan de la Latina , porque ordinariamente comiençan con al , x , y z ; ò fenecen con x , como Alcalde , Alcayde , Alguazil , Almoxarife , Xaràl , Xarcias , Xopaypas , Zorro , Zurrana , Zurrador , Guadix , &c. Agora la Morisca bien se puede llamàr madrasta a la lengua Española por aver la corrumpido d● una pronunciacion mas aspera y gutural , como consta en g , i , x precediendo , ò atrassando tales Vocales ; como se hallarà en la Gramatica siguiente . Màs por dezir la verdàd , la primera y maternal lengua de España es la Bascuença , ò la lengua de Cantabria , el qual vocablo denominava toda la España en los siglos atras : Yes cosa observable , que ni los Romanos , ni los Godos , ni los Moros pudieron conquistar la Biscaya ; por tanto parecen de tener gran correspondencia en muchas cosas con los antiguos Bretones de Ingalatierra , ( los de la tierra de Gale● ) porque como ellos ( con su lenguaje ) son sin duda l●s primeros habitantes de esta Isla , y connaturales con ella ; Assi son los Cantabros ò Biscaynos de España : De suerte quando algunos dellos aya de ser Cavallero del abito , no se haze alguna buscadura ò diligencia si esta limpio de la sangre de Moros , ni de su hidalguia . No ay sobre la redondez de la Tierra alguna lengua ●as llana y facil a aprender , qui la Castellana , porque pronuncia siempre la palabra entera , sin admitir algunos Apostrofos : Pero la causa que algunas sylabas son escabrosas y gargantiles fue la mescla , y la conversacion que tuvieron los Españoles con los Moriscos tantos siglos como fue dicho , y esto hà rendido la pronunciacion mas difficultosa al Forestiero : De suerte que estiman a el de aver alcançado la lengua qui sabra bien pronunciàr este Refran gargantil : Abeja y Oveja , y Piedra que rabeja , Y pendola tras Oveja , y lugàr en la Ygreja , Dessea a Hijo la vieja . A Bee in the hive , and a sheep in the fold , A stone that doth whirl , and an ear-ring of gold , A place in the Church , is all the boon The good old wife doth wish her son . The Pedigree of the Spanish or Castilian Toung . THe Spanish or Castilian Toung hath the Latin for her mother , and the Arabic or Morisco Toung for her step-mother : She bears the name of the first in one of her Appellations , for somtimes she calls her self Romance , as habla vm Romance , do you speak Spanish ? and it seems she glories to be so well decended , for she endevors daily to have the neerest affinity she can with the Latin ; while the Italian and French do labor to eloniat themselfs , and keep at a further distance from the Latin , having a kind of ambition to be Toungs of themselfs , and not Dialects : this is the reson that whole sentences may be made which will be good Latin & good congruous Spanish , ( as I have shew'd els wher ) which cannot be don in Italian or French , though they also descend from the Latin. The Spanish may be said to have for a kind of step-mother the Morisco Language , because the Moors ( by the infamous trechery of the Conde Don Iulian , who brought them over to revenge himself of the then King of Spain Don Rodrigo , for deflow●ing his daughter Cava , ) I say , the Barbarians or Moors having kept firm footing in Spain about 700. years , by so long a coalition they insinuated , or as it were indented and pegg'd divers of their words into the Spanish Toung ; which may be easily distinguish'd from those that are deriv'd from the Latin , for they commonly begin with al , x , or z ; or end in x , as Alcalde a Judg , Alcayde a Gaoler , Alguazìl a Serjeant or Baylif , Almoxarife a Receiver of customs , Xaral a Thicker , Xarcias the tacklings of a Ship , Xopaypas Fritters , Xabon Sope , Zorro a wolf , Zurrana a Pigeon , Zurrador a Tanner , Guadix a Town , &c. Now the Morisco may be well call'd a stepmother to the Spanish Toung , because she hath corrupted her with a more rugged and guttural pronunciation , as appears in g , i , x preceding , and followlowing som Vowels , as will appeer in the ensuing Grammar . But the truth is , that the first and maternal Toung of Spain is the Bascuence , or the language of Cantabria , which word in Ages past denominated the whole Countrey : And observable it is , how neither Roman , Goth or Moor could conquer Biscay ; in so much that ther is a great analogy 'twixt the ancient Britons in England call'd Welshmen , and the Biscayners ; for as They ( and their language ) without controversy are the first inhabitants of this Island , and as it were connatural with Her : So the Cantabrians or Biscayners are of Spain ; in so much that when any of that Countrey is to be made Knight of any of the three habits , ther is no scrutiny made of his Gentility , or whether he be cleer of Morisco bloud , as is us'd before others are dubb'd . Ther is not any language among men so plain and easie to be learnt as the Castilian ; for she pronounceth alwayes the whole word without admitting any Apostrop hes : Now the reason why som syllables are cragged and throaty , is the mixture and conversation the Spaniards had so many ages with the Moors , as was said before , which hath rendred the pronunciation more difficult to strangers ; so that he is thought to have attained the language to som perfection , who can well pronounce this old throaty Adage in Spanish , viz. Abeja y Oveja , y Piedra que rabeja , Y pendola tras Oveja , y lugàr en la Ygreja , Dessea a Hijo la vieja . A Bee in the hive , and a sheep in the fold , A stone that doth whirl , and an ear-ring of gold , A place in the Church , is all the boon The good old wife doth wish her son . A Grammar of the Spanish or the Castilian Toung . Of the Spanish Alphabet . THe Spanish Alphabet consists of the same , and the same nomber of Letters as the English doth , k onely excepted , which is supplied by c , and somtimes by q , as Kalendar Calendario , Kintall Quintal . Now the difficulty and difference , which if found in the Spanish Toung , is the pronunciation of these nine letters , b , ç , d , g , j , ll , ñ , x , z ; which have a differing prolation in many words . The first is b which often degenerats into v , as Barba remojada medio rapada , A Beard wetted is half shav'd : where the second b is pronounc'd like v , as if it were written barva ; bandera or vandera a banner , bobo or bovo a fool , &c. but when b comes before any of the Liquid Consonants , l , m , n , r , it retains constantly the sound of b , as lumbre light , hablar to speak , &c. The second is ç call'd C cedilla , which comes not but before a , o , u , and then 't is pronounc'd like s , as çampoña a Shepherds pipe , quiça it may be , 〈◊〉 lame , çurrador a tanner , &c. and this C cedilla is seldom or never under a great C. The thi●d is g , which oftentimes degenerats to Ishota , as lenguage lenguaje , a language ; page paje , a page ; which are pronounc'd both alike superficially from the Throat , or like the aspiration h , as if they were written lenguahe , pahe ; but they have this guttural pronunciation only before e and i , before a , o , u , they are pronounc'd as in English. And somtimes g turns to x , as tigeras tixeras , a pair of Sheers , &c. The fourth is j call'd Ishota , as jamas never , jerigonça gibberish , joya a jewel , hijo a son , Iuev●s Thursday , &c. which are pronounc'd in the throat as the former g. But i in general must be pronounc'd in Spanish , as eè in wèe , thee ; as Ni olla sin ●ocino , ni Sermon sin Agustino , Nor an ollia without Bacon , nor a Sermon without Saint Austin . The fift is ll , which is pronounc'd as in French like ll in fille , the second l turning into i , as En casae llena presto se guisa la cena , In a full house Supper is soon dress'd ; where llena is pronounc'd as if it were liena : so in llorar to weep , liorar ; llevar to carry , lievar ; lluvia rain , liuvia . But great care must be taken that the l and i with the next Vowel be pronounc'd as one syllable , making a kind of Dipthong , as Quien no hà visto Sevilla no hà visto maravilla , Who hath not seen Sevill he hath not seen wonders ; wher the last l being turned into an i , as Sevilia , maravilia , the lia must be pronounc'd as one syllable l●a : and so in Mundo Mundillo nacido en Bilbao muerto en Bustillo , Such is the world , born in Lancaster dead in London . The sixth is ñ , call'd N tilde or contilde , which is pronounc'd as if i also immediatly follow'd , as Viña , niña , peral , y havar malas cosas de guardar , A Vine , a Child , a Pear-tree , and a Bean-field are hard to be kept : wher viña and niña must be pronounc'd as if they were written vinia , ninia . The seventh is u , which often degenerats into a Consonant in Spanish , ( as in all other Languages ) and then she hath a different clos'd caracter , as v : being still a Vowel u is pronounc'd as oo , as Pan reziente , y uvas , a las moças ponen mudas , y a las viejas quitan las arrugas , New bread and grapes paints young womens faces , and takes away wrinkles from the old ; wher 's uvas and mudas are pronounc'd as if they were written oovas , moodas . The next is x , which is pronounc'd also in the throat , as Xaramago y tocino manjar de hombre mesquino , Wild Radish and Bacon is the food of a miserable man : Xabonar cabeça de asno es perdimiento de xabòn , To wash an Asses head is throwing away of Sope : where x is pronounc'd in the throat like g and Ishota , as was formerly said . And indeed he that will pronounce well these three letters in Spanish , must pronounce them as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , which the old Britains in England do pronounce more naturally than any other Euro●ean Nation : And I have observed , that a guttural pronunciation is the mar● of the antiquity of a Language , for the Hebre● with her Dialects , the Chaldaic , Syriac and Arabic with all the Oriental and Southern Languages , besides the Greek , do so . Z is pronounc'd somtimes as the English pronounce it , as azul blu , azemila a great mule ; but somtimes she turns to c , and then she is pronounc'd more rudely , as hazer hacer , &c. G coming before n is not pronounc'd in Spanish , as digno worthy , significar to signifie , are pronounc'd dino , sinificar ; signar to signe , sinar , &c. Gue and gui , que and qui found in words , are pronounc'd in Spanish as large as the letters will bear , as Aguelo a Granfather , garguero the throat , &c. quento , cinquenta fifty , &c. which the Italian and French do not , but contract them , ghe ghi , che chi : but som are excepted , as quinientos five hundred , quasi almost , which are pronounc'd kinjentos , casi , &c. but especially que and qui , which are pronounc'd ke and ki , &c. The letter d hath a differing pronunciation in Spanish from other Toungs , for most commonly 't is pronounc'd meltingly , as th in that or the , as Hombre narigudo pocas vezes cornudo , A long-nos'd man is seldom a Cuckold : which must be pronounc'd , Hombre narigutho poca● vezes cornutho . HAving don with the Alphabet , we com now to Syllables , and dictions or words , and first of the Spanish Articles , which are subservient to the declining of all words that are capable of declension , for ther is no other means to know the variation of ●●ses otherwise : now ther are in Spanish three Articles , the Masculin , the Feminin , and the Neuter , which are declin'd thus : The Masculin Article is declin'd thus : Singular . Plural . Nom. El , the Los , the Gen. del , of the de los , from the Dat. al , to the a los , to the Accus . el ò a el , the los ò a los , the Abl. del , from the de los , from the. The Feminin Article is declin'd thus . Singular . Plural . Nom. La , the Las , the Gen. de la , of the de las , of the Dat. a la , to the a las , to the Accus . la ò a la , the las ò a las , the Abl. de la , from the de las , from the. The Neuter thus : Singular . Nom. lo , the Gen. de lo , of the Dat. a lo , to the Accus . lo , the Abl. de lo , from the It is to be observed that this Neuter Article hath no Plural , nor can it be applied to any Noun either masculin or feminin , but it seems to be rather a Demonstratif Pronoun , for ther are no Neuter Nouns in the Spanish . The Article El is alwayes put before Nouns of the masculin gender , beginning with a Vowel or Consonant , as el libro the book , el pecho the breast , el ayre the air , &c. And somtimes it comes before Feminins , specially before such as begin with a , to avoid too much gaping , as el alma the soul , el agua the water ; not la alma , nor la agua ; as also to avoid Apostrophes , which the Spanish hates . This Article el becomes somtimes le at the end of a word , and so is ranvers'd : but it becomes so only at the end of Imperati● Moods , as matadle kill him , abraçadle imbrace him ; which are pronounc'd matalde , abraçalde , by postposing the d to the l. The Spaniards have a peculiar mode of speking to one in the second person , using this Article el and le insteed of vos you ; for they hold vos you , to be a mean manner of speking , and use it towards their Inferiors , and is little better esteem'd then tu thou ; as Si el hardesto , if you will do this : quiere cenar comigo ? will you sup with mee ? wheras the words import , if hee will do this , will hee sup with me : Insomuch that the Spaniard herein is higher in complement then the French or Italian , who commonly use you ; in lieu wherof the Spaniard useth frequently the third person hee and him , shee and her . But el is often o●itted , being included in the Verb , which is of the third person , as hà comido , have you din'd ? wheras it is meant hà el comido . In other cases except the Nominatif le is us'd , as Yo le digo , I tell you , wheras the tru sense is , I tell him . The Spaniard hath another mode of complement by these two words , vuestra merced your favor , which they generally use insteed of you , and it is above el the third person formerly spoken ; som pronounce it at length , vuestra merced , som vuesa mercè , som vosastè , som vueste ; but in writing two letters only stand for it , viz. VM . as Hago brindis a VM . I drink to you : Embio a VM . con el portadòr desta , I send you by the berer herof . Yet the Italian surpasseth the Spaniard herin in point of complement , for in lieu of vuestra merced your favor , he useth vostra signoria your Lordship at every word , applying it to every ordinary Gentleman , as Fo brindesi a vostra signoria , I drink to you ; which two words in writing hee expresseth only by VS . as Poco fa chio scrissi a VS . I writ to you lately . The Feminin Article la comes alwayes before feminin Nouns , as la cabeça the head , la yglesia the Church ; but el takes place before words before words beginning with a , as 't was said before , as el ama the nurse . Lo , though it cannot properly be call'd an Article , because ther are no Neuter Substantifs in the Spanish , yet it comes before Adjectifs , and then it hath the power to turn them to Substantifs , as Lo bueno que yo recebia , the good which I receav'd ; lo malo que me hizo dios se le perdone , the ill which you did me God forgive you . It comes also very often before and after Verbs , and then somtimes it is a Relatif , somtimes Demonstratif , as lo digo a VM . de veras , I tell it you in good earnest ; or digo lo a VM . de veras : Tengo de hazer lo de buena gana , I will do it willingly . Of Nouns , and their Genders , and Terminations . THer are in Spanish , Nouns masculins , and Nouns feminins : Som end in Vowels , viz. e or o , as lumbre light , renombre renown , Cielo heaven , Infierno hell : and 't is observ'd that ther are but two Nouns feminins which end in o , through all the Spanish Toung , which are mano the hand , nao a ship . But most Noun Substantifs in Spanish end in one of these Consonants d , l , n , r , s , x , y , z : those that end in d have the accent in the last syllable , and their Plurals in es , as Abàd an Abbot , abàdes ; merced a curtesy or favor , mercedes ; virtùd virtùdes vertu . Som terminat in l , and they also have the accent in the last syllable , and the Plural in es , as animal animales , a living creture ; b●t●l a boat , bateles ; badil a Frying-pan , badiles ; caracol a young inail , caracoles ; azùl blu , azules , &c. Som Substantifs end in n , and their Plurals end also in es , as pan bread , almazen a storehouse , celemin a peck , sazon seson , A●un the Tunny fish : whose Plurals are panes , almazenes , celemines , sazones , atunes . And for the most part Sub●tantifs in n have the accent also over the last 〈◊〉 , specially if they end in on , as devociòn , compassiòn , generaciòn , &c. Som Substantifs end in r , and they also have the accent in the last , and also their Plurals in es , as havàr a Bean-field , havares ; mugèr a woman , mugeres ; martìr a martyr , martires ; açor a hawk açores . Som Substantifs terminat in s , and they also most commonly have the accent in the last syllable , and their Plurals in es , as Diòs God , Dioses ; feligrès a parish , feligreses ; mès a month , meses ; montanès a mountaneer , mountañes . Other Substantifs end in x , and they commonly are Morisco words , but they often change the x in the Singular to ges in the Plural , carcax a quiver , carcages ; relox a clock , reloges , &c. Som Substantifs end in y , and they also have their Plurals in es , as ley the law , leyes ; rey a King , reyes ; buey an ox , bueyes . Lastly , som Substantifs end in z , and they also have the accent at the end , and their Plurals in es , as paz peace , pazes ; juèz a judg , juezes ; perdìz a partridg , perdizes ; toz a cough , tozes ; cruz a cross cruzes , &c. Herby it appeers that the Plural of all Spanish Substantifs end in s , and som Singulars end so , but they are very few . Of the Declensions of Nouns substantifs proper and common . IT is to be observ'd that Nouns proper differ from common in two things ; first , they have no Prepositif article , then they have no plural nombers . Examples of proper Nouns . Singular . Singular . Nom. Carlos Charls Catarina Katharine Gen. de Carlos of Charls de Catarina of Katharine Dat. a Carlos to Charls a Catarina to Katharine Accus . Carlos Charls Catarina Katherine Voc. o Carlos to Charls o Catarina o Katharine Abl. de Carlos from Charls . de Catarina from Katharine . Instances in common Nouns . Singular . Plural . Nom. el Cielo Heven Los Cielos the Hevens Gen. del cielo of heven de los cielos of the hevens Dat. al cielo to heven a los cielos to the hevens Accus . el ò al Cielo heven los cielos the hevens Voc. o cielo o heven o cielos o heaven Abl. dal cielo from heven . de los cielos from the hevens . Singular . Plural . Animal a beast Los Animales ganapan a porter los ganapanes pastor a shepherd los pastores relox a watch los reloxes muger a woman . las mugeres . All which must be declin'd according to the example of cielo . Of Noune Adjectifs , and of their Declensions . The Spanish Adjectifs have two terminations , one masculin in o , which changeth into a feminin , as virtuoso virtuosa : The other termination is in e , as valiente , and it signifieth both masculin and feminin , as hombre valiente a valiant man , hembra valiente a valiant woman , cosa grande a great thing : but heed must be taken to this word grande , for coming before a Substantif that begins with a Consonant , it loseth de , as grancosa , gran Bretaña , &c. but grand becomes a Substantif it self somtimes , as un Grande de España , a high Peer or Grande of Spain , who are permitted to cover themselfs before the King , but when hee speaks to them , or they to him . The same holds in bueno and malo , good bad , in the Masculin gender , and when it comes before Substantifs of the masculin only , as tiempo bueno , buen tiempo a good time ; hombre malo , mal hombre an ill man. This abridgment holds also in tanto and quanto , before Adjectifs and Adverbs , and somtimes before Substantifs , as tan rico so rich , tan glorioso so glo●ious , tan tarde so late , tan temprano so early ; quan admirable how admirable , quan bien habla vm , how well do you speak ? but when tanto and quanto come before these Adverbs mas , menos , more , lesse , they are pronounc'd whole , as also before mayor greter , menor lesser , as Quanto mas yo le respeto , tanto menos me quiere , The more I respect him , the lesser hee loves mee . Before the Nouns Comparatifs they also keep their whole length , as Quanto mejor es el vino , tanto mas se beve , The better the wine , the more 't is drunk : quanto mayor es el hombre , tanto menor es s● seguridad , The greter the man is , the lesser is his security . The Spaniards have a peculiar Idiom , to use que tanto for quanto in Inter●ogations , as que tanto es del mes ? what day of the months is it ? que tanto ay de Londres a Lancastra ? how far is it from London to Lancaster ? The article lo is joyn'd to Neuter Adjectifs , and then it becomes a kind of Substantif , as seas contento con lo tuyo , y no busques lo ageno , Be contented with thine own , and seek not what is anothers . Possessif Neuters are made of the Pronouns , lo mio , lo tuyo , lo suyo , lo nu●stro , mine , thine , his or hers , ours , yours ; as Necio es qui pierde lo suyo , He is a fool who loseth his own : Dios me haga contento con lo mio , God make me contented with mine own . Of the words mucho , poco , harto ; much , little , enough . Mucho and poco , though they be Adverbs of quantity , yet they become somtimes Nouns Neuters , as Lo mucho que Dios me hà dado , The much that God hath given mee : Lo poco que le pago , The little which I pay him . They are somtimes Adjectifs before inanimated Substantifs , but only in the singular , as Mucho vino emborracha , much wine makes one drunk : mucho azeyte y poeo vinagre hazen buena ensalada , much Oyl and little Vineger make a good Sallet . But in the Plural nomber they are us'd indifferently before any Substantifs , as Muchos componedores cohonden la novia , Many attirers confound the Bride : Portugueses pocos y locos , The Portugueses are few and foolish , &c. Harto enough , is somtimes an Adverb , as Ay harto , si no ay demasiado , Ther is enough , if ther be not too much . Somtimes 't is an Adjectif , as De●pues de harta ca●●a Marta , Martha is merry when she hath enough : Hartos ducados tiene qui se contenta , He hath Crowns enough who is contented . Of the Spanish Diminutifs . THe Spanish is more copious for Diminutifs then other Languages : Som end in illo illa , ico ica , ito ita ; as capitanillo a little Captain , mugercilla or mugercita a little woman , loquillo loquilla , or loquito loquita a little fool , &c. Som end in elo ela , as borrachuelo a little drunkard , moço moçuelo a little boy , a little maid . But in proper names they have Diminutifs , sub-diminutifs , sub-sub-diminutifs , and sub-sub-sub-diminutifs , as Simòn , Simoncico , Simoncicico , Simoncilillo : Francisca , Francisquita , Francisquicita , Francisquililla , &c. Of Numerical Nouns , and of their Terminations . Vno One dos two tres three quatro fower cinco five seys six siete seven ocho eight nueve nine diez ten unze or onze eleven doze twelve treze thirteen catorze fourteen quinze fifteen dezieys sixteen diez y siete seventeen diez y ocho eighteen diez y nueve nineteen veynte twenty veynte y uno one and twenty veynte y dos two and twenty , and so taking the single nombers aforesaid all along . Treynta Thirty Treynta y uno one and thirty , and so taking the single nombers aforesaid . quarenta forty quarenta y uno one and forty , and so taking the single nombers aforesaid . cinquenta fifty sesenta sixty setenta seventy ochenta eighty noventa ninety noventa y uno ninety one , and so taking the single nombers aforesaid . Ciento a hundred dozientos 2 hundred trezientos 3 hundred quatrocientos 4 hundred quinientos 5 hundred seys cientos 6 hundred setecientos 7 hundred ocho cientos 8 hundred novecientos 9 hundred Mil a thousand dos mil 2 thousand tres mil 3 thousand , &c. Cien mil 100 thousand dozientos mil 200 thousand quinientos mil 500 thousand un millon or un cuento a million dos millones two millions , &c. millar a million of millions . Observe that this word ciento a hundred , being to be put before a word it loseth the last syllable to , as cien millones a hundred millions , cien soldados a hundred Soldiers , not ciento soldados : and somtimes it becomes a kind of Substantif , as un ciento de hombres a hundred of men , but then un goes before . Numbers are of two kinds , cardinal , as those which went before , and ordinal numbers , which are Adjectifs , as follows : Primero the first segundo the second tercero the third quarto the fourth quinto the fift sexto the sixt septimo or set ●●no the seventh . octavo the eight nono or no veno the ninth decimo or dezeno the tenth . Som stop here the ordinal number , and take the cardinal number to go higher , as soldado onze the eleventh soldier ; yet these five are admitted , onzeno the eleventh , dozeno the twelf , trezeno the thirtinth , catorzeno the fourtinth , quinzeno the fiftinth ; but after , the cardinal number , one , two , three , &c. then you must proceed to vieynteno or vigesimo the twentith , treynteno or trigesimo the thirtith , quarenteno or quadragesimo the fortith , cinquenteno or quinquagesimo and cinquentesimo the fiftith , sesenteno or sexagesimo and sesentesimo the sixtith , setenteno or setentesimo the seventith , ochenteno or octuagesimo and ochentesimo the eightith , noventeno or noventesimo and nonagesimo the ninetith , centeno or centesimo the hundreth . But it is to be observ'd that primo and tercio , not primero and tercero come after vigesimo and the rest . Of Pronouns . PRonouns are certain words which supply the room of Nouns , and they serve only to demonstrat the person or thing without naming of it . Ther are divers sorts of Pronouns , as Primitif , Possessif , demonstratif , derivatif , relatif , and reciprocal Pronouns : the Primitif have three persons , which are yo , tu , de si that hath no Nominatif ; yo is thus declin'd : Singular . Plural . Nom. Yo I No ò nosotros we Gen. de mi of mee de vos ò vosotros of us Dat. a mi to mee a nos ò nosotros to us Accus . me mee nos ò nosotros us Abl. de mi from mee . de nos ò nosotros from us . Singular . Plural . Nom. Tu Thou Vos ò vosotros Yee Gen. de ti of thee de vos ò vosotros of you Dat. a ti to thee a vos ò vosotros to you Accus . te thee vos ò vosotros you Voc. o tu o thou o vos ò vosotros o you Abl. de ti from thee de vos ò vosotros from y. The Singular is the same both for masculin and feminin , but os is turn'd to as in the feminin Plurals of nosotros and vosotros , as nosotras as vosotras , but nos and vos by themselfs serve for both genders . Mi and tu coming before the Substantifs turn to Possessifs Pronouns , as mi espada my sword , tu sombrero thy hat . Nos implying greatnes or dignity , comes before proper names of the singular number , as No Don Carlos por la gracia de Dios Rey dela gran Bretaña , &c. Vos us'd in Spanish in speking to a person is held as mean as thou : with a preposition vos is us'd , as no digo mal de vos , I speak no hurt of you ; morirè por vos , I will dy for you , &c. but after any other Noun it turns to os , as yo os digo , I tell you : as also coming to the end of a word , as quiero hablaros la verdad , I will tell you the truth . The Pronoun de si himself , hath no Nominatif nor Plural , and is delcin'd thus : Gen. De si of himself Dat. a si to himself Accus . se himself Abl. de si from himself . Ther is an observable phrase in Spanish , Que serà de mi ? que serà de ti ? What will become of mee ? what will become of thee ? Mismo or mesmo my self , is us'd after all the three persons through all the cases , adding s to the Plural . Singular . Plural . Nom. Yo mismo or mesmo I my self . Nosotros mismos wee ourselfs Gen. de mi mesmo of my self de nosotros mismos of our selfs Dat. a mi mesmo to my self . a nosotros mismos to our selfs Accus . mi mesmo my self nosotros mismos wee our selfs Abl. de mi mesmo from my self de nosotros mismos from our selfs Singular . Plural . Nom. Tu mismo thou thy self Vosotros mismos yee your selfs selfs Gen. de si mismo of thy self , and so through all cases . de vosotros mismos of your selfs selfs , and so through all cases . Singular . Plural . Nom. El mesmo hee himself Ellos mesmos they themselfs Gen. de si mesmo of himself , and so through all cases . de si mismos of themselfs , and so through all cases . The Spaniards use proprio or propio insteed of mismo , as yo proprio I my self , tu proprio thou thy self , ella propria she her self , de si propio of himself , &c. The Pronoun El is declin'd thus : Singular . Plural . Nom. El hee Ellos they Gen. del of him dellos of them Dat. al to him a ellos to them Accus . el him ellos them Abl. del from him . dellos from them . Ella she , and ellas they , are declin'd after the same manner . Of Pronouns Possessifs . Mio Mine , tuyo thine , suyo his , nuestro ours , vuestro yours , with their feminins in a , are call'd Pronouns Possessifs ; but before a Substantif they turn to mi , tu , su , as mi capa my cloke , tu guante thy glove , su libro his book . Lo , being put before mio , tuyo or suyo , make them a kind of Substantifs , as mi cuydado es de guardar lo mio , my care is to keep mine own : tu cuydado serà de asseguarar lo tuyo , thy care must be to secure ●●ine own : su amo bien guarda lo suyo , his master looks well to his own . Su is somtimes us'd in Spanish for la , and 't is only us'd in Spanish , as vi que notenia su firma del Autor , I saw it bore not the signature of the Author . Cuyo and cuya whose , are Pronouns possessifs , but the Italian and French have none such , and commonly they are put before Interrogatifs , as cuya ropilla es esta , whose coat is this ? cuyo cavallo es aquel , whose horse is that ? Cuyo and cuya are also us'd as Relatifs in the middle of sentences , as guay aquel hijo cuyo padre va al Parayso , Wo be to that son whose father goes to heven : saluda la muger a cien passos lexos , cuyos cabellos son roxos , salute a hundred paces off that woman who hath red hair . Ther are Demonstratif Pronouns , as este or esta this , esse or essa that same , aquel or aquella hee , shee or that : ther is also aqueste and aquesse , which sigfies the same as este esse , but not so much us'd . Este declin'd . Singular . Plural . Nom. este or estae this Estos or estas these Ge. de este or deste of this de estos or destos of these Dat. a este to this a estos to these Accus . este or a este this estos these Abl. deste or desta from this . de esto or destos from these . Esse or essa , aqueste or aquesse this very same are declin'd alike . No. aquel or aquella that aquellos those Gen. de aquel of that de aquellas of those Dat. a aquel of that a aquellos to those Accus . aquel that aquellos those Abl. de aquel from that de aquellos from those . Observe that esto this , esso this very thing , aquello ello that , are Neuters , and so have no Plurals . The Pronouns este and esse are joyn'd often to otro , and then the e is lost , yet they never use the note of Apostrophe , as estotro hombre this other man , estotra muger this other woman : and so essotro is us'd . Ther are two Pronouns which have no singular number , viz. ambos ambas , entrambos entrambas , wherunto one may adde ambos and dos , all which signifie Both or both together : as Querria que entrambos veniessen aca , y yo os emoregare entrambos sus obligaciones , pero si no veneys ambos no tengo de darse las , por tanto digo que ambos ambos juntos , que serà por la ventaja de entrambos : I could wish that you both came hither , and I will deliver you both your bonds , but if you com not together , I will not deliver them , therfore I say that you com both of you , and it will be for the advantage of both . Of Pronouns Relatifs . Ther are three other Pronouns Relatifs , viz. quien , que , qual , as quien canta , who sings ? que is what or that , que es esto , what is this ? el cavallero que yo digo , the Gentleman which I speak of : qual in sense is the same as que , as qual hombre puede digerir esto , what man can digest this ? Que hath no Plural , as quien and qual have , as quien es aquel hidalgo , who is that Gentleman ? quien es son aquellos mercaderes , who are those merchants ? but quien in the singular is counted more elegant , as quien son ellos mercaderes ? Qual hath los or las before it in the Plural , as Las donzellas las quales yo saludava , the maids which I saluted : los soldados los quales yo nombrava , the soldiers which I numbred . In lieu of qual what , and como how , these two words que tal are us'd , which is a pure Spanicism , as que tal est à mi hermano , how doth my brother ? que tal se halla mi madre , how doth my mother ? as que tanto is us'd for quanto , which is also a pure Spanicism , as que tantas leguas ay entre Londres y Glocestra , how many miles are ther 'twixt London and Glocester ? que tanto ha que VM . hà buelto del palacio , how long is it that you have returned from Court ? wherof wee gave instances before . To these Relatif Pronouns quien and qual ther is often adjoyn'd quier and quiera , which of themselfs are Verbs , as quienquiera , qualquier whosoever , as Hablarè Castellano con qualquier hombre que sea , I will speak Spanish with any man whatsoever . Somtimes que quiera is us'd for Whatsoever , as que quier a que digan las gentes a ti mismo para mientes , whatsoever they say of thee take heed to thy self● Roma es la patria de qualquiera , Rome is any mans count●y . Of me , te , se , the Reciprocal Pronouns . Me and te serve Ve●bs oftentimes in the Datif case , as Di me con quien andas , y dezirte h● quien ere 's , Tell mee with whom thou dost keep company , and I will tell thee who thou art : somtimes they serve in the Accusatif , as no me trates en esta suerte , do not use me thus . Se comes also before or after Verbs , as el se va , hee goes away : vase VM . a Londres , do you go to London ? no me voy , I go not . Somtimes for a fuller signification me and te follows se very often , as que se me da a mi , which form of speking is a pure Spanicism , and cannot be englished verbatim but thus , What have I to do with it , what care I for it ? que se le da a el , what doth hee care for it ? se me da mucho , it concerns mee much : Deve algo para pascua , y hazerte se ha la quaresma corta , Borrow mony to be paid at Easter , and Lent will seem short unto thee . Se , is very often us'd in the Datif case before the article lo , as Preste me su espada , y yo se la bolvere incontinente , Lend mee your sword , and I will return it speedily : yo se lo dire , I will tell it you : yo se lo dare , I will give it you : yo se lo embiare , I will send it you . Ther is also another mixture 'twixt se , me and te , and le and lo doth associat often with them , as quien ere 's que tu te me vendes por tan discreto , who art thou that makest thy self so wise ? or according to the words , That sellest thy self unto mee for such a wise man ? which kind of phrase is a Spanicism : no se le da nada , he cares not for it : madre mia a donde os me llevan , O my mother , whither do they carry you from mee ? The Particles mi , ti , si , do joyn oftentimes with the preposition con , and with go , as comigo with mee , contigo with thee , consigo with himself , as Cada Frances lleva un frenetico consigo , Every Frenchman carries a madman about him . Andad comigo oy , & yo yrè contigo mañana , Go with mee to day , and I will go with thee to morrow . Of Verbs . WEE are com now to the Verbs , which may be calld the ligaments or great arteries which tie words and sentences together : Ther are in Spanish three Conjugations of Verbs , the first in ar , the second ending in er , and the third in ir : Ther are also Verbs Actif , Passif , Neuters and Impersonals , and they are declin'd by five Moods as in other languages ; The Indicatif or demonstratif , the Imperatif or Mood of command , the Optatif or wishing Mood , the Conjunctif and Infinitif Mood . Ther are two subservient or auxiliary Verbs , without which no other can be thoroughly form'd , and they are Aver to have , ser to be , therfore wee must first conjugat these two Verbs , before wee treat of the other , but because Yo he I have , and yo tengo I hold , are often confounded , and of the same sense before other Verbs , we will conjugat them together . The Indicatif Mood . Present tense . Yo he Yo tengo I have tu has tu tienes thou hast aquel ha el tiene hee hath nosotros hemos ò havemos tenemo wee have vosotros heys ò aveys teneys yee have aquellos han . tienaen . they have . Preterperfact tense . Yo havia ò avia Tenia I had tu avias tenias thou hadst el avia tenia hee had nos haviàmos teniamos wee had vos aviades teniades yee had ellos avian . tenian . they had . Perfect tense . Yo huve ò uve Tuve I had tu uviste ò oviste tuviste thou hadst el huvo ò ovo tuvo hee had nos uvimos tuvimos wee had vos uvistes tuvistes yee had . ellos uvieron . tuvieron . they had . Perfect indefinit . Yo he avido Tenido I had had tu has avido tenido thou hadst had el ha avido tenido hee had had nos hemos ò avemos avido tenido wee had had vos aveys avido tenido yee had had ellos han avido . tenido . they had had . Future tense . Yo avrè Tendrè ò ternè I shall have tu avràs tendràs ò ternàs thou shalt have el averà tendra ò terna hee shall have nos averemos nos tendremos ò ternemos wee shall have vos avreys vos tendreys ò terneys yee shall have ellos avràn . ellos tendràn ò ternàn . they shall have The Imperatif Mood . Have tu Ten tu Have thou aya el tenga el let him have ayamos tengamos nosotr . let us have haved tengays vosotros let you have ayan . tengan ellos . let them have . The Optatif Mood . Oxala , plega a Dios que , aunque , dado que , como quiera que , puesto que : O that , wold to God that , although , howsoever that , put case that . Yo aya Tenga I had tu ayas tengas thou hadst el aya tenga hee had nos ay●nos tengamos wee had vos ayays tengays yee had ellos ayan . tengan . they had . The Conjunctif Mood . Si , o si : If , o if . Yo uviesse Tuviesse I had tu uviesses tuviesses thou hadst el uviesse tuviesse hee had nos uviessemo● tuviessemos wee had vos uviessedes tuviessdes yee had ellos uviessen . tuviessen . they had . Quando is often us'd in Spanish before the Optatif and Conjunctif Moods , and then it signifies as much as although , or bien que , which is also us'd , as Present tense . Quando , bien que : Though or although . Yo uviesse Tuviesse I had tu uviesses tuviesses thou hadst el uviesse tuviesse hee had nos uviessemos tuviessemos wee had vos uviessedes tuviessedes yee had ellos uviessen . tuviessen . they had . Perfect tense . Oxala , plega a Dios , aunque , puesto que : O that , I wold to God , although , put case that . Yo ay avido Tenido I may have tu ayas avido tenido thou maist have el aya avido tenido hee may have nos ayamos avido tenido wee may have vos ayais avido tenido yee may have ellos ayan avido . tenido they may have . Pluperfect tense . Oxala , o si , aunque , &c. Oh that , although , o if , &c. Yo uviera Tuviera I had had tu uvieras tuviera thou hadst had el uviera tuviera hee had had nos uvieramos tuvier amos wee had had vos uvierades tuvierados yee had had ellos uvieran . tuvieran . they had had . Future tense . Quando , when . Yo uviere Tuviere I shall have tu uvieres tuviere thou shalt have el uviere tuviere hee shall have nos uvieremos tuvieremos wee shall have vos uvieredes tuvieredes yee shall have ellos uvieren . tuvieren . they shall have The Infinitif Mood . Havèr ò avèr Tenèr To have aver avido aver tenido to have had estàr por aver . estàr por tener . to bee to have . Thus wee see that tengo I hold , is us'd oftentimes for the auxiliary Verb Hè , but tengo alludes to the possession of a thing , as tengo cobrado mi dinero , I have recovered my mony : It comes more often after digo then any other Verb , as tengo dicho antes , I have said before , &c. dixo me que yo ternia mi dinero mañana , Hee told mee I shold have my mony to morrow : quando yo le diesse todo quanto tengo , aun no se contentaria , Although I shold give him all that I had , yet I shold not content him . The Conjugation of the Verb , Yo soy I am , and of Yo estoy I am or stand , which although they differ in Variations , yet they are alike oftentimes in Signification , as shall be shew'd further . The Indicatif Mood . Present tense . Yo soy Yo estoy I am tu ere 's tu estas thou art el es el està hee is nos somos estamos wee are vos soys estays yee are ellos son . estan . they are . Imperfect tense ▪ Yo era Estava I was tu eras estavas thou wast el era estava hee was nos eramos estavamos wee were vos erades estavades yee were ellos eran . estavan . they were . Perfect tense . Yo fui Yo estuve I was tu fuiste tu estuviste thou wast el fue estuvo hee was nos fuimos estuvimos wee were vos fuistes estuvistes yee were ellos fueran . estuvieron . they were . Perfect indefinit . Yo he sido Estado I have bin tu has sido estado thou hast bin el ha sido estado hee hath bin nos hemos ò havemos sido estado wee have bin vos aveys sido estado yee have bin ellos han sido . estado . they have bin . Preterpluperfect tense . Yo avia sido Estado I had bin tu avias sido estado thou hadst bin el avia sido estado hee had bin nos aviamos sido estado wee had bin vos aviades sido estado yee had bin ellos avian sido . estado . they had bin . Future tense . Yo serè Yo estarè I shall bee tu seràs tu estaràs thou shalt bee el serà el estarà hee shall bee nos seremos nos estarèmos wee shall bee vos sereys vos estareys yee shall bee ellos seran . ellos estaran . they shall bee . Ther is a second Future tense that belongs to these two Verbs , ( and indeed to most of the rest ) with hè or tengo before the Infinitif Mood . The second Future tense of ser and estar . Yo he ò tengo de ser De estar I shall or must bee tu has ò tienes de ser de estar thou shalt or must bee el ha ò tiene de ser de estar hee shall or must bee nos hemos ò tenemos de ser de estar wee shall or must bee vos aveys ò teneys de ser de estar yee shall or must bee ellos han ò tienen de ser. de estar . they shall or must bee . The Imperatif Mood . Se tu Està tu Bee thou sea el estè el let him bee seamos nos estemos nos let us bee sed vos estad vos bee yee sean ellos . esten ellos . lot them bee . The Optatif and Conjunctif Moods . Present tense . Oxala , plega a Dios que , aunque , puesto , dado que , &c. O that , wold to God that though , put case that , &c. Yo sea Estè I bee tu seas estes thou beest el sea estè hee bee nos seamos estemos wee bee vos seays esteys yee bee ellos sean . esten . they bee . Imperfect tense . Oxala , &c. O that , &c ▪ Yo fuesse Estuviesse I were tu fuesses estuviesses thou werst elfuesse estuviesse hee were nos fuessemos estuviessemos wee were vos fuessedes estuviessedes yee were ellos fuessen . estuviessen . they were . When si if , or o si o if , and quando , when it is taken for Although , comes before these Tenses , they are declin'd alike . Future tense . Yo fuere Estuviere I shall bee tu fueres estuvieres thou shalt bee el fuere estuviere hee shall bee nos fueremos estuvieremos wee shall bee vos fueredes estuvieredes yee shall bee ellos fueren . estuvieren . they shall bee . The Infinitif Mood . Ser Estar To bee aver sido estado to have bin siendo . estando . being . The difference which is 'twixt ser and estar consists chiefly in this , that ser signifies the humor or essence of a thing , as yo soy colerico , I am coleric ; tu ere 's valiente , thou art valiant ; el es piadoso , he is charitable : and so denotes the quality of the Substantif . But yo estoy relates most properly to som local posture , or the being in som place , as yo estoy a pie , I am a-foot ; yo estava entonces en Lisbona , I was then in Lisbon . Estar is much us'd in salutation , and in reference to health , as como esta mi padre , how doth my father ? then answer is made , esta bueno loado sea Dios , he is well praised be God : como esta V M. how do you do Sir ? estoy achacoso , estoy malo , I am sickish , I am ill ; wher it is observable that bueno and malo are us'd in these phrases for Adverbs , viz. for well and ill . The difference 'twixt these two auxiliary Verbs , Yo hè or yo tengo , and yo soy , is this , that the first serve the Participles in the Preter tense of Verbs Actifs , as yo he amado , I have loved ; yo tengo almorzado , I have broke my fast alredy . Besides , yo he is an auxiliary to it self , as yo he avido , I have had ; yo avia avido , I had had , &c. But soy I am , makes Passif Verbs only , as yo soy ensalçado , I am exalted ; yo soy querido , I am lov'd . Observe that tengo serving for auxiliary , makes the Participle and the thing to agree in nomber , as Los donayres que yo tengo contados son graciosos , The jests that I have related are plesant : but yo he doth not so , las hazañas que yo he recitado , the exploits that I have recited : But in the Toscan Italian it doth , as Io ho letta la lettera , I have read the letter ; Io ho pagati i danari , I have paid the monies , &c. Spanish Verbs have their tern inations in ar , er or ir : They in ar are of the first Conjugation , they in er of the second , and they in ir of the third ; wh●rof ther shall be examples of each , and according to them all other Verbs must bee form'd , except Irregulars which shall be spoken of apart . The Variation of Buscar to seek , being of the first Conjugation . The Indicatif Mood . Present tense . Yo Busco I seek tu buscas thou seekst el busca hee seeks nos buscamos wee seek vos buscays yee seek ellos buscan . they seek . Imperfect tense . Yo buscava I did seek tu buscavas thou didst seek el buscava hee did seek nos buscavamos wee did seek vos buscavades yee did seek ellos buscavan . they did seek . Perfect definit . Yo busque I sought tu buscaste thou soughtst el busco hee sought nos buscamos wee sought vo 〈…〉 yee sought 〈…〉 they sought . Perfect indefinit . Yo he buscado I have sought tu has buscado thou hast sought el ha buscado hee hath sought nos hemos buscado wee have sought vos aveys buscado yee have sought ellos han buscado . they have sought . Plusquam perfect . Yo avia buscado I had sought tu avias buscado thou hadst sought el avia buscado hee had sought nos aviamos buscado wee had sought vos aviades buscado yee had sought ellos avian buscado . they had sought . Future tense . Yo buscare I shall or will seek tu buscaras thou shalt or wilt seek el buscara hee shall or will seek nos buscaremos wee shall or will seek vos buscareys yee shall or will seek ellos buscaran . they shall or will seek . The second Future . Yo he ò tengo de buscar I must seek tu has ò tienes de buscar thou must seek el ha ò tiene de buscar hee must seek nos hemos ò tenemos de bu . wee must seek vos aveys ò teneys de bus . yee must seek ellos han de buscar . they must seek . The Imperatif Mood . Busca tu Seek thou busque el let him seek busquemos nosotros let us seek busqueys vosotros seek yee busquen ellos . let them seek . The Optatif and Conjunctif Moods . Present tense . Oxala , aunque , &c. O that , although , &c. Yo busque I may seek tu busques thou maist seek el busque hee may seek nos busquemos wee may seek vos busqueys yee may seek ellos busquen . they may seek . Imperfect tense . Oxala , aunque , o si , si , &c. O that , although , o if , if , &c. Yo bucasse I shold seek tu bucasses thou sholdst seek el bucasse hee shold seek nos bucassemos wee shold seek vos bucassedes yee shold seek ellos bucassen . they shold seek . Pluperfect tense . Oxala , aunque , quando , plega a Dios , &c. O that , although , o if , &c. Yo buscàra I had sought tu buscàras thou hadst sought el buscàra hee had sought nos buscàramos wee had sought vos buscarades yee had sought ellos buscaran . they had sought . The Incertain tense . Aunque , quando , &c. O if , although , &c. Yo buscaria I shold seek tu buscarias thou sholdst seek el buscaria hee shold seek nos buscariamos wee shold seek vos buscariades yee shold seek ellos buscarian . they shold seek . Future tense . Quando , si , &c. When , if , &c. Yo buscàre I shall seek tu buscares thou shalt seek el buscare hee shall seek nos buscarèmos wee shall seek vos buscareys yee shall seek ellos buscaren . they shall seek . The Infinitif Mood . Bu●car To seek aver buscado to have sought aver de buscar being to seek estar por buscar being for to seek buscando . seeking . The declining or sorming of the Verb Holgar to rejoyce or to be glad , which hath most commonly one of these Pronouns me , te , se , mee , thee , him , before or after it , as yo me huelgo , or huelgome I am glad . The Indicatif Mood . Present tense . Yo me huelgo , ò huelgome I am glad tu te huelgas thou art glad el se huelga hee is glad nos nos huelgamos wee are glad vos or holgays yee are glad ellos se huelgan . they are glad . Imperfect tense . Yo holgàva , ò holgavame I was glad tu te holgavas , &c. thou wast glad , &c. Perfect tense . Yo me holguè , ò holgueme I was glad or did rejoice tu te holgaste thou rejoyc'dst el se holgò hee rejoyc'd nos nos holgamos wee rejoyc'd vos os holgastes yee rejoyc'd ellos se holgàron , ò holgàronse . they rejoyc'd . Indefinit perfect . Yo uve ò avia holgado I had rejoyc'd tu uviste ò avias holgado thou hadst rejoyc'd el uvo ò avia , &c. hee had rejoyc'd , &c. Future tense . Yo me holgarè ò holgarème I will or shall rejoyce tu te holgaràs thou shalt or wilt rejoice el se holgarà , &c. hee shall or will rejoyce , &c. The second Future tense , wherof every Verb is capable . Yo he ò tengo de holgarme tu has ò tienes de holgarte , &c. I shall or must rejoyce thou shalt or must rejoyce , &c. The Imperatif Mood . Huelgate tu Rejoyce thou huelgase el let him rejoyce holguemos nosotros ò holguemonos let us rejoyce holgad vosotros rejoyce yee huelguense ellos . let them rejoyce . The Optatif and Conjunctif Moods . Present tense . Oxala , aunque , &c. O that , although , &c. Yo me huelgue I rejoyce or bee glad tu te huelgues , &c. thou rejoyce , &c. Imperfect tense . Oxala , plaguisse a Dios que , o si , &c. I wold to God , though , o if , &c. Yo me holgasse I shold rejoyce tu te holgasses , &c. thou sholdst rejoyce , &c Pluperfect tense . Oxala , aunque , quando , &c. O that , although , &c. Yo me holgàra I had rejoyc'd tu te holgàras , &c. thou hadst rejoyc'd , &c. Incertain tense . Yo me halgaría ò holgariame I wold bee glad tu te halgarías , &c. thou woldst be glad , &c. Future tense . Quando , si , &c. When , if , &c. Si yo me holgàre If I shall bee glad si tu te holgares , &c. if thou shalt be glad , &c. The Infinitif Mood . Holgar ò holgarse To rejoyce or to be glad aver ò averse holgado to have bin glad aver de holgar for to bee glad estar por holgar . being for to bee glad . Verbs of the second Conjugation ending in er , whose Participles like the third Conjugation end in ido or ydo . The Indicatif Mood of Entendèr , to understand , Present tense . Yo entiendo I understand tu entiendes thou dost understand , &c. el entiende   nos entendemos   vos entendeys   ellos entienden .   Imperfect tense . Yo entendia I did understand tu entendias thou didst understand , &c.   el entendia   nos entendiamos   vos entendiàdes   ellos entendian .   Perfect tense . Yo entendì I understood tu entendisti thou understoodst , &c. el entendio   nos entendimos   vos entendistes   ellos entendieron .   Perfect indefinit . Yo he entendido I have understood , tu has entendido , &c. thou hast understood , &c. Plusquam perfect tense . Yo avia ò uve entendido I had understood tu avias ò uviste entendido , &c. thou hadst understood , &c. Future tense . Yo entendirè I shall or wil understand tu entenderas , &c. thou shalt or wilt understand , &c. The second Future tense . Yo hé ò tengo de entendèr I shall or must understa . tu has de entendèr , &c. thou shalt or must understand , &c. The Imperatif Mood . Entiende tu Understand thou entienda el let him understand entendamos nosotros ò entendamonos let us understand entendèd vosotros understand yee entiendan ellos . let them understand . The Optatif and Subjunctif Moods . Present tense . Plega a Dios , aunque , &c. God grant , although , &c. Yo entienda I understand tu entiendas thou understandst , &c. el entienda   nos entendamos   vos entendays   ellos entiendan .   Imperfect tense . Oxala , si , &c. I wold , if , &c. Yo entendiesse I wold understand tu entendiesses , &c. thou woldst understand ▪ &c. Plusquam perfect . Aunque , quando , si , &c. Although , if , &c. Yo entendiera I had understood tu entendieras , &c. thou hadst understood . Future tense . Quando yo entendiere When I shal understand quando tu entendieres , &c. when thou shalt understand , &c. The Infinitif Mood . Entender To understand aver entendido to have understood aver de entender to bee understood ser para entender to bee to be understood entendiendo . understanding . The Verb entiendo is properly to understand , as Dios me de contienda con quien me entienda , God send mee to have to do with him who understands mee : a buen entendedor media palabra , half a word to the wise . But somtimes 't is taken for to hear , as Entendì que mi padre estava malo , I heard my father was sick . According to Entender all other regular Verbs of the second Conjugation may be form'd . Verbs of the third Conjugation ending in ir , have their Participles like the second in ido , exemplified by the Verb Servir to serve . The Indicatif Mood . Present tense . Yo sirvo I serve tu sirves thou serv'st , &c. el sirve   nos servimos   vos servis   ellos sirven .   Imperfect tense . Yo servia I did serve tu servias , &c. thou didst serve , &c. Perfect tense . Yo servi I serv'd tu serviste thou serv'st , &c. el servio   nos servimos   vos servistes   ellos sirvieron .   Pluperfect tense . Yo uve ò avia servido I had serv'd tu uviste ò avias servido , &c. thou hadst serv'd , &c. Future tense . Yo servirè I shall or will serve tu serviràs thou shalt or wilt serve , el servira &c. nos servirèmos   vos servireys   ellos serviran .   The second Future tense . Yo h● ò tengo de servir I shall or must serve tu hàs de servir , &c. thou shalt or must serve ,   &c. The Imperatif Mood . Sirve tu Serve thou sirva el let him serve sirvamos nosotros let us serve servid vosotros serve yee sirvan ellos . let them serve . The Optatif and Conjunctif Moods . Present tense . Oxala , aunque , &c. O that , although , &c. Yo sirva I serve tu sirvas thou servest , &c. el sirva   nos sirvamos   vos sirvays   ellos sirvan .   Imperfect tense . Oxala , aunque , o si , si , &c. O that , although , o if , if , &c. Yo serviesse I shold serve tu sirviesses , &c. thou sholdst serve , &c. Pluperfect tense . Oxala , aunque , si , o si , &c. O that , though , if , &c. Yo serviria I had serv'd tu servirias , &c. thou hadst serv'd , &c. Future tense . Quando , si , &c. When , if , &c. Yo sirvirè I shall serve tu sirvieres , &c. thou shalt serve , &c. The Infinitif Mood . Servir To serve aver servido having serv'd aver de servir to have to serve estar por servir to bee to serve sirviendo . serving . This Verb Servir to serve , doth properly signifie to serve or obey , as Servir a la mesa , to serve at the table . Somtimes to avail , as de que sirve todo esso , what purpose serves all this ? Sometimes it signifies to be pleas'd , as sea servido de entrar , bee pleased to com in : si Dios fuere servido , Dios ha sido servido , if God bee pleas'd , it hath pleas'd God. The Spanish Toung is full of Irregular Verbs , wherof I shall instance here in the most principal , by giving the chiefest and radical Tenses of them : For their inflections at length , I refer the Lerner to larger Grammars , the design of this being Brevity . Irregular Verbs of the first Conjugation in ar , and their Gerund in ado . Yo cuelgo , I hang Yo huelgo , I rejoyce colgava , I did hang holgava , I did rejoyce colguè , I hung holgue , I rejoyced colgarè , I shall or will hang holgare , I shall rejoyce colgar , to hang holgàr , to rejoyce colgando , hanging . holgando , rejoycing . Yo regueldo , I belch   regoldava , I did belch   regoldè , I belch'd   regoldarè , I shall or will belch   regoldar , to belch   regoldando , belching .   Irregular Verbs of the second Conjugation ending in er , and their Gerund in ido . Yo quiero , I love queria , I did love quise , I lov'd querrè , I will love querèr , to love queriendo , loving . This word querer to love , in Spanish , comes from the word quaerere in Latin , to seek ; for whom we love we are seeking for them ever and anon : The compounded Pronouns qualquier and qualquiera , any , any whatsoever , comes from this Verb. Querer also signifies to will , as yo quiero yr a la Missa , I will go to Mass , no quiero yr a la Missa , I will not go to Mass , &c. Yo puedo , I can Yo hago , I do podia , I was able hazia , I did pude , I could hize , I did podre , I shall be able hare , I shall do poder , to bee able hazer , to do pud●endo , being able . haziendo , doing . Yo 〈◊〉 , I know Yo traygo , I carry 〈◊〉 I did know traya , I did carry 〈◊〉 new truxe , I carried sabre , I shall know traere , I shall carry saber , to know traer , to carry sabiendo , knowing . trayendo , carrying . Yo buelvo , I return Yo pongo , I put bolvia , thou didst return ponias , thou didst put bolvì , I return'd puse , I put bolvere , I shall return pondre , I shall put bolver , to return poner , to put bolviendo , returning . poniendo , putting . Yo huelo , I smell Quepo , I contain or am contain'd olia , I did smell cabia , I did contain or was contain'd oli , I smelt cupe , I contain'd , &c. olere , I shall smell cabre , I shal contain , &c. oler , to smell caber , to contain or bee contain'd oliendo , smelling . cabiendo , containing , &c. This word caber in Spanish hath various significations , as esto mi cabe por mi parte , this falls unto mee for my share : honra y provecho no caben en un saco , honor and profit do not hold in one sack : esto me cupo en suerte , this happened to bee my lot , &c. Irregular Verbs of the third or last Conjugation ending in it or yr , and their Gerunds also in ido . Yo oygo , I hear Yo digo , I say oya , thou didst hear dezia , I did say oy , I heard dixe , I said oyre , I shall hear dire , I will say oyr , to hear dezir , to say oyendo , hearing . diziendo , saying . Yo duermo , I sleep Yo muero , I dye dormia , I did sleep moria , I did dye dormi , I slept mori , I dyed dormire , I shall sleep morire , I shall dye dormir , to sleep morir , to dye durmiendo , sleeping . muriendo , dying . The Conjugating of the two Verbs yr and andar to go ; they are Synonima's in sense , but with this difference , that yr doth simply denote the action of going or marching from one particular place to another , as yo voy a la Yglesia , I go to the Church : But andar signifies an uncertain wandring motion of going , as yo anday por toda Italia , I went through all Italy : And 't is us'd somtimes for reproches , as andad para vellaco , go for a rogue ; andad para Luterano , go for a Lutheran . Yr is taken in divers senses , as como le va , how goes it with you ? que va a mi en esto , what doth it concern mee ? mucho va de Iuan y Lilburne , ther is a great difference 'twixt John and Lilburn , a late brain-sick fellow that was never scarce of one mind : como fue a VM . en aquel negocio , how went it with you in that busines ? They are declin'd thus : Yo voy , I go Yo ando , I go yva , thou didst go andava fue , hee went anduve yre , I will go andare ( not much in use ) yr , to go andar yendo , going . andando . Yo vengo , I com Yo obedesco , I obey venia , I did com obedecia , I did obey vine , I came obedeci , I obey'd verne or vendre I shall com tengo de obedecer , I will obey venir , to com obedecer , to obey veniendo ò viniendo coming . obedeciendo , obeying . It is to be observ'd that when the Participles of yr and andar come before or after the Verb soy I am , they are of the same number , as ydo soy a mi casa , I am gone to my house ; ydos somos a la Comedia , wee are gon to the Play ; andado es el tiempo de alegria the time of mirth is past ; andados son los dias de mocedad , the dayes of youth are past . Ther is a way of speking in Spanish , and 't is held eloquent , as to the Futures with he and tengo to joyn me , te , se , le , la , lo , les , las , los , and put the auxiliary Verb last , as besar me has , you shall or must kiss mee ; reñir te he , I shall or must chide thee ; hazerse ha , it shall or must bee don ; comerlo has , you shall or must eat it , &c. And oftentimes the Article coms between the Pronoun and the Verb , as Embiarte la he , ( making as it were but one word ) I shall or must send her unto thee ; in lieu of te la embiare . The second person Plural of the Imperatif Mood having after it any of the Particles le , la , lo , or their Plurals les , las , los , ther is alwayes a preferring of the l before the d , as llevadle bring him , is pronounc'd llevalde ; besadla kiss her , besalda ; comedlo eat , comeldo ; llamadlos call them , llamaldos , &c. When le , la , lo , les , las , los , com before or after an Infinitif Mood , the r ( by the figure Antistoichon ) is turn'd to l , to smoothen the pronunciation , as soy por dezirle , I am to tell him , soy por dezille , I am to tell him ; quiero besarla las manos , I will kiss her hands , quiero besalla las manos , &c. Of Verbs Impersonals . IMpersonals are those that have no persons , and yet are made of the third person of the Indicatif Present tense , and have it before them in English , which the Spanish hath not ; A nos pertenece , it appertains to us ; a mi conviene , it is convenient for mee : But oftentimes for a greter Emphasis me and te are added , and os , as Ami me conviene , it is convenient for mee ; a ti importa , a ti te importa , it concerns thee ; a nos os conviene for a nos conviene , it is convenient for us : me pesa I am sorry , a mi me pesa : acontece muchas vezes , it happens often ; acaece pocas vezes , it happens seldom . The Spaniards have but one Gerund terminating alwayes in do . In the first Conjugation it is formed of the Infinitif Moo● , by putting ar into ando , as hablar to speak , hablando ; holgar to rejoyce , holgando rejoycing . They of the second Conjugation are made by turning er into iendo , as bolver to return , bolviendo returning . They of the third Conjugation are made by turning r alone into iendo , as venir to com , veniendo coming : but in very many words the e that comes immediatly before the r in the Infinitif is turn'd to i , as dezir to speak , diziendo speking , not deziendo ; sentir to smell , sintiendo smelling . Som other Verbs change i before the Infinitif r into n , as morir to dye , muriendo dying ; dormir to sleep , durmiendo sleeping . The Preposition en coming before the Gerund hath relation to time , as en hablando esto tengo de yrme , as soon as I speak this I will go ; yo yre en acabando de comer , I will go as soon as I have din'd . The Spanish Participles have their Genders , significations and times , but the Participles of the Present tense have no genders , as Moço or moça creciente ha el lobo en el vientre , A growing youth or maid hath a wolf in the belly . The Participles of the Preter tense end in do , and are formed of the Infinitif Mood as the Gerund , n left out , as hablar to speak , hablado spoken ; buscar to seek , buscado sought , &c. But ther are many Irregulars which are excepted , as morir to dye , muerto dead ; dezir to speak , dicho spoken ; bolver to return , buelto return'd , &c. which is left to the studious observer . Of the Indeclinable parts of Speech . WEE have hitherto treted of the parts of Speech which are declinable , wee will proceed now to those that are not capable of declination , and first ▪ Of Adverbs . The first are Adverbs of Time , as Oy to day , ayer yesterday , anteyer or ante ayer before yesterday , mañana to morrow , por la mañana in the morning , ala mañanica betimes in the morning , temprano early , media dio noon , tarde the evening . Note , that the Spaniard hath this singularity in his salutations relating to time , to speak in the plural number , as Buenos dias good dayes to you , buenas tardes good evenings to you , buenas noches good nights to you , huenos años good years to you , buenas Pascuas good Easters to you : but they never use Good morrow . Agora , al presente now ; poco ha , poco tiempo ha a little while since ; despues since , alguna vez , a vezes somtimes ; amenudo often , mucho ha a good while since , muchas vezes oftentimes , pocas vezes seldom , quando when , entonces then , entre tanto , en este comedio in the interim ; hasta que untill , mientras while , por adelante , de aqui adelante , en ò por lo venidero hereafter ; entonces thence forward , desde agora hence forward , nunca , jamas never ; aun yet or as yet , contino de contino continually , ya alredy , luego , subito , encontinente presently ; presto quickly , siempre alwayes , siempre jamas for ever , dende agora from henceforth , hasta quando untill when , hasta tanto untill that , desde que since that , de ay adelante thence forward , despues aca since now , a deshora unwaringly , de aqui a un rato within a little while , cada dia every day , cada rato ever and anon , cada momento every moment , quando quiera when you will , ante , antes , denantes before . Note , that cada , mucho and poco are somtimes Adjectifs , as cada soldado , every soldier ; cada qual con su yguàl , every one with his mate ; mucho dinero , much mony ; poca fatiga es gran salùd , a little toyl is great health . Local Adverbs , or of place . Aqui here , ay , alli there ; de aqui hence , de ay , de alli thence ; por aqui this way , por ay , por alli that way ; acà these parts , por acà in these parts , allà , a●ulla those parts , lexos far , dentro within , fuera without , do , ado , donde , adonde , where , whence , whither ; de do , de donde , por donde , from whence ; de com●ania hermanablemente , brotherly and in company . Separatif Adverbs . A parte apart , aun cabo at one end , a un lado at one side , de tras behind , a escondidas secretly , closely ; a hurto , a hurtadas , a hurtadillas stealingly ; solo , solamente alone ; fuera , excepto , sacando fuero except ; no embargante , non obstante notwithstanding ; a escuras in the dark , apartadamente by it self , a bueltas besides or above , as a bueltas de ducados me dio un a cadena de oro , Besides or above other things hee gave mee a Gold chain . Adverbs of intention . En todo y por todo altogether , del todo wholly , enteramente , de todo en todo totally . Adverbs Personals and Appelatifs . Comigo with mee , contigo with thee , consigo with him , ha señor , hà hermano , ce ce , o là , ò como se llama . Adverbs of election . Mas ayna sooner , primero que rather than , mejor better , antes , mas ances rather ; as Antes puto que Gallego , Rather an Ingle than a Galician . Adverbs of haste . Luego , subito presently , suddenly ; en un momento in a moment , en un cerràr de ojo in the twinkling of an eye , presto quickly . Adverbs of similitudes . Como , ansi como as , so as ; ansi , assi so ; de la manera que insomuch . Irregular Adverbs . De passado , de camino as wee pass'd ; al traves athwart , al revès clean cam , a reculas recoyling back , de bruces groveling , a gatas creeping , a tuerto crookedly , embalde in vain , debalde gratis for nothing , barato good cheap , a trueque , en lugar in exchange or in lieu . Of the Prepositions . Ther are som Prepositions in Spanish that serve for Accusatif and Ablatif cases , which will be distinguished by the Article , and first of those Prepositions that serve the Ablatif with de . Cerca nere , de of , antes before , acerca touching , ●●erredòr , alderredòr about ; entorno round about , fuera without , dentro within , debaxo under , encima upon , ayuso , de yuso , abaxo below ; de sus● arriba on high , empos del after him , en frente , de frente against or opposite ; a la orilla at the bank or brink , a rayz all along . Prepositions which serve the Accusatif . Sobre , acuestas upon or about ; ante , contra against ; por , para for , which way , abaxo , de yuso below , debaxo underneath , arriba , de suso above ; atras behind , do quiera , a do quiera , donde quiera whersoever ; aquende this side , allende that side . Adverbs of number . Vna vez once , dos vezes twice , and so to cien vezes an hundred times ; thence to mil vezes a thousand times , &c. by putting the cardinal nombers which were put down before . Adverbs of quantity . Mucho much , poco a little , poquito very little , harto , assaz enough ; demasiado , en demasia too much ; de mas de esto moreover ; al pie de ciento near a hundred , al pie de mil about or near a thousand , abundantemente , en abundancia , a montones plentifully ; tanto quanto , tan quan as much as . Observe that tanto quanto com alwayes before Verbs or Substantifs , tan quan before Adjectifs or Adverbs ; as no tengo tanto seso como vos , I have not so much brain as you : quanto es del mes , what day of the month is it ? tengo tan buenos parientes como vos , I have as good kindred as you : o quan dulcemente canta , how sweetly do you sing ? These three Adverbs mas , muy , mucho serve to make Comparatifs of Positif Adjectifs , as rico rich , masrico more rich , muy rico very rich : mucho is seldom us'd in this kind , unless mas com immediatly after , as mucho mas hermosa much more beautiful : The Superlatifs never have these before them , for they say not mas , muy or mucho riquissimo , hermosissimo , for they of themselfs are sufficient to augment the quality . Adverbs of quality . Bien , buenamente well ; mal , malamente ill ; osadamente boldly , atrevidamente audaciously , adrede expresly or purposely , a sabiendas wittingly . When two Adverbs of quality meet , the formost loseth the two last syllables , as locamente y temer ariamente foolishly and rashly , mente in the first is lost , and it must be written and pronounc'd loca y temerariamente . Adverbs of negation . No no not , ni neither , aun no no not yet , tampoco ●i menos as less , nada , nonada nothing ; nunca , ja●as never ; en ninguna manera , suerte , modo , by no means ; antes , mas antes rather , but rather ; no solament not only . Two Negatifs affirm not in the Spanish as they do in som languages , as wee see in no nada , menos and tampoco less , are often simple negations : and commonly to Interrogations , as tienes dinero ? no , hast thou any mony ? no : tienes vestidos ? menos , hast thou clothes ? less : tienes de comer ? tampoco , hast thou meat ? as little . Of affirmatif Adverbs . Si I , yea , yes ; si señor I Sir : si is also an affirmatif , but in Italian it commonly comes after signor ; as signor si , tambien also , si cierto , si por cierto yes sure ; si de verdad yes in truth , verdaderamente truly , assies 't is so , Amen ; ansi es 't is so , sin duda doutles , de veras in good sooth . Adverbs Optatif , or of wishing . Oxala ( a Morisco word ) o that , I wold , I could wish ; quiera a Dios God grant , plega a Dios God grant , o si o if . Adverbs of admonition . Ea , vaya well then , ther then ; ea pues , ora pues , or a sus , sus , arasus , well well , let it pass , let us on : ea alegramente . Demonstratif Adverbs . Hè aqui , Veys aqui look here ; ve alli , cataldo aqui , cataldo ay , look here , see here , see there . Adverbs of order . Primeramente in the first place , principalmente chiefly , Imprimis ; de nuevo again , al fin , finalmente , al cabo lastly ; item item , de tras behind , a la postre late or lag behind , adelante , delante before ; entre tanto in the mean while , mientras while . Remissif Adverbs . Poco a poco by little and little , dispacio lesurely , passo , passito gently ; quedo , quedito softly ; a penas scarce , a malas penas very hardly , casi almost , a plazer at plesure , calla callando secretly and silently , callandico softly without noise . Adverbs of doubt . Puede ser , quiça it may bee ; a caso perchance , por ventura peradventure . Interrogatif Adverbs . Para que why , to what end ? porque , porque razon for what reson , why ? a que proposito to what purpose ? por que causa for what cause . Adverbs Congregatif . Iuntos , iuntamente together ; en uno , a la par , a las parejas equally , in one ; entrambos , ambos , ambos ad●s both together . Separatif or Adverbs of exception . Salvo , excepto , sacando fuera except ; segun according , junto near , hasta untill , cabe near , tras behind , en in , entre between , hazia towards , aquende allende this side or that side . Por and para do both signifie For , but the first relates commonly to the efficient and final cause , and para relates to the profit or damage of a person , as por amor de Dios , for Gods love ; yo muero por ti , I dye for thee ; para quien es esta casa , for whom is this house ? es para Don Carlos , it is for Sir Charles : Araada sobre el Duero para mi la quiero , Aranda upon the Duero I 'le have her for my self : a Proverb of Philip the second , when ther was a suit 'twixt him and one of his Grandes for right to that Town in old Castile : Therfore ther is a Spanicism that para comigo signifies in my behalf , para consigo in his behalf : then it serves often before con , but it makes it more emphatical , and to change its sense , and both of them signifie Towards , as seamos piadosos para con los pobres , let us be pitiful towards the poor : para con todos es affable y franco , hee is affable and free towards all . The Preposition hàzia towards , hath alwayes an accent over the first syllable , to distinguish it from hazia the Verb , who hath the accent over the middle syllable . The Preposition cabe near , comes alwayes before the Accusatif case , as sientese VM . cabe mi hermana , sit next my sister . Of Conjunctions . COnjunctions som are Copulatifs , as y and , tambien also , aun yet : Touching y and , for avoiding the ill sound turns somtimes to e , when the next word begins with another y , as Margerita e Ysabela , Francisco e yo andàvamos juntos , Francis and I went together ; la mano derecha e ysquierda , the right and the left hand , &c. The Disjunctif Prepositions are ni , o not , as ni el uno ni el otro , nor the one nor the other ; O San Pablo o San Pedro , either Paul or Peter . Ther are som causal or conditional Prepositions , as si if , aunque although , dado que , puesto que it being granted , pues que since that , para que to the end that , porque because , mas but , pero but , empèro notwithstanding , toda via yet for all that , a lo menos at least , con tal if , upon condition ; tengo de bever todo esto con tal que VM . me hagarazòn , I will drink all this upon condition you will pledg mee : yrè allà con tal que VM . vaya comigo , I will go thither upon condition you will go with mee . Ther are also Rational Prepositions , as assi que so that , es a saber , conviene a saber , viz. to wit ; luego , pues then ; por esso , por tanto therfore . Of Interjections . INterjections are certain words which express the motions or alterations of the mind , according to the accidents that happen , signifying either joy or grief , fear , anger or wonder , as o bueno , hala , gala , o good , o brave ; ay , hay de mi alas ; guay , guay de mi wo is mee ; amargo de mi , desdichado de mi , wretched , unfortunat that I am : Iesus , vala me Dios , Jesus , God deliver mee : valgame la madre de Dios que es esto , the mother of God deliver mee what 's this ? and these are spoken in admiration . Ther are three sorts of Ay , the first is the Impersonal Verb Ay , as ay barto lodo en las calles , ther is dirt enough in the streets : The second is the Interjection of grief , as ay de mi wo is mee : The third is the local Adverb [ Ay ] and that hath an accent over the [ y ] and is pronounc'd as two syllables , as quien esta ay , who is there ? Ay esta mi padre , my father is ther. Therfore ther must a great heed bee taken to observe the accents , though in most Spanish Authors the Printers are not so careful herein as they shold bee . The Impersonal ay is very frequent in the Spanish Toung in one rense or other , for it hath all the five in the Indicatif Mood , as Ay ther is , avia ther was , uvo ther was , ( Perfect tense ) ha avido ther hath bin , aura ther will bee . A Collection of som difficult Words and Phrases which are meer Spanicisms or Idioms of the Castilian Toung . Of the words fulano , hulano , çutano . THese three words are much us'd in Spanish , as Iohn an Okes and Iohn a Stiles in our Law , or Mevius and Titius were us'd in the Latin : they signifie [ such a one ] or [ how do you call him ? ] as Fulano es gran soldado , such a one is a great soldier : Hulano es muy hombre de bien , such a one is very honest . They have also their Feminins fulana , hulana , but not çutano , which never begins a saying , as hablè a çutano , I spoke to such a one . The word Hidalgo a Gentleman , hath two Etymoligies , according to som it is deriv'd of hijo de algo the son of sombody , viz. of a known person ; or hija de algo a Gentlewoman , but that is pronounc'd and written at large , not hidalga . Others derive it from hijo del Godo the son of a Goth , for the Goths and Vandals , whence Andaluzia is deriv'd , having first planted Christianity in Spain , it was held an honor to bee call'd hijo del Godo , the son of a Goth , contracted to hidalgo . Hideputa on the contrary is a word of disgrace , being deriv'd of hijo de puta the son of a whore , but 't is us'd for an Interjection of exclamation or wonder , and most commonly in an ill sense , o Hideputa , y que Roldan para hazer fieros , O Hideputa , what a Rowland is this to make bravado's ? hydeputa ruyn ò hidervin , base son of a whore . Ther are som words , which though they be Substantifs , yet having en before them turn to a kind of Adverbs , as en cuerpo without a cloke , en piernas without stockins , en carnes , en puras carnes all naked ; as pusole en puras carnes , hee stripped him stark naked . En cuero hath the like sense : cuero a skin , is us'd also to another sense , as hazerse cuero , to make himself a skin , that is , to make himself drunk , because in Spain they carry wine in skins . The Verb alcançar hath many significations , as to obtain , acquire and overtake , but it hath one extraordinary sense , Alcançar en la cuenta , to defalk or abate of the account ; alcançado de cuenta , that which remains of the account . The Verb armar to arm , hath other significations , as armar una celada , to provide an ambush ; armar un lazo to provide a trap ; armar una cama , to furnish a bed , &c. Abaxo below , and aynso under , have remarkable significations , somtimes as Del Rey abaxo n● temo algun alma viviente , I fear none breathing after or except the King : de Dios en ayuso yo le conservava , after God I preserved him . This word cabo an end , is us'd diversly , as Estoy al cabo del negocio . I understand the busines ; rico por el cabo , extremely rich ; al cabo estoy , no me diga mas , I know your meaning speak no more . The Verb caer to fall , hath remarkable significations , as no caygo en VM . I cannot remember who you are : no puedo caer en ello , I cannot understand it . This Verb dar to give , is us'd diversly , as dar el para bien to congratulat : el demonio me da penar por ●lla , the devil makes mee torment my self for her : darse maña , to use cunning , &c. The Verb echar to cast , powr or put , is us'd variously , as se echa de ver , it seems : echar mano a la espada , to draw his sword , &c. The Verb estar to bee or stand , is variously us'd , as Estoy en ello , I understood the busines : estoy mal con Fulano , I am not frends with such a man : quien està mal con Dios nopuede hazer cosa buena , who is not in peace with God cannot do any thing good . The Verb hazer to do , is us'd diversly , as haze frio 't is cold , haze calor 'tis hot , haze sol 't is cleer . Hà hee hath , the third person of aver , hath various significations , as tres dias hà , three dayes since : cien años hà , it is a hundred yeers : quanto hà que vine a Londres , how long is it since you came to London ? dias hà , 't is a pretty while since : que tanto hà que estays aqui , how long have you bin here ? aurà cosa de media hora , about half an hour , &c. The Verbs llevar and traer to bring , lead or carry , are indifferently us'd in som parts of Spain , but not in Castile ; but properly llevar is to bring , and traer is to carry , as llevaronme und●cado por la hechura , they brought mee a Crown for the making : lleveme el cavallo , bring mee the horse : trae una carga muy pesado , hee carries a very hevy burden . Ther is also another sense of llevar , as buen camino lleva el negocio , the busines goes well : la eosa no lleva remedio , ther 's no remedy for it . Nàdie and ningùno none , differ in that nàdie relates to Persons , and never joyns with a Substantif , which ninguno doth , as no hago mal a nadie , I hurt nobody : quien està ay , who is ther ? nadie nobody . Ninguno joyns with Adjectifs , as obra de una es obra de ninguno , the work of one is the work of none : ninguno loseth o when it comes before a Substantif , as ningun hombre ; but ninguna the feminin keeps a alwayes . Pararmientes is an extraordinary word in Spanish , it is to beware , as tu que mientes lo que dizes para mientes , thou which dost use to lye take heed what thon saist . Pedir and preguntar to ask , differ in this , that pedir relates to a thing wee desire to have , and preguntar to a thing wee desire to know . Recado or recaudo is as general a word as any that 's us'd in the whole Spanish toung , somtimes it signifies a Message , yo voy con un recaudo , I go with a message : somtimes it signifieth wherwith to do any thing , as no tengo recaudo para escrevir , I have not wherwith to write : da me recauda para almorzar , give mee wherwith to break my fast , &c. These Expressions also touching the disposition of the Wether are remarkable in the Spanish . Llueve a cantaros , it rains by whole buckets : escampia , y har à buen tiempo , it leaves raining , and wee shall have fair wether : yela tanto que ay caràmbanos , it freezeth so that ther are Isicles : desyela , y haze lodaçares , it thaws and is very dirty : nieva a copos , it rains fleeces of wooll : el tiempo se escurece , que parect boca de lobo , the wether darkens as it were the mouth of a wolf : haze sol con uñas , y llovisna , the Sun is troubled , and it misles : haze lindo y estrellado , it is fair and star-like : haze suzio , y lleno de çarpas , it is foul and dirty : ay lodos hasta la cinta , ther 's dirt up to the girdle : frio que haze tiritar , cold that makes the teeth to quaver : hae , muy resbaladero y dislizadero , haze bonança , t is calm . Of the Spanish Accents . Ther is nothing that conduceth more to the right and round speking of Spanish , as to observe how the words are accented , and to give a force therunto accordingly : To which end take these precepts . All words ending in r have the accent in the last syllable as , mugèr a woman , plazèr plesure , muladàr a dunghill , albeytàr a Farrier ; All Infinitif Moods , as hablàr to speak , descansàr to rest , descalabràr to break ones head , bolvèr to return , apprendèr to learn , acontecèr to happen , hinchir to fill , escupìr to spit , apercebìr to prepare , labradòr a yeoman , pecadòr a sinner , oradòr an orator , &c. with Proper names , as Gaspàr , Balthasàr , &c. But alcàçar a castle , açùcar suger , màrtir a martyr , are excepted . Words also ending in d have the accent in the last , as salùd health , lealtàd loyalty , humanidàd humanity , &c. Proper names of places , as Madrìd , Vallodolìd , &c. wherunto may be added the second person plural of the Imperatif Mood , as and àd go , embiàd send , embergàd sequester , despavilàd snuff , &c. Words also ending in l have an accent or Emphasis in the last , as Españòl a Spaniard , caracòl a snail , señàl a sign , azùl blu , &c. But som are accepted , as cònsul , hàbil able , fertil fruitful , dèbil weak , àrbol a tree , fràgil frail , mòbil moveable , &c. Words also ending in n have the accent in the last syllable , as capitàn a captain , almazèn a store-house , mastìn a mastiff , compassiòn , devociòn , abominaciòn , &c. but som few are excepted , as òrden order , imàgen image , Orìgen , &c. Words in x also have the accent in the last syllable , as carcàx a quiver , almofrèx a male or great hamper , relòx a clock , Amoradàx Mariorame . Words also ending in z have the accent in the last syllable , as sagàz wise , Axedrèz a Chesse-board table , vejèz old age , &c. Ther are som proper names excepted , as Nuñez , Dìaz , Alvàrez , Pèrez , Suàrez , Rodrìguez , Sànchez , Gòmez , &c. Words terminating in ia have the accent over th● i , as porfìa , alcanzìa a box , policìa , philosofìa , alegrìa mirth , Astronomìa , and other words deriv'd from the Latin. But these are excepted ausencia absence , blasfemia , clemència , dolència grief , escòria drosse , eficàcia , glòria , indùstria , infàmia , injùria , &c. The Future tenses of Verbs in the Indicatif Moods , have the accent over the last , as buscarè , buscaràs , buscara , I , thou , hee shall seek : And observable it is , that wher the accent is over the last in the singular number , 't is over the last saving one in the Plural , buscarè buscarèmos , virtùd virtùdes , capitàn capitànes , mugèr mugères , caracòl caracòles , relòx relòges . Note that wher the accent is found ther must bee a gentle vigor , acutenes and force given to the syllable . Magnìfico the Adjectif hath the accent over the second syllable , but magnifìco the Verb over the penultime or last syllable saving one . Carta compuesta de ciertos Frasis y Idiòmas , peculiares y propios a la Lengua Castellana . A los 8. de Mayo . MAs de cineo mezes hà que yo no recebi tilde de VM . por tanto estoy con mil desseòs , y no men cuydados de entender que tal se halla mi primo en punto salùd , y como leva a VM . tambien ; Todos quantos por aca dizen que mi Tartarabuelo ha traspassado , por cierto me pesa , porque de mi padre abaxo no quise mas a algun alma viviente ; era devoto por el cabo , haga , que yo sepa que tanto avra que murio ; se echa dever , que VM . ò està malo , ò muy ocupado , ò que se le da nada de sus parientes por aca ; Topè poco hà con Beltran , que parecia en cuerpo , y en piernas , y casi en puras carnes tan belitre era ; toda via se avia hecho cuero , y hazia fieros como si fuera Roldan , pensava de dalle palos , si no uvier a hecho divorcio con larazòn . Supplico a VM . que se sirva de dar recaudo a la que va con esta , y si Fulano , &c. Esta por aculla , digale que Hulana esta achocosa ; despues de muchos dares y tomares recaudo al fin su dote , que vino a buen recaudo : No soy por mas , si no que con mis besamanos a çutano Don , &c. y a los chiquitos sus quitapesares , quedo muy de veras , y de todas mis entrañas , su criado mayòr . Fulano . This Letter were it translated verbatim according to the literal sense , wold prove nothing but absurdities , therfore it must bee rendered otherwise , as thus : A familiar Letter made up of certain Phrasis or Idioms peculiar and proper only to the Castilian Toung . The 8. of May. T Is more than six months that I receav'd any thing from you , therfore I am very desirous and careful to understand how my Cosen doth in point of health , and how you also do : All the world here report that my Great-granfather is dead , truly I am sorry , for after my father I lov'd him more then any ; hee was devout in an intense degree : I pray let mee know how long it is since hee dyed . It seems that you are either ill or very busy , or that you care not for your Kinsmen hereabout . I met lately with Beltran , who appeer'd without a cloke or stockings , and almost stark naked , hee was such a Rogue ; yet hee had got drunk , and did so rant it as if hee had bin another Roldan : I thought to bang him , had hee not made a divorce with reson for that time . I pray be pleas'd to deliver the inclos'd , and if such a one B. bee that way , tell him that such a one M. is sickly , and after many Godmorrows shee recovered her dowry , which came in a good time . No more , but that with my service to D , and to his take away cares , I mean his little ones , I remain in earnest , and with all my bowels , The gretest of your Servants , P. S. LA PERAMBULACIÒN DE España , y de Portugàl ; En un Discurso entre CARLOS y FELIPE . THE PERAMBULATION OF Spain and Portugal ; In a Discours 'twixt CHARLES and PHILIP : Which may serve for a DIRECTORY How to Travel through those Countreys . LA PERAMBULACION DE España y de Portugàl ; En un Discurso entre CARLOS y FELIPE . Carlos . DIOS le dè muy buenos dias Señor Don Felipe , años hà que no le he visto ; digame si fuere , servido , donde hà estado tanto tiempo ? y de donde viene agora ? Felipe . Sea vuessa merced muy bien hallado Señor Don Carlos , me huelgo en el alma de velle con falùd , y pues que me manda dirè donde vengo , soy rezien-venido de España . Carlos . De España ? valgame Dios , y qual fue la causa ( eon licencia ) que le hizo emprender aquel viaje ? pues dizen es tierra muy trabajosa para los Passageros . Felipe . Señor , la Curiosidad fue la causa ; pèro entremos en casa que yo le contrarè por extenso lo que deffeàre saber , princ●palmente el modo que hà de tene rel que tuviere gana de yr a ver aquel Reyno . Carlos . Primero hemos de comer , y si vm . mandà●e , comeremos juntos en aquel bodegòn , que es casa muy limpia y bien proveyda ; y despues me contarà mas de espacio en levantando la mesa . Felipe . Sea en hora buena , que yo accepto la merced que me haze de conduzirme a tan buena posada que mucho ha que no la hallado tal . Carlos . Pues que me dize ? es possible que no las aya en su viage , siendo España tan buena tierra , y abundante de todo ? Felipe . Buena por cierto pudiera ser , si la gente no fuera tan perezosa , porque no labran la tercera parte de la tierra , la qual de otra manera es de su calidad harto buena , màs despues de la expulsion de los Moriscos no es tan labrada . Carlos . De manera Señor , que la pereza de los Moradores es causa de la esterilidàd . Felipe . No ay que dudar en esto , porque la Tierra no produze de suyo sin ser labrada , y no lo siendo , falta lo necessario de la provision ; Assi que no se halla en las posadas mas que el casco de la casa con un poco de ropa blanca , y a vezes , no ay camas para los Caminantes principalmente esi las Ventas . Carlos . Haga me merced de informarme que quiere dezir Venta ? Felipe . Ventas son las posadas que se hallan en la campaña , y por les caminos Reales , adonde si se encueutran les Caminantes a hazer jornada han de llevar las alforjas , bien proveydas de todo lo necessario ; Que de otra manera bien podrian acostarse sin cenàr , porque no se halla otra cosa en ellas si no cevada , y paja para las Cavalgaduras , y si ay algo serà un poco de pan , de vino , algunos huevos , tocino , o longanizas . Charlos . Pues por vida suya cuente me el discurso de su Viaje por donde entrò en España , y lo que passò principalmente en los lugares mas Señalados , para que yo sepa Governarme si a caso me viniere gana de yr allà algun dia. Felipe . Señor , al salir de Francia yo passè el Rio Dordona , que la divide de España , que es cerca de Iròn no muy lexos de Fuentarabia , tuve el medio dia en el dicho lugàr de Iròn , y la noche ganè San Sebastiàn primera tierra fuerte de Biscaya , y puerto de Mar. Carlos . En aquellos lugares fronteros no se hallan Guardas que miran a los Passageros ? Felipe . Si ay , es verdad que al entrar en España no me dieron algun impedimento ; pero una cosa se hà de hazer en llegando a Iròn , y es , que se hà de manifestàr todo lo que la persona lleva , Ropa y joyas si tiene algunas , y aun el propio dinero que tiene por los gastos del camino , y todo se hàde de Registàr , y pagar lo que es tassado por los Aduaneros , y despues le dan una cedulilla que llaman Albaràn o Alvalà que es tanto como passaporte para que despues , las Guardas no le quiten lo que lleva a falta de averle Registrado . Carlos . Y se haze esto a todo genero de personas Estrangeros y Naturales ? Felipe . No perdonan a nadie , y lo que peôr es , las Guardas que estan alerta al salir por la otra puerta si se les antoja os haran apear para mirar y buscar , por todo si llevays alguna cosa que no estè en el Albar●n ; pero el mejor remedio que ay para escusar esta importunidad es echarles un Real de a quatro o un de a ocho segun la calidad del passagero . Carlos . De manera Señor que saben quanto dinero lleva un hombre acuestas , y essi corre peligro de ser seguido por los caminos y robado , y quiça aun peòr . Felipe . Esto no se hà de temer , porque en España no se habla de ladrones de camino , o salt eadores , si no es en Catalunia por ser la Provincia mas frequentada de passageros , que otra ninguna ; Porque passan por ella todos les que van● y vienen de Italia , o de aquellas partes de Francia para la Corte , demas que es la tierra mas poblada de toda España . Carlos . Pues al partir de san Sebastian adonde se encaminava ? Felipe . Tomè el camino per Navarra , adonde vi a Pamplona Villa principal de aquel Reyno , y en ella el Castillo muy famoso el quai parece mucho a aquel de Anveres . Carlos . Y no es el Reyno de Navarra del Rey de Francia ? Felipe . Aquel Reyno se divide en dos partes , la que està deste lado de les Montes Pyreneos pertenece a la Froncia , y la que està del otro lado es del Rey de España , que es famosa tierra , la gente muy luzida , y no mal aficionada a nuestra naciòn Francesa . Carlos . Y de al●à por donde fue um . pues a mi parecer avia dexado el camino ordinario de los que van a Madrid . Felipe . Assi es verdad , que dexè el camino de Victoria , y el puerto de sant Adrian , y entrè por Logroño ( harto buena tierra ) puesta sobre el Rio de Ebro cerca de una Montaña adonde antiguamente estava la Ciudad de Cantabria , la qual do el nombre a la Provincia que agora contiene la Biscaya , Navarra , Guipuzcoa , y otras particulares de cuyos nombres no me acuerdo ahora . Carlos . Pues no dexe vm . atràs otros lugares del Reyno de Navarra , que yo hallo en la mappamundo . Felipe . Bien haze en hazer me acordar desso , pues se me avia olvidado dos Lugares muy señalados ; El uno Fstella de Navarra que la universidàd de aquel Reyno , y està situada la Villa en ●n lugar muy ameno ; El otro es La puente de la Reyna , y demas de aquellos dos ay otro llamado Viana nombre corrompido de Diana , porque antiguamente avia alli un Templo consecrado a aquella Diosa . Carlos . Passe vm . adelante y no repare en estos Lugarcitos de poca consideracion , porque yo creo que vm , tiene una larga jornada que hazer . Felipe . Pues vm . gusta dello yo harè un salto desde Legroño hasta santo Domingo de la calçada que es lugar en la Rioja , cerca de los montes de Oca , en el qual lugar se veen cerca de la y glesia un Gallo , y una gallina vivos de la casta de aquellos , que ya estando aslàdos tornàron a vivit por milagro . Carlos . Por ventura seran de los del milagro de aquel moço peregrino Francès que fue ahorcado en aquel lugar por ladron , cuyos padres bolviendo de cumplir su viaje de Santjago , y passando cerca de la horca adonde estava colgando le hallaron vivo . Felipe . D●zen que de aquellos mesmos son , y la costumbre es , que los peregrinos que passan en Romeria por ailà traigan en sus sombreros unos bordoncillos con plumas de aquellas aves , y si no fuera tan larga la H●storia yo se la contaria , pero quedese para otro tiempo . Carlos . Toda via supplicò a vm , de proseguir lo començado , que sea en hora buena . Felipe . Pues vm . lo manda , y que gusta tanto dello lo harè de Santo Domingo passay a Burgos Ciudad principal de Costilla la Vieja , entre la qual y Toledo hà avido grandes porfias por la precedencia . Carlos . Assi tengo leydo , pero en unas Cortes que juntaron en Toledo , el Rey Felipe el segundo aparigiuò la contienda muy cuerdamen te por entonces , que aconteciò assi ; Los Representantes de ambas Ciudades estando en las Cortes porfiavan quien avia de hablar primero , la porfia vino a ser algo caliente , quando el Rey se levantava subito , y dixo , Hable Burgos , que por Toledo hablarè yo . Felipe . Era un passaje muy señalado , y si no suera por otra cosa Felipe el segundo merecia el atributo de prudente ( que le dan ) por esto solo ; mas prosigamos , en Burgos ay un Monasterio fuera de la Ciudad adonde està aquel milagroso Crucifixo , cuyas uñas y cabellos van crecierdo cada un mes : La yglesia mayor de Burgos , es un edificio muy pomposo ; Tambien ay un Castillo pero de poca confideraciòn . Carlos . Y con su licencia , de Burgos para donde se encamino sù merced ? Felipe . A Valladolid , linda villa , y bien poblada , adonde està una de las Cancillerias de España . Carlos . Pues llama vm , Valladolid Villa siendo un Lugàr tan grande , y adonde la Corte Catolica residio tanto tempo ? Felipe . Si señòr , Villa es , pues no està cercada de muros , y tambien dizen allà communmente , Villa por Villa , Vallado●id en Castilla ; como Ciudad por Ciudad Lisboa en Portugal . Carlos . Bien , no nos detengamos mas en est lugàr , vamos adelante si vm . fuere servido . Felipe . De alli me fuy a Medina del campo harto buena Tierra , donde ay famosas Librerias ; Passè alli ala tardecica , y a la mañana siguiente tomè el camino de Salamanca ; Tierra muy grande , y la mas illustre Universidad de toda España , yo vi alli los Colegios que son en gran numero , y muy bien fabricados ; Tambien la puente hecho por los Romanos , y el Toro que està a la entrada del qual habla Lazarillo de Tormes . Carlos . Vio vm . alli por ventura la casa de Celestina ? Felipe . Señor , bien me apuntaron el lugar adonde estava , mas no tuve tanta curiosidad que suera a vella , y tambien me parece que es cosa fingida . Carlos . He oydo dezir , que una vez se hallaron en Salamanca quinze mill estudiantes y licenciados que me parece cosa estraña , siendo España tan poco poblada , y teniendo 16 Vniversidades mas . Felipe . Bien puede ser , porque Salamanca està puesta casi en el centro de España donde acuden mas facilmente de todas partes los Estudiantes mas la major parte son Opidanos qui tienen posadas fuera de los Colegios . Carlos . Tengo leydo un refran , en Salamanca mas vale un maravedi que una blanca ; mas passe vm . adelante . Felipe . De Salamanca tomè el camino de Segovia famoso lugà● por muchas cosas ; que alli se veen , Lo primero el Monasterio de Parral que està fuera de la Ciudad ; Despues , La Casa de la Moneda ; Tras esto el famoso Aleàzar , y lo que llaman la puente de Segovia que no lo es sino un Aqueducto hecho de piedras de maravillosa grandeza , y lo que es de notàr los paños finos de lana que alli si texen . De Segovia passè el puerto de Guadarrama aviendo visto de camino un grand edificio que se llama la casa del Campo harto buena metida entre los bosques , y passado el dicho lugàr de Guadarrama fuy al Escurial el octavo milagro del mundo ; Mas porque seria menestè● un volume entero para hazer la descripcion tanto de la yglesia , de la Libreria , de los patios , de los quartos , y los alojamentos del Rey , y de los Frayles , como de las aguas , jardines , y fuentes famosos que ay alla , yo lo remito a la diligencia , y curiosidad de los que lo quisieren saber mas por extenso . Carlos . Pues yo tengo esperança de vello todo algun dia si Dios me diere la gracia ; mas grand●osa● casa es , que una casa sola tenga un Monastero , un Palacio Real , y una Vniversidàd . Felipe . Partido del Escurial fuy a Madrid , passando antes por la casa del prado adonde el Rey reside muy amenudo . Carlos . Pues que avemos llegado a Madrid que me dirà vm . de la Corte del Rey Catolico . Felipe . No le dirè otra cosa a vm . sino que es una Corte muy corta . Carlos . Como es esto , que siendo el Rey de España tan gran Monarca , no tiene una Corte correspondiente a su grandeza ? Felipe . Vm. hà de saber que ay mucha gravedàd y estado en la Corte Catolica , mas poca gente y ruydo ; siendo antes Monasterio que Corte Real . Carlos . Desta manera poco gasto haze el Rey de España . Felipe . Tan poco que yo osarè apostàr que el Rey de Francia gasta mas en Pages , y Lacayos que el de España gasta en todos sus Officiales . Carlos . Es possible esso ? Aunque si bien lo miro , pareceme que el acierta mas , Porque excusa mucho trabajo , y la confusion que ay en la Corte de Francia ; y allende desto es mas el desperdicio que se haze en aquella , que lo que buenamente se gasta . Felipe . Vm. està bien en ello , y en eseto no se hazen alli tantas y insolencias como en otras Cortes mucho menores ; Mas quien quisiere ver la grandeza del Rey de España , que vaya a Naples , Sicilia , Mexico , o Perù , adonde los Virreyes viven con mayor pomp y luzimiento que no haze el Rey a Catolico en sn Palacio ( porque assi llaman la Corte ) en Madrid . Carlos . Pues dexemos de hablar mas destas Cortes , porque no bastaria un dia entero para dezir lo que se pudiera de la una y de la otra ; y prosiga si vm . mandare , su viage . Felipe . Al salir de Madrid tomè el camino de Alcala de Henares famosa Universidad , ye de alli passando por Aranjuez que es otra casa Real mas muy caluroso , por su situation siendo , como dizen ' la tierra circumvezina de un temple Africano ; Alli ay algunas colas muy curiosas ; y de Aranjuez me encaminè para Toledo Ciudad principal de Castilla la nueva , y Arcobispado , el qual es el mas rico de entradas despues del Papadgo , de todos los de la Christianidad : Alli ay una yglesia rara , y un riquissimo tesoro en ella . Carlos . Vio Vm. alli la Torre Encantada , y el artificio con que se sube el agua del Rio hasta lo alto de la Cindad que es tan curioso y renombrado ? Felipe . Quanto a la Torre yo me informè benissimo della , pero no me la supieron ensenār , y assi lo tengo por fabla ; mas el artificio del agua , aunque sea bueno , no tiene que ver con los que se hallan en otras Tierras , como yo he visto en Italia , y Alemaña ; El pueblo de Toledo es muy grave , y subtil , que fue causa del refràn Del Toledano guarte tarde y temprano ; El mas puro Dialecto del Costellano se habla alli , de suerte que ay una ley en España , si huviere alguna diferencia y ambiguidad en la significacion de alguna Palabra Costellana , un Toledano hà de ser el Juèz . Toledo tambien es renombrada por los Consilios generales y Ecumenicos que se tuvieron alli . Carlos . Abrevie vm . si mandàre , y passe adelante en su discurso . Felipe . De Toledo passe por muchedumbre de Lugares , pero no me detuve sino muy poco ; Los mas señalados son Talavera , Truxilla , Merida , y Badaioz postrera Tierra de Castilla adonde se hà de registràr la Ropa , y el dinero ; y a tres leguas de alli en Portugal se registraron otra vez pagando cierta alcavala a la salida de Castilla , y a la entrada de Portugàl . Carlos . Que importunidad es aquella de Registrar tantas vezes , y aun pagar algo del poco dinero que se lleva a cuestas para meter pan en boca . Felipe . Señòr , no ay que apelar sino a la bolsa , y esto puede ser la causa porque se hallan tan pocos caminantes por aquellas Tierras ; y puede Vm. creerme pienso de aver encontrado mas passajeros entre Paris y Orleans que casien todo mi viage en España . Carlos . Bien se lo creo sin que vm . lo jure , porque parece casi una procession la gente que passa por aquella parte de Francia . Felipe . Claro està , y en efeto pienso que ay mas pueblos en Francia entre los dos Rios de sena y la Loira , tomandolos desde su origèn hasta que se entran en la mar , que en toda España . Carlos . Passe vm . adelante en el discurso de su via je si fuere servido de favore cerme . Felipe . Aviendo entrado en Portugal passème a Yelvas bonito lugàr , y assi a Villa vieiosa , despues a Evora Ciudad de cuenta , a Estremoso , a Monte major , y assi passo passico a Lisbona , grandissima Ciudad la qual se puede paragonar a las mejores , y mayores Ciudades de Europa teniendo siete millas enderedòr . Carlos . Li Lisbona siendo una Ciudad tan renombrada porque ay un Refran , Quien no ha visto Lisboa no hà visto cosa-boa , supplico a Vm. que me cuente algo della . Felipe . For çoso es que Lisbona sea antigua , porque suvieio apellido es Olisippo de Vlisse qui pasto por allà ; ella està situada sobre el Taio , y tiene trafego y Tierras en ambas las Indias . El primer Descubridòr de Tierras agenas fue el Infante Don Henrique hijo menòr de los cinco que ganò Don Iuan el primero ( Rey de Portugal ) de Doña Felipa hija de Iuan de Gaunt Duque de Lancastrià en Imglatier●a ; Este Principe Henrique siendo gran Matematico descubrio primero los Açores , y la Madera , y otras Islas en el mar Atlantico ; despues la Guinea , y el passaje a las Indias Orientales por el Capo de buena Esperança , desde que tiempo Lisbona hà florecido maravillosamente ; El hermano mayor del dicho Principe Don Henrique se llama va Don Edovardo ( qui vino ser Rey de Portugal ) el Rey Edovardo tercero , de Ingla-tierra siendo su padrino , que era la primera vez que el nombre de Edoardo ò Duarte fu conocido en Portugal . Lisbona està circuyda de buenos muros y sobre ellos 76 torres , hazia la mar tiene veynte puertas ; Hazia la Tierra firma esta situada sobre cinco montecillos , y es lugar de infinito comercio , &c. Carlos . Beso a Vm. las manos una infirnidàd de vezes por esta relacion tan puntuàl , prosiga , si mandáre , a hablar de otras partes de Portugàl . Felipe . Les segunda Cindad en Portugal es Santeren situada tambien sobre el Tajo ; y la Tercera , es Sinira , situada sobre el Mar Atlantico ; la 4ª Conimbra sobre el rio Mondego ; la 5ª Braga un gran Arcobispado ; 6ª Porto , situada a la boca del Duero ; 7ª Miranda 8ª Bragança , cuyos Duques eran tan grandes Principes que la tercera parte del pueblo vivian sobre sus Tierras ; 9ª Eubora , Arçobispado ; 10ª Portalegre ; 11ª Olivença sobre la Guadiana ; 12ª Beja : Todos estos lugares estan situados sobre Rios considerables . Carlos . Parece que el Reyno de Portugal està bien aguado , teniendo tantos Rios . Felipe . Tendrà como dizen mas de cien y cinquenta Rios grandes y Pequeños ; los principales son el Tajo , el Duero , Guadiana , Minio , &c. Carlos . El Reyno de los Algarves no pertenece a la corona de Portugàl ? Felipe . Si señòr , y tiene buenos lugares , como Faro , Niebla , Villa Maona , Tavila , Lagos , Sylvia , &c. De suerte que el Reyno de Portugal con los Algarves tendra cosa de 400 millas de largo , y 100 de ancho . Carlos . Que son los otros dominios que tiene la Corona de Portugal ? Felipe . En Asia , o en las Indias Orientales tienen tantos que es cosa difficultosa de nombrarlos ; ●ienen Diu en el Reyno de Cambaia ; Tienen Goa en el Reyno de Decan , Damau , Macao en China , y muchos otros lugares y castillos ; En Africa , los Portugueses tienen señoriòs muy largos en los Reynos de Conga y Angola ; Las Islas del Capo Verde que son nueve en numero pertenecen a los Portugueses ; y Tanger en Berberia situado cerca de la boca del Estrecho de Gibraliàr . En las Indias Occidentales tienen Brasil , y una grandissima extendida de t erra , con muy considerables puertos como Todos los santos , Fernambuc , san Salvadòr y diversos otros . Carlos . Muy largos son los Dominios a mi parecer que los Portugueses tienen en todas las quatro partes del mundo , es a saber en Europa , Asia , Africa , y America ; mas de gracia passe Vm. mas adelante . Felipe . Antes que de partirme de Portugàl tengo de confutar un proverbio que tienen los Castellanos , viz. Los Portugueses son pocos y locos ; mas estos años passados se hallan muchos y Mañosos ; Agòra assi lo manda Vm. harè pues un salto desde Lisbona a Sevilla en Andalusia , Ciudad tan estremadamente rica teniendo la casa de contratacion de las Indias y magnifica , que ay dos Refranes della , el uno , quien no ha visto S●villa no ha visto Marauilla ; el otro , A quien Dios quiere bien en Sevilla le da a comer . Carlos . Ayotro dicho qui yo entendi , que las calles de Sevilla son como lostrebejos del axedres tantos prietos quantos blancos , referiendo a los esclavos Moriscos que ay alli en gran numero ; y de Sevilla adonde se encaminava vm ? Felipe . De Sevilla passe por Carmona , yezij● , que son dos indifferences Tierras , y de la a Cordoua adonde vi la famosa mesquita que los moros llamavan Ceca , fabrica muy admirable , y el mas entero de quantas he visto en mi vida de los Antiguos aunque he peregrinado en muchas partes ; En Cordoua ay la mas escogida casta de Ginetes , que son tan sueltos y ligeros que dizen que estan engendrados del viento . Carlos . De Cordoua donde fue vuestra merced ! Felipe . A Granada cabeja de un Reyno el ultimo que perdieron ls Moros , adonde vi el Alhambra cosa grandiosa ; De Granada boluimea Malaga el principal ectanco de vino● , adonde vila la puerta que trae el nombre de Cava hij a de Don Iulian que el Rey Don Rodrigo avi● desflorecido , y el conde Don Iulian su●p●dre por veng●rse del agravio introduxo los M●ros los qu●les senoreavan en España mas de 700 años , y assii devino Traydor a su patria . Carlos . Assi lo fue , y muy infame traydor , porque la ofensa siendo particular no era y gual a la venganz● que era tan general . Felipe . Despues yo passe por G●adix , Baca , Lorca , y Cartagena llave del Reyno de Marcia antigua poblacion , adonde ay vn muy famoso y convenable puerto de mar , el mejor de quantos ay en España , porque los navios aportando alli qu edam ●nceroados coma en una caxa , y abrigados de ●as borrascas . Carlos . He leydo , que Felipe el segundo preguntando a Andrea D●na ( gran navegador ) qual er a el mejor puerto de España , respondio donosamente , Iunio , Iulio , y Car●agena , porque en aquellos meses todos puertes son buenos por la mansedumbre de la sazon ; y de Cartagena adoude ? Felipe . A Murcia , que fue cabe ça de un Reyno en tiempo de Moros , el principal estanco de seda ; De al●i passe por Origuela , y Elche a Alicante llave del Reyno de Valencia lugar de buen comercio ; De Alicante passe por Xativa , y otros lugares a Valencia ci●dad bizzarra en estremo , Tierra muy viciosa , y delicada ; Los animales brutos alli hazen ●us estrados de flores , como de romarino y otros vegetables odoriferos ; De Valencia passè a Morviedre que era Sagunto donde ay muchos rastros de antiguedad ; de alli a Castillon de la plana , y assi a Saragoça Metropple de Aragòn , Ciudad muy sobervia , y la Tierra enderedor fecundissima donde se come el mejor pan de toda España . Carlos . De Sarogoça por doude adereçava vm sus passos ? Felipe . Por Cataluña ; yo pense ver Tortosa , y Tarragona , màs no avia comodidad , y ansi passando por Lerida lugar muy bien poblado , y Universidàd , garè Barcel●na la cabe ça del Reyno de Cataluña , Ciudàd muy rica , y soberbia por sus edificios ; passe tambien por Nuestra Senōra de Monserrate , adonde sos Pelegrinos acuden de todas partes ; Desques passe por Gyrona , y assi al condado de Ruys●llon , adonde està Perpiñan muy buena tierra con un fuerte Castillo , que agora pertenece al Rey de Francia , y al fin ganando Salsas salj de España con harto trabajo aviendo atravessado dos vezes los montes pyrenèos , y allà tambien las Guardas me quitaron algo del poco dinero que me quedava . Carlos . Aquellas Guardas son muy enfadosas a los passageros ; Hè oydo hablar de un pintor Francès , que a viendo medrado vna suma confiderable de dinero trocava todo en pistoletes de oro los quales tragava ; y las Gu●rdas aviendo tenido noticia a●tes , que traya una cantidad de dinero acuestas , y aviendo escudriñado por todas pares sin ecetar la boca , y el salvonòr echaronle entre quatro muros , y le dieron pildoras , y ona melezina de suerte que las Guardas hallaron todo el dinero : Mas como tratarona vm en las ventas por donde passava ? Felipe . Aquellos Venteros son medio ladrones , porque en algunas partes p●den dos vezes mas que la cosa vale ; Por tanto yo concluyrè con un donoso cuento de lo que acontecio cerca de Girona ; Vn passagero llegò a vn lugar do avia dos ventas cercanas vna al otra con vn Crucifixo en el medio , el passagero mirando lo , dixo , a l'oydo de su huesped , nuestro señor està aqui como estava puesto en la cruz entre dos ladrones , ( entendiendo los dos Venteros . Como senòr , ●à venido vm aqui por afrentarme dixo su huesped , el passa jero replicava , no os enojeys mi huesped , porque yo os tengo por el buen lad●òn . Carlos . Semejante a este cuento , es vn otro de vn Tudesco qui passando cerca de Alcala de Henares donde ay dolces y riquissimos vinós , y llegado que avia a vna venta , bevio 4 a çumbres de vino , y assi fue todo emborrachado a la cama ; El dia siguiente preguntando a su huespeda que avia a pagar , dixo cinco açumbres ; Esto no puede serreplico el Tudesco , porque no cabran en mis tripas mas de 4 açumbres aviendolas medido muchas vezes ; la hues peda respondio , señor , como este vino era muy bueno y fuerte , vn açumbre subia a la cabeza , y los demas quedaron en las tripas , que hasen cinco açumbres en todo . THE PERAMBULATION OF Spain and Portugal ; In a Discours 'twixt CHARLES and PHILIP . Charles . GOD give you very good dayes Sir Philip , It is a great while since I saw you ; tell me , if you be pleas'd , Where have you bin so long ? and whence com you now ? Philip. You are very well met Sir Charles , I rejoyce in my soul to see you with health ; and , since you command it , I will tell you whence I com , I am newly com from Spain . Charles . From Spain ? God bless me , and what was the cause ( under favor ) that made you to undergo such a journey ? for they say , that it is a tedious Countrey to Passengers . Philip. Sir , Curiosity was the cause ; but let us go into the House , and I will give you account at large of what you will desire to know , but chiefly the cours that he is to take , who hath a mind to go unto that Countrey . Charles . But let us dine first , and if you please , we will dine together in that Tavern which is a very neat hous , and well provided ; and then you may please to relate unto me more at lesure when the Table is taken away . Philip. Be it in a very good hower , for I accept of the favor you do me to conduct me to so good a House , for it is a good while since I found any . Charles . What do you tell me ? Is it possible that you did not find such in your travels , Spain being so good a Countrey , and abounding in all things ? Philip. She might be good , were it not for the slothfulnes of the peeple , who do not cultivat the ground not ne●r the third part ; otherwise of its own nature t is good enough , but since the expulsion of the Moores it is not so much tilld . Charles . Then Sir , you inferr that the slothfulness of the Inhabitants is the cause of ill accommodation . Philip. Ther 's no doubt of that , because the earth cannot produce unlesse it bee tilld , therfore ther is a want of necessary provision , so that in some places ther is but the cask of a House , with a little napery , but sometimes ther are no beds at all for Passengers in the Inns , or Ventas . Charles . I pray , do me the favor as tell me what Venta is ? Philip. Ventas are Lodgings which are found in the Countrey , and on the Kings high-way , where if Passengers meet , they must carry their Knapsacks well provided of what is necessary ; otherwise they may go to bed supperles , for there is nothing to be had , but Barly and Straw for your Mules ; and if haply ther be any thing it is a little bread and wine , and it may be som few eggs , and puddings . Charles . I pray do me the favour as relate unto me the successe of your journey when you entred Spain , and that which principally passd in places most remarkable , that I may know how to govern my self , if perchance I have a disposition one day to go to that Countrey . Philip. Sir , as I took farwell of France , I passed by that River the Dordonna , that divides her from Spain , which is neer Iron not far from Fuentarabia , I had noon at the' sayd place of Iron , and at night I gaind San Sebastian the first fortified place of Biscay , and a sea Port. Charles . In those frontire places , are ther not Gards to look what Travellers passe ? Philip. Yes that ther are ; t is tru that at your entrance into Spain they give no obstacle ; but one thing must be don when one comes to Iron , which is , that the party must manifest all which he carries about him , whether Goods or Iewels , as likewise the very Money he carries for his ordinary expences , all which he must register , and pay what is taxed by the Customers ; then they give him a little Cedule , which they call Albaràn , and it is a kinde of Pasport , because the Gards may not seize upon what he carries for want of registring . Charles . And are all kind of persons used th●● , whether Forren , or Natives ? Philip. They except none , and that which is worse , the Gards who lye at the Catch at the other Gate , if they please , they will make you alight , for to search whether one carries any thing that is not mention'd in the Albaràn ; But the best cours is for preventing this importunity , to throw them a piece of Money according to the quality of the person . Charles . By this means , Sir , they know what Money one carries about him , and so he runs a hazard to be follow'd and rob'd , or it may be to be kil'd . Philip. This needs not to be fear'd ; for there 's little ta'lk in Spain of High-way men and Thieves , unlesse it be in Catalonia , which is more frequented by Passengers then any other ; for all those who com from Italy , or from those parts of France do pass that way to the Spanish Court ; moreover it is the most populous Province of Spain . Charles . Well , when you parted from San Sebastian , whither did you direct your cours ? Philip. I took the road of Navarr , where I saw Pampelona the principal City of that Kingdom ; and therein the famous Castle , which is somewhat like that of Antwerp . Charles . And doth not the Kingdom of Navarr appertain to the King of France ? Philip. That Kingdom divides it self into two parts , that on this side the Pyrenean hills , which belongs to the King of France ; the other beyond the Hills , which is the Kings of Spain , a goodly Countrey , and gallant peeple not ill affected to the French. Charles . From thence whither did you bend your cours ? for in my judgment you left the ordinary Road that leads to Madrid . Philip. 'T is a great truth , for I left the Road of Victoria , and the Port of Saint Adrian , and struck in at Logronio , a Countrey good enough , situate upon the River of Ebro , neer a Mountain , where in ancient time the City of Cantabria was ; which gave the name to that Province , which at this day contains , Biscay , Navarre , Guipuzcoa , and other particular places , which were too long to relate now . Charles . Surely you have pretermitted divers other places which I find in the Map that are of the Kingdom of Navarre . Philip. You dovery well to put me in remembrance , and there are two signal places which I pretermitted ; And those are Estella de Navarra ( the Star of Navarre ) which is the Vniversity of that Kingdom , and the Town is sited in a place full of amenity ; The other place is La puente de la Reyna ( the Queens-Bridge ; ) And besides those two , there is another call'd Viana , a corrupted name of Diana ; for in ancient times there was a Temple dedicated there to that Goddess . Charles . I pray passe on , and doe not make a halt in places of small consideration , for I believe you have a great journey to make . Philip. Since you will have it so , I will make a leap from Logronio , to Santo Domingo de la Calçada , which is a Town in Rioja neer the mountains de Oca ( of the Goose ) where is to be seen neer the Church , a living Cock , and Hen , which were of the bro●d of those , that being roasted , turned to life again . Charles . Peradventure they may be those of that Miracle which happened to a young French Pilgrim , who was hang'd in that place for a Theef , whose Parents returning from performance of their Pilgrimage to Santjago , and passing by the Gallowes they found him alive again . Philip. They say , they are of the same ; And the custom is , that the Passengers who go in Pilgrimage that way , do take some of their Feathers and wear them in their Hats ; and , were not the story too long ; I would give you a more particular account , but I will put it off to another time . Charles . However , I pray do me the favour Sir , as to pursue what you have begun , and may it be in a good hour . Philip. Since it is your pleasure , and that you delight so much therein , I will proceed ; From San Domingo I passed to Burgos the Cape City of old Castile , 'twixt whom and Toledo there have been often contests for priority . Charles . I have read so ; but in a Parlement which was held once at Toledo , King Philip the Second , appeased this Contestation very wisely for that time , which happened thus : The Burgesses of both Cities sitting in Parlement , they contested who should speak first , and the contest grew very hot , when the King did suddenly rise , and said , Let Burgos speak , touching Toledo I will speak for Her my self ; and to this day the King is counted Burgess of Toledo . Philip. It was a very signal passage , and were it for nothing else , Philip the Second deserv'd the attribute of Prudent ( which is given him ) for this speech alone ; but let us go ●n : In Burgos there is a Monastery without the City , where that miraculous Crucifix is , whose nails and hair are clip'd once a moneth . The great Church of Burgos is a very stately Fabric ; There is also a Castle but not very considerable . Charles . And with your favor , Whither did you direct your way from the City of Burgos ? Philip. To Valladolid a goodly fair Village , and well peepled , where one of the Chanceries of Spain resides . Charles . But do you call Valladolid a Village , being so great a place , and where the Catholick Court kept so long ? Philip. Yes Sir , 't is but a Village , because 't is not encompass'd with walls , and they have two Proverbs , Village for Village , and Valladolid in Castile ; City for City , and Lisbon in Portugal . Charles . Well , let us detain our selfs no longer in this place , let us proceed further , if you please . Philip. From thence I went to Medina del Campo , an indifferent good Countrey , where there are famous Libraries ; I went thither in the Evening , nnd the next morning following I took the Ro●d of Salamanca , a great place , and the most illustrious Vniversity of Spain , I viewed there the Colledges , which are in great number , and well built ; As also the ●ridge rear'd up by the Romans , and the Bull which is at the entrance , wherof Lazarillo de Tormes speaks . Charles . Did it fortune you to see the House of Celestina ? Philip. Sir , they pointed at the place where it was , but I had not so much curiosity to go and see it , besides , me thinks it is a fained thing . Charles . I have heard say , that there were at one time fifteen thousand Scholars in Salamanca , which me thinks is strange , Spain being so thin peepled , and there being 16 Vniversities more . Philip. It may well be so , because Salamanca is situated almost in the center of Spain , whither they have easie recourse from all parts ; But the major part of the Scholars are Oppidanes , who lodge out of the Colledges . Charles . I have read a Proverb , A Farthing in Salamanca is better then a fair Face ; but you may please to proceed . Philip. From Salamanca I took the Road of Segovia , a famous place for many things which are there remarkable ; The first is the Monastery of Parral , which is without the City ; Then the M●nt-house ; Then the renowned Alc●sar , and Segovia Bridge , which indeed is but an Aqueduct made of marvellous big stones ; but above all , the fine Woollen Cloths that are made there . From Segovia I pass'd the Port of Guadarrama , having in the way seen a great Edifice call'd La casa del Campo , built among Woods ; and having pass'd Guadarrama , I came to the Escurial , the eighth wonder of the World ; But because there would need a whole Volume to describe as well the Church , the Librarie , the Quadrangles , the Kings Quarter , as also the delicate Waters , Orchards , and Fountains , which are found there ; therfore I referre it to the diltgence , and curiosity of such who desire to know things exactly , and at large . Charles . Well , I hope to see it one day , if God give me the grace ; but what a glorious thing it is , that one House should be a Monastery , a Royal Palace , and an Vniversity ? Philip. Being departed from the Escurial I went to Madrid , passing in the way by La casa del prado , where the King useth to reside often . Charles . Since we are now come to Madrid , I pray what do you think of the Catholic Court. Philip. I will tell you no more , but that it may be call'd a thin Court in comparison of others . Charles . How can that be , the Spanish King being so great a Monarch ; and hath he not a Court correspondent to his greatnes ? Philip. You must know , that there is a great deal of gravity and state in the Catholic Court , but little noise , and few people , so that it may be call'd a Monastery , rather then a Royal Court. Charles . By this means the King of Spain spends not much . Philip. So little , that I dare wager the French King spends more in Pages and Laquays , then he of Spain among all his Court-Attendants . Charles . Is it possible ? Yet when I think well of it , I find that he is more in the right , in regard that much trouble , and confusion is avoided , which the French Court is subject unto ; Moreover , the wast which is made in that Court , is more then what is necessarily expended . Philip. You have reason on your side , besides , ther are not so many insolencies committed in that Court which are done in farr lesser ; but he who will behold the greatnes of the King of Spain , let him go to Naples or Sicilia , to Mexico or Peru , &c. where the Spanish Vice-roys live in greater lustre and magnificence then the King himself doth in his Palace , for so they call the Court in Madrid . Charles . Well , let us give over speaking further of these Courts , for a whole day would not suffice to discourse of this subject and pursue , if you please , your journey . Philip. From Madrid I took the Road of Alcala de Henares , a famous Vniversity ; and passing thence to Aranjuez , which is another of the Kings Houses , but excessive hot by its situation , being , as they say , with the circumjacent Countrey of an African temper : There are many curiosities to be seen there , but I stayed as little as I could , and went the way of Toledo , the chief City of Old Castile , and an Archbishopric , the richest for Revenues , except the Popedom , of any in Christendom ; There is there a sumptuous Cathedral with a rich Tresury belonging thereunto . Charles . Did you see the Enchanted Tower ; As also the great Artifi●e whereby the Water ascends from the River to the upper part of the City , which is so curious , and so much spoken of ? Philip. Concerning the Tower I informed my self as much as I could , but I could find nothing to any purpose , so that I take it for a Fable ; But touching the Artifices of making the River-water to mount up , I have seen better in Italy and Germany . The peeple of Toledo is grave and subtil , which was the cause of the Proverb , From a Toledan take heed night and day ; The purest Castilian Dialect is spoken there , so that there is a law in Spain , if there be any ambiguity , or that there happen any difference about the sense of a word , a Toledan is to be Iudge . Toledo also is renowned for some Ecumenical , and General Councels which have been held there . Charles . I humbly thank you for these remarkable observations , and may you please to go on in your journey . Philip. From Toledo I passed by many places , but I did not stay any time in them ▪ The most remarkab●e places were , Talavera , Truxilla , Merida , and Bada●●z the Confines of Castile , where Goods and Money are to be registred ; And three Leagues thence I was forced to register them again , paying a certain Toll going out of Castile , and entring into Portugal . Charles . What an odd importunity 〈◊〉 that , to register so often , and withall to pay something out of that small parcel of Money which one carries about him to put bread in his mouth . Philip. There is no appeal but to the Purse , and this may be the cause why so few Passengers are found in those Countreys ; and truly you may believe me , I think I 〈◊〉 more Passengers 'twixt Paris and Orleans , then I found well neer in all this journey through Spain . Charles . I am easily induced to believe that , because the peeple that pass that way , are so thick , that it may be called a Procession . Philip. 'T is very tru , insomuch that I think ther 's more peeple in France , 'twixt the Seine and the Loire , taking them from their source till they disgorge into the Sea , th●n there is in all Spain . Charles . I pray proceed still in the account of your journey , if you please to favour mee so much . Philip. Having entred Portugal , I passed to Yelvas a pretty place , and so to Villa viciosa , then to Evora a City of account ; thence to Estremoso , so to Monte Mayor , and so by degrees to Lisbon , a great City which may be compared to the best , and biggest Cities of Europe , having seven miles compass . Charles . Lisbon being so renowned a City , because there is a Proverb , Who hath not seen Lisbon , hath not seen a good thing , I pray Sir make som relation of it . Philip. The City of Lisbon must needs be very ancient , for her old name is Olisippo , of Ulisses , who passed that way ; she is situated upon the River Tagus , and she hath traffic and possessions in both the Indies . The first Discoverer of Forrein Countreys was Don Henrique , youngest son of five which John the first ( King of Portugal ) gain'd of the Lady Philippa Daughter to John of Gant Duke of Lancaster ; The said Prince Henrique being vers'd in the Mathematiques , discovered first the Azores , and the Madera's with other Islands in the Atlantic Ocean ; Then Guiney , and after the Passage to the East Indies , was found out by the Cape of good Hope , since which time Lisbon hath marvailously flourished ; The eldest Brother of the said Henrique ( who came to be King of Portugal ) was call'd Edward ; Edward the third , King of England , having been his Godfather ; which was the first time that the name Edward , whom they call Duarte was known in Portugal . Lisbon is encir●led with good Walls , upon which there are 76 Turrets ; towards the Sea , she hath twenty Gates ; she is situated upon five Hills , and is a place of infinit Traffic . Charles . I thank you a thousand times over for your Relation , which is so punctual ; you may proceed , if it stands with your pleasure , to speak of other parts of Portugal . Philip. The second Town in Portugal is Santeren , situated also upon the River of Tagus ; The third is Sintra , upon the Atlantic Sea ; The fourth Conimbra , upon the River Mondego ; The fifth Braga great Archbishoprick ; The sixth Porto at the mouth of the River Duero ; The seventh Miranda ; The eighth Braganza , whose Dukes were such great Princes , that the third part of the peeple of the Kingdom liv'd upon their Lands ; The ninth Eubora , an Archbishopric ; The tenth Portolegre ; The Eleventh Olivenz● upon Guadiana ; The twelfth Beja : All these Towns are situated upon considerable Rivers . Charles . It seems that the Kingdom of Portugal is well watered , having so many Rivers . Philip. They say it hath in all above 150 great and small Rivers , whereof the chief are Tagus , Duero , Guadiana , Minio , &c. Charles . The Kingdom of the Algarves , doth it not appertain to the Crown of Portugal ? Philip. Yes Sir , and it hath many good Towns , as Faro , Niebla , Villa Maona , Tavila , Lagos , Sylvia , and others ; so that the Kingdom of Portugal with Algarve , is about 400 miles in length , and 100 broad . Charles . What other Dominions are there , over which the Crown of Portugal doth Lord it ? Philip. In Asia , or the East Indies , they have so many that ther is som difficulty to number them ; They have Diu in the Kingdom of Cambaia ; They have Goa in the Kingdom of Decan , and Dama● ; They have Macao in China , with sundry other Towns , Castles , and places of Fastness . In Afric they have large Possessions , in the Kingdom of Congo and Angòla ; The Isles of Cape Verd , nine in number , are theirs , as also Tanger in Barbary , neer the Streights of Gibraltar . In the West Indies they have Brasil , with a vast extent of ground , and divers considerable Ports , as Todos los santos , Fernambuc , san Salvadòr , with others . Charles Truly me thinks those Dominions are very large , which the Crown of Portugal hath in all the four parts of the World , viz. Europe , Asia , Africa , and America ; but I pray proceed further . Philip. Before I budge from Portugal , I will confute a Pr●verb which the Castilians have , viz. Los Portugueses son locos y pocos , The Portugueses are Fools and few ; but of late yeers the Castilian hath found them Many , and no Fools ; But now since it is your pleasure , I will make a hop from Lisbon to Sevil in Andaluzia , a City extremely rich , having the Contratation-house of the West-Indies ; so that ther are two Proverbs of Her. The first , Who hath not seen Sevill , hath seen no Wonders : The other , Whom God loves , he gives him his bread in Sevill . Charles . I have heard another saying that the Streets of Sevill are like a chess-board who hath as many black as white men , alluding to the multitude of Morisco slaves which are there . Philip. From Sevill I pass'd by Carmona , and Ezija which are pretty indifferent places , and thence to Cordova where I saw that famous Mesqu●ta ( or Church ) which the Moors call'd Ceca an admired fabrick , and the most entire of any ancient peice that ever I saw in my life , though I have travers'd a great part of the world ; In Cordova there is the choisest race of Ginetts , which are so fleet and light that they say they are engendred of the wind . Charles . From Cordova whither did you direct your course● Philip. To Granada the Metropolis of a Kingdom the last which the Moors lost ; There I saw the Alhambra a glorious piece ; From Granada I turn'd to Malaga the chief staple of Wine , where I saw the Gate which bears the name of Cava ( daughter to Don Julian ) which being deflowr'd by the then King Don Rodrigo the said Don Julian her Father to revenge himself of the affront , brought in the Moores who lorded in Spain 700 yeers , and so he became a Traytor to his own Country . Charles . So he was , an infamous Traytor ; for the offence being but particular , was nothing equal to the Revenge which was so general . Philip. After that , I passed by Guadix , Baca , Lorca , and so I came to Carthagena , the Key of the Kingdome of Murica , An ancient Colony , wher thre is a famous and convenient Haven , the best of any in Spain , for Shipps when they arrive there are as it were shut up in a box , and fenced from all storms . Charles . I have read that Philip the second asking Andrea Doria a great Seaman Which was the best Port in all Spain ? he answered pleasantly June , July , and Cartagena ; for in those two months any port is good because of the mildnesse of the Season , and from Cartagena whither . Philip. To Murcia , which was the head of a Kingdom in the time of the Moors , it is the cheif staple of Silk ; Thence I pass'd by Origuela , aud Elche to Alicant the Key of the Kingdom of Valencia , a place of good traffic , though it have no Port but a Road ; Thence I pass'd by Xativa , and other places to Valencia , an extreme bewtiful City , and a wanton delicat soyle about , so that the brute animals there make themselves beds of flowers , as Rosemary and other odoriferous Vegetables ; From Valencia I pass'd to Morviedre , which was old Sagunto , wher ther are many peeces of antiquity ; Thence by Castillon de la plana , and divers j●lly towns , I came to Saragossa the Metropolis of Aragon , a prowd stately Citly , and the circumjacent soil extreme fertil , for the best bread in Spain is eaten there . Charles . From Saragossa whither did you direct your journey ? Philip. For Catalunia ; I thought to have seen Tortosa and Taragona , but I had no conveniency ; so passing by Lerida a wel-peepeld place , and an University , I gain'd Barcelona the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Catalunia , a prowd Citty both for her riches and buildings ; I saw also our Lady of Mon●errat , where Pilgrims of all Nations resort ; Afterwards I pass'd by Girona , and so to the County of Russllion , a good Countrey with a well Fortified Castle which appertaines now to the King of France ; And at last gaining Salsas , I made a sally out of Spain having twice travers'd the Pyren●àn hills , and there allso they took from mee som of that mony which I had remaining . Charles . Those Gards are very troublesom to passengers ; I have heard of a French Painter who having got a considerable som of mony changed all into small pistolets of gold , which he swallowed down , The Gards having notice before hand that he carried a quantity of mony about him , and searching narrowly every place , his mouth and his tayle not excepted they threw him twixt fowe● walls , and administred unto him som pills , and a glister , so that the Gards found all the mony by this means : But how were you usd in your Inns or Ventas as you passd along . Philip. Those Inkeepers are half theefs in som places , because they demand twice as much as the thing is worth ; Now , will I conclude with a merry tale of what happend neer Girona ; A passenger arrivd at a place wher ther were two Inns , and in the middle betwixt them ther stood a Crucifix , The passenger looking upon the Picture of it , sayed in the hearing of his host , Our Saviour is here , as hee was upon the Crosse between two Theefs meaning the two Inkeepers , How Sir , said his Host are you com hi ther to affront us ? The Passenger replyed , Hold your self contented mine Host , for I take you for the good Theef . Charles . Not much unlike to this , is another Tale which I heard spoken of a high Dutchman , who passing by Alcala wher ther are sweet , and rich wines , and being com to a Venta , He drank fower quarts of wine , and so went drunk to bed ; The next day , asking his Hostesse what was to pay , she said 5 quarts of wine ; That cannot be , for my gutts will not hold above fower for I have mesurd them often this way , The Hostesse replied , O Sir this wine being so good , and strong , one quart went up to the brain , and the other fower remained in your belly , which makes in all five quarts . Carta COMPVESTA de Ochenta y dos REFRANES , Concurrientes Todos , PARA LA CONSERVATIÒN DE LA Salùd Umana . Mi Senor Don L : LA Salud es la cosa que mas importa al cuerpo umano , Es la ioya mas preciosa de quantas la Natura tiene en todo su retrete por tanto yo le encomiendo tres Dotores para mantenerla , es a saber , El Dotor Dieta , el Dotor Reposo , y el Dotor Gozo . Tocante el postrero , bien se sabe por Experiencia Que es aquel gran espejo de sabiduria , Que vna onça de alegria vale mas que cien quintales de melancolia , pesadumbre no paga deudas ; y el Cuydado en demasia roe hasta el tuetano ; Coraçòn contento es gran talento ; que puede dezir Alegramente , el diablo es muerto , y el Italiano dize que poo cibo & men affanno , sanita del corpo fanno ; Tambien dize , Grave dura non ti punga , & sarà la tua vita lunga . To cante el seg●ndo Dotò , que mira al govierno del Cuerpo , es mucha verdàd que poca fatiga es gran salud ; Bueno es passear hasta que se vea la sangre en la mexilla , no el sudor en la frente ; Porlo que toca al sueño que es el Rey de Reposo , Duerme el dia quando quisieres , y la noche quanto pudieres ; Sea la noche noche , y el dia dia , y Viviras con alerina ; pero , Q●ien quiere bien dormir que compre la cama de vn deudòr ; Allende desto , Come poco , y cena mas duerme en alto y viviràs ; però sobre la sombra del nogal no te pong s a acostar ; M●s desto , Bueno es madrugàr , porque Quien el diablo l à de engañar , de mañana se hà de levantar ; Tambien tenga cuenta de yrse a la mañana a la p●scaria , y la tarde a la carneceria , porque pece y huesped presto hieden . Tocante la cobertura del cuerpo , si quieres vivir sano hazte viejo temprano ; no dexes los pelliscos hasta que vengan los Galileos ; Buena regla es , Que yo ande caliente , y riase la gente , Otra ay mas particulàr , Euxuto el pie , caliente la cabeçc , por el resto vive como bestia ; escuche tambien lo que dize el Ro mano , Vesti caldo , mangia poco , bevi assai & vir viai . Quanto a las partes del cuerpo , adviertase . Que los o jos siendo malos se han de curar con el codo ; Los dientes no piden in mucho cuydado , ni demasiado descuydo ; Quando te dolieren las tripas hazlo saber al culo ; Mee claro y caga bien , y higa para el Medico ; Añadese a esto , si meare ; de color de florin , echa el Medico para ruyn ; Toda via , Quien mea y no pee , và a la Co●te y al Rey no vee ; sepasi tambien , Que a la gota el Medico no vee gota . Tocante el Casamiento el dicho del Marquès de mirabè● se ha de observar , el qual siendo preguntado como avia vivido tantos años ( porque tenia mas de ochenta ) respondio , Casème tarde y embiudème temprano ; si quieres hembra escoje la Negra , Porque Muger Negra trementina en ella ; Tambien dize Frances , Fille brunette gaye & nette ; Escoj● la tambien el sabado , y no el Domingo ; Pero Muger roxa y barbuda de cien p●ssos la saluda , M●s de esto , muger , anade y cabra mala cosa siendo Magra , Para mientes tambien a este cumplimiento , Junio , Julio y Agosto , señora mia no os conosco . Tocante el Doctor D●eta que pr●dominà mucho sobre la salùd , es Regla general , Quien mucho come , poco come , el Italiano dize Bisogna far tre pasti di star sano , vn buono , vn cattivo , & ●n mezzano ; Quien come bien y bien beve , haze lo que deve , Pero a buen comer o a mal comer tres vezes haz de bever . Por lo que toca a la bevanda , Beved agua como un buey , y vino como vn rey ; El agua tiene tres excellentes virtudes , Ni enferma , ni adeuda , ni embiuda , Toda via dizen que Agua fria y pan caliente nunca hizieron buen vientre : Siempre a higo Agua , ya la pera Vino : Tambien a bocado haròn espolado de Vino : Pero vino transnochado no vale vn cornado : Dixo la leche al vino bien vengais , amigo . Tocante los manjares , es Regla muy saludable , Quien quisiere vivir sano , coma poco , y cene temprano : Cabrito de vn mes , rezental de tres : Vn huevo escaseza , dos gentileza , tres valentia , quatro vellaqueria : Dizese , Que si el Villano supiesse el sabor de la gallina en el Henero , no dexaria ninguna en el pollero : Escojase siempre leche de cabra , manteca de vaca , y queso de oveja : Pero , se hà de observar , Que el queso que vien de corta mano es el mas sano : Alos moços està permitido de comer mas amenudo que a los otros , porque dizen , que el moço creciente ha●el lobo en el Avientre , mas , to cante los Viejos se dize que Q●ien hurta la cena al Viejo , no le haze agravio : por tanto es buen precepto para los de dad Quien no cena no hà menester Avicena , Otros dizen Que mas matò la cena que no sanò Avicena : De suerte que si tuvieres gana de morir cena con carne assada y echate a dormir : Añadese a esto , que si quieres comida mala , come la liebre assada . Quien en Mayo come sardina en Agosto caga la Espina : Et Quien come Caracoles en Abril apareje cera y pavil ; Toda via Quando llueve y haze sol coge el caracol ; No ay Caldo como el çumo guijarra ; Pero Ni Olla sin tocino , ni Sermon sin Agustino . Tocante las frutas y legumbres , observese que Pan reziente y uvas , a las moças ponen mudas , y alas viejas quitan las arrugas ; Azeytuna oro es vna , dos plata , tercera mara , Niespolo despedr ado es buen bocado ; Pera que dize Rodrigo no vale vn higo ; Otros dizen , La Muger y la pera la que calla es buena ; El Francès tiene vna notable caucion tocante esta fruta , es a saber , Apres la poire ou le vin ou le prestre ; Mis , sobre melòn , vino follon ; Con todo sea sal , porque dize el Francès , Cest vn banquet pour le diable ou il n y a point du sel ; Tocante el Hinojo , y la ruda , ay dos refranes muy señalados , viz : Quien hinojo vee y no lo coge , diablo es que no hombre : El otro , si supiesse la muger la virtud de la Ruda la buscaria de noche a la luna , &c. En Observando estas Reglas se podria vivir tanto quantos vn Elefante que es de mas larga vid● de quantos animales ay , segun aquel Refiàn gradual , Vn sero dura tres años ; Vn perro tres setos : Tres perros vn Cavallo : Tres Cavallos vn Hombre : Tres Hombres vn Ciervo ; Tres Ciervos duran vn Elefante . No soy Por mas , si no , qu●e desseandole en conclusion , Salud y G●zo , y Casa con vn cor●●t y pozo le quedo de todas mis entrañ●s su Criado mayor , porque . Quisiere aunque soy Chico , Ser , en serville Gigante , I. H. The same rendered into English. Fourscore SPANISH PROVERBS couch'd in one Familiar LETTER , Concurring All to one congruous Sense , AND Conducing to the Preservation OF Human Health . SIR , HEalth is a thing that most imports a Human Body ; It is the most precious jewel that Nature hath in all her Cabinet . Therfore I recommend unto you three Doctors for the maintenance therof ▪ to wit , Doctor Diet , Doctor Quiet , and Docter Merriman . Touching the last , 't is well known by Experience which is the great Looking-glass of Wisedom , That an ounce of Mirth is more worth then a hundred stone of melancholy ; Sorrow quits no scores ; And too much care corrodes , and eats to the very marrow ; A heart content is a great Talent ; A heart which may say Alegramente , the Devil is dead ; And the Italian will tell you . That a little meat and lesse grief make a healthful body . Touching the second Doctor , which concerns the Government of the Body , 'T is a great truth , That a little toyl is great health : 'T is good to walk till the bloud appears in the cheek , but not the sweat on on the brow : Touching sleep who is the King of repose , Sleep in the day what thou wilt , and in the night as much as thou ca●st ; but make night of night , and day of day , then thou mayst sing welladay ; But he who doth desire to sleep soundly , let him buy the boulster of a Bankrupt : Moreover , Dine with little , sup with less , sleep high and thou wilt live ; But take heed of sleeping on the shadow of a Wall-nut-tree ; Besides , 't is good to rise early ; for , He who will cosen the Devil , must rise betimes : Go also early to the Fish-market , and late to the Shambles ; for Fish and Guests quickly stink . Concerning thy clothes , or coverings of thy body , If thou wilt be healthful make thy self old betimes ; Leave not thy Furrs till the Galileans come ( viz. till Ascenfion-day , when that Scripture is read ) It was a good saying , Let me go warm , and let the wor●d laugh at me as long as it wi● : Ther 's another rule , Keep thy head dry , and thy head hot , and for the rest live like a Beast ( viz. eat and drink no more then will s●ffice Nature . ) Concerning the parts of the Body , Take notice that when the eyes are sore , cure them with thy Elbow , ( viz. thou must not finger them ) : The Teeth require not much care , nor too much neglect : When thy ●uts ake make it known to thy tail ; Piss clear , and go well to stool , and a fig for the Physitian : Whereunto may be added , If thy Vrine be bright yellow , piss upon the Doctors head ; Our Gransires said , That he who pisseth without a report backward , goes to C●urt and sees not the King : Touching the Govt , the Physitian is but a l●ut . Concerning Mariage , the saying of the old Marquis of M● is observable , who being asked how he came to live so long in such health , he answered , I married late , and I became a widdower betimes . If thou desirest a wife , choose her upon a Saturday , rather than upon Sunday ( in her fine clothes ) : And if thou canst , choose a black one , for they say , in a black woman there is Turpentine ; whereunto the French-man alludes something , A brown Lasse is gay and cleanly : but for a red-hair'd , or bearded woman , salute them a hundred paces off . Touching Doctor Diet , who predominats much over Human health , 't is a general rule , That he who eats much , eats but little ; the Italian saith , That to preserve health , one must make three meals a day , one good , one bad , and another indifferent meal : 't is observed , that he who eats well , and drinks well , doth his business ; but , whether you di●e well , or ill , be sure to drink thrice . Touching drinks , Drink Water like an Ox , and Wine like a King : Water hath three excellent vertues , for it neither makes one sick , nor puts one in debt , nor makes one a widdower ; yet cold Water and hot Bread never made good belly . After the Fig , Water ; after the Pear , Wine : A jadish bit requires a spur of Wine ; but Wine that stood all night is not worth a mite : The Milk told the Wine , Welcom friend , Wine upon Milk is mine ; Milk upon Wine is thine . Touching meats : It is a wholsom precept , Who will live healthful , let him dine sparingly , and sup betimes : Touching flesh , a Kid of a month , and a Lamb of three , are best : For Eggs , one is scarsenes , two is gentlenes , three stoutnes , and four are roguishnes . They say , that if the Country-man knew the goodnes of a Hen in January , he would not leave one in his roost house : Goats Milk , Cow Butter , and Sheeps Cheese are best ; but for Cheese , that 's best which comes from a miser's hand : Young men are allow'd to eat oftener then men in years ; for , they say , a growing Youth hath a Wolf in his belly ; Therefore who steals an old mans supper , doth him no wrong ; moreover he who doth not use to sup , hath no need of the Physitian ; therefore if thou hast a mind to dye , sup upon roasted Mu●ten , and go to bed . Hereunto may be added , If thou desirest ill food , eat a roasted Hare : he who eats Pilchers in May , may shite out the b●nes in August ; and he who eats Mushrumps in April , let him provide Week and Wax ; viz. let him provide for his burial ; yet in other months , when it rains in a Sun-shine gather thy Musrumps : There is no Broth like that of the juyce of flint ( viz. of water flowing thence ) ; but Pottage must not be without Bacon , nor a Sermon without Saint Austin : Concerning fruits , and pulse , observe that new Bread and Grapes paint young Maids , and take away wrinckles from the old : One Olive is God , two Silver , three Brass : If thou wilt have a good bit , eat a gelded Medlar : The Pear which cr●es Rodrigo is not worth a rush ; Others say , That the Pear and the Woman which are silent are best : The French-man hath a good caution touching this fruit , That after Pear , the Wine or the Priest ( to confesse thee before death ) ; but after Melon , Wine is a Felon : Let there be Salt with every thing , for 't is a banquet for the Devil wher ther is no Salt : Concerning Fennel and Rue , ther be two notable Proverbs of them , viz That he who sees Fennel and gathers it not , he is a Devil , and no Man ; the other is , That if the good Woman did know the vertue of Rue , she wold look for it in the night at Moonshine . By observing these Rules one might by the strength and complacency of Nature arrive to the age of an Elephant , whom the Naturalists observe to live longest of any Terrestrial Creture , according to that gradual Proverb of longitude of lifes , viz. A Hedge lasts three years ; a Dogg three Hedges ; a Horse three Doggs ; a Man three Horses ; a Stagg three men ; an Elephant three Staggs . No more now , but that wishing you all health and gladnes , I rest from my very Bowells your Gretest Servant for though I am little , I wold bee a Hercules to serve you . I. H. A CHAIN Of above Threescore old English PROVERBS , couch'd in one Familiar LETTER , And conducing all to one Subject or Sense : Rendred into Spanish . SIR , I Have much Aquaintance , but few Frends , amongst whom I rank you for one of the choisest ; Therfore , although I am none of those that love to have an Oare in every mans Boat ; or such a busy body as deserves to bee hit in the teeth , that he shold keep his breath to 〈◊〉 his pottage ; yet , you and I having eaten a peck of Salt together , and having a hint that you are upon a busines which will make you , or marr you , viz. Mariage , I wold wish you to look before 〈◊〉 leap , and make more then two words to● burgain , in regard that a Mans best or worst Fortune is a Wife . T is tru , that Mariages are made in Heaven ; It is also sayed , that Mariage and Hanging go by destiny ; But , if you are resolv'd to marry , marry a Shrew rather than a Sheep , for a Foolis fullsom ; yet you run a risk allso in the other , for a Shrew may so tie your Nose to the Grindstone , that the Gray Mare will prove the better Horse : Moreover , There is another old sayed saw , That every one knowes how to tame a Shrew , but hee who hath her : If it be your fortune to meet with such a one , shee may chance put you to the charge of buying a long spoon ; for hee must have a long spoon who will eat broath with the Devill . Furthermore , If you are disposed to marry , the Spaniard wold have you to choose a wife upon the Saturday ( in her old clothes ) not upon Sunday ( when shee is trick'd up ) : But by all means do not fetch a Wife from Dunmow , for so you may bring home two sides of a Sow ; Nor from Westminster ; For , they say , That he who goes to Westminster for a Wife , to Pauls for a Man , and to Smithfield for a Horse , may have a Iade to his Horse , a Knave to his Man , and a Wagg-tayl to his Wife . But if you needs must have a wife , let her be rather little than bigg , for of two evils the least is to bee chosen : yet ther is a hazard in that also ; For a little pot is soon hot , and so shee will bee little and loud ; If you give her an Inch , shee will take an Ell ; Shee will alwayes have a Rowland for your Oliver , and two words for one ; such a wife , though shee bee as tender as a Parsons Lemman , yet shee may prove a Wolf in a Lambs skin : Insteed of a Rose you will have a Burr ; if you happ too meet with such a one , you may bee put to answer as hee was , who having a damnable Scold to his Wife , and being asked by Sir Thomas Badger , who recommended her unto him ? hee sayed , And old Courtier Sir ; What Courtier sayed Sir Thomas ? 'T was the Devil Sir : The Anagram may well fit such a wife : — Uxor & Orcus idem . Moreover , Take heed of too-handsom a wife , for then the Italian will tell you , she is likely not to bee all your own ; And so shee may bring you to your Horn-book again , or rather make you horn-madd , and then you have brought your Hoggs to a fair market ; yet take delight when you have one to see your wife go hansom , and not to spoil her face : To that end , the Spaniard wold have women when the seson serves to feed upon Grapes and Bread , for ther is a saying , That Grapes and new Breed paints young womens faces , and takes away wrinkles from the old . But by all means take heed of a too costly and lavishing a wife , for so you may quickly turn a Noble to Nine-pence , and com home by broken crosse , Shee will in a short time make hunger to dropp out at your no●e ; Shee will th●ritten a Mill post to a Pudden-prick : The Goose will drink as deep as the Gander , and then when all is gon and n●thing left , What boots the Dagger with the Dudgeon hest ? The Wolf wil bee then still at your d●re , and the black Ox will tread on your toe : Your neighbours will make mowes at you and say You are as wise as Walthams Calf , who went n●ne mile to suck a Bu●l , and came home more thirsty then when he went. You must allso bee wary how you marry one who bath cast her Rider , lest you ●all into a Quagmire wherin another was lost , I mean , a Widow , for so you wil bee subject to have a dead-mans head put often into your d●sh : Touching the complexion of your wife , the Spaniard holds Black to bee the wholsom'st , for hee hath a saying , Muger negra trementina en ella ; A black Woman hath Turpentine in her . The Frenchman is for the Brown , Fille brunette gaye & nette , A brown Lasse is gay , and cleanly ; but they both will tell you , That touching a re●d hair'd , or bearded Woman , you must salute them a hundred paces off . Lastly , Take heed by all means of doting so far upon any Female as to marry her for meer affection ; 'T is tru , That one hair of a Woman will draw more then a hundred yoak of Oxen , yet meer Affection , they say , is but blind Reson , and ther are more Mayds in the world then Malkin : 'T is allso tru , That in love ther is no lack ; yet it is as tru , That nothing hath no savor , nor can any thing bee bought in the Market without Money : There must bee Suett , as well as Water and Oat-meal , to make a Pudding : They that marry for meer love , may have merry nights but mournfull daies ; In this case , 'T is better to buy a quart of Milk for a peny , then to keep a Cow ; And to follow the Italians advice , viz. Commend the Sea , but keep thy self on the Shore ; Commend the Hills , but keep thy self on the Plaine ; Commend a Wedded life , but keep thy self still a Bachelor : According to another wise Proverb , Hee who marries , doth well , but hee who marrieth not , doth better : Wherunto alludes a third , That next to a single life , the married is best ; I will conclude with another , Honest men use to marry , but Wise men not . When you read this ; I know you wil bee apt to say , That a Fools bolt is soon shot , or cry out , Witt whither willt thou ? Yet though I am none of the seven Sages , I can look as far into a Milstone as another ; And you know that the stander by sees oftimes more then the gamster . What I write , is the language of a Friend , and could I stead you any way herin , I wold do it with as good a will as ever I came from School , for I am such a frend that will shine with you in the dark ; And to conclude with the old Roman Proverb , I am yours Usque ad aras , Yours to the Altar . I. H. The same made Spanish . Cadena de mas de sesenta Refranes Ingleses , Puestos en una CARTA FAMILIAR , Concurrientes todos A un Sentido , y rendidos en Castellano . Señòr , TEngo Conocidos muchos , Amigos pocos , entre los quales estimo a vm . Vno de los mas Escogidos ; por tanto , aunque yo no sea del numero de aquellos , qui quieren tener remo en cada barca , ni tal entremetidor que meresca que le den en los dientes , que guardasse el aliento para enfriar su caldo , Toda via vm . y yo aviendo comido juntos vn celemin de sal , y oyendo correr la voz que vm esta empeñado en vn negocio que podrà hazerle o des●●zerle viz. Casamiento , yo le aconsejaria de mirar bien antes que saltar , y que aya mas de dos palabras a t●l concierto , porque el casarse es la mayor Dicha o desdicha que pueda acae●èr a vn hombre . Verdàdes que Casamientos se hazen en el Cielo , Tambien se dize que Casamientos y ahorcamientos andan por Destino , pero si qued● resuelto a Casarse , Casese antes con vna baladrona que con vna bova , porque las mansas en demasia son enfadosas . Toda via corre riesgo con la baladrona , porque ella le podra atalle las narizes de tal suerte Que la vaca negta serà mas brava que el toro ; Mas desto , dizen que Cada vno sabe domar vna Baladrona si no el que la tiene por mugèr , si a caso se casàre con tal , le serà for çoso de comprar vna cuchara larga , porque dizen que es meñester vn cucharon largo para comer con el demonio . Allende de esto si es menester que se case no se vaya por muger a 〈◊〉 , porque assi podar llevar a su casa dos lados de puerca ; ni a Vestminsterio , porque quien v● a Vestminster por vna muger , a san Pablo por servidor , y a Smithfield por vn cavallo , corre peligro de tener vn Haron por cavallo , vn picaro por servidor , y vna puta por mugèr . Pero , si ay necessidad que teng● mugèr , que sea antes Chiquita que Grande , porque de dos males el menor se hà de eligir , Toda via corre riesgo con tal , porque las pucheras pequeñas luego se calientan , y assi ferà chiqu●ta y Gridadora , En dandola vna pulgada , ella tomarà v na vara , Tiendra siempre Vn Roldan contra su Rodulfo , y dos palabras por vna : Tal mugèr aunque sea tan tierna que la manceb● de vn clerigo , toda via se●à quiça vna loba en pellejo de cordera ; En lugar de vna Rosa rendrà vna Espina : Si los Hados le dieren tal muger , la mesma respuesta servirà a vm , que diò el , qui teniendo vna endemoniada parlera , y fiendo preguntado por Don Tomas Badger quien se la avia dado por muger , dixo , vn Cortesano viejo me la dio , que Corresano replicò Don Tomas ? Era el Demonio , Señor ; El donoso Anagramma quadraria bien con tal mugèr . — Vxor & Orcus idem Mas de esto , tenga cuenta que su muger no sea linda en estremo , porque el Italiano le dirà que tal no puede ser toda su ya , y assi ella podrà reduzirle otra vez a su librito cornudo , o auà de hazerle cornudo y frenetico , y entonces y●à con sus puercos a vn lindo mercado : No embargante esto en teniendo muger deleytese de guardarla linda y limpia con buena cara ; A este efeto que coma con la sazon pan y uvas , porque dizen Que pan reziente y uvas a las moças ponen mudas , y a las Viejas quitan las arrugas . Sobre todo guardese bien de vna muger desperdiciadora , porque en aquel modo vn doblò● deviend●à luego diez maravedis ; E●la le harà passar por la cruz rota ; Ha●à ●a hambre gotear fuera de sus narizes : La gansa bevera tan hondo que el Ansaròn ; y entonces la pobreza darà priessa ; Porque donde sacan y no pon luego llegan al hondòn ; el lobo se hallarà a puerta , y el buey negro dara vozes ; Sus vezinos diràn Hideputa , soys tan sabio que el bezerro de Waltam , qui fue nueve mi llas por tetar vn toro , y bolviose mas sediento que no era antes . Tambien hà de guardarse de esposar la hembra que hà ya derribado su Cavalgador , de miedo que no se cayga en vn Atolladero adonde perecio vn otro , es a saber Vna Biuda , porque en esta manera tendrà cada rato la cabeça de vn muerto echada en su plato : Tocante la Complexion de su esposa , el Español dize que muger negra trementina en ella ; El Francès es por la morenita , porque las Morenitas son loçanas y limpias ; Pero el vno y el otro le diràn , muger bàrbuda , o con cabellos roxos , saludalas cien passos lexos . En conclusion quardese bien de no dexarse transportar , o Empeñarse por la sola aficion de alguna hembra viviente ; Verdad es que vn pelo de muger tira mas que cien bueyes , Toda via la Aficion sola no es otro sino Razon ciega ; por tanto sepa que Mas moças ay en el mundo que Marguilla ; Tambien es Verdad , Que en Amor no ay mengua ; mas otra verdad ay que nada no tiene sabor , Los Casamientos no se hazen de hongos sino de ducados redondos , porque en la plaça no se puede comprar nada sin dinero ; por hazer vna longaniça es menester sebo con sangre ; Los que se casan por pura aficion podran aver noches plazenteras , mas dias pesados : En este caso mejor es comprar vn açumbre de leche con su placa , que guardar vna vaca ; y conformarse al consejo del Italiano , Alaba la mar mas tente en Tierra firma ; Alaba los montes mas tente en la vega , Alaba la vida casada mas tente Saltero ; Tambien ay otro , El quien casa haze bien , mas quien no casa haze mejor ; A este se puede añadir vn tercero , Despues de la vida soltera , la casada es la mejor ; Concluyrè , Que los hombres de bien suelen casarse los , savios no. En leyendo esto bien sè yo , que vm . dirà que el virote des Loco presto sesolta ; Toda via , Aunque yo no sea del numero de los siere Savios , bien se quantos son cinco , y muchas vezes el vee masque el Jugadòr . Lo que yo escrivo aqui , es el lenguaje de Amigo , y si podria serville en algo lo haria de tan buena gana como jo vine jamas de la Escuela , porque yo soy tal amigo que luzira con el en las tinieblas ; En suma , concluyrè con aquel Refran Romano suyo soy usque ad aras , hasta los altares . I H. OF THE Portugues Language , OR SVB-DIALECT , &c. AS Scotland is to England , so Portugall may be sayed to be in relation to Spain , in point of Speech ; The Scott speaks somwhat broader , and more gaping ; so doth the Portugues compared to the Castilian , and shorter farr : for wheras the Castilian out of an innated humor of gravity is addicted to long-traind words , the Portuguès doth use to curtayl divers of them , som in the middle , som in the end ; But to know the main difference betwixt them , take these Instances . The Portuguès is not much affected to l or n ; touching the first , hee turns her to r , the snarling letter , as the Philosopher calls her : For example , wheras the Castilian sayes Inglatierra England , hee sayes Ingra●erra ; Noble Inglès , a Noble Englishman , Nobre Ingrès ; Flamenco a Flemin , Framengo in Portuguès ; Blando soft brando ; Blanco white branco ; Hermoso fair fermoso ; Complido finishd , comprido ; Emplear to employ , Empregar ; Flaco weak , fraco ; Diablo the Dievil , Diabro o Diabo , &c. Besides , when ll beginns a word in Spanish the Portuguès turns them to ch ; As , Lamar to call chamar ; Llama a flame , chama ; Llaga a wound , chaga ; Lleno full , Cheo wherby the n. allso is lost ; Luna the Moon , lue : Llegar allegar to com or approach , chegar achegar ; Llave a key , chiave ; Ll●ro weeping , choro : Luvia Rain , chuva . Yet the Portuguès is not so well affected to ch , when hee finds it in a Spanish word , for then he turns it to yt commonly , as noche night , noyte ; Ocho eight , oyto ; Pecho the brest , peyto ; Provecho profit , proveyto , &c. In divers words hee leaves l quite out , when hee finds it about the middle , as Delante before , diante ; Cielo Heven , ceo ; Candela a Candle , candea ; Mala ill , maa ; As Ma● noyte y faz Filinba , An ill night and maka a girl . The Portugues likes not allso the aspiration ● in the beginning of a word but turns it to f , wherby his language comes neerer ( in many words ) to the Latin , which is the Mother of both : as , wheras the Spaniard sayeth Hazer to do , the Portuguès sayeth Fazer ; Hado Fate , Fado ; Horca the Gallows , Forca ; Hazaña an exploit , Fazanba ; Hacha a Torch , facha ; Hablar to speak , ●●lar ; H●rno an Oven , forno ; Hormig● an Ant , formiga ; Holgar gandeo folgar ; Hidalgo a Gentleman , fidal●● , &c. Note allso that where the Portugues finds the throaty j , or ishota in a word , hee turns it to lh , As , Abeja a Bee , abelha ; Oveja a sheep , ovelha ; Ojo the Ey , olho ; Aparejàr to prepare , aparelhar ; Trabajo toyl , travalho ; &c. But it is to be observed , that those words in Portugues must be pronouncd as if an i followd ; As , Abelha a Bee , abelhia ; Travalho toyl , travalhio , &c. Nor is the Portuguès much affected to the letter n , for where hee finds her in the middle of a Spanish word , hee quite cutts her off ; As , for ●adena a chain , he sayeth cadea ; Amonestar to warn , amoestar ; Cenar to supp , cear ; Corona a Crown , coroa ; Freno a bridle , freo ; Buena good , bo● ; Mano a hand ▪ mao , &c. Moreover the Portugues turns Spanish Dissyllables into Monosyllables ; As , Tener to hold , ter ; Venir to com , vir ; Poner to putt , por ; Color colour , cor ; Dolor greif , dor ; Mayor a Maior , mor , &c. The Portugues also turns oftentimes Spanish Trissyllables into Dissillables ; As , Menester need , mister ; Ganado a flock , gado ; Generar to engender , gerar ; General General , geral : Obispo a Bishop , Bispo , &c. Furthermore where the Spanish words end in bre , the Portugues turns it to me , or mem ; As , Costumbre custom , costume ; Hombre a man , homem ; Nombre a name , nomem ; Cumbre the top , cume , &c. The Portugues allso turns the Spanish ble into vel ; As , Possible possible , possivel ; Insufrible unsufferable , insufrivel ; Mudable changeable , mudavel ; Durable durable , duravel , &c. The Portugues makes allso Trissyllables of Spanish Quatrosyllables often ; As , S●lameme only , somente ▪ Mahamente ill , mamente ; Enemigo an Enemy , imigo , &c. Yet sometimes the Portuges adds a syllable more ; As , Duvida to the Spanish duda , a doubt ; Duvidosamente for dudosament , doubtfully ; Duo● for dos , two , &c. The Portugues allso adds e to Spanish words ending in d ; As , Mocidade for mocedàd , youth ; A●istàd friendship , amiz●de ; Liberted liberty , libertade ; Liberalidàd liberality , liberalidade ; Pieded piety , piedede , &c. Now , Though the Costilian , and the Lusitani●n language bee both derived from the Latin , the first immediately , ther othe mediatly by means of the Gastilian , wherof shee is a Dialect , and therby a subdialect to the Latin ; yet shee hath divers words for which shee is beholden to neither , nor to the Morisco also , wherof I thought it worth the while to give a particular Catalog . A Short DICTIONARY OR , CATALOG Of such Portuges Words That have no Affinity with the SPANISH . Portugues , Spanish , English Abafar Garrotar To strangle Abalroar Pelear To fight Abalo do animo Desaiossiego Trouble of mind Abegaon Rustico A swayne Abelhaon Colmena A hive of bees Abelhudamente Appressuro Samente Hastily Abençoer Bendezir To blesse Acamar Enfermarse To be sick Agastar Provocar To provoke Aginha Presto Speedily Agoacento Humedo Watry Alagar Deribar To overthrow Alapardarse Esconderse To hide himself Alardo Nombramiento de soldados A list of Soldiers Alar Socorrer To succour Alcunha Sobrenombre A sirname Alem Mas de esto Moreover Alfayate Sa●●re A taylor Alfaqueque Mensajero A messenger Alvacento Blanquecino Whitish Alvela Milan A kite Aniae Alfiler A pin● Amuado Obstinado Obstinat Andorinha Golondrina A swallow A Podar Paragonar To compan Apupar Aullar To houl Arreceo Miedo Fear Atlhar Impedir To hinder Atasanero Panadero . A bakee . Bacoro Puerca A sow Bafo Aliento The breath Bafio Hediondez A stink Balisa Carcel A gaol Baque Cayda A fall Barça Cofre A coffer Bicho Gusano A worm Bragante Ruyn Lewd Breu Pez Pitch Bugio Mono An Ape Buraco Aguijero A hole Burrifar Aguar To sprinkle Cachopo Mocito A little boy Cadela Perra A bitch Canga Yugo A yoke Cardume Muchedumbre A multitude Crestaon Cabron A goat Carpinha Lamentaciòn Lamentation Caranca Mala cara An ill face Caramelo Yelo Ice Cavidarse Guardarse To beware Colheyta Cosecha The harvest Coceyra Começon The itch Cocegas Coxquillas Tickling Cossar Arañar To soratch Coyma Dolor Pain Cafra Yunque An Anvil Cedo Presto Quickly Ceysa Cosecha Harvest Chambaon Tonto A dullard Cheyrar Oler To smel Decepar Romper To break Derrancar Corromper To corrupt Desazo Ociosidad Sloth Desdobrar Exprimir To expresse Desmiçar Aboler To abolish Desmanchar Quebranter To break Devesa Selva A Wood Dia azinhago Dia Escuro A black day Dia de Hotem Ayer Yesterday Dianteyra Frente The forehead Discante Lalyra The harp Doudo Bobo A fool ELche Apostata An Apostat Embevedarse Emborracharse To be drunk Embleçar Engañar To cosen Embicar Ofender To offend Embel●r Cunar To rock Emborcar Invertir To invert Empecilho Obstaculo A stopp Emperrar Porfiar To be obstinat Emposta Ayuda Help E●●●mpar Obtruder To obtrude Encuica Noticia Knowledg Endoudecer Enloquecer To grow foolish Enfastiar Enfadar To trouble Engeytar Menospreciar To cast away Ensejo Ocasion Occasion Entraz Carbunculo A Carbuncle Entulbar Entoñalar To fill up Escavedar Huyr To fly away Esfalsar Cansar To tyre Esmechar Herir To wound Esqueho Tuerto Crooked Espaçar Alargar To lengthen Esmolar Dar limosna To give alm● Esmera Perfecto Perfect Esmoga Synagoga A synagog Esquecimiento Olvido Forgetfulnesse Esterqueyra Muladàr A donghil Estulagem Venta An hostry Estabalhoado Arrebadato Rash Estrondo . Alboroto A noise FAim Lança A lance Fala Voz A voice Faisca Centella A flash Fanar Costar To cut Fanchono Mugeril Effeminat Faqua Cuchillo A knife Fanquey Lencero A linnendraper Fanga Hanega A bushel Farelo Salvado Bran Febre Delgago Slender Felugem Hollin Soot Felinha Hijuela A little Girle Figo Lampo Precoz Too soon ripe Fiquar Quedar To stay Focinho Boca The mouth Folga Gozo Mirth Fraga Peña A rock Franga Polastra A pullet Fracayro Putaniero A wencher Furna Caverna A den Fuzilar . Relampaguear To lighten GAbo Loor Praise Gabar Loar To prayse Gafern Lepra The leprosie Gaguo Tartamudo A ●●utterer Galbo Ramo A branch Geyto Ademan de cuerpo Gesture Gear Yelo Yce Gielho Rodilla The knee HOntem Ayer Yesterday Huyvar Aullar To howle IAnella Ventana A window Jentar Comida A diner Ilharga Lado The side Inçar Propagar To propagat Ingoas Las buas The Pox Lapa Cueva A Cave Leycenço Ladroncillo A little thief Lembrar Acordar To remember MAchado Seguar An ax Magao Congoja Grief Madraço Picaro A Rogue Mamote Lechoncillo A sucking pigg Maminher Esterilidad Barrennesse Marral heyro Vellaco A cuming knave Madioso Liberal Liberal Matiz Retrato A picture Matreyro Zorro Crafty Mealherro Casa de tesoro Exchequer Morno Tibio Lukewarm Morgado Primogenito The first born Mouco Sordo deaf ORate Mentecato A madman Outiva Arrebatadamente . Rashly PAyxaon Ensado Trouble Pancado Bofeton A Blow Pao Madera Wood Porolento Mohoso Musty Patife Desembuelto A loose fellow Pezinho Piojo A lowse Pelouro Bala A bullet Peneyra Harnero A sive Perto Cerca Neere Pinga Gota A drop Pissa Carajo A mans yard Pomba Paloma A pigeon Povo Pueblo The people Presunto Pernil A gamm●●● REfenn Caucion A pledg Rilhar Roer To gnaw Roldar Tener centinela To keep watch Rolda Centinela The watch SAloya Rustica A Country woman Sanden Frenetico Madd Saluço Suspiro A sigh Sisa Pecho A tax Soada Fama A rumor TAmancas Alpargatas Wodden shoos Tamalaves Vn ratico A little white Tarefa Obra A task Tayvar Rabiar To rage Tolo Necio A fool Traquinada Ruydo An uproar Trevas Tiniblas The dark VAlhacouto Refugio A refuge Colhor Cuchara A spoone Ambicar Tropesar To stumble Calleyro Granja A barn Suncho Hinojo Fenell Sedo De mañana Early Sargueyro Saulze A willow Radea Carcel A gaol Zombar Motejar . To geere The Portugès in nombring five dayes of the week differs from the Castilian , and all other , but it agrees with the Roman , Missal , As Munday , Twesday , Wenesday , Thursday , Friday are calld Segunda , Terca , Quarta , Quinta , Sexta , Feyra ; But saterday and Sunday are calld Sabado y Doming● . THus have I given a short Essay of the Lusitanian Toung , which , by observing the differential precepts pointed at before , may be attained with much ease by any who hath but an indifferent knowledg of the Spanish from whom she is derivd but become somewhat more rugged ; so that it may be sayed , as a Castilian was making of a Toledo blade , a Portugès came , and taking up the filings he made a Toung of them ; Indeed , it must be granted that the Castilian is in more esteem , yea , in Portugal it self , where the best sort of the Gentry and Marchants speak it , with Church and cloysterd men ; most of their Sermons , their musical sonets , and madrigals , with their stage plays being in Spanish . Insomuch that as it is a saying in Italy , Lingua Toscana , in Lingua Romana ; So there is one among them , Lingoa Castelhana em b●ca Portugueza ; The Spaniard hath so little esteem of it , That he sayes there is but one good word in all the Portuguès Tongue , and that is Saudades which is a large word , and a kind of Amphibolon , for it signifies many things , as Tenho mil saud●des de vm . I have a thousands desires of you ; Muero de saudades , I die for sorrows , &c. Concerning the preceding Spanish Grammer , ther went more o yle , and labor to rayse up ( as I may say ) that little Castle of Castile , wherein an Ingenious Student may find not only a survey of the Language , but he may take livry and saisin thereof in a short time ; To which purpose we have consulted the best Artists upon this Subject as Miranda , and Salazar ; together with Francios●ni the Florentin , and Oudin the Frenchman , with others who have laudably taken pains herin , and are more extensive in the conjugating of som Verbs : For as soon as the idea of this work entred into the imagination , the first thing we designd was brevity , yet without making it● subject to Lamenesse● or Obscurity . — Nec dum Brevis esse Labaro Obscurus , vel mancus ero — Liberorum Cerebri Quintus Post Quadraginta . J. H. FINIS . 
A54745	----	The mysteries of love & eloquence, or, The arts of wooing and complementing as they are manag'd in the Spring Garden, Hide Park, the New Exchange, and other eminent places : a work in which is drawn to the life the deportments of the most accomplisht persons, the mode of their courtly entertainments, treatments of their ladies at balls, their accustom'd sports, drolls and fancies, the witchcrafts of their perswasive language in their approaches, or other more secret dispatches ... Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696? 1685 Approx. 862 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 221 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2004-11 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A54745 Wing P2067 ESTC R25584 09025197 ocm 09025197 42260 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A54745) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 42260) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1292:6) The mysteries of love & eloquence, or, The arts of wooing and complementing as they are manag'd in the Spring Garden, Hide Park, the New Exchange, and other eminent places : a work in which is drawn to the life the deportments of the most accomplisht persons, the mode of their courtly entertainments, treatments of their ladies at balls, their accustom'd sports, drolls and fancies, the witchcrafts of their perswasive language in their approaches, or other more secret dispatches ... Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696? The third edition with additions. [15], 318 [i.e. 320], 70, [12] p. Printed by James Rawlins for Obadiah Blagrave, London : 1685. Preface and epistle signed: E.P. Errors in paging. Reproduction of original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. 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Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Erotic literature. English language -- Rhyme. 2004-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-07 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-09 Mona Logarbo Sampled and proofread 2004-09 Mona Logarbo Text and markup reviewed and edited 2004-10 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE MYSTERIES OF LOVE & ELOQUENCE , Or , the ARTS of Wooing and Complementing ; As they are manag'd in the Spring Garden , Hide Park , the New Exchange , and other eminent places . A Work , in which is drawn to the Life , the Deportments of the most accomplisht Persons , the mode of their Courtly Entertainments , Treatments of their Ladies at Balls , their accustom'd Sports , Drolls and Fancies , the Witchcrafts of their perswasive Language in their Approaches , or other more Secret Dispatches . And to compleat the young Practitioners of Love and Courtship , these following conducing Helps are chiefly insisted on . Addresses , and set Forms of Expressions for imitation , Poems , pleasant Songs , Letters , Proverbs , Riddles , Jests , Posics , Devices , A-la-mode Pastimes ; A Dictionary for the making of Rimes , Four hundred and fifty delightful Questions , with their several Answers . As also Epithets , and flourishing Similitudes , Alphabetically Collected , and so properly applied to their several Subjects , that they may be rendred admirably useful on the sudden occasions of Discourse or Writing . Together , with a new invented Art of Logick , so plain and easie by way of Questions and Answers , that the meanest capacity may in a short time attain to a perfection in the ways of Arguing and Disputing . The Third Edition , with Additions . London , Printed by James Rawlins , for Obadiah Blagrave at the Black-Bear and Star in St. Pauls Church-yard , 1685. THE Misteries of LOVE and ELOQVENCE The Arts of Wooing and Complementing LOVE ELOQVENCE Theater of Courtship . LOVES LIBRARY The Preface To the Youthful Gentry . IT hath been such an hereditary practice for the Author , to declare to the Reader the depth of his design , that should I decline this custom , I should not free my Endeavors from the nice exceptions of the too curious Criticks of these times . When Playes were at their height , Prologues were so in fashion at the Court , and so desired on the Stage , that without them the Audience could not be pleased ; so that the best Poets were forced to satisfie the greedy expectations of the multitude , that gaped and yawned for such set and starcht speeches to be gravely delivered to their Worships by the man in the long cloak with the coloured beard . It is reported of Mr. Fletcher , that though he writ with such a free and sparkling Genious , that future Ages shall scarce ever parallel , yet his importunate Commedians would often croud upon him such impertinences , which to him seem needless and lame excuses , his Works being so good , his indignation rendred them as the only bad Lines his modest Thalia was ever humbled with . The truth is , when an Author hath set down well , and so descended to his Readers capacity , that his Muse is obvious and easie to be understood , what needs there a Clavis or a Thred where there is no Labyrinth ; notwithstanding , we cannot but be sensible that some Prefaces have so abused the credulous Readers trust , that they cannot now be too slightly set by , as most of them may ; and that not improperly , be fitly compared to rich capparrison'd Jades , to painted Inn-posts , to Wenches admirably trickt forth , but pull off their dressings , and they look like flead Cats . What the Country-man said of the Nightingale , Vox & praeterea nihil , A great cry and no wool , may be rightly applied to them . I acknowledge , Courteous Reader , that as I have already in my Epistle to the Coy Ladies , discourst Jovially and Ironically of Love , as also in my other Advertisement , treated by way of Introduction , of the right management of Eloquence and Complements , if I had not still inforced my Intellectuals to further serious and useful Instructions , for my Readers greater benefit , this Preface had been like those I have found fault with , superfluous ; or at least to little purpose . And now it will be expected , nor can I do otherwise , then make an ingenious confession , why I set those subjects of Love and Complements apart by themselves ; I shall give my Reader sufficient reason , that I might not justle too much matter into this Preface , which I only intend for a Landskip to the Work , my whole design being included in these two particulars . First , why I have published this Volume . Secondly , what Profit and Delight an understanding Reader may expect to drive to himself from his diligent perusal of it . For the first , to deal plainly with my Countrey-men , the several simple Pamphlets that have treated so surreptitiously of this subject , exacted this employment from me , as I could not but be highly incensed , to see them so cheated and baffled by such specious pretenders , but most wretched performers of what they undertook . I will not vex my Reader with the Names or Titles they are distinguisht or dignified with , I hope by this time all Ingenious Persons have learnt sufficiently to detest them . For my own part , in these my Studies I have not so much as taken any other notice of them , then to shun the infection of their papers ; and though some may object that the Green is the same that we bowl on , such persons , if they make but the least inquisition , shall quickly find that my Byas is turned another way , my flight is higher , my engagements are different ; for without any vain glory I may confidently attest to the world , that the contributions of several persons of Honour , as well by their particular prescriptions , as also by the assistance of their choisest Manuscripts , built up this Volume . It took its birth from them , to whom with a most sincere gratitude it doth again humbly dedicate it self . For my second Consideration , what benefit the Peruser of this Book is likely to acquire to himself , I shall express to him in few words ; he hath , as I may rightly call it , a Magazin richly furnisht , for his dispatch of any of those high Concernments , Cupid or Mercury shall at any time instate him in ; all manner of Adresses , Entertainments , and Ceremonies , whether of Salutation , Love or Court-ship , which are comprehended under those Heads of Wooing and Complements ; from whence as from two Springs , the other lesser streams do distill , whether of Prose or Verse , serious or Drolling Subjects in Letters , or otherwise ; these contain in them , a grand part of the body of this Work ; for the other Additions of Proverbs , Posies , Characters , Jeasts , Clinches , Similitudes , &c. as also the Miscelania , of Natural , Amorous , Moral , Experimental , Paradoxical , Enigmatical , and ●ovial Questions with their Answers , I am confident they will no less inrich the Readers Mind , then admirably delight his Fancy . As for the several A-la-mode Games and Sports , I have inserted them with such plain demonstrations , that any person of a reasonable capacity , may quickly be expert in them ; to which purpose I have invented a Riming Dictionary , consisting of Monasyllables , for the ending of Verses , applicable for those that are yong Practioners in the pleasant Sport named Crambo : together with another particular Alphabet , intituled , The triall of Wits , which consists of Epithets , properly fitted for immediate use , on the sudden occasions of Writing or Discourse , which I have also appropriated to the other Recreation , so much in fashion , called Substantives and Adjectives . And that the Ingenious Reader may be assured of my care and industry , to render this Book worthy of his acceptance , I have also presented him with a compleat Tract of the Art of Logick by way of Question and Answer , so clearly delineated , that the Judicious Student may in a short time attain to a competent knowledge of those most necessary ways of Arguing and Disputing , so much practised in the Universities . How advantagious this work will be to all intelligent Persons , will more easily be instanced , if we rightly consider the incongruity of mens parts , and look narrowly into their gifts ; one speaks well , but writes improperly , another imploys his pen in excellent sence , but wants good language ; another hath a good invention but no method ; so that whatsoever some of our Moderns pretend to their ex tempore inspirations , it cannot but be confessed by all men in their right minds , that Artificial set Forms may be aiding to them all , not as they are litterally to be applied but as they are additional helps to quicken and enlighten the Genius . This my assertion will be clearly made good , if we do but consider the smooth effeminate silken tribe , how some of them demean themselves , who if they are put to it on sudden alarums or unexpected summons of their fancies by letters , or otherwise , how are they forced in such exigents , to have recourse to their Romances , Plays , Manuscripts , and such like Common place books , they turn down the page , transcribe , and for the present subsist on such slender notions . How without blushing can I express it , that I have known a wench of fourteen , with a few Dramatical Drayton and Sidney Quillets , put to the non plus a Gallant of thirty ; I may safely dispose on it , that I have heard such a Lass defeat a Gentleman of some years standing at the Inns of Court. To those that scruple at Complemental Ceremonies and Tenders of Service , I positively affirm , that such nimble applications , if rightly directed , are most absolutely useful ; and that those which have been adorned with such qualifications have had such tall advantages over others , as seldom or never to fall short of their ends ; more especially when their good behaviours have been set off with Eloquence , which though it often carries with it self a false fire , yet if it be smoothly and discreetly manag'd , it works wonders , not only for the present , but future times to admire at . Not to detain the worthy Reader with any longer suspence of so unquestioned a truth , I shall only desire thee to take notice , that these my endeavours had a gentle rise , so they still carry with them a more than ordinary splendor ; as they have shuned the common rode of all former Writers , so that if with Phaeton my muse is sometimes placed in the Chariot of the Sun , that she soars at the highest and most generous Designs ; she may apologize for her self , that it was not her ambition , but the commands of several noble Persons , whose importunity from her most serious Studies diverted her so far , as to make her participate of their recreations , whether they took the air in the Spring Garden , raced in Hide Park , or expaciated , as Portugals called it , in New Exchange , or otherwise revelled at their Balls ; in all which Celebrations of pleasures with them , though my Muse was obleiged to observe some particulars , yet they are such as are civil and modest , such as need no veil , nor reflect upon any person whatsoever ; and I hope so well of her , that as her Sphere is higher , she hath not been deficient in this her Deportment , so as to stoop to any more inferiour Theam , then what might be worthy of her . Courteous Reader , of late there hath been a scarcity of Wit , it will therefore seem to be more discretion in us , for to husband it as well as we can ; what thou hast here , as I have sufficiently intimated , hath been derived from the best hands , such sprightly quick wit , as I can assure thee no language in so small a page ever afforded better : In a word , thou mayest rest satisfied , that the ingenuity that is contained in this Book , is to much for one single brain to teem with , and therefore wonder not , if in such a Caskanet thou findest so much of invaluable treasure to inrich thy Fancy with ; such , but that it seems too proud an expression from my self , others have been bold to affirm , that to compleat this Volume , they could not imagine what more could be added or invented . For my own part , worthy Reader , I submit these my best endeavours to thy impartial and judicious censure , I esteem of thy well poised Genius , as the only Jacob's staff , with which the height of these conceptions can be rightly taken ; and whatsoever the inconsiderate opinion of some ridiculous Criticks may be , I am confident that as long as Wit , Love , or Courtship are in fashion , this Book shall live and flourish . Yours , ever to be commanded , E. P. To those Cruel Fair ones , that triumph over the distresses of their loyal Lovers , the Auther wisheth more Clemency ; and to their afflicted Servants , more magnanimity and Roman Fortitude . Bright Stars of Beauty , INcouraged by your former inexpressible favors , I am at this time emboldned to prostrate these my Devoirs at your feet : after your Ladiships egress from the Spring Garden , I was invited by the pleasure of the season , into the solitary retiredness of an Arbour , where in my Tale-book I intended to insert some slender Observations of those harmless Transactions and civil Frolicks , that had past betwixt you and your Servants , whose entertainments you had graced that evening with the serene influences of your propitious smiles . I had scarce for the recreation of my Genius , employed my pen to the draught of the first Character , when of a sudden from a shady Grove , I heard a mournful hollow sound , which at the first , I imagined to have been occasioned by some fresh gale of wind , that had only rustled among the trees , till ascertained otherwise by the iteration of a Heart-tearing groan : I was so far disturbed as to cast my eye of one side , where I soon discovered a woful weight ; who by his melancholly posture , and leaning of himself so discontentedly against a tree , as if he supported it ; I could not but with probability of reason at the the first sight determine , to be some wretched Inamarato , some Love-sick person ; such an one whom the blinde God hath more fiercely wounded , then the twelve signs of the Anatomy . A dismal object he was ; and so represented to my view , as if his misfortune had ruined him so at once , as that he could not be rendred more unfortunate ; he lookt as if one of your Ladiships had whispered into his ear that doleful tune of Adieu , or at least that desperate sentence , Miscreant , thou shalt lie alone with thy bed unwarmed a score of frosty Winters . It cannot be amiss , by your Ladiships fair permissions , to draw the curtain from before this Love Martyrs picture , to describe him to you , vultu , gestu , & oculis , just as I then found him suffering his ten Persecutions ; his Hat in one place , with papers of Verses in another , were so fantastically dispersed on the verdent Grass , that if he pleased , with his Feet he might spurn the wantonness of his own Muse : for I perceived by the baldness of his crown with scratching , that he had lately been delivered of Acrosticks and Encomiums ; in praise of some of your Beauties . After the writing of which , for fear of a non acceptance , he was most pestilently dogged , and as I then found him , in such a sullen station , yet were not his eyes so set in the hollownesses of his head , but that I discerned from them such diliberate and heavy motions , as caused me , had I not been convinced by the former symptomes of his disease , to have suspected , whether otherwise , according to his education , he were not some Clown , who having mistaken the Almanack , wept for fair weather . Certain I am that I saw a most pitiful object , one that I could not but conceive that his Mistress had frowned on , and he in requital thought for a foil , to shew her a worser face then her own . I protest to your Ladiships , after I had entertained my most serious thoughts of him , I could not but take him for such an unthrift , as had spent the best stock of wits in adoration of his Ladies Looking-glass ; I approacht nearer to him ; not Imagining but that he would at length have disimprisoned to his thoughts in some discourse ; for indeed after a stricter surveigh of his presence , he seemed to me as if he indeavoured to hew and fashion out his conceptions to some purpose , though I am confident they proved as unprofitable to him , as an unfinisht piece of Artifice ; what weight he poised in his Perricranium , I cannot well guess , but thus much I observed , that sometimes his head hung down to his breast , like the monster boys brother ; till of a sudden he assumed more confirmed imaginations of his Mistresses kindness , which in an instant placed it again , and fixt it right , as it was before , on its own Pedestal ; his face was scorcht with his Ladies eyes , as if he bin a three years voiage at the Indies , I am perswaded his very Soul was tanned , for beauty hath the same influence with the sun , it blacks within , as his brighter beams do burn without . Bless me from Cupid , O Mistress ! thought I , give me a friend and good wine . But to proceed in my description , I vow to your Ladiships , he hath so strictly manacled himself , that his arms seemed pinnioned , like rabits feet to a spit , crossed like the strings of a book ; in such a posture he showed , as if he had been all contemplation , no action ; like a woful Jesuit , that had forsaken the world , so as never to rise from before his Crucifix ; one might have taken him for a statue , had not his sighs breathed from his heaved-up heart , a kind of a living death , which together with sudden startings caused a paleness sometimes to overcome the otherwise more dusky colour of his face , even so as that same time , to discover that in diebus illis , his cheeks had entertained some tell-tale blushes , and dimpled smiles . His afflictions were so merciful to him , that to my better apprehension his very tears were of a sovereign use , which as they then gusht forth , served to quench those flames his Mistresses eyes had kindled , which otherwise would have scorcht him to ashes , and to this purpose I do beleive they did distil all the seasons of the year . I could not but laugh at the cloaths he wore , which were so far from A-la-mode , that I rather conceive he had mistaken one piece for another ; as if he had put on his breeches for his doublet , the buttons wherof , were most of them off , for at every sigh that came from him , like Poppy-heads , half a dozen of them dropt at a time . At this strange disguise of his habit , together with the further waggery of the blinde God , I could not but cry out , Fie , when I saw how his garters were tied in the wrong place , about his neck , as if he had received his Mittimus , and should want no accommodation for his journey to the Elizian fields , whither certainly his stragling thoughts had already transported him ; for he appeared to me , as if he dreamt waking of some business that concerned another world . Alas cruel Fair Ones , deprived of your pitty , without my more opportune address , he had been for too much loving , your most unhappy Victim . When I first begun to break the silence of that place , where all things were as still as night , he heard me with his eyes , his ears followed his minde , which I perceived was not then at leasure , as he was at that time all things but himself ; but having now at length recollected so much strength as to breath a few horse sighs , for as then he wanted other language to speak his misfortunes , so desperately had this idolatrous Lover faln sick of his Goddess . At length after he had bestowed on me an angry nod , for the strangeness of my intrusion on the privacy of his thoughts , he started forth into an unusual kinde of furious madness , unclasping his arms , which before I suppose could never have been untwined , he fell to beating and thumping of his breast . I could not chuse at that time , but be merrily conceited , that this incensed rage of his , might arise from some displeasure he took , that his Invention could not presently teem with some Anagram , as fruitful as his Mistresses name . To be breif , I was amaz'd to think into how many strange shapes this Passion of Love transforms us , what Owls and Monkies it makes of us ; in truth , the variety of antick tricks he played , together with the vain apparitions , that questionless at that time peopled his brain , rendred him to my thinking , the most unfit person that ever I saw for any humane converse : I assure you , Ladies , so monstrous and fatal to the most eminent Heroes of the world in all Ages , have the cruelties of your implacable Sex proved . Not to detain your Ladiships any longer with the description , of this distracted Lovers Herculian passions , by degrrees after he had a while held his hands , with a little chasing of his temples , stopping of his ears , tweaking of his nose , he came again to himself , and then crossing his breast , after a few lamentable Ay mee 's he removed from the tree , into which , till then , I thought he had been ingrafted . It was now night , whereof he was so sensible , as also of his late indisposition , that he requested my company with him out of the Garden . As we walkt , I discoursed the strangeness of his distemper , for I durst not acknowledge his Love to be a disease , least I should have occasioned his prejudice , so far , as for him to have esteemed it to have been incurable . We agreed to go to the Tavern , where , after we had lustily quaft the Blood of the Grape , I presented him with this Book of the Mysteries of Love , which , together with clapping of warm trenchers to his Belly , so perfecty and speedily recovered him , that within a few dayes after I met him in Bloomesbury , with fresh Roses in his Cheeks , he lookt as if his Soul were returned to its right home again , probatum est . Thus have I given your fair Ladiships a large , but no Empirical , relation of the cure of this mad Lover , without either casting of his Urine , or any other Charms on his Mistress , except they are such as are contained in this Book , the Witchcrafts of Eloquence , and the right Arts of Wooing ; which as I hear , have since taken her Fort in , and that they are now happily married , I wish them all joy ; only I thought fit in this my Epistle , to give your coy Ladiships notice , what vertue this Volume hath , to triumph over your most Beautiful Disdains ; to turn your Frowns into Smiles ; your Anger 's into Kisses ; to repreive those whom you have destined for most bloody Sacrafices ; to metamorphose your Champion Cupid from a Boy to a Man , to give him his eyes again , peruse this Book , bright Ladies , and commend it to any of your modest Sex , that are troubled with the Green-sickness of Love , they cannot fail of a Remedy , 't is Diana's own Receipt Book . To conclude ; I do not desire that either of the Sexes should take any tyrannous advantages over one anothers Affections , neither would I bar them of their Frolicks ; but that after the Youths have plaid a while at Bo-peep , lookt Babies in one anothers eyes , Hymen in his saffron robe , hath his torch light , may conduct them to their Marriage Beds : which is the hearty wish , and hath been the aim of these endeavours of your Ladiships Eternally obliged E. P. A short Advertisement to the Reader , by way of introduction , for his better understanding of the Mysteries of Eloquence and Complementing . HAving already in my Epistle to the Coy Madams treated or rather traversed , the passion of Love with a serious and light fancie , like Gallen and Donquixot , mixt together , to please as well the Stoical Student , as the most airy and fantastical Gallant : I have since thought it no less my duty to discourse of these two other mysteries , of Eloquence and Complementing . This task I might have evaded , since none of the former scriblers of Books , in this kind , ever particularly undertook these Subjects , which I must either impute to their simplicity or laziness . Courteous Reader , Eloquence is so absolutely necessary , and pertinent to humane converse , that it cannot but be confessed by all intelligent persons that in the management and conveyance even of reason it self , it would be most expedient , that there should be so many Artifices and Masteries together , with most subtil Conducts ; for without them a man cannot so well attain his ends . Hence it is that the Learned compare Eloquence to the Chymists Elixar ; it contains all qualities in it , yet it should not have one perceiveable : it is not to be denied , but that this age is that which expects that men should learn the Rhetorick from their own Genius ; or as some Naturalists writes of the Spider , that she weaves her web out of her own bowels , or like our Enthusiasts , that pretend to inspirations . It were to be wisht Eloquence could be so attained , rather then that the Schools should so manacle and fetter it with their old Maxims ; but if these so pregnant persons in their own imaginations did but rightly consider what Eloquence is in its definition ; How that it is a way of speech prevailing over those we have designed to prevail over : and that it is so Etherial , or rather I cannot tell , how Divine , that it depends not alone on the single Embroidry of words , but there must be somewhat more in it ; an excellent knowledge of men , deep and studied acquaintances with their passions : a man must not onely know very perfectly the agitations of his own mind , but be seen and conversant in those of others ; otherwise it wants that which animates and breaths a fire , which makes it both warm and shine . We say of Logick that it files and keels the reason of a man , which otherwise had been blunt in the wedge and tongue , which is the only distinction of a man from a bruit beast . The same may be said of a person without behaviour and good language , that he is but a meer motion , a most sad spectacle . Indeed this is our misery , that though Eloquence be so absolutely necessary , yet it is such a thing of it self , that though we make use of our quickest conceits , we can rather wish for it then describe it in its perfect Idea ; the Crises of it having been so altered from time to time in all Speeches and publique Harrangues , in so much , that it cannot be amiss to consider how the ancient Orators that lead the people whither they pleased , were put to it , being sorced to wrestle with the disadvantages of single nature , so as at the last to divide and throw it into several Subjects , by which they reigned over the mindes of men , and did many strange things , the end of Oratory being to perswade . Thus having discoursed of Eloquence , I am now to descend to entertain some thoughts of her fair subservient Hand-maid , Complement . Civility is the most refined Complement ; for as Complements themselves do but serve to compleat the Gentry , so where they are thus tendred , they are always in Fashion ; ever new , ever acceptable ; and as they entertain a grace in the wearer , so they deserve an admiration from the beholder . And thus they have in all ages been received for no less formal , then real accomplishments ; and are held as most absolute ornaments of Gentility . Complements were first intended to distinguish betwixt the Civil and the Savage ; Persons of Honour and Peasants , yea , to appropriate a title of Prehemincy to such , who exceed others in grounds of Precept of Morality ; such as used not paintick Rhetorick , but express'd themselves compleat without singularity , that could love without flattery , discourse without affection , that freed Courtly Ceremonies from dissimulation , and made Vertue their Mistress ; that knew what it was to protest in jeast , and entertain Suitors onely for their Pastime . All wise people are sufficiently convinced , that Complements consist not of Conges , Cringes , Salutes , Superficial Discourses , foolish Repetitions or frivilous Extravagances ; these are but the shadows , which they that use forget the substance : wheras the attraction and desert of a Complement consists very much in the gracefulness of the presence , beautified and set forth with a modest and native comeliness ; nor do I question but these three Nations have many such noble and compleat Ladies that prefer the inside before the outside , the kernel before the shell ; that make honour the Load-stone , by which they daily draw near to perfection , their own proper Centre . Certain it is , that tho' our tongues , hands , and legs be the same , our Elocution , Action , Gesture , and Posture are not the same ; though managed in the like manner by others , yet are they not alwayes directed to the same ends , as there are vast differences to be made betwixt Vertue and Vice. I cannot want instances , the fantastical Amorist is one of those puppies that hath them in a continual practise ; he forsooth will complement your very glove , worship and sweeten every seam of it with the perfume of his discourse ; he will take it for an extraordinary favor but to be the porter of a Ladies Fan , whilst she pins on her Mask : these kind of complementings among great persons are like chantings among Beggars ; only in use with the Mimicks and Buffons of our times , whose behaviours deserve more derision then applause . I will not here squirt any more ink at them , Courteous Reader , in my Preface to the youthful Gentry you shall find something to this purpose inserted , which I accounted too improper for this place . To draw to a Conclusion , the Court , and such emiminent places as Hide Park , the Spring Garden , and the New Exchange , and set Meetings at Balls , are esteemed the fittest Schools of Ceremony and Complement ; where the most select , as also the newest Fashions are alwayes in request ; where if discretion be not wanting in the Courtier , he will not fail to confirm himself to the mode and condition of the place that he is to exercise his Genius in . For Complements do not suit with all places , nor with all sorts of men ; it ill beseems a Mechanick to play the Orator ; that urbanity which becomes a Citizen , would relish of too much curiosity in a Countrey-man ; and that Complement which gives proper grace to a Courtier , would cause derision if presented by a Merchant or a Factor . The Statesman requires a graceful and grave posture , whereas in ordinary affairs of Traffique , it were indiscretion to represent any such state . Thus I might instance from the Madam to the Chamber-maid , but that I am resolved to trouble the Reader with no further Preadmonitions , the Series of the ensuing Work will fully inform him in whatsoever other concernments have been wanting in this Advertisement . Farewell . THE MYSTERIES OF Love and Eloquence ; OR , The Arts of WOOING and COMPLEMENTING , &c. The Mode of Hide Park . MAdam , That free Interest which you have granted me in your Favour , honours me with a boldness to give you an invitation this fair afternoon , to take the Air in Hide Park . Your most humble servant , Sir , I 'le assure you , had you not come as you did , you might perchance have found me there before you , for my Cousin here and I were taking up a resolution to be jogging that way . I 'le assure you , Madam , your journey will not want its pleasure , beside that of the season , if the Town news hold true . I see you came , Sir , with a resolution not to be deny'd , having brought an argument so perswasive to Women , as that of Novelty ; but pray what is it ? Madam , they say , Sir Charles — hath put off his mourning-weeds , and appears this day in the Park with a new Coach and Livery : they report he looks with an amorous Countenance upon the young Lady — to whom he intends , as they say , to give a Treatment at the Spring Garden ; so that if Businesses be well manag'd on her side , it may chance to be a match . But , pray give me leave , I heard lately that the old Countess — is dead . Very true , Madam , I was this morning at a Drapers shop in Pauls Church-yard , and there came in her Steward to provide Four hundred pounds worth of Mourning . Do's it not bring a very great addition to my Lords Estate ? Doubtless Madam , a very considerable one ; for she was always a near and parcimonious Woman , and indeed was considerable for nothing else , but the affection she bare him . I could tell you more , Madam , but I defer the rest for discourse in the Coach. In the Ring . Coachman , keep the out-side of the Ring , I think , Madam , that way will not be so dusty . This is the voice of a Gentleman that would shew a more then ordinary care of his Mistress . Much discourse cannot be expected from that restless motion of Wheels and Horses , it being only a preparative for treatment talk ; neither indeed in that place of Observation , is more required , then only as occasion serves , to tell your Lady , That is my Lord such a ones Coach ; That 's my Lady such a one ; That 's Squire such a one . And then when opportunity offers it self , to say , Your humble Servant ; my Lord ; Your most humble Servant , Madam . For though it be not so great a sin , yet it is as great a Solecism , as to talk at Church ; and they shall be counted as shallow persons , that can give no account of what they have seen here , as those that can remember nothing that they have heard spoken to a Text. This is not without reason , for it being an impossibility for Ladies to travel , it was thought fit that there should be a publick Meeting of all sorts of Societies and Habits , both Forreign and Domestique , that so those young and tender Gallants might be spar'd the labour of going beyond Sea. In the spaces among the Coaches there walk up and down Objects of Charity , and Enticements to Liberality . Beggars , and Fruiterers , who are bold Wenches , and by their own , well knowing the disposition of other Women , with their Eyes fix'd upon the Ladies , and their Ware held up to the Gentlemen , they cry so as they may easily be heard , My Lord , Will your Honour have any Civil Oranges ! Madam , Will your Honour buy a Basket of Cherries ! The Gentleman finds himself surpriz'd , but knows not which to give , Oranges or Cherries ; yet at length remembring Oranges . how great whetters of the stomach they are , and deeply considering the price of Cheesecakes , he resolves upon Cherries . Then quoth he , How do you sell your Cherries , good Woman ? A Crown a Ba●ket , my Lord , quoth she ; with which word being extreamly pleased , he parts chearfully with his money ( for who would not purchase Honour at any Rate ) and then presents his new bought treasure to his Lady in these words : Madam , I do here present you with these First-fruits of the Year , which would have been due from Pomona her self , had she not forgot the duty that she owes your perfections . The Lady makes a short reply , well knowing the end of his kindness , which was to stop her mouth . Whether Cherries are diuretick or no , I will not here dispute ; however , the Coachman presently after hath a command given him to wheel off , and the Lady finds in her self a disposition to walk on foot toward the Brakes : yet she is not so much tormented , but that she can talk ; which is commonly much to this effect : Really , Sir , I have not seen so great an appearance of company in the Park all this Spring before . Madam , it was the lustre of your person drew'em hither , and doubtless having now seen you , they will have no cause to repent their coming . Sir , you have a strong faith to speak so highly of one whom you have known no otherwise then in the formalities of a Visit ? I wish I that know my self better , knew my self so well as to confirm your Encomiums . Madam , that lies not on your part to do , for wherefore hath Nature granted Man to excell in the invention of Language , but that she would not so far deprave the dignity of the Female , which is her own Sex , as to make them the vain-glorious praisers of themselves ; and it is retaliation sufficient in you , to favour us with the acceptance of our Labours . I confess I am fallen upon a subject that I could dwell upon ; I could make a particular harange in the praise of every part that builds up the noble Frame of your Body , but I am put to silence by that little Bird which warbles tydings of more concernment to your ears . Do you not hear the Nightingale Madam ? I do , Sir. And indeed it is the first time I have heard her this Spring . They say it is lucky to unmarried people to hear her before the Cuckow . Doubtless then , Madam , the end that brought her hither , was to bring you that good fortune . Sir , It cannot be but that you must have a greater share in her happy Auguries , who better deserve them . I should then , Madam , deserve your self , which is the happiest Augury I can expect . Pardon me , Madam ; if you have open'd my mouth to utter so great crime ; for indeed I could say , I love you , but that I fear lest you should frown me into despair for such a high presumption . Believe it , Sir , my ambition never aspir'd to such thoughts , as you would fain put into me ; but if you have idly scatter'd a little respect upon a person no way meriting , doubtless a few dayes and another Object will soon randezvouze your Passions another way . Madam , could any protestation avail to fix my Constancy in your belief , you should soon command me to seal my prostrate Vows upon the Ground on which you tread ; yet since that cannot be , I onely beg this on my knees , That you will still count me your Servant , whom it shall suffice to be honoured with that Liberty which you have hitherto given , till time shall discover my immutable Affection , and the profirable Testimonies of my Obedience . The Gentleman resolves now to strike while the Iron is hot , and to win her with kindness ; for which end he carries her to the Lodge , and throws away forty or fifty shillings to please her appetite ; and to shew her that he was not so much covetous of his Money , as of her Good Will : He breaks up Cheesecakes , cuts up Tarts , and calls in for Wine and Sugar , as if his Mistress had a Legion in her belly ; though his observance is such that he eats nothing himself , for fear she should have a desire to any particular plum in his morsel , In drinking , he sweetens her Affection with a great deal of Sugar with an humble obeysance , wishing it were Nectar for her sake . She cannot be so unmannerly as not to drink to him , there being no body else in the room , which he takes for a very great kindness , and wishes for the capacious throat of the great Gyant , that he might swill up a whole pipe for joy . The Wine inspires him , and produces many extravagant Vows , and sundry Comments on her Hands , Lips , Eyes , and Forehead ; which beget an host of Comparisons , putting such a scorn and contempt upon the Sun and Moon , as if they were but meer Candles of Ten in the pound , subject to be capt by every common Extinguisher . At length , emboldned by a surreptitious vapor , upon the merits of his Oblation , he craves a kiss , which being granted , with a high satisfaction he calls to pay . This is the meek spirited Lover . But that bold Mamaluck Yelep'd , a Hector , courts his Lady more daringly . Madam , cryes he , By Heaven I love you , and then he falls down with a submissive reverence , and kisses the hem of her Petticoat ; then arising up again , he proceeds , Madam there is no person living bears you a greater respect then I , or carries more affection for you in his bosom then my self ; make trial of it , Madam , and though you bid me die , I 'le do it willingly . He comes into the Park , like the son of Death , arm'd with the accouterments of Mortality , Sword and Pistol ? he stands not much upon the nicety of Habit , so his Belt be not out of fashion . He is generally known in the Ring , and every one salutes him by the name of Tom or Jack such a one , whose kindness he requites with an Oath , and an Humble Servant : and so having done his Evening Exercise , he retires to the Lodge , where he spends his money with such a liberality , as if he bore malice to his fortunes . The next variety is that of the Horse-Races , the general Terms of which Art , are exprest in these following Dialogues . 1. Gent. In good faith , Sir , that Horse must have wings that beats me . 2. Sir , your confidence may deceive you , you will ride with a Jocky that hath Horsemanship . 1. Pish , that 's but your opinion ; I 'le tell ye what I say to ye , were it in my power , I 'de lay the World upon my Mare , that she should run with the Devil for a hundred pleces . The Gentlemen to the Jocky . 1. How now , what dost think Jocky ? 2. The crack of the whole Field is against you . Jocky . Let 'm crack and be hang'd till their lungs ake . Gentlemen . 1. What weight ? 2. I think he has the Heels . 3. All that you are to do , Jocky , is to get the start . Jocky . I 'le warrant you , if I get within his quarters once , let me alone . After Starting . 1. Twenty pounds to fifteen . 2. 'T is done with you . 3. Forty pounds to thirty . Lord. Done , done , I 'le take the odds . 1. My Lord , I hold as much . L. Not so , Sir. 1. Forty pounds to twenty . L. Done , done . 2. You have lost all , my Lord , and 't were a million . L. In your imagination , well , who can help it . 〈◊〉 . Crop had the start , and keeps it . The Loser . Gentlemen , you have a sine time to triumph , 't is not your Odds that makes you win . Upon the fatal disaster that befell the Gallants upon May-day last in Hide-Park . THe last sad May-day know ye not ? It was a fatal day , God wot , Which gay new Clothes did all bespot With mire and dirt . Much might be said of other days first , For which that Year ought to be curst , That such inhumane Traitors nurst To do men hurt . Sad to the Romans was that day When they from Hannibal ran away , Losing their gold Rings in the fray , He did so rout ' em . Was not dark Monday sad d'ye think , When Phoebus look'd as black as ink , 'T was all one whether men did wink Or stare about ' em . That day had made your hearts to ake , If Faux's plot had hap'd to take , Of which the Crums of Comfort make A large recital . And that sad day my heart doth nettle When Fire on London-bridge did settle , And Thames boyl'd under like a kettle : Men read at Whitehall . By the vast Flame : Though at this hour , I blame not fire , but a great shower , Which Heaven did on clean linen powr , And Blades a horse-back . For all that are but worth a groat , On May-day will in fine clothes show 't , Some borrow a Belt , and some a loose coat , That money in purse lack . First the clear Sun-shine did invite The Lord , the Lady , and the Knight , Who all in Satins richly dight , Did sit i' th boot . The Race-nags follow'd more then ten , Upon their backs sate Gentlemen , They never were so wash'd as then From head to foot . In sutes . from France , made a la mode , Upon their Barbaries they rode ; Oh had their money been bestow'd In pious uses : T' would ha' built an Hospital in the Strand , For Gentlemen that sell their Land , Or a Poet a week in Sack maintain'd , With all his Muses . To copy out these Fashions then , For Male and Female Citizen , The Taylor came , as fine as when He went to woe , Next came those pillars of the Nation , Those polishers of Education , Hight men o th' Kit , all in the fashion From top to toe . Phoebus withdrew his beams to see Such a deal of bravery , And scorning thus outvied to be By low mortality : He put on 's cap , cryes bonas noches , Then pist , and flung it all i th' Coaches ; Quoth he , I 'le meet with these Cocaloches For all their great quality : The Barber , Taylor , and Gentleman eke , They rid each one a tree to seek ; They were so sad they could not speak , But sigh'd at each other . They lookt on the ground with great regret , They lookt on the sky , and cry'd not yet ! Then for being born , their stockins to wet , Each curses his mother . But when their hats began to drip , Then desperation made them weep , And so they put on with spur and whip To London : But , Oh the saddle of velvet blue , And stockins of most glorious hew , They now were not fit for the stall of a Jew : Some men were undone , Then came another in a sad case , With a handful of dirt dasht in his face , Which he wip'd with his band of Flanders lace , Who could him blame , His Feather , that so gay of late Adorn'd his head , lay now so flat , You 'ld think it were crept into his hat For very shame . But as they pass'd quite through the street , The Alley-women glad to see 't , From stalls and cellars did them greet With many a flour . Most patiently they pass'd along , They took no notice who did'm wrong : But I must make an end of my Song . The candle 's out . The Mode of Balls . The Dancing Master . COme stir your selves , Maidens , 't will bring a fresh colour into your cheeks , rub hard , and let the Ladies see their faces in the boards , you may lose nothing by 't , if you be ready to light 'm out of doors your selves . And by the Mass that will I do , and make'um such fine dops and curtsies in my best Wastecoat , that they shall not chuse but take notice of me ; and Sarah shall dance a North countrey Jigg before'um too ; I warrant it will please the Ladies better then all your French whisks and frisks ; I had rather see one freak of jolly Milkmaids , then all the story that will be here to night . That 's your ignorance , Bess. Ignorance , I know not what you call ignorance , but I am sure there 's one Dance I have been longing to dance this ten years , and I can get no body to dance it with me in the way of honesty . 'T is a thousand pities Bess , yet I 'le search among my acquaintance , It may be my chance to do thee a kindness ; what Trade dost thou love best ? Any trade , any trade , Sir , I 'le not confine you ; beggars you know must never be their own choosers . Well , Bess , I 'le do my endeavour , in the mean time fetch the perfumes and fume every corner , that there may be nothing wanting but our Noble company , to make the room a perfect paradise . At the entry of the Ladies , the Master of the Ball thus accosts them one by one . Madam , You have afforded me an honour not to be requited , in granting me the happiness of your company this day . To another . Madam , Y' are welcome to this poor habitation , though your presence hath so far transported me , that I find my self unfurnish'd with words to express my gratitude for this high favour To another . Madam , I kiss your fair hands , and beg pardon for the rudeness of the Invitation which I sent you this morning ; But this I can say , you will not find your self the only sufferer through my unmannerliness . To another . Madam , Your most humble servant , 't is but just that I should give you a kind and hearty welcom , since your presence adds so much to my good fortune . To another . Madam , This civility hath eternally obliged me ; I confess there is no recompence lies in my power , and therefore I shall recommend to you these noble Ladies , to receive from them the amends , which my unworthiness is uncapable to render you . To another . My best wishes come along with you , Madam ; really , you have now done me a kindness answerable to your own goodness in honouring me with your presence before this fair society . To another . Madam , I bless my Stars that have bestow'd on me the happiness of your fair company ; I assure you , had the Queen of Love her self descended to visit this my poor habitation , she could not have been more welcom . To the Musick . Come , why is our Musick silent all this while , hath it no voice to bid these fair Ladies welcom . To a Lady taking her forth to Dance . Madam , the ambition which I have to wait on you in a Country Dance , emboldens me to invite you from your seat . Sir , You have oblig'd me to obey you , for I am engag'd to please this noble company , though I fear my performance will give them but small satisfaction . To a Gentleman , desiring him to take out his Lady . Sir , This Dance requires four , and therefore be pleased to engage a Lady to your assistance . The Applause at the end of the Dance . Lady , You needed not have made any Apology , for doubtless the Cyprian Bowers ne're knew so much delight when the Graces themselves danced there . Sir , I dare not contest with your more fluent Language , and therefore must submit , though unwillingly , to your commendations . At their going to dance Countrey Dances . Ladies , will you be pleased to dance a Countrey Dance or two , for 't is that which makes you truly sociable , and us truly happy ; being like the Corns of a Song , where all the parts sing together . To his Lady , desiring her to name her Dance . Lady , will you please to call for your own Dance , or will you lay your commands on me to name it . An offer to give over . Ladies , when you please to give your selves rest , command us to leave off ; for you must pardon us , if the desire we have to continue our own happiness make us unmanerly . At giving over . Ladies we must confess that we have too much presumed upon your goodness , and therefore we shall rather choose to quit our own Felicity , then to make your Recreation tiresom Answer . Believe not , Sir , that we can be tir'd where the Content we find in the company gives new refreshment to our Spirits , so that we should be willing still to be a part of your delight , did not the late hour of the Night , or rather the early hour of the Morning put a period to our mirth . Return of Thanks . Ladies , You see I have brought you into a rude Chamber ; I must beg your pardon , that I can give no entertainment answerable to the pains that you have taken to honour me , and grace this mean habitation of mine . Answer . Sir , There needs no such Apologics , for in earnest , you have so far engag'd us , that I believe , that there is no Lady here but will think her self oblig'd to take from hence a happy occasion , to be the publibk relater of your Nobleness and Civility . There was now a general cessation of the Feet from labor , onely that small member the Tongue was not a little put to it , to express such Complements as the Brain continually hammer'd out for its delivery : Many high Strains are spoken , many pathetical Sentences are uttered , with all varieties of Congies , Bows , and Kissing of the Hand that may be . But now in come the Sweet-meats and Burnt Wine , as the reward of their great pains , which they tipple with great alacrity , as being all very thirsty . After all this , to give a little more rest to the Ladies weary limbs , they all take ther seats , and a motion is made to go to Questions and Commands , which is by all unanimously consented to . Questions and Commands . The Question was put , Whether Colatinus were not a cuckold for all that Lucretia stabb'd her self ? To which the Lady answered in the Affirmative . It was demanded , Whether of the two wrought the most excusable Love-cure upon themselves , Hero that drown'd her self , or Phillis that hang'd her self ? It was answered , Phillis that hang'd her self ; because it may be the nature of some women to love hanging so well , that they had rather hang by the neck then not hang at all . It was ask'd , Whether it were more dangerous for Ladies to dance upon the Ropes , or to dance upon the Ground ? The Reply was , To dance upon the Ground , because that sport hath been the occasion that several Ladies have caught many a shrewd fall . It was demanded , Why women are many times more quick witted then men ? The Answer was , Because they eat so much salt . It was required , Why the Poets do so much extol Cupid for his shaft , being but a Boy ; Answer was made , That Venus bid them do it upon her reputation , who knew better what belonged to a Page then they did . It was ask'd , Why Maiden-heads was so much priz'd ? It was reply'd , Because a man might then be sure there was no danger . It was ask'd , Who was the fittest man to marry a flat nos'd woman ? The Reply was made , One that had a Roman nose . The Question was put , Why women used to spit when they heard men speak bawdy ? It was answered , Because their teeth water . It was demanded , What was the humor of those people that dyed for Love ? The Answer was , That they lov'd to dye . It was demanded of a Lady , Whether she had rather marry a Fool or a Wiseman ? Answer was made , A Wise man , unless it were such a Fool as would let her do what she listed . The Question was , Why women are said to be in subjection to men , The Answer was , Because they lie undermost . The Question was put , Whether a wise , beautiful , or wealthy woman were to be chosen ? The Reply was drawn from the comparison of a Wallnut ; For they said , Beauty was like the rind , presently peel'd off ; that a womans Wit was quickly crack'd ; and that therefore Wealth , which was like the kernel , and brought substance along with it , was to be preferred as best of all . Their Commands consisted more of Unluckiness then Wit. A Lady was commanded to put her busk in a Gentlemans codpiss . Another Lady was commanded to pull it out , which occasioned some sport , for she laying hold upon somthing else , after two or three pulls gave over , excusing her disobedience , by pretending that the busk was tackt to the Gentlemans belly . Another Lady was commanded to lead a Gentleman three times about the Room by the nose with her teeth , which being done , He was commanded to wipe off the wet with the lappet of her Smock . Another Lady is commanded to tell , how often she open'd her back-gates to let forth the captivated wind of her belly since she came into the Room . Another Lady is commanded to tell , if she have not a wart , like that in her face , upon such or such secret part of her body . Another Lady was commanded to tell , whether she had her maidenhead or no. Another was commanded to tell , who she loved best in that Room . Another was commanded to tell , how many times her Husband had enjoy'd her . The Gentlemen were commanded , One to untie a Ladies garter . Another , to kiss her bare knee . Another , to tell how many of Aretines postures he had try'd . Another , to tell who he lay with last . Another , to tell how many Mistresses he had , and which he loved best . Another was commanded to tell how many children he had that he durst not own . Another was commanded to tell how many times he could lie with a Woman in one night . By this time 't is very late , and they resolve all to depart , which makes the Master of the Ball put on all his gravity , with which he thus accosts his departing guests . Ladies , Since the time of parting is now unhappily arrived , I am now to give you thanks for that great kindness which you have shewed me ; but seeing I want expressions to perform so great a work , I shall endeavour to supply my defect of words in deeds , beseeching you to command from me what testimonies you please of my duty and service upon all occasions . Reply . Sir , we cannot in modesty require any such debt from a person who hath so much engaged us by his favours ; and so all happiness attend you till our next meeting . Pardon me Ladies , I shall wait on you to your Coaches , and then commit you to the protection of your own goodness , and of these Gentlmen who have the happy fortune to attend you home . An address to a Company of Ladies . A. Ladies , I beseech you that my coming may be no interruption to your discourse ; though it would be no small happiness to me , to partake of your pleasant entertainments . B. Sir , our discourses are not of much importance ; we meet often among our selves , and therefore we do willingly quit them , to enjoy your better company . A. Truly , Ladies , he that is in this company cannot want an Object to entertain himself ; onely it is my imperfection , that I have not language enough at command to express the zeal which I have to honour and serve your perfections , B. Sir , we dare not acknowledge any such thing in us , and therefore , if you please , take some other subject on which to imploy your Eloquence ; you will otherwise make us believe that you go about to play upon us . A. Give me leave to tell ye , Ladies , that if your modesty will not let you aver so real a truth , yet the respect which I bear to Ladies , commands me not onely to acknowledge , but to be a witness thereof . B. Sir , we beseech you not to take so difficult a task upon you , before question be made of what you affirm . A. It is good to be modest , when we speak in our own commendations , or of the vices and imperfections of another ; but when we speak in the praise of a friend , we ought not to conceal any thing of the truth . B. Sir , you place among your commendations , things that we are not guilty of , rather fancying and imagining such vertues and perfections which may become your eloquence to exalt , then believing any such in us . A. Ladies , you would force me to an injurious respect ; but it is as impossible for me , to forget your deserts , as to forget my devotions towards you . B. Sir , it is your aim to overcome us with the excess of your courtesie : yet believe it , Sir , that there is not any one of us , that does not think her self highly honour'd , if she may bear the title of your most humble servant . A. Ladies you would make me to dispair , in seeking to beat down that honour which is your due . However , I shall not cease to admire your perfections ; being sorry that I have not merit enough to render my obedience worthy your acceptance . To enter into Discourse with a Lady being in Company . A. Lady , here is a very fine appearance of fair and honorable persons , and indeed I cannot but esteem my self extremely happy in meeting with them , to participate of the content that now dwells here ; but more particularly in having the happiness to see and know you , as being a person in whom all perfections imaginable are so illustrious . B. Sir , the character which you have given of this Company is very fine ; you could not wish for persons more accomplished , nor find more honest content in any other converse . But your favour , Sir , is too excessive , to attribute such great praises to her that doth so little merit them , and which in comparison to others , hath no one vertue to render her considerable . A. Madam , your modesty makes your speak to your own disadvantage , and it may be permitted to you ; but if I should consent to what you say , it would be a great fault in me ; or if I should dissemble a truth which is so apparent to the eyes of the whole world , I should render my self altogether unworthy to behold so fair an object , should I not know how to admire the wonders and graces of your beauty ; the lustre whereof , your modest expressions are not able to reclipse . For my part , I cannot conceal how great a sway you bear over my affections , so that there is nothing in my power , that I do not freely dedicate to your service . B. Sir , the more high you are in your expressions , the more am I subject to abate of the praises which you so liberally bestow upon me ; in regard Heaven hath not been so bountiful of its graces towards me . And therefore not judging my self worthy the favours which you heap upon me , I humbly intreat you , Sir , to change your discourse . A. Lady , though at present , you refuse me the honour of serving you , yet I shall not cease to seek all occasions to make the truth and sincerity of my words apparent . An Address , to make known an Affection for his Mistriss . A. Madam , among all the dayes of my life I must accompt this the happiest above all the rest , wherein I had the honour first to know you . B. Sir , if I did know any thing in my self , worthy your merits , I should esteem my self obliged to employ it to your honor : But there being in me nothing but weakness , and imperfection , I do not imagine how the knowledge of me can any way contribute to your content , much less to your well being . A. Madam , I see so many perfections ; that I find my self oblig'd to honour them to the utmost of my power , and to offer you my most humble service . B. Sir , this is your courtesie and favour , that seek to qualifie my defects , onely to shew the excellent endowments that nature hath bestow'd on you . A. Pardon me , Madam , it is the inchanting force of your worth and vertues , which oblige me , not onely to honour and serve you , but also to seek an interest in your graces . B. Sir , all that a Daughter of Honour owes to a Person of Merit , you have already at your devotion ; I respect your qualities , admire your vertues , and wish you a happiness answerable to the nobleness of your designs . A. Believe it , Madam , that my desires are good , and that my affection , if your wishes flow from a sincere intention to oblige me , is the most happy that ever was in the world . B. Pardon me , Sir , I have not so piercing an apprehension to understand the meaning of your intentions ; that which I say is upon no other accompt , only to give you the honor which is due to you . It is true , Madam , I do you wrong , to go about , to make you believe , that which I have never made apparent by any certain proof ; However , that shall not hinder me from telling you , that your perfections have so far incaptivated my senses and affection , that I have resolved neither to love nor serve an● other , but your self . I therefore only intreat you , to esteem my affection real , and to perfect your own wishes . B. Certainly , Sir , I cannot believe that you would set your affection upon a person so inconsiderable . It su●●ices me to have the honor to know you , and I desire that your good fortune may guide you to some person more worthy your esteem . A. Madam , I have not so far forgot my self , as to forget your merits and perfections . My resolution is unseigned , to serve you to the utmost of my power , and your refusal diminisheth nothing of my affection ; only take it for granted , that I desire to be your servant . Sir , I am not Mistriss of my self , and for that reason cannot accept of your offer ; but if you shall find , that the affection , which you say you bear me , is well liked of by my Parents , I shall esteem my self , very much honoured in your love , and shall , as far as honour will permit me , do any thing to assure you of my good will. Lady , you do infinitely oblige me , for which I return you many thanks ; I shall seek all occasions to obtain the leave of your Parents , in the mean while honor me with your command , and suffer me to kiss your hand . Sir I am your very humble Servant . Addresses of Salutation . Save you fair Lady , all health and your own wishes be upon you . All the toys the Gods delight in , wait on you , fairest . Ans. Sir , I should be ungrateful not to wish you a share in them . By your leave Lady , may my boldness prove pardonable . Good morrow to you Sir , to meet you was a happiness that I did not dream of . But tell me how it is with you ? Well , Sir , at present , and I hope always shall be so , to do you service . Save you Sir , you are most fortunately met . Lady , The pleasure of this sweet morning attend you . On her Face . You are the beauty without parallel ; in your Face all the Graces , and in your Mind all the Vertues are met : he that looks upon your mild Aspect , were it the most savage creature , would derive a new Nature from your Beauty . On her Eyes and Lips. That Eye was Juno's , those Lips were once the Queen of Loves , that Virgin Blush was Diana's : Thus , Madam , You have a Donative from every Deity . On her Beauty . Apollo hath given you his orient Brightness ; Venus her curious Shape ; Jupiter his high and stately Forehead ; the God of Eloquence his flowing Speech : and all the Female Deities have show'd their Bounties and Beauties on your Face . On her Hair. Her Hair is like the Beams that adorn Apollo's head . Her Locks Soft as new spun Silk , curling with such a natural wantonness , as if they strove to delight the Fancy of her that wears them . Her Forehead Made a stately prospect , and show'd like a fair Castle commanding some goodly Countrey . Her Face So full of majesty , that Aurora blushes to see a countenance brighter then her own . Her Face is full of Sun-shine . Her Looks Have more entertainment then all the vain pomp which the Persians ever taught the world . Her Eyes Dart Lightning through the Air. The Stars borrow new light from your more radiant Eyes . They are able to grace the Heavens , and beautisie the Skie in the clearest night . They are Natures richest Diamonds set in foils of polisht Ivory . Her Smiles Are so graceful and full of comfort , that with them she is able to revive a dying Lover . Her Cheeks Shew like Lawn spread upon Roses . Nature painted the colour thereof in the most glorious Tulips . They are slips of Paradise , not to be gather'd but wondred at . Her Breath So sweet , that the Arabian Odours seem to borrow their excellency from thence . It expires more sweet Odours then issu'd from the palm-trees in Paradise . Her Lips Are like the full ripe Cherry , which when they open , discover a treasury greater then that of the Indian Ivory . Her Chin Shews llke a piece of pure and polisht Chrystal , which the God of Love delights to uphold with his soft hand . Her Tongue Is tipt with such a fire and powerful art , as might tame the most rebellious spirit . Her Brow Is Cupids Bow , most sweetly bent , to shoot his Darts against every heart . Her Neck Of such a whiteness as exceeds the unsull'd Snow . Her Words Invade the weakned senses , and overcome the heart . Her Voice So charming , that it hath power to do more then ever Spirits or Orpheus did ; should the holy Church-men use it , it would tie up the nightly , without the addition of more exorcism . Her Arms Are sit to embrace a King. Her Hands Soft and smooth , the violet Veins whereof run along like Mines of Turkoeses . Her Breasts Are two mountains of pure Snow , from the two Fountains whereof , Cupid himself sucks Nectar . Briefly , in the Abstract of her Self . She comprehends whatsoever can be imagin'd , or wish'd for in the Idea of a Woman ; She is so heavenly a piece , that when Nature had wrought her , she lost her needle , like one that never hop'd to work again any so fair and lively a creature . An Address of Courtship to his Mistress . Lady , My vital breath runs coldly through my veins , I am sick for your Love , dearest Lady ; neither is there any thing , but your own heart , can heal me : believe me also , fairest of Women , there is nothing beneath the Moon , but your frown , can grieve me . Sir , Methinks this is a strange fit . Lady , Count not my love light , because 't is sudden ; for By Cupids Bow , I swear , I never knew true Love till now . Sir , I intreat you not to wrong your self , and me ; your love is violent , and soon will have a period ; for that is the most perfect love , which loves for ever . Such love is mine , believe me , divinest Beauty , for although men use to lie , yet do I speak truth ; and therefore , Madam , give me sentence either of life , or of a speedy death ; can you affect so mean a person ? Truly Sir , I should deny my thoughts , to give you an absolute denial , yet must I not turn disloyal to former Promises , and therefore let this suffice , I cannot wrong my friend . Then here my love must end , and in your presence thus for love I die . Nay , hold Sir , these are soul killing passions , I had rather wrong my friend , then that you should wrong your self Love me dear soul , or else my death is but delay'd ; my Vow is fixt in Heaven , and no fear shall move me : for my life is a death , that tortures me , unless you love me . Give me then but a little respite , and I will resolve you . Alass , Madam , my heart denies it ; my blood is violent , now or else never love me . Love me , and both Art and Nature at large shall strive to be profuse in ravishing thy sense . I will entice Dalliance from thee with my smiles , and I will steal away thy heart with my chaste kisses , Well , Sir , I am yours then from all the world ; your wit and your person have entranc'd my soul. I kiss thee , Dearest , for that breath ; and know that thou hast now joyn'd thy self to one whose life rests onely in thy sight . To discourse concerning the noise of a Match . Sir , I am very glad to meet with you , were it for no other reason , but to give you joy . Sir , Your company is always a thing most acceptable to me , and your wishes cannot be other then very fortunate ; yet , if you please , pray let me understand why you wish me so much felicity , there being nothing new that I know of in my condition . Sir , You dissemble that which is well known to many , and which hath been told me some few days since . Pray Sir , do the favour to tell me what it is , for I can neither think nor imagine . Sir , They say that you intend to marry in this Town . Truly , Sir , 't is the first news that I have heard of any such thing . I can assure you , Sir , those that told me , believe that they know very well ; and they take upon them to report many particulars . Pray Sir , be pleas'd to tell me , to whom , and what are the good Conditions of this Marriage ; perchance the person and the advantages may be such , that I may speedily advise with my self ; and as speedily resolve . Why should you do so , Sir ? Would you marry out of your Countrey , far from your friends , and distant from all conveniences ; obliging your self to quit the sweet presence of your kindred , or else to bring a strange Woman among them , which of what House or Quality soever she be , either will her self be despis'd , or bring envy upon you . Sir , You have not answer'd my question , but instead thereof have made a kind of sophistical digression . I shall therefore come now more close to the matter ; the young Lady is the daughter of M. N. to whom her Mother left a very fair Estate , besides a very fair Portion which her father intends to bestow upon her . Sir , You have told me so much that you make my mouth water ; I know her Father well , he is a Gentleman of worth and honour ; the young Lady is Fair , Wise , and Rich , which are three good qualities : And truly I do not so much mislike her , but that if I thought I had so much interest in her Affections , as that I should be master of them for asking , I would run the hazard of sending one packet . Surely , Sir , you must know something , I am told that you do not speak the truth , dissemble the matter as well as you ca● . Believe it , Sir , nothing to any such purpose has been so much as mention'd by me . Those that report this , are persons that take all occasions to babble , and urge the least appearances of a thing for certainties : and certainly this rumour comes from my frequenting often the places thereabouts , or because that now and then I go to see her Father . Sir , That may be very likely ; but 't is very incredible but that there must be something in it : you know there is no smoak but there is some fire . Truly , Sir , I do not wonder at all at it ; for we must give the world leave to talk . But do you believe you should do well to engage your self in a business of such importance , on which , not only your fortune , but the content of your Parents depends . Be confident , Sir , that I was never counted a rash person , yet I have such an assurance in the paternal care and wisdom of my friends , that if any advantage did present it self in my behalf , they would not stick to quit some part of their content for my good . Sir , You have fully satisfi'd me , and if there be any thing begun already , I wish you all happiness and content . Several Addresses of perfect Courtship . Lady , Who are inspir'd with all the praises that the world can bestow upon your sex , I am come to offer you my service , which you may at present only call obedient , hoping that your better knowledge thereof will stile it faithful . Truly , Sir , I think that fame is more favourable to me then truth , seeing that all that which is publish'd concerning me proves so false ; and therefore you have reason to present me your feigned service , in obedience to my feigned merits . Madam , You wrong your Beauty , which being so great , can work no other designs in men , but those of truly honoring you . Sir , This confirms my former opinion , for seeing my self without Beauty , of which you cannot be ignorant , I must necessarily be unprovided of all those Services that depend thereon . Madam , I fear I should sin against the truth , should I put my self to the trouble to make you see them ; it is a thing so visible of it self , that by endeavouring to demonstrate it by words , I should presume to assist your judgment . Sir , I find that you are easily able to overcome my Rhetorick , but not my Belief . Madam , I am confident to gain this advantage by showing the proofs of my Obedience , that men will condemn your misbelief , to authorize my true sayings . Sir , Such kind of words as these , are usual in this age , which promise alwayes a great deal of Sérvice , but performs little but outward Complement . Madam , 't is very ordinary to swear the same words , but a thing very extraordinary to make them afterwards appear to be truth : But that which may assure you that I do not walk the common path , is , That I know your Beauty to be such , as is onely to be serv'd by knowledge , not by imtation ; which makes my Design glorious , and my Enterprize noble , that waits on such an Object . Sir , I know not how you can call this an Enterprize , since your Design is more easie then courageous ; and a noble Enterprize hath always difficulties that opose it . Madam , My resolution to serve you is so magnanimous , that there can no ill fortune attend upon it ; for if you do make the end happy , it will be always an honour to my courage , to have , and to pretend to your accomplish'd Graces . Sir , Since you do establish your content upon unhappiness , your hopes , cannot deceive you much ; for if it do deceive you , it will be in making you happy . Madam , I can easily count it an honour to serve you , as being oblig'd by your merit , and my obedience . Sir , I shall never counsel a generous soul to stop at such Designs , since his resolution is so low , that infallibly both the Design must fail , and Repentance ensue . Madam , That which animates me more to do you service , is this , That I shall receive this honour from the Enteprize , that there is no small difficulty in performing it , with that perfection , as it requires . Sir , If you do give such proofs , as you offer , of service , you shall be acknowledg'd through the whole Empire of Love. Madam , Since I have the courage to pretend to the merit of your fair Graces , I shall have a care to keep my self constant ; and certainly it behooves me , there being so strict a watch over me . The Departure . Adieu dear Beauty ; it behooves me to be banish'd from you , that I may dispose my Soul to esteem you the more ; one way , by the loss of your presence , another way , by recollecting the thoughts of past happiness . Truly Sir , you have very great reason to make use of your Fancy , when you would praise me ; for Fancy and Thoughts will forge imagenary Merits , where your Eyes and Judgement will finde the contrary . Madam , You do very well make use of a new custom , I believe you would perswade your self to speak false , that you might have an advantage over one , that breath nothing but the truth ; is it possible that such a vanity should make you offend that which I honour , and that which you possess . Truly Madam , you will gain nothing by it , but the pleasure of fine words . Sir , Call them rather true , and then you will speak truth your self . You continue , Madam , acquiring new glories to your perswasions , by maintaining Paradoxes against your Beauty , which will be alwayes perfect in it self , though not in your opinion . Sir , If I am perfect , I do know my self ; perfection being the knowledge of ones self : since therefore I do know my self , I may be permitted to stile my self very poor in Merits . But you would perswade the contrary , to exercise your parts , knowing that it is a greater honour to vanquish the Truth , then to sustain it . Madam , The design which I have to serve you , may give you testimony sufficient of that power which you have to dispose of me ; In one moment I saw you enjoying a thousand wonders , and in a moment I was sensible of a thousand torments of Love ; and being capable of nothing but Admiration , methought that this Beauty was in the world for no other end , but deserve , and for me to be obedient to . I see no reason , Fairest , that the belief which I have taken with the clearest judgement that I have of your Beauty , should be swallow'd up by your misbelieving opinions . Sir , They say , that contrariety doth animate persons the more ; and therefore I shall be silent , that I may hinder these unjust Praises ; perhaps you will have pitty on my seeble resistance , and will be weary of conquering so easily . Madam , 'T is rather my self that ought to keep silent , being so lately in an astonishment ; but as for you ; Madam , it would be a sin against your fair lips , whose words are Oracles . Then pray , Sir , why do you not believe that which I say , for all Oracles are truth ? But why will you , Madam , by perswasion hinder the belief which I have taken with sight and judgment . For I will believe your Beauty against all your unbelief and undervaluings : and also continue the Service which I have sworn you , against any thing that shall hinder it . My Attempt also hath promis'd my Design , that future Ages shall admire your Merit and my Servitude ; and record us as the most faithful Lovers in Cupid's Dominions . I fear , Sir , that time will alter this opinion . Madam , Time can do nothing against that which Love hath ordain'd ; he is the master of Fortune , and an enemy to change . But wherefore this superfluity of speech ? It is better to believe by the force of Words , then by the force of Perswasion ; and therefore at this time , it is more necessary for me , to demand of you Remedies for this remove , the apprehension whereof makes me endure this present pain . Sir , It behooves you to forget your Design , and you will avoid the Pain that will follow , and also the Repentance . No , Madam , I will keep the memory of my Design eternally , and shall always see painted before me the glory of my Enterprize . Adieu great Beauty , you shall never cast your eyes downward , but you shall perceive , lying at your feet , him that admires you ; nor ever elevate your Thoughts to your deserts , but you shall remember your conquest . Adieu Fairest , for now I leave the Sun , and go to seek out Night and Sorrows cell . The Return . I come , Madam , to receive as much content from your chearful Countenance , as the loss of it hath yielded me sorrow . I know the Good will now be as great as the Evil , since they proceed both from the same cause . Sir , I do believe that you do receive the one , as well as you have suffer'd the other : but I beseech you , Sir , to tell me from whence that pain proceeds , which you say you do endure ; for as to my self , I do believe , that the pleasure of Thinking , is greater then that of Seeing . Madam , It is permitted me to think , but experiment forbids me believe that opinion ; for I receive from my Imaginations only a good imagination ; on the contrary the sight cannot err . But it is said , Sir , that the presence only contents the Eyes , which are Mortal ; but that absence exercises the Soul , which is Divine ; and therefore if that did any way afflict you , you might easily avoid it . It was some good Genius , Madam , that took me yesterday from your eyes , that I might the better value the happiness of their lustre , and avoid the extremity of that pain which the loss of them made me endure ; causing in me such an impatience to return to you , that every hour I staid from you seem'd an age . Sir , That which is foreseen is easily avoided . Now you perceive whence the evil that you speak of proceeds , yet the little occasion that you had to fear it , makes you find it out willingly ; therefore blame your own desires , which have procur'd you this evil , and do not complain on Destiny , which is always just . Madam , My Will is not the cause ; for then I should fly my self , and come back to you : but Love , to abuse me the more , gave me the Desire , and hinder'd the Effect . Though I believe it to be one of his Destinies , for it behooves a true passion to overcome the violence of all opposition by a diligent constancy . Demand of Assurance . Fairest , It is now time that I should require from you some Assurances of your friendship , because I cannot grant you that authority which you have over my Affections , but by the service which I am willing to render to your power : The proof whereof depends upon opportunity , and the opportunity occasion upon your commands : swear to me therefore , by your fair Eyes , that you love that which they have subdu'd , that I may boast my ruine to be a mark as well of my glory , as of your puissance . Do you think , Sir , that that which is ruin'd by the Eyes , can ●e belov'd by the Heart ? Dear Lady , why should you not affect that love which you your self have created ? Would you cause it to be born and dye at the same instant ? that would be the action of an inconstant soul. It is you , Sir , that run the hazard of being call'd by that name ; for if love proceed from merit , you will soon finde some one more worthy your Affection then my self . Madam , I shall never seck the means to find any more signal worth then that which you possess ; it is permitted to those who are less worthy to have such jealousies , but not to you whose Beauty hath such a supereminence above all others in the world . No Madam , take counsel of your own worth , and it will shew the fair Election which I have made , how impossible it is to be changed ; the design coming from the judgement of our Soul , which being Divine , cannot erre . But , Sir , they say that love is very subject to knowledge , of which you being so well provided , 't is to be fear'd , that you may make use of those agreeable diversities , that Love doth every day present to unfaithful Lovers . Madam , May he banish me from his Empire , if I have any other Will , then what is agreeable to his . He sees that I am yours , so his Power and my Will are agreed ; my Designs concur with his Commands . Sir , I believe that Love himself could not know how to force you to love . He fear'd , Madam , lest he should be made himself a slave ; He hath no force able to resist your puissance , unless it be your own : therefore since you have this Glory entire to your self , to have vanquish'd all the world , there remains nothing now , but that you should vanquish your self . Sir , I cannot do any thing else but vanquish , having neither Will nor Thought , which doth not render obedience to that duty , which I have taken to be the perfect guide of my life . Madam , You oppose your Designs to my Prayers , to the end , this refusal may redouble my passion , and cause me to persist more eagerly in the pursuit of your tempting Graces : yet it suffices that the pain and difficulties of the acquest , will remain the glory of my conquest . If it be your Difficulties , Sir , that can create your Glory , why do you complain ? Madam , I do not repine at the pain , but at your unkindness that will not acknowledge it ; but if that be not so , I do conjure your fair Lips to produce some assurance of your friendship . Will Sir , then I do promise your servitude , to acknowledge it for the price of your constancy ; and believe this , that as my true passion doth onely oblige me , so there is no adjuration shall have power over me . Madam , I wish that I could transform my whole will into words , to render you sufficient thanks for this favourable promise ; but since I am not born capable of such a happiness , I will only say this , That he to whom your Favours are so liberally extended , shall pass the rest of his days in your Service . The Trial. Madam , If the opportunities of serving you were as ordinary , as those of speaking to you , I had rendred you as many Services , as I have spoken Words . I dare not confirm them always with the same testimonies ; and since I am so little capable of persuasion , I fear I shall discover my Ignorance and not my Servitude . Sir , I am of opinion that the custom of Persuasion is only used there , where Truth is wanting : and therefore seeing you have always protested the Truth , you ought not to make use of it , else you will make your Oaths and my Credit as indifferent , as your Words and Assurance would be . The cunning of a Discourse shall never do me such an ill office , as to make me believe an untruth ; for I am ignorant of the custom and invention thereof , which shall cause me not to seek out such an Enterprize , to the end , that being warranted from the disturbance which I find between the resolution and the event , I should not give you for an assurance , that the whole world , seeing so noble a Design as mine , will judge that I owe an eternal perseverance to it . Be advis'd , Sir , to conform your minde to your words , for time will give us always opportunities to distinguish between those that are feigned , and those that are true . Truly I must make this promise in answer to your promises , that if I do not finde them true , you will repent to have so vainly lost them ; for I shall always reserve to my self this power , either to reject or accept of what you tender me , Why should your belief take any ill impression of your servant ? I do call love and your beauty to witness , that I should always preserve my self the same . Well Sir , I shall content my self at present with your drift , notwithstanding I shall expect better assurances . Madam , Be confident that you shall draw as much fidelity from your conquest , as I expect glory and happiness from my subjection . But I desire to know if your Promises shall be as faithfully performed , as your Oaths . Much more , Madam , for I can give you but weak words , which my ignorance furnishes me withall : whereby you work effects worthy a glorious death . Will you then die for me , Sir ? No , Madam , for that which would be a death to others , would be a life to me , provided it came from your hand . Live then , Sir , and take heed that your repentance do not kill you . 'T is well , Madam , I shall live your Servant , and live long through the worth of my preserver . Full Satisfaction . Madam , The day wherein I had the happiness to present my Soul and my Affections to you , and then you made au entire conquest of all that was within me , I had also a thousand jealousies of misfortune : for the fairest conquests are always cross'd , and my small merit did not permit me the honour of your friendship . But since that you and my good fortune have deceiv'd my apprehension , therefore by how much the more extraordinary the Affection is which you have testifi'd to me , so much the more carefully shall I keep the Obligation which I have to serve you . Not me , Sir , I never could in the least pretend to your Favour , that is a happiness which , I swear to you , my Desire doth rather enjoy then my Hope ; and there is reason for it , seeing you the possessor of so many rich Qualities . I see , Madam , that I shall possess nothing hereafter , since I must take all from my self to bestow it upon her , for whom I could willingly suffer my self to be robb'd of all . Sir , When I shall enjoy that happiness , the gift will be much greater then all I can yet call my own . Teach me , Madam , how I may swear , and you shall see what use I will make of it , to assure you , that I am wholly yours ; and that that which Love gives you now , can never be taken from you but by death . Sir , Be confident that I shall diligently seek all opportunities to deserve you ; and receive these words for the most infallible , that ever Faith it self swore . Madam , I shall live always at your devotion . And I , Sir , living to you , shall live to my self . Then , Lady , let us tye our souls together with this kiss . And now this enterprize having given me so much joy as to think of it , I will go sacrifice my silence to your judgement . An Amorous Complement . Lady , Wounded by your beauty , I will acknowledge it a mercy if you kill me not ; yet rather murther me then vulnerate still your creature , unless you mean to heal what you have hurt ; giving me a remedy from the same instrument wherewith you pierc'd me ; your Eye having shot lightning into my breast , hath power with a smile to fetch out the consuming fire , and yet leave my heart enflamed . Sir , Although , where I am not guilty of offence , I might justly deny to descend to a satisfaction ; yet rather then I would be counted a murtherer , I would study to preserve so sweet a Model as your self ; and since you desire that my Eye which hath enflamed you , should by the vertue of a gracious Smile make you happy in your fire : It shall shine as you would have it , disclaim that Beam that displayes it self upon another Object . The Discourse of a Gentleman bringing his Friend into Company . Gentlemen , Knowing that you were here , I am come to have the honour to see you , and to kiss your hands ; and moreover on the confidence of your favour , I have taken the boldness to bring this Gentleman along with me , being a person that deserves much respect . The Company . Sir , It is a singular contentment to us to see you ; you and your friend shall be always welcome ; our devotion is dedicated wholly to your service : But as for these Ladies we cannot so dispose of them , it lies on your part and his to insinuate your selves into their favour . The Stranger Replies . Gentlemen , I durst not have so far presum'd thus to thrust my self into your company , being altogether unknown to you , if this Gentleman , who is my friend , had not put me under the shelter of his favour ; the honour which you shew me for his sake obliges me infinitely : and as for these Ladies , their excellent beauty and a●●ability seem to promise me this happiness , that at least my presence shall not displease them ; and that if they will permit me the ●avour to see them , perhaps hereafter by my services , I shall gain some other interest in their Affection . The Ladies . Sir , We should shew our selves as much unprovided of Judgment , as we esteem our selves to be of Beauty , if we should not regard your worth , of which your friend and ours gives so good a testimony , and which your behaviour and language discovers sufficiently of it self . You need not doubt , Sir , but that you are lookt upon with a good Eye by every one of us , and that we altogether desire to give you that honour which is due to you . To them the Stranger . Ladies , You oblige me with so much civility and respect , that I shall bear you an eternal gratitude ; this is my unhappiness , that I have not an opportunity to render you that service which may equal your deserts : yet shall I not cease to offer it to you , beseeching you to receive it with as good a will , as I offer it unfeignedly to you . The Ladies . Sir , You exceed in your courtesie , we are satisfi'd enough with the honour of your presence , and with the contentment which we receive from your acceptable company . The Stranger . Perhaps , Ladies , you do not esteem my service worthy your deserts ; yet for all that , I shall not omit any opportunity to testifie how much I honour and esteem you . Another Gentleman . Sir , We are going to play , will you please to make one , or do you like it better to entertain the Ladies ? The Stranger . Sir , I am very well here , and though I have to do with the stronger party , yet I shall try my fortune among the Ladies . The Ladies . Sir , You will have a hard task to be a gainer here . The Stranger . Ladies , I care not for any loss , so I may gain a part in your good affections . A Lady . Sir , I believe you will have small content in our slender entertainment . The Stranger . Ladies , Had I no other happiness but that of seeing you , there is enough to ravish all my senses , so much do I see there of Beauties and Graces ; neither do I believe that Paris ever saw more perfection in the three Goddesses . To him one of the company answers . Sir , If you had an apple of Gold to bribe them withall , you would perswade them sooner to your opinion . The Stranger . But besides this , Ladies , I doubt not but that the excellency of your minds is correspondent to the beauty of your Faces ; and that there are not more Charms in your Words , then there are Wonders in your Thoughts , which makes me prefer the happiness of being in your company , before any other . The Ladies . Sir , If we did not know our selves very well , you would make us presume very high of our selves ; but we only believe that you put your Eloquence into a full career to pass away the time . The Stranger . Ladies , Your modesty shall not make me to forget my duty , which is to admire and publish your perfections , and to honor them with all my p 〈…〉 ; yet if my unhappiness shall be such , that you shall no● 〈…〉 e a person worthy such a task , it will be my comfort 〈◊〉 have met with such pleasing enemies . To offer Service and to begin a Friendship G. Sir , The reputation of your vertue and courtesie hath made me desire the honour of your knowledge and familiarity , so that not finding any other opportunity to insinuate my self , I have taken the boldness to come and find you , to offer you my humble service , and assure you of the sincerity of my affection . Sir , I thank you most kindly for the paines that you have taken to come and see me , though I know nothing in me that can merit the honour which you have done me . Yet if there be any thing which may make me worthy your friendship and affection , assure your self that I do offer it you with a very good will. Beseeching you that for a tryall thereof , you would honour me with your commands , and my obedience shall testifie my affection . Sir , You ought not to debase those good qualities which are in you , the worth thereof is too well known , and I do not esteem the obligation less for the honour which you do me , in receiving me so courteously in the number of your friends , only I fear that I shall not have means enough to acknowledge them according to their true esteem . Sir , I shall receive full satisfaction from your good will , with the which I finde my self highly honoured ; and therefore I shall study to preserve it by my humble service , and shall honour my self in coming to see you . Sir , There shall be no man more welcom to me , I shall earnestly attend your coming , in the confidence whereof I kiss your hands . Sir , I remain your most humble servant . To make an Acquaintance Sir , I count it a singular happiness to have met with this acceptable company , since it hath been a means to bring me into your acquaintance . Sir , If the good fortune that brought us together into this place did put also into my hands the means to make my acquaintance profitable , since your favour esteems it acceptable , I should think my self happy in a double manner ; but I beseech you , Sir , let not my good will suffer for want of opportunity . Sir , Your worth obliges me to make a great esteem of your acquaintance , and to desire your friendship ; and indeed it was my intention to offer you my most humble service ; but , Sir , you have doubly obliged me , preventing me by the offer of your good affection , for which I give you my most cordial thanks , and beseech you to accept reciprocally of mine . Sir , I accept the offer which you are pleased to make me , but on condition that I may merit them by all means possible . Sir , You would oblige me further then my power is able to acknowledge ; it shall be sufficient for me to have the honour of your good will , and the liberty of coming sometimes to receive your commands . Sir , I say nothing how far my duty doth oblige me , I beseech you to believe that the affection which I have to put in practise , is sincere , and shall appear upon the first occasion . Notwithstanding , there is nothing which I shall more desire , then the honour of waiting on you at your own House . Sir , You shall ever be most welcome . A Visit. Sir , Ever since I have had the honour to be acquainted with you , you have obliged me with so many favours , that I know not how to enter into any worthy acknowledgement . I have taken the boldness to give you a Visit , that I might give you more ample thanks , and assure you of the continuance of my devotion to your service . Sir , I do not believe it in my power to give you respect euough for so much worth ; but assure your self that it shall be no fault of my good will. You infinitely oblige me , in giving me the honour of this visit . Sir , you are more then welcome . Sir , You oblige me with courtesie , and every day bestow new favours on me ; I fear that in the end you will oblige me to become ungrateful , not being able to requite the honour which you do me . But now tell me , Sir , how have you done since I had last the honour to see you . Very well , Sir , at your service ; pray how have you done ? I have not been very well , but this shall not hinder me from serving those that do me the honour to have any kindness for me . To request a Courtesie . Sir , The good affection which you have always testifi'd towards me , hath made me take the boldness to request a Courtesie of you , That you would be pleas'd to give me your advice , and lend me your assistance in an affair of moment ; it would add to your former obligations , and I shall be always oblig'd particularly to acknowledge it . Sir , The affection which I bear you is sincere , and as for that little proof which you have seen thereof , it is but a small pattern of that which I desire to perform on your behalf . Assure your self that in this which you demand , and upon all other occasions , you shall finde me always dispos'd to serve you . Sir , You double the obligations which you have laid upon me by your readiness and freeness ; it will never be in the power either of my words or actions to make a full acknowledgement : Yet if you please , honour me with some of your commands , that I may be enterprizing some action of duty and gratitude . To give thanks for a Courtesie received . Sir , That good affection which you have made appear toward me , commands me to give you thanks for the honour and favour which you were pleas'd to do me , you have oblig'd me more then any man in the world . Sir , I do cordially love my friends , and do not willingly refuse them any thing which is in my power ; take what I do in good part , and believe that I would do more for you . Sir , I have not merited this favour ; it behooves me to seek all opportunities to make you a full acknowledgement . Sir , Your thanks have surpass'd the service which I have done you ; I would not put you to purchase so dearly the favor of your friends : I can assure you , Sir , there is nothing in my power which is not at your commands . Sir , I cannot doubt of your affection , and be confident that I shall ever acknowledge it . I am , Sir , your as much obliged as affectionate Servant . To invite a Friend to Dinner . Sir , Since you are so well met , I beseech you Sir , to go home and dine with me . Sir , I give you many thanks ; it suffices me to have had the honour to see you , and to understand your good health . Sir , I intreat you that I may have the honour to entertain you a little longer , which may be conveniently done for a dining while , if you please to have the patience to stay . Sir , If in so doing I could do you any service , or that my Presence were capable of giving you any content , I should not be difficultly intreated ; but I am afraid of giving you so much trouble . Pardon me , Sir , your company is very acceptable , and obliges me very much . Sir , I have some business which I must dispatch , and there fore I beseech you to excuse me . Sir , I would not be a hinderance to you , but I am sorry not to have the happiness to enjoy you a longer time . Sir , I am as much troubled that I cannot accept of the honour which you would bestow upon me , yet I must confess my self to have a very great obligation . Sir , I hope another time will be more convenient . Sir , I shall be always ready to obey you Another form of Invitation . Sir , Since I have the good fortune to meet you , oblige me so far as to take a small Dinner with me . Sir , Were it in my power to do you service , I would willingly accompany you , but my presence will be both inconvenient and troublesome . I bseech you , Sir , use not these excuses , your company cannot but be very acceptable ; but perhaps you suspect your being ill treated . Pardon me , Sir , I know there is all good entertainment in your house , and that you may not think that I have any such apprehension , I shall do whatsoever you please to command me . Sir , You shall be very welcome , and you oblige me exceedingly . Before Dinner . Sir , Be pleas'd to seat your self there , that is the place which is appointed for you . Sir , I shall be obedient , 't is better to be uncivil , then troublesom . After Dinner . Sir , You will excuse your bad entertainment , otherwise we must oblige our selves to make you a better . Sir , Your entertainment hath been very good , there hath been no fault , there is no need of excuses . At least you may assure your self to have been lookt upon with a respect , and to have been cordially receiv'd . I wish I could testifie my affection to you in a thing that were more worthy of you . Sir , I have had so many testimonies of your favour that I am ashamed that I have not bin able to give you better acknowledgements , which I shall be ready to do , when you are pleas'd to honour me with your commands . At present I humbly thank you for my entertainment and kiss your hands . Sir , I recommend my self to your good thoughts . To take leave of his Friends Wife . Madam , The favour which I have received from your husband , obliges me to you both ; I cannot at present give you sufficient thanks , but I beseech you to believe that my apprehension of them is such , that I shall give my self no repose , till I have found an occasion to revenge my self . Your most humble servant , Madam . To take leave of a Lady with whom you are familiar . Madam , among the favours that I have received in this town I esteem the honour of your acquaintance the chiefest ; But as much as I estem'd my self happy in the content which I receiv'd in your sweet company and conversation , so much do I now find my self unfortunate by reason of the necessity of my departure . If I thought my self worthy of your memory , I would beseech you to bear me always in your thoughts . For I do assure you , that nothing shall take from my mind th' Idea of your perfections , to which I have vow'd so much service and respect , and which I shall always cherish in my memory . Neither will there be any greater glory which I can boast of , then to stile my self your most obedient Servant ; under which notion I give you this farewel , recommending my self to your fair vertues and affections . A Private Intercourse between the Trunk-breech'd Page and the waiting Gentlewoman in her Ladies Chamber . Come Mrs. Katharine , now my Master and my Lady are gone forth , you and I in their absence had best stay and exercise one another . How mean you Page ? Why I 'le teach you , if you will vouchsafe to learn. How prithee now ? Let me beg your Lip. I cannot spare it by any means . I warrant you scorn me now , because I want hair upon my upper-lip ; yet I can tell you , I have kist Ladies ere now , and have been sent for to their Chambers . That 's a good one , you sent for ! Yes , and have been trusted with their secrets too ; such pretty little things as we are , can play at hoop all hid under a Fardingale ; prithee how long hast thou been a Waiting-woman ? Not above a month yet . I thought so , you are so ignorant : I warrant you have your maiden-head still . I do hope so . Oh fie upon 't , away with it for shame , chaffer it with the Coach-man for the credit of your profession ; 't is finable among Lasses of your rank . Good Mr. Page , how long have you been skill'd in these affairs . E're since I was in Breeches ; I vow you 'l find your honesty very troublesome . How can that be ? Why , when you have truckt away your maiden-head , you have a lawful excuse to put off Gamesters , by telling them you have not what they look for : besides the benefit of being impudent as occasion serves ; 't is a thing very necessary for a Waiting-creature , and we Pages can instruct you in it , if you will be tractable . Sure thou art wild . So wild , that if you will lead me the chase I 'le follow you . Mock-Complements , or Drolling-Complements . A Complement between a Gentleman and a Gentlewoman before a Riband-Shop in the Exchange . MAdam , y' are welcom to this Paradise of Toys : be pleas'd to chuse what you like , and I shall sacrifice to your beauty upon the Altar of this Stall , what gold you shall think fit to command from my pockets . Sir , You enrich me with your gifts ; I 'le assure you Sir ; I do as freely accept of your kindness , as you do liberally bestow them : for we Ladies of this Town , seldom have any mercy upon a Country-gentlemans pocket , when we meet with an opportunity to empty it . Madam , Your nimble eye wherewith you do espie the faults of garb and habit , emboldens me to crave your judgment concerning the cut of my Breeches , the choise of my Fancies , and the fling of my Legs . Sir , For your clothes , were not your Breeches a little too long , they were Jeer-proof against all the Ladies either in Hide-Park or Spring-Garden . You walk with such a Barbary prance and stately step , that your feet are like load-stones , drawing the eyes of all persons on you . Madam , I wish the Gods would transform me into this Fan , that I am now about to give you , that I might be always puffing into your mouth the breath of my affections ; or this piece of Ribband , that I might always hang about you in two ●assels , the one at your breast , the other at your breech . Sir , I never fancied flesh-colour knots , nor am I about to build Cities , that you should proffe● me your hide to measure the compass of the walls ; If I were your favours , Sir , merit , that I should like Dido , use something else for that work ; rather chusing you for my Aeneas , to help me to people it . A Horse Courser courting a Parsons Widow . Lady , The great affections that I bear you , and the great desire I have to be luckie in Horse-flesh , spur me on to accost you with an humble request , that I may be your Servant . Sir , Your proper person and eloquent language would accuse me of ingratitude , should my obstinacy to your reasonable demands be any hindrance to your fortunate Markets . An Apprentice and a young Lady at a Boarding-School . Lady , Seeing the painted cloth of your Vertues hang out at the window , and Fame standing at the door with a trumpet in her hand , I could not chuse , out of a natural inclination which I have to Sights and Puppet-playes , but step in to behold the monstrousness of our Beauties ; and now , Madam , having seen you , I admire you more then the Hairy-Gentlewoman . Sir , Your kindness proceeds more from your goodness then my desert ; but you must give me leave to think you complement , since you have compar'd me to a person whose incomparable qualities are as much above mine , as Pauls is above St. Gregories . Lady , If you 'l be pleas'd to take a Cheesecake , and a bottle of Beer , as the earnest of my affection , I shall think my self honour'd with waiting on you to the next Ale-house . Sir , I shall not refuse the proffer of your kindness , for the short Commons our Mistriss allows us , makes us very willing to embrace such invitations . At the Cake-house . Madam , Let me beg a kiss from you , that I may drink to you in that liquor which I most love , the Nectar of your lips . Your servant , Sir , now give me leave to pledge you in that liquor which I most love , which is a cup of bottle Ale , for I am very dry . Madam , These Cheesecakes were made to eat , I would you could feed on them with that eagerness , that I could feed on the perfections of your face ; there is in them sweetness , tenderness , and pleasantness , the emblems of your qualifications . Sir , I know not how to recompence these favours , so that I am troubled that I must be now more in your debt , before I have gratifi'd your first kindnesses ; for I must desire you to give me leave to go ●orth to make water . At Parting . Empress of my soul , God give you good night , many thanks to you for your sweet company . I must return the same acknowledgments to you again , Sir , who have this night both fill'd my heart with your Love , and my belly with good Cheesecakes . A Passado Complement between a Gentleman and a Lady , meeting in two several Coaches in the High-way going to Hide-Park . Your most humble servant , Madam , I bless the opportunity that now gives me leave to tell you how much I honour you , since you are the only Lady that ride triumphant in the Coach-box of my heart . Sir , I do not know how I have merited so great a favour , I wish it were a sufficient recompence to let you understand , that you are the only person that hold the Reins of my affection . Madam , Be pleased to honor me with your commands , and I shall diet my self like a Race-horse , that I may be swift to obey them . Sir , My commands are only , that you would accept of my love , which I bestow upon you with the same freeness that you ever gave your Mistress bottle Wine and Tarts . Oh Dear , Madam your most humble servant , drive on Coach-man . Between a Gentlemam and a Sempstress . Lady , The neat cut of your Bands which I do now and then send for by my Foot-boy , hath brought me to visit the maker of those comely ornaments of my neck . Sir , Were it not for speaing against my Trade and Profit , I would say that your good face needs no band . Then the Gentleman ●olling over the Counter thus proceds . Truly Mistress , I do not wonder that your pretty fingers do stitch up so many neat ornaments , seeing that you are that very picture of ornament it self , and doubtless your Trade must be very innocent for you deal all in white . Sir , Your good opinion doth much oblige me ; yet I entreat the favour of you to believe , that there is as much deceit in our Trade , as in any occupation about London . Lady , You may perceive by my behaviour and my garb , that I am a person wholly made up of complements , so that the greatest complement that I can give you , is my self . And as a testimony of this I should be glad to give you a treatment at the Sebastian over against Southampton-house , not daring to doubt , but that you are , as fame speaketh most of your calling , of a courteous and yielding nature . Sir , Your great estate would argue me of folly , should I deny you any thing that may obtain your custome . Between a Journeyman-Haberdasher of small Wares , and a Ladies Chamber-maid . Fair Creature , For whose sake Cupid became a Weaver ; that he might twist into thee all his mothers graces , grant me the favor to accost thy coral lip , that I may shew thee how my Master kisses my Mistress . Sir , Though our Butler hath bin teaching me something of this nature already , yet I shall be glad to take better example from your more exquisite accomplishments . Lady , I have here brought you four pair of blew Shoe-strings to signifie the knots wherewith you have tied my heart ; as also a Love-hood , to remember you of the love I bear you ; and a pair of trimm'd Gloves , that when your fingers are imprisoned in them , you may think upon the captivity into which you have brought my soul. 'T is true , I rather chose to steal then buy them , partly having the advantage of my Masters Shop , and partly knowing how much young people do delight in stoln contents . Sir , Though I that am a Chamber-maid , an exact Trimmer of Gloves , have deserved these , and greater ●avors then these ; yet if you will bring me when you come hither next Sunday a set of Lemon colour and silver Knots , I shall then think it my part to study the satisfaction of your desires ; but it must be upon good conditions . Lady of my constant affections , impose what conditions you please , the strictest of them will not be too heavy for him that desires to bear the burthen of your love . Briefly thus Sir , You must let me have young Pease by latter end of March , ripe Cherries by May-day ; in clothes none of my quality must go finer then I. 'T will be your gain , for I shall sit in the Shop and invite custom . Mistriss Prudentia , You may think I lye now , but let me never stir more if I do ; in reality I love you ; and as for these conditions , if I do not follow them , then cut my throat , and throw me into the House of office ; what can a man say more ? Well Sir , go to , I 'le tell you more next Sunday ; but be sure you remember my Knots . Between a Gentleman Usher , and a Waiting Gentlewoman . Bright pearl in Natures eye , I have made a journey from my looking-glass hither , that I may present you my exiguous devoires . Sir , Your exquisite knowledge in the service of Ladies emboldens me to desire a ●avour of your hands , that you would be pleas'd , the maids being all busie in washing , to help me to comb my head . Lady , The softness of your Hair betrays the softness of your disposition , and indeed how should it be otherwise , it having been so long sleek'd with the smoothing-iron of a mild and gentle education . Sir , As one shoulder of mutton drives down another , so the readiness wherewith you have done me one courtesie makes me to request another from you , that when my Lady is engag'd abroad in company , you would be pleas'd to carry a Complement from me to a Sweet-heart of mine , a Barber in Fleet-street ; I can assure you , that for my sake , he will give you a cast of his Office for nothing at any time . Lady , You have ript up an old sore in my heart , which hath been wounded long ago by your Beauty ; for it was now my intention to have ingrafted my self into your affection . Oh , Sir , I dare not presume upon a man that goes before my Lady ; beside , that your Periwig and the smallness of the Calf of your Leg , would cause the Hickup in my Fancy should you urge your request any further , and therefore I implore you to desist . Between a Lawyers Clerk and his Masters Daughter . Most celestial beam of Beauty , I have receiv'd you into my heart , which like a burning-glass contracting the heat of your rayes , is now all on fire , not to be quench'd but by the moistening julip of your affection . Kind Robin , I have long thought thee to be what now I find thee , a Phenix among men , which thou provest , by going about to die in thy flames : but heaven forbid , I will first make water in a bason , and give it thee wherein to bathe thy burning breast , before I will be depriv'd of thy service . How willingly Mrs. Mary , should I receive such a stream into my bosom . But , Oh your Father ; he 's the shoe that wrings us both by the foot ; methinks I hear him saying already , Out ye poor condition'd slut ; what , marry your Fathers Clerk ? Come Robin , Clerk me no Clerks , I love thee ; and if my father do compel me to marry another , yet Robin , thou knowest there are private corners in London . Mrs. Mary , I bow with all reverence to your manifold favours . But what do you think of a little horse-play in the time . Robin , I acknowledge thy civility , and shall not refuse any occasion to gratifie thy reasonable request ; for I love tumbling dearly . Between the Countrey Bumkin and his Mistriss going to a Fair. Well overtaken my dear Katie , I no sooner heard that thou wert gone to the Fair , but I came a swinging pace after thee ; for in troth Katie I love thee above all things , as a man may say , in the versal world . Alas , Katie , thy love hath gor'd me to the very heart , so that I shall be always as sick as a Horse till thou hast cur'd me with the plaister of thy love . Nay Richard , As bad as I love thee , I do not love thee so Ill , but that I 'le kiss my lips into a consumption to save thy life . Ita , say'st thou me so Kate , God a mercy for that girle , by the mass , and that word shall cost me the best fairing in the Pedlers pack . Come hold by my skirts , and let 's make all the haste we can Kate. O Dear , Richard , how you sweat ! here take my handkercher to wipe your face . But Richard , must not I wear a gold Ring like my Dame , when I am married I Kate , and a posie in it too , which shall be this , Richard and Kate shall live without hate . 'T was my own invention , and judge you now Kate , if I be not a brave blade to lead a Hen to water . Truly Richard did I not take you for a very pretty fellow , you should not be so much in my books as you are ; I know more then one or two that would kiss my back side to have half those favours from me that you have received . Heaven bless us , how the Fair 's crouded already . In the Fair. Come Kate , follow close , unhook my dublet , take fast hold on my Wasteband , shoulders make room for your Mistriss . Thom , dost do , Thom Kate where are ye , what do ye like at that Stall . Oh Richard , I le tell thee what thou shalt give me ; A silver Bodkin to scratch my head at Church withal , and a silver Thimble to make thy Wedding Shirt . What thou wilt Kate , my fobb buttons and unbuttons at thy command . Uds boars Kate , why dost think I won't please my Sweet-heart , Yes faith , and ●l'e give thee a Bottle of white Wine and Sugar too at the George , before we go home . At the Inn. Come Kate , give me thy Suger-candy first . Here 's to thee with heart and good will. And now caperDick for joy ; Katie's thine , Katie's thine , boy . I have purchased her with a silver Bodkin , and a Thimble , and she 's now my Tenant in Tail : come Girle , give me thy hand once more , and strike me good luck . Here Richard , here 's to thee . I 'le warrant thee a merry grigg how ere the world go . Come say away Girle ; Hey down a down a derry down , Hey down a down a derry do ? My Love she is as brown as a Nut , My Love 's a very pretty little Slut ; She hath a dimple in her chin , And I am he that did her win . Nay 't is true Kate , and I 'le lay our pie-bald Mare against any Horse in the Town , that thou hast as pretty a smelling brow as any Lass in the Countrey . Ay , but Richard will you think so hereafter ? Will you not when you have me throw stools at my head ; and cry , Would my eyes had been beat out of my head with a cricket-ball , the day before I saw thee . Kate , My Infections are greater toward thee yn so . But if I should chance to call louder then ordinary , why , 't is but saying hold your tongue Dick , here 's piece of bag-budding for you : I and my mouth is stopt presently . Richard , thou dost well to tell me some of thy humors ; But art thou not terrible mad when th' art drunk , and quarrelsome withall ? No Kate , as quiet as any Lambkin : All that I shall do is onely this , that when I come home , I may snore an hour or two perhaps with my head in thy lap ; then I start up and cry , Hoh Kate , what 's a clock ? and so go to bed . Well Richard , my left eye itches , which puts me in mind of going home , for I 'm afraid my Dame will thrash my bones for staying so long . Between the Coach-man and the Kitehin-maid . Fair Goddess of the pottage pot , how done you do tzip morning ? In truth George , I find my self very hot . Oh , I am glad that you begin to feel the heat which you make me suffer . Why , what hurt have I done you ? have I scratch'd you , or prickt you with any of my loose pins , or have I trod upon your corns ? Truly Bess , you are in the right on 't , for the nails of your allurements have scratch'd my mind , the pins of your features have prick'd me ; and the foot of your disdain hath trod upon the toes of my perseverance ; and besides all this , you have struck me to the heart . With what good George . With the miracles of your beauty . Alas that cannot be , for I am blacker then the Crock in the Chimney . Truly Bess , if thou art a Chimney Crock , thou oughtest not to be us'd in any place , but in the Chimneys of the Gods , where there is no fire made but that of Love. Oh that I were some Celestial Kettle that I might hang always over thee , that I might be never separated from thee ! George , You will never leave your jeers , but 't is no matter , I have a back broad enough to bear 'em . Truly Bess , I speak nothing but the truth ; measure me according to the greatness of my affections , not by the smallness of my deserts ; and though I am but a poor Coach-man , scorn me not , for I can tell you of Goddesses themselves , that have affected mortal men , perhaps meaner then my self . The Picture of the Poets Mistress . Gentleman , step in and see the begining ; here is a Lady worth your seeing , She was born like Minerva , for she hath been breeding like mites in old cheese , in the heads of several Poets for this thousand years . Who have at length produc'd her to out-miracle the Hairy Gentlewoman ; being quite contrary to her , for hair she hath none , her head being cover'd with an Aurora colour'd silk , which hangs dis-shevel'd about her shoulders ; instead of curls it is ty'd in nooses , such as they catch Jacks withall , with which she recreates her self in fishing for Gudgeons . Her fore-head is a Tower planted all about with Cupids artillery ; The whole structure of her head resembles a stately Palace ; Her nose is the Throne where Jupiter himself sits under the Arches of her brows , which are not brows but two rainbows , to signifie the warry temper of their eyes ; Instead of her eyes she hath two burning Torches in each hole , and here by the way , the Poets tell a story , how that Cupid about a hundred years ago sing'd his wings in the flames thereof , and falling into one of the corners , was almost drown'd in the Rhume ; Her lips are two Altars of red Coral , continually reeking with the incense that comes from her mouth ; Her teeth are not made of bone like those of other Women , but of the tears of true lovers congealed into pearl ; Her Neck is nothing but a cloud , out of which you may see a Sun break ●orth to enlighten the two Orbs of her breast ; though indeed they are not so properly to be termed Orbs , as Mountains , resembling the two hillocks that are upon Mount Parnassus ; these overlook her belly , which is not a belly , but rather a plain , large and smooth , like that near Salisbury . Further I might go , but the Painter being not willing to draw more , makes me as abruptly to break off with my Pen , as he did with his Pencil . Many Books have been written of sundry , and several Arts and Sciences , so that even the scabby invention of Short-hand hath not wanted Printed Instructions for the attaining thereof . Yet strange it is to tell , that there never was yet any Book published concerning the Art of Ushering Ladies ; doubtless it would have sold well , and might aptly have been called , The Gentleman Usher in Print . Therefore that this generation of Men may no longer live like Jews , depending wholly upon Tradition ; it was thought requisite to set them down some few Precepts , not doubting but that some or other of them , in their lazie hours , may build greater works upon this small Foundation . The Choice of a Gentleman Usher . He ought to be indifferently tall , that is , being measured with a Carpenters Rule , seven foot , three inches , and a quarter . He ought to have haunted Dancing Scools with more zeal then the old Women have that go to St. A●●li●s ; He ought diligently to have studied over Melchi● Swashbucklerus , de holdendo ha●●um in hando , and Cussius Candus of the Ornaments of Nations ; he ought to be a diligent Observer of Fashions , and an espyer of faults in the garb and house keeping of other Ladies , that he may be able to furnish his own Lady now and then with discourse . Lastly , he must have a good head of hair , and handsom feet without corns . How he must be fitted for Service . Having been bespoken , and received earnest , he must desire a weeks time to fit himself for her Ladiships service . The first two days he must walk in iron Boots , and an iron Breast and Back-piece , such as children wear that have the rickets , to bring his body into an upright and perfect posture . After that he must drink Scurvygrass-Ale to reform his complexion . He must then furnish himself with all the Books of Complementing , and be sure to get enough to enable him to shew his wit the first night before the Waiting Gentlewoman at the Stewards Table . His motion must be with such a Clock-work formality , as if he were only made to strike the Quarter-Bell upon Bow-Steeple . This must be practised every morning in his Looking-glass , and he must not suffer himself to eat until he find he hath profited something . His Behaviour in the House . He must be affable to his fellow-servants , especially the Waiting-Gentlewoman and the Cook ; to the one for his breakfast , to the other for a kiss or two now and then , and that she may speak well of him to her Lady ; when he goes before his Lady he must walk as circumspectly as a Milk-maid with a pail upon her head , crying ever and anon , by your leave Gentlemen . He ought in company to value himself according to the degree of his Lady , wherein he must have a care not to lose the least atome of her dignity . His pockets must not be greasie , because he may have occasion to carry his Ladies Hoods and Scarfs in them . He ought not to cast any affection upon his Masters daughter , for the Butler having more wit then himself , made sure of her before he could make his approaches . His Dressings . He must not be long in dressing himself , because of walking the Rounds of his morning Visits . The heels of his Shoes ought to be long and very slender , that he may tread with the more grace , and make the less noise . His clothes ought to be put on with so much accurateness , as if he were to dress himself every day for his life , or if the world would perish , were there a wrinkle in his Band ; white Gloves he must not want , for they like white staves in other employments , are the badges of his preferment . In his Hair he must be as nice as the ancient Greeks , and good reason that he should make much of it while he hath it , it being uncertain how long a man in his place may keep it . The Diseases incident to Gentlemen Ushers , and their Cures . The first is , when his hair doth utterly abandon his head , leaving his ears open to all reproaches , finding the wages of their nourishment as small as the recompence of his service . The Cure of this , is by way of humble Petition to the Gentlewoman , to afford him her Combings , and some few spare Locks , to hide the nakedness which she laid bare . The other is the dwindling away of the calves of his legs ; This happens from his being overtoyl'd ; for being to divide himself between the Lady and her Woman , they never leave sucking him , till they have made him so transparent that you may see his very thoughts . For the cure of this disease , he must go to the Hosier instead of the Apothecary . If the Gentlewoman will take the pains to nurse him , his body may perhaps return again to his soul , otherwise he dies like a Silk-worm , having spun out himself to pleasure others . To his Mistriss . O Thou the dear inflamer of my eyes , Life of my soul , and hearts eternal prize ! How delectable is thy love , how pure , How apt to vanish , able to allure A frozen soul ; and with thy sacred fires , To affect dull spirits with extream desires . How do thy joys , though in their greatest dearth , Transcend the proudest pleasures of the earth ? Thou art a perfect Symetry , a rare Connexion Of many perfects , to make one perfection Of Heavenly Musick ; where all parts do meet , In one sweet strain to make one perfect sweet : Glorious Extraction , where each several feature Divine compriz'd , to so Divine a Creature ; Give me thy heart , and for that gift of thine , Lest thou shouldst rent a heart , I 'le give thee mine . Song . MIstake me not , I am as cold as hot ; For though mine eyes betrays thy heart o're night , Ere morn , ere morn , ere morning all is right . Sometimes I burn , And then do I return ; There 's nothing so unconstant as my mind : I change , I change , I change even as the wind . Perhaps in jest I said , I lov'd thee best ; But 't was no more , then what was long before I vow'd , I vow'd , I vow'd to twenty more . Then prithee see , I give no heart to thee , For when I ne're could keep my own one day , What hope , what hope , what hope hadst thou to stay . Plurality in Love. HE whose active thoughts disdain to be captive to one foe , And would break his single chain , or else more would undergo ; Let him learn the art of me By new bondage to be free . What tyrannick Mistriss dare , to one Beauty , Love confine ? Who unbounded as the air , all may court , but none decline ; Why should we the Heart deny As many Objects as the Eye ? Wheresoe're I turn or move , a new Passion doth detain me ; Those kind Beauties that do love , or those proud ones that disdain me : This frown melts , and that frown burns me , This to tears , that to ashes turns me . Soft fresh Virgins not full blown , with their youthful sweetness take me ; Sober Matrons that have known long since what these prove , awake me : Here staid Coldness I admire , There the lively active Fire . She that doth by skill dispence every favour she bestows , Or the harmless innocence , which nor Court nor City knows ; Both alike my Soul enflame , That wild Beauty and this tame . She that wisely can adorn nature , with the wealth of arts ; Or whose rural sweets do scorn borrow'd helps to take a heart : The vain care of that 's my pleasure , Poverty of this my treasure . Both the Wanton and the Coy , me with equal pleasures move ; She whom I by force enjoy , Or who forceth me to love : This because she 'l not confess , That not hide her happiness . She whose loosely flowing hair , scatter'd like the beams o th' morn ; Playing with the sportive air , hides the sweets it doth adorn : Captive in that net restrains me , In those golden-fetters chains me . Nor doth she with powers less bright , my divided heart invade ; Whose soft tresses spread like night , o're her shoulders a black shade : For the star-light of her eyes , Brighter shines through those dark skies . Black , or fair , or tall , or low , I alike with all can sport ; The bold sprightly Thais woe , or the frozen Vestal Court : Every Beauty takes my mind , Ty'd to all , to none confin'd . A description of his Mistriss . SO looks the Virgin Rose , which cherish'd by the genial truth ; Her crimson Beauties doth disclose , as doth the ruby portals of her mouth . Which when she doth unfold , Two bright transparent rows Of pearl ye may behold ; From between which a breath of Amber flows . A more then Tyrean purple doth o'respread Her lips , which softer are Then the Swans down , and smoother far : The costly juice that dwells In Oriental shells , To them looks pale , they are so purely red . Fair Cheeks that look like blushing roses plac't In purest Ivory , Or Coral , within snow enchas'd ; The Glories of the Spring Grow pale , and languishing For envy , so out-shin'd by them to be . Sweetly triumphing Eyes , That in two Crystal prisons do contain , Death in affrown's disguise , How gladly would I die to be by those eyes slain . Delightful cruelty Of those all charming Eyes , That have on one design'd to try With what a pleasing empire they can tyrannize . The Melancholy Lover . HIther I come delightful groves To spend my sighs , and make my moan , To whose still shades it best behoves To make my plaints and sorrows known , And these gentle trees invite , To pity my disconsolate plight . 'T is rigorous love that doth torment This disturbed heart of mine ; But of a Creature so Divine , That I ought not to repent To have loved , though unlov'd again , The sole author of my pain . Is bright Sylvia gentle bowrs , To your gloomy walks unknown ? Who loves to spend the harmless hours Among silent groves alone ; Hnd can with her presence bright To the darkest shades give light . Sylvia hath about her charms Nations able to subdue ; And can conquer with those arms More then mightiest Kings can do : But I that am her chiefest aim , Am destin'd to the greatest flame . I die Sylvia , when I behold Those eyes that set on fire my heart ; Yet I ( for love is uncontroll'd ) Greedy , and fond of my own smart : And captive to my misery , Love to behold those Stars , and die . To his Mistriss falsly accusing him . WRong me no more In thy complaint , Blam'd for inconstancy : I vow'd to adore The fairest Saint , Not chang'd while thou wer't she ; But if another thee out-shine Th' inconstancy is only thine . To be by such Blind Fools admir'd , Gives thee but small esteem ; By whom as much thou 'dst be desir'd ; Did'st thou less beautious seem ; Sure why they love they know not well , Who why they should not , cannot tell . Women are by themselves betray'd , And to their short joys cruel ? Who foolishly themselves perswade , Flames can outlast their fuel . None ( though Platonick their pretence ) With reason love unless by sense . And he by whose command to thee , I did my heart resign ; now bids me chuse a Deity Diviner far then thine , No power from love can beauty sever , I 'me still loves subject , thine was never . The fairest she whom none surpass , To love hath only right : and such to me thy beauty was till one I found more bright : But were as impious to adore thee now , as not t' have don 't before . Nor is it just by Rules of Love , Thou shouldst denv to quit a heart that must anothers prove even in thy right to it ; Must not thy subjects captives be To her who triumphs over thee ? Cease then in vain to blot my name With forg'd Apostacy ; thine is that stain , who dar'st to claim what others ask of thee : Of Lovers they are only true Who pay their hearts where they are due . To his false Mistriss . CElio remains disconsolate , forsaken of his cruel Lover ; Who not asham'd to violate Her faith , doth for her false heart discover . Oft do I her hard heart bemoan , Inveigh on her unconstant mind , Oft blame my self for doting on a thing more fickle then the wind . Sometimes unhappy men he deem'd , her absence might have quench'd his flame : But now more and fair then e're she seem'd , his flames increase through her disdain ; Now nought is left me but dispair , My adverse ●ate brought me to see Things distant most admired are , enjoyment breeds satiety . I go to see the fair unkind , whom her new Lovers arms immure ; Me she vouchsas'd not once to mind in her inconstancy secure . Was 't not enough , Phillis said I , that thy deceitful charming wiles Should cheat my ●ond credulity , that thou seekst others to beguile . If amidst these thy new delights Thou hapst no time to think on me , Think how awakn'd conscience frights ; Think Phillis on thy perjury . Longer to grieve I see 't is vain , Longer my troubled thoughts to vex ; Phillis triumph in her disdain , Phillis the falsest of her sex . Resolution to Love. I Wonder what the Grave and Wise Think of all us that love ; Whether our pretty fooleries Their mirth or anger move : They understand not breath that words do want , Our sighs to them are unsignificant . One of them saw me t'other day Touch thy dear hand , which I admire ; My soul was melting straight away , And dropt before the fire : This silly Wiseman , who pretends to know , Ask'd why I look'd so pale and trembled to . Another from my Mistriss dore Saw me with watry eyes to come ; Nor could the hidden cause explore , But thought some smoak was in the room : Such ignorance from unwounded learning came , He knew tears made by smoak , but not by flame . If learn'd in other things you be , And have in Love no skill ; For God sake keep your arts from me For I 'le be ignorant still : Study or actions others may embrace , My Love 's my business , and my Book 's her face . These are but trifles I confess , Which me weak mortal move ; Nor is your busie seriousness Less trifling then my love : The wisest King , who from his sacred brest Pronounc'd all vanity , chose it for the best . Tyranny in Love. BLind Cupid lay thy Bow aside , Thou dost know its use ; For Love thy Tyranny doth shew , Thy kindness is abuse . Thou who wer't call'd a Pretty Boy , Art thought a Skeleton : For thou like death dost still destroy , When thou dost strike at one . Each vulgar hand can do as much ; Then Heavenly skill we see When we behold two Arrows touch Two marks that distant be . Love always looks for joy agen , If e're thou woundst mans heart , Pierce by the way his Rib ; and then He 'l kiss , not curse thy dart . Against Love. NOw fie on love it ill befits , Or Man or Woman know it ; Love was not meant for people in their wits , And they that fondly shew it Betray their too much feather'd brains , And shall have Bedlam only for their pains . To Love is to distract my sleep . And waking , to wear fetters ; To Love is but to go to School to weep : I 'le leave it for my betters : If single love be such a curse , To marrie is to make it ten times worse . The Maiden-head . THou worst estate even of the sex that 's worst , Therefore by nature made at first T' attend the weakness of our birth ; Slight outward Curtain to the nuptial Bed , Thou cause to buildings not yet finished : Who like the Center of the Earth Dost heaviest things attract to thee , Though thou a point imaginary be . A thing God thought for mankind so unfit , That his first blessing mind it ; Cold frozen nurse of fiercest fires , Who like the parched plains of Africk sand , ( A sterel and a wild unlovely Land ) Art always scor●ht with hot desires , Yet barren quite didst thou not bring Monsters and Serpents sorth thy self to sting . Thou that bewitchest men , while thou dost dwell Like a close Conju●er in his Cell ; And fear'st the days discovering eye No wonder 't is at all that thou shouldst be Such tedious and unpleasant company , Who liv'st so melancholily ; Thou thing of subtil slippery kind , Which Women lose and yet no man can find . Although I think thou never found wilt be , Yet I 'me resolv'd to search for thee , To search it self rewards the pains ; So though the Chymick his great secret miss ; ( For neither it in art nor nature is ) yet things well worth his toil he gans , and doth his charge and labour pay , With good unsought experiments by the way . Say what thou wilt , chastity is no more to thee , then a Porter to the dore ; in vain to honour they pretend , Who guard themselves with Ramparts and with Walls ; Them only ●ame the truly valiant calls , who can an open breach defend : of thy quick loss can be no doubt , Within so hated , and so lov'd without . A Fond Design . IN vain fair C●●is you design To be cruel , to be kind ; For we know with all yours arts , You never hold but willing hearts : Men are too wise grown to expire , With broken staves and painted fire . 2. And if among a thousand Swains . Some one of Love or Fate complains ; And all the Stars in Heav'n defie , With Clora's lips , or Celia's eye : 'T is not their Love , the youth would chuse But the glory to refuse . 3. Then wisely make your price of those , Want wit or courage to oppose ; But tempt not me that can discover What will redeem the fondest Lover : And fly the least , lest it appear , Your power is measur'd by our fear . 4. So the rude wave securely shocks The yielding Bark , but the stiff Rocks If it attempt , how soon in vain , Broke and dissolv'd it fills the main ; It foams and roars , but we deride , Alike its weakness and its pride . On his Mistress Singing . I Have been in Heav'n I think , For I heard an Angel sing Notes , my thirsty ears did drink ; Never any earthly thing Sung so true , so sweet , so clear , I was then in Heav'n not here . 2. But the blessed feel no change , So I may mislike the place , But mine eyes would think it strange Should it be no Angels face ; Powers above it seems design Me still mortal , her Divine . 3. Till I tread the Milky way , And I lose my senses quite ; All I wish is that I may Hear that voice , and see that sight : Then in types and outward show , I shall have a Heav'n below . Parting . But that I knew before we met , the hour would come that we must part ; and so had fortify'd my heart , I hardly could escape the net , My passions for my reason set . But why should reason hope to win a victory , that 's so unkind , and so unwelcome to my mind ? To yield is neither shame nor sin , Besieg'd without , betray'd within . And though that night be ne're so long , in it they either sleep or wake ; and either way enjoyments take In dreams or visions , which belong , Those to the old , these to the young . But friends ne're part to speak aright . for whose but going is not gone ; Friends like the Sun must still move on , And when they seem most out of sight , Their absence makes at most but night . I 'me old when going , gone 't is night , my parting then shall be a dream , and last tell the auspicious beam Of our next meeting gives new light ; And the best vision that 's your sight . Not to be Alter'd . CAn so much beauty over a mind ; o'resway'd by Tyranny , As new afflicting ways to find a doubtless faith to try ; And all examples to out-do , To scorn , and make me jealous too . Alas , she knows my fires are too too great ! and though she be stone-ice to me , Her thaw to others cannot quench my heat . 2. That Law that with such force o're ran the armies of my heart ; When not one thought I could out-man , that durst once take my part : For by assault she did invade , No composition to be made ; Then since that all must yield as well as I , to stand in aw of Victors Law , There 's no prescribing in captivity . 3. That love , which loves for common ends , is but self loving love ; But nobler conversation tends soul mysteries to prove : And since love is a passive thing , It multiplies by suffering , Then though she throw life to the waining Moon On him her shine The dark part mine , Yet I must love her still when all is done . Loves Martyr . HOw long shall I a Martyr be , To love and Womans cruelty ? Or why doth sullen ●ate consine My heart to thee , that is not mine ? Had I ev'r lov'd as others do , But only for an hour or two ; Then there had store of reason been , Why I should suffer for my sin . But Love thou know'st with what a flame , I have ador'd my Mistress name ; How I ne're offer'd other fires , But such as rose from chaste desires , Nor have I e're profan'd thy shine With an inconstant fickle mind ; Yet you combining with my ●ate Hast forc'd my Love , and her to hate . O Love , if her supremacy , Have not a greater power then thee ; For pitties sake then once be kind , And throw a Dart to change her mind : Thy Deity we shall suspect , If our reward must be neglect : Then make her love , or let me be Inspir'd with scorn , and well as she . Protestation of Love. DEar soul , who hath encaptiv'd so my heart ; Vouchsafe to bear these lines which I impart ; I dare not bless my self to call thee mine , Yet I , if I am any thing , am thine . The Poles shall move to teach me e're I start , And when I change my Love , I le change my heart ; Nay , if I wax but cold in my desire , Think Heaven hath motion left , and heat the fire , Much more I could , but many words have made , That oft suspected , which men would perswade ; Take therefore all in this , I love so true , That I will never love none else but you . The Golden Age. WHen from each Thought a seed did spring , And every Look a plant did bring , And every Breath a flower ; The Earth unplough'd did yield her crop , And honey from the Oak did drop , The Fountains did run milk : The Thistle did the Lilly bear , And every Bramble Roses wear , And every Worm made Silk . The very Shrub did Balsom sweat , And Nectar melt the Rock with heat , And Earth did drink her fill : Then she no hurtful weed did know , Nor barren Fern , nor Mandrake low , Nor Mineral to kill . The Male and Female us'd to join , And into all delight did coin , That pure simplicity : Then Feature did to Form advance , And Youth call'd Beauty forth to dance , And every Grace was by . It was a time of no distrust , So much of Love had nought of Lust , None fear'd a jealous eye . The Language melted in the ear , Yet all without a blush might hear ; They liv'd with open vow . Each touch and kiss was so well plac't , They were as sweet as they were chaste . FRom the fair Lavanion shore , I your Markets come to store ; Muse not at me that so far dwell , And hither bring my Wares to sell. Such is the sacred hunger of gold , Then come to my pack where I cry , What do you lack , what do you buy ? For here it is to be sold. You , whose birth and breeding base , Are rank'd into a noble race ; And whose Parents heretofore , Neither Arms nor Scutchons bore : Such is the sacred hunger of gold , Then come to my pack , where I cry , What do you lack , what do you buy ? For here is Honors to be sold. Madam , for your wrinkled face , Here 's complection it to grace ; Which , if your earnest be but small , It takes away the vertue all : But if your palms be well anointed with gold , Then shall you seem like a Queen of fifteen , Though you be threescore years old . On the perfections of his Mistress . HER lo●ks are streams of liquid amber , Curtains fit for beauties chamber ; Of which slender golden sleave , Love his wanton nets did weave . Her forehead , that is beauties sphere . A thousand graces moving there . Venus triumpheth on her brow , That comely arch of silver snow . The Savages that worship the Sun-rise , Would hate their god , if they beheld her eyes ; All heavenly beauties joyn themselves in one , To shew their glory in her eye alone : Which when it turneth it's celestial ball , A thousand sweet Stars rise , a thousand fall . Her nose is beauties splendid port , Where Zephyrus delights to sport . Her breath is such , whose native smell All Indian odours doth excell ; If all the pleasures were distill'd Of every Flower in every Field , And all that Hybla's hives do yield , Were into one broad mazer fill'd If thereto added all the Gums And Spice that from Panchaia comes ; The Odours that Hydaspes lends , And Phoenix proves before she ends ; If all the Air that Flora drew , Or Spirit that Zephyrus ever blew Were put therein , and all the Dew That ever rosie morning knew ; Yet all diffus'd could not compare With her breath , delicious air . The melting rubies on her lip , Are of such power to hold , as on one day Cupid flew thirsty by , and stoopt to sip , And fasten there , could never get away . Have you seen Carnation grow , Fresh blushing through new flakes of snow ? Have you seen with more delight , A red Rose growing through a white ? Have you seen the pretty gleam That the Strawberry leaves in cream ? Or morning blushes when day breaks ? Such is the tincture of her cheeks . Her silver neck is whiter far Then Towers of polisht Ivory are , And now behold her double brest , Of Venus Babe the wanton nest , Like Pommels round of marble clear , Where azure veins well mix'd appear ; With dearest top of porphiry , Betwixt which two a way doth lie ; A way more worthy beauties fame Then that which bears the Milky name ; That leads unto the joyous field , Which doth unspotted Lillies yield ; But Lillies such , whose native smell , All Indian Odours doth excell . Her hands would make a Tyger meek , So soft , so delicate , and sleek ; That we from hence might justly prove , Nature wore Lillies for a Glove . Where whiteness doth for ever sit , Nature her self enameld it , Wherewith a strange compact doth lie , Warm snow , moist pearl , sost ivory . There fall those Saphir colour'd brooks , Which conduit-like with curious crooks , Sweet Ilands make in that sweet Land ; As for the fingers of that hand , ( The bloody shafts of Cupids war ) With Amethyst they headed are . Her Chastity . HEr cool thoughts feel no hot desires , Serving not Venus flames , but Vesta's fires : In wanton dalliance such , as untill death , Never sinelt any but her Husbands breath . Jupiter would court her , did he know a shape Would tempt her chastity , unto a Rape ; Who when her lawful sports she doth begin , Still blushing , thinketh her own kisses sin . On her Beauty . WHen that my Mistress looks my sight doth grace , She seems to sway an Empire in her face ; Nature her self , did her own self admire , As oft as she were pleased to attire Her in her native lustre , and confess , Her dressing was her chiefest comliness : Where every limb takes like a face , Built with that comely and majestick grace ; One accent , from whose lips the blood more warms Then all Medea's exorcisms and charms . He that since Nature her great work began , She made to be the mirror of a man : That when she meant to form some matchless limb , Still for a pattern took some part from him ; And jealous of her coming , brake the mould . In his proportion , done the best she could , If she discourse , her lip such accents breaks , As love turn'd air , breaths from him as he speaks . She maketh Jove invent a new disguise , Inspite of Juno's watchful jealousie : Whos 's every part doth also reinvite The coldest most decayed appetite : And shall be Nurse , as mighty Juno swears , To the next bright hair'd Cupid that she bears . On a fair and richly attir'd Lady at a Mask . IN one Heav'n many Stars , but never yet In one Star many Heav'ns , till now , were met ; Her Orient cheeks and lips exceeded his , That leapt into the water for a kiss Of his own shadow ; and despising many , Dy'd ere he could enjoy the love of any . Had wild Hippolitus this beauty seen , Pierc'd with his Darts , he had enamour'd been . The wealth she wore about her , seem'd to hide Not to adorn her native beauties pride . Though there bright pearls from Erythrean Shore , With silver Ganges , and Hydaspes store ; And chearful Emralds , gather'd from the green Arabian Rocks , were in full splendor seen ; Pale Onyx , Jaspers of a various dye , And Diamonds darkned by her brighter eye ; The Saphirs blew , by her more azure-veins , Hung not to boast , but to confess their stains ; The blushing Rubies seem'd to lose their dye , When her more ruby lips were moving by ; It seem'd so well became her all she wore , She had not robb'd at all the creatures store : But had been Natures self there to have show'd What she on creatures could or had bestow'd . And Jupiter would revel in her bower , Were he to spend another golden shower . Song . CElia , thy sweet Angels face May be call'd a heavenly place ; The whiteness of the starry way , Nature did on thy forehead lay ? But thine eyes have brightness won , Not from the Stars but from the Sun. The blushing of the morn , In thy Rosie cheeks is worn ; The Musick of the Heav'nly Spheres , In thy soul winning voice appears : Happy were I , had I like Atlas , grace So fair a Heav'n with mine arms to embrace . The Queen of Fairies . COme follow , follow me , You Fairy Elves that be ; Which Circle on the Green , Come follow me your Queen : Hand in hand , let 's dance a round , For this place is Fairy ground . When Mortals are at rest , And snorting in their nest ; Unheard and unespy'd Through Key-holes we do glide : Over Tables , Stools and Shelves , We trip it with our Fairy Elves . And if the House be foul , Or Platter , Dish , or Bowl ; Up stairs we nimbly creep , And find the sluts asleep : There we pinch their arms and thighs None escapes nor none espies . But if the house be swept , And from uncleanness kept ; We praise the Houshold-maid : And surely she is paid : For we do use before we go , To drop a Tester in her Shoe. Upon a Mushrom's head , Our table we do spread ; A Corn of Rie , or Wheat , Is Manchet which we eat : Pearly drops of dew we drink , In Acorn Cups fill'd to the brink . The brains of Nightingales , The unctious dew of Snailes , Between two Nut-shels stew'd , Is meat that 's easily chew'd ; And the beards of little Mice Do make a feast of wondrous price . On tops of dewie grass , So nimbly do we pass , The young and tender stalk , Ne're bends when we do walk : Yet in the morning may be seen , Where we the night before have been . The Grashopper and Flie , Serve for our minstrelsie ; Grace said , we dance a while , And so the time beguile : And when the Moon doth hide her head , The Gloe-worm lights us home to bed . Cupid Contemn'd . CUpid thou art a sluggish Boy , and dost neglect thy calling ; Thy Bow and Arrows are a toy thy monarchy is falling . Unless thou dost recall thy self , and take thy tools about thee ; Thou wilt be scorn'd by every Elf , and all the world will flout thee . Rouze up thy spirit like a God , and play the Archer finely ; Let none escape thy Shaft or Rod , 'gainst thee have spoke unkindly . So may'st thou chance to plague that heart , That cruelly hath made me smart . Bootless Complaint . THough bootless I must needs complain , my faults are so extream : I loved and was belov'd again , yet all was but a dream , For as that love was quickly got , so was it quickly gone ; I 'le love no more a flame so hot , I 'le rather let 't alone . The Departure . WE must not love as others do , With sighs and tears as we were two ; Though with this outward form we part , We find each other in our heart . What search hath found a being , where I am not , if that thou be there ? True love hath wings , and will assoon , Survey the World , as Sun or Moon ; And every where our triumph keep : Our absence which makes others weep , Shews it thereby a power is given To love on Earth , as they in Heaven . To a Lady in Prison . LOok out bright eyes , and clear the air , even in shadows you are fair ; Caged beauty is like fire , that breakes out clearer still , and higher : Though the body be confin'd , and soft Love a prisoner bound ; Yet the beauty of your mind , neither check nor chain hath found . Look out nobly then , and dare Even the fetters that you wear . To Sorrow . Sorrow why dost thou seek to tempt my quiet soul , to misery and wo ; My constant thoughts from thine assaults exempt Inur'd to fortunes crosses long ago : Go seek out some who doth affect thy pain , If none thou find'st , return to me again . When elder years witness my race as run , and hoary locks my hollow temples fill ; When I shall sit and say , the world is done ; sorrow return , and satisfie thy will : Till then , go seek out some who affects thy pain , If none thou find'st , return to me again . Constancy resolved . COme constant hearts that so prevail , That every passion puts in bail ; My innocence shall dare as far , To bid the Tyrant open war : If warm'd with pride he kindle fires , We 'l drown them in our chaste desires , If he assail with Dart and Bow , We 'l hide them in the hills of snow : So shall his heart plagu'd , mourn , and die , While we smile at his memory ; And keep our hearts , our eyes , and ears , Free from vain sighs , sad groans , and tears . Lose no time . LOse no time , nor youth , but be Kind to men , as they to thee ; The fair Lillies that now grow In thy cheeks , and purely show : The Cherry and the Rose that blow , If too long they hand and waste , Winter comes that all will blast : Thou art ripe , full ripe for Men , In thy sweets be gather'd then . Song . NOt Roses couch'd within a lilly bed , are those commixtures that depaint thy face ; Nor yet the white that silver Hyems head , mix'd with the dewy mornings purple grace : but thou , whose face my senses captive led , Whom I erst fondly deem'd of heav●nly race ; Hast from my guiltless blood which thou hast shed , And envious paleness , got thy white and red . Song . REad in the Roses the sad story , Of my hard fate , and your own glory ; In the white you may discover The paleness of a fainting Lover : In the red , the flames still feeding On my heart , with fresh wounds bleeding . The white will tell you how I languish , And the red express my anguish ; The frown that on your brows recided , Have the Roses thus divided : O let your smiles but clear the weather , And then they both shall grow together . Dying to Live. YOung Thirsis laid in Phillis lap , and gazing on her eye ; Tyought life too mean for such good hap , and fain the Lad would die . When Phillis who the force did prove of Love , as well as he , Cry'd to him , Stay a while my Love , and I will die with thee . So did these happy Lovers die , but with so little pain , That both to life immediately return'd , to die again . Who his Mistress is . WIll you know my Mistress face ? 't is a Garden full of Roses When the Spring in every place : white and blushing red discloses ; 'T is a Paradise , where all That attempt the fruit , must fall . Will you know her forehead fair , 't is heavenly living Sphere ; Under which the veins like air , all Celestial blew appear : But those burning Suns , her Eyes , He that dares live under , dies . Will you know her body now , 't is a tall ship under sail ; From the rudder to the prow , nothing but Imperial : But that foolish man that stears , Fills his Compass by his fears . Shall I now her mind declare , 't is a body arm'd for war ; Marching in proportion fair : till the Lover hopes too far : Then her eyes give fire , and all Within level , helpless fall , In praise of Fools . FOols they are the only nation , Worth mens envy , or admiration Free from love and sorrow taking , Themselves and others merry making . O , who would not be ! He , He , He. All they speak or do , is sterling , your Fool he is your great mans darling ; And your Ladies sport and pleasure , tongue and babble are his treasure . Even his face begetth laughter , and he speaks truth free from slaughter ; He 's the grace of every feast , And sometimes is the chiefest guest ; Hath his Trencher and his Stool ; When Wit waits upon the Fool. O! who would not be ? Hee , Hee , Hee . The Impolitick Beauty . CLoris I wish , that envy were As just , as pity doth appear Unto thy state ; whereby I might Rob others , to give thee more delight : But your too free , though lovely charms , In others glory breeds your harms . But since you so admit , So many rivals to your wit ; Unthriftily you throw away The pleasures of your beauties sway . Which loosely scatter'd so on many , Securely fastens not on any . And then your beauty doth discover , Many that gaze , but ne're a Lover ; And your so greedy hands destroy , What you would your self enjoy . So Princes by Ambition thirsty grown , In chase of many Kingdoms , lose their own . YOU must suppose it to be Easter Holy-days : for now Sisly and Dol , Kate and Peggie , Moll and Nan are marching to Westminster , with a Lease of Apprentices before them ; who go rowing themselves along with their 〈…〉 t Arms to make more haste , and now and then with a gre 〈…〉 ●uckender wipe away the dripping that bastes their 〈◊〉 . At the door they meet a croud of Wappin● Sea - 〈…〉 Southwark Broom-men , the Inhabitants of the Bank-side , and 〈…〉 utcher or two prickt in among them ; there a while they 〈…〉 nd gaping for the Master of the Shew , staring upon the Sub 〈…〉 s of their delight , just as they view the painted Cloth before they go in to the Puppet-play : by and by they hear the Keys , which rejoyces their hearts like the sound of the Pancake-bell ; for now the Man of comfort peeps over the spikes , and beholding such a learned auditory , opens the Gates of Paradise , and by that time they are half got into the first Chappel ( for time is then very precious ) he lifts up his voice among the Tombs , and begins his lurry in manner and form following : HEre lies Will. de Valence , a right good Earl of Pembroke ; And this is his monument which you see , I 'le swear upon a Book : He was High Marshal of England , when Harry the Third did raign : But this you may take upon my word , that he 'l ne're be so again . Here the Lord Edward Talbot lies , the Town of Shrewsbury's Earle , Together with his Countess fair , that was a delicate Girle . The next to him there lieth one Sir Richard Peckshall , hight ; Of whom we always first do say , he was a Hampshire Knight . And now to tell the more of him , there lies under this stone His two Wives , and his Daughters four , of whom I knew not one . Sir Bernard Brockhurst there doth ●le , Lord Chamberlain to Queen An● : Queen Ann was Richard the Second's Queen , and he was King of Englan . Sir Francis Hollis , the Lady Frances , the same was Suffolks Dutchess , Two children of Edward the Third lie here in Deaths cold clutches . This is King Edward the Third's brother , of whom our Records tell Nothing of note , nor say they whether , he be in Heaven or Hell. This same was John of Eldeston ; he was no Costermonger , But Cornwals Earl. And here 's one dy'd 'cause she could live no longer . The Lady Mohum Dutches of York , and Duke of York's Wife also ; But Death resolving to cuckold the Duke , made her lie with him here below . The Lady Ann Ross , but note thee well that she in child-bed dy'd . The Lady Marquess of Winchester lies buried by her side . Now think your penny well spent good folks , and that ye are not beguil'd ; Within this Cup doth lie the heart of a French Embassadours Child : Nor can I tell how came to pass , on purpose or by chance ; The bowels they lie underneath , the body is in France . There 's Oxford's Countess , and there also the Lady Burley , her Mother ; And there her Daughter , a Countess too , lie close one by another . These once were bonny Dames , and though there were no Coaches then , Yet could they jog their tails themselves , or had them jogg'd by men . But wo is me , these High-born sinners , that strutted once so stoutly ; Are now laid low , and cause they can't ; Their statues pray devoutly . This is the Dutchess of Somerset , by name the Lady Ann ; Edward the Sixth her Lord protected , and he carried himself like a man. In this fair Monument which you see , adorn'd with so many Pillars , Doth lie the Countess of Buckingham , and her Husband , Sir George Villars . This old Sir George was Grandfather , the Countess she was Granny To the great Duke of Buckingham , who often fox'd King Jamny . Sir Robert Eatam a Scotch Knight , this man was Secretary , And scribled Complements for two Queens ; Queen Ann , and eke Queen Mary . This was the Countess of Lenox , I clep'd the Lady Marget King Jame's Grandmother , but yet 'gainst death she had no Target . This was Queen Mary , Queen of Scots , whom Buchanan doth bespatter , She lost her head at Fothringham , whatever was the matter . The Mother of our Seventh Henry , this is , that lieth hard by ; She was the Countess wot ye well , of Richmond and of Darby . Harry the Seventh himself lies here , with his fair Queen beside him ; He was the Founder of this Chappel , Oh! may no ill betide him ? Therefore his Monument's in brass , you 'l say that very much is . The Duke of Richmond and Lenox there lieth with his Dutchess ; And here they stand upright in a Press , with bodies made of wax ; With a Globe and a Wand in either hand , and their Robes upon their backs . Here lies the Duke of Buckingham , and the Dutchess his Wife : Whom Felton stab'd at Portsmouth Town , and so he lost his life . Two Children of King James these are , which Death keeps very chary ; Sophia in the Cradle lies , and this is the Lady Mary . And this is Queen Elizabeth , How the Spaniards did infest her ? Here she lies buried with Queen Mary , and now she agrees with her Sister . To another Chappel now come we , the people follow and chat ; This is the Lady Cottington , and the people cry , Who 's that ? This is the Lady Frances Sidney , The Countess of Sussex is she . And this the Lord Dudley Carleton is , and then they look up and see . Sir Thomas Bromley lieth here , Death would not him reprieve ; With his four Sons , and Daughters four , yet I heard no body grieve . The next is Sir John Tullerton , and this is his Lady I trow , And this is Sir John Duckering with his fine Bed-fellow . That 's Earl of Bridgewater in the middle , who makes no use of his bladder ; Although his Countess lies so near him , and so we go up a ladder . King Edward the First , that gallant blade , lies underneath this stone ; And this is the Chair which he did bring , a good while ago from Scone . In this same Chair till now of late , our Kings and Queens were crown'd ; Under this Chair , another stone doth lie upon the ground . On that same stone did Jacob sleep , instead of a doun Pillow ; And after that , 't was hither brought by some good honest Fellow . Richard the Second he lies here , and his first Queen , Queen Ann. Edward the Third lies here hard by , I , there was a gallant man : For this was his two-handed Sword , a Blade both true and trusty ; The French mens blood was ne're wip'd off , which makes it look so rusty . He lies here again with his Queen Philip , A Dutch Woman by Record ; But that 's all one , for now alas ! his Blade's not so long as his Sword. King Edward the Confessor lies within this Monument fine ; I 'me sure , quoth one , a worser Tomb must serve both me and mine . Harry the Fifth lies there . And there doth lie Queen Elenore ; To our first Edward she was Wife , Which is more then ye knew before . Henry the Third lies there entomb'd , he was Herb John in Pottage ; Little he did , but still reign'd on , although his Sons were at age . Fifty six years he reigned King , ere he the Crown would lay by ; Only we praise him , 'cause he was last Builder of this Abby . Here Thomas Cecil lies : Who 's that ? why , 't is the Earl of Exeter . And this his Countess is to die how it perplexed her . Here Henry Cary , Lord Hunsdon rests , what a noise a makes with his name ? He was Lord Chamberlain unto Queen Elizabeth of great fame . And here one William Colchester lies of a certainty , An Abbot he was of Westminster , and he that says no , doth lie . This is the Bishop of Durham , by Death here laid in Fetters ; Henry the Seventh lov'd him well , and made him write his Letters . Sir Thomas Ruthat , what of him ? poor Gentleman not a word ; Only they buried him here . But now behold that man with a Sword. Humphrey de Boliun , who though he were not born with me in the same Town ; Yet I can tell , he was Earl of Essex , of Hereford , and Northampton ; He was High Constable of England , as History well expresses . But now pretty Maids be of good chear , we are going up to the Presses . And now the Presses open stand , and ye see them all arow : But more is never said of these , than what is said below . Henry the Seventh and his fair Queen , Edward the First and his Queen ; Henry the Fifth here stands upright , and his fair Queen , was this Queen . The noble Prince , Prince Henry , King James's eldest Son ; King James , Queen Ann , Queen Elizabeth , and so this Chappel's done . Now down the stairs come we again , the man goes first with a staff ; Perchance one tumbles down two steps , and then the people laugh , This is the great Sir Francis Vere , That so the Spaniards curri'd ; Four Collonels support his Arms , and here his Body 's buried . That statue against the wall with one eye , is Major General Norrice ; He beat the Spaniards cruelly , as is affirm'd in Stories . His six Sons there hard by him stand , each one was a Commander ; To shew he could his Lady serve as well as the Hollander . And there doth Sir John Hollis rest , who was the Major General To Sir John Norrice , that brave blade , and so they go to Dinner all . For now the Shew is at an end , all things are done and said ; The Citizen pays for his Wife , The Prentice for the Maid . The Hector's Farewell . GOod people all , I pray give ear , my words concern ye much , I will relate a Hector's life , pray God ye be not such . There was a Gallant in the Town , a brave and jolly Sporter , There was no Lady in the Land , but he knew how to court her . His person comely was , and tall , more comely have been few men ; Which made him well beloved of men ; but more belov'd of women . Besides all this I can you tell , that he was well endow'd With many graces of the mind , Which Heav'n on him bestow'd . He was as liberal as the Sun , his Gold he freely spent ; Whether it were his own Estate , or that it were him lent . For valor , he a Lion was , I say a Lion bold ; For he did fear no living man that Sword in hand did hold . And when that he with glittring blade did e're assail his foes ; Full well I trow they did not miss their belly full of blows . A Frenchman once assaulted him , and told him that he ly'd . ; For which with Quart-pot he him slew , And so the French man dy'd . Three Danes , six Germans , and five Swedes met him in Lane of Drury ; Who cause they took of him the Wall , did kill them in his fury . Upon his body I have heard , full many a ●ear he bore , His skin did look like Sattin pinckt , with gashes many a score , Oh had he lost that noble blood For Countries liberty ! Where could all England then have found so brave a man as he ? But wo is me these vertues great , were all eclips'd with vice ; Just so the Sun that now shines bright , Is darkned in a trice . For he did swagger , drink , and game , indeed , what would he not ? His Psalter , and his Catechize he utterly forgot . But he is gone , and we will let no more of him be said ; They say 't is nought to reveal The vices of the dead . Beside we have some cause to think , that he may scape tormenting ; For the old Nurse that wach'd with him , did say he dy'd repenting . The Second Part. FArewell three Kings , where I have spent full many an idle hour ; Where ost I won , but ne're did lose if it were within my power . Where the raw Gallants I did chuse , like any Ragamuffin : But now I 'me sick and cannot play , who 'l trust me for a Coffin . Farewel my dearest Piccadilly , Notorious for great Dinners ; Oh , what a Tennis Court was there ! alas ! too good for sinners . Farewel Spring-garden , where I us'd to piss before the Ladies ; Poor Souls ! who 'l be their Hector now to get 'em pretty Babies ? Farewel the glory of Hide-Park , which was to me so dear ; Now since I can't enjoy it more , would I were buried there . Farewel tormenting Creditors , whose scores did so perplex me ; Well! Death I see for something 's good , for now you 'l cease to vex me . Farewel true brethren of the Sword , all Martial men and stout ; Farewel dear Drawer at the Fleece , I cannot leave thee out . My time draws on , I now must go from this beloved light ; Remember me to pretty Sue , and so dear friends good night . With that , on Pillow low he laid his pale and drooping head : And straight e're Cat could lick her ear , poor Hector he was dead . Now God bless all that will be blest , God bless the Inns of Courts ; And God bless Davenants Opera , which is the sport of sports . On the Death of Jo. W. WHen rich men die , whose purses swell with silver and with gold ; They straight shall have a Monument , their memories to uphold . Yet all that men can say of them , they lived so unknown ; Is but to write upon their Tombs , here lieth such a one . When Joseph , who died poor , ( though Simon was his Porter ) Shall die as if he ne're had been , and want his worths reporter . Full many a Can he often drank , In Fleet-street in the Cellar ; Yet he must unremembred dye , like some base Fortune-teller . He made the Ballad of the Turk , and sung it in the street ; And shall he dye , and no man heed it ? no friends , it is not meet . He lived in a Garret high , as high as any Steeple ; And shall he dye ? alas poor Jo ! unknown unto the People . He had no Curtains to his Bed , yet still paid for his quart , While Coin did last ; and shall he dye ? And no man lay 't to heart . He lov'd his Dog , Icleped Trou , his Dog he loved Pye ; Shall Tobit live for his Dogs sake ? and Jo neglected , dye . He hated all the Female sex , who knows his private grudge ; And must he therefore dye forgot ? I leave the World to judge . Each Term he ask'd his Father Blessing , most gravely and demurely , Who then did give him Shillings Ten ; and must he dye obscurely ? No Jo , I 'le bid peace to thy bones , Though they were sick and crazie , And must be quite made new again , Before that Heav'n can raise thee . And since th' art gone , and there is none , who knoweth where to find thee ; I 'le fix this truth upon thy name , Thou didst leave Wit behind thee . Wit that shall make thy name to last , when Tarletons Jests are rotten ; And George a Green , and Mother Bunch , shall all be quite forgotten . Now if you ask where Jo is gone , you think I cannot tell ; Oh he is blest ! for he was poor , and could not go to Hell. But for his Father rich in Bags , the Devil ought to have him ; That took no care of such a Son , till 't was too late to save him . The Song of the Caps . THe Wit hath long beholding bin Unto the Cap , to keep it in ; Let now the Wit fly out amain With Praise , to quit the Cap again ; The Cap that owes the highest part , Obtain'd that place by due desert . For any Cap what e're it be , Is still the sign of some Degree . The Cap doth stand , each man doth show , Above a Crown ; but Kings below . The Cap is nearer Heaven than we , A greater sign of Majesty ; When off the Cap we chance to take , Both Head and Feet obeysance make . For any Cap , &c. The Monmouth Cap , the Saylors Thrum , And that wherein the Saylors come . The Physick , Law , the Cap Divine , The same that crowns the Muses nine . The Cap that Fools do countenance , The goodly Cap of Maintenance . And any Cap , &c. The sickly Cap , both plain and wrought , The Fudling Cap , however brought . The Quilted , Furr'd , the Velvet , Sattin , For which so many Pates learn Latin. The Crewel Cap , the Fustean Pate , The Periwig , a Cap of late . Thus any Cap , &c. The Souldiers that the Monmouth wear , On Castle tops their Ensigns rear . The Saylors with their Thrum do stand On higher place than all the Land. The Tradesman Cap aloft is born , By vantage of ( some say ) his horn . Thus any Cap , &c. The Physicks Cap to dust may bring , Without controll the greatest King. The Lawyers Cap hath heavenly might , To make a crooked Cause stand right : Which being round and endless , knows To make as endless any Cause . Thus any Cap , &c. Both East and West , and North , and South , Where e're the Gospel finds a mouth , The Cap divine doth thither look ; The Square-like Scholars and their Book : The rest are round , but this is square ; To shew that they more stable are . Thus any Cap , &c. The Motley man a Cap doth wear , That makes him fellow for a Peer ; And it s no slender part of wit , To act the fool where great men sit : But Oh the Cap of London town ! I wis 't is like the Giants crown . Thus any Cap , &c. The sick mans Cap not wrought with silk , Is like repentance white as milk . When Hats in Church drop off in haste , This Cap ne're leaves the head uncaste . The sick mans Cap if wrought , can tell , Though he be ill , his state is well . Thus any Cap , &c. The Fudling Cap , God Bacchus might , Turns night to day and day to night ; Yet spendors it prefers to more , By seeing double all their store . The Fur'd and Quilted Cap of age , Can make a mouldy Proverb sage . Thus any Cap , &c. Though Fustean Caps be slender wear , The head is of no better gear . The Crowel Cap is knit like Hose , For them whose zeal takes cold in the nose Whose purity doth judge it meet , To cloth alike both head and feet . This Cap would fain , but cannot be , The only Cap of no degree . The Satin and the Velvet hive , Unto a Bishoprick doth drive : Nay when a file of Caps y' are seen in , The Square Cap this , and then a Linen . This treble may raise some hope , If fortune smile to be a Pope . Thus any Cap , &c. The Periwing , Oh that declares ! The rise of flesh the loss of hairs , And none but Graduates can proceed In sin so far , till this they need . Before the Prince none cover'd are , But those that to themselves go bare . This Cap of all the Caps that be , Is now the sign of high degree . The Jolly Ale-Drinker . I Cannot eat but little meat , my stomach is not good ; But sure I think , that I can drink with him that wears a hood : Though I go bare , take ye no care , I nothing am a cold , I stuff my skin , so full within , with jolly good Ale and old . Back and sides go bare , go bare , both foot and hand go cold ; But Belly , God send thee good Ale enough , whether it be new or old . I love no Rost , but a nut-brown Tost , and a Crab laid in the fire ; A little bread , shall serve my stead , for much I not desire . No frost or snow , no wind I trow , can hurt me if I would ; I am so wrapt , and throughly lapt with jolly good Ale and old . Back and sides , &c. And Tib my Wife , that as her life loveth good Ale to seek ; Full oft drinks she , till you may see the tears run down her cheek . Then doth she trowl to me the Bowl , even as a Mault-worm should ; And saith , Sweet-heart , I took my part of this jolly good Ale , and old . Back and sides &c. Now let them drink , till they nod and wink , even as good Fellows should do ; They shall not miss , to have the bliss , good Ale doth bring men to . And all poor Souls , that have scowr'd Bowls , or have them lustily trowl'd ; God save the lives of them and their Wives , whether they be young or old . Back and sides go bare , &c. The Shepherd's Song in praise of his God Pan , who prefers him before the Sun. THou that art call'd the bright Hiperion , Wert thou more strong then Spanish Gerion , That had three heads upon one man ; Compare not with our great God Pan. They call thee Son of bright Latona , But girt thee in thy ●orr●d Zona ; Sweat , baste , and broil , as best thou can , Thou art not like our Dripping Pan , What cares he for the great God Neptune ; With all the broth that he is kept in ; Vulcan or Jove he scorns to bow to , To Hermes , or th' Infernal Pluto . Then thou that art the Heavens bright Eye , Or burn , or scorch , or boil , or fry : Be thou a God , or be thou Man , Thou art not like our Frying Pan. They call thee Phoebus , God of Day , Years , Moneths , Weeks , Hours , of March and May : Bring up thy Army in the Van , We 'l meet thee with our Pudding Pan. Thy self in thy bright Chariot settle , With Skillet arm'd , brass Pot , or Kettle ; With Jug , black Pot , with Glass or Can , No talking to our Warming Pan. Thou hast thy beams thy brows to deck , Thou hast thy Daphne at thy beck : Pan hath his horns , Syrinx and Phillis ; And I his Swain , my Amarillis . Song on Women . TRust not a Woman when she cries , For she 'l pump water from her eyes With a wet finger ; and in faster showers , Then April when he rains down Flowers . As out of Wormwood Bees suck honey ; As from poor Clients Lawyers firk money ; As Parseley from a rosted Coney : So though the day be ne're to sunny . If Wives will have it rain down , then it drives ; The calmest Husbands make the most stormy Wives . On an Excellent Race-Horse . COme Muses all that dwell nigh the Fountain , made by the winged Horses heel ; Which firk'd with his Rider over each Mountain , let me your gallopping raptures feel . I do not sing of Fleas , nor Frogs , Nor of the well-mouth'd Hunting-dogs ; Let me be just , all praises must Be giv'n to well-breath'd Jilian Thrust . 2. Young Constable and Kil-deer's famous , the Cap , the Mouse , the Noddy gray , With nimble Pegabrigg , you cannot shame us , With Spaniard nor with Spinola ; Hill climing white Rose praised doth not lack , Handsom Dunbar , and yellow Jack : But if I be just , all praises must Be given to well-breath Jilian Thrust . 3. Sure spurr'd Sloven , true runing Robin of young Shaver , I do not say less ; Strawbery , Soam , and let Spider pop in , fine Brackley , and brave running Bess , Victorious too was Herring Shotten , And Spin in 's arse is not forgotten . But if I be just , all honour must Be given unto Jilian Thrust . 4. Now Gentleman all I pray you hark yet , to winning Makarel , fine mouth'd Freak ; Bay Tarral that won the Cup at New-market ; thundring Tempest , Black-dragon eke ; Precious Sweet-lips , I do not lose , Nor Toby with his golden Shoes : But if I be just , all honour must Be given to well-breath Jilian Thrust . The Clown's Description of his Mistress . HAppy am I in Mop●s love , that ever I bespoke her ; Whose hair 's as fine as any hemp , and colour'd like red ok●r . Whose hammer-head and beetle-brows . will never me deceive ; If I have any Nail to drive , or any Block to cleave . Those eye-holes , if thy eyes were out , would serve as well for Sawcers ; But thy plump cheeks puft up do hang like to a pair of Dossers . And from this Limbeck the rare Juice , continually that flows : Lest thou should lose one drop of it , thou hast a Bottle-nose . Thy chaps do water , I protest , as they were greas'd with tallow ; Thy scattering teeth enamel'd are , with blew , and black , and yellow : When thou dost talk , I do admire , thy stumbling and thy trips ; Thou art no great blab of thy tongue , but a little of thy lips . The rubies , and the carbuncles , on thy face shine most Star-like ; But oh ! thy spicy fragrant breath , smells like a bed of Garlike . Thy comely breasts to me appear like Mole-hills newly raised ; Which for their mountainous extent , are highly to be praised . Her sides be long , her belly lank ; of her legs what should I say ? But that she feels well in the flank , her feet themselves display . The Watch-mens Song . SIng and rejoyce , the day is gone , and the wholesome night appears , In which the Constable on throne of trusty Bench , doth with his peers The comely Watch-men , sound of health , sleep for the good ot'h Commonwealth . 'T is his office to do so , being bound to keep the peace , And in quiet sleep you know , mortal jars and lewd brauls cease . A Constable may then for 's health , Sleep for the good ot'h Commonwealth . Unless with nobler thoughts inspir'd , to the Tavern he resort ; Wherewith sack his senses fir'd , he raigns as Fairy King in Court : Drinking many a lusty health , Then sleep for the good ot'h Commonwealth . With a comely Girle , whom late he had taken in his watch ; Oft he steals out of the Gate , her at the old sport to match : Though it may impair his health , He sleeps for the good ot'h Commonwealth . Who then can Constables deny , to be persons brave and witty ; Snce they only are the eye , the glory , the delight o' th City : That with Staff and Lanthorn light : A like-black Pluto Princes of the night . The Jovial Companion . COme let 's drink , the time invites , Winter and cold weather ; For to pass away long nights , and to keep our wits together : Better far thna Cards or Dice , Or Jack's balls that quaint delights , Made up with fan and feather . Of great actions on the Seas , we will ne're be jealous ; Give us liquor that will please , and 't will make us braver fellows , Then the stout Venetian Fleet , When the Turk and they do meet , Within their Dardanello's . Mahomet was not Divine , but a simple Wigeon ; To forbid the use of Wine , unto those of his Religion ; Falling sickness was his shame , And his Tomb shall have the same , For all is whispring Pigeon . Therefore water we 'l desclaim ; mankinds adversary ; Once it caus'd the worlds whole same in the deluge to miscarry . Nay this enemy of joy , Seeks with envy to destroy , And murther good Canary . Valentien that famous Town , stood the French mens wonder ; Water it employ'd to drown , so to force their Troops asunder : Turain cast a helpless look , Whilst the crafty Spaniard took La Ferto , and his plunder , See thee Squibs , and hear the Bells the fifth day of November ; The Preacher a sad Story tells , and with horror doth remember , How some Dry-brain'd Traitor wrought Arts , that might have ruine brought . To King , and every member . He that drinks hath no such thoughts , black and void of reason ; We take care to fill our vaults with Wine for every season : And with many a chearful cup We blow one another up , And that 's our only treason . A New Ballad of St. George for England , and the Dragon . WHY should we boast of Arthur and his Knights , Knowing how many men have performed fights Or why should we speak of Sir Lancelor du Lake , Or Sir Tristram du Leon , that fought for Ladies sake : Read old Stories , and there you shall see , How St. George , St. George did make the Dragon flee ; St. George he was for England , St. Denis was for France , Sing Hony soit qui maly pense . To speak of the Monarchs , it were too long to tell ; And likewise of the Romans , how far they did excel ; Hannibal and Scipio they many a field did fight ; Orlando Furioso he was a valiant Knight ; Romulus and Rhemus were those that Rome did build , But St. George , St. George the Dragon he hath kill'd . St. George , &c. Jephtha and Gideon they led their men to fight , The Gibeonites and Ammonites they put them all to flight ; Hercules's labour was in the Vale of Bass , And Sampson slew a thousand with the Jaw bone of an Ass ; And when that he was blind , pull'd the temple to the ground ; But St. George , St. George the Dragon did confound . St. George , &c. Valentine and Orson they came of Pippin's blood ; Alphred and Aldrecus they were brave Knights and good ; The four Sons of Ammon that fought with Charlemain , Sir Hugh de Burdeaux , and Godfrey de Bolaigne ; These were all French Knights , the Pagans did convert ; But St. George , St. George pull'd forth the Dragons heart . St. George , &c. Henry the Fifth he conquered all France ; He quarttered their Arms his honour to advance ; He razed their walls , and pull'd their Cities down ; And garnished his head with a double treble Crown ; He thumped the French , and after home he came ; But St. George , St. George he made the Dragon tame . St George , &c. St. David you know , loves Leeks and tosted Cheese ; And Jason was the man brought home the Golden Fleece ; St. Patrick you know he was St. Georges Boy , Seven years he kept his Horse , and then stole him away ; For which knavish act , a Slave he doth remain ; But St. George , St. George the Dragon he hath slain . St. George , &c. Tamberlain the Emperour in Iron Cage did crown , With his bloody Flags displayed before the Town ; Scanderbag magnanimous Mahomets Bashaw did dread ; Whose Victorious bones were worn when he was dead ; His Bedlerbegs , his Corn-like drags , George Castriote was he call'd But St. George , St. George the Dragon he hath mauld . St. George , &c. Ottoman the Tarter , C ham of Persia's race , The great Mogul , with chests so ful of all his Cloves and Mace ; The Grecian youth , Bucephalus he manly did bestride ; But those with all their Worthies nine , S. George did them deride ; Gustavus Adolphus was Sweedlands warlike King ; But St. George , St. George pull'd forth the Dragons sting . St. George , &c. Poldraggon and Cadwallader of Brittish blood do boast ; Though John of Gaunt , his foes did daunt , St. George shall rule the rost , Agamemnon , and Cleomedon , and Macedon did feats , But compared to our Champion , they were but meerly cheats ; Brave Malta Knights , in Turkish fights their brandish Swords out drew , But St. George met the Dragon , & ran him through & through . St. George , &c. Bidia the Amazon Potius overthrew ; As fierce as either Vandal , Goth , Saracen , or Jew ; The potent Holophernes , as he lay in his bed , In came wise Judith , and subtly stole his head ; Brave Cyclops stout , with Jove he fought , although he showr'd down thunder , But St. George kill'd the Dragon , was not that a wonder ; St. George , &c. Mark Anthony , I le warrant you , plaid feats with Egypts Queen ; Sir Eglamone that valiant Knight , the like was never seen ; Grim Gorgons might , was known in sight ; Old Bevis most men frighted ; The Myrmidons and Prester John , why were not those men knighted ? Brave Spinola took in Breda , Nassau did it recover : But St. George St. George he turn'd the Dragon over & over . St. George he was for England , St. Denis was for France , Sing Hony soit qui mal y pense . New Song . In Defiance of Drinking-sack WHat a Devil ail our Poets all , For drink , for drink thus always to call ? And nothing goes down but drink , Friends , whether are your stomachs flown ? That you the noble food disown , That better deserves your ink . Food ! I there is a substantial word , And it beget a substantial turd , That breeds grass for Cows and Sheep : The Countrey-bumpkin he comes for it , And at night it rideth in a Charret , When all men are asleep . Alass ! for drink , 't is not worth your meeter , Drink maketh Piss , and piss makes Salt-peeter , That kills and blows up the people . You may drink Clarret , and have the gout , I le eat , and drink little , and go without , And laugh at the drunken Cripple . Let Lady 's the Exchanges range , The Shambles shall be my Exchange , Which I count a noble place : What do I care for pins or points , Let me behold the solid joynts , That keep up humane race . The noble Sirloins there doth lie , A Joynt well known to satisfie , Though you feed ne're so fiercely : And there you may see the glorious Buttocks Of many a Cow , and many a fat Ox ; Oh how they taste with Parseley ; The Brisket must not be forgot , ' Tts meat for a Prince , while it is hot , If Cabbage do attend it ; Though if the Turneps be of Hackney , I will not covet any Sack nigh , To inspire me to commend it . Nor must we pass the Leg of Mutton , T is a noble Dish for any Glutton , Although he rul'd an Empire : Whether a Sea of Anchovies sawce , Like Delas Isle , do it imbrace , or serv'd with Capers and Sampire . Your Venson Pasty , if well soakt , If not , I wish the Cook were choakt , What say you to such meat ? Capons refus'd , to let it go down , It wisdom gives to the man o' th Gown , Who will feed on 't till he sweat . Who will not commend the high-soaring Larks , Or a Pidgeon-pye , worth three or four Marks , With Rabbets all butter'd about ? The Woodcock , Partridge , and the Teal , The Pheasant and Turky , which the Commonweal could never be without . There be your Hashes , and Fricasses Which are contemn'd by none but Asses , And mushroms no meat for Carters ; With a thousand more so long to recount , 'T would make my Song for to surmount The three great Books of Martyrs Nor would I now advise any man , For to extol the glass or can , Least he receive the foil ; Should we compare them with pot or kettle , Or ladle , or skimmer of as good mettle , Or grid-iron fit to broil ; Or with the spit much us'd at court , Which Vulcan found out , heaven bless him for 't , As sing the learned Atticks : And for the Jack , there is no watch , Was ever able for to match The Turn-spit Mathematicks . Nor let the men that drink Paris Wine , Or Sack , which I take to be more Divine , Plead wit , or inspirations ; Meat has a more large prerogative , For by it all Professions live , And it multiplies the Nations . The man that drinketh all his life , What can he do unto his wife ? Poor soul she lives in quiet ? But such a restless quiet 't is , That never ends , till she doth kiss The man that eats good dyet . The crafty Polititian , Who with his acts doth all he can , The Cellar dores to shut ; Must have his boil'd , his bak'd , his rost , Nor will he spare for any cost , To cram his lawless gut . The serious Lawyer , who doth firk Out of his pate full many a quirk , Refuses all strong liquor ; Yet cause his commons are but short , A Clients feast does him no hurt , It will make them talk the quicker . Peace therefore , Broom , for liquor so fierce , The Cooks are angry at thy verse , And ha'sworn the Fidlers to cripple ; If against next Term they ha' ne're a new song , Which may to the praise of Meat belong , As well as to that of Tipple . The OLD GILL . IF you will be still , Then tell you I will , Of a lovely old Gill , Dwelt under a hill : Her Locks are like sage , That 's well worn with Age , And her visage would swage A stout mans Courage . Teeth yellow as Box , Clean out with the Pox ; Her Breath smells like Lox , Or unwiped Nocks : She hath a devilish grin , Long hairs on her chin , To the soul footed Fien , She is nearly a Kin. She hath a beetle brow , Deep Furrows enow , She 's ey'd like a Sow , Flat nos'd like a Cow : Lips swarthy and dun , A mouth like a Gun , And her tattle doth run , As swift as the Sun. On her back stands a Hill , You may place a Wind-mill , And the Farts of her gill , Will make the sails trill : Her neck is much like , The foul swines in the Dike , Against Crab-lice and Tike , A blew pin in her pike . Within this Anno , There dwells an Hurricano , And the rise of her Plano , Vomits smoak like Vulcano : But a pox of her twist , It is always bepist , And the Devil 's in his list , That to her Mill brings grist . ' Ware the dint of her dirt , She will give you a flirt , She has always the squirt , She is loose and ungirt : Want of wind makes her pant , Till she fizzle and rant , And the hole in her gant , Is as deep as Levant . Yea deep as any well , A Furnace or Kell , A bottomless cell , Some think it is Hell : But I have spoken my fill , Of my Lovely old Gill , And 't is taken so ill , I 'le throw by my Quill . The PUDDING . FRom twelve years old , I oft have been told A Pudding it was a delicate bit , I can remember my Mother has said what a delight she had to be fed With a Pudding . Thirteen being past , I long'd for to tast What Nature or Art could make so sweet , For many gay Lasses about my age Perpetually speak on 't , that puts me in a rage For a Pudding . Now at Fifteen I often have seen Most Maids to admire it so , That their humour and pride is to say O what a delight they have for to play With a Pudding . When I am among some Wives that are young , Who think they shall never give it due praise , It is sweet , It is good , It is pleasant still They cry , they think they shall ne'r have their fill Of a Pudding . The greater sort of the Town and the Court , When met , their tongues being tip't with Wine , How merry and Jocund their Tattles do run To tell how they ended and how they begun With a Pudding . Some ancient Wives , who most of their lives Have daily tasted of the like food , Now for want of supplies do swear and grumble , That still they 'r able enough , to mumble A Pudding . Now , now I find , cat will to kind Since all my heart and blood is on fire , I am resolv'd whatever comes on 't My Fancy no longer shall suffer the want Of a Pudding . For I 'le to John who says he has one That 's cram'd as close as Cracker or Squib , Who ever is telling me when we do meet Of the wishing desires and sweetness they get In a Pudding . I thought at first , It never would burst , It was as hard as grissel or bone , But by the rouling and trowling about How kindly and sweetly the Marrow flew out Of his Pudding . Well , since I ne'r , was fed with such geer , Untill my John did prove so kind , I made a request to prepare again That I might continue in Love with the strain Of his Pudding . Then straight he brought , what I little thought Could ever have been in its former plight , He rumbl'd and jumbled me ore and ore Till I found he had almost wasted the store Of his Pudding . Then the other mess , I begg'd hin to dress , Which by my Assistance was brought to pass . But by his dulness and moving so slow I quickly perceiv'd the stuffing grew low In his Pudding . Though he grew cold , my Stomach did hold With vigor to relish the other bit , But for all he could do , could not furnish agen , For he swore he had left little more than the skin Of his Pudding . A Parly , between two WEST-COUNTRIMEN on sight of a WEDDING . I Tell thee Dick where I have been , Where I the rarest things have seen ; O things beyond compare ! Such sights again cannot be found In any place on English ground , Be it at Wake or Fair. At Charing Cross , hard by the way Where we ( thou know'st ) do sell our hay , There is a House with stairs ; And there did I see coming down , Such Volk as are not in our town , Vortie at least in pairs , Amongst the rest one pest'lent fine , ( His beard no bigger though than thine ) Walkt on before the rest : Our Landlord looks like nothing to him The King ( God bless him ) 't would undo him Should he go still so drest . At Course-a-Park without all doubt , He should have first been taken out By all the maids i' th Town ; Though lusty Roger there had been , Or little George upon the green , Or Vincent of the Crown . But wot you what ; the youth was going To make an end of his woing , The Parson for him staid , Yet by his leave ( for all his hast ) He did not so much wish all past ( Perchance ) as did the Maid . The Maid ( and thereby hangs a tale ) For such a Maid no Whitson-Ale Could ever yet produce : No gr●pe that 's kindly ripe , could be So round , so plump , so soft as she , Nor half so full of juice Her finger was so small , the Ring Would not stay on which he did bring , It was too wide a peck : And to say truth ( for out it must ) It lookt like the great Collar ( just ) About our young Colts neck . Her feet beneath her petticoat , Like little mice stole in and out , As if they fear'd the light : But Dick she dances such a way , No Sun upon an Easter day Is half so fine a sight . He would have kist her once or twice , But she would not she was so nice , She would not do 't in sight ; And then she lookt as who would say , I will do what I list to day ; And you shall do 't at night . Her cheeks so rare a white was on , No Dazy makes comparison ( Who sees them is undone : ) For streaks of red were mingled there ; Such as are on a Katherine Pear , The side that 's next the Sun. Her lips were red , and one was thin Compar'd to that was next her Chin ( Some Bee had stung it newly : ) But ( Dick ) her Eyes so guard her Face I durst no more upon them gaze , Than on the Sun in July . Her mouth so small when she does speak , thou 'dst swear her teeth her words did break , That they might passage get ; But she so handled still the matter , They came as good as ours , or better , And are not spent a whit . If wishing should be any sin The Parson himself had guilty bin . ( She lookt that day so purely ) And did the youth so oft the feat At night , as some did in conceit , It would have spoil'd him surely . Passion , Oh me ! how I run on ! Ther 's that that would be thought upon ( I trow ) besides the Bride , The business of the Kitchin 's great , For it is fit that men should eat ; Nor was it there deny'd . Just in the nick the Cook knockt thrice , And all the Waiters in a trice His summons did obey , Each Serving man with dish in hand Marcht boldly up like our Train-band , Presented and away . When all the meat was on the Table , What man of knife or teeth was able To stay to be intreated ? And this the very reason was Bofore the Parson could say grace , The company was seated . Now hats fly off , and youths carouse ; Healths first go round and then the House ; The Brides came thick and thick ; And when 't was nam'd anothers health , Perhaps he made it hers by stealth ; ( And who could help it , Dick ? ) O' th suddain up they rise and dance ; Then sit again , and sigh , and glance : Then dance again and kiss : Thus sev'ral ways the time did pass , Whil'st every woman wisht her place , And every man wisht his . By this time all were stoln aside , To councell and undress the Bride ; But that he must not know : But 't was thought he guest her mind , And did not mean to stay behind Above an hour or so . When in he came ( Dick ) there she lay Like new-fallen snow melting away , ( 'T was time I trow to part ) Kisses were now the onely stay , Which soon she gave , as who should say God B'w'y ' ! with all my heart . But just as Heavens would have to cross it In came the Bride-maids with the Posset , The Bride-groom eat in spight ; For had he left the woman to 't ; It would have cost two hours to do 't , Which were too much that night . At length the Candle 's out and now , All that they had not done they do ; What that is , you can tell ; But I believe it was no more , Than thou and I have done before With Bridget and with Nell . The OLD and NEW COURTIER . WIth an Old Song made by an Old Antient pate , Of an old worshipful Gentleman who had a great Estate : Who kept an Old house at a bountiful rate , And an Old Porter to relieve the Poor at his Gate , Like an old Courtier of the Queens . With an Old Lady whose anger good words asswages , Who every quarter pays her old Servants their wages , Who never knew what belongs to Coachmen , Footmen & Pages ; But kept twenty or thirty old Fellows with blew-coats and badges : Like an Old Courtier , &c. With an old Study fill'd full of Learned books , With an Old Reverend Parson , you may judge him by his looks , With an old Buttery hatch worn quite off the old hooks , And an old Kitchin which maintains half a dozen old cooks ; Like an Old , &c. With an old Hall-hung round about with Guns , Pikes and Bows , With old swords and bucklers , which hath born many shrewd blows . And an old Frysadoe coat to cover his worships trunk hose , And a Cup of old Sherry to comfort his [ Copper Nose ; ] Like an Old , &c. With an old Fashion when Christmas is come To call in his Neighbours with Bag-pipe and Drum , And good chear enough to furnish every old Room , And old Liquor able to make a cat speak , & a wise man dumb ; Like an Old , &c. With an old Hunts-man , a Falkonner and a Kennel of Hounds Which never Hunted , nor Hawked , but in his own Grounds : Who like an old Wise-man kept himself within his own bounds And when he died gave every Child a thousand old pounds ; Like an Old , &c. But to his eldest Son , his house and land he assign'd , Charging him in his Will to keep the same bountiful mind , To be good to his Servants , and to his Neighbours kind , But in the ensuing Ditty , you shall hear how he was enclin'd ; Like a young Courtier of the Kings . Like a young Gallant newly come to his Land , That keeps a Brace of Creatures at 's own command , And takes up a thousand pounds upon 's own Bond , And lieth drunk in a new Tavern , till he can neither go nor stand ; Like a young Courtier , &c. With a neat Lady that is fresh and fair , Who never knew what belong'd to good house keeping or care , But buys several Fans to play with the wanton air , And seventeen or eighteen dressings of other womens hair ; Like a young , &c. With a new Hall built where the old one stood , Wherein is burned neither coal , nor wood , And a new Shuffle-bord-table where never meat stood , Hung round with pictures which doth the poor little good . Like a young , &c. With a new Study stuff't full of Pamphlets and Plays , With a new Chaplin , that swears faster than he prays , With a new Buttery Hatch that opens once in four or five days , With a new French-Cook to make Kickshaws and Toys ; Like a young , &c. With a new fashion when Christmas is come , With a journey up to London we must be gone , And leave no body at home but our new Porter John , Who relieves the poor with a thnmp on the back with a stone . Like a young , &c. With a Gentleman-Usher whose carriage is compleat , With a Footman , a Coachman , a Page to carry meat , With a waiting Gentlewoman , whose dressing is very neat , Who when the Master has din'd gives the servants little meat ; Like a young , &c. With a new honour bought with his Fathers old Gold , That many of his Fathers Old Mannors hath sold , And this is the occasion that most men do hold , That good House-keeping is now a days grown so cold ; Like a young Courtier of the Kings . The FRYER and the MAID . ASI lay musing all alone A merry Tale I thought upon ; Now listen a while and I will you tell Of a Fryer that lov'd a Bonny Lass well . He came to her when she was going to bed Desiring to have her Maiden-head ; But she denyed his desire , And said that she did fear Hell-fire . Tush , tush , quoth the Fryer , thou need 's not doubt . If thou wer 't in Hell , I could sing thee out : Why then , quoth the Maid , thou shalt have thy request ; The Fryer was as glad as a Fox in his nest . But one thing more I must request More than to sing me out of Hell-fire , That is for doing of the thing An Angel of Mony you must me bring . Tush , tush , quoth the Fryer , we two shall agree , No Mony shall part thee and me ; Before thy company I will lack I le pawn the Gray-gown off my back . The maid bethought her on a Wile How she might this Fryer beguile ; When he was gone , the truth to tell , She hung a Cloth before a Well : The Fryar came , as his bargain was , With Mony unto his bonny Lass ; Good morrow , Fair Maid , good morrow , quoth she ; Here is the Mony I promis'd thee . She thank'd him , and she took the Mony ; Now let 's go to 't , my own sweet Honey : Nay , stay a while , some respite make , If my Master should come , he would us take . Alass ; quoth the Maid , my Master doth come ; Alass ! quoth the Fryer , where shall I run ; Behind you Cloth run thou quoth she , For there my Master cannot see . Behind the Cloth the Fryer went , And was in the Well incontinent : Alass : quoth he I'm in the Well ; No matter quoth she if thou wer 't in hell . Thou said'st thou could'st sing me out of Hell , I prithee sing thy self out of the Well ; Sing out , quoth she , with all thy might , Or else thou' rt like to sing there all night . The Fryer sang out with a pitifull sound , Oh! help me out or I shall be Drown'd : She heard him make such a pitiful moan , She hope him out , and bid him go home . Quoth the Fryer I never was serv'd so before ; Away , quoth the Wench , come here no more : The Fryer he walked a long the street As if he had been a new washed Sheep , Sing hey down a derry ; and let 's be merry , And from such sin ever to keep . TOM a BEDLAM . FOrth from my sad and darksome Cell , From the deep abyss of Hell , Mad Tom is come to view the world again , To see if he can ease his distemper'd brain . Fear and Despair possess my Soul ; Hark how the angry Furies howl ! Pluto laughs , and Proserpine is glad To see poor naked Tom of bedlam mad . Through the World I wander Night and Day To find my troubled Senses , At last I found old Tine With his Pentateuch of Tenses . When he me spies , away he flyes , For Time will stay for no man ; In vain with cryes I rend the Skies , For pitty is not common . Cold and comfortless I lye , Oh help , O help or else I dye ! Hark I hear Apollo's Team , The Carman'gins to whistle ; Chast Diana bends her bow , And the Bore begins to bristle . Come Vulcan with tools and with tackles . And knock off my troublesome Shackles ; Bid Charles make ready his Wain To fetch my five Senses again . Last night I heard the Dog-Stark bark , Mars met Venus in the dark ; Lymping Vulcan heat and Iron bar , And furiously run at the god of War. Mars with his weapon laid about , Lymping Vulcan had the gout , For his broad Horns hung so in his light That he could not see to aim aright . Mercury the nimble Post of heaven Stay'd to see the Quarrel , Gorrel belly Bacchus giantly bestrid A Strong-beer barrel : To me he drank , I did him thank , But I could drink no Sider ; He drank whole Buts till he burst his guts , But mine were ne're the wider . Poor Tom is very dry , A little drink for Charitie : Hark! I hear Acteon's hounds , The Hunts-man hoopes and Hallows ; Ringwood , Rockwood , Jowler , Bowman , All the Chace doth follow . The man in the Moon drinks Clarret , Eats powder'd Beef , Turnep and Carret ; But a Cup of old Maligo Sack Will fire the Bush at his Back . Alas poor Scholar , Whither wilt thou go ? OR Strange Alterations which at this time be , There 's many did think they never should see . IN a Melancholy Study , None but my self , Methought my Muse grew muddy ; After seven years Reading , And costly breeding , I felt , but could find no pelf ; Into Learned Rags I 've rent my Plush and Satten , And now am fit to beg In Hebrew , Greek and Latin ; Instead of Aristotle , Would I had got a Patten . Alas poor Scholar , whither wilt thou go ? Cambridge now I must leave thee , And follow Fate , Colledge hopes do deceive me ! I oft expected To have been elected , But Desert is reprobate . Masters of Colledges Have no Common Graces , And they that have Fellowships Have but common Places , And those that Scholars are They must have handsom faces : Alas poor Scholar , whither wilt thou go ? I have bow'd , I have bended , And all in hope One day to be befriended . I have preach'd I have printed What e'r I hinted , To please our English Pope : I worship'd towards the East , But the Sun doth not forsake me : I find that I am falling , The Northern winds do shake me : Would I had been upright , For Bowing now will break me : At great preferment I aimed , I looked lately To live most stately , And have a Dairy of Bell-ropes milk ; But now alas , My self I must not flatter , Bigamy of Steeples Is a laughing matter ; Each man must have but one ; And Curates will grow fatter . Alas poor Scholar , whither wilt thou go ? Into some Country Village Now I must go , Where neither Tythe nor Tillage The greedy Patron And parched Matron Swear to the Church they owe : Yet if I can preach , And Pray too on a sudden , And confute the Pope At adventure , without studying , Then ten pounds a year , Besides a Sunday Pudding . All the Arts I have skill in , Divine and Humane , Yet all 's not worth a Shilling ; When the Women hear me , They do but jeer me , And say , I am profane : Once , I remmember , I preached with a Weaver , I quoted Austin . He quoted Dod and Clever ; I nothing got , He got a Cloak and Bever : Alas poor Scholar , whither wilt thou go ? Ships , Ships , Ships , I discover , Crossing the Main ; Shall I in , and go over , Turn Jew or Atheist , Turk , or Papist , To Geneva , or Amsterdam ? Bishopricks are void In Scotland ; shall I thither ? Or follow Windebank And Finch , to see if either Do want a Priest to shrive them ? O no , 't is blust'ring weather . Alas poor Scholar , whither wilt thou go ? Ho , ho , ho , I have hit it , Peace good-man Fool ? Thou hast a Trade will fit it ; Draw thy Indenture , Be bound at adventure An Apprentice to a Free-School , There thou mayst command By William Lylies Charter ; There thou mayst whip , strip , And hang , and draw , and quarter , And commit to the Red Rod Both Will and Tom , and Arthur , I , I , 't is thither , thither will I go . Superscriptions for Letters . To a Duke . A Duke first was made by the French Kings , when they had chased the Romans out of Gallia ; bestowing the name of Dux , a little altered to the French Idiom , upon those to whom they gave the Principal Government over those Provinces which they had recovered : in process of time theyusurped the Inheritance of their Governments ; and made their Feifeswhich before were revocable at the Princes pleasure , to be hereditary . So that at length their Titles came to be so much esteemed as to be thought the next in order to that of a King. The Title which is most usually applied to a Duke , is that of Grace ; and we address ourselves ●ohim by word of mouth , thus . May it please your Grace . If he be the Kings Son , or of the Royal blood , we write to him thus . To the most Illustrious Prince Henry , &c. To the most excellent Prince . Or else , To the most High and Noble . EArls at the same time , and upon the same account , were created by the French King , only here seem'd the difference to be between them ; for the Dukes seemed to have the Military Power , and the Earls were only made to exercise the Civil Jurisdiction in the Towns where they were plac'd . They are now the next in order to Marquess ; by word of mouth we make our Addresses thus , May it please your Honour . And write to him thus , To the Right Honourable . A Marquess formerly was the Governor of a Fronteer Town , and inferiour to the Earl of a Province ; but superiour to the Earl of an Inland Town . In speaking we thus address our selves to them , May it please your Honour . We write to them thus , To the Right Honourable . A Viscount was formerly the Lievtenant to an Earl , so that their Dignity hath continued next to that of an Earl ever since ; and indeed between a Viscount and a Baron or Lord , there is no difference used in making addresses to them . We speak to them thus , May it please your Honour my Lord. We write thus , To the Honourable . A Knight is the next Degree of honour being more peoperly a Military Dignity ; but of late very much confused . They bear the Title of Right Worshipful . We make our dress thus , May it please your Worship . We write thus , To the Right Worshipful . ESquire was formerly but he that bore the Shield and Lance of a Knight before him . It is now the next Degree of Honour to the Knight ; and now so much used by Gentlemen , that he who stiles not himself Esquire , is hardly a Gentleman . He bears the Title of Worshipful . And we write to him thus , To the Worshipful J. D. Esquire . Note here , that the same Titles are appliable to the Wives as to the Husbands ; and though the Daughter of an Earl marry an inferior person , yet she doth not lose her Title , which is , Right Honorable . In the writing of familiar Epistles , there are sundry varieties , which ingenuity will easily apply to his occasion . For example , at the beginning of a Letter these Expressions do very often offer themselves . Honour'd Sir. Dear Sir. Dear Friend . Learned Sir. Madam . Dear Lady . Dearest . Joy of my Life . My Heart . Fairest . Delight of my Heart . These Subscriptions also are usual . To great Persons , Your Graces most faithfull and most obedient Servant . Your Honors most faithfull and most obedient Servant . Your Excellencies most humbly devoted Servant Your Worships most faithful Servant . In familiar Letters thus The admirer of your Vertues . Madam , The Honorer Of your Perfection . Madam , The Honorer Of your Vertues . Madam , Adorer Of your Perfection . Madam , Adorer Of your Vertues . Madam , Worshipper Of your Perfection . Madam , Worshipper Of your Vertues . Your most affectionate Friend and Servant . Your assured Friend . Your most obedient Servant . Your most obliged Friend and Servant . ] Your eternally engaged Servant . Your Creature . Your faithful Servant . Yours for ever . Yours to command eternally . Yours while I have life . Yours while I have a being . Your faithful , though contemned Servant . For Superscription ; these Forms may be used . To my much respected Friend . To my much Honored Friend . For my much Valued Friend . For my much esteemed Friend . Friend . For my approved To the truly Noble To the truly Vertuous To the most incomparable Lady . To the fair Hands of To the most accomplisht To the mirror of Perfection To the most lovely ornament of Nature . There is something more to be observed concerning the Dignity of places . For a Knight being made General of an Army , obtains the title of Your Excellency , though but a Lord , Knight , or meaner man by birth . A Lieutenant-General , is Right Honorable , A Major-General , Right Honorable . A Collonel is Honorable , and we give him the title of Your Honor. A Captain is Right worshipful . From a Son to Father , Your most dutiful , and obedient Son. From a Daughter , Your loving and obedient Daughter . From a Husband , Your most affectionate Husband till death . From a Wife , Your faithful and loving Wife till death . From a Servant , Your most obedient and faithful Servant . Forms for the concluding of Letters . BUt whatsoever happen , I shall be no other then , &c. I shall endeavour with the best of my care and industry , whenever you desire the proofs of the obedience of , &c. If it could be perswaded that my absence gave you any disquiet , or that my presence could afford you any service , you should soon perceive by my speedy return how much I am , &c. If I am able to do you service , there wants nothing but that you should command me the imployment ; there being nothing which I more desire than to witness my self continually , &c. There being no man who hath a firmer resolution to render you all the testimonies of a willing service , in the quality of , &c. Let this for the present satisfie you , till I shall meet with some better opportunity , to shew how much I am , &c. The only happiness that I expect is , that I may be able to change my words into effects , that I might shew you how much I am really , &c. I shall now free your patience from reading any more , give me leave only to make this conclusion , that I am and shall be , &c. For every time I reflect upon your great obligations , I am impatient of an opportunity to shew my self ; I cannot pass away the unquiet of my mind by any other way , than by seeking occasions to testifie how much I am , &c. Be pleased to take this for a real truth from him who hath made an Oath to live and die , &c. This is the advice and friendly Counsel of , &c. And I hope there is nothing shall debar me from continuing for the time to come , what hitherto I have been , &c. Neither is there any thing that I would omit whereby I might give you an assurance of fidelity to your Commands , as protesting to live and die , &c. But I desire to testifie to you rather by words than by discourse , how much I am , &c. Sir , I beg you to accept this testimony of my gratitude , and my earnest desires to be , &c. I never reckon up the Catalogue of my friends , but I presently call to mind how much I am obliged to give you this Subscription , &c. My gratitude is as necessary as my being , and I can sooner not be , then not be most truly , &c. For I never think of your favours but it renews the remembrance of my engagements to be , &c. Though I have a very great press and urgency of business at present upon me , yet shall my occasions never be so violent , but that I will have leisure both to be and to tell you , that I am , &c. I shall be contented to be counted ungrateful when I am less , &c. Sir , if you doubt the truth of my service , I beseech you to make use of that absolute power which you have acquired over me , to oblige my endeavours to all manner of proofs , that I am , &c. He pleased as yet to take my bare word till I can give you further testimonies how much I am , &c. Though I am debarr'd your sight , yet I hope I am not envied the happiness of giving you notice , how passionately I am , &c. I will lose my life , rather than my resolution to die , &c. If you knew with what impatience I expect a reply , charity would oblige you to set at rest the disquiet mind of , &c. My resolution is to possess my self always , &c. There is none more interested in your concernments , nor more participates in any satisfaction of yours , than he that is by reason as well as inclination , &c. Could my endeavours take effect , or my vows accomplishment , you should not long reckon me in the number of your unprofitable servants , for I am most assuredly , &c. Sir , I know your high merits , and the nobleness of your condition hath much encreased the number of your servants ; yet I will say this , that though you joyn them altogether , yet they are not so much as I am , &c. You may easily know , without being a Prophet , the dear esteem I have for you , and may believe without any further assurance , that I am , &c. It remains in you to allay the discontent of my mind , by giving me some imployment in your service , which may witness the passion that I have to maintain the quality of , &c. Which obliges me in the midst of mine ill fortune to have recourse to prayers , that you would honour me with your commands , that by my obedience to them you may be forced to believe , &c. Desiring to make you see rather by effects than words , how much I am without complement , &c. I shall give you new proofs thereof by the continuance of my respects , and the title which I desire to bear of , &c. For though you may have a more powerful , yet you never can have a more constant and faithful servant , &c. I shall expect the favour that I may not bear the unprofitable title of , &c. Neither shall I be contented till I have given you full testimonies thereof , as being , &c. Desiring nothing more then to live and die , &c. Though I shall not regard that while it is for your interest , as being one that makes it his publick profession to appear in all places , &c. Only be confident of this , that I am more than any man in the World , &c. For I shall never be capable of apprehending any thing else , but how to testifie my devotion to be , &c. For she participates very much of that passion which I have to serve you , &c. In which list I am bold to write my self , &c. Among all my felicities I count it not the meanest , the liberty which you are pleased to give me of stiling my self , what I most truly am , &c. And find occasions more and more to testifie what I am , and shall ever be , &c. Sir , if you will permit me to imploy my soul thus , you may still enjoy him , who is , &c. I am preparing to forsake all the affairs of the world to entertain you , and testifie how much I am , &c. You know very well that I am but a rude Courtier , but my words carry truth with them , while I affirm , that I am from my soul , &c. To his Mistriss recover'd from an Ague . Madam , YOu may very well admire to receive a Letter from one whom long before this time you might have imagin'd to have been dead : a Patient which the Doctors gave over , and who himself acknowledges no Physick could have cured , but that of your fair presence ; which carried such a soveraignty with it , that my Ague presently left me , and nature in spight of my disease , took strength to her self and rais'd me up in my bed , to make this clear acknowledgment of cure to your Beauty . Madam , I now find my self rid of that distemper , and am perswaded I shall sooner for the future , suffer under the violence of a Feaver , than of a shivering Cold. I could not but express my scars to you , with my thanks , hoping that you will take care to preserve what you have again created . Be pleas'd to interest your affection for my safety , and to defend a thing , whom your goodness hath made so dear to you , as to be ever , Madam , &c. To his retired Mistriss . Lady , YOu carry your eyes like one of those that wear a Veil : not a look of yours but preaches chastity ; and you are so confirm'd in a general contempt of manking , that if Fortune her self should come to present you with a Husband , you would scarce go out of your Closet to meet him in your Chamber . You speak of nothing but Religion and Cloisters , and all your entertainment , is discourse of mortification . Lady , not to dissemble my thoughts to you , I much fear , that a beginning like yours , so full of restraint , will afterwards be followed with a progress of too much liberty ; and instead of the precise demureness that you pretend , some Servant or other will read a new Heresie in your face . I shall not at this time send you studied Oaths or Protestations . I know some Moons must go about before you will acknowledge the error wherein you live . For the present I shall only desire you to take care of your health , if not for your own , yet for the common good of those that love you ; of which number he desires to be the first , who presumes to honour himself with the Title of , Madam , &c. To his Mistriss , being disoblig'd by her . LAdy , I did always expect this favour from your ordinary goodness , that I might promise my self that you would have a little kindness for me ; 't is true that I was pre-inform'd of your humor , but I could hardly believe it ; or that you would disoblige those that shall do you service and friendship . I would not now complain of you , but that I should give you advantage by my silence that I had not discovered the subtleties of your deceit ; which is so malicious , that I have at once stript me both of love and hatred : and I am now impatient , till I have acquainted those that yet profess their service to you , how that of all the Ladies I ever knew , you are the most unworthy of affection . In the mean space I beseech you to believe , that those endeavours which you have employ'd to disoblige me , have absolutely taken away my will and desire to be , Lady &c. To his Mistress , acknowledging the kindness of her Letters . LAdy , I am no less oblig'd to you for your Letters then for your entertainments , & though I have not judgment enough to censure their goodness , I am not so unfortunate , as not to tast of their sweetness ; I must entreat you to belive me , and not to forbear to make me happy with them : You know not but that I may be-come a Ciceronian , being instructed by your eloquent Copies ; which if I cannot reach to my self , I will at least shew them to those , that shall render them excellent by their imitation . For certainly , without flattery , all nature had need put her self into action , to find out your equal . Lady I I do with all seriousness acknowledge , that it is too great an ambition for me , either to stile my self your Scholar , or your Servant . To excuse to his Mistress his too easie believing of false Reports , LAdy , I am impatient till I see you , that I may between your hands abjure all false opinions . Onely be pleas'd so to dispose your self , that you may accept of my recantation . By my last letters , you might perceive that I had let in some false reports had almost poison'd the fair soul of my belief : but as soon as I receiv'd the characters of your hand , and perus'd the simplicity of that naked truth , wherewith you may put my suspicion to flight , I soon came to my self . I was ever confident , whatever false rumour divulg'd , that a person of your noble deportment , knew how to preserve your self in the greatest contagion : and that ye could run no other peril in those adventures , but that of being importun'd . You express in your Letter some weak conjectures concerning me : I perceive we were both tainted with the same imperfection . Lady , such jealousies , though they are dangerous if dispers'd , yet are the greatest confirmations of future love . It was no great matter which of us chang'd our opinion ; It was no great matter which of us chang'd our opinions first . The thick breath is now gone off from the clear Crystal of our then blemish'd affections . I assure you now , that I have suffer'd my self to be perswaded by your Reasons ; as for your Objections , they were not worth the confu●ing . Lady , you see , how easily I am cured of this sickness , being wholly dispos'd to believe and obey you ; and be to the uttermost of my power , Lady , &c. To his Mistriss thanking her for the acceptance of his Service . LAdy , I am now at last in part perswaded , that I have now two the best fortunes that the earth can afford me ; the possession of our virtue , and of your favour . You may say , this language is very fair , and that my friendship speaks like love . I have no other answer to return you , but that as you gain hearts , you have found a way to enter into them , and see what affections they produce . Let me therefore intreat you to behold the violence of devotion ; and since I do entitle you my Goddess , be pleas'd to express your self by the effect of so fair a name , in accepting the heart more than the hand , and prizing the character of my sincerity above the value of my oblation . Certainly I should be the most unfortunate among the living , should you be a severe censurer of my works or words ; in both which there is neither power nor eloquence : but had I the one or the other in a perfect degree , I should never be able to shew you , as I would , the desire that inflames me to serve you , and to be Lady your , &c. To his Mistriss , desiring her Picture . Madam , I Hope that you will not take amiss the Request that I do now make to you ; that you will please to give me your Picture , knowing that I esteem the original more than any thing in the world . That fair Body enliven'd with so much sweetness and perfection , I hold in so great a veneration , that I pant after the shadow thereof . Be pleased therefore to case my impatience by the grant of this favour , assuring your self that I shall place it among the greatest happinesses that could ever befall , Madam , Your most humble Servant . The Reply . Sir , THe request that you make to me , to give me your Picture , is so obliging , that I am constrain'd to give my consent ; not at all wondring that you have before your eyes the Image of a person that admires you so much ; Be pleased to believe this for a truth , in recompence of that favour , which I bestow on you , as also that I shall ever continue to be , Sir , Your most humble Servant . To his Mistriss , desiring a Lock of Hair from her . Madam , YOu need not wonder at that servitude , to which you have reduc'd me ; 't is so pleasing to me , that I do now request from you new chains , by the gift of a Bracelet of your Hair , to tell you how much I shall esteem this favour , your merit or my love are only capable . And as you have the knowledge of my request , so I shall leave you to think of answering my desires , and also of the passion which I have to serve you , being more than ever , Madam , Your most humble and obedient Servant , The Reply . Sir , YOur deserts have wrought so strong a perswasion in me to consent to the favor which you request of me , that I send it you in this Letter ; I shall not impose on you the silence which you ought to keep in this matter , knowing that your discretion hath prevented my commands . It suffices me to put you in mind , that as these are no common favours , they require secresie from those that receive them . I suppose that you will not forget your self in this particular , while you remember that I am , Sir , Your most humble Servant . To his Mistress , an Acknowledgment for being belov'd by her . SHall I pass over in silence , Fairest , so excessive a happiness ? or shall I publish it , to render it more great ? I know my silence will honour it most , but by making it known , I shall render it more glorious ; for in telling it abroad , I shall eternize the memory thereof . Therefore shall my mouth be always open in the extolling of your favour , my mind wholly taken up with thoughts of you , and my soul always admiring its most perfect object , blessing the day of my birth , for being happy in yours . Your Death shall be my Tomb , desiring no other honor or glory while I live , but the title of , Madam , Your most faithful Servant A Lady to her Servant accusing him of Inconstancy . Sir , THey do always tax our sex for being inconstant , but I must now apply that fault to you , I say to you , whose Oaths did give so great a testimony of your fidelity , that I durst not doubt them for fear of injuring my self ; though the wind was always the bearer of your love , and not your love , for that you never had ; so that if I blame my self for having believ'd you , I shall praise my self hereafter for imitating you though with some trouble , that I was not your example ; for it was most reasonable , that I should have preceded you , as being your Mistress , though now Your Servant . To request a Favour from his Mistress . Madam , YOu bestow your favours with so much bounty , that though I am averse to beg them , yet the freeness of your curtesie leaves me no other shame , then that which proceeds from my inability of return . I do not use to value the services which I perform to my friends , but you are pleas'd to put such a rate upon them , that I have no other way left , but to vow thus with all respect , to solicite you as long as I live . Believe me , Madam , you have entertained my service so nobly , that I stand in fear of a propension to make motions to you , and to remain still an importunate Beggar , till I have tir'd you into a necessity of yielding to my Request , Though I confess , could I but gain the advantage of being esteem'd , and beloved by you , it is the highest ●light that my ambition covets . To his long absented Mistress . Madam , I Cannot but deplore my misfortune , that Cameleon like , I live onely on the Idea ; all the support of my frail life having been for this twelve moneths onely from imagination . I protest Lady , those four Letters which I receiv'd quarter after quarter have with much ado kept me alive ; the last you directed to me , being so short , as if you had confin'd me to the extremity of so thin a dyet , that your most despised Lovers might in my pittiful Picture , read to themselves Lectures of consolation . Lady , I know at the best , that absent persons cannot entertain themselves but by Letters , yet by as woful experience I find , that there is but small pleasure to hear thus so far off from one another , as we do . For my part , I cannot but complain , and I think I have more cause than any man living ; you know the reality of this my expression : believe me , you have expos'd me to such extremities , that I am now resolv'd to approach you , and to write no more , but act what I have been accustom'd to protest , how perfectly I can be , Madam , &c. To his Mistriss upon the death of her Brother . LAdy , The continuance of your melancholy having toucht me so far , as to make me partake of your grief , wonder not if you receive these undeserved lines from me , which I hope will wipe away your tears , if you consider him that intreats you to be pitiful to himself ; if not , to his youth . Believe me , Dearest , my sorrows for your self carry more reason with them , then yours for your deceased Brother , which can have no other pretence than custom , and your good nature . Pardon me if I tell you freely , that if you do not decline your grief , I shall abate of the belief I had of your spirit . I know well that the loss of Friends must needs touch us , nor would I remove the sense of mourning , but the error ; not the tribute of tears , but the superfluity of them . For though we must give something to nature , let us not take away all from reason ; neither doth Nature so much as Opinion prevail over in these extreams of sorrow . Believe me , Fair one , sorrow hath plac'd you too near the grave , that should you look in your glass , you would already conceive your self there : for never did tears deal more cruelly with any than your self ; seeing they have mind at once two of the fairest things in the world , the clearness of your disposition and beauty . Judge therefore , whether I have not as much cause to lament with you , as to write to you . At least I hope you will of your subtle thoughts , to consider a little of him , who with tears entreats you to consider of your self , as being Madam , &c. To her Servant accepting his Service , SIR , Since you can so well express your affection to one that needs it , I could not but let you understand how you have prosper'd ; with Justice enough you name your self a Friend , yet in my opinion you might invent some more significant word , though it were to stile your self a Lover ; for you have already given me such real testimonies of your affection , that I dare entertain you in such a quality . I only wait for a favourable occasion , which may for my excuse , witness the dear and glorious marks which you gave me of your love and account of me , and how much I am already , Sir , &c. The Answer . LAdy , I am no longer able to keep my words from letting my heart fall upon this paper : your Letter having won me to you in such a sort , that I have no power over my self but what you leave me ; the joy I have entertain'd from your lines , having not yet restor'd me to my reason ; this may seem strange to you , but I assure you , I find no other reason to be contented to live , but as you are still in the world ; and I am therefore only bound to preserve my self , because you are unwilling to lose me . Your lines sweetly invite me to give you a visit . Fairest , if you will have me to endure your presence , take some more humane form , and appear not in that fulness of splendor , lest I forget what you are , and never cease to do you continual acts of reverence ; and when I should speak to you , should overflow with prayers and thanks ; conceiving that I may have fortune from others , but glory from none but you . Let me intreat you therefore , when I approach your favours , that you would give them out by tale , and distribute them by measure , that he may not be too far transported beyond himself , who is , Lady , &c. From a Lady consenting to her Servants Requests . SIR , I must not wish you good without endeavouring to do it , as far as my weak endeavours will permit me . I have so many affections that I remain unmoveable , so that you may be assur'd , if you can love your self , that you need not to doubt of my endearments to you . Sir , though I cannot be regular in observing complements , I shall never be negligent in necessary duties ; and so often think of you , that you need not to sollicite my thoughts . True friendship is always attended with remembrance , and they that can forget were never truly in love . When we fix upon a worthy object , we should resemble the Covetous , who have no less care to conserve , then to heap up treasure . All that for the present I shall request you is , that you would be more bold to employ me , and think if I want a memory to accomplish your desires , that I am then on my death-bed . This is the assurance you may expect from her , who is Your , &c. To her Servant , resolving not to Marry . SIR , I am not yet in the mind to change the blessedness of my Liberty for the Purgatory of Marriage : you tell me a Wife is the wealth of the mind ; you must except all , all jealousies and dislikes that may happen : Then that she is the welfare of the heart ; 't is so when her youth with beauty , her wit with vertue , have that happy agreement between themselves , so as to command the affections . But Sir , you are not to learn , they have left most of our sex : It were a sin to pry further into their imperfections ; the terms you write on being so extreamly opposite . But if I am not deceived in my reading , the learned express , that they weaken the strength , confound the business of our life , empty the purse , with a thousand other feat qualities , which when I meet you next , you shall be sure to hear of . Till when , wishing you the continuance of that quiet , wherein you boast your self to live , I decline this theame of your wiving Letter till our next visit . I bid you farewell , and rest Your , &c. To his Mistress , Sick. Madam , THough the most fair envy your beauties , and the most perfect your merits , yet are they silenced by your charms ; nay , sickness it self is render'd captive by the puissence of your allurements ; though if it wound you now , it is but with the wounds that you have made ; and doubtless it hath seiz'd on you , hoping that by possession of your fair body , it may both change its name and nature ; so that it is pardonable , both for its love , and for its subtlety . Neither do I believe that it is you , but your rigour that it aims to destroy , be you less cruel , and the disease will asswage ; otherwise you will be in danger of your life . Though doubtless the consideration of destroying so many marvels , will stop his designs . Death oft-times make use of love against us ; so that he will have a care of your life , as of his keenest weapon wherewith he brings us men under his command , making us willing to yield to his stroak , as the refuge of that misery into which your cruelty oft-times throws us . This I know by experience , as being your Slave . To his Mistriss , despairing of her Favour , though unjustly offended against her . Madam , WHat avails it you to make me feel your Thorns when I have gather'd your Flower . Why do you blame in words , him whom you have honour'd in effects and blame him without cause , who cannot praise you but unjustly ; Moderate your severity , seeing that it offends you more then it hurts me . I have protested a thousand times that I never was faulty , as you thought me ; though it was to no purpose , you believing otherwise . It suffices for my satisfaction , that I know the truth , and that I have essay'd , all the ways in the world to make you understand it , though in vain . Adieu most fair but yet too cruel , if you leave me triumphing over the most worthy subject in the world , I leave you vanquish'd by a more faithful Lover . A Letter of Consolation to a Mistress , upon the death of her Servant . Madam , I Believe that if you have been the last who have understood the death of your Servant , that you will be one of the first , and indeed the onely person , who will in your soul celebrate the sad remembrance of him , a much longer time than any of his Friends : not that his merit doth oblige you , for I well know that all merit loses its esteem in your presence , being so perfect as you are ; nor your Piety , though it be a thing natural to you with your other vertues ; but only his love , and constancy , as being both equally incomparable . Neither do I believe , that either of these do oblige you at all , for though his love were very great , that could not be otherwise , seeing you were his object , no more than his constancy whatever it were ; so that to say the truth , I know not what can urge you to bewail his loss , unless it be the goodness of your inclinations , being as mild and sweet as you are , fair , and consequently full of Piety . I should weep my self , for having the least thought to condemn your tears , yet give me leave to believe , that when you remember that the fires proceeding from your eyes did help to consume his life , it would make them weep for sorrow . Now what punishment will you impose upon your Beauty , if there be nothing in you that hath partaken of the millions of pains which he hath endured for your sake : Certainly you ought to suffer Shipwrack in the Sea of your tears , unless the God of Love have need of you for one of his Altars . Since you are the only Idol , to whom all mortals will present the sacrifices of their Servitude . And as for my self , who have undertaken to succeed to the merits and constancy of your deceased Servant , I will not give assurances in words , for deeds themselves shall always be my sureties . Dry up your tears , stop your sighs . I summon you to this duty , in the behalf of Reason it self , knowing that his Commands are to be obey'd . Madam , when I first put Pen to Paper , I had a design to comfort you , but knowing the greatness of your resolution against all sorts of accidents , I chang'd my intention , to assure you of the love and servitude that I have vow'd to you , under the title of , Madam , Your most humble Servant . Letters . SIR , I Know 't is to 〈◊〉 purpose to dispute of Civilities with you , 〈◊〉 li●● in the light of the world , and are so well stor'd with the best words to express them . I know too well that the excellency that dwells in you , begets at the same time desires to preserve , as well as to acquire your favour . I have but one grief , that I have not Soul enough to judge of those perfections that dwell in you , which though I can never attain rightly to conceive , yet I am confident , no man can honour them more , so that should you call me your Idolater , you could not strain a word that could so rightly , as that , express my respects toward you . Sir , Complements are very rare with me , and therefore I request you to believe me , when I say , that they must be very strong cords and dangerous commandments that shall remove me from your service ; I know I can never deserve such violent proofs of my obedience : it shall suffice me that I doubt not of your love , as being , Sir , Your most devoted Servant . To his Absent Friend . SIR , IF I thought Fortune could be so much our Friend , I should request her to make us inseparable , that I might be no more oblig'd thus to write ; since the entertainments that distant friends do give and take by Letters , is but a picture of those between persons presents : for to say the truth , a Letter is but a Copy of that , which makes us more curious of the original ; a Glass that shadows to us stronger desires to enjoy the person that is absent . The very lines I receive from you , carrying with them the effects of joy to hear from you , and of a passion to be more near you that I might not still be forc'd to write that to you , which I would willingly protest ; and find occasions more and more to testifie what I am , and ever shall be . To his Friend complaining of Neglect . SIR , THE Friendship which you have promised me , and the service which you have protested to me , force me now to demand the reason of your silence . I question not but that you will want no excuse to plead for your self : But I entreat you to believe , that unless they be very lawful , I shall not cease to complain of you . You do well to lay the fault sometimes upon your urgent occasions , sometimes upon the indisposition of your body : but all this is no satisfaction to me . Confess but your fault , crave pardon , and you shall have it presently granted . This is the way to preserve eternally the friendship of Your most humble Servant . The Answer . SIR , YOu do me so great a favour in complaining of me , that I am constrained to give you thanks , instead of taking the least offence at you . This is not because I want excuses to authorize my silence , but the interest that you have in me , which makes me to condemn my self , resolving hence forward , that you shall rather complain of my importunity then of my sloathfulness . Which is the protestatiom of Sir , Your most humble Servant . Return of Thanks . SIR , I Protest that you have obliged me with a Favour , and that so perfectly , that I must be your Debtor all the dayes of my life . I wish that an opportunity would offer it self for you , to employ me in your service , that I might testifie to you , that since your favours are so extreamly high , there is no extremity which I would not undergo to requite them . This is no complemental discourse , my heart dictates to my Pen all that which I write to you , assuring you once more , that I will long bear in vain the title of Your most humble Servant . The Answer . SIR , I must complain of the excess of your civilities and curtesies , since our interest consists in a reciprocal friendship . You thank me for curtesies receiv'd from me , as if I were not oblig'd to do them , accustom not your self to such kind of Phrase , and believe that the Language of Complements is unknown to friends . I am in the number of them , and moreover , Your most humble Servant . To desire a Curtesie . SIR , The same of your generosity , hath given me the boldness to require a ●avour from you , to disintangle me from a business , the success whereof depends much upon your authority . 'T is true , that I never had the honor to be acquainted with you . But though this be my particular unhappiness , I hope that you will not make any excuse to refuse me the Curtesie which I desire from you , not doubting but that in some other matter I may have the honour to make my self known to you , rather by my services then by my name , since your descent obliges me to remain , Sir , Your most humble Servant . The Answer . SIR , I have done all what you required of me , with a great deal of satisfaction , and little trouble . Prepare your self to impose commands upon me , that you may not let the passion which I have to serve you lie idle , and you shall discern by my obedience , that I take delight in nothing more , then in making my self appear in all places . Sir , Your most humble Servant . On the same Subject . SIR , ALthough I am the most unprofitable of all your Friends , yet am I none of the least willing to serve you , and from thence I take the liberty to desire you ; to give me a meeting . All that I can say for the first acknowledgement of this favour , is , that I shall eternally remember this savour ; and that if I cannot meet with any opportunity to requite so great a kindness , I shall bear my sorrow for it to my grave , together with the title of , Your most loyal Servant . The Answer . SIR , WHen you desire any service from me , I entreat you to consider whether it be in my power to perform it : that I may be more bold to encounter the blame which my unhappiness obliges you to lay upon me . You shall command , when you please other proofs of my willingness to serve you , desiring nothing more then the title of , Sir , Your most humble Servant . To congratulate the good Fortune of his Friend . SIR , IF you know how acceptable the news of your good fortune is to me , you would not doubt , but that the joy which surprises me for the same , is equal to yours . Truly I cannot add any thing to it : since it proceeds from the friendship which I have vow'd to you , which is not common since your merit is the object . I would tell you more , if the excess of my joy would give me liberty . It suffices me to assure you , that my content cannot equal the passion which I have to serve you , as being , Sir , Your most humble Servant . The Answer . SIR , I Did always believe that you were of so generous a spirit , that you participate in my concernments ; But I perswade my self at the same instant of time , that you doubt not of my willingness to serve you , that I may in some measure merit the effects of your noble disposition . This I am urg'd to , not being able further to requite the continual proofs , which you give me of your good will towards me . I entreat you to esteem this for an undenyable truth , as being from my heart and soul. Sir , Your most faithful Servant . To his Accomplish'd Friend . SIR , If I have hope to be known to after ages , it must be by the honour of your acquaintance ; Your reputation at this time , being so just and so general , that 't is become a verity wherein the Wise agree with the Vulgar . Pardon me Sir , if I presume thus to prevent your command , by this early showing you my ready inclination to obey them : But I am content that you should give it what name you please , provided you judge well of the effects of my duty , and do me the honor to believe that I am , Your , &c. To his Learned Friend . SIR , All the riches both of Nature and Art dwell in you , and are of such force , that I acknowledge my inclinations to serve you , carry with them immortal reason ; your discourse being so grave , and soild that they cannot be sufficiently listen'd to , for the edification of men that have seen four ages . And for your Letters , in what stile soever you write them They are always pleasing , if not , most admirably profitable ; as if your Spirit had been employ'd from your youth , in perswading of Princes , or instructing of Embassadours . When your Lines are serious , they strain not ; when familiar , they are without neglect : like beauties that appear in all fashions , yet allure , whether neatly drest , or carelesly plain . Pardon me Sir , if I lay open my naked soul before you in this simplicity of my acknowledegments , you having so absolutely purchast both my thoughts and affections , that I must need ingenuously confess , that I have nothing left , but to assure you Sir how much I am , Your &c. To his Friend at Court. SIR , YOU seem to have so persum'd your self with the sweetness of the Court , that you cannot admit of the profaneness of a Village . Such a rudeness is the errand this Letter carries with it ; but be pleas'd to accept of it , as you know the keight of my ambition is bounded in such rural presents ; neither should I dare to presume thus , were I not perswaded that you allow me this liberty , which otherwise I should never take . But I am confident you delight to gratifie me , and to do me thè same good that I wish to you . If you desire to know the cause of such extraordinary boldness in me , I beseech you to believe there is no other , then the great affection I have to serve you , and to be , Sir , &c. To his Friend , upon the renewing of their Correspondence . SIR , To be separated from a man so dear to me as your self I do believe I could not live in the fortunate Islands , and having till I embrace you no other way of traffick but by Letters , I am extreamly angry with my self , that you have prevented me in returning our old correspondence . Though I must acknowledge there is some justice in it , for since you were the first that broke it , 't was fit you should be the first to reestablish it : I write thus of the honour of your favour ; assuring you notwithstanding that I could no way deserve it . Therefore Sir , give me leave to beg your pardon for my neglect , if I were guilty , which I shall never be in any thing that concerns you : and to make it more clear to you , I never ceas'd to honour you ; but onely not to express it , was like a secret fire not quench'd but cover'd , which became the more violent when it had less liberty to appear ; Wherefore Sir , be confident , that I shall make you see upon all occasions , for what is just that I will never be less then I am Your , &c. A Familar Return of Thanks . SIR , THis negligence of my stile be pleas'd to esteem one of the marks of friendship between us . Gratitude is one of a poor mans vertues . This is the best Rhetorick you could expect in so few Lines ; and so I would renounce the world , and all its promises , if a mortal could do so , to express my self but truly thankful to you for your exquisite favours . The expedition of this messenger would permit me no further at this time , but onely to set my hand to this protestation , that I love you exceedingly , that I honour you , and am as much as any man can be in the world , Your , &c. To his Friend , inviting him into the Country . SIR , I will not send you studied complements , I know you are born in a Country of good words ; I am here among Thorns and Thistles , among people that are naturally affected with dulness , and dream in the best company , such as can give no other reason for their silence , but that they are entreated not to speak ; in so much , that you may walk our Village , and hear nothing but whistling ; and which is a miracle , our Coridons are here arrived to such a height of wilful ignorance , as if they held their Lands by no other Tenure , but that of never speaking to the purpose . I should be quite out of heart , if I had not your promise to relie on , that you will suddenly give me a visit , to witness what I am like to suffer this long vacation , except I enjoy your company ; I wait for you as for a blessing , and if you come not hither next week , I proclaim to you , that I am no longer , Your , &c. To his sick Friend . SIR , The news of your sickness hath so alter'd my health , that I may count my self a sharer in your misfortunes . Really it hath so much griev'd me , that the sorrow which I sustain , is more then the fever which you endure . Do you therefore take courage , if you will that I should be in good health . You know how much I am interested in your concernments . In a word , I assure you , that if you do not quit your bed , I shall be forc'd to betake my self to mine . These are the absolute protests of , Sir , Your , &c. A Letter of Resolution . WHY thus in Cynthia's sports do you delight , And take from Loves all their due and right ; Yield brightest , and his sweetest pleasures try , Whose fires in funeral flames can onely die . May I not live , if all things plead not sin ; I wonder what strange sear doth keep thee in . Though with Diana thou dost seem to vie , Trust me , thy face doth give thy words the lie ; More sit for Venus thou then her wilt prove , There 's no Religion , sweet , but that of Love. Were the Gods kinde , and to my love agreed , With eyes unwilling thou these Lines should read . When shall I thee embrace intranc't , and lie Languishing wrapt in Loves sweet extasie . If Arts will not avail , then Arms I le move , And so my longing besome force thy love , Yet us Loves warfare better will become . Soft breathings best please love , not the sierce Drum ; If that thou wilt I can more gentle be , Lay shame aside , and yield thy self to me : Either thy self into my arms resign , Or I must fall , for I have vow'd thee mine . To his Mistress , desiring Enjoyment . TEll me cruel fair one , why , When I ask you still deny ; You thereby unkind do prove , Both to Nature and to Love ; Nature when she gave that eye , That hand , that lip , that majesty : Surely then she did not mean , Here riches should be onely seen , And not enjoy'd ; were not each sense A Sharer of your excellence ? Shee 'd wrong her self , and so destroy Mankind by making you so coy . Oh then yield , and let me find That y' are thankful if not kind ; Cupid in your bosomes snow , Losing his Shaft , unbent his Bow ; And woo'd his Mother , since he shot So long and wounded not . Your eyes henceforth might be his Darts , With which he slew so many hearts , She did ; but with all gave you skill To heal again , as well as kill ; She gave your eyes power to enflame A breath with all to cool the same ; You are just to use that breath , To be a Sentencer of death ; Nay , you are impious , if you are Less merciful then you are fair : And by denying needs must grant , That you are proud or ignorant . Where Women truly know their price , 'T is pride not vertue makes them nice . Let us Lucinda henceforth twine With close embraces . Let us joyn Lip unto lip , and reap the pleasure Of true Lovers without measure ; Till our Loves are by wonder grown From two bodies into one . Yield Lucinda thy consent , That from our true and just content ; Others may a perfect rule obtain How they should love , how be belov'd again . Thus she striveth to indite , That can love but cannot write . In every Line , here may'st thou understand , That Love hath sign'd and sealed with his hand . These cannot blush although thou dost refuse them ; Nor will reply , however you shall use them . O modesty ! dist thou not me restrain ? How would I chide thee in this angry vain ? Pardon me dear if I offend in this , With such delays my love impatient is . I needs must write till time my saith approve , And then I le cease but never cease to love . Tears , thou know'st well my heart cannot abide ; How I am angry when I least do chide : Too well thou know'st what my creation made me ; And nature too well taught thee to invade me . Thou know'st too well , how , what and when , and where , To write , to speak , to sue , and to forbear ; By signes , by sighs , by motions , and by tears , When vowes should serve , when oaths , when smiles , when prayers . If any natural blemish blot my face , Thou dost protest it gives my beauty grace ; And that attire I 'me used most to wear , That 's the most excellent of all you swear . Or if I wake , or sleep , or stand , or lie , I must resemble some one Deity . But Sweet Diana what strange fears have I , That am confirm'd how men can swear and lie ? As with an ague I do shiver still , Since to this paper first I set my quill . What blots so e're thou seest , my tears did make ; And yet these tears do weight of words partake . If I do erre , you know our sex is weak , Fear proves a fault when Maids are forc'd to speak . Could I my soul into thy brest convey , It might like purity to thine display . I should not then come short of any trick , Which makes thee prettily appear love sick ; But all my thoughts are innocent and meek , As the chaste blushes on my Virgin cheek : For till this blush , I never did espy The nakedness of an immodesty . Disguise not love , but give thy self to me , I cannot write , but I could die for thee , A Letter from a Lady with Child . WHen thou dost see my Letter , dost thou know Whether 't is my right hands Character or no ? Why should I write , I feel a present fear , That I must write more then a Maid should dare . Oh! should I make it to my mother known , Needs must it make m'asham'd what thou hast done . No outward symptome shews my grief , yet I , Wretched , past help of any medecine lie . Think but how weak I am , when I scarce these Can write , or turn me in my bed with ease ; How I do fear lest that my Nurse should spie One Letter interchangeing coloque . Then hastily I leave my words half fram'd , My Letter straight is in my bosome cramm'd ; The name of Marriage with shame abash't , My pale wan cheeks with glowing blushes quash't . Fond man what glory hast thou won , Or praise , a Virgin thus to have undone ? As once an Apple did Atlanta seize , Th' art now become a new Hippomanes . O be not angry quiver-bearing Maid , That I 'me loves patiently by youth betray'd ; 'T is now too late , let thy rage be exil'd , And spare the Mother of , but for the Child . He had a face and years too fit for play , A treacherous face that stole my heart away . Who whil'st I sung for Love is all things mind , Upon my amorous lips did kisses bind Both them , and each part else did please him well ; But chiefly when to loves choice sports , he fell ; But whither hath my Pen transported me , Thus to discourse to th' Queen of chastity . Sweet Sir. You sware by these same brests of mine To me , and by thrice three Maids Divine , You 'd celebrate the Himeneal rites , And in my arms spend all your youthful nights . This was a Language you were us'd to say When we were acting our delicious play ; And when of me your last leave you had took , You sware an oath upon my lips , your book , That you would back return with winged speed To save my name from scandal of the deed ; With patience Sir your coming I attend , Until you come receive these Lines I send . A Perswasive Letter to his Mistress . SWeetest , but read what silent Love hath writ With thy fair eyes , tast but of Loves fine wit , Be not self will'd ; for thou art much too fair , For death to triumph o're without a● heir ; Thy unus'd beauty , must be tomb'd with thee , Which us'd , lives thy Executour to be ; The Flowers distill'd , though they with Winter meet Lose but their show , their substance still is sweet . Nature made thee her seal , she meant thereby : Thou shouldst Print more , not let the Copie die ; What , hast thou vow'd an aged Maid to die ? Be not a fool ; Lovers may swear and lie . Forswear thy self , thou wilt be far more wise To break an oath then lose a Paradise . For in the midst of all Loves pure protesting , All Faith , all Oaths , all Vows should be but jesting : What is so fair that hath no little spot ; Come , come thou mayest be false yet know'st it not . I wish to you , what hath been wish'd by others , For some fair Maids by me would have been Mothers ; Pardon me not , for I confess no error ; Cast not upon these Lines a look of terror , Nor vainly Lady think your beauty sought For these instructions are by Loves self wrought ; Venus her self my Pen to this theam led , And gives thee freely to my longing bed . I saw thee in my thoughts fair beauteous Dame When I beheld the eyes of fame I lov'd thee , ere I saw thee long ago , Before my eyes did view that glorious Shew . Imagin not your face doth now delight me , Since seen , that unseen did invite me . Believe me , for I speak but what 's most true , Too sparingly the world hath spoke of you ; Fame that hath undertook your worth to blaze , Plai'd but the envious Huswise in your praise ; 'T is I will raise thy name , and set thee forth , Enjoy thy riches , glorifie thy worth ; Nor with vain scribling longer vex my head To fancy love , but leap into thy bed . Best Wishes from a Lady . Most worthy SIR , Unto your Noble blood 'T IS no adition to think you good , For your demeanor bears that equal part Y' have won the love , not envie of the Court ; Having observ'd the forms and laws of state ; Gaining mens emulation not their hate . With such a noble temper you divide The difference 'twixt formality and pride ; Thus your indifferent actions are as far From being too common , as too singular . Whilst in your nature those two Suns arise , The attributes of beautiful and wise . Give me now leave , to wish that you may be As clear from others envy , as y' are free From the desert . But here I must not cease , May no rude chance invade your blessed peace To your chast thoughts , I wish as chast a mate Blest in her dower , in beauty fortunate . May all the happiness Heaven can confer , Be acted on your lives fair Theater . And may I live to see you thus possest Of these good wishes , that flow from the best Of your most entire Servant . A Letter of Acceptance from his Mistress . I am not angry , wo can angry be With him that loves a Mistress ? Love is free ; But you have further aim , and seek to do , What Jove defend , I should consent unto . I know that too much trust hath damag'd such As have believed me in their love too much . Leda when she ne're dreamt of God nor Man , Jove did surprize her , shaped like a Swan . But you 'r a Wag , I 'me certain by the signes You make at Table in the meats and wines ; How you can wanton , when your eye advances It's brightness against mine , darting sweet glances ; How you can sigh , yet by and by can grace With an angelick smile , your cunning face ? You are too manifest a Lover . Tush , At such known sleights I could not chuse but blush . Yet am I not incenst , couldst thou but be As loyal , as th' art amorous to me In the loves just ways ; for if thou seekst to climb , My wisht for bed , at the appointed time ; When Saffron Hymen hath concluded quite Such covenants as belong to th'nuptial rite ; I shall inter pret kindly every sign , And moralize them in my being thine , Taffy to his Mistress . MOdest Shentle , when her but see The great laugh her made on me , And fine wink that her send To her , came to see her friend ; Her could not shuse py Cot apove , But he was intangle in her love ; A hundred ofttimes her was about , To speak to her , and have her out : But her peeing a Welsh man porn , And therefore was thank her would her scorn ; Was fear , put think nothing better , Then put her love into a Letter ; Hoping her will not ceptions take Upon her love , for Country sake . For say her be Wilsh man , what ten By Cot they all be Shentlemen ; Was descend from Shoves none Line , Par humane , and par divine ; And from Venus that fair Coddes , And twenty other shentle Poddies . Hector stout , and comely Paris , Arthur , Prute , and King of Fairies , Was her none Cosin , all a kin , We have the Powels issue in . And for ought that her can see , As cood men as other men pee ; But what of that , Love is a knave , Was make her do what her would have ; Was compel her to write the rhime , That ne're was write before this time ; And if she will not pitty her pain , As Cot shudge her soul shall ne're write again . For Love is like an ague fit , Was bring poor Welsh-men out of her wit , Till by her answer her do know , Whether her do love or no. Her has not pin in England long , And con no speak the English tongue , Put her is her friend and so her will prove ; Pray send her word if her can love . Superscription for the Drolling-Letters . TO the most gracious Queen of my Soul. To the most illustrious Princess of my Heart . To the Countess Dowager of my Affections . To the Lady of my Conceptions . To the Baroness of My Words and Actions . To the Spring-Garden of all pleasure and delight . To the Peerles Paragon of Exquisite Formosity . To the chief of my Heart and Affections . To the Empress of my thoughts . To the Lady , and Mistress of my thoughts and service . To the Lilly-white-hands of my Angelical Mistress , These present . To the Compleat Mirrour of Beauty and Perfection . To the ninth Wonder of the World. To the most Accomplish'd Work of Nature , and the Astonishment of all Eyes . To the Fair Murdress of my Soul To the Rose of pure Delight . To the Choise Nutmeg of Sweetest Consolation . To the most Flourishing Bud of Honour . To His Most Sacred Angel , Mistress &c. To Her who is Day without Night , a Sun full of Shade , a Shade full of Light , Mistress , &c. To the Atlas of her best Thoughts and Affections , Her Dearly beloved M. L. Broom-man in SOUTHWARK , These . Subscriptions . MAdam , Your Gally , Gally , Gally-Slave , Madam , Your Always burning Salamander . Madam , Your Continual Martyr . Madam , Your poor Worm , that must of necessity die , if trod upon by the foot of your disdain . Madam . Your Captive , willingly fetter'd in the Chains of your beauty . Madam , The Vassal of your Severest Frowns . Madam , The Most Loyal Subject to Your Imperial Power . MOCK LETTERS And Drolling Letters . A Souldier to his Mistress . Madam , I Have now left the bloody Banners of Mars to follow Cupids Ensigns . Though I must now confess , the latter to be the severer service : for under the one we onely get broken Pates , under the other wonded Hearts . There we have pay and plunder , here we have neither . But from whence arises all my trouble ? 't is from you Madam , who like Jone of Arquez are risen up to terrifie me in the midst of all my conquests . For alas ! the assaults of your eyes have so alarum'd my brest , that it is in vain for me to think of reposing by day , or sleeping by night : Oh! that you would make an end of the War , and come and take me in my own Quarters . Otherwise I must be compell'd to bring my scaling ladders to force that Lathemhouse of Beauty , which is your fair body , to free my self from the hourly incursions , that your perfections make upon my soul. But why do I rage ? Deliver it by fair means . By the Nails of Jupiter of you will not delay to do it , I swear there is no man shall venture his life further to defend you from the Batteries of lying fame or injurious slander . And more then that , you shall find me the most faithful Knight that ever smote terrible Gyant for fair Ladies sake , A Pedagogue to his Mistress . Most Dear Star , KNow you not that you are already mounted above the Horizon of Accomplish'd . Nihil verius est . There is nothing more true . And being thus the Miracle of your Perfections , and the perfection of your Miracles , with a soft violence ye have wounded my bleeding soul. Foemineo teneri tribuuntur . The Feminine gender is very troublesome ; But O Damsel ! as fair as you are cruel , and as cruel as you are fair , do not resemble that treacherous Emperour Nero , who took pleasure to see the City of Rome on fire . O! do not from the turret of your merits , with delight , behold not onely the Suburbs , but even the City of my Heart to burn , with all the Churches in it , that I have dedicated to your honour . For I can assure you more fair then Venus , then Venus of Cyprus , as the Grammar hath it , Creta , Brittannia , Cyprus , Great Britain and Cyprus ; that whatever Oration or Sillogism , poor , miserable , and passive , I can make by way of special demonstration is onely to shew and acknowledge how much I am your superlative servant , per omnes casus , in all cases . A Cockney to his Mistress My Dear Peggie , I Have here sent thee these Lines writ with my tears , and a little blacking that our Maid rubs my Fathers Shoes with , that I may unload a whole Cart-load of grief into the Ware-house of thy bosome . Truly Peggie , I think I shall die , for I can neither eat , nor drink , nor sleep , nor wake . Nothing that my Mother can buy , either in Cheap-side or Newgate-Market will go down with me ; yet , you know my mother 's as pretty a H●swife as any in the Town . She seeing me look as pale as the Linen in Moor-fields , and moping in the Chimney corner , bid the Maid fetch me a Cap , and ask'd me if I would have any Sugar sops . But I cry'd no , I 'de have Peggie , with that she jeer'd me , saying , What are you love-sick Tom ? And then I I cry'd , and made a noise like a C●● upon the Tiles . But let all the world say what they will , I will pout and be sick , and my Father and Mother shall lose their eldest Son , but I le have Peggie , that I will. I beseech thee not to omit any occasion of writting to me , that since I cannot kiss thy hand , I may kiss the Letters that thy hand did write . The Bearer hereof is our Cook-maid , one that pitties my condition , and is very trusty : I have therefore engag'd her to call and see thee every time she goes to Market . My Mothers Rings are all close lockt up , else I would steal one to send it thee : however , I intreat thee to accept of the good will for the deed , and to take in good part the endeavours of thy most faithful Servant . Postscript As I was going to seal , my Father came in , taken suddenly and desperately ill . The Physicians were sent for , and by their whispering , assure me that he cannot live ; assoon as he is dead I shall not fail to visit thee , and make sure work between us . A Sea-man to his delight in Wapping . Kind if not unkind Susan . HAving read in a Ballad , how that a Woman is compared to a Ship , it made me to conceive no small reason , for a Sea-mutual love between us . Since it is most certain that a Sea-man cannot be without a Ship , nor , a Ship without a Sea-man , do not therefore shipwrack my good intentions in their first Voyage to thee . Alas ! for thou hast no reason to despise me , because my Cloathes are besmear'd with Pitch and Tar , knowing that I shall stick the faster to thee . I must confess I have cast Anchor in the Harbour of thy Love , do not cut the Cable of my Affections , lest I am adrist into a Sea of misery ; and where the Waves of des●air encreas'd by the North-wind of thy disdain , shall dash out my brains against the Rocks of Misfortune . ●l●●nce , I am in already , neither is it in my tower to help my self . O Susan , Susan , Susan ! receive my floating soul into the Cock-boat of thy heart , that thy poor Richard may not die , but live to recompence thee the Preserver of his life . A Hector to his Mistress . Most Illustrious Queen of Beauty , BY the heard of Achilles my affections groan for you ; Your perfections have trapand me : For when I had the honour to smell your odoriferous breath , me thought it pleas'd me better then the sent of the best Spanish Tobacco . And when I kiss'd your vermillion lips , I suck'd Canary from them . Now Lady , your Sack and Tobacco are the two strings to the bowe of a mans life ; Oh , thou that art the third string to the bowe of my life ! bind thy self about my waste , that I may be thy Oak , and thou my Ivy ; or else that I may bear thee up and down the Town like the Fellow that carries his Brother in his belly . Destroy not him that both can and will destroy millions for thy sake . But be my Aqua Coelestis , my Castle of strong water , to defend from the Batteries of misfortune , the drooping spirits of thy dejected Slave . A Lawyer to his Young Mistress . Madam , THis Indenture made the thirteenth day of April , in the year , One thousand six hundred fifty six , Witnesseth , that I John a Stiles of Long Acre in the County of Bedford , Gent. am a person of credit and reputation . Hoping therefore that you are in good health , as I am at the writing hereof . These are to certifie you that I am sick at the very heart for love of you . The Judge thinks me mad , for when I should plead , I fall 〈◊〉 courting of him , telling him he is the Star of my affections , and that unless he will marry me , I shall be undone . My Clients also leave me , for while I peruse their papers , they hearing me sigh so cruelly , begin to despair of their Cause , and go away in discontent , without giving their fees . But all this , my pretty Darling , may be help'd by thee . Deigne therefore to bargain , sell , and to farm let , that fair Tenement of Beauty , which is thy self , unto him , that cares not what he gives for the purchase ; together with the hands , legs , arms , fingers , toes , hair , eyes head , thighs , belly , water courses , eas 〈…〉 ents , commodities , and appurtenances whatsoever , to the foresaid Tenement belonging . That I may have , hold , occupy , and enjoy them for the term of years wherein thou shalt live ; at the expiring thereof fully to be compleat and ended . And I on the other part do promise and grant , to , and with thee my foresaid pretty Darling , to be thy old Fool , thy doting Fool , and to give thee all that I have for a Joynture . And further , that thou shalt live in the Countrey , and cuckold me , all' the Term-time , and come up every year after Easter to buy thee Pins , Gloves and Ribbands , and a new Gown . In witness whereof I have hereunto set my Hand and Seal the Day and Year first above-written . A Passionate Love Letter . LOve having taken your Beauties for Arms , had long since laid siege to my Liberty , which was retreated within the Fort of my Reason , when without putting himself to the trouble of a Scalado , he is fled into my Eyes , and is by that way entred into my Heart , as a Robber breaks into a house through the windows . The sufferings I am in through his means are very violent , but being at length appeased , he hath sworn to me that the remedy lay in your power ; and that all I had to do , was to write to you of it : But seeing me a Secretary very ill furnish'd with the necessaries of my profession , he took a Quill out of his own wing , and made me a pen with the point of his dart ; he hath given me paper made of his old Headbands by a celestial paper-maker ; he took the coals of my heart which was half burnt , and having beaten them to powder , he mingled them with my tears , and thereof hath furnished me with ink , with which I have written to you ; and for to dry the writing , he cast the ashes of those coals upon it . He gave me waxout of his torch to seal it , and cut off a little peice of the string of his bowe for me to binde withall . And now fair Lady consider , if having assisted me thus far so favourably , he may not with as little difficulty , furnish me with all his arrows for to wound you , and make you sick of the same disease , as he is , who terms himself , Your Slave . The Mountebank's Letter to the Chyrurgeons . Gentlemen , HAving had continual and daily experience in several parts for many years together , in the cure of the French Disease , with as good success as mine own heart could wish ; and now at length desiring to shew my self a profitable member of this Commonwealth and City wherein I abide , I could not chuse but write to you , by way of advice , seeing so many errors among you , tending all to the destruction of the Patient . In the first place , I counsel thee O man or woman , who ere thou ar● , that dost profess the cure of Venereal Distempers , to avoid that common fault among all the Professors thereof , which is Coveteousness . For if a young man or a young woman hath by chance got a Clap , and is willing to give all he hath , rather then to endure the disease long , wilt thou be so base and sordid , to make his or her earnest desire to be the cause of thy exaction . Assure thy self that money got by such exaction , will be a worm to consume that part of thy Estate which thou hast honestly got . In the next place , be not too inquisitive of any Patient who he is , and where he dwells ; for if he have not a mind to tell thee , what hast thou to do to enquire any thing concerning him ? Thirdly , judge not rashly of him , as who should say , you have been lying with a Wench ; for you cannot but know that there are many ways of getting Claps beside that one ; as by drinking with the party , lying in a hot bed with him , sitting upon a close-stool after him ; as also by lifting , riding , or any other manner of straining . Then let every Patient receive his cure with all privacy . And lastly , do not flatter me daily with any patient whatsoever . This is the part which ye have to act upon the Theatre of this world , which , if thou dost not justly perform , consider , I say , consider , that you must make your exits into Stoves and Sweating-tubs , much hotter then those with which you ever afflicted your patients withall , being on earth . Heaven direct your course , that you may be neither Cheaters , Imposters , nor Cozeners , as most are who profess the cure of Venereal Distempers ; but that ye may be in this , as well as in all your other actions , faithful and honest ; which is the daily wish of Your Friend and Servant . A Broom-man in Kent-street , to a young Lay of quality , whom he fell in Love withall , beholding her in a Belcony . Madam , AND by that word you may know I am no zuch Clown as you may take me for , in good sooth law now , your fair face hath wounded me to the very hart , so that I would give all the old Shoes in my Sack to enjoy the happiness of your sweet company . I know that Ladies love variety , so that I am bold to think it would be no small recreation to you , when you have been glutted with the company of your silk and satten Gallants , to converse two or three hours with a ta●terd Broom-man . I have heard in some Ballads , how the Gods did condescend to come upon the earth , and dine with poor people ; much less therefore should you being but a mortal Lady , disdain to eat a peice of bread and cheese , now and then , with a sorry Broom-man . There is a Proverb that tells the Gentlemen , that Jone is as good as my Lady in the dark : and why should there not be another Proverb to tell the Gentlewomen , That Tom is as good as my Lord in the dark . I do not want examples to tell you , how that the Queen of Fairies married a Tinker , and of several Ladies that have married their Gentlemen Ushers , others their Fathers Grooms , and others their Butlers . Now I believe my self not inferiour to any of those . As for what you , as a Woman , can expect from a man , I know my self sufficiently able , of which I have sent you a Certificate , signed with the Marks of most of the pretty Lasses in this street ; neither do I doubt of the continuance thereof , unless your hard heart do consume my marrow with grief and anguish of mind ; do not therefore kill me , who though I am but a Broom-man , dare swear my self as faithful a Servant to you , as any man in England , Scotland , France or Ireland . Pray send me word by this Bearer , for I stay within in great perplexity , and cannot stir abroad with my Ware till I hear your Answer . The Ladies Answer Gentle Broom-man , I Understand the great affection which thou hast signified to me in thy Letter . For which I give thee ten millions of thanks . Truly thy eloquent expression , and pat examples have begot so great an affection toward thee , that the smoak of all the Shoes thou hast in thy Ware-house , were they on fire , is not able to smother the flames which thou hast kindled in my heart . I shall not come to thee in my Coach , lest it should draw out all the Wenches in the street to stare upon our private affections . But if thou wilt make haste home from crying thy Ware about the streets , I shall not fail to meet thee at the Wool-sack in Kent-street , by six a clock to morrow night , where I doubt not but that I shall be able to give thee sufficient testimonies of my humility , and affable nature . In the mean time , I have sent thee a Flanders-lace Band , and a Diamond Ring , to wear for my sake . Wash thy feet , and put some sweet powder in thy hair , and be confident in so doing , thou wilt render thy self most acceptable to thy Endeared Friend and Servant . A Country Parson to a rich Farmers Daughter in the same Village . Kind Mistress Dorothy , THE Parson of this Parish doth send thee greeting in these Lines . For verily last Sunday as I was preaching , thou didst dart from thy eyes the love of thy amiable features into my brest . So that even as a Woman with Child longeth for the corner of an Apple-tart , or a piece of raw Mutton , so do I thirst after thee ; and even as a Virgin that eateth Chalk and drinketh Vinegar , looks pale , & loseth her stomach , so do I look pale with languishing for thee , and my belly is shrunk up for want of food ; for I have not eaten above half a surloin of Beef , forty tythe Egs , thirty black Puddings , and five great brown Apple-pies , since Sunday last , that your Father took me home to dinner , which is now almost a week . I shall put it to thy choice , whether thou wilt be courted in publick or in private ; for I have made five delicate Sermons upon the most amorous place in all the Canticles , wherewithall to allure thee into my embraces . If thou dost consent , then will I go to thy mother , and as the childe desireth the maid to spread him some bread and butter for his afternoons Luncheon , so will I desire her to give thee unto me that I may spread my my self upon thee . If she replyeth , Yea , Then will I speak to her in the words of Saint Bernard , saying , I thank you heartily good Mother . But if she say unto me , Nay , then as Saint Cyprian hath it very well : I shall be ready to hang my self . Be thou therefore my preserver , and my intercessour , that neither thou mayest want a Husband , nor the Parish a Minister , nor thy Mother a Man to devour her bag puddings . A Letter of Smiles from a young conceited Scrivener to his beloved Mistress , Mistress D. C. Spinster . Madam , I No sooner saw you , but the tinder of my affection began to take fire . For your beauty was to me like the hearb Larix , cool in the water , but hot in my stomack . So that as Pharaoh did long to know his dream , so did I long to know what would become of me , as to your good liking of me . Be not therefore a beauty without compassion , which is like a Mandrake apple , comely in shew ; but poisonful in taste . But woe is me , for I find that my words have wrought no more impression on your heart then an arrow on a rock of Adamant . So that I may say of you , that as in the greenest Grass is the greatest Serpent , in the clearest Water the ugliest Toad ; so is your fair Body lin'd with a cruel Soul. Alas , you have no mercy on my captivity , so that I am like the Spaniel that gnaws his chain , but sooner spoils his teeth then procures liberty . But as a Bladder is to a learning Swimmer , so is Hope to me ; which makes me apt to believe , that as there is no Iron but will be softned with the fire , so there is no Heart how hard so ever , that will not be soft-by continual prayers . I confess my expression is but like a picture drawn with a coal , wanting these lively colours , which a more skilful Pen might give it . However consider , that the Sun disdains not to shine upon the smallest Worm . Reconcile your self to the humblest of your Vassals , and do not through your Marble-hearted-cruelty utterly overwhelm him with Sence-distracting grief , like a Current that breaks the Dams , and with a vigorous impetuousness drowns the Fields . A Countrey Bumpkin to his Mistress . Sweet honey Jone , I Have here sent thee a thing , such a one as the Gentlefolks call a Love Letter : 't was indited by my self after I had drank two or three good draughts of Ale , but 't was writ in a Roman joyning-hand by the School-master and Clerk of our Parish , to whom I gave six pence for his pains . Truly Jone , my parents never brought me up to speak finely as my Landlords Son doth , but this I can say in downright terms , I love thee . Marry Jone , many time and oft have I fetcht home thy Cows , when no body knew who did it . Marry Jone , thou know'st I always plaid a thy side at stool ball , and when thou didst win the Garland in the Whitson-holidayes , marry Jone , I was sure to be drunk that night for joy . Marry Jone , cry I still , but when wilt thou marrie , Jone ? I know thou dost love Will. the Taylor , who , 't is true , is a very quiver man , and foots it most fetuously ; but I can tell thee Jone , I think I shall be a better man then he shortly , for I am learning of a Fidler to play o' the Kit ; so that if thou wilt not yield the sooner , I will ravish thee ere long with my musick . 'T is true I never yet gave thee a Token , but I have here sent thee a peice of silver Ribband ; I bought it in the Exchange , where all the folks houted at me , but thought I , hout and be hang'd and you will , for I will buy a Knot for my love . I assure thee Jone , 't will make a better shew then a Gilt Bay-leaf , and for this year be the finest sight in all our Church . But what wilt thou give me for this Jone ? alas , I ask nothing but thy self ; come Jone thou shalt give me thy self , come prethe Jone give me thy self . What a happy day would that be , that to see us with our best Cloathes on at Church , and the Parson saying , 〈◊〉 Tom , take thee Jone , and by the mass I would take thee , and hug thee , and lug thee too , and hey then away to the Alehouse , and hey for the Musitioners , and the Canaries , and the Sillabubs , and the Shoulder a Mutton and gravie , with a hey down derry and a diddle diddle dee . Thus having no more to say , I rest in assurance of thy good will , thine honestly , truly and blewly , FINIS . Posies for RINGS . THou wert not handsom , wise , but rich , 'T was that which did my eyes bewitch . What God hath joyn'd , let no man put asunder . Divinely knit by God are we , Late one , now two , the pledge you see , We strangely met , and so do many ; But now as true as ever any . As we began , so let 's continue . My Beloved is mine , and I am his . True blew will never stain . No money shall buy my — . No horns good Wife . Against thou goest , I will provide another . Let him never take a Wife , That will not love her as his life . In loving thee , I love my self . A heart content Cannot repent . I do not repent , That I gave my consent . No gift can show , The love I ow. What the eye saw , the heart hath chosen . More faithful then fortunate . I 'le ring thy thumb , Then clap thy bum . Hab nab ; yet happy be lucky . Love me little , but love me long . 'T is a good Mare , that ne're trips Love him that gave thee this Ring of gold ; 'T is he must kiss thee when th' art old . Now I know more Then I knew before . I long'd to lose , and now have lost ; I am contented , farewel frost . This Circle , though but small about , The Devil , jealousie , shall keep out . If I think my Wife is fair , What need other people care . Now do I find , Why men are kind . 'T is in vain for to resist , Women will do what they list . This Ring as a token I give to thee , That thou no tokens do change for me . One begs enough , ne're fear , To a small closet door my Dear . Sarah , I do love thee so , Cause thou didst not say me No. My dearest Betty , Is good and pretty . I did then commit no folly , When I married my sweet Molly . Dorothy this Ring is thine , And now thy bouncing body's mine . 'T is fit men should not be alone , Which made Tom to marry Jone . Peg , if thou art a Peg for me , Then I will have a Peg for thee . Su is bonny , blithe , and brown , This Ring hath made her now my own . Katie , I chose with hair so red , For the fine tricks she plays abed . Nan with her curl'd locks I spy'd , And would never be deny'd . Prances is a name that 's common But H. W. made me a woman . Tabitha's a name that sounds not ill , She was bid rise , but I bid mine lie still . Ursula her name sounds rough , I warrant she 'l give thee enough . Dorcas she made coats for Children . But we 'l make Children to wear coats . Like Phyllis there is none , She truly loves her Choridon . Leonora's fair , well bred ; Yet I had her Maiden-head . Ellen , all men commend thy eyes ; Onely I commend thy thighes . I have a John as true as steel , I do believe , because I feel . Robert , thou art a man of mettle , Thy string is sweet , yet doth it nettle . My Henry is a rousing blade , I lay not long by him a maid . My William with his wisp , He loves me well , although I lisp . I love James for Scotlands sake , Where so many bellies ake . I love the name that conquer'd France , Which made me yield to Edwards Lance. Thomas is fit a Cuckold to be , For he will not believe unless he see . I love Abraham above any , Because he was the father of many . PROVERBS . The Text. HE that hath a Woman by the waste , hath a wet Eel by the tail . Comment . For Women hate delaies as much as they abominate debility . Womens actions are like their wombs , not to be fathomed . And therefore he that deals with them ought to be a man of a deep reach . Love though he be blind can smell . This is the reason , that a man that runs passionately after a woman , is said to have his nose in her tail , and is call'd a smell-smock . Nothing venture , nothing have . Yet he that ventures too far loses all . Now the question will be in these two Proverbs , Whether it be better for a man to lose nothing , though he get nothing , and so to keep his pate whole , or to lose that which he hath gotten , and to have nothing left him but a skin full of holes . The gentle Ewe is suckt by many Lambs . And so is a kind woman butted at by many Rams . Love and Knowledge live not together . That is to say , they live asunder . They love too much who die for love . For as Aristotle says , Every excess destroys ; and therefore he is a fool what will do so , seeing a man hath so little thanks for his labour . A fat Wife never lov'd a ●aint Husband . And there 's good reason for it , the Devil ought to have his due . Love me and love my dog . To this Proverb are the Ladies beholding for all the verses made upon their Beag●es . He that loves another better then himself , starves in a Cooks shop . And ought to be buried under the Gallows . Every one is not merry that dances . Neither does every one dance that is merry . 'T is a trouble to ride , and death to go on foot . What a devilish lazy fellow was he that invented this Proverb . He incurs no danger , that comes not where it is . That 's very certain . He that goes far , gains much . That 's a lie , witness Thom. Coriat . When a man is dead , his Friends forsake him . That 's because he forsakes his Friends . Blows makes love decay . And therefore he that beats his Wife , is sure to be a Cuckold . Rome was not built in a day . That every body knows , but can any man tell us how many days 't was a building . Love makes men marry , money makes them angry . That 's when they cannot get their wives portions . He that cannot pay let him pray . With all my heart , if he can meet with those that will say , Amen to his requests . Nothing but money is money worth . Very true , for here 's knavery in all Trades . Claw an Ass by the breech and h 〈…〉 l bewray your fingers . One good turn requires another . He that believes a woman , and leads an Ass , will never be in quiet . Then he that believes this Proverb , is an Ass. that will do either . He hath enough that 's pleas'd . But can any body tell when he hath enough to please him . A man may well call till his heart ake , if no body will hear him . Right Roger , your Sow's good Mutton . One Barber trims another . 'T is very kindly done of them He that means to pay gives good security . Because he intends his security shall pay . A man may lead his Horse to water , but he cannot make him drink unless he list . Otherwise he would infringe the liberty of the Subject . He must needs go whom the Divel drives . For the Divel 's a notable whipster . Fast bind , fast find . This Proverb caused the invention of the Italian Padlocks . There 's many a one sings that is full sorry . This Proverb i● verified by those that sing upon the Gallows . He 's sure of a Cat that hath her skin . Would I were as sure of an hundred pound . A man may easily finde a stick to beat a Dog. Gentlemen , I hope you know the meaning of this Proverb without expounding it , if you do not , you shall ne're understand it for me . A Dog will endure no companion in the Kitchin. For Dogs are like Usurers , they love to eat by themselves . A fat Kitchin makes a lean Testament . Very likely , for a man cannot eat his Cake , and have his Cake . The Lady kisses her man for his masters sake . Neither do I see how his master can be angry , 't is one part of his duty to man his Mistress . He that spends beyond his ability , May hang himself with great agility . For he is lighter then he was by many a pound . Every truth is not to be told . And therefore Scogan 's wife , when her husband as'kd her whether he where a Cuckold or no , deny'd to tell him . He that begins a matter untowardly , ends it ill-favouredly . This Proverb concerns Courters of Mistresses and getters of Maidenheads . The Divel is known by his Claws . How can that be , when some Authors affirm he hath no Claws . An ill wife that grows not worse , is not the worst of wives . A bad excuse is better then none at all . Women weep and sicken when they li●t . But let the Cock crow , and you shall presently perceive change of weather . On my word 't is time to stand to your tacklings friends when the ship leaks . The Wife that bites her lips and treads askue , Is to her Husband , or her self , untrue . Gentlemen , forewarn'd forearm'd . These are signs easie enough to be seen , take notice of them A Woman and a melon are both alike . For till they are broke up , no body knows what is in them . 'T is no great matter though a woman drown her self . For there are flesh-pots enough in Egypt . A gadding hen and a gadding wife will be soon lost . But here 's the mischief on 't , that the gadding wife knows the way home , and the hen does not . He that loses his wife and six pence loses by the money . Let him that can finde the six pence take the wife for his pains . A man of straw is worth a woman of gold . Nay , here I le be sworn , the Proverb-monger was out . For a whole Seraglio of such Concubines would do a man no harm . Fall back , fall edge . Some thing I would say to this Proverb , but I cannot tell what , and therefore I care not what becomes on 't . Farewell frost . So said the Maid , and then she sighed . Every day is not Sunday . No , for then people would be weary of going to Church . Every woman hath her wanton fit . I , and will have it in spite of the Devil . A gazing , gadding maid seldom proves a good liuswise . 'T is much they should not prosper when they look so well about them . He is a fool that loses flesh for bones . That is to say , he is a fool that refuses a fine plump Girle for a lean one . Let him that fears the wagging of feathers fear to go among wilde fowl . But now a dayes a man may walk among the wild fowl , and ever fear their feathers , Such as the tree , such is the fruit . That 's not alwayes so , for there 's many proper women have ho●goblins to their Children . Many a little makes a mickle , Light gains makes heavy purses . Ha! well said , old true Penny. Fine feathers make fine birds , As you may see in Hide Park . He repents too late that repents at the gallows . Therefore he had as good let it alone . He 's an ill cook that licks not his own fingers . Doubtless the light of Nature hath taught every man this Proverb . A sack full of holes can hold no corn . Even so there be some women that cannot hold their water . A little rain allays a very great winde . So said a mad fellow when he bepist his wives farting hole . The longest dayes have evenings . Who can help it , Ladies ! A low man can fell a tall oak . If a tall oak , much more a tall woman ; therefore maidens despise not little men . Too much scratching hurts the skin . But say the women there 's a difference between scratching and rubbing . Of idleness comes no goodness . For that 's the reason so many maids have the green sickness . Good at meat , good at work . Therefore 't is the best way alwayes to eat stoutly in the company of women . Grass grows not in hot ovens . He that made this Proverb , was bound sure to speak truth for a wager . Ill weeds grow apace . That 's always the answer of an old woman , when you tell her she has a proper maid to her daughter . Good clothes hide much deformity . What rare men Taylors are . Men may meet , but not mountains . Therefore you see when Mahomet bid the Hill come to him it would not stir , 't was so lazie . He that wants shame shall never win credit . How is that great vertue impudence here abused ? He that is ashamed to eat , is ashamed to live . If a man could live as long as he could eat , I make no question but that he might easily be perswaded to lose his shame , and put in sureties for the eternity of his stomach . As shamefac't as a sow that slaps up a sillabub , Those are your Whitson-Holiday sows , that swill up whole milk-pails in the field , till you may follow them home by the leakage of their tap-holes . He never goes out of his way that goes to a good house . This was a maxim observed by Taylor the Water-Poet in his long vacation voyages . He that cannot fight let him run . 'T is a notable piece of Matchavilian policy . A fools bolt is soon shot . That made the Gentlewoman shit in the Exchange . A gentle shepherd makes the wolf shite wool . 'T is a very fine way to be eased of the trouble of sheep-shearing Good words cost nothing . Unless it be Dedications and Love Verses , for some men do pay for them . Better may a mans foot slip then his tongue trip . Commonly the tripping of the tongue and the slipping of the foot happen both together . Now if a man be late abroad , 't is better that his tongue should trip then his foot slip , for he may chance to fall in the street , and have a coach go over him . Some men may better steal a horse then others look on . For 't is fit that he that took least pains should have least profit . When thieves fall out true men come by their own . For as Philip the great King of Macedon well said , Concord upholdeth all societies : Therefore 't is high time for thieves to be hang'd , when they cannot agree among themselves . A liquorish huswife seldom makes thick pottage . For she puts all her Oatmeal in Caudles . Hungry dogs love dirty puddings . There 's many a man hath lost his Nose by verifying this Proverb . He 'l make you believe a Hare lays eggs . See Brown's vulgar Errors . 'T is an ill winde blows no body good . After meat comes mustard . For their teeth watered so much after the meat , that it was impossible their eyes should water after the mustard . He that holds a frying-pan by the tail may turn it which way he lists . See more of this in Alexius his secrets , or in Aristotles book of the dyet of the Phisolophers , cap. 6. of the manner of making pancakes . Better no pies , then pies made with scabby hands . Wink and all 's well , for what the eye sees not , the heart never rues . He that is born to be hang'd shall never be drown'd . VVell fare him that is born to be hang'd say I , for he goes to heaven in a string , when he that is drown'd goes to hell in a ferry-boat . A wary father has a prodigal son . He is to be commended for not letting his fathers estate lie fallow ; for if he will not sow again after his great harvest , his son must . A man cannot make a cheverel purse of a sow's ear . Ye cannot tell what a man may do , there are very notable projectors living now adays . Like will to like , quoth the Devil to the Collier . Gentlemen , ye need not wonder how the Collier and the Devil came to be familiar , for he is fain to keep in with that trade , that he may buy his provision at the best hand , against he goes to to set up his Pye corner calling . MISCELANIA . Fancy awakened : Natural , Amorous , Moral , Experimental , Paradoxical , Enigmatical Jesting , and Jovial Questions , with their several Answers and Solutions . Davus es huc venias mox eris Oedipus alter . Q. Why did Apelles paint Cupid with these words , Spring-time and Winter ? A. By those two seasons , he represented the prosperities and adversities that wait on Lovers . Q , Why do lovers blush on the bridal night ? A. Out of natural shamefastness of what they are about to do . Q. What is the difference betwixt an honest and dishonest woman ? A. A word . Q. VVhy do whores paint ? A. That they may have some colour for there Venery . Q. VVhat differences a woman from a man ? A. Meum & tuum . Q. VVhy do they use to paint Cupid bare-headed ? A. To signifie , that betwixt true lovers , there should be nothing covered or concealed Q. VVhat is the greatest wonder in a little circuit ? A. The face of a man. Q. VVhat said the Squire when he found his man Harry in bed with his own Curtizan ? A. Well done Harry , after me is manners . Q. VVhat if there had not ben been an Act against building ? A. That they would have built from the So Ho to Branford . Q. VVhat did the old Book-sellers Dedication Horse cost him that he use to ride on up and down the countrey ? A. Go look . Q. What are the attendants on love ? A. Pleasure , travel , sweet ; bitter , war , peace , life , and death . Q. What are the joyes of love ? A. Plays , sweet sleeps , soft beds , ravishing musick , rich perfumes , delicious wines , costly banquets , wanton refreshing , and such other soft and ravishing contentments . Q. Why do the Poets bestow arrows on Cupid ? A. To Signifie how desperately love wounds . Q. Why are the lips moveable ? A. For the forming of the voice and words Q. How many veins are there in the body of a man ! A. As many as there are days in a year . Q. Why do some stammer and some lisp ? A. By reason of the shrinking of the sinnews which are corrupted by flegm . Q. Why are we colder after dinner then before ? A. Because that the natural heart retireth to the stomack to further digesture . Q. What Lady was that , which daunced best at the Ball in Lincolns-inn-fields ? A. She , whose foot slipping fell on her back . Q. What reply was made to him that said , He did not use to give the wall to every Cockscomb ? A. But I do Sir , and so gave him the wall . Q. What is an ordinary Fencer ? A. For flesh and blood he is like other men , but sure nature meant him for a Stock fish . Q. Where is reputation measured by the acre ? A. In the countrey . Q. What are the outward signs of the body , to judge of the inward disposition of the mind ? A. A head sharp , and high crown'd imports an ill affected mind , tallness of stature , dullness of wit , little eyes , a large conscience-great ears , kin to Midas an ass , spacious breasted , long lined , smooth brows without sorrow , liberality ; a beautiful face denotes the best complexion , soft flesh to be the most apt and wise to conceive , and so &c. Q. Who was famous for his memory ? A. Seneca , who writes of himself , that he was able to recite two thousand names after they had been once read to him . Q. What will never be out of fashion ? A. The getting of Bastards . Q. When is a Cuckolds Almanack out of date ? A , It s perpetual . Q. Why do some men love wenches better then their wives ? A. Because stoln pleasures seem sweetest : Q. Why are women smoother then men ? A - Because they have the help of nature to expel those superfluities that remain in men . Q. What 's that which is too hard for one to keep , enough for two , and too much for three to keep ? Sol. A Secret. Q. What people are those that have but one day and one night all the year . Sol. Those that live under the Pole Artick , for to them the sun never riseth in the Horizon 24 degrees , nor comes under ; so they have six signs above , and six signs beneath it . Q. What is that which goeth the swiftest of all moving things , and is the most apprehensive of all living things , yet we cannot perceive his instant moving . Sol. The Sun , which according to the astrological conjecture , runs two hundred seven and twenty thousand miles in one hour . Q. How is kissing used ? A. Onely as a Prologue to the play . Q. How doth a man look after the recreations of a bridal night ? A. Like the picture of ill luck . Q. Who invented the first lie of the great Giant ? A. Charles Brandon Stone-cutter in Phenix Alley , near Long-acre , into whom his next neighbor John Tayler the Water-Poet breathed his fictitious spirit . Q. Why is Cupid pictured flying ? A. Because when he is sufficiently routed , he can stand no longer to it . Q. Why are Tobacco-shops and Bawdy-houses coincidents ? A. Because smoak is not without fire . Q. What is a Pyrate ? A. He is called a Traytor , because he fortifies a castle against the King. Q. What answer did the Lawyer return to him that askt him , whether his long discourse was not troublesome to him ? A. No indeed Sir , said he , my mind was on another matter . Q. How might Naylers female be rightly named Mary Magdalene ? A. As she was a grievous sinner . Q. To whom may a man best commit a secret ? A. To a common lyer , for he shall not be believed though he tells truth . Q. What is that which of running , becomes staid ; of soft , becomes hard ; of weak ; becomes strong ; of that which is infinite , becomes but one . Sol. Ice . Qu. Wherefore is it that Bastard children are often more ingenious then the Legitimate . A. Because , as they are got secretly , and by stealth , so the act is performed with a more forced affection . Q. Why are those that have their hair of one colour , and their beards of another , for the most part , accounted dangerous persons ? A. because it denotes in them an inequality of their humors and complexions , which makes them naturally variable . Q. Why is every creature sad after copulation ? A. In consideration of the unhandsomness of the act . Q. Whether do the Gallants go to Hide Park to hear the Cuckow or the Nightingal ? A. Both. Q. Why did Adam take the apple from Eve ? A. Because she bit it first , and said it was good . Q. Why do Exchange-men so seldom speak truth ? A. Because it is not A la mode . Q. What said the Horse-courser to the Justice , when he said ; If he were not hang'd , he would be hang'd for him ? A. He desired his Worship when the time came , that he would not be out of the way . Q. What said the fellow to the Chandler that had a whole groze of Candles stoln from him . Q. Take not your loss so to heart friend ; there is no question but that they will be brought to light Q. Why are they called Quakers ? A. Because they tremble at their own opinions . Q. What is a precise Sister ? A. She is one that will not let her childe read the Horn-book , if a Christ-cross row be in it . Q. What are Chamber-maids like unto ? A. Lotteries , you may draw twenty , before you shall have one good one . Q. What is the mystery of greatness ? A. To keep inferiors ignorant . Q. What was that which little Jeffry's the Queens dwarfs mothers health was drunk out of ? A. Queen Mabs thimble , an akorn . Q. What city is that which is founded in the water , compassed with water , and hath no other walls but the seas ? A. Venice , which hath continued uninterrupted since the first building 1152. years . Q. What little fish is that in the sea , which is the greatest wonder for its strength ? Sol. A Remora , which is a fish that is not above a foot long , yet by fastning on a ship , will stay it under sail against winde and tide . Q. Why do some mens hair curle ? A. It is caused by the hot and dry temperatures of the persons . Q. Why do gelded animals grow more fat then others ? A. Because they do not lose their better humors in following the females . Q. Why are little men more prompt , subtil , and Chollerick then great ? A. Because their vertue , and natural vigor , together with the forces of the spirits are more united in them , then in the great . Q. What are those swellings and pimples that are usually in the face ? A. They are no other then an enunciation of crude , indigested humors , which proceed from the moisture of the head . Q. What reply made the young wife to him , that because she had married an old man , said , that sometimes an old horse would travel as long a journey as a young one ? A. I , said she , and withal fetching a great sigh , and stroking down her Belly ; but not in this rode , Sir. Q. Why should a man chuse a little wife ? A. Because too much of one thing is good for nothing . Q. Why is sweet mistress so usual a complement ? A. Because shitten comes shites is the beginning of love . Q. What answer did the wench return to him ( being barefoot ) that askt her , whether or no she wore her every dayes stockings ? A. Yes Sir , said she , and I have a pair of breeches to them of the same , which hath a hole in 't , into which you may if you please thrust your nose . Q. What shift did he make for to pay for his pint of Sack that he call'd for at the Kings-head in Fleet-street ? A. He thrust his stuff cloak into his codpiss , and running by the Bar cryed , stop thief , one had stoln his cloak out of the room . Q. VVhat said the Lady to the Gentleman that often used that protestation , That he would pawn his soul on it ? A. She desired him to bring another pawn , for she greatly feared that was forfeit already . Q. VVhat is a whore-master ? A. He is one whose ordinary sport is cock-fighting , which he uses himself so long too , that at last he grows better acquainted with Cornelius then Tacitus . Q. VVhat did one compare tall men unto ? A. To garrets , which have nothing but lumber in them . Q. VVhat creatures of all others live the longest ? A. Man , a hart , the phenix ; when as other creatures lives , compared with theirs , are but short : the hare lives but ten years , the cat as many , the goat eight , the ass thirty , the sheep ten , the dog twenty , the bull fifteen , the ox because he is gelded , twenty , the sow and peacock twenty , the horse thirty , the dove eight , the partridge five and twenty . Q. First my mother brought me forth , then I the daughter bring forth my mother again ? Sol. 'T is water , which is first ice , and then melts again and brings forth water . Q. VVho are those that see many things afar off , but little near at hand . Sol. Old folks , who are blind in the present tense , but quick sighted in the preterpersect tense . Q. VVhy is Cupid painted a Child ? A. To signifie the youthfulness that should attend a lover , as also , that for the toy and knack of his light affections , he will lose the accomplishment of his weighti●st fortunes . Q. VVhy do lovers look so pale and lean ? A. As the passions of their minds inwardly consume them . Q. VVhy do lovers delight in amorous histories ? A. In respect of the conformity of their passion to the subject Q. Why doth one gape when another gapes ? A. There is no other reason to be given but a sympathy of imagination when another man gapes . Q. How is it that women go so unwillingly to bed , and rise the next day so lusty ? A. From the perfection they receive from the man , in that they then know they are women indeed . Q. what made the Water-Poet believe he was a cuckold ? A. As 't is reported he lookt through the window . Q. when may a lover fall out with his Mistress ? A. When he hath learnt the trick to fall in with her agen . Q. when will Playes be in request ? A. When Tom Randals Muses Look-glass may be acted . Q. what may be said of a common whore ? A. Non redolet sed olet . Q. what 's an excellent receipt to keep a woman honest ? A. For her to be alwayes cross leg'd . Q. What is the latter part of the word jealousie ? A. Lowsie . Q. What said a Gentleman to the Ladies , amongst whom , one of them let a fart ? A. Ladies , I know it is for your ease , I beseech you let it go round , and when it shall come to my turn , I will use my best endeavor to try what I can do . Q. How did the late King serve one that was importunate to be knighted ? A. After he had kneel'd , he bid him rise , and tell himself what he would be , and so he dismissed him . Q. what said she to her husband , that named all the cuckolds in the town ? A. Truly husband you are such another man. Q. What may be said of a young fellow that is in love with a whore ? A. That he is faln asleep in the chimney corner , and is very likely to nod into the fire . Q. What are the three first members formed in the womb ? A. The heart , the brain , and the liver , which are the three first members of life . Q. Why have women thicker bloods then men ? A. By reason of the coldness of their nature which doth thicken and congeal their blood . Q. VVhat creature is that which bites with his tongue ? A. The Flatterer : Q. What do the ancients hold for one of the greatest wonders of the world ? A. The Pyramids of Egypt . Q. VVhen I lived I fed the living , now I am dead I hear the living , and with swift speed walk over the living ? Sol. A Ship made of an Oak , which growing , feeds Hogs , now bears men , and swims over fishes . Q. VVhy do we see our breaths in the winter , but not in the summer ? A. Because in the summer the exterior air is more subtil and hot , and our breaths spread with such an attenuation , that they cannot be perceived ; whereas in the winter , the air being more thick , and gross , and cold ; it keeps it self more close , and unites it self in its issuing , to resist the coldness of the air , which is its contrary . Q. VVhy is a whores trade opposite to all others ? A. Because she sets up without credit , and too much custom breaks her . Q. VVhat is a meer scholler ? A. An intelligible ass . Q. What is the reason that Luke turned Preacher . A. Because he was not suffered to write news any longer . Q. VVhy is the language of a scold most moving ? A. Because no man in his wits will tarry to hear her . Q. VVhat subject is the least worthy of a mans thoughts ? A. The constancy of a woman . Qu. VVhat is the suddenest and most successful way of address to a widow ? A. To tell her that you come to plough her up , that she must lie fallow no longer . Q. VVhen doth the voice change in men ? A. At fourteen , when they begin to feel their concupisence . Q. VVhy is the heart placed in the midst of the body ? A. To impart life to the other parts . A. How are Hermophrodites begotten ? A. By reason of the diversity of cells in the womb . A. VVhy are curled haired men sooner gray then others ? A. Because their heat consumes the moist humours , which in Eunuchs and others , is the cause of gray hairs . Q. Whose cock , whose dog , whose servant may be kept at the Cheapest rate ? A. The Millers cock , the Butchers dog , and the Inn-keepers servant . Q. what is that , which having taken we have lost , and having not taken we have kept still ? Sol. A louse Q. When a man dies , which is the last part of him that dies , and which of a woman ? A. To answer merrily , the heart is the last part of a man , and the tongue of a woman . Q. what is a flatterer ? A. He is the shadow of a fool . Q. What said the Barbers wife to her husband , when he would have went out of the bed to have fetcht an instrument , which he told her he would use for to put her to less pain in the Iosing of her Maidenhead ? A. Sweet Husband said she , Lie down again , there is no such need , my fathers man hath taken such an order with me three moneths since , that you may spare that labour . Q. What said the Usurer to the impudent fellow , that coming into his room where he was in Pye-Corner , without any ceremony , drunk up his single pot of beer ? Sir , said he , you are , as like the fellow that was taken the other day in Smithfield , and committed to Newgate for stealing of a horse , as ever I saw man. A. The fellow replied , Say you so Master Usurer , I knew him very well , he made no more of stealing a horse then I do of eating this black pudding ; and so he snatcht the Usurers dinner and left him . Q. What Almanack maker writes truest this year ? A. He that tells fewest lies . Q. What game do men love best ? A. My Ladies-hole . Q. What sport doth women like best ? A. Push pin . Q. If a man calls his wife Whore , what follows by consequence ? A. That he is a Cuckold . Q. Why are women most jealous ? A. Because they love with less discretion then men . Q. Why do some ladies breasts leap , and as it were daunce when they talk with their lovers ? A. From the neighborhood of the heart , from whence all the vital spirits proceed , which on such joyful occasions retire to the breasts . Q. Why do lovers so kiss the eyes of their mistresses ? A. Because they would if they could , through those windows discern what is in the heart , or else in gratitude , as the eyes were the first beginners of their love . Q. What said the Tyler to his man when he fell through the rafters of the house ? A. He liked a fellow that went through with his work . Q. What said the captain when his leg was shot off , and they cryed for a Chyrurgion ? A. No Chyrurgion says he , a Carpenter , a Carpenter . Q. What said one that perceived a fellow in Bedlam more distracted then the rest , Sir were you ever married ? A. Married quoth he , looking stedfasty upon him , I was never yet so mad . Q. Why is a prisoner the best fencer ? A. Because he alwayes lies at a close ward . Q. Why doth marriage free a man from all cares ? A. Because the woman takes all upon her . Q. VVhy did Nailor stand in the Pillory ? A. For being Antichrist . Q. How is an Hypocrite defined ; A. He is one that for the most part is full of oral subtilty and mental impiety . Q. VVhat is that which produceth tears without sorrow , takes his journey to heaven , but dies by the way , is begot by another , yet that other is not begot without it ? Sol. Smoak . Q. VVhat two dissillables are those that divide the world ? A. Meum et tuum . Q. VVhat is the wisest of all other things ? A. Time , which findeth out , and altereth all other things Q. Why is Ben. Johnsons Chair at Robert Wilsons Tipling-house in the Strand ? A. To signifie that Poets in these hard times , though they should invoke the nine Muses , may still want nine pence to purchase a pint of Canary . Q. what is the profitablest sign , that one that hath a handsome wife , can hang at his door ? A. A pair of Horns , for then he shall be sure never to want custom . Q. Why are there so few of the sect of the Adamites ? A. Because people are ashamed to show all . Q. What replied the Vintner to the Gentleman after he had drawn him good wine , and he said it had a whiff with it ? A. So had his — Q. what is an Hoast ? A. He is one that is none of his own , for he neither eats , drinks nor thinks , but at other mens charges . Q. What is a Tinker ? A. He is a moveable , for he hath no certain abiding . Q. Whither doth S. A. go when he dies ? A. Alas , he doth not know himself . Q. What said the fellow that had lost one of his ears for his former fact , and was for another crime condemned to lose the other ? A. What a pox , said he , am I bound to find ears for every Sessions . Q. What answer did the Taylors boy give to him , that when he presented him with his masters Bill , said , that he was not running away ? A. That though he were not running away , his master was . Q. What part is last formed in the womb ? A. The eye , the interpretation of the minde , which as it is last formed , so it is the first which loseth its motion in death . Q. Why do men become bald ? A. Because with their declining with age , their natural humidity consumes in them , although they may otherwise abound with corrupt excrements . Q. Why have gelded men shrill voices ? A. The abundance of their humidity fills up the artery and makes it strait , so that the breath proceeding from a narrow passage , causeth the voice to be sharp . Q. Why do the Anabap●ists hate churches ? A. Because they are used to preach in tubs . Q. What said Pope Urban the eighth to an English Gentleman that kist his toe ? A. Sir , I hope you have not travelled thus far , to report when you return to your own countrey , that you have seen Antichrist ; alas Sir , I must deal plainly with you , I am no other then what you see me , a frail old man , ready to drop into my grave . Q. What if the bed should speak what it knows ? A. It would put some persons strangely to the blush . Qu. why may an Hypocritical Puritan be said to be a bastard ? A. Because he will not allow of Our Father . Q. what is the nick-name of Mistress M. T ? A. Mistress Moll Cutpurse . Q. VVhat become of the Turk that daunced on the ropes , and stood on his head with his heels upright on an exceeding high pole ? A. He was so near to Paradise that Mahomet onely put out his hand , took hold of his great toe , and pulled him in , Q. VVhat kind of thing is a New England brother ? A. He is one that fled thither for conscience sake , and left his wife and children behind him for the Parish to keep . Q. VVhen policy trips up a mans heels , what is it called ? A. Dexterity . Q. VVhy is it probable that Eve studied Astronomy ? A. Because her sex have ever since been used to lie on their backs . Q. what may an importunate Dun be compared unto ? A. A mans shadow . Q. What answer was given to him , that disswaded one from marrying of a wife , because she was no wiser ? A. I desire said he , my wife should have no more wit ; then to be able to distinguish my bed from another mans . Q. VVhat trick did a scholler that was a lewd rogue , use after he had often sent to his father , and could get no money from him ? A. He sent a letter to his father , to certifie him that he was dead , and desired him to send him up money , to defray the charges of his funeral . Q. VVhy do not whores conceive ? A. They have been ploughed so much , that they can of necessity yield no crop , Q. VVhy do we sleep better on the right side then on the left ? A. Because the lungs do then lie more remote , and cover the heart , which is on that side under the pap . qu. Which is the seat of the memory ? A. The hindermost part of the brain . qu. Why are women said to be the weaker vessels ? A. Because there are so many of them crakt . qu. Why do Lawyers wear such short gowns ? A. Because the vacations are so long . qu. what was that in the Exchange that the Millener sent the Lady word that she had left behind her , and she sent him word back , that he might take it for his trouble of sending after her ? A. A — qu. Wherefore is it that the Eccho reports more clearly to our hearing , the last syllable than the first ? A. Because the first are broken by the last , or that we are too near , or that we speak the last in measure longer then the Eccho giveth us the first , and so we cannot so well understand them . qu. What is that which knoweth not it self to speak , understandeth not a word , yet conceals not , but repeats the voice of him that speaks ? A. The Eccho . qu. How long did the learned guess that the world would last ? A. Six thousand years : two thousand years before the Law , two thousand years under the Law , and two thousand years under the Gospel . qu. From whence proceed tears ? A. Out of the brains most thin and liquid excrements . qu. Of all fishes in the sea , which is the swistest ? A. A Dolphin . qu. what thing is that which is neither fire , nor moon , nor star , yet it shines only in the night ? Sol. A Gloeworm . qu. Why are so many whores gone beyond sea ? A. To find out those Hectors that they missed in England . qu. What 's the news from the Paris-garden ? A. That there is no inferior Officer left to carry guts to the Bears . qu. What may be said of the surred Giant in the last Lord Mayors show ? A. That when he stood on his tip-toes , he was higher then the Pageants by the head and shoulders . Q. What said the gentleman to the thief , when he was wak't by chance , and heard him breaking in ? A. My friend it is your best course to tarry till an hour or two hence for I am now awake . Q. What said the Farrier to the Emperick , when he would have given him money for a drench for his horse ? A. Sir , we of one profession should not take money of one another . Q. what answer did the poor scholler give to the begger , that said that he had a licence to beg ? A. That lice he might have , but sence he had none , to beg of a poor scholler . Q. what said the gentleman to his wife , when she desired him to give her a flap of the coney ? A. How wife , before all this company . B. what is a creditor ? A. A fellow that torments a man for his good conditions , he is one of Deucalions sons , begotten of a stone . Q. what is a Bawd like ? A. A Medlar , for she is never ripe till she is rotten . Q. what is the reason that the out-landish woman is so hairy ? A. Because she is so seldom trimmed . Q. why should not a married wan be called ass in his wives presence ? A. Because ox is more proper . Q. At what season doth the patient husband love the scold his wife best ? A. When she is speechless . Q. why are there so many whores and so few bawds ? A. Because they want stock , though they have impudence enough to set up for themselves . Q. why are short and dim sighted people , more given to love then others ? A. Because they discern not the unhandsom features and imperfectness of women so well as those that can see . Q. what is the meaning of the word Marriage ? A. Marry at age . Q. what saying pleases a foolish Sollicitor best ? A. Currat lex , ignoramus . Q. why did the ancients paint on the borders of Cupids robe , Life and Death ? A. Because true love lasts not onely for life , but after death also . Q. why have some stinking breaths ? A. From the evil sumes that arise from the stomack . Q. why is the heart first ingendred and dead last . A. Because it is the original of life , and without it other parts cannot live . Q wherefore is it that we are most ticklish under the soles of the feet , and under the armpits ? A. Because the skins of those parts are more strecht and more delicate . A. what is the swiftest thing in the world ? A. One would imagin the sun , because in a day he compaseth the whole circuit of the earth , but a thought is swifter then the sun , for that it travelleth the whole world in a moment . Q. where is the center or middlemost part of the earth ? A. Some Geographers write at Delphos . Qu. VVhy do husbands for the most part seek wives , and not wives husbands ? A. Because the man is still seeking of his rib , which he lost , when it was taken out of his side to form woman . Q. VVhat is an hyporcritical Puritan ? A. A diseased piece of Apocrypha , which bound to the Bible , corrupts the whole text . Q VVhat is a mans reason compared unto ? A. In matters of faith , to fire ; in the first degree of his assent , flame ; next smoak , and then nothing . Q. VVhy is it dangerous to marry a widow ? A. Because she hath cast her rider . Q. Now Marriot is dead , who is the greatest eater ? A. One that is living . Q , VVhat said the boy to the Cuckold , when he askt him why he stared him so in the face ? A. Truly Gaffer quoth the boy , for no hurt , but because every body said that you had horns on your forehead , I looked , and indeed Gaffer I could see none . Q. VVhat said the wench to the genleman , that hit her a clap on the breech , and cryed , I marry , here is a plump one indeed ? A. Truly , said she , if you should blow as much wind in there , as I have blown out , you would say it were plump to some purpose . Q. What was said to the dwarf ? A. That he should still carry some sweet thing in his hand to smell to , whose nose is level'd to every mans tale that he followeth . Q. What is said to be the beautifullest thing in the world ? A. The Sun , but to a blind man that cannot discern his glory , we may conclude vertue . Q. What creature of all others sheds tears at his death ? A. The Hart. Q. How many miles is the earth in circuit ? A. It is uncertain to define it , yet the learned and Astrologians are of opinion , that it is four times 5400. miles , howsoever in respect of the heavens , they conclude it to be but a point , and that every star in the eighth Sphere is esteemed bigger then the whole circumference thereof ; where if the body of the earth should be placed in the like splendor , it would hardly appear . Q. Why doth the stomach digest ? A. Because of the heat of the parts adjoyning to the liver and the heart . Q. Why doth nature produce moystures ? A. Through the evil disposition of the matter , and the influence of some ill constellation , not being able to bring forth what she intended , she bringeth forth that which she can . Q. When doth the voice change in women ? A. At twelve years of age , when their breasts begin to grow . Q. What is the dolefullest Latine that a lover can speak ? A. Hei mihi quod nullis amor est medicabile herbis . Q. What was old Chaucers Saw ? A. Lord be merciful unto us , Fools or Knaves will else undo us . Q. What place is the worst to learn French in ? A. The Low Countreys . Q. what 's the best Rhetorick a man can use ? A. To speak to the purpose . Q. what Rhetorick is most graceful in a woman ? A. A beautiful face . Q. what companion should a man be most private withal ? A. A handsom Wench . Q. Why did Phil. Porter dye ? A. Because he could live no longer . Q. How do the English love the Spaniards ? A. Not so well as they do their silver mines . Q. When should the longest grace be said ? A. When their is cold meat on the table Q. When will Saint James's Fair up again ? A. When the Sutlers wives are not so subject to lie down . Q. Why do ladies always eat the kernels but leave the stones . A. Because to their best apprehensions they are to be kept for anothers use . Q. Why is love compared to a maze ? A. Because when a man is once got in , he can never get out . Q. Why are women more silent in love then men ? A. Because they are ashamed to talk of an unhansom business that is already past . Q. What is the benefit of sneezing ? A. To purge the expulsive power and vertue of the sight . Q. Why are all the senses in the head ? A. Because the brain is there , on which all the senses do depend . Q. How should a man behave himself to a coy Lady ? A. As if he were in the field , to charge her home . Q. Why is wit compared to brush-wood , and judgment to tinder ? A. Because one gives the greatest flame , and the other yields the durablest heat ; but both meeting together make the best fire Q. Why is a soldier so good an antiquary ? A. Because he hath kept the old fashion , when the first bed was the ground . Q. Why may Aretin be accounted an expert artillery man ? A. Because he gave directions for the postures . Q. When does the world end with an old man ? A. When he begins to dote on a young wench . Q. what replied the fellow when one bid him hold his horse ? A. He said , it was but one mans work , he might do it himself . Q. What is reported of the Executioner ? A. That if he do not mend his Manners , he is likely to trust his life to the mercy of one of his own trade . Q. What said one to a Lady that had so many patches on ? A. That she could not well laugh for fear of shewing of two faces . Q. VVhat is a bawd ? A. She is a charcoal that hath been burnt her self , and therefore is able to kindle a whole copper . Q. How did Master Not of the Inns of Court love a citizens wife ? A. Like any thing . Q. what is the most lascivious part of a woman ? A. Her rowling eye . Q. what said the Vintner of Southwark , when the Parson killed his wife in the Percullis ? A. By and by , anan , anan Sir , I come , I come Sir , by and by , Q. Why is love painted with flowers in one hand , and a fish in another ? A. To show that without any contestation he governs both by sea and land ; Q. why is marriage compared to a sea voyage ? Qu. Because if people have not the greater , and the better fortune , They are very likely to be cast away . Q. which is most jealous , the man or the woman ? A. The woman , though men have most cause , you know why . Q. Why are some left handed ? A. Because in some persons the heart sendeth not heat to that side ? Q. Why can women endure thin clothing in the winter better then men ? A. Because being naturally cold they feel cold the less Q. what creature is that which bringeth forth at once , nourisheth her young , and goes with young again ? Sol. A hare . Q. what is that which being first water assumes the form of a stone , and still retains it ? A. Crystal congealed by frost . Q. which is the quickest of the sences ? A. The eye . Q. why is it better to marry a widow then a maid ? A. Causa patet Q. What may be said of a covetous rich man ? A. That he freezes before the fire . Q. What reply did one of the Tylers make to the other , when he said , You do your work too slightly . A. Brother , said he , we must work at one time as we intend to have work at another . Q. what was the reply to one that gave him this complement , Sir , I wish that every hair of my head were a groom to do you service ? A. He replied , Sir , I wish that every blast from my back side were a cannon bullet ready charged to batter down your enemies . Q. A cowardly Captain askt a Soldier whether he knew him or no ? A. The Soldier replyed , I should have known you if you had shown me your back , for that I have seen often ; but I never saw your face before . Q. When will the Vintner at Aldersgate pull off the Mourning from his sign ? A. When Wine is at the old price . Q. A fearful bashful Countrey-fellow was askt , whether he would go to bed to his bride ? A. No quoth he , I 'le go to Bed to my mother , that I will. Q. Whence is it that those people that wash in the winter in warm water feel more cold then those that wash in cold water ? A. Because that the warm water opens the pores , and gives an entrance to the cold ; whereas cold water on the contrary , shuts the pores , for cold is restringent . Q. wherefore is it that the Hycup , especially if it be not very violent , ceaseth in holding the breath ; or else if we are suddenly frighted , or afflicted with some opinionate unhappiness , or else with the taking of vinegar ? A. Because the Hycup proceeds of a sudden difficulty in breathing , and that in holding our breath , it must be of necessity , that we shall a little after respire by course ; also we being made attentive to that we are fearful of , makes us hold our breath , and sometimes with a profound sigh fetcht from the stomach , it hinders the cause of the Hycup . Q. Can you in few words give an illustration or description of the body ? A. Yes , the body is the dwelling of the soul , the eyes are the windows of the soul , the brows the portals of the mind , the ears the interpreters of sounds , the lips the leaves of the mouth , the hands the workmen of the body , the heart thereceptacle of life , the lungs the bellows of the air , the stomac the orderer of meat , the bones the strengthners , and the legs the colums of the body Q. What seed is that which joyneth all the countries of the world together ? A. Hemps●ed , of which is made sails for ships that transmit them far and near . Q. What art is that which makes use of the wildest things in the world ? A. Physick . Q. What was the Welsh-mans meaning , when he said , He had the law in hu● own hand ? A. He was burnt in the hand . Q. One said painters were cunning fellows , the other askt why ? A. Because said he , they are sure to find a colour for whatsoever they do . Q. One said to a sturdy begger , friend , it is a custom amongst those of your trade , if a man doth not give you , to rail at him ? A. The begger answered , thinking to get something of him , Ah master , I am none of those . Say you so , says the gentleman , I will try you for once ; and so away he went , but never unbuttoned his fob . Q. One boasted himself to be a wit , saying , That the world ●●ke him to be all wit ? A. One that stood by , and knew him very well , Is it possible that you are taken to be a wit , or to be all wit , I only took you to be a wittal Qu. What is a meer common Lawyer ? A. He is a soil to make a discreet one look the fairer . Q. what is a Bragad●●ia welsh-man ? A. He is one that hath the abilities of his mind in potentia , but not in a●tu . Q. why d● s●●e of our Lay Preachers hold forth so long ? A. Because their ware being course , they can afford the larger measure . Q. what is cast beauty like ? A. A pair of bellows , whose breath is cold , yet makes others burn . Q. Who hath more pleasure on the bridal night , the man or the woman ? A. The woman , who though she rises like blushing Aurora , yet such a tel-tail lightsomness , chearfulness and mirth appears in her face , as discovers the chaste and pleasant content she received from her bridegroom . Q. What is the highest respect , an honest wife can tender her husband ? A. To expose her self to his embraces , to make him lord of her body , and commander of her thoughts . Q. Why doth a drunkard think that all things turn round about him ? A. Because the spirits that serve the ●ight are mingled with the vapors of the drink ; which with too much heat , cause the eye to be continually moving . Q. Why do gentlemen so powder their Periwigs ? A. Because all their own hair comes off . Q. How did the gentleman requite his blind bears courtesie ? A. She burnt him , and the fire shovel burnt her . Q. Why do Apprentises wear no cuffs ? A. Because they cannot abide to were those that are of their masters giving . Q. Why cannot the Spaniards so properly now as formerly , for their keeping of forts , be compared to crab-lice ? A. Because the English have of late so put them to the shrug , that they are always upon remove . Q. Why doth Cupid , of a blind archer , shoot so well ? A. Because for the most part he hits the mark . Q. Why is wealth better then wit ? A. Because few Poets have had the fortune to be chosen Aldermen . Q. What said the fellow to the sleeping watchman , when he stole away his lanthorn ? A. Good night . Q. What is the worst argument a Vintner can use against the late act for the prizes of wine ? A. To draw bad wine . Qu. What said the Welsh-man , that by his reading saved his life , when after they had burnt him in the hand , they bid him cry , God save the King ? A. Nay , quoth he , rather God bless my father and mother , for if they had not brought me up to reading , I might have been hanged for all the King. Q. To one that excepted that another had saluted his Mistress ? A. This answer was given , that as he had kist her before , he might if he pleased kiss her behind . Q. what is the greatest traveller next to a man ? A. A louse , because he always bears him company . Q. what is a fellow of a house ? A. He is one that speaks swords , and fights ergo's . Q. what is that which makes no difference betwixt a wise man and a fool ? A. Sleep . Q. wherefore are the morning studies best ? A. Because the spirits are more free after their repose , and the brain and organs of the body are discharged of the fumes and vapor that arise from the nourishment , the digestion being finisht . Q. wherefore in winter do we smell perfumes less then in summer ? A. Because that the cold thickens the air . Q. what stone is that which neither yields to the fire , nor the hammer ? A. The Adamant , which is only dissolved by Goats blood . Q. How is the taste best discerned ? A. By the veins which spread though the tongue and pallat , to distinguish of every relish . Q. A gentleman hawked in a farmers ground , for which the farmer being much incensed , gave him base words , which provoked the gentleman so highly that he spit in his face ; at which the farmer being amazed , askt him , what was his reason for the affront . A. The gentleman answered , what would you be at , I could do no more then give you warning , I hawked before I spet . Q. To one that said that lead was the basest mettal of all mettal ? A. One replied , Sir it is so , but yet it is the stoutest , for the Glasier will tell you that it keeps more quarrels asunder , then any other mettal in the world , Q. what answer was made to him by the Judge who fearing the cause would go against him , desir'd a longer day of hearing ? A. The Judge answered , that he should have one , it should be on Saint Barnabies day next . Q. what reply was made to her that had never a Child , yet she thankt God that she had a husband of very good parts ? A. It is true , replied one of the neighbours , I acknowledge him to be a man of good parts , but yet he canot multiply . Q. VVhy do women take those for asses that are too importunate ? A. As they are sensible of their own imperfections , they admire men should descend so below their understandings to be so simply sensual . Q. VVhat things are Chiefly in opposition to true love ? A. Shame and fear . Q. VVhy is love painted naked ? A. To shew that all the acts and deeds of love ought to be open , such as are free from treachery or dissimulation . Q. wherefore is it that by the rubbing of our eyes , we cease to sneeze ? A. Because that this rubbing excites heat in the eyes , near which we make the sneezing , and that being a stranger heat , nevertheless a more strong , extincts the other heat which caused the sneezing . Q. Wherefore is it that in summer we drink more , and in winter we eat more ? A. Because as the summer dries our bodies , so we are forced to moisten them , and in the winter , the cold predominating on the exterior and natural heat , inforces it self , and gathered all into the interior , whereby we eat & digest our meat the better . Q. what creatures of all others , as Naturalists write , are the worst that the earth nourisheth ? A. Of beasts , tygers : of men , adulterers and flatterers . Q. From whence proceeds jealousie ? A. From envy and love . Envy to see him whom a Mistress loves , to love another ; out of love , as she is fearful to lose him who is her best beloved . Q. why is a Drunkard a good Philosopher ? A. Because that he thinks the world goes round . Q. what said Sir Benjamin Ruddiard of Master P ? A. That he was too high for this world , and too low for the world to come . Q. what is the least part of the body , yet darkens the whole body ? A. The eye-lid , the hair whereof , neither waxeth more nor groweth longer . qu. why are the Italians said to be so jealous ? A. Because they keep all under lock and key . qu. what is the name of that fish , which of all others , pleases women best ? A. Plase . qu. why are Taylers of such esteem ? A. Because they are men of great reckoning . qu. How did a gentleman of late requite him that gave him the horns ? A. He bit off a convenient piece of his nose , as they were together in a coach , over against the Half-moon Tayern in the Strand . qu. what death would a Dutch man soonest chuse ? A. To be drown'd in a barrel of English beer . qu. what said the gentleman to him that wrangled with him at cards and called him knave ? A. Sir , said he , you are a court card , that is neither king nor queen . qu. What reply made the Lock-Smiths wife to her husband , when he would ntver let her be quiet , but according to his jealous custom , preacht to her a sermon out of his trade , of what bars bolts , and locks belonged to the chastity of an honest wife ? A. What a coil is here , quoth she , with your bars , your bolts and your locks ; you are a little too conceited of your trade , when there is never a Tapster nor Ostler that I know , but hath as good a key to open it as any Lock-Smith of you all . qu. what is good manners in a Chamber-maid ? A. To exercise her patience behind the hangings , whilst her Mistress is busie with a gentleman in the same room . qu. what said the French madam to her husband , when she went to bed to her Lodger in the next room ? A. Husband , I went only to the Chamber-pot . qu. what if dreams and wishes had been all true ? A. There had not been since Popery , one Nun to make a maid of . qu. How do you define a Serjeant A. He is for the most part the spawn of a decayed Shop-keeper , a hangman and he are twins , only a hangman is his eldest brother . qu. what is an Almanack maker ? A. He is a tenant by custom to the Planets , of whom he holds the twelve signs by lease parol , to which he pays yearly rent . qu. which at all times is the best bed-fellow ? A. Sleep . qu. why are women at all seasons more prone to love then other creatures ? A. Because they are naturally more soft and ticklish , qu. whether is the man or woman more constant in love ? A. The man , as he is of a more firm body and spirit . qu. Why did Paris see the Goddess naked , when he was appointed to give his judgment about the ball ? A. Because many have handsome faces , that if they were stript of their cloaths , have such nasty deformity on their bodies , that a Beadle of the wand would sooner lose his place then approach them with a clean whip . qu. why did the admired Painter Xerxes figure Cupid in a green robe ? A. Not only to express the youthfulness of love , but also to moralize what the colour green signifies , which is Hope . qu. How may carnal copulation be civilly defined ? A. It is a mutual action of male and female with convenient instruments , ordained and deputed for generation , to maintain and multiply the species and kind of every creature . qu. why is that saying , That the falling out of lovers is the beginning of love ? A. Because love is like a flame that increaseth with every blast . qu , what kind of people are those , that being as beasts themselves , set upon beasts , carry beasts in their hands , have beasts running about them , and all to pursue and kill beasts ? Sol. Unlearned Hunts-men . qu. wherefore is the world round ? A. To signifie that it , nor all in it can fill the heart of man , which is triangular . qu. what are the benefits of good sents and perfumes ? A. To purifie the brain , refine the wit , and awaken the fancy . qu. Is lying of any ancient standing ? A. Yes , but not as the atheistical writer antedates , and before Adam . Q. why is immoderate venery hurtful ? A. Because it destroyes the sight , spends the spirits , dries up the radical moisture , which is instanced by the naturalists in the Sparrows , which by reason of their often coupling , live but three years . Q. Whence comes it that those that are born deaf are also dumb ? A. There is a certain tie or conjunction of the nerves which stretch to the ears , and from the tongue , the which being indisposed from the birth , it must of necessity be , that those two faculties should be equally affected ; onely it is confessed , that certain sicknesses may make one deaf , without being dumb ; and on the contrary , one may be made dumb without being deaf , because it may so fall out , that one branch of the nerve may be offended without hurting the other . Q. Why do lovers sit up with one another whole nights ? A. Because they cannot go to bed together . Q. May a lover die with too much loving ? A. Yes , as 't is in the Song , for the space of half an hour , but no longer . Q. Why is Cupid pictured blinde ? A. Because he uses in the dark to play at blind-man-buff . Q. why do the Dutch eat so much butter ? A , Because they have there fish so cheap . Q. what said the Gardiner to his wife when she came to see him hang'd ? A. Get you to work you whore , weed , weed for bread for your children , is this a time for you to see showes . Q. What think you of the wife , that said the Taylor her husband , was not fit for her ? A. She had a minde to measure with a yard of her own chusing . Q. What said one of a marriage that was made betwixt a widow of a vast fortune , and a Gentleman of a great house that had no estate A. That the marriage was like a black pudding , one brought blood , and the other brought suet and oatmeal . Q. What may a porter of the city gates becompared unto ? A. Cerberus , that would not let the wandring ghosts pass without a sop . Q. Why should a fair womans neck be awry ? A. Then it stands as if she lookt for a kiss . Q. what is a Mountebank ? A. He is one that if he can but come by the names of diseases , to stuff his Bill with , he hath a sufficient stock to set up withall . Q. what Officer keeps his Oath most strictly to the City ? A. A Serjeant , for he swears to be a true Varlet to the city , and he continues so to his dying day . Q. what trick will the Vintners use after walnuts are out of season , to keep up their price of sack ? A. Cunning knaves need no Brokers . Q. whether is the water or the earth bigger ? A. The water is bigger then the earth , the air is bigger then the water , and the fire bigger then the air . Q. How many bones are there in the body of a man ? A. In the Head 49. in the Breast 67. in the Hands 61. in the Feet 60. the vulgar opinion is , that there is in all 284. Q. How may one distinguish of the height of things ? A. The Sea is higher then the Earth , the Air is higher then the Sea , the Fire then the Air , and the Poles above them . Q. why doth a chaste woman love him exceedingly that had her virginity ? A. Because of her shamefac'tness , as also out of an esteem of him to whom she intrusted her credit . Q. what herb of all others most present the form of a man ; A. A mandrake . Q. what birds of all others are the most perfect heralds of the Spring ? A. The Swallow and the Cuckow . Q. At what time do womens breasts begin first to increase ? A. At fourteen . Q. what is conjectured of him that made the song of the Bulls feather ! A. That there is one about the the town , that can pretend more reason to sing it , better then himself . Q. why did a Pulpit cuffer about London , cry out so for bows and arrows , bows and arrows ? A. Because , according to the Proverb , a fools bolt is soon shot . Q. why do some women blush so ? A. Because that little modesty they have , is contracted in their faces . Q. Why do young whores turn old bawds ? A. It is with them as it is with other trades , after they have served out their times , they set up for themselves . Q. What is a whore ? A. She is one that pricks betimes , for her stock is a white thorn , which cut and grafted on , she becomes a medlar . Q. One askt Ben. Johnson what reparation he would tender to his honor for spitting in his face ? A. He answered , if he pleased , he would tread it out again . Q. What said the wench that was brought before the Judge about a rape , when he askt her , whether the fellow offered any violence , or the like ? A. Yes , said she , and please your worship , he bound my hands , and would have tyed my legs together , but I thank my own industry , I kept them asunder . Q. A countrey Painter painting of a small Parish Church , and writing false Orthography , one askt him , that overlookt his work , why he spelt so false ? A. Alas Sir , says the Painter , you must understand that this is a poor Village , and they will be loath to go to the charges of true English. Q. What were those two stars that the sea-man cryed out for in the storm , as onely desirous to see , before he was cast away ? A. The star in Cheap-side , and the star in Coleman-street . Q. What said he that saw a fellow in a very cold morning on the gallows in his shirt ? A. That he was afraid he would catch his death . Q. What may a covetous Lawyer be compared unto ? A. He 's one whose fingers have itcht for a bribe , ever since his first practising of Court-hand . Q. What is a meer Pettifogger ? A. He is one of Sampsons Foxes , he sets men more shamefully together by the ears then pillories . Q. Why do lovers shed their hair so fast ? A. Because with them it is for the most part the fall of the leaf . Q. Is it lawful for a lover to make use of any other Lady then his own ? A. The law of Nations permits no such custom , nor will it serve his turn , though she be never so like , to say , that he mistook her for his own Mistress . Q. What is love ? A. 'T is a passion without reason , order , or stability , 't is the whirle-pool of mans liberty , a disease that will make one as sleepy as a cat . Q. What is the female sex without the male ? A. Imperfect . Q. when will A. B. make another song in praise of Sack ? A. Ask the Fidlers . Q. What said the Soldier when his Captain demanded of him , why he bought his Colours at his shop , and why he fancied them still above any other . A. Oh Sir , said he , I have all the reason of the world to fancy them ; for these your Colours saved my life , I followed them when you run away from Basing-house . Q. What said the Carrier to the Thieves when he saw they would rob him . A. Friends , make a conscience , let me share , I desire to drive the same trade with you , to have something of my own . Q. Why did Mrs. H. make her Husband a Wastecoat of her Willow colour'd Stuff-petticoat ? A. As she might otherwise have parted with her smock ; and you know what the Proverb sings , Near is my Petticoat , but nigher is my smock . Q. One askt another what Shakespears Works were worth bound up together ; the other replyed , not worth a farthing ; not worth a farthing , said he that was to buy them , why so ? A. The other answered , that his Playes were worth money , but he never heard that his Works were worth any thing . Q. Why is a Puritan a Non-resident . A. Because he never keeps near his Text. Q. What is the best way of dealing with a seemingly zealous Lay brother ? A. Not to trust him , for then he can never deceive you . Q. Why cannot the Devill take tobacco through the nose ? A. Because Saint Dunstan seared it with a pair of tongs . Q. What may the Law be most fitly compared unto ? A. To a thicket of Brambles , into which by tempest the poor sheep being driven from the Plains for refuge , are there fleeced . Q. Why may not Machivel be reputed as honest as some modern Politicians ? A. Because he made no use of the hypocritical veil of a religious profession , to rough-cast his knavery withall . qu. What kinde of people are those , that sleep not with their own faces ? A. Women that paint . qu. What is that , which being contained in it self , yet from it thousands do dayly grow and issue ? Sol. An egg , from whence are produced sowls , fishes , birds , and serpents . qu. What breaks the shell at the coming forth of the chicken ? A. The defect of nourishment , which at the end of the time is wasted in the shell , which the chicken wanting , exposeth it self , and so breaketh it . qu. What is that which is milk in his dam , or fire , of a mingled seed , brought forth by others , and produceth not his like ? Sol. A mule begotten betwixt a horse and an ass . qu. Why have those that lie on their backs so many dreams and visions ? A. Because the humors are disturbed , and upwards where the fantasie is . qu. Why is it unwholsome to lie on ones back ? A. Because it disposeth a man to the Incubus , or night mare , which is a passage of the heart , when a man thinketh himself to be strangled in his bed , and somewhat lies heavy on his stomach which he would throw off , it also causeth with the over heating and oppression of the reins , an efusion in the night , which weakens the back . qu. what payes Venus more custom then all the world besides ? A. The bed . qu. what is a Sexton ? A. He is one , that of all Proverbs cannot abide to hear that of , VVe live by the quick . and not by the dead . qu. why are boats compared to females . A. because every one enters into them . qu. what said she to him that sound her at it behind the door in a Tavern ? A. At this time , Sir , I cannot pleasure you , keep this secret from my husband , and I will disclose as great a one to you , when it lies in my power . qu. what said the Cuckold to him that he sound a bed with his wife ? A. Sirrah , for this once I forgive you , but look to it , the next time , I catch you in the corn , I will put you into the pound , to the tune of , Come no more there boyes . Q. With what words did one challenge another that had abused him , but was not his equal ? A. J. N. do confess my self to be as base a villain as thou art , and therefore let me see thee to morrow by such an hour in Hide Park ? Q. what said the Saylor when the ship was set on fire in the coast of Peru ? A. He cast himself into the sea , and cryed , some rosted and some sod . Q. what answer did one return him that desired to borrow his cloak ? A. Sir , seeing it rains not , what need you borrow a cloak ; and if it should rain , how can I my self be without it . Q. what said the Lady to her son that was a great gamester , when she was likely to be drowned ? A. Son said she , for your part you can swim , but if I am drowned to day , pray thee play not away my clothes till I am buried . Q. who are those that are near the Suns rising , and see the first day , yet themselves are of the colour of the night ? A. The Ethiopians . Q. why are children os●ner like their fathers then their mothers ? A. To give a modest reason , it proceeds from the imagination of the mothers , that at such a time , thinks of the disposition of the father . Q. what do the eyes chiefly betray ? A. Those things which a man would keep most secret , Love and Drunkenness . Q. From whence is derived the power of feeling ? A. It spreads it self through every part by Sinnews , which descend from the hand to the foot , and like a net spreads over the whole body . Q. what thing is that which being blind it self , leads the blind , and bears him that bears it ? A. A staff . Q. why is the flesh of the lungs white ? A. Because they are in continual motion . Q. what is an idle magistrate like ? A. The picture of Saint George on a sign-post , with his sword drawn to no purpose . Q. what may be said of him that speaks great Gun-powder words ? A. That he hath a timpany in his mouth . Q. what are lovers oaths like ? A. Marriners prayers , that last no longer then the storm . Q. what may a Musician be compared unto ? A. To a Camelion that lives by the air . Q. why doth a Knight take place of a Gentleman ? A. Because some are Knights before they are Gentlemen . Q. what is a domineering fellow to be compared unto ? A. A gingling spur , that keeps a noise but never pricks . Q. what is the reason that captain Bulmur could not make his boat leap out of the water , and fly over London Bridge ? A. Because the people could not believe . Q. what did the fellow near Doctors Commons do that sent his wife for salt ? A. He eat up the quarter of lamb before she came , for which he is called lamb without salt . Q. what was Jeffry's the Queens little dwarf's usual hiding place ? A , In Parsons the Kings great porters fob . Q. why are Tailers like woodcocks ? A. Because they live by their long bills . Q. why is it dangerous to abuse a Physician ? A. Because if he once have to do with a man , he will make him stink . Q. why are Players like to poor Philosophers ? A. Because they are as well contented with their rags , as when they are in their richest robes . Q. why are great eaters the most valiant men ? A. Because they never fight but with a good stomach . Q. what are Horse-keepers and Oastlers , though the times are never so mutual ? A. Stable-men . Q. why are Fidlers so unfortunate ? A. For that they never do any thing , but it is against the hair . Q. why are Scriveners hard hearted fellows ? A. Because they rejoyce when they get other men into bonds . Q. why is a miller the fittest husband for a scold ? A. Because when the mill goes , her tongue cannot be heard . Q. what may be said of one that speaketh hard words ? A. That he hath swallowed a Doctor of Physick's bill . Q. why are Glasiers good Arbitrators ? A. Because they spend their whole time in composing of quarrels . Q. Why is it unlikely that Sailors should be rich men ? A. Because they are never so well pleased , as when they go down the wind . Qu. Of all knaves , why is there greatest hope of a Cobler ? A. Though he be never so idle a fellow , he is still mending . Q. Why is a Hang-man a person of a contemplative profession ? A. Because he never goes to work , but he is put in mind of his own end . Q. Why is a Tooth-drawer a kind of an unconscionable trade ? A. Because he takes away those things , by which every man gets his living . Q. Why is it not proper to call a Tapster a Drawer ? A. Because beer only makes men piss , but it is wine that makes them draw . Q. Why is a Barber said to be such an active fellow ? A. Because when he uses his comb , he doth so box one about the ears . Q. Why are there so many Pick-pockets in every corner , though there be , for the most part , a watch in every Street ? A. It is all one for that , for a Pick-pocket had as live meet with a watch , as any thing else . Q. Why are Tobacco-Shops of all other places most dangerous ? A. Because there is none ever frequented them , but he smoakt for it . Q. Why is a Midwives trade of all others most commendable ? A. Because they lived not by the hurt of others , as Chyrurgions do , nor by the falling out of Friends as Lawyers do , but by the agreement betwixt party and party . Q. Why do Lawyers Clerks write such wide hands ? A. To keep the peace , for if the Plantiff should be in one leaf , and the Defendant in another , the lines being too near , they might perhaps fall together by the ears . Q. why must an Apothecaries shop needs be healthful ? A. Because the windows , boxes , benches , and all things in the shop take Physick . Q. what may an Antiquary be compared unto ? A. To a Dutch man , that loves cheese for being worm-eaten and mouldy . Q. One drinking of a cup of burnt Claret , said that he was not able to let it down , another askt him why ? A. He answered , because it was red hot . Q. One seeing a man and his wife fighting , askt another why he did not part them ? A. He answered , he was better bred then to part man and wife . Q. why is it necessary for women to learn a Roman hand ? A. Because they are seldom very good Secretaries . Q. One saying that it was a fine quality for one to speak extempore . A. Another answered , it was no such fine quality , for every inconsiderate Sectarist did it . Q. Why is one squint-eyed most circumspect of all others ? A. Because he can look nine ways at once . Q. why is corn a quarrelsome creature ? A. Because it rises by the blade , and falls by the ears with those that cut it . Q. what may a Middlesex - man be called ? A. An Hermophrodite , because he is of both sexes . Q. why have Hoasts red noses ? A. To show the world an experiment of the vertue of what they sold. Q. A Gentlewoman that was always jealous of Latine , hearing one say bona mulier ? A. That for bona , she knew that was good , but I will pawn my self on it , the other word says she , means that which is stark nought . Q. The people wondering at the Eclipse of the Sun ? A. One that stood by told them that it only burnt dim , and that Phebus was snuffing of it . Q. What did the fellow to his wise , that said she was neither sick nor well ? A. He turned her out of doors , for said he , Hussie I am only bound to keep you in sickness or in health . Q. One told a gentleman that went by water , that his cloak burnt ? A. I knew that , said the gentleman , and therefore I put it into the water . Q. A Wit meeting of a Usurer , desired him to lend him some money , Sir , said the Usurer , I do not know you ? A. Therefore I ask you , says he , for they that know me will not lend me a sarthing . Q. One saying that he was sorrowful , that such a Venison Pasty was eaten ? A. His friend replied , if he pleased , he would write an Epitaph on it . Q. One askt in which part of the house a gentlewoman did use to lie ? A. Answer was made that she lay backwards , and did let out her fore rooms , Q. One askt a pretty wench that came out of the countrey in her linsie woolsie petticoats , very mean in habit , when he saw her not long after in the Strand mighty brave , how she purchased such cloaths ? A. Faith , said she , onely for the taking up . Q. One asking another what Superscription he had best write to his Mistress on his letter , was told , Venus Lass of his affections ? A. No by troth , not I said he , she shall be stiled as I think she , is , Venice glass of my affections . Qu. One askt what was the first commodity a young shop keeper would put off . A. Another answered his honesty . Q. One askt why men should think there was a world in the moon ? A. Answer was made , because they are Lunatick . Q. what reply did he make to the Physitian , that said that his liver was nought ? A. Qualis vita , fuit ita , Q. why are women like a piece of Grogram ? A. Because they are always fretting . Q. One being askt what countrey man a Plough man was ? A. Was answered an Hungarian . Q. One asking a Poet where his wits were ? A. Another that stood by , answered , they were a wooll-gathering , for said he , no people have more need of it . Q. One said he was so tender hearted , that he could not abide to kill a louse ? A. Another replied , because he was too cowardly to see his own blood . Q. One perswaded another , because she was rich , to marry a whore , saying , it was not too late for her to turn ? A. A Pox on her , says the other , she hath been so much worn , it is to no purpose , she is past turning . Q. What said the Gentleman to the Citizen that with his hat in his hand began a health to all the cuckolds in the world ? A. Sir , says he , be cover'd , what do you mean , pray be pleased to remember your self . Q. How did Phil. Porter rid himself and his company of the Fidlers ? A. He caused one of his Comrades to snip off a piece of his ear , and drinking off a beer-glass to the musick , swore every one of them should follow his example . Wit and Language . Set Forms of Expression inserted for imitation . A Kiss is but a minutes joy . Your words are Delphian oracles . Your wit hath too much edge . I am a cast-away in love . You are a flame of beauty . Sweet and delicious as the feast of love . Sweet as the breath of lutes , or loves deliciousness . I , like a childe , will go by your directions . You are the rising sun which I adore . It is a confidence that well becomes you . I see your wit is as nimble as your tongue . Your favors I did tast in great abundance . Let me but touch the white pillows of your naked breasts . Your words like musick please me . I prize your love above all the gold in wealthy Indies arms . I 'le play at kisses with you . Give me a naked Lady in a net of gold . Your fingers are made to quaver on a lute , your arms to hang about a ladies neck . Your tongue is oyled with courtly flatteries . You guild my praises far above my deserts . My boldness wants excuse . Reward stayes for you . I 'le pay the tribute of my love to you . Welcome , as light to day , as health to sick men . Let me share your thoughts . Let men that hope to be beloved be bold . You have a face where all good seems to dwell . My duty bindes me to obey you ever . I sacrifice to you the incense of my thanks . You wear a showie livery . I will repay your love with usury . Vertue go with you . You are the star I reach at . I am engaged to business craves some speed . You speak the courtiers dialect . Inherit your desires . You are my counsels consistory . Your title far exceeds my worth . I 'le bathe my lips in rosie dews of kisses . I wear you in my heart . You are the miracle of friendship . You are the usurer of fame . My genius and yours are friends . I will unrip my very bosom to you . My tongue speaks the freedom of my heart . Give me leave to waken your memory . Of late you are turn'd a parasite . With your Ambrosiack kisses bathe my lips . Sure winter dwells upon your lip , the snow is not more cold . Mine eyes have feasted on your beauteous face . Your favors have faln like the dew upon me . Oh! I shall rob you of too much sweetness . You have the power to sway me as you please . Your goodness wants a president . Your acceptance shall be my recompence . The Sun never met the Summer with more joy . You wrap me up in wonder . You temporize with sorrow . mine 's sincere . You have made me sick with passion . Oh! suit your pitty with your infinite beauty . There is no treasure on earth like her . Your breath casts sweet perfumes . Goodness and vertue are your near acquaintance . You understand not the language of my intent . My entertainment hath confirmed my welcome . Your words have charmed my soul. Make me companion of your cares . I want no part of welcom but your wished presence . It is no pilgrimage to travel to your lips . I am proud to please you . By you , like your shade , I 'le ever dwell . The unblown rose , the crystal , nor the diamond , are not more pure then she , I 'le chronicle your vertues . As white as innocence it self . As constant as the needle to the adamant . You are the only anchor of my hopes . I am as mute as night . Women are angels clad in flesh . My arms shall be your sanctuary . You , like a comet , do attract all eyes . As kinde as the Sun to the new born Spring , As glorious as the noon-tide Sun. Your eyes are orbs of stars . You make my faith to stagger . You are too much an adamant . As you have vertue speak it . You are a noble giver . Let me seal my vowed faith on your lips . It is a paradise enjoying you . You are a white enchantress , Lady , you can enchain me with a smile . I have no faculty which is not yours . You are full of fair desert . Your purse is my Exchequer . Your example steers me . Her name , like some celestial fire quickens my spirit . You cannot tempt me Syren . Let me perish in your presence . Your love out-strips my merit . Your complements call your faith in question . My wish requites you . Midnight would blush at this . There 's musick in her smiles . The ocean's not more boundless then your favors . I 'le lodge you in my bosom , and wear you in my heart . It is the blessing of my fate . Fire quickens my spirits . Your presence is restorative . Your language is more dubious then an Oracle . Your heart 's like pibble , smooth but stony . Passion , like midnight , sits upon your thoughts . Her swan-like breasts more white then new faln snow . Confirm me in your favor with a smile . Welcom as Manna to my hungry soul. She is the glory of her sex , she bears the palm of beauty from them all . Others to her seem like the glimmering stars compared to the full moon . I 'le pay the last tribute of my lips to your fair hands . The musick of the spheres is not so ravishing as her voice . Report could never have got a sweeter air to fly in , then your breast . You have the power to steer me as you please 'T is my duty to obey your fair commands . You are the only person I have ambition to honor . Pray point me out some service to express my gratitude . I know you are all courtship . You are liberal in language . Her breath persumes the air . You imbrace the occasion to depart . You are the partner of my hopes . You are all worth , all bounty . She is a mine of beauty . I 'le like your shade pursue you . You have discourst me into admiration . You have a soul is full of gratitude . This kiss seals my repentance . Your sight gives me a lease of longer life . Let me now circle in my arms all happiness . Let me be bold to claim your noble promise , my blood heaves in my veins to be in action . 'T is happiness enough that you have mentioned it . She hath an easie melting lip , and a speaking eye . I must enroll you in the catalogue of my dearest friends . Trust not the unruly appetite of youth that pines in more then wishes . You walk in artificial clouds , and bathe your silken limbs in wanton dalliance . Farewell fair regent of my soul , you still obliege my gratitude . The sight of loves on both sides , they send amorous glances from one anothers eyes . The blessings of your Mistress fall upon you . Would I were secretary to your thoughts . My best abilities of power are at your service . A maiden head is a creature got in the eye , conceiv'd in a kiss , I have no shift of faces , no cleft tongue . I am not Oedipus enough to understand you , I am wrapt with wonder . I have a strong assurance of your vertue . Trouble me not with thanks , lest I endeavour not to merit any . I 'le rather doubt an Oracle , then question what you deliver . You may teach Hermes eloquence . My want of power to satisfie so great a debt , makes me accuse my fortunes . Your bounty , like a new Spring , hath renewed the Autumn of my years . I will not war with Eloquence . You are Fortunes minion , you sleep in her bosom . Such endearments will too much impoverish my gratitude . Take me into your bosom , and hide me there . Not the mountain ice congealed to crystal is more chaste then she . I 'le celebrate my Mistress health to you . I ever held you my best example . I 'le like the perfumed winde sport with your hair . You may challenge all my powers on your behalf . All valor is confined in within your breast , I emulate your daring spirit . You overcharge me with so great a favor , as your descending thus to visit me . I should do wrong to merit not to honor you . As loved as the air I breathe . You are the friend of Fortune . All the dayes good attend you . You cast your eyes too much upon the flame moves your destruction . I 'le be as just to you as heaven to truth , You 'l set the aspiring Cataline to school . You are as amorous as youthful May. I yield my self to your direction , mannage me at your pleasure . I listned for that string , and your discourse hath toucht it . You have suckt the milk of the court . I will out-wait a Serjeant to attend you . You set too high a price on my poor deservings . The vertues of your mind would force a Stoick to be your Servant . You have fired me with the heat of your deservings . You are the star by whom my fate is led . Her eyes are diamonds set in purest gold . The very air is ravisht with her touch . I cannot speak your praise . You are the soul of goodness . You may as you please determine of me . You are the star that rules my faculties Her breath is like the smoke of spices . She whispers like the amorous lute . My desires equal your wishes . You have out-stript me in the race of Honor. No service more then reciprocal . I cannot pass you without an Ave. Your noble deeds transcends all presidents . It is an honor and so I do receive it . Select Sentences . WHosoever writes a modern History , and follows truth too near the heels , may chance have his teeth struck out . The dignity of truth is lost in much protesting . No Hell so low , which lust and women cannot lead unto . The world is a theatre of theft , great rivers , small brooks , and they the ocean . True love is a servant , brutish lust a tyrant . Duty must not assume the name of merit . Unequal marriage is not love but lust . Revenge is lost , if men profess they hate . Mischief doth ever end where it begins . Where distaste begins , there friendship ends . When a woman hath lost her chastity , she hath no more to lose . Too much indulgence is not love but hate . Reason is the mistress of experience . Nothing is hard to them that dare to die . He is next in right that hath the strongest power . Blinde is the censure of uncertainties . Time wears out what art and nature cannot bring about . Great sorrow is always dumb . Women are like to Venice-glasses , one crack spoils them . Discretion is the better part of valor . The man that would have sold the lions skin whilst the beast lived , was killed with hunting of him . When clouds appear , wise men put on their cloaks . Hope is a bate , it covers any hook . Libels are stifled with taking no notice of them . Good wits are greatest in extremity . Mischiess seed like beasts till they be fat , and then they bleed . The worst deeds are made good with good success . Invocation is more dangerous then error . A Politician must , like lightning , melt the marrow but not pierce the skin . An old husband is good to make a screen of , to stand next the fire , whilst his yong wise sits behind him , and keeps a Friends lips warm . Virgins resolves are weak . Envy stands on tip-toe to pull down innocence . When lust is up , all women are alike . Love is the soveraign vertue of the soul. The dawn of midnight is the drunkards noon . Suspicion always hath a ready tongue . The sun that sets , doth rise again . All faults are still bore that from greatness grows . The feast of marriage is not lust but love . Love is a slave to hope . A DICTIONARY FOR The more expeditious finding out of any Rime , being useful for that pleasing Pass-time called CRAMBO . Ab. STab Scab drab slab crab mab blab dab Ace . Ase uncase case dace lace place mace face trace base brace grace bebase chace race embrace beface surface enchase pace apace space Aze . Aies . Ays . allays . baies bewrays blaze daies delayes decays fraies glaze gaze graze jayes keyes maze amaze obeys playes payes praies praise raies raze laies to laze raise stays stays assays essays sprays splays swaies brays strays trays betrays ways Ack. almanack black back track jack knack brack clack crack lack hack pack quack rack attack sack smack stack stack thwack tack track wrack Act. act fact compact bact tract pact quact ●act crackt rackt sackt thwackt Ad. add mad glad dad bad clad dad gad pad had lad sad swad Ade . Ayde . aide afraid blade brayde dismayd fade jade layd allayd delayd made maide playd payd prayd arrayd stayd staid shade bewrayd unstaid spade splaide straid perswade diswade trade weighd wade obeyd decayd Af chaff draff laugh quaffe staff epetaph Afe safe Ralph chafe halfe calfe Aft aft chaft craft daft haft graft laught quaft shaft waft Agg brag bagg cagg cragg clagg dragg flagg shagg fagg hagg jagg lagg magg nagg ragg quagg stagg wagg to wagg Ague plague prague Age age engage gage cage stage parentage pilgrimage pupilage page rage asswage sage wage Adge badge fadge madge Ai. Ay. aye bay obey defray delay decay bewray clay array dismay allay tray gay gray hay ●ay lay may nay play pray dray rate s●ay say stay splay spray stray sway tray way whey Ake . ake bake brake cake drake slake jake make mistake quake rake sake shake slake spake stake awake betake undertake Ale. Aile avail aile ale bale bewail dale engrail exhale s●ail entail fail frail gale goale naile all hail male mail nail pale prevail pail quail rail stale sale scale shail retail trail rale tayl vale vayl wail whale All. Aule . all appall awle ball brawle call caule crawl fall gall hall mawl Paul pall small shall stall sprawl spawl tall thrall wail yawl Ald balld embrawld calld crawld enthralld galld mauld scauld sprawld besprawld scalld walld yawld Ayld . bayld bewaild faild engraild retaild haild hald exhald naild empaild prevaild ralld saild scald retayld trayld vaild Alk. balk chalk calk stalk talk walk Alm. alm balm calm palm psalm qualm shalm Als. alice malice Alt. inalt exalt halt malt palt salt shalt fault revolt Am. am clam cram cham dam dram flam flimflam lamb ram ram mam slam whimwham Ame. ame blame came claim dame frame flame fame game lame mame name same shame tame An. Ann began ban bran can clan canne dan randan fan man unman nan pan paun raun span scan swan tan vanue wan wanne Ance. advance chance countenance dance deliance deliverance trance glance enhance ignorance lance prance maintenance perchance ballance governance And. and hand brand over-cand tand grand command hand land mand stand with-stand understand scand strand stand spand tand wand Ain abstain again bain brain blain Cain cane crain contain drain ordain constrain disdain dane complain counterpan entertain fain fane distrain profane grain gain Jane lane main maintain plain pain obtain regain raign slain sustain retain rain slain Spain sprain stain swain restrain train vain vaine vein wain Amp. cramp camp champ damp lamp stamp ramp vamp Anch. planch branch cranch hanch lanch stanch Ang. bang sang gang hang pang sang rang sprang stang tang twang brang Ange. change exchange grange mange strange range estrange Ank. Mountebank bank blank crank drank dank flank franck frank lank rank stank prank plank shrank shank slank thank Ant. ant aunt daunt flaunt gaunt grant haunt want pant scant tant vaunt want recant enchant Aint . acquaint saint complaint paint Saint Ap. cap clap chap flap gap hap lap map xap pap vap stap snap swap scrap strap thunder-clap trap tap entrap wrapt Ape . ape gape grape jape cape nape rape shape scrape scape escape tape Aps caps claps , &c. relaps Apt apt chapt clapt flapt gapt lapt rapt wrapt escapt scrapt shapt swapt intrapt snapt slapt strapt Ar. are bar car sar tar mar scar spar star sar war Are. aire bare care chair dare fair glair hair mair imp●ir de●pair repair prepare scare paire praier rare share stare spare square swear ensnare aware ware Arb. barb garb herb orb Arch. arch march starch parch torch scarch Ard. award bard debard card discard dard outdard hard guard heard mard nard pard ensnard despaird scard shard spard squard stard starrd reward yard Arf. dwarf scarf wharf Arge barge charge discharge enlarge large searge verge Ark ark bark embark cark dark cleark heark jeark lark mark park qucrk spark sark chark stark Arle . carle charle marle snarle Arm arm disarm barm charm farm to farm harm alarm sparm swarm term warm Arn. barn sern learn stearn warn forwarn yarn Arp. carp chirp harp querp sharp warp Arrs. barrs carrs dares sares Ars. ars farce scarce Mars Arsh. harsh marsh As. ass brass bass class glass grass lass mass pass was repass alass Art. art cart dart fart heart hart mart part impart depart puart start smart tart thwart wart Arth. swarth earth girth hearth dearth Ash. ash cash clash crash dash flash gash gnash mash plash quash rash slash swash stash trash thrash wash Ask ask bask cask flask mask masque pask task To these belong masquer masker mask her tasker ask her Asp asp clasp gasp grasp hasp rasp wasp unhasp Ast. blast bast cast chast enchast fast too fast agast hast has't last mast past pac't tast was 't wast At. at bat cat chat fat hat gnat begat flat mat pat sat rat squat that what Ate. abate bate debate delicate elevate date to date fate gate grate to grate ingrate hate Kate late relate elate mate inmate plate pate conservate consecrate contaminate slate state to state strait wait Atch. batch catch cratch hatch dispatch latch match to match patch scratch smatch snatch thatch watch At h bath faith hath lath path rath swath saith wrath Ave. brave cave crave drave gave grave have knave lave nave pave save rave slave slave slave thrave wave Aw . aw claw daw draw withdraw flaw jaw law gnaw maw paw raw saw soresaw spaw straw thaw Awd . bawd clawd dawd sraud desraud laud applaud thawd gnawd abroad broad Awn . bra●n dawn drawn withdrawn sawn spawn gnawn lawn spawn prawn pawn yawn Ax. ax flax lax tax wax Ea. flea key plea sea yea Ease . sease decease decrease encrease flease grease lease peace pease please seas seize disseize tease these Each . each beach bleach breach leach impeach preach reach teach Ead. bead bread flead glead knead lead mead plead read shead Eaf . deaf leaf sheaf Eak . beak bleak break creak sreak leak peak sneak squeak streak weak reak Eal. peal heal congeal meal peal steal squeal sweal reveal teal weal Commonweal wheal zeal Eam . beam bream cream dream fleam ream gleam seam scream stream theam team extrcam Ean . bean clean dean glean lean mean quean skean wean yean Eap . cheap heap leap reap Ear. appear ●ar bear blear besmear chear fear flear lear rear sphear spear swear were wear where East . beast breast deceast east feast least neast Eat . beat bleat deceit conceit cheat feat defeat great heat jeat meat neat pleat seat sweat theat teat retreat intreat , repeat wheat Eath . breath death heath sgeath wreath E●●e . ●ave cleave deceive receive heave leave bereave sleave weave Eb. neb web eb Eck. beck check deck neck peck speck to deck Ect. checkt reflect reject respect deckt correct erect eject sect neglect pect circumspect protect detect recollect deject insect architect dialect infect Ed. bed bled bread bred dead dread fed fled flead led ned red overspread shed sped stead shred thred tred wed enamored enamelled polished Edge . alledge edge hedge pledge ledge wedge priviledge Ee be decree dee ce see glee agree degree free flee gee hee knee lee me pee ree see shee thee three tree wee yee immortalitie deitie divinitie everlastinglie lovinglie enmitie vanitie , &c. Eece . geese Greece sleece peece Eeze. cheese degrees decrees frees bees freeze knees lees sees squeeze trees wheeze Eech . breach breech leech speech beseech Eed . bleed breed decreed deed freed fee'd feed agreed heed meed need seed speed weed read reed Eef. beef breef cheef greef releef theef E●k cheek creek eke gleek greek leek meek seek shreek sleek squeek week E●l . eel feel heel keel kneel peel reel wee 'l Eem . deem seem esteem redeem beseem teem Een . seen green keen queen seen screen spleen ween over ween Eep creep deep keep peep sheep sleep steep sweep weep Ee't beet bee 't flee● crete feet greet meet Leet sheet see 't street sweet Eeth seeth teeth Eev beeve atchieve cleave grieve deceive conceive relieve believe reprieve shrieve Eft cleft deft left bereft Eg beg dreg leg meg peg El bell rebel cell dwell fell ell Hell knell nel repel expel refel compel quell sell tell shell smell spell swell well yell citadell Nathaniel spaniel Daniel Eld feld geld held queld rebelld expelld spelld swelld commpelld repelld seld Eild . feild sheild yeild weild guild build Elch. belch squelch welch filch Elf. delf pelf elf self shelf Elm elm whelm overwhelm film helm realm Elt , belt dealt dwelt felt smelt gelt melt pelt spelt welt Ealth . health stealth wealth Elve delve shelve Em. condem gem hem kemb stem En. Ben den fen ken hen wen men pen ten then wren when Ence. intense incence insense innocence conscience hence defence influence diligence negligence indigence offence sence excellence commence immense recompence expence eloquence circumference quintescence tense pretence whence thence Ench. bench wench clench french quench drench trench stench wrench End. amend bend blend comprehend condescend defend intend offend befriend apprehend reprehend lend commend extend expend rend spend dispend pend attend contend Ength. strength length Ent. bent innocent ascent descent negligent indent repent indigent diligent Kent spent lent commandment argument meant shent sprent constraint restraint tent intent represent sent absent present consent dissent resent merriment content extent attent Trent vent event invent circumvent underwent Ep. crep step leap Ept. crept kept slept stept swept Er. her defer refer confer deter prefer inter foreiner loiterer poulterer pewterer , &c. Erb. herb verb Erse . fierce herse amerce pierce serce terse converse reverse verse scarce . Erch. birch pearch surch search Eard . beard bird cheard endeard feard fleerd herd heard unheard overheard jeerd appeard sheard stird besmeard Erge . verge ●irge Erk. cleark serk jerk heark kirk per querk smerk yerk Earle . earle girle pearle twirle whirle Erm. sperm term firm confirm affirm Ern. concern discern earn dern fern stern girn yearn earn Erp. chirp querp Ears . Ers. bears chears endears fears fleers jeers hers peers pears shears sears , sphears spear besmears fears besmears tears swears converse reverse adverse wears years refers defers differs confers prefers errs Et. heart malepert pert skirt squirt shirt dert convert pervert assert desert insert invert divert Erth. birth dearth mirth earth perth Erve . carve preserve conserve deserve reserve swerve serve nerve Ess bess bless excess consess chess address redress express guess jess less mess oppress repress digress ingress profess distress impress suppress yes . Esh. flesh fresh Est. best blest brest incest addrest redrest opprest profest confest exprest devest hest jest inest well guest ill lest nest deprest supprest at least rest interest quest prest distrest drest best contest invest detest protest west assest wrest Et. bet counterset debt sret tet get let pet regret cabinet coverlet set wet whet yet spet Etch. fetch stretch retch wretch bitch vetch Ew . adieu blew chew crew dew slew hew ●ew knew trew few shew slew view yew Ex. sex vex rex perplex Ey key weigh whey I I by buy bribery bitterly bodily crie curiosity calamity die deitie dubiously drie divinitie fie furiously fatally fatalitie fie fly frie guie hie high lie lye With all words ending in ly , as mutually heavenly , &c. my nigh pie comply reply imply prie rie skie stie And many words ending sie and cy , as extasie omnipotencie stie tie thigh thy try vie whey awrey Ib bibb cribb gibb glib nib lib rib fibb snibb squibb tibb Ibe bribe gibe prescribe proscribe describe scrib inscribe subscribe prescribe transcribe ascribe kibe tribe Ice , Ise deities vanities monstrosities circumcise precise obscurities fallacities paradise advise edifice sacrifice demise eyes tryes styes lyes dyes tries wise flyes eternize immortallize fraternities disguise prize price comprise disguise tries tyrannize hies lice mice pies precipice plies thighes rice rise sieze sice devise villanies spice intice thrice twice dice vice advice wise simplicities ties , &c. Ich itch rich which bitch dich Ick brick obick dick quick prick flick rick sick pick stick tick strick trick bayliwick politick Id bid chid did hid kid amid stidd ridd stridd bestrid I de abide bride chide cryd dyd dryd crucifyd fryd glid decide hide replyd relyd denyd applyd replyd complyd implyd pride pyed ride deride descride slide spied stride tide ty'd tryd vy'd wide guide dignifyd aside ally'd espi'd provide Idge abridge ridge flidge Ife fife knife life rife strife wife Iff cliff if stiff whiff I ft drift fift gift lift whift sift shift rift swift thrift Ig bigg digg pigg rigg gigg figg ligg trigg twigg wigg perywigg Ike dike pike like spike strike dislike I le bile reconcile crocadile defile I 'le beguile mile nile compile revile smile stile file vile wile while Ill bill chill dill drill fill gill till spill mill nill pill kill quill rill shrill skill fulfill still swill till thill will Ild. build filld fulfilld killd milld pild guild skilld distilld stilld swilld tilld untilld trilld will'd selfwilld Ilde childe defilde milde smild reconcild compil'd beguild stil'd til'd wilde Ilk milk silk whilk Ilt built mi't guilt gilt quilt spilt tilt wilt Im brim dim gim him limb trimb rim skim swim I me chime crime grime lime prime time slime rime time Imp imp limp pimp shrimp In bin been chin din fin inn in begin gin grin kin lin min pin shin spin thin tin twin win sin Ine columbine combine concubine brine incline decline chine dine fine kine line mine designe repine resigne shine shrine swine vine wine valentine thine tine twine divine trine whine Ince . prince mince since quince rince convince wince Inch finch inch binch winch Ind friend grind pind find skind spind Inde blinde binde inclinde declinde dinde finde , minde grinde behind linde kinde pin'd rinde designde resigned twinde winde whinde unkinde combinde enshrinde Ing. bring cling ding fling hing king ling ring spring sting string swing thing wing flourishing nourishing easterling Inge. cringe fringe hinge finge swinge revenge Ink. blink brink cinque chink ink wink sink shrink slink link stink bethink twink Int. dint flint hint lint mint splint squint stint imprint Ip. chip clip dip hip lip nip pip quip rip ship skip flip strip tip trip whip Ipe . gripe wipe pipe ripe snipe type tripe wipe Ipt. chipt clipt dipt hipt quipt ript sipt shipt skipt slipt snipt stript tript whipt Ir. fir myrh sir stir bestir Ire . brier buyer cryer dire dryer fire flire frier implyer ire higher admire lyer nigher quire desire expire aspire conspire Esquire retire attire fryer wyer Irt. dirt girt shirt skirt squirt Is. is bliss cis dis his kiss miss abiss piss swiss this wis Ish. dish fish pish wish rush Isk. brik frisk fisk whisk Isp. crisp lisp whisp Ist. desist exorcist fist grist kist list mist twist insist assist resist consist persist It. bit chit hit it knit kit acquit sit spit shit slit split commit remit immit submit emit remit fit twit writ Ite . bite bright dight light night sight knight fight delight mite might benight affright pight plight requite requisite upright opposite oversight shite smite spite excite sprite wight write white excite incite recite Itch. bitch ditch breech fitch flitch pitch stitch rich switch twitch witch which Ith. blith lith belith fith tith writh Ive . dive drive five give hive live alive contrive connive deprive reprive rive shrive slive strive thrive wive Oe doe dough toe forgoe fro goe loe moe no poe roe row so shoe show throw to though woe wooe who Obe globe Job robe Oach bloach broach coach encroach reproach loach poach approach roche Oad abode aboad abroad goad load rode mode tode trod yode Oak oak broke choke cloke croak poke soke smoke spoke stroke invoke provoke revoke awoke yoke Oale bole cole dole tole goal hole mole pole sole soul shoal stole whole Oam foam home comb roam tomb womb Oan one bone cone drone flown gone groan hone Jone lone stone alone moan none rone shown tone throne own Ope ope cope coap grope hope Pope rope scope sope slope trope Oar oar ore boar bore core door floor before adore glore goar store more hoar lore moor deplore implore pore poor rore sore soar score shore snore restore swore tore wore whore yore These rime all in their plural numbers . Orse course horse hoarce source remorse gurse morse Oard bor'd board accord afford record abhord goar'd gor'd hoar'd hourd implord deplord por'd roar'd soar'd snord sword whord word lord Ob bob cob fob rob sob throb stob Ock block brock cock clock dock flock frock knock lock smock mock pock rock stock shock sock hillock Ockt. blockt cokt dockt flockt lockt knockt mockt rockt stockt Od cod clod pod nod god rod odd sod tod trod Odge dodge lodge Off cough doff goff rough scoff trough enough Oft cough'd croft doft oft soft loft aloft scoft Og brog clog dog frog cog pettifog gog hog log vog Oll coll Doll Moll goll loll pole roll scrowle controll toll Old bold cold old fold controlld hold mold rolld sold scolld enrolld mold told controlld shold Olk. folk yolk stalk Olt. bolt colt dolt revolt Olve . involve wolve revolve Om. come comb from some plum Tom womb whom Omp. pomp romp On. con don John upon none won Once . sconce once Ond. bond cond dond pond strand enthrond bemond groand Ong. among long song string strong throng thong wrong young Ont. wont font hellespont Op. crop pop dop fop chop lop hop knop sop prop shop slop top stop Opt. chopt lopt cropt hopt dopt propt stopt topt Or. dor for nor or Ors. discourse concourse purse force horse source gorse remorse nourse Erch , perch starch scorch torch Orge , disgorge forge George scourge Ork. cork fork pork stork work York Orld. world hurld curld Orm. form storm worm Orn. born ●orborn corn horn ligorn forlorn morn mourn scorn shorn thorn sworn torn worn adorn Ornd. scornd adornd mournd hornd Ort. cort report for t sport resort dort alamort exhort dehort transport pourport sort short retort extort wort Orth. worth sorth Os. imboss loss cross dos gross gloss goss ingross moss soss toss Ose. chose closs enclose disclose propose gloze hose lose nose pose rose grows compose repose depose expose impose transpose those whose shoes shows glows Oast . boast ingrost imboast cost crost frost host lost most impost tost Ot. blot clot got grot Castriot hot jot philamot knot lot not pot plot mariot rot sot scot shot not snot spot trot wot Oat . boat moat bloat coat float goat groat note denote oat quoat stoat rote smoat throat wrote vote Otch. botch scrotch notch Oth. both broth cloth doth oath froth loth moth quoth doth troth wroth Ow. bough bow allow blow brow cow crow dow flow glow grow know how low mow now plow prow row sow bestow strow tow thou throw trow vow you Own. blown known brown clown crown down drown flown frown gown known grown renown mown shown town thrown unknown Ox. box fox pox ox Oy . boy coy enjoy cloy destroy annoy joy employ toy Oyd . avoid employd enjoyd destroyd annoyd cloyd void Oyle . boyl broil recoil oyl foil moil quoil soil spoil toil Oin . foin groin enjoyn conjoin rejoin purloin coin Oint . oint appoint anoint disappoint unjoint Oice. choice rejoyce voice hoise poise Oist . rejoyc't voic't hoist foist coist Ood . cood food brood mood withstood stood good wood woed hood blood rood could should Oof . hoof aloof reproof roof scroof woof proof Ook . brook book overtook mistook undertook cook hook look shook rook took Ool. cool fool pool tool school stool Oom . bloom broom coom doom groom loom Rome room tomb womb Oon . boon moon noon spoon Oop. droop hoop loop poop troop stoop whoop coop Oose , loose noose goose Oot . boot foot root shoot soot Ooth . sooth tooth truth youth Ouch . couch pouch disavouch crouch slouch touch Owd. bowd cloud croud flowd glowd proud lowd mowd shroud vowd endowd embowd Owl . bowl cowl fowl towl howl jowl poul rowl soul scrowl controul Ould . could should controld would Ound . abound redound confound rebound crownd drownd found frownd hound pound round sound stound wound renownd Ounce . bounce flounce renounce plounce trounce Ount . account recount surmount mount fount count Our . bower flower four hour parumour lowr powr conquerour power sower cowre tower tour devour impowre your Ouse blouse house louse mouse rouse souse Out . about out without throughout bought brought doubt lout clout drought flout fought gout naught pout rout snout sprought stout trout thought devout wrought taught thought Outh . grouth mouth south youth Ove above clove love dove drove grove move approve reprove rove shove shrove stove strove Ub. cub chub dub grub rub scrub stub shrub sillabub snub tub Use abuse accuse excuse refuse chuse recluse secluse cruse dues diffuse confuse transfuse juice Jews luce muse news scrues sluce spruce stews sues truce use Uck buck chuck duck luck muck pluck suck stuck Ud bud blood cud flood hood good mud sud spud stood understood wood Ude brewd conclude imbrewd eschewd seclude exclude include crude feud glewd dew'd lewd mu'd renewd rude scrude shewd spud stu'd strewd intrude detrude obtrud'd view'd Udge budge Judge grudge drudge adjudge snudge trudge Uff buff cuff ruff stuff puff huff muff tough enough chuff Ue blue brew imbrue eschew drew dew due accrue few slew glew hew hue Hugh jew knew fore-knew lieu mue renew scrue shew ensue sue slew shew spew strew threw true view you Ug bugg drugg dugg rugg hugg jugg lugg tugg shrugg trugg pugg Ul bull cull dull sorrowfull pitiful mercifull full gull hull lull mull annul disanul pull trull wooll Ule mule pule rule thule Uld bulld gulld dulld annulld disannulld lulld mulld pulld Ulfe engulf wolf gulf Ulk bulk hulk sculk Ulse pulse repulse Um bumb come dum overcome drum some dumb gum hum mum num plumb some scum sum swum thumb thrum stum womb whom Ump bump jump crump trump lump pump stump rump thump trump Ume sume presume perfume plum theum assume Un dun done gun run bun sun some shun stun ●pun tun wun Une prune tune Unce . dunce ounce nunce Unch. bunch clunch munch punch hunch Und. stund sund shund tund Ung bung clung dung hung among flung rung sprung sung stung swung tongue young Unge plunge spunge Unk. drunk munk punk shrunk sunk shrounk slunk stunk trunk Unt. amount surmount blunt hunt fount runt wont Up up cup tup sup Ur bur blur cur demur fur slur spur sir Ure . demure inure cure endure sure allure ensure obscure assure pure skuer Urb disturb curb Urse . disburse curse purse worse nurse burse Urch. burch church lurch Urd. bird blurd furd stird absurd curd slurd spurd sword turd word Urf. scurf turf Urge , vide Orge . purge surge scourge Urk. lurk turk work Urle . curle hurle churle purle whirle Urld. curld whirld world hurld purld Urn. urn burn churn turn torn spurn mourn Urt. blurt spurt curt durt hurt wurt flurt Uss. buss us truss thus puss Ush. bush blush brush crush flush hush push gush plush rush tush thrush Usk. busk husk musk tusk Ust. bust crust entrust dust gust just lust must rust trust thrust Ut. but cut gut glut nut put foot rut scut slut strut shut hut Ute . flute recrute dispute impute repute compute depute lute suite mute Utch. clutch hutch much grutch crutch such smutch touch crowch Uth. truth Ruth youth pursu'th Urst. disburst curst accurst durst burst purst worst first nurst Ucks. bucks ducks plucks tucks dux sucks THE ART of REASON IN THE ART of LOGICK . Rendred so plain and easie by Questions and Answers , that the meanest capacity may in a short time attain to the perfect ways of Arguing or Disputing . The first Book of the Art of Logick . CAP. 1. What Logick is . Q. WHat is Logick ? A. Logick is the Art of disputing well , and in that sense is called Logick . CAP. 2. The parts of Logick , and kinds of Arguments . Q. How many parts hath Logick ? A. Logick hath two parts , Invention and Judgment . Q. What is Invention ? A. Invention is a part of Logick of inventing Arguments . Q. What is an Argument ? A. An Argument is that which is affected to argue any thing : such as are all Reasons considered apart , and by themselves . Q. What be the Kindes ? A. Artificial and Inartificial . Q. What is an Artificial Argument ? A. That which argueth of it self . Q. What be the Kindes . A. First , or derived from the First . Q. What is First ? A. First is that which is of its own original . Q. What be the Kindes ? A. Simple or Comparative . Q. What is Simple ? A. Simple is that which is considered simply and absolutely . Q. What be the Kindes ? A. Agreeing or disagreeing . Q. What is Agreeing ? A. That which agreeth with the thing which it argueth . Q. What be the Kindes ? A. Agreeing absolutely or after a certain manner . Q. What is agreeing absolutely ? A. The Cause and Effect . CAP. 3. The Efficient , Procreant , and Conservant Cause . Q. what is the Cause ? A. The Cause is that by whose force the thing is . Q. What is the profit of it ? A. This first place of Invention is the fountain of all Knowledge : and he is believed to know , of whom the cause is held . As the Poet saith worthily : The man sure happy is , who cause of things doth know . Q. How is the Cause divided ? A. Into two Kindes , Efficient and Matter , or Form and End. Q. what is the Efficient Cause ? A. The Efficient Cause is that which the thing is . Q. How many Kindes hath it . A. There appeareth to us no true Kindes , yet the great plenty of it is distinguished by certain means . Q. What is that which effecteth by the first me●ns ? A. That which procreateth or defendeth . Q. Give me an example out of some Poet ! A. Ovid first , remedio amoris . Therefore when thou shalt look in this our medsonal Art , My admonition do , set idleness apart . This causeth thee to love , this doth defend it still , This is the cause of Joy , as meat sometimes breeds ill . Take lastly sloath away , God Cupids bow is lost , His torches lose their light , contemn'd , away they 'r tost . Q. Give me a more familiar example ? A. The Father and Mother procreate , the Nurse defendeth . Q. Give an example of this out of some Poet ? A. 4. Aeneid . Th' rt no Gods child , ne Dardanus his son ; Thou rather from the steep hard rocks didst come Of Caucasus , it seemeth of that breed , Hyrcanian Tigars thee with breasts did feed . Aeglog . 8. Now what this whorson love is I well wot . It is a little busie boy begot , Not of mans seed , ne sib to one of us , But farthest Garamants , and Ismarus . Or rockie Rhodope as it should seem , In their rough ragged hills ingendred him . Q. Do not builders and governours of Cities come under this Head. A. Yes , Romulus the builder of the City of Rome , also all other Kings , Consulls , and Emperours are defenders and keepers . CAP. 4. The Efficient alone and with others Q. What is that which effecteth by the second means ? A. That which effecteth alone or with others . Q. What are those others ? A. Some oftentimes are Principal , others are helping and Ministers . Q. Give an example of the Cause that effecteth by it self ? A. Aeneid . 6. Nisus called back both the blame and the punishment of the slaughter from Euryalus upon himself : because he was the onely author . Lo here I am who only did this deed , Nations , against me turn your swords with speed . T was my deceit : He could it never do , Ne would his courage serve him thereunto . Q. Give an example of the solitary Cause with Principals and Fellows , out of some Orator ? A. The Solitary Cause , with many , both Principals and Fellows , is diversly ser forth pro Marcello . For the warlike praises ( saith the Orator ) they are wont to extenuate truly by words , and to detract them from their Leaders , to communicate them with many , lest they should be proper to their Commanders : and certainly in War , the strength of the Soldiers , opportunity of places , help of fellows , ranks , provision do much avail . But Fortune ( as it were ) by her own right , challengeth the chiefest part to her self ; and whatsoever is prosperously carried , that altogether she leadeth . But yet of this glory ( O Caesar ) which a little before thou didst obtain , thou hast no companion : all that , how much soever it is , ( which truly is the chiefest ) all ( I say ) is thine . The Penturion , President , Ranks and Companies , have taken from thee none of this praise : Yea , even the Lady of Humane Affairs , Fortune offereth not her self into the society of this glory ; to thee she giveth place , and confesseth it all and wholly to be thine . Quest. Are not Instruments numbered among helping Causes ? A. Yes . Q. Give an example of it ? A. By this Argument the impious Epicure disputeth that the World was never made . Primo de Nat. For by what Eyes of the Mind ( saith he ) could your Plato behold the frame of so great a Work , whereby he maketh it constructed and builded of God ? what labour ? what ironhinges ? what lever ? what devices ? what ministers were there of so great a work ? CAP. 5. The Efficient by it self or an Accident . Q. What is that that which effecteth by the 〈◊〉 〈…〉 ans ? A. That which effecteth by it self or an Accident . Q. How effecteth it by it self ? A. When it effecteth by its own faculty . Q. How effecteth it by its own faculty ? A. When it effecteth by nature or counsel . Q. Give an example of that which effecteth by Nature ? A. The efficient of the winds is natural . Aeneid . 1. The East and South winds on the Sea do blow , They rush through deep , till on the top they show The Affrick oft with these his blasts conjoyns , And so the floods are cast up by the winds . Q. Give some example of that which effecteth by counsel ? A. That confession of Cicero touching himself , is an example of Counsel . The War taken in hand ( O Caesar ) waged also for the most part , not constrained by any of my judgement and will ; I came forth to those Wars which were undertaken against thee . Q. How doth the Efficient Cause effect by an Accident ? A. When it effecteth by an external faculty . Q. How doth it effect by an external faculty ? A. When it is done by Necessity or Fortune . Q. How by Necessity ? A. When as the Efficient is constrained to the Effect . Q. Give an example of this ? A. There is one in the excuse of the Pompenians . But to me truly ( saith the Orator ) if there may be sought out a proper and true name of our evil , it doth seem that we are faln into a certain fatal calamity , that hath occupied the unprovident mindes of men ; that none should wonder how humane Counsel is overcome by Divine Necessity . Q. How by Fortune ? A. When somewhat happeneth beyond the scope of the Efficient . Q. Give an example ? A. So the case chanced ( saith Tullius tertio de Nat. deo . ) That Pherius the enemy was profitable to Jason , who opened his impostume with his sword ; which the Physicians could by no means heal . Q. May not Impudence be numbered amongst these kind of Causes ? A. Yes . Q. Give an example ? A. Ovid. de Trist. 2. Why hurtful light , or ought else did I see ? The fault was mine and not unknown to me , Wise Acteon Diana naked saw , And food became to 's dogs devouring maw . Blind Fortune 'mongst the Gods is surely blamed , Ne pardon gets , the Gods she hath so harmed . Q. Do not Deprecations then proceed from hence ? A. Yes . Q. Give an example ? A. Pro P L. Pardon O Father : he hath erred : he is slipped : he thought not : if ever hereafter . And a little after I have erred : I have done rashly : it repenteth me : I fly to thy clemency : I ask pardon for mine offence : I intreat thee that thou wilt pardon me . Q. What first caused the name of Fortune ? A. The ignorance of the Causes have feigned this name : for when as something happened beyond counsel and hope , it was called by the common people Fortune . Q. What is Juvenals Opinion of it ? A. Wise if we were , no God should want but Fortune : We place thee high , and often thee importune . CAP. 6. The Matter . Q. What is the Matter ? A. The Matter is the cause of which the thing is . Q. Give an example out of some Poet ? A. By this feigned Argument the house of the Sun is compounded of Gold , Carbuncles , Ivory and Silver . Ovid. 2. Metamorf . The Suns high place was built with Pillars tall , The Gold did shine Carbuneles flames let fall : The top thereof was laid with Ivory neat , And silver doors in portal shined feet . Aeglog . 3. A merry Musor fram'd of Beech in tree , Carv'd work , by hand of divine Alcimeden , 'T is round impaled with a scattering trail Of tender Vine , and over all between , A pale green Ivy , wherewith as a vale , The thick diffused cluster shaded been . Q. Give an example out of some Orator ? Q. Caesar. 1. Bel. Civil . Caesar commanded his Soldiers to make ships of that kind , which in former years the use of the Britains had taught him : first they made the keil and pins of light matter , the rest of the body of the ship being knit together with Osiers , was covered over with Leather . CAP. 7. The Form. Q. The first kinde of the Cause , in the Efficient and Matter being expounded ; the second followeth , in the Form and the End ; what therefore is the Form ? A. The Form is the Cause by which the thing is that which it is . Q. What is the benefit of it ? A. From hence the thing is distinguished from all other things , and the Form is ingenerated together with the thing it self . Q. Give some example of it ? A. A reasonable soul is the form of a man , because by it a man is a man , and is distinguished from all other creatures thereby . The form of Geometrical Figures is in Triangles and Quadrangles . Heaven , Earth , Trees , Fishes , are the form of Physical things . From whence the chief explication of things , as it is by nature , so ( if it may be found out . ) it shall be , as in artificial things it is more easily met withall . Q. Give an example out of some Orator ? A. Caesar. lib. 7. But all the French walls are almost of this form , the beams long and plain , with equal distance between them about two foot , are placed upon the foundation . These are bound within , and fastened very strongly : for those spaces ( of which we spake ) are filled up to the top with great stones . These placed and knit together , another row is also added , that the same might keep the spaces : neither do the beams touch one another , but being distant by equal spaces , all of them are strongly fastened , great stones being placed between them . And even so is the whole work knit together until the just height of the wall be fulfilled . This work therefore is not deformed , as well for the comeliness and variety , beams and stones being by courses , which keep their rowes in right loins , as , because it hath the chief strength for profit and defence of cities ; because it doth defend both from the mischief of stones , and the material Ram , which with its forty feet , being oft bound to the long beams inward , can neither be broken or drawn back again . Q. Give an example out of some Poet ? A. Aeneid . 1. Virgil describeth the form of his port . Between two Seas two Islands there doth lie , Side-wayes they 'r made , the water runs fast by . Huge double rocks that do reach up to heaven , Under the which the seas lie still and calm : And by that place green woods there are growing , Forth from the same comes great black darkness flowing . Under which rock a den's made very fleet , Wherein 's rich living stones , and waters sweet : Houses for Nimphs , and chains for ships there laid , Which would not by the anchor or the chains be staid . CAP. 8. The End. Q. What is the end ? A. The end is the cause for whose sake the thing is . Q. Give example ? A. To Physical things the proposed End is man to man , God. There is some chief good and last end of all Arts : as to speak well , of Grammer : to plead well , of Rethorick : to dispute well , of Logick . Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. Aeneid . 1. Juno assumeth the end of Marriage , when as she promiseth Deip●peia to Eolus , to wit , for solace and childrens sake . Nimphs full fourteen I have of bodies rare But who so is most beautiful and fair , Even Deiopeia I to thee do give Her year in marriage state with thee to live ? Thee to reward for thy love unto me , And cause thine off-spring beautiful to be . Q. Give an example out of some Orator ? A. Cicero pro L●g . urgeth Tubero his accuser , when as he presseth the end of the Wars takenup against Cesar. And truly ( saith he ) he is come forth armed against Caesar himself . But what did this Tubero his sword do in the Pharsalian Army ? ●hose sides did the sharp point aim at ? who was to feel the force of thy weapon : where was thy minde , eyes , hands , courage ? what didst thou desire ? what didst thou wish ? CAP. 9. The Effects . Q. What is the Effect ? A. The Effect is that which ariseth from the causes , whether begotten or corrupted , or whether any thing be moved by any means . Here the motion , and the thing done by motion , is called the Effect . Of this place are praises and dispraises , of which sacred and prophane books are full . Q. Give example of this out of some Poet ? A. Aeneid . 6. The facts of diverse people are compared to the praises of the Romans . Some finely carve upon the boiling brass , They 'l on the marble grave a living face , They wish the causes better , they 'l descry Heavens shining parts , and tell the stars i th' sky : Remember thou Romes people brave to rule , These things shall be thine art , peace to impose , To spare thy subjects , and subdue proud foes . Q. What else cometh under this Head ? A. Hitherto are speeches and writings referr'd . Q. Give an example ? A. Pericles and Hortentius did celebrate the praise of pleading well : and by ●the same argument also , Demosthenes and Cicero of writing well . Q. What further ? A. To this place are referred Councels and Deliberations , although not brought to their end . Q. Give an example ? A. Parmenio and Phylotus were beaten to death , because they were suspected to be of the conspiracy against Alexander , as Curtius and Arianus have remembred touching Lentulus , Cethegus , and others the complices of Cateline ; they suffered punishment by judgement of the Senate . Q. Have not Vertues and Vices their effects also ? A. Yes . Q. Give an example ? A. Horace after this manner describeth the Effects of Drunkenness . Secrets it shews , and Hope it doth command ; Unto the Wars it drives , although unarm'd : It takes the burthen from the careful man , It teacheth art to all that will or can . Whoev'r was drunk that wanted Eloquence ? Was any poor that used this defence . CAP. 10. The Subject . Q. The argument agreeing after a certain manner succeedeth , what is that then ; A. The subject and Adjunct . Q. What is the Subject ? A. The subject is that to which any thing is adjoyned . Q. Make this plainer by examples ? A. The minde is the Subject of science , ignorance , vertue , vice , because these happen beside the being . The body , of health , sickness , strength , weakness , beauty , deformity . Man is the Subject of riches , poverty , honour , infamy , apparell , company . The place is the Subject of the thing placed . Q. How prove you this last by testimony and example ? A. The Philosophers attribute a place to Divine beings although wanting part and greatness . So the place of Geometry , and the difference of places is in Geometrical things . So of Physick , it is more diligently considered in Physical things . In the world , in simple Elements , in Compound things . Q. Give an example out of some Poet ? A. So Virgil in his Georgicks admonisheth , that the place be diligently sought out for things proposed : as corn , trees , plants , pastures . Before we pass into a Sea unknown , Know we the wind and various manner of heaven ; Our native soil , and every habitation , What will refuse or grow in any nation : Some beareth corn , th' other with grapes doth pass , Some with tall trees , the rest with unsown grass . Q. Proceed further in explicating the Subject ? A. The subject of senses are called sensibles ; of vertues or vices , things proposed to vertues or vices . Q. Give an example of the former ? A. Colour is the subject of the sight , sound of the hearing ; because these senses are occupied and exercis'd in the sensibles Q. Give an example of the latter ? A. Vertues and Vices are set forth in moral Phylosophy by this Argument , Temperance and Intemperance , by Pleasure : Magnanimity and Sloth , by Danger : Liberality and Covetousn●ss , by Riches . Q. Ezplicate the Subject further ? A. So things numerable of Arithmetick : measurable ( as I may say ) are the subjects of Geometry . Q. Give example of the Subject out of some Orator ? A. By the same Subject Cicero ( second Agra ) disputeth , that there was no contention amongst the people of Campania , because there was no honour . They are not carried ( saith he ) with the desire of glory , because where there is no publique honour , there the desire of glory cannot be . There is no discord , neither by contention nor ambition ; for there is nothing for which they should strive , nothing for which they should war , nothing for which they should contend . Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. Propertius useth this Argument . Of winds 〈◊〉 Saylors talk , the Husbandmen of bulls , The Soldiers of their wounds , and Shepherds of their wools . CAP. 11 The Adjunct . Q. What is the Adjunct . A. The Adjunct is that to which any thing is subjected : which Argument though it be lighter then the Subject , yet more copious and frequent : therefore of its signs Ovid speakth , Second Rom. Anno. Some man ( for such there be ) may count this small , Yet that helps some which doth not profit all . Q. Make this plainer ? A. Those things which are called good and evil of the mind , Body , and the whole man , are the Adjuncts of the minde , body , man : also whatsoever happeneth without the Subject is the adjunct . Q. May not time also be reduced unto this Head ? A Yes , as place was in the Subject , so is time in the Adjunct , viz. the enduring of things past , present , to come . Q. What further is comprised under this head ? A. All those qualities beside the causes , adjoyned to the subject , whether they be proper or common . Q. What is Proper ? A. That which agreeth only and wholly with the subject , as laughing with a man ; neying with a horse , barking with a dog . Q. what is Common ? A. That which is not proper after this manner . Q. Give example of the Adjunct out of some Orator ? A. By this kinde of argument , Cicero in the defence of Ros●cius the Comedian , cavelleth with Fanius Chercus . Doth not his head and eye-brows altogether bald , seem to favour of malice , and cry out of deceit ? doth he not seem to be compounded from the foot to the head , ( if a man may conjecture by his shape ) of frauds , fallacies , lies ? Who therefore is altogether bald on the head and eye-brows , lest he should be said to have one hair of a good man. Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. So Martial lib. 2. mocketh Zoylus . Red hair , black mouth , short feet , and ilk squint eyes , 'T is marvel Zoylus if goodness in thee lies . Q. What further may be reduced under this head ? A. Garments and company are Adjuncts . Q. Give example ? A. By this kinde of circumstance , Dido going a hunting is magnificently set forth , Aeneid . 4. The morn appear'd , Dido forsook the sea , The day stir up , to th' heaven youth guides the way : Both nets and gins , with pike-staves , all were ready , Messalian horse , with hunting dogs so greedy . Princes did wait , the slow queen did expect , With fair clad horse , her way for to direct . Forth cometh she at length with mighty train , In her long robe , with many a long seam ? Her horse down trap , with gold her hair was trest , Her robes with golden hooks , together did she wrest . Q. What is the benefit of Adjuncts ? A. There is great use of Adjuncts to the subject by which they are occupied . Q. Give example . A. By this argument Plato foretold those cities to be miserable , where the multitude of Physicans and Judges were wanting : because , of necessity , there was conversant in those cities , both Intemperance and Injustice . And thus much for the place of agreeings , from whence every agreeing argument may be said to be one or the same : and all manner of Unity and ( as I may say ) Identity are referred hither , as the first and simple fountains . CAP. 12. Diverses . Q. You have expounded the first agreeing argument : the disagreeing followeth , what then is disagreeing ? A. That which disagreeth from the thing . Q. How are disagreeings manifested ? A. Disagreeings are equally manifested amongst themselves and equally argued one of another , although they do more clearly shine in their disagreeings . Q. What are the kindes of disagreeings ? A. Two : Diverse and Opposite . Q. What are Diverses ? A. Diverses are disagreeings , which disagree only in reason . Q. What are the most frequent notes of speech for this Argument ? A. These . Not this , but that ; although , yet . Q. Give some example from some Orator ? A. Pro Pompeio . He carried not the victory , but the ensigns of the victory . Q. Give some other examples . A. Ovid secund . Art. Amand. Ulisses was not fair but Eloquent . Aeneid . 2. This Priamus though held in dust of death , Yet ceased not . Also this of the like matter , Pro Lig. callest thou that wicked , ( O Tubero ) why , he hath not hitherto deserved this name . For some called error , some fear , that which more hardly , hope , desire , hatred , pertinacy , the most grave temerity , none wicked besides thy self . CAP. 13. Disparates . Q. What are Opposites ? A. Opposites are disagreeings , which disagree in reason and thing ; therefore cannot be attributed to the same according to the same , and at the same time . Q. Make this plain by example ? A. So Socrates cannot be black and white of one and the same part ; father and son of the same man ; whole and sick at the same time : but he may be white on the one part , black on another ; father of this , son of that man ; sound to day , sick to morrow . Q. It should seem by this , that the one being affirmed , the other is denied ? A. So it is . Q. What are the kindes of Opposites ? A. Disparates , or Contraries . Q. What are Disparates ? A. Disparates are opposites whereof one is opposed equally to many . A. Give example ? A. Green , Ash-colour , Red , are means between White and Black , which are Disparates , both with the extreams and among themselves . So liberality and covetousness are Disparates among themselves . So , a man , a tree , a stone , and infinite of this kinde are Disparates ; neither can one thing be , a man , a tree , a stone . Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. Virgil. Aeneid . 1. disputeth by this argument . O virgin , how shall I remember thee ! Whose countenance not mortal seems to be : Toy voice is sure above the humane reach , Both which thee Goddeses proves , and so do teach . CAP. 14. Relates . What are Contraries ? A. Contraries are opposites , whereof one is opposed to one only . Q. What are the kindes of it ? A. They are either affirming or denying . Q. What is affirming ? A. Affirming is that of which both of them affirm . Q. How many Kindes hath it ? A. Two , Relate and Adverses . Q. What are Relates ? A. Relates are Contraries affirming , of which one consisteth of the mutual affection of the other : and from hence they are named Relates . Q. Make this plain by example ? A. The Father who hath a Son , and the Son who hath a Father are Relates . Q. They may seem by this to be together by nature ? A. So they are , so that he which perfectly knoweth the one , knoweth all the rest . Q. Give some examples of Relates ? A. Pro Mare . By which thou truly understandest how much praise there is for the benefit given , when as for the receiving is so much glory . Marc. against Sosib. Sosibian , thou yield'st , thou wast born thrall , When flattering thou thy Father Lord dost call . So Quint. Lib. 5. Cap. 10. If it be honest to place himself at Rhoades , and to lodge at Hirmaereon . After which manner Tullius , in the perfect oration . It is therefore dangerous ( saith he ) lest any should think it dishonesty , to teach that in the great and glorious Art to others , which it was honesty for him to learn. Q. Doth not earnest affection sometimes flow from these Relates ? A. Yes . Q. Give example out of some Orator ? A. Cicero in his Oration hath brought forth a certain earnest affection from these Relates . Now these are grave ( saith he ) Wife of the Son in law , Step-mother of the Son , anp Bawd of the Daughter . Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. All this Ovid hath effected maniefestly in his description of the Iron Age , Met. 1. ●e doth the guest safe in his Inn remain , His Host him troubles who doth him retain : Sisters ev'n from their Brethren are not free , The Husband longs the death of 's Wife to see ; She hateth him , and 'gainst him doth conspire ; The cursed Stepdame's always in an Ire , The Son before his time doth's Fathers years enquire . Q. But the Argument of such Relations hath nothing contrary : yea , it rather argueth mutual causes : as , thou art my Father , I therefore am thy Son , how then appeareth the Contraries ? A. When I say I am Father , I am not therefore thy Son , then are the Contraries true . CAP. 15. Adverses . Q. What are adverses . A. Adverses are Contraries affirming , which are perpetually adverse among themselves . Give example out of some Poet ? A. Aeneid 11. No health in war , we all desire Peace . Q. Give further example ? A. White and black , hot and cold , vertue and vice are opposed . Q. Give example out of some Orator ? A. Parad. 1. Cont. Epe . Yet they do hold strongly and defend accurately , that pleasure is the chief good : which to me truly doth seem to be the voice of Beasts , not of Men ; when as whether God , or Nature ( as I may say ) the mother of all things hath given thee a soul , then which nothing is more excellent , nothing more divine ; dost thou so cast and throw down thy self , as that thou thinkest there is no difference betwixt thee and the four-footed Beasts . Q. Wherein consists the force of this example ? A. Cicero hath opposed beasts and men , Adverses : pleasure is the good of beasts , and therefore of men . Q. Give another example out of some Poet ? A. So Liberty and Servitude in Tib. Lib. 2. So Servitude I see prepared for me , Yet Parents Freedom would far better be . Q. Give example out of an Orator ? A. Pro Marcel . For Temerity is never joyned with Wisdom , neither is Chance admitted to Counsel . CAP. 16. Contradicents . Q. Having spoken of contraries affirming , we are come to contraries denying , what are they then ? A. Contraries denying are such , of which one saith , the other denieth the same . Q. What are the kindes ? A. They are Contradicents or Privants . Q. What are Contradicents ? A. Contradicents are Contraries denying , of which one denieth every where . Q. Give example ? A. Just , not just ; a creature , not a creature ; it is , it is not : These are Contradicents . Q. Give example out of some Orator ? A. Pro Murena . The sentence of Cato and Cicero are contraries ; this of the Stoicks , that man of the Academicks . The Dialogue is in these words . Thou hast known nothing , yea something , but not all things . Thou hast done nothing meerly for thanks , yet refuse not thanks when as thine office and trust requireth it . Be not moved with mercy in condemning . But yet there is some praise of humanity . Stand in thine own opinion , except a better should overcome . Q. Give example from some Poet ? A. Mart. lib. 2. Th' art fair Fabulla , rich , and all 's a maid , Can you deny , 't is truth that I have said ? But if thou boastest of thy self too much , Th' art neither fair , a virgin , nor yet rich . Q. Give another example out of some Orator ? A. Cicero primo Tusc. Forceth Atticus the Epicure by this argument to confess , that the Dead were not miserable , if they were not at all , as the Epicures believe ; I had rather ( saith he ) thou shouldest fear Cerberus , then speak so inconsiderately . Atticus , why ? Marcus , that which thou deniest , that thou sayest . Where is thy wit ? For when as thou sayest he is miserable , thou then sayest , he is , which is not . Then after long disputation Atticus said , go to now I grant that those which are dead are not miserable ; because thou hast forced me to confess , that they be not at all , lest they should be miserable . Q. Give another example ? A. Terrence in Ev. Phedria frameth his speech to Dorus , when as he had affirmed that which he denied afterwards . After a manner ( saith he ) he saith , after a manner he denieth . CAP. 17. Privants . Q. What are Privants ? A. Privants are contraries denying , of which one denieth in the same Subject only , in which the Affirmative ( of its own nature ) is . Q. What is the Affirmative called ? A. The Habit. Q. And what the Negative ? A. Privation . Q. Make this plainer ? A. Motion and Rest , Drunkenness and Sobriety , are comprised under this Head. Q. Give example ? A. Mart. Lib. 3. Th' art drunken sure , sober thou would'st not do 't . Q. What may further be under this Head ? A. To be blinde , and to see . Give example ? A. Pro Celio . There is therefore one of this family , and he truly is greatly blinde : for he shall take no grief who shall not see her . Q. What may further be under this Head ? A. Poverty and Riches are thus opposed . Q. Give example ? A. Mart. Lib. 5. Poor shalt thou be Emilian , if poor ; Wealth 's never given but to the rich before . Q. What further ? A. Death and Life . A. Give example ? A. Cont. Mil. Sit ye still , O revengers of this mans death , whose life if you thought you could restore , would you ? Q. What further ? A. Silence and Speech . Give example ? A. Primo Cat. What expectest thou the authority of the Speakers , whose silence thou beholdest to be their pleasures ? Q. What more ? A. Mortality and Immortality . Q. Give example ? A. Pro Marc. I grieve when as the Common Wealth ought to be immortal , that it consisteth of one mortal life . And this sufficeth to be spoken of disagreeing , from whence every thing may differ from another by certain means . CAP. 18. Equalls . Q. Simple Arguments were agreeings and disagreeings ; we are now come unto Comparatives ; what are Comparatives therefore . A. Comparatives are those which are compared amongst themselves . Q. How are they manifested ? A. Although they be equally known by the nature of Comparison , yet one to another is more known and illustrated then another : and oftentimes are judged by shorter notes , sometimes distinguished by fuller parts . Q. What may these parts be called ? A. They are named the Proposition and Redition . Q. May not Comparatives also argue Fictions ? A. Yes , Comparatives to argue feigned things , and do cause trust . Q. What be the kindes of Comparisons ? A. Comparison , is in Quantity or Quality . Q. What is Quantity ? A. Quanity is that whereby is shewed how much the thing compared is . Q. What be the kindes of Quantity ? A. Equalls or Unequalls . Q. What are Equalls ? A. Equalls are those of which there is one Quantity . Q. What is an equal Argument then ? A. An equal Argument is , when an equal is explicated by an equal . Q. What are the Notes of it ? A. Even , equal , like , the same , that , so much the more , how much the more , by so much , by how much , so much , how much , not more , not less . Q. Give example ? A. Aeneid 2. Equal with light winds . Aeneid 3. And now't should grow in equal age with thee . Aeneid 6. Behold this thing , Great Rome with earth is even , The spirit of man shall also equal heaven . Q. What further is necessary to these equals ? A. A Proposition or Reddition doth distinguish them . Q. Give example out of some Orator ? A. Quart. Cat. Whose things done , and the vertue to the same , by which things only the course is contained in its regions and bounds . Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. Aeneid 4. As well a bruiter of things false that be , As messenger of truth and verity . Cat. By how much I am worst of Poets all , By so much the men best of patrons call . Ovid de Trist. 4. As many shells on shore , as roses sweet ; As many sleep , as men , by poppy seeds do get ; As many beasts in woods , fish in the sea do lie ; As many birds as in the ayrie heavens do fly : So many griefs me pass , their number should I tell , Icarian waters I must surely number well . Q. Proceed to further examples ? A. Phil. 9. Neither had he more skill of the law then of justice : therefore those things which the laws had brought forth , chiefly the civil , he always referred to ease and equity : neither had he rather approve actions of strife , then take away controversies . Ovid de Art. Amand. T is no less vertue for to keep then get . Pro Mur. I acknowledge this to be equal for Lucius Murena : and so equal , that neither he shall be overcome by dignity , neither by dignity shall overcome thee . Phil. 2. Whose burthen being common , why not a common pray of them . Ter. in Adelph . When as I care not for thine , care not thou for mine . Q. What may further be comprised under this head ? A. Of this place are those that follow derived truly from contraries , but treated of in the place of Equals ; as this of Mart. Sosibian thou yield'st , thou wast born thrall , When flattering thou thy father lord dost call . Ovid. 1. Fast. There 's price in price , the Censors honours give ; He giveth friendship , poor alone doth live . Q. But are they not more frequent from adverses ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Cicero Syl. Neither do I understand my self to have been angry . But if I defend him whom thou accusest , why should I not be angry with thee , who accusest him whom I defend ? he saith , I accuse mine own enemy ; and I said , I defend my friend . So primo Tusc But when as they confess that there is force enough in vices to cause a miserable life , why should it not be granted that there is force enough in vertues to effect a blessed life . Q. It should seem by this , that contraries are sequences of contraries ? A. So they are . Q. What may further be comprised under this head ? A. Sometimes there is put forth like for like . Q. Give example ? A. Such is the contention of the shepherds in Virgil. Aegl g. 3. D 〈…〉 tas first of all putting forth this riddle . ●ell in what place , and I will herry thee , For great Apollo's self , the welken large ●ust three ells broad , and no more , seems to be . And Menalcas answering in this other riddle . ●ell in what place the flowers have their marge , With Kings names in their leaves inscribed plain ; And to thy self take Phillis for thy pain . Q. Give example of feigned equals ? A. Feigned equals are such as is in Aeschinus Sacraticus , ●erein Socrates sheweth Aspatia , speaking to Zenophons wife and Zenophon himself . Tell me , I pray thee , thou wife of Zenophon , if thy neighbor should have better gold then thou , whether hadst thou rather have hers or thine ? hers , said she . And if she have a gown , and other womens garments of a greater price then thou , whether hadst thou rather have hers or thine ? hers , said she . Go to then , if she have a better husband then thou , hadst thou rather have hers ? here the woman blushed . But Aspatia spake to Zenophon himself , I pray thee ( said she ) if thy neighbor have a better horse then thou , hadst thou rather have his or thine ? his , said he . But if he have better ground then thou , whether hadst thou rather have ? his , said he , viz. the best . But if he have a better wife then thou hast , whether hadst thou rather have his or thine ? And here Zenophon also himself held his peace . CAP. 18. Greaters . Q. What are unequals ? A. Unequals are those of which the quantity is not one . Q. What be the kindes of unequals ? A. Unequal is greater or lesser . Q. What is greater ? A. Greater is that which quantity exceedeth . Q. What be the proper notes of it ? A. Not only , but also ; I had rather this , then that ; more also by Grammatical comparison . Q. Give example . A. Bicero pro Mur. There is taken from amongst us not only that verbal counterfeit of Prudence , but also that Lady of things , Wisdom it self . The thing is carried by force , not only the hateful Orator in pleading , or the pratler , but also the truly good is despised . A horrid soldier is loved . Q. Is not a certain Logical gradation , sometimes joyned with a Rethorical climax taken from hence ? A. Yes . Q. Shew example ? A. Pro mil. Neither did he so handle himself to the people only , but also to the Senate ; neither to the Senate only but to the Publique , President , and Soldiers : neither to these alone , but also to the power of those , to whom the care of Senate , Soldiers , and the whole Commonwealth of Italy was committed . Qu. Give a Poetical example ? A. Ju. Sat. 8. Against a proud Noble man. Rather had I Thirses thy fire should be , Whilst that Aeacides is like to thee : And that thou shouldst with Vulcan armor make , Then for Achilles son men should thee take ; Or that thy feature should like Thirses be . Q. Proceed to further example ? A. Pro. Marc. Having more admiration then glory . Aeneid . 1. O fellows we these evils knew before ! God will them end , we greater far have bore . Cic. pro Mur. Be not so unjust , that when as thy fountains are opened by thine enemies , our rivers should be stopped up even by our friends . Q. Give an example of a gradation , without a rethorical climax ? A. Ter. Thr. But doth Thais give me many thanks for it ? Gn. Many . Thr. sayest thou so ? is she glad ? Gn. Not so much for the gift it self , as that it was given by thee ; for that she triumpheth in good earnest . Q. Are not also greaters feigned ? A. Yes , and of great force . Q. Give example ? A. Ter. Hort. A Noble man if he be made a lover can never undergo the charges , much less thou then . Aeneid . 5. O great Aeneas , although Jove should not Promise to help or aid me now one jot ! I hope that Italy shall reach to heaven , The winds once charged their forces cross have driven : Arising from black night i' th city cast , Our power is weak , our greatest strength but waste . CAP. 20. Lessers Q. What is Lesser ? A. Lesser is that whose quantity is exceeded . Q. How is a Lesser judged ? A. Oftentimes by proper notes . Q. What be these notes ? A. Not only , but not at all : rather this then that , when as , as also . Q. How else ? A. By Grammatical comparison , Q. How lastly ? A. By the denying of parts . Q. Give example of the notes out of some Orator ? A. Cic. secund . Cat. No man not only of Rome , but in no corner of all Italy , was ever oppressed with so great a tax , as that he once knew of so incredible a Caesar. Cat. 1. Thou canst rather as an Exul tempt , then as a Consul vex the Commonwealth . Ag. 2. Which when to all it is very hard , and an evil reason , then truly to me above the rest . Q. Give Poetical examples . A. Ovid. Trist. 1. More fierce then Busiros , more fierce then he , Who in slow fire his Ox burnt furiously . Ovid. pri . de . Rem . Amor. Thy body to redeem bear sword and fire , Ne drink to cool thy thirsty hot desire : To save thy soul wilt thou not all forbear , This part exceeds the other price by far . Q. Give example of those which are done by denying of parts ? A. Phil. 9. All in all ages who have had the understanding of the Law in this City , if they might be brought together into one place , are not to be equalled with Servius Sulpitius . Cat. 2. Although those which say that Catilina is gone to Messilia , do not so much complain of it , as fear it . Q. Is it not sometimes without notes ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Pro Mur. Thou art so much wanting from the perfection of great works , as the foundation , which thou thinkest thou hast not yet laid . Pro Arch. The stones and deserts oftentimes answer to the voice ; wilde beasts are tamed and subdued by singing ; shall not then the instructions of the Poets in the best thing move us ? Q. Is there not also a gradation from lessers ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Ver 7. Is it a great act to over throw the city Rome , to beat a Knave , to kill a Parricide , what shall I say ? to hang him upon the gallows . Q. Are not lessers also sometimes feigned ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Virg. Aeglog . 1. The light-heeld hyndes in th' air shall feed therefore , And in the Ocean all the fishes die , For want of water , on the naked shore . The wandring Parthyan first shall drinken dry Huge Araxis ; and gusling Germany , Suck down their thirsty throats swift Tigris tide , Ere his dear lovely face shall from my bosom slide . Q. Give another exmple ? A. Phil. 2. O filthy thing , not only in the sight , but also to hear of ! if it had happened to thee amongst thine inhumane Pots , who would not accounted it filthy ? But in the assembly of the Romans about publique affairs , the master of the horse , to whom it is not comely to belch , he vomiting a crust of bread and wine , filled his lap and all the Tribunal with stink . CAP. 21. Likes Q. You have expounded Comparison in Quantity , Comparison in Quality followeth ; what therefore is Quality ? A. Quality is that whereby the things compared are said to be such . Q. What are the kindes of quality ? A. Like or Dislike . Q. What are Likes ? A. Likes are those of which there is the same quality . Q. What are likes called ? A. Likes , is called proportion , as the likes are proportionable . Q. What are the notes of likeness , whereby it is concluded in one word ? A. Likes , Effigies , in that manner , as also denials of dislikeness . Q. What be they ? A. Such as this , not otherwise . Q. Give example of the first sort ? A. Aeneid . 1. His mouth and shoulders being like to God Phil. 9. Although Servius Suspicius could leave no clearer monument then his son , the e 〈…〉 gies of his manners , vertues , constancy , piety , wit. Q. Give example out of some Poet ? A. Ovid Trist. 1. For he or none , even he that made the wound , Only Achilles 't is can make me sound Q. Proceed to farther examples ? A. In Phis. There was one day which was to me the likeness of immortality , wherein I returned to my countrey . Ver 1. But presently from the same likeness of a man , as it were by some Circean pot , he is made a Bear. Pro Pomp. Therefore all in this place do behold Cons. Pompeius not as one sent from the city , but fallen from heaven . Aeneid . 3. They do not that which I have commanded . Ter. I am not , neither have been otherwise then he . Q. What is the partition of likeness A. Disjoyned or continued . Q. What is a disjoyned similitude ? A. A disjoyned similitude is when as four terms are distinguished to the thing . Q. Give example ? A. Aeglog . 5. So me thy song , as sleep on grass doth quench The traveller , his weary limbs to drench . Q. What is the force of this example ? A. The songs to the hearers , as sleep to the weary , are four distinct terms . Q. Give another example ? A. Ad fratrem . As the best Governous cannot overcome the force of the tempest , so the wisest men oftentimes cannot overcome the violence of fortune . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. Here are four terms , as the governor to the ship , so wise men to fortune . Q. Proceed to farther example ? A. Trist. 1. Even as the yellow gold in flaming fire is seen , So men may trust , behold , in time that 's sharp and keen . Cic. Phil. 2. But even as those who in a great sickness do not taste the sweetness of meat , so the lustful , covetous , wicked , have not the taste of true praise . Virg. made these verses . All 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , next day the signs are seen , ●E 〈◊〉 parted Caesar and Jove between . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 arrogated them to himself and obtained a great 〈◊〉 ; therefore Virgil in these Verses mocketh Ba 〈…〉 . I made these Rimes , another had the Land , So Birds , 〈◊〉 nests not for your selves have made ; So you , O Bees , make honey not for you ; So you , O Sheep , bear wool but not for you ; So you , O O 〈…〉 n plow , but not for you . Q. Are not the notes sometimes omitted ? A. Yes , sometimes there is no note at all Q. Give an example ? A. Virg. Aeglog . 2. Ah my fair Boy ! trust not thy hew too much , Hurtles though black , by every handsom hand Are pluck'd while Dazies none vouchsafe to touch , All be they white , yet shed they as they stand . Q. What is continual likeness ? A. A continual likeness is when as the first term is to the second , so the second to the third . Give an example ? A. De. Leg. 3. See you not that this is the Migistrates power , that he should rule and prescribe right , profitable , and agreeing things with the Lawes : for as the Lawes do govern the Magistrates , so the Magistrates do rule the people . Q. What is the force of this example ? A. Here are three terms , Lawes , Magistrates , People . Q. Have not feigned likenesses equal force with these above ? Yes . Q. Give example ? A. It appeareth chiefly in this explicated similitude of Aesop his Apology taken out of Horace . Epist. 1. But if Romes people ask me happily , Why not 'mongst Judges on the Bench sit I ; And do that which they love , fly that they hate ? I answer as the crafty Fox of late . When tooth-sick Lion he this message sent , Fain would I come , to that thing was I bent ; But that I saw the steps of many feet , That way to go , none back again to get . CAP. 22. Dislikes . Q. What are dislikes ? A. Dislikes are comparatives , whose quality is diverse . Q. What are the proper notes of dislikes ? A. Dislike , different , another , Q. Give example ? A. Pro Plan. Although the paying of money and thanks be unlike . Aeneid . 1. O ancient house ! O how unlike for that Lord to govern . Caes. Pri. Bel. Gal. All these differed in their tongues , instructions , lawes . Agra 2. One is known by his countenance , another by his voice , another by his gate . De Nat. Deo 2. Because I have begun to do otherwise then I had said in the beginning . Q. Are not dislikes also known by denying the likes ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. De Orat. 2. Philosophy is not like the other arts . Aeneid . 2. But he was not of that seed wherein thou rememberest Achilles , such was Priamus his enemy . Lor. Epist. 1. There is not the same age , the same minde , Ad frat . 1. So thy ring is not as a certain vessel , but as thy self . Phil. 3. This certain day he is wont to expect not so much of sacrafice as counsel . Qu. Give some Poetical examples . A. By this argument the shepherd confesseth his error . Aeglog . 1. Ah fond friend Melibe , I whilom dempt . That famous city which I now and then , In common chat amongst our countrey-men ; Have heard , yea cliped by the name of Rome , Certes for all the world cib to our homely home : and by and by , — so did I dare . Kids liken to their Goats , whelps to their dams , And mole-hills wont to mountains to compare . Qu. Shew the force of this example ? A. As neither the whelps to the dogs , nor kids to their dams , so neither is Mantua like to Rome . Q. Be not notes of dislikes sometimes wanting ? A. Yes , oftentimes , and the dislikeness is more clearly explicated . Q. Give an example out of some Orator ? A. Quint. L. 1. C. 11. Brutus slew the Children of the Traytors : Muntius did punish by death the vertue of his Son. Q. Give another example ? A. Cut. The Sun sets and riseth again : but when our little light setteth , there is a perpetual night . CAP. 23. Conjugates . Q. Hitherto you have expounded the first arguments , those derived from the first follow , what are they then ? A. Those derived from the first are these , which are even to that which they argue , as the first from whence they are derived . Q. VVhat be the kinds of these arguments ? A. A Conjugate , a Notation , a Distribution , and a Definition . Q. VVhat are Conjugates ? A. Conjugates are names drawn diversly from the same principal . Q. Give example ? A. Justice , Just , Justly . Q. Is there not a Symbol in Conjugates of agreeing arguments ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Propert. Lib. 2. Because in love there is no liberty , VVhoever loves that man , can ne'r be free . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. Here liberty is the cause why we should be free . Q. Give another example ? A. Cic. Nat. Deo. 2. Where he speaketh of Dionysius the tyrant . He commanded that the tables of silver , in which were the Images of the Gods , should be taken away ; in which after the manner of the Grecians should be ingraven , The goods of the Gods , saying , that he was willing to use of their goodness . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. The Gods are good , therefore their goodness is to be used : here from the effects it is directed to the causes . Q. Give another example ? A. Ter. I am a man , no humane thing is strange to me . A. Is it not sometimes from the Subject to the Adjunct ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Phil. 2. I will not handle thee as a Consul , lest thou handle me as one standing for the Consulship . In Pis. When as all the cause was of the Consuls and Senate , both the Consuls and Senate had need of my help . CAP. 24. Notations . Q. What is notation ? A. Notation is the interpretation of a name . Q. what are names ? A. Names truly are notes of things . Q. May there not be rendred a reason of the names ? A. Yes , either from the derivation or composition , if they be made by true notation , from some first argument . Q. Give example ? A. Homo ab humo . Ovid. Fast. 6. Stat vi terrasua , vi stando vest a vocatur . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. This is a notation from the cause . Q. Give another example ? A. At focus a flammis & quod fovit omnia dictus . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. This is a notation from the effects . Q. Give another example ? A. Vir. 4. O Verrea praeclara ! quid enim accessisti , quo non attuleris tecum istum diem ? & enim quam tu domum , quam urbem adiisti , quod fanum denique , quod non eversum atque extersum reliqueris ? quare appellentur sane ista Verrea quae non ex nomine , sed ex moribus , naturaque tua constituta esse videantur . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. This is also a notation from the effects . Q. Give another example ? A. Ovid. Fast. 1. Prima dies tibi carna datur , dea cardinis haec est , Nomine clausa aperit , claudit aperta sua . Q. Wherein is the force of this example ? A. This is a notation from the subjects in the inward , about which the Deity of this Goddess is exercised . Q. Give another example ? A. From the adjuncts , there is a notation from Bambalion . Phil. 2. Quia balbus & stupidus : hinc igitur cavilatio in Antonium generum . Tuae conjugis , bonae faeminae , locupletatis quidem certe , Bambalio quidem pater , homo nullo numero , nihil illo contemptius , qui propter haesitantiam linguae stuporemque cordis cognomen ex contumelia traxer it . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. This is a notation from adjuncts . Q. Are there not notations also from disagreeings ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Quint. Lib. 1. Cap. 6 Lucus , quia umbra apacus , parum l●ceat . & ludus , quia sit longissime a lusu , & dies quia minime dives . Q. May not notation be also from comparatives ? A. Yes . Q. Give example : A. Pyropus , quod ignis slammam imitetur . Q. But is there not , as to the notation to his name , so an affection of the name to the notation . A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Animi plenus ergo animosus . Q. Shew the contrary ? A. Animosus , ergo animi plenus . CAP. 25. Distribution . Q. What are the other derived arguments ? A. Distribution and Definition . Q. Is there not a reciprocal affection in both these ? A. Yes . Q. What is the affection in the distribution ? A. Of all parts with the whole . Q. What is the affection in the definition ? A. Of the definition with the things designed . Q. What is a distribution ? A. A distribution is , when the whole is distributed into parts . Q. What is the whole A. The whole is that which containeth parts . Q. What are parts ? A. Parts are those which are contained of the whole . Q. It should seem then that the distinction of the whole into parts is distribution ? A. So I said . Q. What is then the collection of the parts to the making up of the whole ? A. It is called induction . Q. Whence is distribution taken ? A. Distribution is taken from arguments altogether agreeing , but disagreeing amongst themselves : therefore it shall be by so much more accurate , by how much the agreeings of the parts shall be with the whole , and the disagreeings among themselves . CAP. 26. The distribution from the Cause . Q. Whence is the first distribution ? A. The first distribution is from absolute agreeings . Q. What are these absolute agreeings ? A. The causes and effects . Q. What is distribution from the causes ? A. Distribution from the causes , is when the parts are causes of the whole . Here the distribution of perfect into its members is greatly praised . Q. What is perfect ? A. Perfect is the whole , to which the parts are essential . Q. What is a member ? A. A member is a part of the whole . Q. Give example ? A. Grammer is divided into Etymology and Syntaxis ; Rhetorick , into Elocution and Action ; Logick , into Invention and Judgement : for those Arts constituted of those parts . Q. What is the principal distribution ? A. When the explication of a longer thing is received . Q. Give examples ? A. Georg. 1. What makes glad corn , and how to till the ground , How to plant elms that be so strong and sound ; How to guide oxen , cattel how to tend , And how the little pretty be desend , I will declare . — Q. Give another example ? A. Cic. pro Mur. I understand , O you Judges , that the whole accusation hath three parts , one of which is in reprehension of life , another in contention of dignity , the third touching the fault . Q. How is the second kinde of handling this kinde of argument ? A. Either from the parts to the whole ; or from the whole to the parts . Q. Give example ? A. Cat. Quintia is fair to many , so to me , I will not therefore this same thing deny ; But wholly fair I will not say she 's not , True beauty in her there is not a jot . Lesbius fair , in every part most fine ; Venus adorn'd her , clear did make her shine . CAP. 27. The distribution from the effects , also the genus and species . Q. What is the distribution from the effects ? A. The distribution from the effects , is when the parts are effects . Q. Give example ? A. In a ship the sea-men , some scale the masts , some run in at the doors , some draw water , the governor holdeth the rudder in the ship Q. May not distribution of genus into species be comprised under this head ? A. Yes , distribution of genus into species doth here excel . Q. What is genus ? A. Genus is the whole essential in parts . Q. What is species ? A. Species is the parts of genus . Q. Give example ? A We say a living creature is the genus of a man , and a beast ; for a living creature is the whole of that effect : viz. a corporal living substance , which commonly pertaineth to the beasts and men . We say the species of a man and a beast is living , because they are parts of a living subject , which living essence they have common . We say a man , the genus of every man ; and a lion , the genus of every lion ; but contrary , every man , the species of a man ; every lion , of a lion . Q. What is the kinds of the genus ? A. The genus is most general or subalternate . Q. What are the kinds of the species ? A. The species is subalternate or most special . Q. What is the most general genus ? A. The most general genus is that of which there is no kinds . Q. Give example ? A. In Logical invention , an argument is the most general genus of artificials and inartificials . Q. What is the subalternate genus , and the subalternate species ? A. The subalternate genus , as also the subalternate species , is that which is the species of this , but the genus of that . Q. Give example ? A. The cause is the species of an absolute arguing argument , but the genus of the matter and form . Q. But what is the most special species ? A. The most special species is that which is individable into other species . Q. Give example ? A. The matter and form singly . Q. What are the genus and species notes of ? A. Of the causes and effects . Q. Give example ? A. In a living thing there is a corporeal essence , which in the matter is belonging commonly to the species ; as also the faculty of life and sence , which in the form pertaineth commonly to the species . Q. It should seem that the genus containeth the causes , which do attain to the species of it ; and therefore contrarily , the species contains the effects of their genus ? A. So it is . Q. From whence then is that universal famousness and excellency ? A. From hence , because it declareth the causes , Q. Shew some example now of the distributions of the genus into species ? A. Distribution of genus into species is very excellent truly , but hard and seldom found , yet we will bring what illustrations and examples we can . Ovid. Met. 1. Divideth living creatures into five species ? stars , birds , beasts fish , men : he giveth life to the stars , as the Philosophers do . No region is without some living thing , Stars in the skie , the forms of Gods being : Birds in the air in abundance be , Beasts on the earth , and fishes in the sea . But yet 'mongst these a creature more divine , Who may them rule and govern all in fine ; There wanted much until that man was born . So Cic. Offic. 1. Divideth vertue into four species , prudence , justice , fortitude , and temperance ; but all that is honest springeth out of one of these four parts , for either it is conversant in the knowledge and skill of the truth , or in the defending the society of men , and giving every one his own ; also in trust of things bargained , or in a high mind and admirable greatness or courage , or lastly in all things which are made and called order and means , in which is modesty and temperance . Q. What is distribution of the genus into the forms of the species ? A. Distribution of the genus into the forms of the Species is the same ; because the form with the genus , constitute their species . Q. Give example ? A. Of living creatures , one is speaking , another dumb . Q. May not genus and species be handled a part and severally . A. Yes , genus and species are not only handled after this simple form of division , but also apart one from another . Q. Give example ? A. Pro Arc. But lest any should wonder that we say so that there is a certain faculty of wit , and this reason or discipline of speaking , neither that we have truly given our selves altogether to this study ; for all arts which pertain to humanity , have a certain common band , and are contained ( as it were ) in a certain knowledge amongst themselves . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. Art is the genus ; poesie , and eloquence the species . Q. Is not the genus handled by the species ? A. Yes . Q. Give example ? A. Ovid de Trist. 4. Fill thy sad matter with thy vertues grave , Hot glory doth decay , it none can save : Who had known Hector if Troy well had been ? Through publique vices , way to vertue 's seen . Thine art ( O Typhis ) lies , if in the sea There be no floods ; if men be well truly , Then Phoebus art decayeth instantly . That which they hid , and is not known for good , Appears at last , and shews where evil stood . Q. But are there no special examples fitted to this kind ? A. Yes , such as this . Attic. 7. Wilt thou leave the city ? What if the French men come ? The Commonwealth , he saith , is not in walls , but altars and Religion . Theomisticles did the same , and a whole host of Barbarians were not able to take one city . But Pericles did not so , who in the year almost before fifty , when he kept nothing but a wall ; our city before being taken , they kept the tower notwithstanding . CAP. 28. Distribution from the Subject . Q. what is the other distribution ? A. The other distribution is of agreeings after a certain manner . Q. what are agreeings after a certain manner ? A. The subjects and adjuncts . Q. what is the distribution from subjects ? A. The distribution from subjects is , when the parts are subjects . Q. Give example ? A. Cat. Thy maiden-head's not wholly thine I ween , One part thy Father gave , the part between , Thou of thy mother hadst ; so that to thee , None but the third remaineth for to be . Therefore resist not two , cast not away , The thing thy parents gave to thee I say . Q. Give example out of some Orator ? A. Cic. Tusc. 1. There are therefore three kindes of good , as I understand from the Stoicks , to whose use oftener then I am wont we give place . There are therefore those kindes of good , whilst that the external things of the body are cast upon the ground , and because they are to be undertaken , they are called good . There are other divine things which do more nearly concern us , and are heavenly ; so that those who have attained them , why may I not call them after a manner blessed , yea most happy . CAP. 29. Distribution from Adjuncts Q. What is Distribution from Adjuncts ? A. Distribution from Adjunct is , when the parts are Adjuncts . Q. Give example ? A. Of men , some are sound , some sick , some rich , some poor . Q. Give a poetical example ? A. Virg. Georg. 1. Divideth the World into five parts , the middle scorching hot , the other two extream cold , the two last temperate . Five Zones the heavens do hold , the middle hot : The Sun there burns , cold in it there is not ; But on the right and left hand there is seen , Rain , frost , and cold , that 's bitter , sharp and keen . The two last temperate , yet in them is , Mortality , and many sicknesses . Q. Give an Orators example ? A. Caes. Bel. Gal. 1. All France is divided into three parts ; of which , one the Belgians inhabit , the other the Aequitans , the third , those who in their tongue are called Ce●●s , in our Language the Gaules . CAP. 30. Definition . Q. What is definition ? A. Definition is when it is explicated what the thing is , and that interchangeably may be argued with the thing defined . Q. What are the kindes of definition ? A. A definition is perfect or imperfect . Q. What is the perfect definition called ? A. This is properly called a definition . Q. VVhat is the imperfect called ? A. A description . Q. What is a perfect definition ? A. A perfect definition is a definition consisting of the onely causes which constitute the essence : such as the causes comprehended by the genus and form . Q. Give example ? A. After this manner is a man defined , viz. by the genus , ( a living creature ) we understand ( as it is said ) a corporeal essence full of life and sense , which is the matter , and a part of the form of a man ; to which ( if thou addest reasonable ) thou comprehendest the whole form of a man , by the whole faculty of this life , sense , reason . Q. It should seem then that the perfect definition is nothing else then an universal symbol of the causes , constituting the essence and nature of things ? A. So it is . Q. Give an example ? A. The Arts have such definitions , Grammer , of well speaking ; Rhetorick , of pleading well ; Logick , of disputing well ; Arithmetick , of numbering well ; Geometry of measuring well . CAP. 31. Description . Q. VVhat is description ? A. Description is a definition defining the thing from other arguments also . Q. Give example ? A. This is the description of a man , a man is a living creature , mortal , capable of discipline , Q. Are not proper circumstances also mingled with common causes sometimes ? A. Yes . Q. Then it seemeth that succint brevity is not always in this kinde ? A. No , oftentimes it desireth a clearer and greater explication . Q. Give an example out of some Orator ? A. In Mil. Glory is described . But yet of all rewards of vertue , ( if there be a reason of rewards ) the greatest is glory ; this one comforteth us , touching the shortness of our life , causeth that we are present with the absent , dead , maketh us live ; to conclude , by these steps we do seem to ascend unto Heaven . Q. Give a poetical example ? A. Aeneid . 4. Fame is described . From Libeans temple cometh forth great fame , Nought swifter then ill news which bears this name ; Moving she goes ; by going , strength she gets : She fears at first , at last with winds she fleets ; Walks on the earth , her head she lifts to 'th skie : Earth brought her forth , the Gods were angry . In Caeus and Encelladus his land , She was at last as I do understand ; Her feet were swift , here wings most hurtful were , A horrid monster , wicked , full of fear : As many feathers as upon her are ; So many eyes attend her every where . So many tongues : so many mouths do sound , So many years do lessen her around . In night she flies through heaven , and in the shade , About the earth she goes , no noise is made : She sitteth by the light on houses high , And causeth towns to quiver fearfully . As well a bruiter of things false that be , As messengers of truth and verity . Q. Proceed to further example ? A. Such are the discriptions of plants and living creatures in physick : also of rivers , mountains , cities , in Geography and History . CAP. 32. Divine Testimony , Q. You have expounded the artificial arguments , the inartificial followeth ; tell me then what an inartificial argument is ? A. An inartificial argument is that which argueth not by its own nature , but taken force from some artificial argument . Q. It seemeth by this , when a hidden truth of things is more subtily searched for , that this argument hath small force of proof ? A. So it is , but in civil and humane things , oftentimes this argument effecteth the greatest trust from the moving arguments , if wisdom , vertue , and good will be present . Q. What is it called ? A. In one name is called testimony . Q. What are the kinds of testimony ? A. Divine or humane . Q. What may be comprised under the Head of divine testimony ? A. Not only the miracles of the Gods , but also the answers of Prophets and Fortune-tellers are counted amongst divine testimonies . Q. Give example ? A. All these are brought forth Cat. 3. For that I may omit ( saith the Orator ) the fires seen in the night from the West , and the burning of heaven , as also lightning , as earth-quakes , with other many things done to us Consuls , as those which are now done do seem to proclaime the Gods immortality . And a little after , at which time when the Araspatians were come together out of all Herturia , they said that slaughter , burning , perishing of the laws , civil and domestical war , and the fall of the whole city and empire approached ; unless the immortal Gods pleased by all reason , by their power should change those destinies . At length when he said that they mocked at the answer of the Arispatians , and that they did more regard the sign of Jove , turning to the East , he then said , But is not he so present , that it should seem to be done at the beck of the mighty Jove ; that when this morning before my door , by my command and conjuration , the Judges being then in the house of Concordia , at the same time there appeared a sign , which being turn'd toward you and the Senate , both you and the Senate saw manifestly laid open , who they were that were against the health of all men . Q. Give another example ? A. That of Tibullus is more short . But if that Oracles true things do tell , Then this in our name see thou do declare ? That he doth promise Delius to give , To be thy spouse , with whom thou'lt happy live . CAP. 33. Testimony from humane Law and Sentences . Q. What be the kindes of humane testimony ? A. Humane testimony is common or proper . Q. What is common ? A. Law , and a famous sentence . Q. What is a legal testimony ? A. Legal testimony is both unwritten and written . Q. Bring forth authority for this ? A. Pro Mil. for there is ( O ye Judges ) a law not written , but born with us ; which we have not received , learned , read ; but taken , drawn , expressed from nature : as if our life should be in some hazard , force , danger , either of thieves or enemies , all honest reason were to be sought of safety ; but if the twelve tables will have the night thief , yea , the day thief too , if he defend himself after any manner , killed without punishment ; who is there that will think him that is slain to be punished , when as there is a sword reached to us , to kill that man , by the lawes themselves . Q. What are famous Sentences ? A. Proverbs . Q. Give example ? A. They be such as these : Pares cum paribus facilime congregantur . Spartam nactus es , hance ex orna . Q. What may farther be under this head ? A. Sayings of Wisdom also . Q. Give example ? A. Nosce teipsum . Nequid nimis . Sponde praesto ad detrimentum . Q. What is proper testimony ? A. Such as this of Plato 1. ad Quint. frat . And then truly Plato the prince of Wisdom and Learning thought those Commonwealths blessed , if either learned and wise men governed , or those that did govern , placed all their study in wisdom and learning . Q. Proceed to further example ? A. Such were in the Poets , Aeneid . 4. Learn justice and admonitions , and contenm not the rich . So in Homer . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ajax led out of Salaminus twelve ships . The Magatenses were overcome by the Athenians . Q. What are the testimonies of the living ? A. Testimonies of the living , are not onely when it is inquired of ground , felling of wood , and such like business , but also there are testimonies of obligation , confessing oath . Q. Give an example of obligation ? A. Phil. 5. For I dare binde my faith ( P. C. ) to you and the people of Rome , that truly when no force constrained me , I durst do ; and I feared an opinion of timerity , in a thing greatly hurtful : I promise and swear ( P. C. ) to become alwayes such a citizen to Caesar as he himself is , and as we ought chiefly to wish or desire . Q. Have we not an obligation set forth sometimes with a pledge ? A. Yes . Virg. Aeglog . 3. Wilt then by turns , we hand to hand do try , What either can , and prove each by our deed ; I 'le pawn this heifer , ( which lest thou deny ) She twice hath come already to the pail , And two twins suckles : at this time now say , What pawn thou 'lt gage with her to countervail . Q. What are the kindes of confession ? A. Confession is free or extorted by torments . Q. What is this latter properly called ? A. A question . Q. Give example ? A. Such an argument there is against Milon whom Cicero derided . Go to then , what , or how is the question ? How ? Where was Roscius ? Where was Casca ? Doth Clodius lay snares for Milon ? He hath done , surely the gallows . He hath done nothing . Q. What further may be reduced hitherto ? A. Hitherto may be referred the argument which we used when we bring fourth our approbation , and experience of our affirmative . Q. Give example ? A. Ver. 4. Even Volcatio if he had come freely , would he have given a little book ? he shall come , he shall be tried ; no man truly receiveth it . Ter. Spend thy time in letters , in the woods , in musick ; it is meet for youth to know these liberal things , I will give diligence . Q. Give a Poetical example ? A. Ovid. Trist. 3. The which that thou mayest better credit me , Try thou my pains , believe it then to be . Q. Give an example also of the testimony of an oath . A. Aeneid . 6. I swear by th' gods , and all in earth unseen , I have departed from thy shore , O queen . Q. This reciprocation seemeth to be more obscure , as because the testimony is true , the witness is also true ? A. So it is . And thus much sufficeth to have spoken of Invention , the first part of the Science Logick . THE SECOND BOOK OF THE Art of Logick . CAP. 1. What Judgement is . Q. Hitherto the first part of Logick in Invention hath been expounded , the other part followeth in Judgement ; what then is Judgement ? A. Judgement is the second part of Logick , of disposing arguments to be judged well . Q. How are they judged ? A. Every thing is judged by a certain rule of disposition . Q , It may be thought then that this part of Logick is called both Judgement and Disposition from hence ? A. So it is . CAP. 2. An affirmative or negative axioma . Q. What are the kinds of Judgement ? A. Judgement is axiomatical , or dianoctical . Q. What is an axioma ? A. An axioma is the disposition of an argument , with an argument , wherein somewhat is judged to be , or not to be . Q. What is it called , and whence receiveth it the name ? A. In the Latine of Enuntiatum , it is called Enuntiation ? of Pronuntiatum , Pronuntiation . Q. What are the affections of an axioma ? A. An axioma is affirmative or negative . Q. What is affirmative ? A. Affirmative is when the force of it is affirmed . Q. And what negative ? A. When it is denied , From hence springeth the contradiction of axioma's when the samé argument is affirmed or denied . CAP. 3. True and false . Q. What may be a second kind of the effections of an Axioma ? A. An Axioma secondly is true or false . Q. How true ? A. When it pronounceth as the thing is . Q. How false ? A. Contrary . Q. What are the affections of a true Axioma ? A. A true Axioma is contingent or necessary . Q. How contingent ? A. When it is so true that it may sometimes be false . Q. Give example ? A. Fortune helpeth the hold ; for it may be , that which is true to day , tomorrow may be false : and therefore the judgement of this contingent verity , is called opinion : those things of the time past or present , may be certain to a man , but of time to come , they cannot by nature , although with God all things are present . Therefore Martial doth worthily mock Priscus . Priscus , thou often asks what I shall be , If now most rich , hereafter what truly ; Things for to come , canst thou not tell them me , If thou a Lion art , what wilt thou be ? Q. How necessary ? A. When it is always true , neither can be false . Q. What is this affirmative called ? A. This affirmative is called Katapantos of every thing . Q. How impossible ? A. Contrarily , where it can be true of nothing . Q. What belongeth to an Axioma of the arts ? A. An Axioma of the arts ought to be Kantapantos , as also Homogene and Catholique . Q. What is an Homogene Axioma ? A. An Homogene Axioma is when the parts are essential among themselves : as the form to the thing formed , the subject to its proper adjunct . Q. What is this called ? A. This Genus of the Species is called ath ' auto ' by it self . Q. What is a Catholique Axioma ? A. A Catholique Axioma is when the consequent is always true of the anticedent ; not only in every thing and by it self , but also reciprocally . Q. Give example ? A. A man is a living creature , reasonable , number is equal or unequal . Q. What is this called ? A. This is called Katholou proton universally first . Q. What then are the laws of the proper documents of the arts ? A. These three , the first Ketapantos , the law of verity ; the second Kath ' anto , the law of justice ; the third Katholous proton called the law of wisdom ; and such is the judgement of Catholique Axioma's , the most true and chief knowledge . CAP. 4. The Simple Axioma . Q. You have expounded the common affection of Axioma's , the kinds follow , what are then the kinds of an Axioma ? A. An Axioma is simple or compound . Q. What is simple ? A. Simple is that which is contained in the force of one word ; and therefore by an affirmative or negative word it affirmeth or denieth . Q. Give examples ? A. Fire burneth , fire is hot , fire is not water . Q. Shew the force of these examples ? A. Here fire is the anticedent , burneth the consequent : and this is the first disposition of invented things ; of the cause with the effect , as in the first example ; the subject with the adjunct , as in the second ; the disagreeing with the disagreeing , in the third : after a certan manner any argument may be enuntiated , ( except those full of comparison and distribution ) agreeings truly by affirming , disagreeing by denying . Q. What are the kinds of a simple Axioma ? A. A simple Axioma is general or special . Q. What is general ? A. General is when the common consequent is attributed generally to the common antecedent . And this contradiction doth not always divide the true and false , but both parts of the contingent , as also not of contingents may be false . Q. Give example of the first ? A. Each place delighted is with Baiis pleasant rooms . No place delighted is with Baiis pleasant rooms . Q. Give example of the second ? A. Every creature is reasonable , no creature is reasonable . Q. what is a special Axioma ? A. A special Axioma is when the consequent is not attributed to every antecedent , and here the contradiction ever divideth the true from the false . Q. what are the kinds of special ? A. Special is particular or proper . Q. what is particular ? A. Particular is when the common consequent is attributed particularly to the antecedent : But to this Axioma it is generally contradicted . Q. Give example ? A. Somewhat is to be pardoned . Nothing is to be pardoned . Some clemency is not to be praised . All clemency is to be praised . Q. what is a proper Axioma ? A. A proper Axioma is when the consequent is attributted to a proper anticedent . Q. Give example ? A. Fabulla is fair , whose negative and contradiction is , Fabulla is not fair . CAP. 5. The copillative Axioma . Q. what is the compound axioma ? A. The compound axioma is that which is contained in the force of a conjunction . Therefore from an affirmative or negative conjunction it is affirmed or denied . And a part of the contradiction is true , a part false . Q. what are the kinds ? A. A compound enunciate is for his conjunction congregative or segregative . Q. what is congregative ? A. Congregative is that which enunciateth all agreeings by affirmings , and disagreeings by denying . Q. what are the kinds ? A. Copulative or connexed . Q. What is Copulative ? A. Copulative is that whose conjunction is copulative . Q. Give example ? A. Aeneid . 1. The East and South winds on the seas do blow , They rush through deep , till on the top they show . The Affrick oft with these his blasts conjoynes . This therefore shall be the negative and contradiction . The East and South winds not on seas do blow , They rush not through the deep , ne on top show . ●he Affrick doth not oft his blasts conjoyn . Q. But whereupon dependeth the judgement of the copulative enunciate ? A. The judgement of the copulative enunciate being true , dependeth of the truth of all parts : false , at the least one part false . Q. What may further be comprised under this Head ? A. The enunciate of a relate quality is of this kinde , whose conjunction is the relation it self , Q. Give example ? A. Aeglog . 3. So me thy song as sleep on grass doth queme , The traveller his weary limbs to drench . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. Here the copulative judgement is , as if he should say , sleep is grateful to the weary ; and so thy song is pleasing to me . Q. What is the negative hereof ? Not me thy song as sleep on grass doth queme , The traveller his weary limbs to drench . CAP. 6. The Connexed Axioma . Q. What is a connexed Axioma ? A. A connexed axioma is congregative , whose conjunction is connexive . Q. Give example ? A. Aeneid . 2. If fortune doth feign Simon miserable , it dishonestly feigneth him to be vain and a liar ; whose negative is , if fortune doth not feign Simon miserable , it dishonestly seigneth him to be vain and a liar . Q. Is not this conjunction also denied more manifestly by denying the consequent ? A. Yes . Q. Give example A. Pro Mer. I am not a murtherer though in their company . De fato : Neither if every enunciation be true or false , doth it follow therefore that the causes are immutable ; for affirmation signifieth , if the antecedent be , that the consequent is also . Negation therefore and contradiction determineth , if the antecedent be , that therefore the consequent is not . Wherefore when thou shalt judge the connexive to be absolute true , thou shalt judge it also necessary , and thou shalt under stand this necessity to spring from the necessary connexion of parts , the which may also be even in false parts . Q. Give example of this ? A. If a man be a Lion , he is also a four-footed , this is a necessary connexion . Q. But if the connexion be contingent , and only put for probability , how shall it be judged then ? A. Its judgement then shall be only opinion , Q. Give example ? A. Ter. and Pamphilus , if thou dost this , this day is the last thou shalt see me . Q. What may be further under this head ? A. This relation connexive of consequence , is like to the connexed Axioma , as when Tullius is said to be an Orator , he hath also skill in pleading well . And thus much of th● congregative Axioma . CAP. 7. The Discreet Axioma Q. What is a Segregative Axioma ? A. A Segregative Axioma is that whose conjunction is Segregative , and therefore enunciateth disagreeing arguments . Q. What are the kinds ? A. A Segregative enunciation is discreet or disjunct . Q. What is discreet ? A. Discreet is that whose conjunction is discretive , and therefore of disagreeings it chiefly enunciateth diverses . Q. Give example ? A. Tusc. 5. Although they may be judged by the force o● the body , yet they are referred to the mind : whose negativ● and contradiction is , although they may not be juged by th● sense of the body , yet they are referred to the minde ; or , although they may be judged by the sense of the body , yet they are not referred to the minde . For yet is here a chief conjunction . Q. How is the discreet Enunciat judged to be true ? A. The discreet enunciation is judged to be true and lawful , if the parts be not only true , but may be also discreet . Q. How is the false or ridiculous judged ? A. Contrarily . CAP. 8. The disjunct Axioma . Q. What is a disjunct axioma ? A. A disjunct axioma is a segregative axioma , whose conjunction is disjunct : Q. Give example ? A. Georg. 1. There , as they say , is either silent night , Always most dark and void of any light ; Or else the morning from us here doth go , And brings the day unto them there also . Q. Shew another example ? A. De fato , ever enunciation is true or false , Q. Here it seemeth is signified from the disjunst , that one only is true ? A. So it is . Q. What shall the negative and contradiction be ? A. Not every enunciation is true or false . Q. And what doth the contradiction signifie ? A. That one of them is not true by necessity , for if the disjunction be absolutely true , it is also necessary : and the parts of the disjunct are opposite without any means . Q. But although the disjunction be absolutely true , and also necessary , may there not be a necessity that the parts should be separately necessary ? A. No. Q. Give example ? A. A man is good or not good , here the disjunction is necessary ; and yet a man is good , is not a necessary enunciation ; also a man is not good , is not a necessary enunciation . Q. Whereupon then dependeth the necessity of the disjunction ? A. The necessity of the disjunction dependeth on the necessary opposition , and disjunction of the parts , not as their necessary verity . Q. But is not the disjunction oftentimes from condition ? A. Yes . Q. Give example . A. As if it be thought whether Cleon will come , or Socrates , because it was so agreed that one of them only should come . Q. It seemeth by this that if the disjunction be contingent , it is not absolutely true , but is only opinionable ? A. So it is , and that more frequently in the use of man. Qu. Give example ? A. Ovid. Epist. Lean. Either good hap shall now unto me fall , Or else fierce death , the end of loving thrall . CAP. 9. The Syllogism and its parts . Q. You have manifested in its self the axiomatical judgement by axioma's ; the dianoetical followeth : what therefore is dianoia ? A. Dianoia is when one axioma is derived from another . Q. What are the kinds of dianoia ? A. A Syllogism or Method . Q. What is a Syllogism ? A. A syllogism is a dianoia whereby the question is so disposed with the argument , as the antecedent put , it is necessarily concluded . Q. Make this plainer ? A. When the axioma is doubtful the question is effected , and there is need of a third argument to be placed with the question , for its trust . Q. How many parts hath the antecedent ? A. The antecedent of a syllogism hath two parts , a proposition and an assumption . Q. What is a proposition ? A. A proposition is the first part of the antecedent , whereby the consequent of the question , is at least disposed with the argument . Q. What is the assumption ? A. The assumption is the second part of the antecedent , which is affirmed from the proposition . Q. But what is the consequent part of the syllogism ? A. The consequent part of the syllogism , is that which imbraceth the part of the question , and concludeth it . Q. What is it called ? A. It is called from the nature of it , complexion and conclusion . Q. If any part of the syllogism want , what is it said to be ? A. It is called Enthymema . Q. But what if any part happen to be besides its parts ? A. Then it is called a Porsyllogism . Q. Is not the order of the parts oftentimes confounded ? A. Yes . Q. What then if any doubt shall arise from it ? A. Then that shall be filled up which wanteth , those cut off which abound : and every part digested into his place . CAP. 10. The simple contracted syllogism . Q. What are the kinds of a syllogism ? A. A syllogism is simple or compound . Q What is simple ? A. Simple is where the consequent part of the question is placed in the proposition , the antecedent part in the assum ption . Q. What are the affections of it . ? A. It is affirmed , denied , general , special , and proper . Q. How is it affirmed ? A. From all the affirmative parts . Q. How is it denied ? A. From one negative of the antecedent parts , with com plexion . Q. How is it general ? A. From the general proposition and assumption , Q. How is it special ? A. From one of the generals only . Q. And how is it proper ? A. From both propers . Q. What are the kinds of the simple syllogism ? A. The simple syllogism is contracted by parts , or expli cated . Q. What is contract ? A. Contract is when the argument for the example is so subjected to a particular question , that the antecedent may be understood to affirm each part , and in the assumption . Q. Give an example ? A. Certain confidence is vertue , as constancy ; certain confidence is not vertue , as boldness . Q. Shew the force of this example ? A. This argument is understood to go before each part of the question , as if it were expressed , constancy is a vertue , and confidence ; and therefore certain confidence is a vertue : also boldness is not a vertue , and yet it is confidence ; and therefore some confidence is not a vertue . So in the use of disputing , the master of the Syllogism draweth the judgment , neither is it set forth otherwise . And this exposition the beginning of the Syllogism is expounded by Aristotle , so that the Syllogism in its full judgement is more clear and manifest . CAP. 11. The first kind of the simple explicated Syllogism . Q. What is the explicated Syllogism ? A. The explicated syllogism whose parts are explicated . Q. What are the proprieties in this explicated Syllogism ? Q. Two , first the proposition is general or proper , secondly the conclusion is like to the antecedent or the weaker part . Q. What are the kinds of it ? A. The kinds are two-fold . Q. What is the first ? A. The first is where the argument always follow the negative in the other part . Qu. Shew some syllogism of this kind ? A GEN. 1. Cesare . A troubled me useth not his reason well : But a wise man useth his reason well . A wise man is not therefore troubled . Q. Produce the example of some Orator for this syllogism ? A. This Judgement is so brought forth of Cicero , Tuse . 3. And when ( saith he ) the eye is troubled , it is not honestly affected to the fulfilling of its duty , and the rest of the parts ; as also the whole body , when it is moved from its state , wanteth its office and function . So a troubled mind is not honestly affected to fulfil his duty . But the duty of the mind is to use reason ; and a wise man is always so affected , that he useth reason most excellently ; he is therefore never troubled . Q. Give example of another general syllogism ? A. GEN. 2. Camestres A mortal thing is compound . A Soul is not compound . A Soul therefore is not mortal . Q. Produce the authority of some ancient avouching this syllogism ? A. Cicero judged the soul to be immortal by this syllogism . Tusc. 1. For we cannot doubt ( saith he ) in our minds , unless we be perchance ignorant in physical things , but that there is nothing knit to souls , nothing connexed , nothing copulate , nothing joyned , nothing double ; which when it is so can surely never be parted , nor divided , nor severed , nor drawn asunder , neither perish therefore : for perishing is as it were , a departure and separation , or breach of those parts , which before the perishing were joyned together . Q. Give an example of a special syllogism ? A. SPEC . 1. Festino A pale man is not couragious . Maximus is couragious . Maximus therefore is not pale . Qu. Produce authority for this syllogism ? A. By this judgement Ovid concludeth de Pon● . 3. El. 3. Paleness and sloth are not in the high mind , Rather with Vipers them on ground we finde . In highest things thy mind excels we see ; No name I finde t' express the wit of thee . Some miseries do taste , hurt and out-worn , Are made to feel sharp pricking of the thorn : Yet thou art wont to help complaining men , Amongst which number pray let me be them . Q. Shew another example of the special syllogism ? A. SPEC . 2. Baroco . A Dauncer is Lecherous . Murena is not Lecherous . Murena therefore is no dauncer . Q. Produce some Orator for this syllogism ? A. Cic. pro Mur. For no man almost being sober daunceth , unless perchance he be mad , neither alone , nor at a moderate and honest banquet ; for dauncing is the companion of untimely banquets , pleasant places , and many delights : thou snatchest that from me , that it is necessary that vices should be ; thou leavest that whereby this removed , this vice ought not to be at all : no filthy banquet , no love , no gluttony is shewed ; and when we finde not all these things which have the name of pleasure , and are vices , there thou canst not finde lechery , nay , thinkest thou to finde a shadow of lust in such . Q. Avouch some other authority after the like manner ? A After this manner judgement , Ovid de Trist. 1. concludeth triply , whilst he sets forth the excuse of his verses . They that make verses should not merry be , Our time is clouded with adversity . They that write verses should enjoy their ease , The seas , the windes , with winter fierce me press . Good Poets should not fear , but I fear death , I dread lest swords do take away my breath : Then what is here , a right judge will admire , If reading them they satisfie's desire . Q. Give example of proper syllogisms ? A. PRO. 1. Agesilaus is not painted by Apelles . Alexander is painted by Apelles . Alexander therefore is not Agesilaus . Q. Give another example of a proper syllogism ? A. PRO. 2. Caesar oppressed his countrey . Tullius oppressed not his countrey . Tullius therefore is not Caesar. CAP. 12. The second kind of the simple explicate syllogism . Q. What is the second kind of the simple explicate syllogism ? A. The second kinde of the explicate syllogism is , when the argument goeth before in the proposition , the affirmative followeth in the assumption . Q. Give an example of an affirmative general after this kinde . A. AFF. Gen. Barbara . Every just thing is profitable . Every honest thing is just . Every honest thing therefore is profitable . Q. Produce some Orator avouching this syllogism ? A. Thus Cicero concludeth , offic . 2. The Philosophers truly with great authority , severely , soundly and honestly , do distinguish these three confused kinds by cogitation . For whatsoever is just , that also they think to be profitable : also , whatsoever is honest , that is just ; f●om whence ariseth that whatsoever is honest , that is also profitable . Q. Give an example of a negative general syllogism ? A. NEG. Gen. Celarent . A fearful man is not free . A covetous man is fearful . A covetous man therefore is not free . Q. Prove this by some Poet ? A. It is thus concluded and judged by Horace , Epist , 1. Who freer is he , that as a servant dwelleth ? Or he that in his moneys love excelleth ? I do not see , he that desires doth fear , And he that fears his freedom doth not bear . Q. Give another example of this kind of syllogism ? A. Ter in Eu. concludeth and judgeth this , That which is void of counsel , cannot be governed by counsel . Love is void of Counsel . It cannot therefore be governed bycounse Q. Produce the words of Terence . A. the former syllogism followeth in these words : Master that thing which hath in it neither counsel nor means , that thou canst not govern by counsel . In love are all these vices , injuries , suspicions , enmities , flatteries , war , peace again : these uncertain things if thou shouldest guide by certain reason , thou dost no more then if thou shouldest labor to be mad with reason . Q. Give an example of the affirmative special syllogism ? A. AFF. SPE . Darii . Consuls made by vertue ought studiously to defend the Commonwealth . Cicero is made Consul by vertue . Cicero therefore ought studiously to defend the Commonwealth . Q. Produce Tully's words avouching this syllogism ? A. The Orator doth both conclude and judge his own diligence Agr. 2. For the great care and diligence as well of all the Consuls , ought to be placed in defending the Commonwealth , as of those who not in the cradle , but in the camp were made Consuls . None of our ancients promised to the people of Rome for me that I ought to be trusted : to ask of me that I ought ; even when I did ask , none of our ancestors commended me to you : therefore if I neglect any thing , there is none who shall intreat me for you . Yet while my life last , ( I being he who am able to defend it from their wickedness ) I promise this to you , O Quirites , that you have committed the Commonwealth to the providence of a good trust : to a watchful man , and not a coward ; to a diligent man , not a sluggard . Q Shew another syllogism of this kinde ? A. That which comes wished for is grateful . Lesbia comes wished for to Catullus . She is therefore grateful . Q. Set forth Catullus his words wherein he thus concludeth ? A. That which we long for with desires great , Is acceptable to us when we heat : Wherefore this grateful is more dear then gold , That Lesby is come , our friend of old . Thou dost our wishes grant , our hope restore : O light most clear ! who is there that is more Happy then I , who have what I desire ; Even what I wish , there 's nought I can require . Q. Give an example of a negative special ? A. NEG. SPE . Ferio . The deceiver of a loving maid is not to be praised . Demophoon is the deceiver of a loving maid , to wit. Phyllis . Demophoon therefore is not to be praised . Q. Set forth the words of Phillis in Ovid so judging ? A. It is no glory Virgins to deceive , Who love a man , and wish him for to have ; Simplicity should rather favour again , But I that love and all 's a woman am ; Deceived am by thee with flatering stile , The Gods thy praises make it all the while . Q. Give example of an affirmative proper ? A. AFF. PRO. Octavius is Caesars heir . I am Octavius I am therefore Caesars heir . Q. Give example of a negative proper ? A. NEG. PRO. Anthony is not Caesars son . Thou art Anthony . Thou art not therefore Caesars son . CAP. 13. The first connexed Syllogism . Q. You have expounded hitherto the simple syllogism , what now is the compound syllogism ? A. The compound syllogism is a syllogism where the whole question is another part of the affirmed and compound proposition , the argument is another part . Q. But what if any thing were taken away in the compound syllogism ? A. That were to put a special contradiction . Q. What are the kinds of a compound syllogism ? A. A compound syllogism is a connexed or disjunct . Q. What is a connexed syllogism ? A. A connexed syllogism is a compound syllogism of a connexed proposition . Q. How many are the manners of distinction ? A. It is of two manners . Q. What is the first ? A. The first manner of the connexed syllogism is that which assumeth the antecedent , and the consequent concludeth . Q. Give an example of this ? A. After this manner Cicero concludeth . Lib. 2. de Divinatione . If they be Gods it is divination . But they are Gods. It is divination therefore . Q. Give another example ? A. Offic. 3. And if also nature prescribeth this , that a man to a man , whatsoever he be for that same cause that he is a man , will use consultation ; it is necessary according to the same nature , that the profit of all should be common : which if it be so , all of us are contained in one , and the same law of nature ; and this if it be so indeed , we are certainly forbidden by the law of nature to violate one anther : but the first is true , the last therefore is also true . Q Give another example ? A. . Aeneid 4. Dido judgeth Aeneas to remain with her . Dost thou me fly , by these fears I thee pray , By thy right hand I thee beseech to stay : Else thou wilt leave me wretched here alone , By our dear marriage , our dear love like none . If I do ought deserve , if thou hast been Sweet unto me , have pitty on me then : Look on thy slippery house , and now I pray ; If any place for prayers be , I say . For Libians sake , for Nomades his kings , Who hated me , and for all other things Which I for thee did bear ; my credit 's lost , I am alone , for thee thus am I crost . Besides all this , my fame is quite decayed ; Rather I had my flesh in dust were laid . Q. Doth it alwayes assume the same ? A. Oftentimes not the same but a greater . Q. Give example ? A. Cat. 1. If thy parents feared and hated thee , neither couldst thou please them by any reason ; in my opinion thou wert to abstain a little from their sight . Now the country ( which is our comon parent ) hateth and feareth thee , and of a long time judgeth nothing of thee , except it be touching thy death ; canst thou neither avoid its authority , neither follow its judgment , neither fearest thou its force . Q. What may further be under his Head ? A. This manner of concluding is the very same when the proposition is a relate of time . Q. Give example ? A. After this kind the nymph OEnon in Ovid concludeth the error of her foolishness . When Paris OEnon hoped to forsake , It would to Xanthus with all speed betake . Xanthus make hast , return thou back again , That so this Paris OEnon may sustain . CAP. 14. The second Connexive Syllogism . Q. What is the second manner of the connexed syllogism ? A. The second manner of the connexed syllogism taketh away the consequent , that it may take away the antecedent . Q. Give example ? A. If a wise than assent to any thing , sometimes also he shall be opinionated . But he shall never be opinionated . Therefore shall he assent to nothing . Qu. Give another example ? A. By the like syllogism Ovid. Trist. 12. judgeth his foolishness . If I where wise those sisters I should hate ; Deities hurtful to whom on them wait . But now so great my foolishness is seen : I build them altars whom my hurt have been . These two kinds of the Syllogism are most usual of all . CAP. 15. The first disjunct Syllogism Q. What is the disjunct syllogism ? A. The disjunct syllogism is the syllogism composed of a disjunct proposition . Q. What are the manners of distinction ? A. Two. Q. What is the first ? A. The first taketh away one and concludeth the rest . Q. Give example ? A. Either it is day , or it is night . But it is not day . It is therefore night . Q. Give another example ? A. The judgement of Cicero in defence of Cluventias is such : but when as this condition was proposed to him , that either he should accuse justly and piously , or die sharply or unworthily : he would rather accuse after that manner , the die after this . Q. Make the disjunction appear clearer ? A. Either he must accuse or die . He must not die . He must accuse therefore . Qu. Give another example ? A. There is the like reasoning , Phil. 2. Dost thou not understand it is determined , that either those who have done this thing are homicides or revengers of liberty ? But attend a little and take the thoughts of a sober man for a little time , and I who am of them , as my self doth confess , will familiarly argue with thee as a fellow : I deny that there is any mean : I grant that they are , except they be deliverers and conservers of the Roman Commonwealth more then villany , more then homicides , more parricides : if truly it be cruelty , rather to be a father to the countrey , then a murtherer of ones self . Thou art a wise and considerate man what sayest thou ? if they be parricides , why were they honored of thee , and called to this order by the Roman people ? why was Marcus Brutus by thy means freed from the law , if he were absent more then ten days from the city ? why did Apolinares receive Marcus Brutus with incredible honor ? why was the provinces given to Cassius and Brutus , why were their questors added ? why were the number of Legates increased , and this done by thee ? they are not therefore homicides . It followeth then that by thine own judgement they are deliverers , when as truly there can be no third admitted . Q. If the parts of the disjunct proposition shall be more then two , how shall they be judged then ? A. The art of judging them and concluding them shall be the same . Q. Give example ? A. So Cicero judged Rabitious to be among the Consuls . And we see ( saith he ) these three to be in the nature of things , to wit , that either he should be with Saturninus , or with the good , or that he should lie hid . But to lie hid is proper to the dead and rotten : to be with Saturninus of fury and wickedness : vertue , and honesty , and shamefastness constrained him to be with the Consuls . CAP. 16. The second disjunct syllogism . Q. What is the second disjunct ? A. The second disjunct , from the proposition the affirmative assumeth one , and taketh away the rest . Q. Give example ? A. It is day or it is night . But it is day , It is not therefore night . Q. Give another example after this manner ? A. Thus Juno concludeth with Jove touching Turnus , Aeneid . 10. What if thou sayest the thing thou dost not mean , ●nd should to Turnus give his life again ? Now I remain in misery and woe , And hope for that which will not happen so : But rather then this ill should come to pass , I 'le mock my self , and hope past hope alas . Q. Shew another syllogism of this kinde ? A. There is the like syllogism effected from a proposition copulative negative , which is called negative complexion , and which obtaineth the force of an affirmative disjunction . Q. Give example ? A. It is not both day and night , But it is day , It is not therefore night . CAP. 17. The only method according to Aristotle . Q. What is method ? A. Method is a dianoia of diverse homogene axioma , preposed for the clearness of their nature , from whence the agreeing amongst themselves of them are judged and comprehended in memory . Q. What is to be considered in method ? A. As verity and falsity is beheld in the axioma , consequence and inconsequence in the syllogism ; so in method it is to be considered that by it the more clear may precede , the more obscure may follow , and that altogether order and confusion be judged . Q. Make this plainer ? A. After this manner is disposed from homogene axioma's in the first place , by an absolute notion , the first ; in the second place the second , in the third place the third , and so forwards Q. It seemeth by this that method doth continually pass from universals to singulars ? A. So it is , for by this sole and only way it proceedeth from antecedents altogether , and absolute notions , to the declaring of unknown consequences : and this is the only method that Aristotle taught . CAP. 18. The first illustration of methods by illustration of arts . Q. But do not examples set forth this head more clearly ? A. Yes , the examples of doctrines and arts do chiefly demonstrate and set forth the unity of method , in the which , although all the rules are general and universal , yet the degrees of them are distinguished : and by how much every thing shall be more general , by so much it shall more precede . Q. Why shall the first be in the most general place and order ? A. Because in light and knowledge it is first . Q. Why shall the subalternates follow ? A. Because in their clearness they are next . Q. It seemeth by this that those things which by nature are more known shall precede , those which are less known are substitute , and at length the most special follow ? A. So it is . Q. What then shall precede pand be first ? A. The most general definition must be first . Q. What shall follow ? A. The distribution . Q. But how if there be many ? A. Then the partition in perfect parts shall precede . Q. What shall follow ? A. The division into kinds . Q. What then ? A. The parts themselves and the kinds are in the same order to be handled and defined again in which they were distributed . Q. What further is required ? A. If there shall be a long explication of them , they are to be chained together by the chains of transcition . Q. What benefit redoundeth from hence ? A. It refresheth and recreateth the auditor . Q. But may not example be under this head ? A. Yes , as a more familiar thing is taken , so a more familiar example must be used . Q. Give example of what you have here shewed out of the art of Grammer ? A. All definitions , distributions , are found in the rules of Grammer , and every one of them severally judged ; and all these documents inscribed in diverse tables , are confounded and mingled together as it were in a certain pot . Q. What part of Logick teacheth us to compose these confused Rules and digest them into order : first there is no need of the places of invention , when as they are all found : neither in the first judgement of axioma's , when as every axioma is proved and valued : neither of the second judgement of the syllogism , when as all of them are disputed and concluded controversies of several things by these only syllogisms ; it seemeth therefore to be only method , is it not ? A. Yes it is onely method , Qu. How is it done ? A. The Logician by this light of artificial method selected out of this pot the definition of Grammer ; ( for that is most general ) and placeth it in the first place : Grammer is the doctrine of speaking well . Then he taketh out of the same Oven the partit●on of Grammer , and placeth it in the second place . The part of Grammer are two ; Etimology and Syntaxis . Then outs of the same vessel he seperateth the definition of Etimology of words , and joyneth it in the third place to those that go before : then he seeketh out parts of words in letters and syllables , and the kinds in words of number , and without number ; and placeth them with their transcitions in their several places . And so the definitions of all the parts of Etimolog , together with their distributions , colligations , and most special examples he placeth in their several places , and so likewise in the Syntax . This way all the arts have proposed to themselves . CAP. 19. The second example of Method by example of Poets , Orators , Historiographers . Q. But is method only set forth in matter of the arts and doctrine ? A. No , it is also declared in all things which we would teach easily and plainly . Therefore Poets , Orators , and all manner of writers , as often as they propose any thing to teach to their auditors , do follow this way ; although they do not enter and insist upon it all alike . Q. Give an example out of some Poet ? Virgil in his Georgicks distributeth , as I said before , the proposed matter into four parts ; and in the first book followeth common things : as Astrology , Meteorology , and of Corn and Tillage ; this was the first part of his work . Then the transcition is adhibited in the beginning of the second book . Thus far of tillage and of stars were we ; Now of the Bacchus we 'll sing presently . Then he writeth generally of trees , as also specially of plants ; the second transcition is adhibited to the third part , but more imperfect and without an Epilogue . In the beginning of the third book of Oxen , Horses , Sheep , Goats , Dogs . We 'l sing of Goddess Pales , all 's of him , Who by Amphryso kept his sheep most trim . At length in the beginning of the fourth book , there is the third transcition of the fourth part ; but also imperfect from the only preposition of their Bees . Now of their eyre honey Bee I 'le speak . So therefore the Poet studieth to place the most general first , the subalternate middle , the most special in the last place . Q. Give another poetical example ? A. Ovid. in Fast. Useth this kinde of disposition , proposing in the beginning the sum of his work . I 'le sing of times that pass throughout the year , Fall of the stars , and rising I 'le declare . By and by having made imploration , he determineth the partition of the year made first by Romulus into ten months , which he reprehendeth . When as Romes builder did the year divide , In it he made five moneths , and five beside . And a little after he adjoyneth Numa his more full devisor . But Numa neither Janus did omit , Nor yet the ancient shadows out did put : But to th' old moneths two more appointed be . Here the Poet having interpreted the common differences of Holy-dayes , Working-dayes , Banquet-days , Kalends , Nones , Ides ; at the last he followeth every moneth in his place , and with a preface after this order he passeth from generals to the study of specials . I th' what I have you shewed what things be , It now remains , we part them presently . At length after the exposition of every part , the transcition is joyned as in the end of the first , and beginning of the second book . The first part of my task is ended now , The moneth is done my little book also : Junus is done , another moneth beginneth ? Another book now with that moneth reneweth ; And in every one of his books after the transcitions are adhibited , but less accurately . Q. How do the Orators follow this method ? A. The Orators in Poems , Narrations , Confirmations , Perorations do follow this order , as the nature both of the art , and the order of the thing do require , and sometimes more studiously too . Q. Give example ? A. Cicero in an accusation first by propounding , then by parting , followeth this order . Questor Cu. paxeris , saith he , thou hast been Consul unto this time fourteen years , and from that day unto this day in which thou hast made me , I call thee unto judgement ; there was no void hour found in robbery , wickedness , cruelty , iniquity . This is the proposition and definition of the chief matter , as in this judgement most generral . The partition followeth : These are the years consumed in the questorship , and a Sciatican embassage , and the Urban pretorship , and in the Sicilian pretorship : wherefore this shall be the fourfold disposition of my accusation ; which four parts with their particular partitions he hath also handled in their several order and place , and coupled them with transcitions ; the three first in the third book . Wherefore ( saith he ) his questorship being shewed , and his first magistracy , together with his theft and wickedness looked unto , let us attend to the rest . Then having expounded the faults of his embassadorship , the transcition to his pretorship , followeth . But let us now come to that famous pretorship , and those faults which were more known to those which were present , then to us who come meditated and prepared to pleading . This transcition is more imperfect without an epilogue : at length in the beginning of the fourth oration , there is the like transcition to the fourth part of the Sicilian pretorship . Many necessary things , O Judges , I must pretermit , that I may in some manner speak of those things which are commited to my trust , for I have received the cause of Sicilia , that province hath drawn me unto this business . Q. Give an example ott of some Historiographer ? A. Livy doth so embrace the sum of seventy years in the beginning , then divideth them by tens . CAP. 20. The Secrets of Method . Q. It seemeth that in the divers axiomatical homogenes , as also in the judgement of the syllogism , the notes of method shall be as often as any thing is taught clearly : but is there no other kinde of method ? A. Yes , when as the auditor shall be deceived in a certain part with delectation , and a greater motion then certain homogenes are rejected , as the lights of definition , partition , and transcition : and certain heterogenes are assumed ; as digressions from the matter , and commemorations upon the thing ; but chiefly the order of things in the beginnings is turned over , and certain antecedents are put after consequents . Therefore to that rule of perfect method , this may seem somewhat more imperfect ; the form is not only lame things being detracted ; or abounding , things being added ; but also the order of it being inverted by certain degrees , is preposterous . Q. Give an example of it ? A. The like the Poet maketh with a certain greater kind of artificialness , while he propoundeth to himself to lead the people . Viz. the beast like heads of the multitude , and therefore he deceived diverse ways , he beginneth in the middle , and there oftentimes he comprehendeth the first ; to conclude the last he placeth in an uncertain and an unthought of chance . So as ( Horace saith ) Homer disposeth his Iliads . Ne doth this man Troy's Wars divide so well , He always maketh haste the vent to tell : Even in the midst his reader he doth catch ; Leaves off his tract , with haste from it doth snatch . And thus he lies , thus mingles false with true ; So that ne first nor midst in it I view . Q. Proceed to further example ? A. So Virgil taketh Aeneas from Sicilia , and makes a narration of him in the banquet of Carthage ; and at last bringeth in his diverse troubles . So the Commedian Poets , although with great judgement they have distinguished their Comedies by Acts and Scenes , yet do so effect , that all things seem to be done by chance . The Orators attribute all to victory . Therefore this seemeth to be placed chiefly by them , not so much to teach as to perswade ; when as also those things which do equally excel , are kept even unto the last , and the means are conferred into the middle , according to Homers disposition . FINIS . GENEROSI LUDENTES A Description of those Joviall al-a-mode sports and games , that are most celebrated by Persons of Honor. A brief Description of the sport of Cross Purposes . EVery one round the Company are to whisper their Questions about , which are to be conceal'd , till every Question is gone round , and afterwards every man is to tell aloud what question he was askt , and what answer was given him to his question ; it may be in more , but I will only for brevity give you a plain example in three Persons ; The first was askt in secret of all complexions , which he lik't best , the answer was whispered a black Woman ; the second was ask't in secret , how many women he had lain withall in his life , to which he whispered , as many as he had fingers and toes ; the third was secretly ask't , what kind of pleasure he found in lying with a woman , to which he whispered this answer , pretty pleasant encounters ; Now for the publishing of this sport , it must be thus mannaged , the first was ask't what complexion he lik't best in a woman , the cross answer to his purpose was , as many as he had fingers and toes , the second was ask't , how many women he had lain with , the cross answer was pretty pleasant encounters ; the third was ask't , what kind of pleasure he found in lying with a woman , the cross answer was a black woman , and so it goes circling round according to the number of the Persons . The Description of the sport called the Lovers Alphabet . FIrst it mst be said , what good quality a Mistresse is to be loved for . Secondly , what bad qualities she is to be hated for . Thirdly , her name . Fourthly , what part about her you love best . Fifthly , what sign you invited her to . Sixthly , what dish of meat you treated her with . This may be done successively by all the Company throughout the Alphabet , I will only instance a plain example in the letter A. First , I love my Love with an A , because she is Amiable . Secondly , I hate her with an A , because she is Apish . Thirdly , her name is Alcinda . Fourthly , the best part about her is her Ar 〈…〉 e. Fifthly , I invited her to the signe of the Artichoak . Sixthly , I gave here a dish of Asparagus . The sport of Questions and Commands is inserted at the beginning of the Book , Page 13 , as also the sport of Crambo is contained in a Dictionary , Page 223. The Description of the sport of the Bird in a Tree . FIrst the name of the Tree . Secondly , the name of the Bird. Thirdly , what the Bird said ; all which must begin with the same letter ; as for example , though it may be done throughout the whole Alphabet , I will only give an instance in P. Going through an Orchard , I spyed a Peacock which sat upon a Plum-Tree , and cryed Peeter , Pluckt , Placket . The Description of the sport of Gliphing . IT chiefly consists in the quick pronouncing of a sentence , hard to be uttered without a wanton or some other unlucky kind of merry mistake , it runs on chiefly with one letter of the Alphabet ; as for example , the Cock sat at the barn door picking , Poppy Cock , Pick Poppy , &c. the severall gamesters posting through the Letters of the Alphabet , by turns , as fast as they can speak , that the mistakes may the sooner provoke laughter . A Description of a sport , called the Crab , or a thing done , and who did it . FOR the better understanding of this recreation , the places are to be distributed , and sundry names to be invented , as they shall follow in the sport ; for example Phantaste she begins , I imagine saith she a thing done : Heidon thinks , who did it ; Moria , with what was it done ; Anaides where it was done ; Argureon , when it was done ; Amophus , for what cause was it done ; Philantia , what followed upon the doing of it ; Asotus who would have done it better ; One askes what is it conceived about , they all answer yes , yes . Then speak you sir , sayes Phantaste ; who would have done it better , sayes Asotus , how does it begin at me , Phan taste , gives him a reason , and says yes sir , this play is called the Crab , it begins backwards ; Asotus sayes may I not name my selfe , Phantaste answers yes sir if you Please to abide th● venture of it , Asotus then sayes I would have done it better whatsoever it is , Phil. no doubt on 't sir , a good confidence , what followed upon the act , Phil. a few heat drops , and a months mirth , Pha. for what cause , Amo. for the delight o● Ladies , Phag , when , Arg. last progresse , Pha. where . Ana. why in a pair of painted slops , Pha. with what , Mor , with 〈◊〉 Glister , Pha. who , Hed. by a Traveller , Phantaste then reveales the subject , till then concealed , sayes she , the thing done was , an Oration was made , afterwards they all of them in order rehearse an Oration was made , Hed. by a Traveller , Mor. with a Glister , Ana. in a pair of painted slops , Au g. the last progress , Amo. for the delight of Ladies , Phi. a few heat drops and a months mirth , followed , Pha , and this silent Gentleman Mr. Asotus would have done it better . A Description of the witty sport of Substantives and Adjectives . FOR the more easy apprehension of this recreation , I will make use of the former names used in the game at Crab. Phantaste sayes I have thought , speak your Adjectives sirs . Phi. but do not you change then , Pha. not I , who says , Mor. Odoriserous , Phi. Popular , Arg. Humble , Ana. white-liverd , Hed. Barbarous , Amo. Pythagoricall , Hed. yours seignior , Asotus sayes , what must I do sir , Amo. bids him give forth his Adjectives with the rest as prosperous , good , fair , sweet , well — Hed , tels him he may speak any thing that hath not been spoken . Aso. answers why then well spoken shall be his , Pha. sayes what have you all done , they all cry yes . Phantaste then tels them that the Substantive is breeches , and then she sayes to moria , why are they Odoriferous . Mor. Answers that which containes most variety of savours and smels , we say is most odoriferous , now bree ches are presumed to be incident to that variety , and therefore odoriferous breeches : Pha. answers well , we must take it , what 's next Philantia . why popular breeches . Phil. marry that is says she when they are not content to be generally noted in Court , but will press forth on Stages and Brokers stals , to the common view of the world . Pha. good , why humble breeches Argurion . Arg. he answers humble , because they use to be sat upon , besides if you tye them not up , their property is to fall about your heeles . Pha. but why white liverd Anaides . Ana. answer , why are not their linings white , besides when they come in Company , and will pocket up any injury or abuse , may they not properly be said to be white liver'd . Pharoh , yes we must not deny it , but why barbarous Hedon . Hedon . answers , because commonly when you have worn your breeches sufficiently , you give them to your Barber . Pha. that 's good , but Amorphus why Pythagolical breeches . Amo. oh most kindly of all , it is a conceit of that fortune I am bold to hug my brain for . Pha. how is it exquisite , Amorphus . Amo. oh I am rapt with it , it is so fit , so proper , so happy — Pha. you trifle and prolong time for to study , come you shall no longer rack our expectations . Amo : I never truly relisht my self till now , give me your eares , breeches pythagoricall , by reason of their transmigration into severall shapes . Pha. Most rare , but now Mr. Asotus for your well spoken breeches . Aso. well spoken , I marry well spoken — because whatsoever they speak is well taken , and whatsoever is well taken , is well spoken . Mor. oh most excellent beleeve me ! Aso. not so Ladies neither . Pha. but now why breeches . Asot. most fortunately etymologized , breeches quasi beare riches , when a gallant beares all his riches , in his breeches . The Triall of wits , a new invented Alphabet of Epithets , properly applyed to their severall subjects , that they may be rendered no lesse usefull on the suddain occasions of discourse , or writing ; then delightfully pleasant in the witty sport commonly named Substantives and Adjectives . Aspect . SMiling , favourable , sad , Tragical , sterne , grim , gracious , generous , winning . Allurements . Sweet , false , flattering , lovely , deceitful , attractive , wooing , Sirenian-inveigling , Cozening , Treacherous . Affections . Passionate , transporting , vehement , ardent , hearty , burning , intranceing , amorous , inordinate , disordered , melting , blind , doting , tyranicall , wanton , thoughtfull . Aire . Moist , fleeting , pliant , free , whispering , spicie , guilded , diffused , yeilding , moving , unwounded , dewy , sounding , empty , dispersed , nimble , breathing , melting , sharpe , soft , wandering , liquid , inlightned , transparent , subtle . Absence . Tedious , prolonged , constrained , unwelcome , forgetfull , envious . Apparell . Magnificent , costly , gawdy , fashionable , neat , sumptuous , gorgeous , spruce , decent , rich , trim . Accomplishment . Absolute , perfect , blest , admirable , desired , wisht . Adeiu . Sad , last , tedious , lingering , sighed , greived , loathed . Bawd. Shameless , impudent , alluring , training , old , drunken loathsome , fat , painted , goatish , lustfull , rampant , beastly , obscene , pocky , lascivious , brotheld , withered , lying , cheating , pocket-picking . Breath . Ambrosian , sweet persumed , spicy , nectar'd , muskie , rosied , stinking , poysoned , strong , blasting , Body . Strait , crooked , slender , voluptuous , sensuall , healthfull , diseasefull , rotten , Breasts . Soft , snowie , milk-white , alablaster , tender , pressed , veined , spicie , delicious , flowing , luxuriant , warm , azure , melting , pregnant , amorous , maiden , inticeing alluring , flowery , delightfull , inveigling , enamouring . Beauty . Fresh , smiling , entranceing , spotlesse , triumphant , admirable , incomparable , glorio us , inexpresseable , wyring , enamouring , perswasive , counting , resistless , cometed , desired , wished , celestiall , divine , rosye , angelicall , supreame , ravishing , heavenly , spotless , unsullied , bright , shining , sparkling , flaming , immortall , lascivious , wanton , radant , civill , modest , attractive , intrancing , inchanting , charming , chast , dazling , assailing , murdering , imperious , commanding , inticeing , alluring , murdering , killing , blazening , heart-winning , soul-invading , commanding , conquering , wounding , captivating , enslaveing , bewitching , inaccessible , perceiving , exquisite , transparent , spruce , neat , comely , pleasing , delightfull , magnetick . Coynesse . Peevish , pettish , slighting , dissembling , squemish , froward , scorning , contemning , disdainful , untoward , angry , tempting . Courtier . Complemental , glittering , lascivious , wanton , costly , expensive , sportive , smooth , royal , proud , glorious , gaudy Oily , supple , n 〈…〉 , polish't , spruce , silken , smooth-faced , fair-spoken , well-rounged : silk-worme , perfidious , fantastick , r 〈…〉 ng , sprite●y talking , glittering , flaunting , starcht , deceitfull , accomplisht . Cruelty . Murdering , destroying , rageing , barbarous , ●oythian , marble-hearted , flinty , savage , wolvish , inhumane , tigress , odious , abhorred , detested , remo 〈…〉 s , dogged , incensed , bloody , grim , sterne , haughty , dreadfull , devouring , frowning , awfull , tyrannical . Charmes . Powerfull , enchanting , perplexing , potent , binding , imperious , commanding , forceing , ceremonious , misterious . Cheeks . Bashfull , rosie , smiling , lovely , silken , delicious , blushing , tempting , ambrosian , gentle , swelling , plump , smooth , soft , beautiful . Complaint . Mournfull , whining , puling , pitious , sighing , sad , dolefull , soft , womanish , amorous , passionate , bitter , male-contented , groaning , just , inward , weeping , wailing . Complement . Generous , ceremonious , courtly , refined , curious , eloquent , needless , trustless , fantasticall , apish , improper . Chinne . Dimpled , bonnie , hairy , well-tacht , bushie , slauerd , stubled , smooth , dainty , delicate , lovely . Comedy . Jovial , Hymineall , fresh , gay , clapping , amorous , Nuptiall , plauditizing . Cherries . Plump , soft , tender , blushing , delicious , pleasant , luscious . Countenance . Gracefull , modest , comely , handsome , beautifull , amorous , lovely , generous , sweet , lively sprightly , disdainfull , joyfull , smiling , pleasing , winning , wooing , sparkling , attractive , admirable , ugly , sterne , audacious impudent , grim , grave , severe frowning , lowring , disguised , affected , distracted pouting , mournfull , dreadfull , lightsome , chearefull , supercilious , blushing , sad , sowre , dissembling . Curles . Shining , crispy , neat , gracefull , waveing , beautious , frizled , uncomposed , twisted , pleated , braded , ru●●ed , dispersed , dangled , scattered , silken , flowing , Destiny . Remorsless , unrelenting , surprising , truthless , inevitable , blind , unmoved , severe , deafe , inflexible , inexorable , cruell , unbribed , imperious , commanding , unchanged , triumphant , misterious , adamantine , fixed , unconquered , compelling , irresistable , eternal , fatal , uncontrouled , impartial , tyranizing , over-ruling , exacting , importuning , arresting , blind , unavoided , inevitable . Delay . Freezing , dull , lingring , tedious , comfortless , weary , sad , pensive , slow , snaile-paced , lazy , tardy , cold , fruitless , vain . Dove . Trembling , courteous , gentle , wanton , simple , sprightly , panting , timerous , billing , amorous , fearfull , airy , peircing , harmeless , melancholly , silly , venerous , mourning , clipping , gentle , whispering , swift , weak , wheeling , turtle , fleet-winged , tender , Idalian . Desires . Melting , effeminate , wanton , soft , sensuall , enamoring , dallying , intrancing , pleasant , luxurious , wisht , tickling , loose , tempting , riotous , superfluous , courtly , princely , royall , voluptuous , carnal . Danceing . Swimming , lascivious , gracefull , courtly , flowing , nimble , tripping , measured , inamouring , sportive , wanton , attractive , well-ordered , moving , modest , wel-timed , pleasing , winning , allureing . Delights . Melting , effeminate , wanton , soft , sensuall , inamouring , dallying , intrancing , pleasant , luxurious , desired , tickling , loose , tempting , riotous , superfluous , courtly , princely , royall . Disdaine . Coy , scornfull , arrogant , proud , envious , unkind , chast , wry-mouthed , sore-eyed , pettish , insolent , haughty , peevish , swelling , squint-eyed . Despair . Hopeless , dark , grim , ugly , pensive , heavy , dull , sorrowfull , comfortless , cold , faithless , damned , ugly , dark , gloomy , meager , stern , sighing , groaning , weeping , sullen , dull , drousy , dolefull . Dreames . Vain , deluding , fantastick , pale , disastrous , distracting , doubtfull , flattering , busie , senceless , flying , carefull , lying , wandring , ominous , pleasing , sensuall , bewitching , auspicious , black , slippery , carnall . Eloquence . Perswasive , nectar , drooping , captivating , bewitching , charming , enchanting , intrancing , commanding , winning , wooing , delicious , smooth , oily , ravishing , soft , rich , quaint , courtly , insinuating , victorious , triumphant , glorious , tickling , insulting , invading , subtle , conquering , tempting , painted , insinuating , glozeing , inveigling , deceitful , pollisht , sweet-tongued , grave , ciceronian , happy , attractive , circumventing , fancy , tickling , overcoming , successfull . Extasie . Soule-rapt , amazed , ravisht , removed out of the right mind , astonisht , lost in admiration . Eares . Listening , attentive , glowing , whispering , inquiring , winding , judging , Elegie . Wal●ing , lamenting , whining , mourning , puling , weeping , amorous , bawdy , wanton . Eunuch . Smooth-faced , delicate , effeminate , soft , unmanly , womanish , smooth-chinned . Entertainment Glorious , costly , gratious , courteous , welcome , loving , friendly , pompeous , fair , kind , rich , profuse , liberal , hearty , sumptuous , magnificent . Eyes Sparkling , flameing , dazling , burning , twinkling , passionate , weeping , lascivious , lively , lovely , wounding , melting , inveigling , charming , traiterous , wanton , perswasive , rolling , inflaming , pleading , greedy , scorching , smiling , beauteous , glistering , starry , discoursive , betraying , beamie , attractive , wandering , inflaming , commanding , inamouring , transparent , chearfull , soul-wounding , modest , assailing , bashfull , lustfull , intentive , courting , tempting , triumphant , conquering , notorious . Embraces . Wanton , warm , strict , joyfull , greedy , mutuall , delicious , deare , sweet , pleasant , amorous , ardent , fervent , inseparable , growing together , soft , close , circling , grasping , twisting , twining , loving , fruitfull . Farewell . Sad , grievous , loathed , tedious , lingring , last , pensive . Feet Delicate , tender , soft , beauteous , swift , flying , tripping , wanton , nimble , swift , paced , active , ivory , snowy , silver , stalking , trampling , Fancy . Quick , working , pregnant , nimble , contriving , active , stirring , roaming , vagrant , roving , industrious , plotting , studious , plodding , wandring , projecting , ranging , forgingworking , teeming , b●sie , coyning , spinning , inriched , wealthy , industrious , travelling . Forehead Smooth , sleek , stately , beauteous , delicious , majestick , comely , polisht-ivory . Fairies . Dairy , hunting , green , clothed , nimble , right-walking , dancing , tripping , sprightly , nipping , pinching , sporting , silent , soft-footed , light . Fortune . Inconstant , fickle , blind , hood-winkt , disastrous , slippery perfidious , froward , malicious , wanton , flattering , deluding , injurious , wayward , unlucky , malignant , imperious , domineering , tyrannizing , treacherous , commanding , insolent , envious , stepdame , dreadfull , peevish , uncertain , wheeling , giglet , deluding . Fountain . Silver , glideing , purling , pearly , christall , gushing , pratling , twatly , weeping , rolling , sweet , sparkling , flowing , glideing , bubling , chideing , running , sacred , grass , fringed , moss , margend , trickling , delicate , stragling , wandring , dancing , whispering , fluent , cleare . Frencie . Hot , roveing , chaseing , chollerick , furious , untamed . Flower . Perfumed , sweet , smileing , verdant , spicy , enameld , gaudy , checkred , fragrant , pregnant , pyed , painted , blushing , vernall , freckled , glittering , delicious , musky , short-lived , tufted , unspotted , lovely , swelling , odorous , vermilion , purple , silver , diapred , fadeing . Face . Beautifull , bewitching , inamouring , smiling , lovely , rosiat , inchaunting , inamouring , entrancing , attractive , heart-wounding , charming , sweet , admirable , captivating , unparaleld , wanton , pensive , lowring , frowning , winning , soul-conquering . Fate . Irresistible , inexorable , cruell , restless , rugged , flinty , remorsless , unmoved , unchang'd , uncontrolled , surly . Fingers . Slender , soft , delicate , nimble , quavering , sleek , long , small , active , pliant , industrious , ivory , wanton , trembling , alablaster . Fruit. Sweet , well-tasted , delicious , dangling , sweet-smelling , lean , inwrapped , mellow , green , yellow , golden , blushing , lean , inwrapt , hanging , painted , delightfull , autumnall , expected , desired , nectard , ambrosiall . Frowne . Disdainful , proud , angry , coy , surly , lowring , scowling , killing , murthering , discontented , clowdy browed , tempestuous , imperious , domineering , supercilious , tyranizing , awfull . Glory . Shining , painted , ambitious , costly , swelling , amazing , pompeous , dazeling , radiant , triumphant , victorious , immortall , windy , fleeting , fading , insolent , desired , inflaming . Grass . Pleasant , green , plusht , rich , verdent , springing , flowery , tufted , dasied , tender , deary , herby , pleasant , moist , checkerd , inameled , crisped , fadeing , withered . Grape . Soft , plump , nectareous , pleasant , cluttered , blushing , swelling , purple , youthfull , viny , dangling , delicious , generous , juycie , wanton , chearing , lusty , bleeding . Grove . Solitary , unfrequented , silent , shady , close , leavy , melancholy , lovely , solitary , forsaken , sullen , dark , unknown , remote , gloomy , mossy , ecchoing , delightfull , tufted , quiet , obscure , dusky , clowdy , secret . Honor. Popular , inthroned , glorious , shining , prodigious , bright , blazing , gaudy , pompeous , swelling , magnificent , glittering , radiant , triumphant , inflamed , waxen-winged , timpanized . Heart . Bleeding , wounded , melting , marble , tender , obstinate , relenting , adamantine , flinty , cruell , passionate , pittifull , thoughtfull , obdurate . Haire . Spreading , witty , golden , dangling , glittering , radiant , curling , tresses , careless , braided , silken , scattered , shining , pleated , rufled , fluent , artless , snarled , disheveld , discomposed , dispersed , ambrosiall , fragrant , gracefull , waveing , beauteous , fragrant , crisped , spangled , delightfull , lovely , pleasant , fettering , bushy , frizled , rosiate , shady . Handes . Ivory , snowy , marble , lilly , alablaster , well proportioned , beauteous , ambrosial , veinie , nervious , delicate , velvet , trembling , white , active , slender . Happiness . Desired , unexpressible , unfathomed , endless , enamoring , soft , ravishing , undisturbed , uninterrupted . Harmony . Enchanting , ravishing , seraphick , celestiall , according , agreeing , numerous , sweet , pleasant , melodious , joyous , gladsome , soule-raping , intranceing , charming , measured , invading . Head. Towring , majesticall , lofty , stately . Hate Heart , gnawing , cancred , festred , fretting , mortall , inveterate , deadly , irreconcileable , rancourd , fewd , revengfull . heart-gnawing , rooted . Jealousie . Hellish , trembling , inraged , suspicious , heart burning , selfe-wounding , soul martyring , pale , groundless , rageing , wakefull , wary , timerous , fearfull , causless , furious , peevish , cautelous , hatefull , revengfull , brutish , sottish , quicksighted , yellow , ghostly , raveing , suggesting , rivall , wakeing , outragious , searching , impatient , unhappy , blind , boyling , tormenting , frantick , distempered , stern , insaged , lean-chopt , wrathfull , surmizing , transporting . Flattery . Smooth , Oily , Courtly , base , slavish , servile , subtle , crowching , clawing , tempting , collogueing , honey-mouthed , sweet-tongued , glozing , insinuating , lisping , obsequious , dissembling , gilt-tongue , melting , officious , windy , cogging , pick-thankt , sugred , pliant , fawning , treacherous , circumventing , deluding , wily , crafty , sly , glasse-faced , fair-spoken , smooth-tongued , dawbing , winning , deluding . Fields . Gawdy , painted , flowry , tufted , checkred , grassy , sportive , spacious , wide , green , pleasant , delightfull , open , inamel'd , dasied , smiling , verdant , Herby , fragrant , diapred , fruitfull , pregnant , embroidred . Flames . Aspiring , mounting , towring , raging , licentious , insultive , catching , devouring , wirling , sparkling , embraceing , subtle , amorous , courting , greedy , lurking , nimble , searching , glowing , ruddy , radiant , flashing , furious , imbofomed , pierceing , scorching , glittering , climbing , impetuous , violent , untamed , bright , self-consuming , chearfull , lightsome , proud , ambitious , destroying , pursuing . Flea . Blood-thirsty , nipping , biteing , disturbing , peevish , sipping sucking , twitching . Forrest . Leafy , woody , shady , hoary , verdant , savage , gloomy , mossy , shaggy , beast-hunted , bushy , silent , shrubby , ecchoing , spatious , mast-bearing , dreadfull , grassy , wild , desert , rough , rocky , wide , devious , melancholy , uncouth , pathless , unfrequented . Feare . Pale , trembling , startling , wary , palsied , presageing , faint , chilling , jealous , sallow , reverentiall , ominous , superstitious , heartless , cold , guilty , hovering , sullen , suspitious , anxious , bloodless , distracted , unresolved , doubtfull , ignominious , restless , creame-faced , pale-hearted , ghostly , projecting , icy , suggesting , degenerate , puling , unresolved . Gentleman . Courtly , gallant , generous , noble , valiant , honor'd , brave , free-hearted , high-spirited , ingenuous , famous , illustrious . Garden . Painted , flowry , gawdy , embroidred , bordered , squared , knotted , enclosed , diapred , levelled , sweet , lovely , verdant , fragrant , well-drest , delicious , smiling , herby , pleasant , fruitfull , enameld , checkred , painted , delightfull . Gesture . Stately , courteous , speaking , flowing , gentle , seemly , comely , graceful , winning , unaffected , gracious , composed , free , handsome , lovely , ingratiating , pleasing , haughty . Griefe . Whining , puling , complaining , heart-tearing , contracting , rending , killing , imbosomed , heart-confounding , drooping , melancholy , eye-wringing , unbounded , gnawing torturing , impatient , inexpressible , heart-breaking , pinching , pettish , peevish , dreary , dolefull , oppressing , fretting , froward , sullen , gloomy , whimpering , melting , froward , wayward , gnawing . Gloves . Fringed , embrodered , persumed , fragrant , white , surred , musky , trimmed , fashionable , gentle , handsome , spruce , neat . Ingratitude . Odious , shamefull , fowle , base , loathsome , nasty , filthy , stinking . Instrument . Well tuned , melodious , harmonious , consorting , according , laborious , sounding . Jewels . Sparkling , glittering , rich , costly , pendant , radiant , flaming , precious , airy , inlightning , unvaluable . Insolence . Haughty , arrogant , disdainfull , triumphant , swelling , stately , proud , puft , souring , tyrannizing , brow-beating , scornfull , imperious , strutting , ambitious , presumptious , rash , disrespective , audacious , rufling , rustling , supercilious , surly , bold , respectless , fantastick , lofty , towring , mounting , insulting . Innocencie . Dove-like , soft , quiet , peacefull , spotless , unsullied , unstained , harmless , untainted , snowy , pure , cleare , bright , simple , chast , lillied , calme , unimpeached , guiltless , blanched , meek , blameless , religious , pious , sacred . Importunity . Undeniable , unmannerly , unhandsome , uncivill , uncomely , impatient , unanswerd , courtly , urging , odious , forceing . Inconstancy . Wavering , wheeling , turning , changeing , light , vaine , airy , mutable , moveing , floating . Influence . Heavenly , celestiall , virtuous , gracious , propitious , savourable , generous , vigorous , powerful , masculine , unresisting , smiling , happy , frowning , malignant , disastrous . Impudence . Brazen , seared , steeled , unblushing , shamless , audacious . bold , brasse-browed , bold-faced , insolent , proud , arrogant , undaunted , fancie , fearless , unawed , shallow , head-strong , immodest , shame-confounding . Joy. Transporting , heart-chearing , active , lightsome , diffusive , nuptiall , fresh , inchanting , soft , imparadising , balmy , deluding , deceitfull , pleasing , fleeting , trembling , transitory , attractive , frisking , danceing , leaping , melting , inlarging , smiling , intranceing , ravishing , bursting , delicious , luxurious , tickling . Knee . Ceremonious , supple , complementall , humble , obsequious , adoring , bended , cringing , crouching , honoring , sinewy , willing , obedient , supplyant , bowing . Kisses . Tempting , wooing , delicious , spicie , balmy , impressive , zealous , uniting , soul-transfusing , ravishing , inchaunting charming , heart-stealing , melting , nectard , sugred , lingring moistning , fond , ceremonious , wanton , leacherous , amorous , bawdy-breathing , roseat , fragrant , treacherous , arresting , smiling courting , stragling , bashfull , modest , virgin , maiden , chast , favourable , delightfull , voluptuous , joyous , lascivious , deawy , repeated , love-darting , printing , sealing , dinting , love-dropping , smacking , wounding , intranceing , forced , untoward , wrested , musky , warm , chearing , sweet , billing , Ambrosian , yeilding , welcome . Lute . Lesbian , many-string , warbling , quavering , harmonious , melodious , trembling , pleasant , delightfull , charming , delicious , ivory , golden , melancholy , amorous , sweet , sounding . Looking-glass . Representing , smooth , christall , shining , sleek , shape-reflecting , portraying , unflattering , silver , glittering , resembling , impartiall . Lust. Wild , burning , scorching , brutish , untamed , itchy , flameing , goatish , stallion , disordred , greedy , hot , secret , dark , impure , poysoning , provoking , obscene , inconsiderate , licentious , infamous , uncouth , unbridled , rammish , loathsome , unruly , lawless , beastly , unrestrained , filthy , damned , odious , contagious , furious , portentious , impetuous , voluptuous , sensuall , beastiall , lascivious , whorish , insatiate , bawdy , brotheld , liver , scalding , raging , luxurious , tempting . Logick . Arguing , disputing , contentious , wrangling . Labyrinth . Winding , amazing , turning , intangling , confounding , curious , mazy , doubling , intricate , snaky , subtle , ingenuous , pathless , crooked , meandring , Language . Smooth , oily , insinuating , fluent , sweet , flowing , strewed , with flowers , stately , winning , perswasive , taking , nectarean , delicious , intranceing , inchanting , charming , soul-ravishing , overcoming . Lustre . Resplendent , bright , dazling , victorious , pompeous , varnisht , triumphant , radiant , beamy , darting , transparent , reflecting , glorious , gracefull , flowing , shining , adorning , beauteous , flaming , fiery , sparkling , glitering , eye-conquering , starry , chearfull , twinkling , Lullaby . Pensive , carefull , charming , soft , drowsy , sleepy . Lilly. Unsullied , unspotted , bright , tall , untainted , pale-faced , silver , smiling , painted , fruitfull , royall , mayden . Loadstone . Attractive , embracing , tenacious , subtle , drawing , wanton , uxorious . Longing . Amorous , desirous , unsatisfyed , insatiate , passionate , greedy , ardent , burning . Laughter . Lowd , side , holding , loose , shrill , wanton , sawcy , disordered , fawning , silly , ignorant , unseasoned , unruly , fleering , sneering , noisefull , disturbing . Lethargy . Dull , forgetfull , drowsy , lither , sluggish , unactive , doating , dreaming , sleepy , cold , moist , heavy , lumpish , sottish . Love. Blind , inflaming , ardent , servent , zealous , officious , obsequious , resolved , doating , passiionate , tedious , unexpressible , unmeasured , silent , transported , impatient , gamesome , unfathomed , secret , mistrustfull , jealous , carefull , ambitious , audacious , ticklish , sugred , wanton , lascivious , honyed joyous , slippery , untainted , flattering , sawning , thoughtfull , fearfull , solicitous , idolatrous , captivated , winged , superstitious , conquering , deceitfull , heart-stealing , thievish , inchanting , bewitching , imperious , adventrous , uncontrolled , commanding , affectionate , sporting , marrow-boyling , melting , cruell , remorsless , venerous , fond . Lover vide love . Fantastick , gorgeous , persumed , complementall , pale , fainting , eye-ravisht , thoughtfull , grieved , secret , neat , spruce , flattering , trim , brisk , languishing , frisled , crisped , impatient , sportive , inconstant , submissive , fresh , sleek , joyous , glancing , melancholy , obsequious , watchfull , captivated , jealous , boasting , youthfull , blin , uxorious , pensive , modest , mute , bashfull , pleasant , frollick , whispering , courteous , distracted , sad . Lookes . Smiling , chearfull , modest , disdainfull , speaking , whispering , discoursive , mournfull , attractive , supercilious , winning , wooing , sterne . Lockes . Frisled , braided , wiry , golden , glittering , sparkling , bright , sleek , spreading , flowing , snary , dangling , nets to catch a lover in , curled , scattered , pleated , amber , floating , flared , disheveld , bushy , discomposed , artless , careless , dispersed , fluent . Lips. Balmy , tempting , melting , carnation , vermilion , ruby , scarlet , amorous , rosy , cherry , blushing , corall , delicious , charming , enchanting , intrancing , smiling , wanton , life , breathing , infusing , honey , flowing , trembling , swelling , love , dropping , juycy , nectarean , gentle , purple , warme , soft . Limbs . Graceful , well-shapt , lovely , snowy , beauteous , hansome , harmonious , comely , ivory , well-proportioned . Marigold . Sun , inamoured , yellow , shining , flaming , blazing , Sun-courted , dew , drowned , opening , shutting . Marble . Corinthian , Parian , sleek , enduring , obdurate , curled , smooth , breathless , unrelenting , hard , cold , stiffe , sensless , glittering , phrigian , weeping , azure , speckled , coloured , unmidian , solid , polisht , spotted , rocky , lasting , Magick Secret , hidden , inchanting , charming , dreadfull , execrable , mumbling , cursed , hellish , murmuring , commanding , ceremonious , superstitious , powerfull , deceit full , jugling , presaging , misterious , inforcing , victorious , efficacious . Magazia . Well-stored , wealthy , thronged , furnisht , crowded , spacious , copious , large . Metaphors . Quaint , far-fetcht , strained , forced , translated , painted , flowery . Melancholy . Solitary , pensive , sad , dreary , black , subtle , froward , lovely , dampish , heart-breaking , unsociable , drooping , dejected , whining , puling , powting , cross , armed , sullen , down-cast , lumpish , swarthy , fearfull , dull , reposed , recluse , retired , discontented , dark , gloomy , weeping , discontent , dusky , heart-contracting , distracted , despairing , fickle , untoward , heart-rending , killing , imbosomed , complainfull , whimpering , macerating , heart-eating , oppressing , fretting , smarting , torturing , hellish , eye-squeesing , gnawing , unexpressible , heart-afflicting , soule-wounding , heart-confounding . Melody . Sweet , pleasant , gladsome , harmonious , according , soul-invading , ravishing , intrancing , delicious , charming , Seraphick . Martyr . Constant , joyfull , faithfull , willing , patient , valiant , couragious , languishing , burning , pittied , unmoved , glorious , honor'd , persecuted , tormented , wretched . Marmoset . Grinning , antick , toying , foolish . Mind . Active , thoughtfull , roveing , discoursive , pregnant , teeming , wealthy , studious , industrious , minting , coyning , hewing , ranging , poysoning , floating , wandring , forgeing , working , busy , quick , moving , stirring , posling , inventive , carefull , winged , subtle , deceitfull , contriving . Marriage . Solemne , ceremonious , ingrafting , uniting , shackling , fettering , coupling , sacred , cementing , fruitfull , joyfull , chaining , riveting , captivating , geniall , feastfull , fruitfull , happy , succesfull , lawfull , stollen , manacling . Mirth . Joviall , frolick , joyfull , pleasant , tickling , jolly , gamesome , sportive , delightfull , sprightly , giddy , heart-easing , defusive , melting , frisking , soft , melting-heart , inlarging , inchanting , lovely , loose , toyish , gigling , sprightfull , gracefull , frantick , heart-chearing , dancing , lightsome , gladsome , youthfull . Madness . Furious , wild , savage , distempred , frantick , giddy , disordred , head-strong , untamed , unruly , flaming-eyes , ghostly , inraged , tempestuous , stormy , boyling , impetuous , transporting , haire-brained , distracted . Mistery . Concealed , hidden , secret , high , admired , amazing , stupendious , unconceived , uncomprehended , solemne , ceremonious , sacred , divine , unvulgar , unexpressible , deep , unknown , profound . Moon . Horned , waining , increasing , decreasing , waxing , dewy , pale-eyed , pale-faced , silver , inconstant , wandring , radiant , silent , bright , ●inseld , glistering , Diana , aged , new-born , growing , decreasing , woman-governing . Moore . Black , Negro , swarthy , tawny , cruel , subtle , jealous , barbarous , sallow , curled , lustfull , broyled , flat-nosed , black-eyed , ox-eyed , unshaved , cruell , speedy , swift-footed , nimble , fierce . Modesty . Virgin , maiden , sober , pure , blushing , silent , vestall , grave , chast , bashfull , trembling , civill , strait-laced , well-tempered , respective , sweet , cold , gracefull , winning , shame-faced . Monkey . Chattering , toyish , gamesome , , unlucky , lustfull , counterfeiting , medling , sprightfull , wily , imitating . Mirtle . Paphian , tender , Venus , tree , drowsy , sleepy , fading , short-lived , cold , trembling , narrow-leaved , frost-fearing , quivering , odorous , fragrant . Musick . Heart-ravishing , charming , inchanting , intrancing , celestiall , heavenly , crocheting , melodious , harmonious , soule-invading , well-tuned , according , consorting , well-measured , sweet , pleasant , delightfull , chearfull , seraphick , sence , bereaveing , fancy , tickling , wanton , descanting , well-proportioned , quavering , diapasoned , delicious , warbling , eare-commanding , angelicall . Multitude . Wilde , credulous , hair-brained , mad , furious , tumultuous , ignorant , stiffe-necked , stubborn , heady , rebellious , humorous , self-willed , many headed , misled , giddy , frantick , shallow-pated , unlearned , promiscuous , inconstant , unsetled , weak-brained , crowding , hronging , thick-shouldred , thick-sculled , clustred , lawless , seditious , factious , implacable , storming , wild , credulous , soon-perswaded , soft-pated , the rascall herd , misjudging , unletterd , unconceiveing , barking , buffle-head , impertinent , mangy , stinking , admiring , news-affecting , pratling , innovating , clownish , outragious , railing , silly , deluded , malignant , saucy , foolish , way-ward , whirligig-pated . Nimph. Fair-haired , bright , lovely , sleek-haired , nimble-footed , painted , shining , spangle-glittering , tripping , sportive , chast , gamesome , fair , wanton , spring-haunting , dancing , merry , frollick , gleesome , neat-drest , amorous , skipping , Diana , following , wood-haunting , quiver-bearing , soft , haired . Navel . Round , tying , knotty , nursing . Nuptials vide marriage . Amorous , wanton , solemne , ceremonious , joyful , hymeneall , gorgeous , pompcous , sacred , divine , fruitfull , feastfull , fettering , shackling , managing , uniting , happy , unhappy , succesfull , ominous , lawfull , geniall , sheets . Night . Aethiopian , Negro , gloomy , shady , dark , drowsy . Nox . Still , black-eyed , sullen , shady , swarthy , starry , silent , black-browed , gloomy , sable , dreaming . Nightingale . Sweet , harmonious , warbling , quivering , ravishing , chanting , amorous , pleasant , wailing . Nature . Pregrant , solicitous , officious , vigorous , teeming , provident , courteous , industrious , fruitfull . Nose . Stately , majestick , Roman , snotty , snivelling , snufling , sagacious , crooked , smelling . Obsequies . Sad , ceremonious , religious , pompeous , mournfull , honor'd , solemne . Orange . Yellow , golden , delicious , odorous , thirst , allayinging , face-washing , juicy , squeesed . Orator vide Eloquence . Sweet-lipt , insinuating , perswasive , sweet-tongued , subtle , learned , flowing , smooth , melifluous , bewitching , inchanting , intrancing , double-tongued , glozing , commanding , victorious , eare-tickling , charming , soul-ravishing , Ciceronian , smooth , oyled , courtly , flowing , captivating , sententious , grave . Odours or Smels . Aromatick , luxurious , voluptuous , spicy , subtle , rich , costly , pretious , perfumed , ambrosiall , joviall , pleasant , wanton , delicious , assyrian , chased , musky , Arabian , Panonian , Indian , Sabean , melifluous , ingratefull , malevolent , loathsome , noysome , stifling , infectious , sulsome , suming , sence-stifling , sulphurous , overcomeing . Oath . Strict , religious , awfull , sacred , binding , inforcing , obliging , ceremonious , truth-confirming , faithfull , inviolable . Ornament . Beauteous , gorgeous , stately , gracefull , glorious , gallant , pompeous , magniticent , curious , embolisht , shining , dazling , glittering , costly , sumptuous , ambitious , curious . Ode . Lyrick , wanton , amorous , charming , pleasing . Obleigment . Binding , tying , deep , strong , great , forcing , slavish . Obsequiousness . Active , humble , nimble , pliant , servile , slavish , yeilding , officious , obedient , crouching , fawning , flattering , oily , clawing , soft , smooth , melting , soothing , ready , winning . Oblivion . Dark , dusky , solitary , gloomy , obscure , unkind , forgetfull , buryed . Opinion . Giddy , vaine , doubtfull , floating , inconstant , wavering , reeling , groaping , staggering , distracted , discomposed , tottering , suspitious , common , received , false , vulgar , erronious , jealous , heartless , faint , fading , hovering . Opportunity . Favourable , propitious , smiling , inviting , crowning , wooing , seasonable , smooth , convenient , suddain , unexpected , offered , occasioned , fair , courting , mature , commodious , sit , pleasing , desired , wisht , well-suiting , proper . Paradise . Celestiall , immortall , glorious , beauteous , happy , deathless , delicious , eternall , triumphant , flowry , joyfull , enamouring , ever-springing , intrancing , soul-ravishing , soule-invading , transporting . Pace . Grave , measured , quick , nimble swist , soft-footed , theevish , slow , speedy-winged , breathed , tardy , slow-footed , stealing , gliding , swimming , silent . Pallace . Aspiring , magnificent , gorgeous , sumptuous , royall , majesticall , stately , beautifull , losty , clowd , kissing , exalted , glorious , ambitious , glittering , gilded , towred . Purple . Tyrian , Persian , royall , princely , stately , blushing , shining , pompeous , glittering , vermilion , bloody , ruddy , rich , sumptuous , glorious , magnificent . Phantasies . Empty , insubstantiall , vain , ravishing , imaginary , airy , flying , uncertain , dreadfull , pale , greasy , affrighting , ghostly . Pitty . Affectionate , yeilding , bleeding , melting , calme , soft , charitable , feeling , affectionate , weeping , compassionate , tender-hearted . Poison . Rageing , sleepy , drowsy , cold , hot , secret , slie , working , treacherous , lurking , deceitfull , banefull , pale , rageing , deadly , tainted , eating , black , swelling , spreading , destroying , viperous , benumming , stupifying , burning , inflaming . Poetry , Poesy , Poet. Immortall , deathless , sacred , enamouring , soule-bereaving , sprightly , lively , almighty , well-composed , couched , labord , powerfull , embalming , fluent , nimble , learned , numerous , sinewy , sweet , flowing , smooth , swelling , flattering , enthusiastick , lascivious , stately , lofty , wanton , pleasant , brisk , amorous , sacred , numbers , measures , heaven , bred , muse , inspired , harmonious , melodious , honor'd , biting , lashing , satyrick , lyrick , heroick , Jambick , prohetick , winding , artfull , knowing , well-tuned , tickling , nectareous , Ambrosian , sugred , divine , facetious , loose , fabulous , fictious , lascivious , witty , well-drest , lawreat , soul-ravishing , charming , inchanting , intrancing , musicall , soul-invading , imparadising , grave , immortalizing . Pomander . Perfumed , delicious , sweet , well-sented , pleasing , odoriferous , well-smelled , fragrant . Pomgranate . Many , kerneld , juicy , pelicious , vermilion , blushing . Parke . Pleasant , delightfull , herby , woody , grassy , inclosed , fruitfull , verdant , flowry , empaled , green , plusht , spacious . Page . Quick , diligent , speedy , officious , observant , ready , carefull , serviceable , obsequious , brisk , dutifull , attending , nimble , waiting . Paradox . Improbable , stoicall , unvulgar , unbelived , incredible , false-seeming . Paleness . Trembling , chill , cooled , bleak , fainting , meager , assrighted , gastly , difigured , discolor'd , fearfull . Palate . Delicious , nice , curious , luxrious , judicious , insatiate , greedy , gluttenous , well-tasted . Prejudice . Partiall , corrupting , blinding , injurious , disadvantagious , indammaging . Praise . Lasting , immortall , never-dying , monumentall , deserved , windy , layish , admired , glozing , inflaming , triumphant , swelling , attractive , magnetick , big-bellied , deathless , unmeasured , unsounded , timpanized , lasting , induring , blazing . Pride . Stately , high , swolne , dareing , unconfined , swelling , boundless , triumphant , envied , fantastick , insulting , imperious , hatefull , lofty , shameless , unblushing , vaunting , flaunting , tyrannizing , sky-towring , boasting , purple , ambitious , heady , portly , mounting , respectless , haughty , insolent , squint-eyed , audacious , stern , scornfull , disdainfull , presumptuous , over-weening , strutting , rebellious , lucifernal , impetuous , flaming , glittering , brow-beating , frantick , supercilious . Presumption . Adventurous , bold , arrogant , insolent , daring , rash , audacious , savage , proud , swelling , puft , unmannerly . Pretence . False , lying , jugling , glozing , cogging , likely , colourable . Proportion . Beauteous , lovely , sweet , uniforme , measured , squared , handsome , equall , comely , gracefull . Picture . Lively , speaking , rich , painted , fair , dumb , artificiall , deluding , eye-deceiving , water-coloured , oyly , toyey , life , dead , varnisht , skillfull , counterfeiting , eye-deluding , representing , resembling , inimitable , beautifull , lascivious , unparalleld , coppying , imitating , stout , stern , majesticall , soul-conquering , inchanting , charming , commanding , incomparable . Pardon . Gracious , favorable , mercifull , free , indulgent , smiling , remissive , willing , courteous . Plays , Sports , Games , Pastimes . Pleasant , frollick , delightfull , soft , mirthfull , sportfull , wanton , care-killing , facetious , idle , unthrifty , time-stealing , harmless , voluptuous , sensual , loose , dissolute , lascivious , vain , empty , delicious , beguiling , refreshing , honest , sweet . Passion . Distempred , distracted , head-strong , frantick , untamed , unruly , uncollected , disordred , wild , furious , raging , mad , light-winged , usurping , unbridled , irefull , stormy , tyranous , willfull , disquiet , transporting , roaving , affectionate , turbulent , vehement , violent , ardent , fervent , surprizing , impetuous , monstrous , importuning , impatient , blind , imperious , inconstant , irresistible , inexpressible , unlimited , unadvised . Pastorals . Pleasant , jolly , rustick , rurall , innocent , plain , youthfull , harmless , low-stiled , humble . Plaines . Flowry , fragrant , verdant , spatious , enameld , delightfull , humble , smiling , fruitfull , grassy , pleasant , green , tufted , frollick , stream-haunted , lovely , dasied , inameld , flowry , spangled , odorious , sweet , delicious , embrodred , diapred , leveld , green , plusht , fair , clothed , sprightly , joviall . Parasite . Dissembling , officious , fawning , obsequious , pliant , sugred , pick-thank , glass-faced , treacherous , smoothing , lisping , golden-tongued , quaint , oily , courtly , filed-tongue , smooth-tongued , flattering , serving , cogging , insinuating , slavish , lying , greedy , smell-feast , idle , collogueing , chearing , jugling , circumventing , knee-crouching , crafty , wily , deluding , clawing , dowbing , tempting , fair-spoken , smooth-worded , glozing , tickling . Parrat . Pratling , babling , green , painted , fair , plumed , chattering , takling , tatling , gawdy . Pandar . Sly , crafty , importunate , beastly , brutish , obscene , wary , perfidious , soothing , cunning , cheating , tempting , deceitfull , lascivious , fawning , viilanous , youth-corrupting , immodest , filthy , shameless , brazen-faced , inticing , alluring , training , impudent . Pyramid . Star , pointing , monumentall , aspiring , tall , towring , clowd , bearing , prodigious , lasting , heaven-peirceing , proud , ambitious , sky-bearing , sky-threatning , heaven-pierceing , mounting , exalted , lofty , sowring . Pomp. Stately , sumptuous , costly , magnificent , gorgeous , glorious , golden , glittering , superfluous , smiling , courtly , ambitious , expensive , excessive , needless , vaine , glorious , wastfull , ceremonious , dazling , triumphant , solemne , proud , royall , fantastick , blazing , profuse , lavish , unthrifty , gallant , shining , flaming . Perswasion Moving , courting , soft , insinuating , subtle , slie , winning , victorious . Periwig . False , counterfeit , hairy , curled , frizled . Perfume . Sweet , spicy , fr●grant , Ambrosian , compounded , choice , rich , odorous , costly , sacred , ravishing , lascivious . Pen. Learned , quaint , polite , studious , laborious , eloquent , artfull , industrious , nimble , quick , clarkly . Pelican . Solitary , lovely , melancholy , Aegytian , indulgent , sharp-beakt , mourning , officious , loving , breast-peirceing , bloodfeeding , afflicted , distressed . Pearle . Precious , Indian , costly , inchasing , flaming , blazing , aire-gilding , inlightning , orient , rich , beauteous , eastern , curious , delicious , sparkling , reflecting , orientall , radiant , beaming , dangling , bright . Pleasure . Soft , delicious , melting , wanton , alluring , inticing , easy , idle , itching , lulling , desired , inveigling , transitory , inamouring , empty , charming , fancy , tickling , glozing , pernicious , treacherous , intemperate , gliding , blind , fulsome , toyish , disordred , revelling , care-killing , unbridled , effeminate , honey-flowing , depraved , unmeasured , delightfull , fresh , choice , intrancing , imparadising , balmy , beckoning , magnetick , attractive , sportive , chearing , heart-inlarging , luxurious , voluptuous , lascivious , fadeing , vaine , nectareous , Ambrosian , spicy , active , lightsome , beguiling , ravishing , tempting , captivating , transporting , bewitching , syrenian , flashy , soul-invading , smiling . Patron . Propitious , benevolent , favorable , protecting , liberall , beneficious , bountifull , smiling , defending , securing . Perjury . Impious , cursed , damned , hellish , black , hollow . Perfection . Divine , rare , absolute , admired , compleat , exact , accomplisht , unexampled , unequal'd , unparaleld , unmatcht , singular , beauteous , desired , unpattern'd , unparagon'd . Qualme . Suddain , oppressing , unexpected , surprising , overcoming . Quiver . Painted , sounding , arrow-bearing , dangling , hanging , gilded . Quince . Strong-sented , yellow , downy , soft-skinned , woolly . Queen . Stately , majestick , imperious , awfull , scepter-bearing , sacred , glorious , virtuous , glittering , commanding . Question . Doubtfull , perplexing , puzling , obscure , debated , auxious , argued , discussed , brawling , jangling , controverted , discoursive , contentious , wrangling , disputed . Quick-silver . Nimble , squeamish , stirring , active , coy , skipping . Renegado . Perfidious , false , apostate , faithless , damned , infamous , branded , revolting , perjured . Rusticity . Clownish , lubberly , untaught , barbarous , ignorant , unmannerly , blundering , plain , simple , saucy , rude , slovenly , absurd , boysterous , blustering . Rose . Fragrant , sweet , blushing , odorous , early , delicious , painted , dew , empearl'd , thorny , prickly-bearded , smiling , vermilion , carnation , perfumed , maiden , virgin , untainted , unspotted , lovely , dew-dropping , fading , blowing , senceravishing , languishing , weeping . Race . Speedy , sinewey , nervy , swift , nimble , quick , light-footed , puffing , breathless , sweating , contentious , posting , active , short-winded . Rock . Hanging , lofty , craggy , mossy , aged , hollow , vaulted , se● surveying , high-browed , uncouth , forsaken , sky-braving , sk●-invading , obdurate , flinty , hard , impregnable , melancholy , da●●ing , splitting , sea-confronting , sea-over-hanging , wave-breaking , sea-daring , over-looking , repelling , churlish , surly , aspiring , steepy , barren , unfrequented , impregnable , ship-wracking , unfruitful , ambitious , dreadful , portentuous , exalted , wave-spurning , gutter'd , crannied , slippery , inaccessible . Rape . Deflowring , inforcing , violent , ravishing , impetuous , unwilling , inexorable , resistless . Rainbow . Chequer'd , embroidred , purple , Iris , painted , arched , various , Junoes hand-maid , moist , presaging , gawdy , crooked , sun-opposing , streaked , eye-pleasing , sun-confronting , many-coloured . Recreation . Sportful , gamesome , toyish , harmless , civil , moderate , temperate , sweet , lovely , lavish , unthrifty , fruitless , heart-chearing , solacing , reviving , pleasing , time-beguiling , delightful . Repulse . Sharp , coy , scornfull , churlish , sower , stern , dogged , cruell , angry , couragious , impetuous , manly , obstinate , resolved , valiant , sturdy , brave , glorious , victorious . Request . Solicitous , importunate , seasonable , suppliant , earnest , humble , submissive , urging , pressing , unreasonable , faire , pertinent , impertinent , unseasonable , seasonable , honest , civill , fawning , crouching , bold , audacious , easie , undeniable . Rapture . Poetick , raveing , high-rapture , flowne , enthusiastick , refining , lofty , intranching , inchanting , flameing , sparkling , soul-moving , bewitching , melting , ravishing , transporting , glorious , pleasing , elevating , mounting , towring , inspired . Reproose . Angry , sower , stern , grim , couragious , magnanimous , stout , furious , just , unjust , deserved , undeserved , merited , sharp , harsh , smart , satyricall , biting , surly , dogged , chollerick Ruby . Pretious , wealthy , blushing , orient , glittering , beauty , shining , Indian , radiant , invaluable , inestimable . River . Silver-breasted , christall , swelling , winding , amorous , wheeling , wrigling , sliding , smooth , floating , swan-embrodred , hasty , swift , whispering , gulphy , uxorious , bank-courting , bank-saluting , glassy , vaulting , dancing , wandring stragling , whirling , leaping , snaky , gliding , parling , hurrying , incensed , rolling , tumbling , cleare . Revenge . Bloody , insatiate , black , dismall , boyling , raging , furious , passionate , sparkling , selfe-willed , impatient , impetuous , swelling , burning , stormy , barbarous , siery , hot , flaming , thirsty , cruell , hellish , just , stinging , rash , implacable , sad unappeased , snake-haired , desperate , flame-eyed , ●rim , stern , frowning , wrathfull , threatning , menacing , ragefull . Rites . Misterious , sacred , solemne , venerable , ancient , received , pious , religious , Rivall . Suspicious , jealous , envious , ambitious , fearfull , cautious , circumspect , amorous , wary , heart-wounded , eye-observing , calumnious , malicious , revengfull . Rigour . Flinty , cruell , marble-breasted , furious , imperious , stern , savage , obstinate , obdurate , relentless , remorsless , bitter , angry , tyrannous , merciless . Riddle . Subtle , profound , knotty , dark , perplexed , puzling , hard , posing , ambiguous , secret , doubtfull , scrupulous , concealed , misterious . Reverence . Ceremonious , pious , solemn , submissive , auspicious , obsequious , fearfull , awfull , knee-bowing , prostrating , adoring , silent , dreadfull . Rhetorick , vide Eloquence . Charming , enchanting , Nectareous , Ambrosian , quaint , terse , fancy , tickling-eare , captivating , soule-moving , heart-stealing , perswasive , soul-ravishing , sweet-lipt , soul-invading , bewitching , tempting , overcoming , courtly , varnisht , smooth glozing , insinuating , victorious , painted . Repose . Soft , quiet , secure , easy , silken , happy , peacefull , desired , warme , lazy , calme . Simpathy . Mutuall , agreeing , uniting , according , loveing , naturall , inbred , amorous , secret , silent admired , affectionate , innate . Symetry . Attractive , harmonious , comely , gracefull , beauteous , perfect , compleat , accomplisht , eye-pleasing , proportioned , becoming , handsome , lovely , harmonious , equall , measured . Suspition . Groundless , squint-eyed , jealous , dark , wary , frantick , causless , secret , pale , fearfull , trembling , probable , prying , wakefull . Summer . Flowry , green , plusht , verdant , pleasant , friutfull , sultry , tanning , scalding , scorching , hot , boyling , parching , sweltring , beamy , pestilential sweaty , thirsty , yawning , fiery , peirceing , embroidred , inameld , diapred , chequerd , fair , temperate , chearful , harvest-bringing , barn-filling , corn-hoarding , infections , diseased , yellow-eared , glorious , quickning , reviving , impartial , gladsome , dusty , joyful , refreshing , plentiful , fruit-bearing , laborious , requiting , crowne-rejoycing , youthful , leavy , fragrant . Strawberry . Creeping , spreading , crawling , blushing , cooling , mountainous , creamy , soft , delicious , pleasant . Straines . Warbling , harmonious , melodious , high-tuned , inspired , sprightful , sence-bereaving , charming , bewitching , entranceing , pleasant , delightful , lofty , celestial , heavenly , angelical , soul-ravishing , sence-captivating , stately , homely , rural , rustick , humble , pastoral , martial , warlike , tunefull . Stile . Elegant , eloquent , ●erse , delicate , soft , smooth , natural ; facituous , unforced , easie , fluent , learned , polite , accurate , grave , humble , groveling , stately , satyrical , well-coucht , curious , lofty , farre-fetcht . Stoick . Rigid , obdurate , dull , sullen , unmoving , senceless . Sacrifice . Humble , appeasing , solemne , bloody , religious , sacred , victim , pious , burning . Saint . Honord , exalted , blessed , glorious , divine , immortall , celestiall , inthroned , exalted , triumphant , canonized , inshrined . Silk-worm . Industrious , laborious , pompious , wealthy , working , nimble , active , teeming . Silence . Peacefull , slumbring , reposed , dull , concealing , monastick , awfull , blind , selfe-deceiving , shady , still , listening , appeased , attentive , secret , calme , forced , willing , yeilding , night-enamoured , phlegmatick , trusty , faithfull , nightcourting , timerous , fearfull . Sighs . Blood-sucking , thirsty , consuming , scalding , burning , airy , scorching , blasting , fiery , deep-fetcht , heart-rending , wounding , breaking , burning , whispering , amorous , dissembled , concealed , secret , interrupted , sweet , trembling , inclosed , breathing , weeping , repeating , heart-breaking , languishing , fainting , penitent , bewailing , lamenting , remorsfull , zealous , religious , pious , amorous , heart-fretting , mournfull , sad , pensive , melancholy , penitentiall , melting , fervent winged , stormy , restless , hearty , affectionate , groaning , compassionate . Strumpet . Shameless , impudent , notorious , bawdy , lascivious , rampant , salacious , dissolute , uncivill , wanton , lustfull , immodest , intangling , insnaring , inticing , alluring , rammish , goatish , rotten , loathsome , painted , cancred , itchy , dallying , infamous , night-walking , captivating , inthralling , mercenary , perfidious , dissembling , perjured , pocky . Streames . Silver , christall , purling , foaming , winding , curled , writhing , wrigling , uxorious , courting , hasty , embrodred , swift-paced , tumbling , frothy , bank-courting , bustling , murmuring , rumbling , surgy , chiding , impetuous , resistless , snaky , hurrying , silent , sweeping , chiding , azure , wany , rustling , amorous , careering , angry , boyling fruitfull , fishy , flowing , running , gliding , slippery , raging , incensed , vaulting , dancing , soft , whispering , wandring , stragling , gushing , drenching , whirling , rushing , glassy , pearly , silver-breasted , yelling , swelling , wheeling , spreading , glancing , gently-sliding . Servant . Active , willing , nimble , ready , officious , industrious , quick , stirring , obedient , pliant , diligent , laborious , toylsome , obsequious , carefull , painfull , watchfull , faithfull , honest , assiduous , idle , negligent , insolent , proud , disobedient , regardless , repining , fancy , uncivill , d●oanish , lither , lazy , drowsy , sleepy , rebellious , grumbling , murmuring . Service , Servitude . Rigorous , hard , honourable , happy , drudging , easy , cruell , slavish , wretched , constrained , dejecting , vexing , detested , unsupportable , intollerable , burdenous , toylsome , shamefull , tyrannous , ignominious . Sence . Active , nimble , voluptuous , erroneous , seducing , sportive , gamesome . Secret. Hidden , misterious , private , concealed , sequestred , undivulged , private , reserved , coverd , inclosed imbosomed , imprisoned , committed , deep , profound , silent , treasured , pensive , lurking . Sea. Angry , raging , swelling , boyling , working , floating , surrounding , stirring , winding , sail-bearing , ingorging , incircling , ingulphing , girdling , unconfined , boundless , devourin● , roaring , bellowing , insatiate , shelfy , soundless , rocky , billowy , frothy , wealthy , tossing , swelling , swallowing , awfull , dreadfull , ship-wracking , insulting , licentious , toyling , floody , pathless , surgy , irefull , stormy , ebbing , flowing , , tumbling , glassy , plowed , unbottomed , unfathomed , unmeasured , impetuous , blew-waved , Neptune , Thetis , brackish , tumultuous , yeilding , aged , hoary , rugged , rufled , vaulting , fretting , belching , untamed , foamy , high-waved , troubled . Sparrow . Salacious , lustfull , fruitfull , ingendring , procreative , encreasing . Spaniell . Questing , ranging , fawning , shaggy , loving . Squirrell . Active , lightsome , nimble , nut-cracking , vaulting , leaping , skipping , stirring , bush-tailed . Scold or Shrew . Angry , curst , frowning , peevish , way-ward , sower-lookt , brow-beating , sullen , furious , brawling , clashing , wrangling , storming , fretting , railing , tippet , upright . Sycophant , vide Parasite . Smooth-tongued , oyly , pick-thank'd , calumnious , jugling , deceitfull , slanderous , detracting , defaming , cogging , glozing , collogueing , cheating . Soule . Divine , immortall , deathless , lively , subtle , active , sprightly , sparkling , unfathom'd , apprehensive , unbodied , dislodged , undiscern'd , celestiall , nimble-winged . Slye . Lofty , stirring , christall , glittering , glorious , azure , inameld , embroidred , marble , transparent , spangled , beamy , empty , dusky , transparent , vaulty , starry . Slave . Servile , infamous , oppressed , branded , drudging , dejected , abused , ignominious . Sleep . Soft , peacefull , reposed , leaden-fingred , silent , arresting , gentle , downy , calme , silken , forgetfull , golden , drowsy , surprizing , yawning , healthfull , all-subduing , refreshing , delicious , senceless , counterfeiting , death-imitating , benumming , heavy , pale , deceitfull , curtained , balmy , charming , heavy . Smell . Sweet-breathing , delicious , pleasant , perfumed , odoriferous , fragrant , Arabian , Indian , Aromatick , spicy , sence-affecting , delightfull , balmy , geniall , musky , aire-perfuming , unwhole some , loathsome , fullsome , noisome , infectious , contagious , sence-overcoming , stinking . Snow . Soft , white , fleecy , driven , flaky , wooly , untrodden , Alpian , Thracian , Scythian , plumy , feathered , melting , itchy , freezing , hoary , scattred , showring , drizling , mountainous , curled , blanched , ragged , shivering . Sorrow . Weeping , wailing , whining , sighing , groaning , lamenting , pining , inward , inexpressible , lumpish , wrinkling , griping , drooping , eye-wringing , brinish , killing , heart-contracting , wounding , heart-rending , tearing , gnawing , fretting , unquiet , impatient , gawling , eating , devouring , heart-breaking , pensive , melting , pinching , discontented , sable , mournfull . Speech . Witty , winning , popular , rationall , taking , well-coucht , learned , captivating , tedious , ingenuous , terse , pleasing , tarte , polite , fawning , rhetoricall , eloquent , sharp-eare , inticing , bewitching , pleasing , charming . Spheares . Spangled , whirling , rapid , harmonious , beauteous , glorious , wheeling , embroidred , inamel'd , christall , lofty , moving , turning , musicall , azure , chimeing , tunefull , rolling . Solemnity . Lofty , ceremonious , thronged , exact , sacred , superstitious , famous , honourable , royall , religious , venerable . Song . Inchanting , intrancing , harmonious , delicious , lulling , sprightfull , enamouring , ravishing , bewitching , sweet , flowing , warbling , sence-bereaving , melodious , quavering , pleasant , rural , pastorall , mournful , joviall , sence-chearing , heart-reviving , life-infusing , voice . Shade , shadow . Gloomy , darksome , Syluan , lightsome , whispering , s●owling , sullen , cooling , refreshing , dewy , befriending , courteous , kind , sad , melancholy , genial , hospitable , verdant , deceitfull , drowsy , flying , glancing , fading , vain , sun-dispersing , empty , griefly , ghastly , unfrequented , silent , glimpsing , flitting , stirring , dusky , brown , pale , feeble , dogging , pursuing , fable , meager , gliding , wandring . Shame . Bash●ull , blushing , infamous , disgracefull , opprobrious , pale , concealing , ignominious , fearfull , trembling , reproachfull , modest , ingenuous , dishonest , ugly , lasting , Shepheard , swaine . Piping , gle●some , mirthfull , jolly , frollick , silly , gamesome , rurall , rustick , active , loving , carefull , harmless , contented , secure , buxome , jocond , brisk , trim , neat , buskind , spruce , honest , unenvied , blith , Phillis-enamour'd , love-sick , despairing , careless , whistling , burnt , parcht , dusky , tawny , lovely , sportive , Snare . Subtle , deceitfull , ●lye , treacherous , intangling , catching , surprizing , inthralling , sence-beguiling , captivating , imprisoning . Sunne . Glorious , lofty , bright , golden , Apollo , Titan , beamy , glittering , radiant , scorching , broyling , parching , rosting , chearfull , vapour-attracting , heaven-surrounding , crested , inlightning , peirceing , infusing , burning , thirsty , drying , life-infusing , flamy , fiery , golden-haired , careering , wheeling , galloping , mitred , faire-tressed , flame-haired , dazling , quickning , reviving , discerning , illustrating , all-seeing , garish , gladsome , unweared , rolling , glowing , restless , galloping , sparkling , speedy , posting . Sport. Delightsome , pleasant , gamesome , toyish , wanton , delightfull , choicest , joyous , mirthfull , active , time-beguiling . Springs . Bubling , murmuring , purling , silver , christall , cleare , sacred , fruitfull , flowing , rolling , rising , Nimphs , pratling , tatling , sparkling , whispring , chiding , weeping , pearly , gliding , delicious , dancing , grasse-fringed , streaming , mossy , margind , gushing , soft , rustling , trickling , dropping , distilling , running . Stallion . Lustfull , rampant , ingendring , breeding , covering . Starre . Lofty , bright , sparkling , floating , swimming , spangling , heaven-embrodering , enamelling , lucky , unlucky , auspitious , malignant , smiling , frowning , radiant , silver-tressed , burning , gliding , shining , wandring , twinkling , blazing , glorious , succesfull , ill-bideing . Stranger . Unacquainted , unfriended , disregarded , wandring , unknown , travelling , journying , housless . Spring-time . Pregnant , fragrant , youthfull , flowry , verdant , smiling , wealthy , ●eeming , embrodred , enameld , geniall , pearly , showry , ●oviall , earth-awaking , amorous , refreshing , reviving , lusty , gladsome , gaudy , leavy , painted , beauteous , lovely , infant , inamouring , bridall , dawning , lively , blith , buxome , joyous , mirthfull , joccund , blooming , budding , quickning . Skin . Alablaster , Ivory , white , delicious , soft , sleek , smooth , azure , veined , beauteous , lovely . Smile . Chearfull , sweet , pleasing , lovely , delightfull , peacefull , bewitching , inchanting , charming , soul-ravishing , intrancing , dimpled , simpering , gladsome , alluring , intrancing , shining , deceitfull , becoming , gracefull , traiterous . Tragedy . Buskind , sockt , sad , bloody , woefull , dolefull , ruthfull , lofty , stately , sententious , high , severe , grave , elaborate , heroick , pensive , weeping , swelling , great , mournful , subtle , worded . Treachery . Secret , alluring , inticing , intrapping , deceitfull , concealed , surprizing , dissembled , smooth , glozing , training , inveigling , gilded . Theater . Publick , spatious , thronged , gorgeous , pompeous , applausive , populous , open , crowded , mirthfull , joyous , clamorous , well-filled , crammed . Temptation . Inticing , alluring , secret , solliciting , slye , subtle , crafty , sedncing , treacherous , wooing , pernicious , gilded , smiling , courting . Temper . Milde , willing , loving , ingratiating , quiet , peacefull , pleasing , sweet , winning , stormy , chasing , angry , sullen , surly . Tast. Pleasing , delicious , accurate , judicious , quick , sharp , nice , offensive , curious , exquisite , savory , unpleasant , insipid . Thoughts . Swift-winged , roving , discoursive , nimble , teeming , plodding , projecting , contriving , musing , studious , contemplative , working , devising , ranging , scattred , wandring , running , rolling , tumbling , confused , flitting , vain , silent . Touch. Smooth , yeilding , soft , gentle , harmless , rough . Tongue . Seraphick , Nectarious , sweet , harmonious , heavenly , celestiall , melodious , victorious , perswasive , enamouring , inchanting , intrancing , charming , bewitching , soul-ravishing , conquering , captivating , sa●yricall , rolling , bitter , invective , lashing , filed , gilded , oily , venemous , glozing , collogueing , lying , deceitfull , enviuos , treacherous , unbridled , insnaring inti●ing , delicious , detracting , malicious , calumning , reproachful , babling , delicate , lavish , smooth , flattering , soothing , froward , clamorous , scolding , brawling , stammering , lascivious , luxurious , wanton , pleasant , ●atling , noisefull , full-mouthed , shrill , allaruming , juditious , eloquent , rhetorical , mellifluous , fluent . Teeth . Pearly , white-Ivory , even-ranged , smooth-tongue , inclosing , alablaster , s 〈…〉 owy , grinding , tongue-lodging , guarding , sharp-set , burnisht . Teares . Melting , trickling , numerous , transparent , pearly , christall , perswasive , victorious , moving , dissembling , falling , pittyed , wailing , weeping , rolling , solemne , swelling , dreary , dolefull , const●ained , carefull , silver-shedding , relenting , tender , fluent , obsequious , tributary , sable , complaining , instructed , bursting , comeing , pleading , springing , brinish , forced , gushing , penitentiall , pensive , sad , dewy , passionate , scalding , drowning , troubled , obsequious , tributary , dumb , speaking , salt , soft , captivating , commanding . Thighes . Plump , sinewy , smooth , Ivory , Alablaster , marble , stately , majesticall , portly , supporting , moving , delicate , gracefull , well-proportioned , twin-born , fleshy , mus●●ly , solid . Turtle . Pensive , mournful , murmering , whispering , sighing , billing , amorous , silver , wanton , chast , meek , gentle , plaining , constant , loving , faithful , fleeting , venerous , sullen , querclous , hoarse , courteous . Tyrant . Insulting , insolent , imperious , stern , lawless , cruel , bloody , wrathful , flint-hearted , rigorous , marble-hearted , remorsless , unrelenting , inexorable , passionate , oppressing , awless , savage , surly odious , haughty , fearless , self-willed , blood-sucking , unlimited , proud , ambitious , aspiring , usurping , Trihumps , Trophies . Magnificent , gorgeous , pompeous , solemn , joyful , majestical , stately , laureat , honour'd , swelling , crowned , proud , peaceful , sceptred , sacred , joyful , mirthful , glorious , feastful , victorious , insulting , lasting , memorable , never-dying , immortal , famous lofty , deathless . Tresses . Crisped , curled , frisled , ruffled , scatterd , disheveld , golden , dispersed , lovely , beautiful , nets , snares , wavering , lascivious , wanton , dangling , twisted , shining , glistering , radiant , amber . Trees . Pregnant , spreading , budding , green , fruitful , flourishing , blooming , branching , leavy , verdant , shady , sturdy , shrubby , sky-kissing , reaching , wavering , towring , lofty , high-topt , knotty , vegetive , deep-rooted , ingrafted , inoculated , planted , bushy , full-grown , curled , gloomy , arched , bending , fragrant , ambitious , flourishing , fading , withering , sappy , shaggy , well-grown . Tune . Enchanting , delicious , ear-ravishing , melodious , pleasing , bewitching , alluring , inticing , charming , sence-bereaving , heart-intrancing , warbling , quavering , harmonious , celestial , according , musical , heavenly , consorting , lightsome merry , mournful , sad , pensive sprightly , melancholy , heavy . Tobacco . Cavaleering , smoaking , spitting , spauling , smoaky , flameing , swaggering , huffing , puffing , generous , whiffing . Teats . Milky , corral , cherry , vermilion , nipled , gushing , nursing , milk-spinning . Tennis Racking , bandying , active , sportive , gamesome , time-spending . Thanks . Hearty , lusting , obleiged , dutious , officious , obsequious , ingaged , unmeasured , unumbred , bounden , serviceable , obedient , humble , immortal . Tiger . Libian , Hercanian , Midian , fierce , cruel , savage , bloody , Affrican , Indian , Armenian , speckled , furious , impetuous , merciless , blood-thirsty , streaked , swift-footed , greedy . Time. Speedy-winged , consuming , all-ripening , injurious , domineering , grey-headed , aged , crazy , wastful , restless , gliding , posting , stealing , flying , creeping , feathred , wheeling , succeeding , incroaching , invading , light-heeled , running , opportune , seasonable , convenient , all-gnawing , rusty , irrevocable , present , future . Twilight . Dapled , grey , gloomy , ambiguous , neutral , doubtful , darksome , dewy , grizy , dusky . Virago . Manly , masculine , heroick , valiant , couragious , sturdy , stout , audacious , bold , adventurous , fearless undaunted . Vesture vide Garment . Sumptuous , magnificent , costly , gentile , stately , rich , glorious , shining , glittering , pompeous , gorgeous , spruce , neat , handsome , decent , fashionable , a-la-mode , curious , becoming , gaudy , gay , trim . Verdure . Pleasant , youthfull , smiling , flowry , joyfull , springing , blooming , leavy . Violet . Azure , creeping , soft , pale , nodding , purple-streakt , beautifull , odorous , glowing , sweet-smelling . Verse . Lofty , exalted , immortall , high , , smooth , swelling , harmonious , well-labour'd , well-drest , deathless , powerfull , intrancing , inchanting , nectar-dropping , charming , fancy , tickling , sacred , measured , sprightly , sententious , sinewy , buskin'd , nerved , facetious , eare-inamouring , muse-inspired , prophetick , embalming , numerous , well-composed , fluent , learned , amorous , wanton , lascivious , delicious , sweet , flowing , ravishing . Vertue . Fair , bright , untainted , cold , chast , active , maiden-sacred , immortall , deathless , spotless , generous , glorious , divine , heroick , conspicuous , unregarded disrespected . Vow . Pious , religious , solemn , sacred , ceremonious , binding , chast , obleiging , strict , severe , irrecoverable , fervent , rash , inconsiderable , unadvised . Urne . Peacefull , sacred , forgetfull , quiet , mournfull , sable , darksome , silent , shrowding , shady , cooled . Voice . Celestiall , heavenly , harmonious , sweet , delicious , inchanting , intrancing , bewitching , charming , pleasant , delicious , soul-conquering , heart-captivating , sence-bereaving , Syren , eare-taking , sprightfull , mournfull , puling , whining , alluring , inticing , victorious , triumphant . Veines . Azure , violet , purple , swelling , flowing , winding , warm , fluent , dancing , trembling , seething , boyling , branched , meandring , interlacing . Vales , Vallies . Fruitfull , flowry , sportful , verdant , green , plusht , inameld , chequer'd , diapred , motly , fragrant , pleasant , sweet , delightfull , smiling , embrodred , tur●ed , dasied , grassy , herby , green-cloathed , gamesome , soft-coated , spangled , persumed , ecchoing , green-breasted , streame , embrodred , gloomy , dark , humble , narrow , groveling , crowtching , low , dejected , solitary , shaded , gloomy , over-looked , bushy , tufted , leveld , green-mantled , flower-spangled , hollow , stooping , crooked , resounding , winding , melancholy . Virgin. Bashfull sober , untained , spotless , chast , modest , civil , blushing , pure . Vaile . Virgin , maiden , shadowing , dangling , beauty , concealing , masking , spreading , clowdy , faintly . Vulgar vide Multitude . Rude , unconceiving , lawless , misjudging , illiterate , shallow-pated , tumultuous , rebellious , saucy , confused , ignorant , surly , giddy , haire-brained , distracted , inconstant . Unicorne . Long-horned , Virgin , loving , Indian , savage , Lyon , hating , pretious , rich , horned , furious . Wife . Carefull , loving , happy , solicitous , indulgent , chearing , embracing , loyall , sweet , dear , delicious , scolding , brawling , unquiet , disloyall , unhappy , jealous , litig●ous , contentious . Widdow . Pensive , melancholy , sad , desolate , comfortless , lovely , distressed , mournfull , afflicted , oppressed , bouncing , lusty , joviall , frollick . Whore. Incestuous , leprous , obscene , lustfull , lascivious , wanton , rammish , brotheld , uncivill , strumpeting , bawdy , dallying , rampant , infamous , Leprous , fallacious , dissolute , rotten , impudent , shame less , mercenary , immodest , notorious , filthy , painted , unblushing , impudent , cankerd , itchy , Goatish , loathsome , musty , nasty , pocky . Women . Inconstant , crafty , deceitfull , wanton , beauteous , soft , tender , passionate , weak , frail , pittifull , delicate , melting , pratling , inconsiderate , rash , smooth-faced , revengfull , whining , puling , scolding , brawling , unquiet , unchast , lascivious , melting , weeping , impudent , jealous . Whisper . Secret , close , hollow , silent , soft , guilty , fearful , magical , drowsie , pleasing . Welcome . Chearful , smiling , bounteous , hearty , loving , kind , free , liberal , gracious , courteous . Will. Unforced , uncontrouled , free , active . Wanton , wantonness . Sportive , toying , dallying , lascivious , rude , unruly , ungovern'd , unattained , tempted , unbridled , luxurious , full-fed , revelling , fearless , insatiate . Wish . Longing , greedy , desirous , ambitious , passionate , ardent , hearty , insatiate , sollicitous . Wrest . Ivory , sinewy , snowy , azure , streaked , veined . Wonder . Attractive , amazing , intrancing , stupendious , prodigious , silent . Womb. Teeming , pregnant , fruitful , swelling , painful , barren . Wine . Generous , spruce , neat , brisk , rich , odorous , sparkling , fragrant , sprightly , lusty , care-drowning , heart-chearing , delicious , green , prickt , hearing , inspiring , blood of the canubian , caudian , lesbian , chain , joyous , grape , inlivening , smiling , genious-exalting , nectareous , pleasant , forgetful , reason-depriving , furious , raging . Wit. Sagacious , contriving , peirceing , pregnant , active , quick , plotting , stirring , rich , happy , nimble , humerous , mature , inventing , pregnant . Youth . Vigorous , blooming , fresh , loose , wild , unbrideled , giddy , amorous , green , raw , unexperienced , untutor'd , active , smiling , wanton , downy , beardlesse , untrained , untemperate , dissolute , proud , ambitious , voluptuous , unreclaimed , indiscreet , riotous , tender , soft , lascivious impatient , smooth , jovial , inconsiderate , witty , inconstant . FINIS . A GARDEN of TULIPS OR , The Pleasant Prospect . An Alphabetical Collection , beautified with flourishing Similitudes and Comparisons , for the better imitation , admirably applied to their several Subjects . ANger is blood powred , and perplexed into a froth . Reason to rage is like bands to a sore , which often stroking makes the anguish more . Anger is like a deadly weapon , we hear his voice before it doth execution , and then we arm . So looks the chased Lion on the daring Hunts-man that hath galled him , then makes him nothing . As a Savage Bore ( that hunted long assail'd and set upon ) with his only eyes swimming in fire , keeps off his baying hounds , though sunk himself , yet holds his Anger up , and shows it forth in foam , makes firm his stand of battalious bristles , feeds his hate to die , and whets his tusks with wrathful majesty ; So fares a furious Anger . Anger is like a full hot horse , who being allowed his way , his self mettal tires him . Ambition's gilded spheres are like to painted hells , which please the eyes , even while they show the heart where horror lies . Ambitions thoughts , like woods , whilst they maintain the flame of high desires , grow ashes by the same . Ambition , like water floods , not channel-bound , neighboring banks , doth over-run , and groweth nothing when its rage is down . So have I beheld an exhalation , that would be a star fall , when the Sun forsook it , in a sink . Ambitious men like furious cannons , are often burst with over-charging . Ambition like an ignis fatuus , misleads our ●ond mortality , hurries us about , then sets us down just where we first begun . Allegiance tempted too far , is like the trial of a good sword on an anvil , as that often flies in pieces without service to the owner ; so trust inforced too far , proves treachery , and is too late repented . Affections injured , like tempest threatned , trees not firmly rooted , ne're spring to timely growth . Our love like sparkles are , they brightest shine when they go out . The pleasures of Adulterers , are like to the sea , groundless and wide . Look how a wolf doth like a dog appear , so like a friend is an Adulterer . We see that trees bears no such pleasant fruit there where they first grew , as when they are new set , perfumes , the more they are chafed , the more they render their pleasant scents ; & so Affliction expresseth vertue , whether true , or else adulterate . It is not the Apparel , the brisk pert Linnet in his rus●et feathers , flies as warm as the bird of Paradise with all his painted and his gilded train . A Broker is a City Pestilence , a moth that eats up gowns , doublets , and hose . What are our Bodies ? A little curded milk , fantastical puff-past , like paper prisons they use for to keep flies in . A Boasting Swaggerer is like a walking spur , he gingles much , but never pricks . A Swaggerer that fights , as the geese did that saved the Capitol , only with prating . Beauties are like to books , those that do study them do know them best : and to say truth , it is still much as it pleases the Common Reader . Beauty concealed , is like a Jewel in the dark . A Bawd is like a Broker , she takes fees on both sides . A Bawd is both Ware and Merchant , Flesh and Butcher . Chamber-maids are to show Mistresses , like porches , unto doors , you pass the one before you can have entrance to the other ; or like mustard to a piece of ●rawn , if you will have one taste well , you must not scorn to be dipping in the other . Chamber-maids are like lotteries , one may chuse twenty before they shall find one good one . To say a Waiting-woman is handsome , and yet chaste , is to affirm all pages gelt ; or that the Knight keeps to his Lady in the high bed , and never truckles . A good Consceince is a well built castle , no battery nor invasion can take it . A Princes Court is like a common fountain , whence should flow pure silver drops in general ; but if it chance some curse example poison it near the head , death and diseases are spread through all the Land. Courtiers are fickle things to deal with , a kinde of Marchpane men that will not last . Courtiers in Citizens houses are summer fires , that may be well spared , and being quite out are best ; they do the house no good , but help to consume and burn the wood up , and overheat the rooms . Credit is like the chastity of a maid , which if once broke , is ever after lost . Credit not kept up is like a Pallace , which for want of repair falls to ruine . Credulity is securities blind nurse , the dream of fools , the drunkards ape , that feeling for his way , even when he thinks in his deluded sense to catch at safety , falls without defence . Great Elephants and Lions murther least ; the ignoblest beast is the cruelest . To be a Cuckold is as natural as to be a married man , as to eat , sleep , or wear a night-cap . It is all one to trust ones arm in the throat of a Lion , ones purse with a Curtizen , ones neck to the chance of the dice , ones religion to a Synagogue of Jews , as ones wife with a friend . So tall a Cuckold , that he ducks at the penthouses , like an Ancient that dares not flourish for fear of the sign-posts . As hearty Sea-men in desperate storms stem with a little rudder the tumbling ruines of the Ocean ; so with their cause and swords good men meet Dangers . Our Desires are like our fates , our own stars , all our fortunes , which as we sway them , so abuse or bless us . Who riseth from a feast with that keen appetite that he set down ; such are Desires obtained . Where is that horse that doth untread again his tedicus measures with the unbated fire , that he did pace them first ; so our Desires fix on their objects with far more spirit then they do enjoy them . How like a yonker , or a prodigal , the scared barque puts from her naaive bay , nugged and embraced by the strumpet winde , how like a prodigal doth she return with our withered ribs and ragged sails , lean , ren , and beggered by her blustring voyage ; with such satisfaction our night Desires do the next morning leave us . Despair is a plummet in the heart , that weighs and pulls us living to the dust we came from . Disdain is like to water powr'd in fire , Quenches the flame a while , to raise it higher . Dissimulation is a canker , which for the most part , seizeth the choicest fruit with its infection , still ordained for to disease the natures of best complexions . Goodness is but an out side , we all set In rings of gold , stones that are counterfet . A Dissembler is like a goodly apple , rotten at the core . Womens tongues for their garulity are like to clocks , if they go too fast , they never go true Envy doth feed on entrails like a Kite , in which foul heap , if any ills lie hid , she strikes her beak into it , shakes it up , & hurls it so abroad that all may view it ; corruption is her nutriment , but touch her with any precious ointments , and you kill her . Envy is like a flie that passeth all the bodies soundest parts , and dwells upon his sores , and if her squint-eye have power to finde out none , she then forgeth some ; she makes that crooked , ever which before was streight , calls valour giddiness , and justice tyranny . Extreams in our delights have violent ends , and in their triumphs die , like fire and powder , which as they kiss consume ; the sweetest honey is loathsome in its own deliciousness , and in the taste confounds the appetite . As the east and west upon the globe a Mathematical point only divides : thus happiness , and misery , and all extreams , are still contiguous . They are as sick that surfet with too much , as they that starve with nothing : So , it is a happiness to be seated in the Mean , superfluity comes soon by white hairs ; but competency lives longer . A false Dissembler is like the serpent that parted with its subtilty , and closed it in the fruit . 'T is with our souls as with our eyes , that after a long darkness , over dazled with the approach of sudden light ; when in the midst of fears we are surprized with unexpected happiness ; the first degrees of joy are meer astonishments . Fidelity in secrets , though it be honest , bears its punishment with it ; such a person is like to one , that in cold nights will needs have all the fire , and there is held by others , and embraced only to burn himself by their direction . Flattery is the bellows that blows up sin ; we seldom see a flattering Knave turn Courtier , but many Courtiers have turn'd flattering Knaves . Fools are like obedient children brought up under a hard mother in law , and a cruel ; who being not used to breakfasts and collations , when they have course bread offered them are thankful , and take it for a favour too . A man of Fortitude doth imitate the weather , that sings in tempests , and being clear is silent . Fear dwells with earth-quakes , shipracks at sea , or prodigies in heaven ; a valiant man , he cannot see so many fathom beneath the height of his own heart , as fear is . Valiant hearts Kings may dissolve , but not defeat ; a man that is void of fear when he doth fall , he lies great in his ruines ( like the sacred carkasses of scattered temples ) he still reverend lies , and the religious honour him no less , then if he stood in all his majesty . Without misfortune vertue hath no glory , valor is of no use , opposed trees make tempests , shew their powers , as waves forced back by rocks , make Neptunes towers . It is not breath can fright a noble truth , nor is there Magick in the person of a king that plays the tyrant ; if that therebe a good sword can easily uncharm it , as the calm air stills tempests . Fortune hath hours of loss , and hours of gain ; the brave man feels them both , who like the angry bull , never goes back for breath , but when he means to arm his fury double . Fortune is a slut , and being a whore her self , would have no Lady marry , and live honest Glory is like Alcides shirt , if it stay on us , till pride hath mixed it with our blood ; nor can we part with it at our pleasure , when we would unease , it brings along with it both flesh and sinnews , and leaves us living monsters . Gamesters have hearts more spacious then Kings : did they divide the Empire of the world , they would make one throw for all . To define a Gallant of the times right , a Mercer formed him , a Tailor makes him , and a Player gives him spirit . The shrub securely grows , the tallest Cedar stands most in danger of the winde . Thus we distinguish the noble from the base , the noble finde their lives and deaths still troublesome : but Humility doth sleep while the storm grows hoarse with scolding . The rates of Honor are arched so high , that Giants may let through , and keep their impious Turbands on , without good morrow to the sun . Why do we scorn inferiour men , since to be lower then the worms , is to be higher then the greatest Monarchs . Humility is yong Ambitions ladder , whereon the climber upwards turns his face , but when he once attains the upmost round , he then unto the ladder turns his back , looks in the clouds , scorning the base degrees by which he did ascend . When once the Spring , main Hope , is fallen into disorder no wonder if the lesser wheels ( Desire and Joy ) stand still : our thoughts , like Bees when they have lost their King , wander confusedly , and settle no where . The Powers , like to best Tutors , do inflict hard tasks upon great natures and of noblest Hopes , read triviall Lessons . Hope is in opposition with Despair , and like the zealous advocate in the cause of his afflicted client , labors still to overthrow the quirks and fallacies Despair is nimble in , whilst Fear with trembling expects trials issue . Honor in noble persons , as the pure oar refined , exceeds in value treble proportions of the courser dross . Men in themselves intirely Honest , may march safe with naked feet on coals of fire ; so flames do reach at heaven ere they expire . An Honest soul is like a ship at sea , that sleeps at anchor when the ocean's calm , but when she rages , and the wind blows high , he cuts his way with skill and majesty . As the light serves not only to shew , but renders us mutually profitable ; so our lives spent in acts examplary and Honest win our selves good names , and do to others give matter for vertuous deeds by which they live . How subtilly Hell doth flatter Vice , mounts it aloft , and makes it seem to fly ; so the fowl the Tortois mockt , who to the sky the ambitious shell-fish raised : the end of all is , only that he may from thence dead fall . As men in scorn of a true flame that is near , run to light their tapers at a glo-worm ; so pleasures are valued above heaven . Hatred , like clocks wound up to watch the sun , hasting a head-long , course on many wheels , hath never done , until all be undone . Hatred hatcht at home is a tame tyger , may fawn and sport , but never leave its nature . Our Hair grows in our grave , and that alone Looks fresh , when all our other beauty 's gone . There is no Joy on earth , never so rational , so pure , so holy , but is like a Jeaster , Parasite or Whore , in the most worthy parts with which they please , a drunkenness of soul & a disease . What unsubstantial bubbles are the beast of humane Joys ? Things that we daily see the affections cloy , Hope long desired , doth bring the greatest Joy. Without Injuries the world would languish , and have enough to do ; discord in part , makes harmony in the whole , and some must laugh whilst others do condole . Wrongs , like great whirlewinds , shake the highest battlements ; few for Heaven would care , should they be ever happy ; they are half Gods , who both in good dayes and good fortunes share . Ingratitude , is like a dog that flies at his master , which it is just with us to strangle , neither his kind nor use considered . Shame of Infamy doth extinguish lust as oyl doth fire . Where shame and Infamy are too much inforced on a delinquent , they breed too often an audacious defence of sin , but no sincere repentance ; so the rain slides to the root , and nourishes , where great storms make a noise , wet but the skin of the earth , and run away in a swift channel . Our Industry , is as our soul ; which is not put into the body to be idle ; it hath too many rare and curious pieces of Mathematical motions to stand still . Incontinency is a vice sooner condemn'd then banisht , easily spoke against ; but yet will fawn as smoothly on our flesh , as Circe on the Grecian travellers , when she detained them in the shapes of beasts . Lust and Incontinency , like the plummets hanging on clock lines , will never have done , till all our faculties are undone and ruined . Oh with what vertue should lust be withstood , Since 't is fire seldom quencht without blood . Lustful Incontinency is like an overswoln river that breaks all bounds ; it is a devil bred in blood , nurst in desire , that like the Salamander lives in fire . Lust is a gilded pill , which sinful nature doth prescribe , desire strokes the sense with pleasure ; but at last , the shining out-side leaves a bitter taste . Of such an Inconstancy , as boyes gay bubbles , blown in the air and broken . The winde is more sixt then her Inconstancy , the beaten Marriner with his shrill whistle calms the loud murmurs of the troubled main , and sooner strikes it smooth again , then her soul to have peace in love with any . Our constitutions vary , herbs and trees admit their frosts and summer ; and why then should our desires that are so nimble , and more subtil then the spirits of our blood , be such staid things within us , and not share their mutual Inconstancy . He wears his Faith like the fashion of his hat , it changes with the next block . Jealousie 's fits present a man ( like so many bubbles in a bason of water ) twenty several crabbed faces , many times makes his own shadow his cuckold maker . The Devil gives this Jealousie to man as nature doth a tail unto a lion ; which thinks in heat to beat away the flies , when he doth only more inrage himself . A Jealous fellow is like a cowardly Captain in a Garison Town , fears every assault , trembles at every battery , and doubts most lest the gates should be opened , and his enemy let him in at midnight . Those wounds heal ill that men do give themselves omision to do that is necessary , seals a commission to a blank of dangers ; and danger like an Ague subtily taints , even then when we sit idly in the sun . Kings lives are fortunes misery , like dainty sparks , which when men dead do know , to kindle for himself each man doth blow . The lives of Kings should like to Dials move , whose regular example is so strong , they make the times by them go right or wrong . Princes , like lions , never will be tamed ; a private man may yield and not care how , but greater hearts will break before they 'l bow . If a Kings Government be easie , the many headed monster , Multitudes , like Aesops foolish Frogs , they trample on him as a sensless block ; and if he prove a Stork , they croak and rail against him as a Tyrant . Knighthood is like Marriage now-adayes , which though it honourable be with all men , yet it is beggarly with a great many . Law is as the worlds great Light , a second Sun to this terrestrial Globe , by which all things have life and being ; and without the which , destruction and disorder soon would seize the general state of men . Learning and Languages cannot set a nap upon a thred-bare gown . Art is like common Fidlers , draws down others meat with liquorish Tunes , whilst they the scraps do eat . Liberty and Publique good , are like great Ollio's , must have the upper end still of our Tables , though they are but for show . Life is the frost of cold , Felicity and Death the thaw of all our vanity . Life is but a walking shadow , a poor Player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage , and then is heard no more Life is a tale told by an Ideot , full of sound and fury , signifying nothing . Like to an Ass whose b ack with ingots bows , we bear our heavy riches but journey , and death unloads us . Life is but a dark and stormy night of sensless dreams , terrors , and broken sleep ; a tyranny , devising pains to plague and make men long in dying . Love is a rasor cleansing if well used , But fetcheth blood if that it be abused . Love , like to sin , inveterate is , and strong , He prevents danger that destroys it yong . Love can no more be dissembled , then to bear hot burning coals in our bare palms or bosoms ; and less concealed and hidden , then a flash of inflamed powder , whose whole light doth lay it open to all discovery even of those who have but half an eye , and less of nose . Loves service is much like our honored Lord , where Mignions carry more then servitors ; the bold and careless servants still obtains , the modest and respective nothing gains . Lovers are like Astronomers , that when the vulgar eye discovers , but a skie above , studied with some few stars finde out besides strange fishes , birds and beasts . Lovers in favour are like Gamesters in good fortune , the more you set them , still the more they win . Love is but a card play , all is lost , Unless you cog , he that pricks best , wins most . At the games of Love we set all , but the best is , we cannot stake ; and there is no loss of credit in the breaking . Love is like to wax , the more it is rubbed , it sticks the faster to : or like a bird in bird-lime , or a pit-fall , the more one labors , still he is the deeper in . Love is an idle fantasie , bred by desire , nursed by delight , an humor that begins his dominion in Leo , the Lion , the sign of the Heart ; and ends in Aries , the ●am , the sign of the Head ; his power is to stir the blood , prick up the flesh , and fill the body with libidinous heat . A yong mans Love it is like Ivy , it must have something to cleave to , or it prospers not . Love is like fasting dayes , but the body is like flesh dayes ; and it is our English Gallants fashion , to prefer a morsel of flesh , before all the fasting days in the year . This Love is a troublesome thing , Jupiter bless us out of his fingers ; there is no estate can rest for him , he runs through all Countries , will travel through the Isle of Man in a minute , but never is quiet till he comes into Middlesex , and there keeps his Christmas ; it is his habitation , his mansion , from which he will never out , until he be fired . A Platonick Love is no other , then to have men brought in Litters disguise , to cuckold us in vertue . Luxurious Riots are the shames of men , that have the seeds of vertue in them , springing to glory , that drownd their spirits in lees of sloth , and yield the glories of the day to wine , to lust , and banquets ; that dress themselves up like to Pageants , with thousand antick and exotick shapes , that make and Idol of a Looking-glass , sprucing themselves two hours by it , with such gestures and postures , that a waiting wench would be ashamed of ; and then come forth to adore their Mistresses fan , or tell their dream , ravish a kiss from her white glove , and then compare it with her hand , to praise her gown , her tire , and discourse of the fashion ; discovery make , which Lady paints , which not , which Lord playes best at Gleek , which at Racket ; these are fine Elements . A Lie is like a Lap-wing , which still flies , Far from her sought nest , still here 't is , she cries . Lies hide our sins like nets , like perspectives , they that draw offences nearer , make them greater . Truth though it trouble some mindes , that are both dark and dangerous , yet it preserves it self , and comes off pure , innocent ; and like the sun , though never so eclisped , it breaks in glory . Man is a tree , that hath no top in cares , nor root in comforts . It is the deepest art to study man , the world 's divided into knaves and fools . Men are like pollitick states , or troubled seas , tossed up and down with several storms and tempests , change and variety , wrack and for tunes , till labouring in the Haven of our homes , we study for the calme that crowns our ends . Man is a ship that sails with adverse winds , and hath no Haven till he land at death , then when he thinks his hands fast grasp the bank , comes a rude billow betwixt him and safety , and beats him back into the deep again To Marry is to be long-lived , variety is like rare sawces , provoke too far , and draws on surfets more then the other . The marriage rites are like to those that do deny a purgatory , they locally contain a heaven or hell , there is no third place . The joys of Marriage are a heaven on earth , lifes paradise , there is no rest orative like to a constant woman ; ( but where is she ) it would puzzle all the Gods to create such a new monster . Misfortune vexes us like to Quotidians , they intermit a little , and return e're we have lost the memory of our first fit . If a Man be thrust into a well , no matter whose hand is to it , his own weight brings him to the bottom , Fortune makes this conclusion , All things shall help the unhappy man still to fall lower . Mischiefs are like to darts shot at repelling walls , in their return they light on them that did direct them . To think of crimes when they are done and past , and to be punisht doth but mischif breed , we are then like beasts , when they are fat they bleed . Mischief is like Cockatrices eyes , sees first and kills ; or is seen first and dies . Mischief overflows our thoughts , and like a sea devours the dew , the rain the snow , the springs , and all the sweetness of the loveliest things . Money is a chick of the white hen , old fortune he that hath it , whatsoever he treads upon shall be a rose . Murther is open eyed , and as the sea , whose covetuous waves imprisoned by the land , bellow for grief , and roar upon the sands ; so from the earth it cries , and like a childe wrong'd by its careless nurse , will not be stilled . Natures crescent doth not grow alone in shews and bulks , but as her temple waxes , the inward service of the minde and soul withal grows wider . What a fine book is heaven , which we may read best at night , then every star is a fair letter . How much they wrong thee ( Night ) which call thee guilty of rapes and murthers ; it is the day , that like a glorious whore engages men to act them ; and taking thee , the darkness to obscure them , unjustly lay the shame upon thy brows , thou art so innocent thou never sawest them . Old men lustful , do shew like yong men angry , eager , violent , out-bid alike their limited performances . Old men are discreet sinners , and offend with silence ; but yong men when the feat is done ; do crow like pregnant cocks , boast to the world their strength of their most vicious follies . He that hath got the Elixir of Opinions , has got all , he is the man that turns his brass to gold . Opinion's but a fool , that makes us scan The outward habit by the inward man. He that weighs mens thoughts , hath his hands full of nothing ; a man in the course of this world should be like a Chyrurgeons instrument , work in others wounds , and feel nothing himself ; the sharper and subtler , the better . All are not Bawds , I see now , that keep doors , Nor all good Wenches that are markt for Whores . Where Order is once shaked ( which is the ladder to all high designs ) the enterprize is sick . With what a compelled face a woman sits , whilst she is Drawing , I have noted divers , either to feign smiles , or suck in their lips , to have a little mouth , dimple their cheeks , and so disorder their face with affectation ; at next sitting it hath not been the same . I have known others have lost the entire fashion of their face in half an hours sitting ; in hot weather , the painting of their faces was so mellow , that they have left the poor man harder work by half to mend the Copy they wrought by . Indeed , if ever I would have mine drawn to the life , I would have the Painter steal it at such time , when I am devoutly kneeling at my prayers , there is then a heavenly beauty in it , the soul moves in the superficies . Paintings and Epitaphs are both alike , they flatter us , and say , we have been such . When Princes heads sleeps on their Councels knees , a State 's deep rooted must grow up high , when Providence , Zeale , Uprightness , and Integrity husband it . He that suffers Prosperity to swell him above a mean , like those impressions in the Air that rise from Dunghill Vapors , scattered by the wind , leaves nothing but an empty name behinde . Prosperity is the Bawd of Love , whose fresh complexion , and whose heart together , affliction alters . It fares with some in their Prosperity , as with others I have known of rare parts , who from their successe of fighting of Duels , have been raised up to such a pride , and so transformed from what they were , that all that loved them truly wisht they had faln in them . Like dust before a winde those men do flie , That prostrate on the ground of Fortune lie ; And being great ( like trees that broadest sprout ) Their own top-heavy state grubs up their root . Gentlemen , as soon as they come to their lands , get up to London , and like squibs that run upon lines , they keep a spitting of fire , and crackling till they have spent all , and when the fire is out , what sayes the Punk , Foh , how the Prodigal stinks . How blinde is Pride , what eagles are we still in matters that belong to other men , what beetles in our own . Swelling spirits hid with humble looks , Are Kingdoms poisons hung on golden hooks . Vallies that let in rivers to confound The hills above them , though themselves do drown'd . Of an excessive Pride , his marble Portals richly gilded ore , his Assyrian Carpets , Chairs of Ivory , his Garments perfumed , his Jewels valued not for use , but needless Ornaments , a sumptuous Stable , a stupendious House , with all the baits of sense , that catch a vulgar eye . Poverty is like the rack , it draws a man to danger , to the Gallows , rather then endure it . Oh happiness of Poverty , that rest securely on a bed of living turf ; while we with making cares , and restless thoughts , lie tumbling on our do●n , courting the blessing of a short minutes slumber which the Plough-man shakes from him , as a ransomed slave his fetters . Poverty puts a multiplying glass upon our faults , and makes them swell , and fill the eye ; our crimes shows highest then , when we our selves are lowest . Pleasure , farewell to thy inticing vanity , thou round gilt box that dost deceive mans eye ; wise men knows when thou art broken open , the treasure thou includest , is dust and smoak , even so I do esteem thee . Books , musick , wine , brave company , good chear , Make Poets to soar high , and sing most clear . Poetry ( though it be of a quite contrary nature ) is as pretty a jewel as plain dealing , but they that use it , forget the Proverb . Verses , though freely born , like slaves are sold ; I crown thy Lines with bayes , thy Love with gold . Players were never more uncertain in their lives , they know not how to play for fearful fools , where to play , for puritan fools , nor what to play for critical fools . When I Achilles hear upon the stage , speak honor and the greatness of his soul , methinks I too could on a Phrygian spear run boldly , and make tales for after times ; but when I come to act it in the deed , death mars my bravery , and the ugly fears of the other world , sits on my frighted brow . Phisiognomy do you call it , there is no more credit to be given to it , then to a sick mans urine , which some call the Physitians Whore , because she couzens him . A witty person may with ease distinguish all men by their Noses , as thus ; your nose Tuscan , is lovely , large , and broad , much like to a goose's beak ; your valiant generous nose , crooked , smooth , and puffing ; your Scollars nose is very fresh and raw for want of fire in winter , that quickly smels his chop of mutton in his dish of pottage ; your Puritan nose is very sharp and long , ( much like your widows ) and with ease can find an edifying Capon five streets off . I have skill in Faces , yet the world is so deceitful , that I can hardly distinguish a Baud from a Midwife ; or an hypocritical Puritan from a devout Christian. Physitians are for the most part , like beasts for sacrifice , there is nothing left in them but tongue and belly . A Physitian is too often a lingring executioner to death , the greatest disease to nature ; one that strives by art to make us long a dying ; he practises on our bodies , as men pull roses , not for their own relish , but to kill the flower : so they maintain their lives by others deaths . Your Physitian is like your hawk , the greater the fowl is that he kills , the greater is his reward . He that takes Phisick trusts to one that hath art , and leave to kill . Your Physitians are as good as false doors behind hangings , to Ladies necessary uses . Since the great master of Philosophy ( Aristotle ) died , that fool'd the drunken Macedon out of a thousand Talents to buy books ; what have the multitude of his learned successors done ? only write comments on his Works , scribling to no but to make paper dear . Oh brave Phylosophers , I will name you three of them : First the merry fop of Thrace , ( Democritus ) that always laughed , pretending it was at Vanity ; alas , it was his disease , going to steal Mushrooms for his supper , the blew mouth'd serpent skulked under a dock leaf , and bit him by the thumb , from whence he took that lauguishing malady . And his Antagonist Heraclitus , that would ever seem to weep out of a pious cause , he was a fine dissembling fellow ; no sorrow made him weep , there is a Manuscript now kept in the Vatican , that shews he had nine years a Fistula in his eye . As for Diogenes that fasted much , and took his habitation in a Tub , to make the world believe he loved a strict and severe life , he took the diet , Sir , and in that very Tub sweat for the French disease ; and some unlearned Apothecary since , mistaking its name , called it Cornelius Tub. There was never yet Philosopher that could endure the tooth-ach patiently ; however they have writ the stile of Gods , and made a pish at chance and sufferance . The Vulgar sort of People in Rebellion , are like unknown Lands , those that first possess them have them . What can be expected from the Herd but contraries ; he that trusts them , where he should finde them Lions , findes them Hares ; where Foxes , Geese . The Vulgar have , for the most part , sick mens apperites , they desire that most , which doth them most hurt . He that Repents e're he commits a fault , doth like a thrifty sinner store his soul with mercy , to absolve that sin himself , which he hereafter is so like to fall into . The Drunkard after his lavish cups , is dry , and then is sober : so at length when we are awak't from our lascivious dreams , repentance then will follow like the sting placed in the Adders tail . Divinity which calls our anger sin , and courage pride , hath sent this silly Cherub on earth , Patience . ( The Cowards sword ) which only doth disarm Dull sleeps , that neither can nor will do harm . Patience it is the greatest enemy to law that can be , for it doth embrace all wrongs , and so chains up Lawyers and Womens tongues ; it is the perpetual Prisoners liberty , his Walks and Orchards ; it is the bond-slave's freedom , that makes him seem proud of his iron chains ; it is the Beggars musick , who thus sings , Although their bodies beg , their souls are Kings . He is more Patient then a Brown Baker when he heats his Oven , and hath forty Scolds about him . The fears and joys , hopes and desire mixed with despairs and doubts do make the sport in love ; they are the very dog with which we hunt the hare , but as the dogs woud stop and streight give over were it not for the little thing before ; so would our Passions , both alike must be flesht in the chase . The grief that melts in tears , by it self is spent , Passion resisted grows more violent . Faults are in flesh as mo●es are in the sun , where light doth shew each little thing amiss ; Presumption and Despair live opposite , as times false glasses , wherein frailties see their faults too great , or else too little . A Rape is like to unripe fruits , they have proportion , colour , but no taste . Rebellion walks with claws bowed in , and a close mouth , which only she keeps for opportunity of prey . Tumults are not laid with half the easiness that they are raised ; all may begin a War , but few can end it . Revenge will never slack till it hath spent its fuel , Intemperate Agues make Physicians cruel . Pluto , the God of Riches , when he is sent ( by Jupiter ) to any man , goes limping ; to signifie , that wealth that comes in Gods name , comes slowly : but when it is sent on the Devils errand , it rides post , comes in by scuttles full . Lovers Swearing and Forswearings , are like Mariners Prayers uttered in extremity ; but when the tempest is over , and the Vessel leaves tumbling , they fall from protesting to drinking : and yet amongst yong Gentlemen , protesting and drinking do go together , and agree as well as Shoe-makers and Westphalia Bacon , they are both drawers on ; for drink draws on protestations , and protestations and oaths draw on more drink . Success is a rare paint , it hides all ugliness . Success , like Lethe , to the souls in bliss , makes them forget things past , and crowns our sins with the name of valor : be we never so impious , a scelus foelix stiles us vertuous . They are like to Thrive , whom fate in spite of storms doth keep alive . Never yet was any Nation read of , so besotted in reason , as to adore the setting Sun ; many adored him rising . The Soul is a tree whence several branches spread ; loving affections , suffering sorrows : these affections and sorrows , as they are branches , sometimes are lopt off , or of themselves do wither , in whose rooms , others spring forth . Like to a Lark in a cage , such is the Soul in the body ; this world is like her little turf of grass , and heaven o're our heads , like her looking-glass , which only gives us a miserable knowledge of the small compass of our prison . How slow paced is Sorrow ; grief is a Tortois to the nimble senses , and chills their motions . Some cloud of rain ( since my own eyes refuse to drown me ) melt and overwhelm this miserable Island . There is no Rhetorick can express my woe , Small rivers murmur , deep streams silent flow . Soldiers that feed the victories of the conquerors , as witches do their serviceable spirit , with their prodigal blood , what do they get but ( like the wealth of Captains ) a poor handful , which in their palm they bear as men hold water , seeking to gripe it fast , the frail reward steals through their fingers . Sleep lies in smoking cribs , upon uneasie pallats stretching her , where husht with silent night , she courts her slumbers , rather then in the perfumed chambers of the great , under the canopies of costly state . Sleep that sealest up the sea boyes eyes , and rockest his brains in the cradle of the rude imperious surges , and in the visitation of the winds ; who takest the russian billows by the tops , curling their monstrous heads , and hanging them with deafning clamors in the slippery clouds , that with the hurly death it self awakes : Canst thou , Oh partial Sleep , give thy repose to the wet sea boy in an hour so rude , and in the calmest and the silentest night ( with all appliances and means to boot ) deny it to a King. Uneasie lies the head that wears a Crown . Oh fie upon this Single life ! we read how Daphne , for her peevish flight , was turned into a Bay-tree ; Syrinx into a pale empty Reed , Anaxarete was frozen into Marble ; where as those which married , or proved kind unto their friends , were by a gracious influence transformed into the Olive , Pomegranate , Mulberry-trees , became Flowers , precious Stones , and eminent Stars . Sin , like a pregnant mother , From the success of one beget another . Fowl deeds will rise , Though all the world o're-whelm them to mens eyes . There is no gamester like a politique Sinner , for who ever games , the box is sure to win . I want no worth ( if I have not too much self-love ) still to merit honour ; 't is honor that wants worth to merit me . Fortune thou arbitress of humane things . Thy credit is at stake , if I but rise , The worlds opinion will conceive thou hast eyes . The man that trusts a woman with a Secret , and hopes for silence , may as well expect it at the fall of a bridge ; a Secret with them is like a Viper , it will make way , though it eat through their bowels ; and when they have insinuated themselves into our counsels , and gained power over our lives , the fire is more merciful , which burns till it goes forth . Thunder speaks not till it hits , be not Secure ; none sooner are opprest then those whom confidence betrayes . Security is the suburbs of Hell. We must with Temperance smooth our passions , if we intend to attain our wished ends , through things called good and bad ; like the Air , that evenly interposed betwixt the Seas and the opposed Element of Fire , at either toucheth , but partakes of neither ; is neither hot nor cold , but with a sleight and harmless temper mixt of both the extreams . Philosophy , Religions Solitude , and Labor , wait on Temperance ; in these , Desire is bounded , they instruct the minde and bodies actions . The greatest fault that some can finde with Theft , is , that it cozens the Scriveners ; for it borrows money without giving any Obligation . Your greatest Theives are never hanged , for why , they are wise , and cheat within doors . The Sun is a Theif , that with his great attraction robs the vast sea : the Moon is an arrant Theif for her pale fire she snatches from the Sun , the Sea is a Theif , whose liquid surge dissolves the Moon into salt tears : the Earth is a Theif , that ●eeds and breeds by a composture stoln from the general excrement . Every thing is a Theif , only the Laws are curbs and whips ; by their rough power all punishments are determined . It is a dull thing to Travel like a mill horse , still in the place we are born in , round and blinded ; living at home is like it : pure strong spirits that covet like the fire , still to fly upwards , and to give fire as well as take it ; cased up at home like lusty mettled horses only tied up in stables to please their masters , beat out their fiery lives in their own litters . There are many half Travellers , that went out men , and good men , that when they have returned , lookt like poacht eggs ; their souls suckt out , empty and full of wind ; all their relations bak't like rie crust , to hold carriage from this good town to the other ; & when they are open'd , they are ill cook't & musty . Truth is not made of glass , that with a small touch it should fear to break . Truth is like your Coat of Arms , richest when plainest . Whom heaven is pleased to stile Victorious , to such applause runs madding ; like Bacchus drunken Priests , who without reason in their Sacrifices , voiced their Leader on a Demigod ; when as indeed each common souldiers blood drops down as currant coin in that hard purchase , as his , whose much more delicate condition hath sucked the milk of ease ; judgement commands , but resolution executes . He that fights well at the end of the Wars , His head wears Sun Beams , and his feet touch Stars . Vertue is a sollid rock , whereat being aimed , the keenest darts of Envy cannot hurt , Her Marble Hero's stand built on such Bases , That they recoil , and wound their shooters faces . The World is a Labyrinth , where unguided men walk up and down till they are weary . The World is a Foot ball , we run after it with whoop and hollow , he that is next to it is sure to catch a fall . The World 's a City full of straying Streets ; And Death 's the Market place where each one meets . The World is like an Inn-keepers Chamber-pot , it receives all waters , both good and bad , it hath need of much scowring . The World shoots up daily into more cunning , the very spider weaves her cawls with more art to entrap the wanton silly flie ; so that we had need to keep our wits wound up to their strecht height . Where the Whore ends , the Bawd begins ; and the corruption of a Bawd is the generation of a Witch . Pythagoras holds an opinion , that a Witch turns to a wild cat ; as an old Oastler turns to an ambling Nag . As of the Lion and Eagle , it is said , that when they go they draw their sears and tallons close up , to shun rebating of their fierceness ; so our wits sharpness which we should employ in noble knowledge , we should never waste on vile and gar admiration . They talk of Jupiter , and a golden shower ; give me a Mer●ury with wit and tongue , and he shall charm more Ladies on their backs , then the whole bundle of the Gods besides . You have a pretty ambling Wit in summer , do you let it out , or keep it for your own riding ; who holds your stirrup whilst you jump into a jeast , to the endangering of your Quodlibets . Like Jupiter you want a Vulcan ; but to cleave your head , and out peeps bright Minerva . The War is a school , where all the principles tending to Honour are taught , if truly followed ; but for such as do repair thither , as to a place in which they do presume , they may with licence practise their Lust and Riots ; such will never merit the noble Characters of Souldiers . All Wars are bad , yet sometimes they do good , And like to Surgions let sick Kingdoms blood . Whores are sweet meats , which rot the eater , poisoned perfumes , cozening Alchimy , shipwracks in calmest weather , Russian winters , which appear so baren , as if that nature had forgot the spring . Whores are the true material fires of Hell , worse then the tributes paid in the Low Countries ; exactions upon meat , drink , garments , sheep , I , even one mans prediction , his sin . Whores are like those brittle Evidences of Law , that forfeit a mans wretched estate for leaving out a sillable . Whores are like those flattering bells , that ring one tune at Weddings and at Funerals . A Whore is like the guilty counterfeited coin , that whosoever first stamps it , brings in question , and troubles all that do receive it . A Whore is as modest as one can be , that hath lest to blush at twelve : felt motions at eleven , and hath been hardned before three congregation , and done pennance . A Wench that will make a Hermit run to Hell for a touch of her . For a Whore for to turn honest is one of Hercules Labours ; it was more easie for him in one night to make fifty Queans , then to turn one of them honest again in fifty years . A Whore is one of the devils vines , all sins like so many poles , are stuck upright out of hell to be her props , that she may spred upon them ; and when she is ripe , every Knave hath a pull at her ; till she be pressed , the yong beautiful grape sets the teeth of lust on edge ; she will be tasted though she be rank poison . Sives can hold no water , nor Harlots hoard up money ; she hath too many sluces to let it out ; yet she is the Gallipot that drones do fly to for the sweet sucket that they thinks within it . Your Widdows are a politick generation , proved so by Similies , many voyages make an experienced Sea-man ; many offices a crafty Knave ; so many marriages , a subtil cunning Widdow . A Widdow is a garment worn thred-bare ; Selling at second hand like Brokers ware . A good Wife she is a golden sentence , writ by our Maker , which the Angels know how to discourse of ; only men know not how to make use of . A Woman was made of the rib of a man , and that rib was crooked : the Moral of which is , That a man from the beginning must be crooked to his wife , let him be an Orange to her , and she will be as sower as Vinegar to him . Women are the baggage of our lives , they are troublesome and hinder us in our great march ; and yet we cannot be without them . Women are like to burs , where their affections throw them , there they stick . Women carry springs within their eyes , and can out-weep the Crocodile , till too much pity betrays us men to their merciless devourings . A Woman is a Labyrinth , we can measure the height of any Star , point out all the demensions of the Earth , examine the Seas great womb , and sound its subtil depth ; but Art will never be able to finde out the demonstration of a Womans heart . FINIS . A general Table of the Contents of this Book . Courteous Reader , the Epithets and Similitudes being placed at the latter end of this Book , and beginning Folio 1. thou mayest easily find the Word there , having this addition in the Table , The Epithets , or , the Similitudes . A AN Abstract of all the perfections of ones Mistress together Page 22 To make an Acquaintance 37 An Address to a company of Ladies 16 An Address to make known his affection to his mistress 18 Address of salutation 19 An Address of Courtship to his mistress 22 Several Addresses of perfect Courtship 25 Aspect the Epithets 6 Allurements the Epithets 6 Affections the Epithets 6 Affections the Similitudes 50 Air the Epithets 6 Absence the Epithets 6 Accomplishment the Epithets 6 Adieu the Epithets 7 Apparel the Similitudes 50 Apparel the Epithets 6 Anger the Simil 49 Ambition and Ambitious men the Similitudes 49 On her arms 22 The Art of Reason or Logick 252 Demand of assurance 29 Allegiance the Simil. 50 Affliction the Simil. 50 Adulterers the Simil. 50 B. The ballad of S. George 104 Beauty the Epithets 7 Beauty the Simil. 50 On her Beauty 73 Bootless complaint 76 On her Breasts 22 Breasts the Epith. 7 On her Brow 22 A Broom-man in Kent-street to a yong Lady 166 Bastard children why more ingenuous , for the most part , then Legitimate 184 Bald why 191 Bawd what she like 194 , 198 Bawd the Epithets 7 Bawd the Similitudes 51 Broker the Similitudes 50 Body described 183 Body's signs to know the mind by 182 Body the Epith. 7 Body the Simil. 50 Boasting swaggerer Sim. 50 On her Breath 21 Breath stinking why 195 Breath the Epith. 7 C. CHaracters from 182 to 196 Cheeks the Epith. 8 On her Chastity 72 Coyness the Epith. 7 Charms the Epith. 8 Complaints the Epith. 8 The choice of a Gentleman Usher 53 Chin the Epith. 8 Comedy the Epith. 8 Cherries the Epith. 8 Cherry women and Orenge women , their address among the Ladies in Hide Park 3 The Clowns description of his mistress 100 Commendations on the several parts of ones mistresses body 20 , 21 On her Chin and Cheeks 21 A Cockney to his mistress 161 Complements between Ladies and Gentlemen going to Hide Park 12 Complements in the Park 34 between a Gentleman and a Lady before a Ribband-shop 43. Between a Prentice and a yong Lady at a Boarding-School 44. Between a Horse-courser and a Parsons Widdow See. Mock Complements the Epith. 8 Complements defined and discoursed of atlarge in the advertisement to the Reader . An amorous Complement 33 Complements , Vide the advertisement to the Reader . Constancy resolved 78 Curles the Epith. 9 A Countrey Parson to a Farmers Daughter 167 A Countrey Bumpkin to his Mistress 169 To request a Courtesie 39 For Courtesies receiv'd to give thanks Ibid. The Sport called the Crab 3 The Crambo Dictionary 223 Children why liker their Fathers then their Mothers 179 Creatures which live the long , est 186 Creditor defined 194 Cupid contemned 76 Cupid why paint with the words , Spring Time and Winter 181 Cupid why painted bare headed 181 Cupid why represented with Arrows 182 Cupid why pictured flying 183 Cupid why painted a Childe 186 Cupid why Life and Death painted in his Robe 195 Cupid why represented with flowers in one hand and with a fish in the other 198 Courtier Epith. 7 Cruelty Epith. 8 Countenance Epith. 8 Chambermaids Simil. 51 Conscience Simil. 51 Court , Courtiers Simil. 51 Credit Simil. 51 Credulity Simil. 51 Cuckold Simil. 51 D. DEmand of assurance 29 The Departure 27 , 27 A Decription of Love 57 Dialogues between the Gentleman and the Jockey in Hide Park 6 To a friend before Dinner 41 After Dinner ibid. To enter into discourse with a Lady being in Company 17 To Discourse concerning the noise of a Match 23 The discourse of a Gentleman bringing his friend into Company 35 Diseases indintce to a Gentle man Usher 54 The Dressings of a Gentleman Usher . 54 Against drinking of Sack 136 Drolling Complements 43 See Mock Complements Drolling Letters 160 , 161 Duns what compared to 192 Delay the Epithets . 9 Dove the Epithets . 9 Danceing the Epithets 9 Dreams the Epithets . 10 Dying to Love 72 Destiny the Epithets 9 Desires the Epithets 9 Desires the Simil. 52 Dissimulation the Simil. 52 Dissembler the Simil. 52 Dangers the Simil. 51 Delights the Epithets . 9 Disdain the Epithets 10 Disdain the Simil. 52 Brawing a womans face the Simil. 61 Despair the Epithets . 10 Despair the Simil. 52 E. THe Efficient cause 254 Epithets 6 On his mistress Eyes 20 Of Expressions several set forms , from 201 to 208 Eunuchs why shrill voiced 191 Eunuchs the Epithets 10 New England brother defined 192 Eccho why she reports the last words 193 Earths Center where 195 Earth how many miles in compass 196 Eloquence discoursed of , and defined in the davertisement to the Reader Eloquence the Epithets 10 Extasie the Epithets 10 Ears the Epithets 10 Elegy the Epithets . 10 Entertainment the Epithets 10 Eyes the Similitudes 53 Eyes the Epithets 11 Embraces the Epithets 11 Envy the Similitudes 52 Extreams the Similitudes 52 F. ON her Face 20 , 21 Fancy awakened 181 The Fond design 65 In praise of Fools 80 On her Forehead 20 Forms for the concluding of Letters 129 Several Forms of Letters 132 133 , 134 To begin a Friendship 37 Fools the Similitudes 53 Fortitude the Similitudes 53 Faith the Similitudes 55 Full Satisfaction 32 Fencer defined 182 Feeling from whence derived 195 Farewell Epithets 11 Feet the Epithets 11 Fancy the Epithets 11 Forehead the Epithets . 11 Fortune the Epithets 11 Fortune the Simil. 53 Fidelity the Simil. 53 Fountain the Epithets 12 Frenzie the Epithets 12 Flowers the Epithets 12 Face the Epith. 12 Faces the Simil. 63 Fate the Epith. 12 Fingers the Epith. 12 Fruit the Epith. 12 Frowns the Epith. 12 Flattery the Epith. 14 Flattery the Sim. 53 Fields the Epith. 14 Flames the Epith. 14 Flea the Epith. 15 Forrest the Epith. 15 Fear the Epith. 15 Fear the Simil. 53 G. GAmes used among Gallants to pass away the time 13 See Sports A Garden of Tulips 49 Glyphing 3 The Golden Age 69 The old Gill 109 Glory the Epith. 13 Glory the Simil. 54 Gamesters the Simil. 54 Grass the Epith. 13 Grape the Epith. 13 Grove the Epith. 13 Gentleman the Epith. 15 Gentleman the Simil. 68 Garden the Epith. 11 Gesture the Epith. 15 Grief the Epith 15 Gloves the Epith. 16 Gallant the Simil. 54 H. ON her hands 22 Hands the Epith. 13 The Hectors Farewel 89 A Hector to his Mistress 147 Hide Park Mode 163 &c. Horse-races , their Mode in Hide Park . 6 On his Mistresses Hair 20 Hair of the head why of one colour , and the beard of another 184 Hair why it curles 185 Hair curled why sooner gray 188 Hair Epithets 13 Hair Sim. 55 Heart why in the midst of the body 188 Heart Epith 13 Hicup 199 Hermophradites why begotten 188 Hoast defined 191 Honour Epith. 13 Honour Simil 54 Happiness Epith. 14 Harmony Epith. 14 Head Ep. 14 Hatred Sim 55 Hatred Ep. 14 Humility Sim 54 Hope Sim. 54 Honesty Sim. 54 Heaven Sim. 55 Hell Sim. 55 Heard Sim. 56 Harlot Sim. 68 , 69 I. THe Impolitick Beauty 18 A Private Intercourse between the Page , and the Waiting Gentlewoman 42 Invitation of a Friend to Dinner 40 On the death of Jo. W. 92 , 93 The Jolly Ale Drinker 97 The Jovial Companion 102 Jesting and Jovial Questions from 181 to 200 Intermixt Jealousie Ep. 14 Jealousie Sim. 56 Injuries Sim. 55 Ingratitude Ep. 16 Ingratitude Sim. 55 Infancy Sim. 55 Instrument Ep. 16 Jewels Ep. 16 Insolence Ep. 16 Joy Sim. 55 Joy Ep. 17 Innocence Ep. 16 Industry Sim. 55 Importunity Ep. 16 Incontinency Sim. 56 Inconstancy Ep. 16 Inconstancy Sim. 56 Influence Ep. 16 Idleness Sim. 56 Impudence Ep. 16 K. KIssing how used 183 Kisses Ep. 17 Kings Sim. 57 Knight-hood Sim. 57 L ON a fair Lady at a Mask 73 To a Lady in Prison 77 A Lady to her inconstant Servant 136 A Lawyer to his Mistress 163 On her Lips 20 , 21 Several Forms of Letters amorous 132 , 133 Familiar Letters to Friends 143 , 144 &c. Letters in Verse 150 , 151 &c. On her Locks 20 What Logick is 252 On her Looks 21 Loose no time 78 Lungs their flesh why white 195 Law what compared to 193 Against Love 63 Loves Martyr 68 Protestation of Love 69 Lying on the back why we dream 191 Lying on the back why unwholesome 191 Logick Ep. 18 Logick 252 The Definition ibid The parts of Logick 252 , 253 The Efficient Cause 253 The Matter 257 The Form 258 The end 259 The Effects 260 The Subjects 261 The Adjunct 262 The Diverses 264 Desparates 265 Relates 265 Adverses 267 Contradicents 268 Privants 269 Equalls 270 Greaters 273 Lessers 274 Likes 276 Dislikes 279 Conjugates 280 Notations 281 Distribution 282 , 283 , &c. Definition 289 Description 289 Testimony 291 , 292 Judgement 295 Axioma 295 , 296 , &c. Syllogisms 301 , 303 Method 313 Love defined 201 Loves Attendants 182 Love why compared to a Maze 197 Lovers why they so use to blush 181 Lovers why some of them look so pale 186 Lovers breasts why they leap so 190 Lovers Oaths what they are like 196 Lovers why they kiss the eyes 190 Love the Sim. 57 , 58 Lovers Sim. 58 Lovs Ep. 19 Lute Ep. 17 Looking-glass Ep. 17 Lust Ep. 17 Lust Sim. 56 Labyrinth Ep. 18 Language Ep. 18 Lullaby Ep. 18 Lustre Ep. 18 Lilly Ep. 18 Loadstone Ep. 18 Longing Ep. 18 Laughter Ep. 19 Lethargy Ep. 19 Lovers Ep. 19 Looks Ep. 19 Locks Ep. 19 Lips Ep. 20 Lims Ep. 20 Law Sim. 57 Learning Sim. 57 Liberty Sim. 57 Luxury Sim. 58 Lie Sim. 5● Life Sim. 57 M. THe master of the Balls address to the company as they come in 9 The Maidenhead 64 The Melancholy lover 58 Miscelania's 181 To his Mistress , acopy of Verses , 55. To his Mistress falsly accusing him , 59. To his false Mistress , 61. On his Mistress singing , 66. On the perfections of his Mistress , 70 , 71. Who his Mistress is , 80. To his Mistress desiring Enjoyment , 151. To his Mistress recovered of an Ague , 132. To his retired Mistress , ibid. See Letters . The Mode of Hide Park 139 The Mode of Balls 9 , 10 , &c. Mock Complements , 43. Between a Gentleman and a Lady before a Ribband-shop at the Exchange , 43 between a Horse-courser and a Parsons Widdow , 44 between an Apprentice and a yong Lady at a Boarding-school , ibid. between a Gentleman and a Sempstress , 46. between a journyman Haberdasher and a Ladies Chamber-maid , ib. between a Gentleman Usher and a waiting Gentlewoman , 47. between a Lawyers Clerk & his mistress daughter , 48. between a Countrey Bumpkin and his Mistress , 49. between a Coach-man and the Kitchin-maid , 51. between a Gentleman and a Lady meating in severall coaches going to Hide Park 45 Mock letters 160 , 161 Marriage what compared 198 The Mountebanks letter to the Chyrurgeons 165 Musician what like to 196 Members first formed 187 Memory's seat 193 Misfortune Sim. 59 , 60 Marigold Ep. 20 Marble E. 20 Mean Sim. 52 , 53 Magick Ep. 20 Magazen Ep. 20 Metaphors Ep. 20 Melancholy Ep. 20 Melody Ep. 21 Martyr Ep. 21 Marmoset Ep. 21 Mind Ep. 21 Marriage Ep. 21 Marry Sim. 59 Marriage Rites Sim. 59 Mirth Ep. 21 Madness Ep. 21 Mystery Ep. 22 Moon Ep. 22 Modesty Ep. 22 Monkey Ep. 22 Mirtle Ep. 22 Musick Ep. 22 Multitude Ep. 23 Man or men Sim. 59 Mischiefs Sim. 60 Money Sim. 60 Murther Sim. 60 N. NOt to be altered 67 Nature Ep. 24 Nature Sim. 60 Nature produceth monsters 196 On her neck 22 Nymph Ep. 23 Navel Ep. 23 Night Ep. 23 Nuptials Ep. 23 Nightingale Ep. 23 Nose Ep. 24 Noses Sim. 63 O. ORator , See the Advertisement to the Reader . Orator Ep. 24 Odors Ep. 24 Oath Ep. 24 Ornament Ep. 24 Ode Ep. 25 Obliegement Ep. 25 Opinion 25 Opinion Sim. 60 Opportunity Ep. 25 Old men Sim. 60 Order Sim. 61 P. PArting 66 Passages between Ladies and Gentlemen in the Ring in Hide Park 2 , 3 A Passionate love letter 166 A Pedagogue to his Mistress 163 The Picture of the Poets mistress . 51 Phisiognomy Sim 63 Plurality of Love 65 Posies for Rings 170 , 171 The pleasant Prospect 49 Page Ep. 27 Paradox Ep. 27 Protestation of love 69 Pomgranate Ep. 26 Park Ep. 27 Proverbs 174 to 180 Puritan defined 193 Poetry , Poet Ep. 26 Poetry Poet Sim. 62 Pomander Ep. 26 Cross Purposes Ep. 1 Prayers Sim. 62 Players like Philosophers 196 People dim sighted why given to venery 194 Pyrat defined 183 Princes Sim. 57 Paradise Ep. 25 Pace Ep. 25 Palace Ep. 25 Purple Ep. 26 Phantasies Ep. 26 Pitty Ep. 26 Poison Ep. 26 Poverty Sim. 62 Prosperity Sim. 61 Paleness Ep. 27 Pallate Ep. 27 Prejudice Ep. 27 Praise Ep. 27 Pride Ep. 27 Pride Sim. 62 Presumption Ep. 28 Presumption and Despair Sim. 65 Pretence Ep. 28 Proportion Ep. 28 Picture Ep. 28 Painting Sim. 58 , 59 , 61 Pardon Ep. 28 Physician and Physicans Sim. 63 Playes , Sport , Games , and Pastimes Ep. 28 Patience and Patient Sim. 64 Passion Ep. 28 Passions Sim. 64 Passions Sim. 65 Postorals Ep. 29 Plains Ep. 29 Parasite Ep. 29 Prodigality Sim. 61 Parrat Ep. 29 Pyramid Ep. 29 Pomp Ep. 29 Perswasion Ep. 30 Periwig Ep. 30 Perfume Ep. 30 Pen Ep. 30 Pelican Ep. 30 Pearl . Ep. 30 Pleasure Ep. 30 Pleasure Sim. 62 Patron Ep. 31 Perjury Ep. 31 Perfection Ep. 31 Philosophy and Philosophers Sim. 63 , 64 People vulgar Sim. 64 Q. THe Queen of Fairies 74 Questions and Commands 13 , 14 Several Questions , Enigmatical , Natural , Amorous , Moral , Paradoxical , Jovial , from 181 to 214 Quakers why 184 Qualm Ep. 31 Quiver Ep. 31 Quince Ep. 31 Question Ep. 31 Quick-silver Ep. 31 R. ON a Race-Horse 99 To request a Courtesie 39 , 145 Resolution in Love 62 The Return 28 Return of thanks 144 , 149 Riddles . See Enigmaticall Questions from 183 to 196 The Ring in Hide Park , what passages happen in it 2 , 3 Reason what compared to 195 Riches Sim. 65 Rose Ep. 32 Race Ep. 32 Rock Ep , 32 Rape Ep. 32 Rape Sim. 65 Rainbow Ep. 32 Recreation Ep. 32 Repulse Ep. 33 Request Ep. 33 Rapture Ep. 34 Reproofe Ep. 33 Ruby Ep. 33 River Ep. 33 Revenge Ep. 34 Revenge Sim. 65 Rites Ep. 34 Rival Ep. 34 Rigor Ep. 34 Riddle Ep 34 Reverence Ep. 34 Rhetorick Ep. 34 Repose Ep. 34 Rebellion Sim. 65 Riches Sim. 57 Repentance Sim. 64 S FUll Satisfaction 32 A Sea-man to his Mistress 162 To offer Service and begin a Friendship 37 A Letter of Smiles from a Scrivener to his mistress 168 On her Smiles 22 Select Sentences 221 , 222 The Shepherds Song in praise of Pan. 98 A Song made upon the fatal Disaster that befell the Gallants upon May Day last in Hide Park 7 Songs mistake me not 55 From the fair Lavenian shore 70 Celia thy sweet Angels face 74 No roses coucht , &c. 78 read in the roses the sad Story 79 The Song of the Caps 94 Song of the Puding 111 Song on a Weding 113 Song on the Courtier 116 Song on the fryer 119 Song of Tom of Bedlam 120 Song on the Schollar 122 Song the Ep. 40 To Sorrow 77 A Song of a Souldier to his Mistress 160 The Strangers reply to the Company 35 Similitudes and Comparisons . Superscriptions for Letters 125 Superscriptions for drolling Letters 158 Swearing and foreswearing Sim. 65 Superscriptions for Letters 159 Superscriptions for drolling Letters . 158 Sports and Games 13 Questions and Commands 13 Cross Purposes 1. The Lovers Alphabet 2 The Bird in a tree 2 The Sport called the Crab 3 The Sport of Glyphing 3 Substantives and Adjectives 4 Souldiers Sim. 66 Sleep on the right side best 192 Skin Ep. 42 Smiles Ep. 42 Stomach why it disgests 196 Sins Sim. 66 Single life Sim. 66 Sneezing 197 Success Sim. 65 Senses why in the head 197 Star Ep. 41 Stranger Ep. 41 Spring time Ep. 41 Sparrow Ep. 38 Simplicity Ep. 34 Simetry Ep. 35 Suspition Ep. 35 Summer Ep. 35 Srawberry Ep. 35 Strains Ep. 35 Stile Ep. 35 Stoick Ep. 35 Sacrifice Ep. 36 Saint Ep. 36 Silk-worm Ep. 36 Silence Ep. 36 Sighs Ep. 36 Strumpet Ep. 36 Streams Ep. 37 Servant , Service Ep. 37 Servitude Ep. 37 Sense Ep. 37 Secret Ep. 37 Secret Sim. 67 Sea Ep. 37 Spaniel Ep. 38 Squirril Ep. 38 Scold or Shrow Ep. 38 Sicophant , Vide Parasite Ep. 38 Soul Ep. 38 Soul Sim. 65 Skie Ep. 38 Slave Ep. 38 Sleep Ep. 39 Sleep Sim. 66 Smell Ep. 39 Snow Ep. 39 Sorrow Ep. 39 Sorrow Sim. 66 Speech Ep. 39 Spheres Ep. 39 Solemnity Epith. 40 Shade or shadow Epith. 40 Shame Epith. 40 Shepherd or Swain Epith. 40 Snare Epith. 40 Sun Epith. 41 Sport Epith. 41 Spring Epith. 41 Stallion Epith. 41 Secure Simil. 67 T. TAking leave of his friends Wife 41 Taking leave of a Lady with whom you are familiar 2 To give thanks for a Courtesie received 39 Thrift or thrive Sim. 65 Theft or thieves Simil. 67 Travel or travellers Sim. 67 Temperance Sim. 67 On the Tombs at Westminster 82 On her tongue 22 Tongue Epithets . 43 Teeth Epithets . 43 Tresses Epithets . 44 Thighs Epith. 43 The trial 31 The trial of wits 6 Tragedy Epithets 42 Treachery Epithets 42 Theatre Epithets . 42 Temptation Epithets . 42 Temper Epithets . 42 Taste Epith. 42 Thoughts Epithets . 42 Touch Epith. 43 Tyranny in Love 63 Tyrant Epith. 44 Tinker what 191 Tears from whence they proceed 193 Tears Epith. 44 Truth Simil. 68 Truth Epith. 43 Turtle Epith. 43 Triumphs Epith. 44 Trophies Epith. 44 Treet Epith. 44 Tumults Simil 56 Tobacco Epith. 44 Tennis Epith. 44 Thanks Epith. 45 Tygar Ep. 45 Time Ep. 45 Twilight Epith. 45 A A Visit 39 On her Uoice 22 Voice Ep. Voice when changed in men 188 Urban the eight his expression 190 Virago Ep. 45 Vesture Epith. 45 Verdure Ep. 45 Violet Ep. 45 Verse Epith. 45 Vertue Ep. 45 Vertue Sim. 68 Vow Ep. 46 Urn Ep. 46 Veins Ep. 46 Vales , or Valleys Ep. 46 Vulgar Ep. 46 Unicorn Ep. 46 Virgin Ep. 46 Victorious Sim 68 W. THe Watchmans song 101 Wit Ep. Wit Sim 69 Wit and Language from 215 to 222 On her Words 22 The Song of Women 99 Women why smoother then men 183 Women how they look after the bridal night 187 Women why they endure cold more then men 198 Women why more silent in love then men 197 Women Ep. 47 Women Sim. 70 Wife Ep. 46 Widow Ep. 47 Widow Sim 70 Whore-master definition 186 Whores trade why opposite to all others 189 Whores barren why 192 Whores why so many , and so few Bawds 194 Whores Ep. 46 Whores Sim. 69 Womb Ep. 47 Welshman Bragad●cia defined 200 Wars Sim. 69 VVorld Sim. 68 World how long the learned guess it will last 193 Waiting Gentlewoman Simil. 51 VVrongs Sim 55 VVish Ep. 47 VVrist Ep. 47 VVelcome Ep. 46 VVinter Ep. 47 VVindes Ep. 48 VVhisper Ep. 46 VVill Ep. 47 VVine Ep. 48 VVanton or wantonness Ep. 47 Y. Youth Epith. 48 FINIS . Books Printed for Obadiah Blagrave at the Black Bear in St. Pauls Church-Yard . Excellent Tracts in Divinity , Controversie and Sermons . DOctor Gell's Remains ; being sundry pious and learned Notes and Observations on the whole New Testament , Opening and Explaining all the Difficulties therein ; wherein our Saviour Jesus Christ is yesterday , to day , and the same for ever . Illustrated by that Learned and Judicious Man Dr. Robert Gell Rector of Mary Aldermary , London , in Folio . Christian Religions Appeal from the groundless prejudice of the Scepticks to the Bar of common Reason ; Wherein is proved that the Apostles did not delude the World. 2. Nor were themselves deluded . 3. Scripture matters of Faith have the best evidence . 4. The Divinity of Scripture is as demonstrable as the being of a Deity . By John Smith Rector of St. Mary in Colchester , in Folio . Saint Clemont the Blessed Apostle St. Paul's Fellow Labourer in the Gospel , his Epistle to the Corinthians Translated out of the Greek , in 4 o. A Sermon Preached before the King at Windsor Castle . By Richard Meggot , D. D. in 4 o. A Sermon Preached before the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor and Aldermen of the City of London , January the 30th . 1674. By Richard Meggot , D. D. in 4 o. A Sermon Preached to the Artillery Company at St. Mary Le Bow , Sept. 13. 1676. By Richard Meggot , D. D. in 4 o. The Case of Joram ; a Sermon Preached before the House of Peers in the Abby-Church at Westminster , Jan. 30. 1674. By Seth Ward Lord Bishop of Sarum . A Sermon Preached at the Funeral of George Lord General Monk. By Seth Ward Lord Bishop of Sarum , in 4 o. A Sermon Preached at the Funeral of that faithful Servant of Christ Dr. Robert Breton , Pastor of Debtford in the County of Kent , on Matth. 24. 36. By Rich. Parr , D. D. of Camberwell in the County of Surrey , in 4 o. The True Christians Character and Crown ; in a Sermon Preached at the Funeral of Deputy Cade on Rev. 2. 10. By John Lake Rector of St. Botolph Bishopsgate ; with a large Preface of Mr. Cades to it , in 4 o. Mercy in the midst of Judgment , with a Glimpse of , Or a Glance on Londons Glorious Resurrection , on Matth. 4. 5. By Christopher Flower Rector of St. Margarets Lothbury , in 4 o. Naphtali seu Colluctationes Theologicae cum Tribus Ingentibus dubis , viz. de Reditu decem tribuum de Conversione Judaeorum de mensuris Sacris Ezekielis Authore Jacobo Calvert . Rules of Lise , being good wishes to the Clergy and Laity ; for whose use the Asses Complaint was written . By Lewis Griffin , in 4 o. The Jesuits Catechisin according to Ignatius Loyola , for the instructing and strengthning all those that are weak in that Faith : Wherein the Impiety of their Principles , perniciousness of their Doctrines , and iniquity of their Practices are declared , in 4 o. A Sermon Preached before the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen at St. Katharine Cree-Church London , April 14. 1667. being Low-Sunday , upon Malachy 4. 2. By Will. Kings D. D. The Case of Ministring at the Communion Table when there is no Eucharist , Stated and Discussed : upon occasion of a Treatise entituled , Parish Churches turned into Conventicles , &c. together with some preliminary Reflections made upon two Papers in Anwser to that Treatise ; in 4 o. Weighty Reasons for tender and Consciencious Protestants to be in Union and Communion with the Church of England , and not to forsake the publick Assemblies , as the only means to prevent the Growth of Popery ; in several Sermons on 1 Cor. 1. 10. That ye all speak the same things , and that there be no divisions among you , but that ye be perfectly joyned together in the same Mind , and in the same Judgment , on Heb. 10. 25. not forsaking the Assembling of our selves together , as the manner of some is ; in 8 o large . The Psalms of King David paraphrased , and turned into glish Verse , according to the common Meetre , as they are usual●ly Sung in parish Churches , by Miles Smith ; in 8 o large . The Evangelical Communicant in the Eucharistical Sacrament , or a Treatise declaring who is fit to receive the Supper of the Lord , by Philip Goodwin ; in 8 o. A Fountain of Tears , emptying it self into three Rivulets , viz. Of Compunction , Compassion , Devotion ; or Sobs of Nature sanctified by Grace , Languaged in several Soliloquies and prayers upon various Subjects , for the benefit of all that are in Affliction , and particularly for these present times , by John Featley , Chaplain to His Majesty . A Course of Catechising , or the Marrow of all Authors as have Writ or Commenced on the Church Catechism ; in 8 o. A more shorter Explanation of the Church Catechism , fitted for the meanest capacity ; in 8 o price 2 d. by Dr. Combar . The Life and Death of that Reverend Divine Dr. Fuller , Author of the Book called the holy War and State ; in 8 o. Fons Lachrymarum , or a Fountain of Tears ; from whence doth flow Englands complaint , Jeremiah's Lamentations , paraphrased with Divine meditations , by John Quarles ; in 8 o. A good Companion , or a Meditation upon Death , by William Winstandly ; in 12 os . Select Thoughts , or Choice Helps for a Pious Spirit , a Century of Divine Breathings for a Ravished Soul , beholding the excellency of her Lord Jesus : To which is added the Breathings of the Devout Soul , by Jos. Hall Bishop of Norwich ; in 12 o. The Remedies of Discontent , or a Treatise of Contentation ; very fit for these present times ; by Jos. Hall Bishop of Norwich ; in 12 o. Admirable and Learned Treatises in Occulpt Sciences , Philosophy , Astronomy , Physick , Astrology , Navigation and Military Discipline . THe admired piece of Physiognomy and Chyromancy , Mataposcopacy , the Symmetrical proportions and Signal Moles of the Body fully and accurately explained , with their Natural predictive significations both to Men and Women , being delightful and profitable ; with the Subject of Dreams made plain : Whereunto is added the Art of Memory , by Richard Saunders ; in folio : Illustrated with Cuts and Figures The Sphere of Marcus Manelius made an English Poem ; with Learned Annotations , and a long Appendix : reciting the Names of Ancient and Modern Astronomers ; with something memorable of them : Illustrated with Copper-Cuts . By Edward Sherborne Esquire ; in Folio . Observations upon Military and Political Affairs : Written by the most Honourable George Duke of Albemarle ; in Folio : Published by Authority . A General Treatise of Artillery or Great Ordnance : Writ in Italian by Tomaso Morety of Brescia , Ingenier ; first to the Emperor , and now to the most serene Republick of Venice , translated into English , with Notes thereupon ; and some addition out of French for Sea-Gunners , By Sir Jonas Moore Knight : With an Appendix of Artificial Fire-works of War and Delight ; by Sir Abraham Dager Knight , Ingenier : Illustrated with divers Cuts . A Mathematical Compendium , Useful or Practices in Arithmetick , Geometry and Astronomy , Geography and Navigation , Embatteling and Quartering of Armies , Fortifications and Gunnery , Gauging and Dialling ; explaining the Loyerthius with new Judices , Napers , Rhodes or Bones , making of Movements , and the Application of Pendulums : With the projection of the Sphere for an Universal Dial. By Sir Jonas Moore Knight . The Works of that most excellent Philosopher and Astronomer Sir George Wharton Baronet : giving an account of all Fasts and Festivals , Observations in keeping Easter ; Apotelesma , or the Nativity of the World of the Epochae and Erae used by Chronologers : A Discourse of Years , Months , and days of years ; of Eclipses and Effects of the Crises in Diseases : With an excellent discourse of the names Genus Species , efficient and final causes of all Comets ; how Astrology may be restored from Morinus ; in 8 o large , cum multis aliis . The Practical Gauger , being a plain and easie method of Gauging all sorts of Brewing Vessels : whereunto is added a short Synopsis of the Laws of Excise : The third Edition , with Additions : By John Mayne . A Table for purchasers of Estates , either Lands or Houses ; by William Leybourne . Blagrave's Introduction to Astrology , in Three parts ; con taining the use of an Ephemerides , and how to erect a Figure of Heaven to any time proposed ; also the signification of the Houses , Planets , Signs and Aspects ; the explanation of all useful terms of Art : With plain and familiar Instructions for the Resolution of all manner of Questions , and exemplified in every particular thereof by Figures set and judged . The Second treateth of Elections , shewing their Use and Application as they are constituted on the Twelve Celestial Houses , whereby you are enabled to choose such times as are proper and conducible to the perfection of any matter or business whatsoever . The third comprehendeth an absolute remedy for rectifying and judging Nativities ; the signification and portance of Directions : with new and experienced Rules touching Revolutions and Transits , by Jo. Blagrave of Reading Gent. Student in Astrology and Physick ; in 8 o large . Blagrave's Astrological Practice of Physick ; discovering the true way to Cure all kinds of Diseases and Infirmities which are naturally incident to the Body of Man ; in 8 o large . Gadbury's Ephemerides for thirty years , twenty whereof is yet to come and unexpired ; in 4 o. Philosophy delineated , consisting of divers Answers upon several Heads in Philosophy , first drawn up for the satisfaction of some Friends , now exposed to publick View and Examination ; by William Marshall Merch. London ; in 8 o large . The Natural History of Nitre , or a Philosophical Discourse of the Nature , Generation , place and Artificial Extraction of Nitre , with its Virtues and Uses , by William Clerke M. Doctorum Londinensis . The Sea-mans Tutor , explaining Geometry , Cosmography and Trigonometry , with requisite Tables of Longitude and Latitude of Sea-ports , Travers Tables , Tables of Easting and Westing , meridian miles , Declinations , Amplitudes , refractions , use of the Compass , Kalender , measure of the Earth Globe , use of Instruments , Charts , differences of Sailing , estimation of a Ship-way by the Log , and Log-Line Currents . Composed for the use of the Mathematical School in Christs Hospital London , his Majesties Charles II. his Royal Foundation . By Peter Perkins Master of that School . Excellent and approved Treatises in Physick , Chyrurgery and other more familiar experiments in Cookery , and preserving Husbandry and Horsmanship . Mr. NIch. Culpeppers last Legacy , left and bequeathed to his dearest Wife for the publick good , being the choicest and most profitable of those secrets , which while he lived were locked up in his Breast , and resolved never to publish them till after his death , containing sundry admirable experiments in Physick and Chyrurgery . The fifth Edition , with the Addition of a new Tract of the Anatomy of the Reins and Bladder , in 8 o. Large . Mr. Nich. Culpeppers Judgment of Diseases , called Symoteca Vranica ; also a Treatise of Urine . A Work useful for all that study Physick , in 8 o. Large . Mr. Nich. Culpepper's School of Physick , or the experimental Practise of the whole Art , wherein are contained all inward Diseases from the Head to the Foot , with their proper and effectual Cures . Such dyet set down as ought to be observed in sickness and in health , in 8 o. Large . The Compleat Midwifes practise Enlarged , in the most weighty and high concernment of the birth of man , containing a perfect Directory or Rules for Midwives and Nurses ; as also a Guide for Women in their Conception , Bearing and Nursing of Children , from the experience of our English , viz. Sir Theodoret Mayrn , Dr. Chamberlain , Mr. Nich. Culpepper , with the Instructions of the Queen of Frances Midwife to her Daughter in 8 o. Large . Illustrated with several Cuts of Brass . Blagraves suppliment or enlargement to Mr. Nich. Culpeppers English Physitian , containing a description of the form , place and time , Celestial Government , of all such Plants as grow in England , and are omitted in his Book called the English Physitian , Printed in the same Volume , so as it may be bound with the English Physitian , in 8 o. Large . De Succo pancveatico , or a Physical and Anatomical Treatise of the nature and office of the Panecratick Joyce or Sweet-bread in men , shewing its generation in the Body , what Diseases arise by its Visitation ; together with the Causes and of Agues and intermitting Fevers , hitherto so difficult and uncertain , with several other things worthy of Note . Written by that famous Physitian D. Reg de Graff . Illustrated with divers Cuts in Brass ; in 8 o , Large . Great Venus unmaskt , being a full discovery of the French Pox or Venereal Evil. By Gidion Harvey M. D. in 8 o. Large . The Anatomy of Consumptions , the Nature and Causes , Subject , Progress , Change , Signs , Prognostications , Preservations and several methods in Curing Consumptions , Coughs and Spitting of Blood ; together with a Discourse of the Plague . By Gidian Harvey , in 8 o. Large . Eleuchus of Opinions concerning the Small Pox ; by Tobias Whitaker Physitian to his Majesty ; together with problemical questions concerning the Cure of the French Pox ; in 12 o. Praxis Catholica , or the Country-mans universal Remedy , wherein is plainly set down the nature of all Diseases with their Remedies ; in 8 o. The accomplisht Cook or the Art and Mistery of Cookery , wherein the whole Art is revealed in a more easie and perfect method than hath been published in any Language ; expert and ready ways for the dressing of all sorts of Flesh , Fowl and Fish , with variety of Sauces proper for each of them ; and how to rase all manner of Past ; the best directions for all sorts of Kickshaws ; also the terms of Carving and Sewing . An exact account of all dishes for all seasons of the year , with other Admirable Curiosities , approved by the fifty five years experience of Robert May in his attendance on several persons of great Honour ; in 8 o. Large . The Queens Closet opened , incomparable secrets in Physick and Chyrurgery , Preserving , Conserving and Canding ; which was presented unto the Queen by the most experienced persons of their times ; in 12 o. Large . The Gentlemans Jockie and approved Farrier ; instructing in the Nature , Causes , and Cures of all Diseases incident to Horses , with an exact method of Breeding , Buying , Dieting , and other ways of ordering all sorts of Horses ; in 8 o. Large , The Country mans Treasure , shewing the Nature , Cause and Cure of all Diseases incident to Cattel , viz. Oxen , Cows and Calves , Sheep , Hogs and Dogs , with proper means to prevent their common Diseases and Distempers , being very useful receits , as they have been practised by the long experience of forty years ; by James Lambert , in 8 o. Large . St. foyne Improved , a discourse shewing the utilityand benefit which England hath and may receive by the Grass called St. foyne , and answering all objections urged against it ; in 4 o. Books of Ingenuity whether Romances , Satyrical , Poetry , or pleasant for diversion . PHaramond that famed Romance , being the History of France , in twelve Parts ; by the Author of Cleopatra and Cassandra ; Folio . Pathanessa that famed Romance . A short History of the late English Rebellion ; by M. Needham , in 4 o. The Ingenious Satyr against Hypocrites ; in 4 o. Meronides , or Virgil Traversly , being a new Paraphrase upon the fifth and sixth Book of Virgil Aeneas in Burlesque verse ; by the Author of the Satyr against Hypocrites . Gerama , a new Discovery of a little sort of People called Pygmies , with a lively description of their stature , habit , manners , buildings , Knowledge and Government ; by Joshua Barns of Emmanuel Colledge in Cambridge , in 8 o. The Woman is as good as the Man , or the equality of both Sexes : Written originally in French , and translated into English. Cleaveland's Genuine Poems , Orations , Epistles , purged from many false and spurious ones which had usurped his name . To which is added many never before printed or published , according to the Author 's own Copies ; with a Narrative of his Life , in 8 o large . Newly Reprinted the exquisite Letters of Mr. Robert Loveday , the late admired Translater of the three first Volumes of Cleopatra , published by his Brother Mr. Anthony Loveday , in 8 o large . Wallographea , or the Britain described , being a Relation of a pleasant Journey into Wales ; wherein are set down several remarkable passages that occurred in the way thither ; and also many choice observables , and notable commemorations concering the state and condition , the nature and humour , Actions , Manners and Customs of that Country and People , in 8 o. Troja Rediviva , or the Glories of London surveyed , in an Heroick Poem , in 4 o. Wit and Drollery , Jovial poems , corrected and amended with new Additions ; in 8 o large . Adaga Scholica , or a Collection of Scotch Proverbs and Proverbial phrases , in 12 o. very useful and delightful . The Batchelors Banquet , or fifteen degrees of Marriage , in 4 o. PLAYS . The Queen of Aragon in Fee The Coffee-house . Any thing for a quiet life . Cure for a Cuckold . Thrasean Wonder . Tom. Tyler and his Wife . Loves Mistriss . Gammer Gurtons Needle . Spanish Gypsie . Unfortunate Usurper . The Rump . Obstinate Lady . City Night-Cap . Poor Scholar . Noble Ingratitude . Lascivious Queen . Birth of Merlin . Excellent Tracts in Humanity , History , State-Affairs , and Description of Countries . THe Institution , Laws and Ceremonies of the most Noble Order of the Garter ; adorned with many Sculptures in Copper ; by that Noble and Ingenious Gentleman Elias Ashmole , Esq in Folio . The History of King John , Henry the Third , and the most Illustrious King Edward the First ; wherein the Ancients Laws for the soveraign Dominion for the King of England over all persons and Causes , is Asserted and Vindicated ; Collected out of the Ancient Records of the Tower of London , in Folio . Mare clausum , or the Right and Dominion , or Ownership of the British Sea , laid down in two Books , by John Selden , Esq a very Learned piece , in Folio . The Perfect Statesman , or Minister of State ; wherein are briefly set forth the true Nature of the Subject , the endowment inherent to the person , the method of his Election , Institution and Reception ; the object of his Office distinguished under such principles as are immediately requisite to the Establishment of a Commonweal , by Leonard Willin , Esq in Folio . A Treatise of Taxes and Contributions , shewing the Nature and Measures of Crown Lands , Assessments , Customs , Poll-monies , Lotteries , Benevolence , Penalty , Monopolies , Offices , Tythes , Raising of Coines , Hearth-money , Excise ; and with several intersperst Discourses and Digressions concerning Wars , the Church , Universities , Rents and Purchases , Usury and Exchange , Banks and Lumbards , Registers for Conveyances , Buyers , Insurances , Exportation of Money and Wool , Free Ports , Coynes , Housing , Liberty of Conscience : by Sir William Pette Knight , in 4 o. Englands Interest and Improvement , consisting in the increase of the Store and Trade of this Kingdom ; by B. Fortrey . Proposals or increase of Wealth by a new Method , in subscribing according to the several particulars there mentioned , in 4 o. England described through the several Counties and Shires thereof , briefly handled ; some things also premised to set forth the Glory of this Nation , by Edward Leigh , Esq Englands Worthies , Select Lives of the most eminent persons from Constantine down to this present year 1684 , by William Winstandly Gent. in 8 o large . The Glories and Triumphs of his Majesty King Charles the Second , being a Collection of all Letters , Speeches , and all other choice passages of State since his Majesties return from Breda , till after his Coronation , in 8 o large . The Portugal History , describing the said Country , with the Customs and Uses among them , in 8 o large . A New Survey of the Turkish Government compleated , with divers Cuts , being an exact and absolute discovery of what is worthy of knowledge , or any way satisfactory to Curiosity in that mighty Nation , in 8 o large . The Antiquity of China , or an Historical Essay , endeavouring a probability , that the Language of the Empire of China , is the primitive Language spoken through the whole world before the Confusion of Babel ; wherein the Customs and Manners of Chineans are presented , and Ancient and Modern Authors consulted with . Illustrated with a large Map of the Country , in 8 o large . An Impartial Description of Surynham upon the Continent of Guiana in America ; with a History of several strange Beasts , Birds , Fishes , Serpents , Insects and Customs of that Colony , in 4 o. Ethecae Christianae , or the School of Wisdom . It was dedicated to the Duke of Monmouth in his younger years , in 12 o. The Life and Actions of the late renowned Prelate and Souldier Christopher Bernard Van Gale Bishop of Munster , in 8 o. Very useful Books of Law. THe Conveyancers Light , or the Compleat Clerk and Scriveners Guide , being an exact draught of all Precedents and Assurances now in use , likewise the Forms of all Bills , Answers and Pleadings in Chancery , as they were penned by divers Learned Judges , Eminent Lawyers , and great Conveyancers , both Ancient and Modern , in 4 o large . The Priviledges and Practices of Parliaments in England , Collected out of the Common Law of this Land , in 4 o. A Letter from Oxford concerning the approaching Parliament then called , 1681 , in vindication of the King , the Church , and Universities , in 4 o. The Antiquity , Legality , Right , Use , and ancient usage of Fines paid in Chancery , upon the suing out or obtaining some sorts of Original Writs retornable into the Court of Common-Pleas at Westminster , in 4 o. Brevia Parliamentaria Rediviva , in 13 Sections ; containing several Catalogues of the numbers and dates of all Bundles of Original Writs of Summons and Elections that are now in the Tower of London , in 4 o. Excellent Tracts for the use of Scholars and Schools . TThe new World of Words , or a general English Dictionary , containing the proper signification and Etymologies of Words , derived from other Languages , viz. Hebrew , Arabick , Syriack , Greek , Latin , Italian , French , Spanish , British , Dutch , Saxon , useful for the advancement of our English Tongue ; together with the definition of all those terms that conduce to the understanding of the Arts and Sciences , viz. Theology , Philosophy , Logick , Rhetorick , Grammar , Ethic , Law , Magick , Chyrurgery , Anatomy , Chymistry , Botanicks , Arithmetick , Geometry , Astronomy , Astrology , Physiognomy , Chyromancy , Navigation , Fortification , Dyaling ; cum multis aliis , in fol. Cocker's new Copy-Book , or Englands Pen-man , being all the curious Hands engraved on 28 Brass plates , in folio . Sir Robert Stapleton's Translation of Juvenals Satyr , with Annotations thereon , in folio . The Rudiments of the Latine Tongue , by a method of Vocabulary and Grammar ; the former comprising the Primitives , whether Noun or Verb , ranked in their several Cases ; the latter teaching the forms of Declension and Conjugation , with all possible plainness : To which is added the Hermonicon , viz. A Table of those Latin words , which their sound and signification being meerly resembled by , the English are the sooner learned thereby , for the use of Merchant Taylors School , in 8 o large . Indiculis Universalis , or the whole Universe in Epitomie , wherein the names of almost all the works of Nature , of all Arts and Sciences , and their most necessary terms are in English , Latin and French , methodically digested , in 8 o large . Farnaby's Notes on Juvinal and Persius in 12 o. Clavis Grammatica , or the ready way to the Latin Tongue , containing most plain demonstrations for the regular Translating of English into Latin , with instructions how to construe and parse Authors , fitted for such as would attain to the Latin Tongue , by I. B. Schoolmaster . The English Orator , or Rhetorical Descents by way of declamation upon some notable Themes , both Historical and Philosophical , in 8 o. The Sphere of , Marcus Manilius made an English Poem with Annotations , and an Astronomical Appendix ; giving an account of the Lives of the Ancient and Modern Astronomers , in fol. M. Tulli Ciceronis Epistolarum Selectarum Libri tres , in 8 o. Abcedarium Scholasticum , or the Grammar Scholars Flower Garden : Wherein are these following Flowers , viz. Proverbs Proverbial ; Sayings also on several Subjects . Both pleasant and not Less profitable to all the weaker ( yea and the Abler Schollars too ) as being very useful also in several Respects for their more easie attainment of the Latine Tongue ; by Thomas Hunt Schoolmaster of St. Saviours Southwark . Mapps . A New and exact Mapp of the whole world , with the late newest discoveries of all the parts in Persia , with a Description thereof in French and English. A new Mapp of Oxford . A New Mapp of the Royal Exchange . A large Mapp of the City of London , and its ruins , faithfully surveyed , wherein is declared its Original , Antiquities , Monuments , Customs , Rights , according to the Ancient Charter granted to the said City by former Kings of England . An Advertisement of a most Excellent Water for the Preservation of the Eyes . THere is sold by the said Obadiah Blagrave , a Water of such an excellent Nature and Operation for preservation of the Eyes , that the Eye being but washed therewith once or twice a day , it not only takes away all hot Rhumes and Inflamations , but also preserveth the Eye after a most wonderful manner ; a Secret which was used by a most Learned Bishop : By the help of which Water he could read without the use of spectacles at 90 years of Age. A Bottle of which will cost but 1 s. FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A54745-e880 Life●s sweet . Plain dealing 's a Jewel . He does not run atilt . He had two eyes , if he could have kept them . 
A28464	----	Glossographia, or, A dictionary interpreting all such hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue with etymologies, definitions and historical observations on the same : also the terms of divinity, law, physick, mathematicks and other arts and sciences explicated / by T.B. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. 1661 Approx. 1996 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 349 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2007-01 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A28464 Wing B3335 ESTC R25635 09050056 ocm 09050056 42316 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A28464) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 42316) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1276:8) Glossographia, or, A dictionary interpreting all such hard words of whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue with etymologies, definitions and historical observations on the same : also the terms of divinity, law, physick, mathematicks and other arts and sciences explicated / by T.B. Blount, Thomas, 1618-1679. The second edition, more correct : [689] p. Printed by Tho. Newcombe for George Sawbridge, London : 1661. "Very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read." Errata: p. [689] Reproduction of original in the Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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English language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Dictionaries. 2005-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-03 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2006-05 Derek Lee Sampled and proofread 2006-05 Derek Lee Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion GLOSSOGRAPHIA : OR A DICTIONARY , Interpreting all such Hard Words OF Whatsoever Language , now used in our refined English Tongue ; With Etymologies , Definitions , and Historical Observations on the same . Also the Terms of Divinity , Law , Physick , Mathematicks , and other Arts and Sciences explicated . Very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read . The Second EDITION , more correct ; wherein above Five hundred choice Words are added . By T.B. of the Inner-Temple , Barrister . Erasm . Apoph . Vt homines , it a libros in dies seipsos meliores fieri oportet . LONDON : Printed by Tho. Newcomb for George Sawbridge at the Bible on Ludgate hill . 1661. TO THE READER . AFter I had bestowed the waste hours of some years in reading our best English Histories and Authors ; I found , though I had gained a reasonable knowledge in the Latin and French Tongues , as I thought , and had a smattering both of Greek and other Languages , yet I was often gravell'd in English Books ; that is , I encountred such words , as I either not at all , or not throughly understood , more then what the preceding sence did insinuate : For Example : In the Turkish History I met with Ianizaries , Mufties , Timariots , Basha's , Seraglio's , Shashes , Turbants , &c. In the French History , the Salique Law , Appennages , Vidams , Daulphin , &c. In the Spanish , the Escurial , Infanta , Sanbenito , &c. In the Roman Histories I often found mention of Consuls , Tribunes , Dictators , Pretors , Cohorts , Legions , Theaters , Obelisks ; The Capitol , Vatican , Pasquin , &c. And in many other Books , mention of several Religious Orders ; as Carmelites , Carthusians , Cistersians , Theatins , Bonhomes , &c. So likewise both of antient and modern Sects ; as Arrians , Eutychians , Iacobites , &c. Anabaptists , Arminians , Erastians , Thraskites , Socinians , Quakers , &c. In Books of Divinity , I found Sanhedrim , Vrim and Thummim , Shibboleth ; Hypostatical , Circuminsession , Introversion , Extroversion , &c. In every Mercurius , Coranto , Gazet , or Diurnal , I met with Camizado's , Pallizado's , Lantspezado's , Brigades , Squadrons , Curasiers , Bonmine , Halts , Iuncta's , Paroles &c. In the mouths of common people , I heard of Piazza , Balcone , &c. in London : And in the Country , of Hocktide , Minnyng days , Lurdanes , Quintins , &c. Nay , to that pass we are now arrived , that in London many of the Tradesmen have new Dialects ; The Cook asks you what Dishes you will have in your Bill of Fare ; whether Olla's , Bisques , Hachies , Omelets , Bouillon's , Grilliades , Ioncades , Fricasses ; with a Hautgoust , Ragoust , &c. The Vintner will furnish you with Montefiascone , Alicant , Vernaccia , Ribolla , Tent , &c. Others with Sherbet , Agro di Cedro , Coffa , Chocolate , &c. The Taylor is ready to mode you into a Rochet , Mandillion , Gippon , Iustacor , Capouch , Hoqueton , or a Cloke of Drap-de-Berry , &c. The Shoo-maker will make you Boots , Whole-Chase , Demi-Chase , or Bottines , &c. The Barber will modifie your Beard into A la Manchim , a la Gascoinade , or a la Candale . The Haberdasher is ready to furnish with a Vigone , Codebec , or Castor , &c. The Semstress with a Crabbat , Toylet , &c. By this new world of Words , I found we were slipt into that condition which Seneca complains of in his time ; When mens minds once begin to enure themselves to dislike , whatever is usual is disdained : They affect novelty in speech , they recal ore-worn and uncouth words , they forge new phrases , and that which is newest is best liked ; there is presumptuous , and far fetching of words : And some there are that think it a grace , if their speech hover , and thereby hold the hearer in suspence , &c. I believ'd my self not singular in this ignorance ; and that few , without the help of a Dictionary , would be able to understand our ordinary English Books . I found nothing considerable in this kinde extant , though now many make it their study to be learned in our own Language ; and I remember Aristotles , Verba valent in usu sicut & nummi . For these Reasons , and to indulge my own fancy , I began to compile this Work ; which has taken me up the vacancy of above Twenty years . Besides the Words of the nature before specified , you have here such and so many of the most useful Law Terms as I thought necessary for every Gentleman of Estate to understand , not intending any thing elaborate for the studied Professors of that noble Science , there being some excellent Pieces of that nature already extant ; yet I have glean'd divers Law-terms which escaped both Cowel and the Terms of Law. The several parts of mans body , as the Pia and Dura Mater , the Messentery , Muscles , several sorts of Veins and Arteries , &c. with their proper Appellations ; As also the names and qualities of at least ordinary Diseases , I thought fit for the knowledg of many , who neither profess the study of Physick , Anatomy , nor Chyrurgery . I held it no less necessary for every Gentleman to be so far seen in Heraldry , as to know ( at least ) the most usual Terms ; as when a Lyon or other Beast is said to be Dormant , Passant , Couchant , Saliant , Rampant , Seisant , Regardant , &c. and what is meant by a Fesse , Canton , Bend , &c. that he may by consequence be able to blazon his own Coat . Here are likewise explicated all Latin words , that are used without alteration in English , as Encomium , Peccavi , Verbatim , Verago , Bona side , De bene esse , &c. And , with these , the terms of many Sciences unfolded ; as , of Logick , Astrology , Geometry , Musick , Architecture , Navigation , &c. with those of our most ingenious Arts and Exercises , as Printing , Painting , Jewelling ; Riding , Hunting , Hawking , &c. Yet I will not say I have met with all that might require explication , for that were an imployment for Archymedes , Pulveris Erythraei subducere numerum : But I have inserted such as are of most use , and best worth knowledge ; that is , Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula . To some words I have added Etymologies , to others , Historical Observations , as they occur'd , and this but ex obliquo . I have avoided Poetical Stories , as much as I could , since they are not necessary to be understood by the generality ; and as for Schollars and Poets , there is a copious Latin Dictionary of them , and somewhat of late done in English by Mr. Ross ; Yet sometimes I am forced to touch a little upon that string ; as to tell the story of Pandora , to make her Boc understood , and that of Tantalus , to render the word Tantalize intelligible . I have likewise in a great measure , shun'd the old Saxon Words ; as finding them growing every day more obsolete then other . Besides there is an excellent Dictionary thereof shortly expected from the learned Mr. Sumner . Yet even such of those , as I found still in use , are not here omitted . In this Design , I met with two Objections ; The First , that my labor would finde no end ; since our English Tongue daily changes habit , every fantastical Traveller , and home-bred Sciolist being at liberty , as , to antiquate and decry the old , so to coyn and innovate new Words : Which Horace thus observed , Ut Sylvae foliis pronos mutantur in annos : Prima cadunt ; ita verborum vetus interit aetas , Et juvenum ritu florent modo nata vigentque . Debemur morti nos , nostraque — De Arte Poet. Signifying hereby that words in Common Tongues , like leaves , must of necessity have their buddings , their blossomings , their ripenings and their fallings : Which old Chaucer also thus remarks . I know that in form of speech is change VVithin a hundred years and words tho That hidden price , now wonder nice and strange Think we them ▪ and yet they speak them so , And sped as well in love , as men now do . This we grant , and confess it impossible to keep Words of unlearned Tongues from falling and change in tract of time ; which has even happened among the Latin Writers themselves , when theirs was a spoken Tongue as ours now is ; who though they first made their own words , and gave them their allowance , yet divers of Cecilius , Statius , Ennius , and Plautus were by posterior Latinists rejected ; and now again many of them , by the last Writers of all ( though before , as it were , by Proclamation put down for baseness ) are , upon a new Touch , warranted for good , and pass abroad as Sterling ; thus we see our Latin Dictionaries seldom or never Reprinted , without some Additions , Corrections , or Denotations of obsolete Words : So when any considerable Supplement of new English Words have legally passed the Mint and Test of our Vertuos , the same liberty may be allowed this Work ; not derigating at all from the use of it in the interim . The second Objection was , That the use of such words was not commendable , according to that of Caesar , Tanquam scopulum vitari debes verbum infrequens ; and he that should use them would be subject to the censure of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , one that prefers the novelty or affected elegance of the phrase to the nerves and importance of the sence ▪ which is confuted by our best modern Authors , who have both infinitely enriched and enobled our Language , by admitting and naturalizing thousands of forein Words , providently brought home from the Greek , Roman and French Oratories ; which though , in the untravel'd ears of our Fathers , would have sounded harsh , yet a few late years have rendred them familiar even to vulgar capacities . Witness the learned Works of the L. Bacon , Mr. Montagu , Sir Kenelm Digby , Sir H. Wotton , Mr. White , Mr. Selden , Mr. Sands , Dr. Brown , Dr. Charlton , Dr. Heylyn , &c. wherein such words are used more or less : To many of which I have added the Authors names , that I might not be thought to be the Innovator of them . Nor is it my purpose to become an Advocate for the use of such Words ; let every ones Genius and the quality of the Subject they treat of be their own Dictator ; but certainly , at least to understand them can be no unnecessary burden to the Intellect ; since Knowledge is Animi pabulum . And 't is Galens Axiom , Whoever is ignorant of words , shal never judge well of things . Lib. 1. de Method . c. 5. My Lord Coke ( that Oracle of our Law ) has left us these words . In School Divinity , and among the Glossographers and Interpreters of the Civil and Canon Laws , in Logick and other Liberal Sciences , you shall meet with a whole Army of Words ; which cannot defend themselves in Bello Grammaticali , yet are more significant , compendious , and effectual to declare the true sence of the matter , then if they were expressed in pure Latin. And Mr. Denham , in his quaint Preface to the Destruction of Troy ; As Speech is the Apparel of our Thoughts , so are there certain Garbes and Modes of speaking , which vary with the times ; the fashion of our Clothes not being more subject to alteration , then that of our Speech : And this I think Tacitus means , by that which he calls Sermonem temporis istius auribus accommodatum ; The delight of change being as due to the curiosity of the Ear , as of the Eye . Having thus solved these two main Objections , I may , with an humble confidence , hope this Book will prove as useful to our Nation , as that Congenerous Essay , Des Merveilles de Nature , done by René , is to the French ; which has been Printed almost twenty several times within little more then so many years . To compile and compleat a Work of this nature and importance , would necessarily require an Encyclopedie of knowledge , and the concurrence of many learned Heads ; yet that I may a little secure the Reader from a just apprehension of my disability for so great an Undertaking , I profess to have done little with my own Pencil ; but have extracted the quintessence of Scapula , Minsheu , Cotgrave , Spelmans Glossarium , Florio , Thomasius , Dasipodius , Rider , Hexams Dutch , and Dr Davies Welsh Dictionaries , Cowels Interpreter , &c. and other able Authors , for so much as tended to my purpose ; and hope I have taken nothing upon trust , which is not authentick ; yet should not I thus adventure to make it publick , but that it also had the perusal and approbation of some very Learned , and my Noble Friends . It is chiefly intended for the more-knowing Women , and less-learned Men ; or indeed for all such of the illiterate , who can but finde , in an Alphabet , the word they understand not ; yet I think I may modestly say , the best of Schollars may in some part or other be obliged by it . For he that is a good Hebrician , Grecian , and Latinist , perhaps may be to seek in the Italian , French or Spanish ; or if he be skil'd in all those , he may here find some Words , Terms of Art , or Notions , that have no dependence upon any of those Languages . Such as neither understand Greek nor Latin , may , with a little pains , and the help of this Book , know the meaning of the greatest part of such words as we now use in English , and are derived from either of those Languages , which are many , and to facilitate this , they may do well to learn the numbers in those Languages , as En , dyo , treis , &c. unus , duo , tres , &c. and such words and particles as are most used in Composition ; as Monos , Hemi , Pseudos , Tetra , &c. Circum , Subter , Praeter , Ultra , &c. and then in simple words to understand but the nature and difference between a Verb , Verbal , Noun , Participle , &c. that when they know one of them , they may also comprehend all the Derivatives from the same Fountain ; as to illaqueate , illaqueator , illaqueation , illaqueated-illaqueable , &c. And by once throughly learning these , all other words of this nature , which are not a few , would seem easie . So likewise for compound Words , knowing Pseudos to signifie false , they would understand Pseudo Prophet to be a False Prophet ; circum , about , or round about ; circumstation , a standing round about , &c. with the like . And this easiness of understanding all the words that come from one root , when one of them is known , made me forbear to insert the whole number of such words ; presuming if the Reader know one or two of them , he will not be ignorant of the rest ; and I have selected the most difficult . Sometimes the same word is used both Substantively and Adjectively ; as , Datary , Expedient , Laudative , Missive , &c. And sometime both Substantively and Verbally ; as Attique , Reprive , &c. which being unrestrained in the use , were almost impossible to observe in all Words : besides , if it be interpreted in the one acception , it will easily be understood in the other . So likewise there is a liberty in most Adjectives , whether you will say Optique ( after the French ) Optick , Opticous , or Optical ; which I thought unnecessary always to remark . If I say a word is Greek , French , Italian , &c. I speak not always in rigor ; for , commonly the words we borrow from other Languages , are a little altered from their Originals to make them speak English . Something might also be said of the choice of Words in our refined English Tongue ; which are to be liked and approved according to their tone , and the sweetness of their cadence , that is , as they run musically in the Ear. Latin Verbs of the first Conjugation are more usually converted into English ; as contamino , as , to contaminate ; recalcitro , as , to recalcitrate , &c. then those of the second , third or fourth Conjugations . I have madcause of several Authors of different perswasions in Controversial points both of Religion and other Literature , which possibly will not please all Readers ; and therefore must crave pardon , in this particular , if some Citations pass under a nonliquent , since the nature of the Words inforced me to have recourse thereto . To conclude , though I may truly say , I have taken much pains in this investigation of Words , yet it is but too probable , that in multiloquio non deerit peccatum ; that in so great a Circumference , some Lines may not be truly drawn from the Centre ; which yet I hope will not draw an oblique censure from the Reader , but his pardon rather , and animadversion ; that I may , as St. Austin advises , Et scribendo proficere & proficiendo scribere , & quae nescio discere . De Trin , lib. 3. cap. 1. Rode Caper vites , tamen hic , cum stabis ad Aras , In tua quod fundi cornua possit , erit . THO. BLOUNT . TO HIS HONORED FRIEND Mr. T.B. Upon his GLOSSOGRAPHIA . HAd Babel , th' old World 's Rendevouz ( first meant To center Mankinde in one joynt consent To undue Homage ) by that Politick tye Setled her Universal Soveraignty , The World in one vast Fam'ly had combin'd , Nor labor'd thus to know each others mind : Language and Laws had firmly held together , That Court and Tow'r had been the Mint for either : But , when Dissension bred a Separation , And each fixt Colony became a Nation , Chance and Design in time more licenc'd grew , And Dialects the Original ensue ; Which by degrees degenerate from their Mother , Till they disown their birth , and seem another : Besides , the various Climates tun'd their throats And vocal Organs , apt for different Notes . Then , Speech , which in this Analytick vein Was first resolv'd , compounded grew again , As Enemies in conquer'd Countries fixt And ill-according Dialects intermixt ; Which Chance went on corrupting till next for Subdu'd that Nation and that Language too . But most , in these our Modern times , this I le And Language oft became a double spoil To Foreiners ; Pictish with Danish clung Into our Saxo-Belgick-Norman-Tongue ; Not all the Iargons , fanci'd to inspire By miracle that disagreeing Quire Of Babels Bricklayers , were so numerous As those which , by degrees , encroacht on us . Nor was 't all-jumbling War which wrought alone This change , and shuffl'd many Tongues in one , But even Peace ( such is the uncertain Fate Of Speech ) which settles all things , alters that . This nourish't Peace , bred Commerce , which inclin'd Men to impart th' expressions of their Mind . Civiler Greek and Latin interlac't Our rude Ground , with their rich Imbroid'ries grac't . Smooth France , neat Italy , and manly Spain , Lent it some tinctures of a quainter strain : And , as with Merchandize , with terms it fares , Nations do traffick Words , as well as Wares , Bon-jour usurps upon our plain Good-morrow , 'T is Neighborhood's best praise to lend and borrow . Travellers , which about the World do roam Had made us Englishmen , Strangers at home ; 'T was due unto their dearly earned praise To dress strange Stories in Exotick phrase , Nay homebred heads unsocially did strive T' estrange themselves and Shibboleths contrive ; Tradesmen affected uncouth words to cant , And blunder in terms non-significant ; Each Company would be thought a little Nation And coyn a Dialect in their own fashion : Artists grew Mock-Divines , and needs would teach . Their tricks in mystick words 'bove vulgar reach . Thus were we at a loss , and none could tell What Trav'llers , Grandsires , Books or Friends meant wel . Wee 'd still been thral'd to th' School-boys stupid task , Pos'd with hard English Words , to stop and ask ; Gallants had paid their Crowns to see the Play , And ne'r known first what meant an Opera ; Had not this thred been spun to lead them through Our Tongue , grown Labyrinth and Monster too . Confusion , in this Book , in Order's set , An Heap is form'd into an Alphabet : Old Babels Ruins this in part repairs And in an handsom Work the Rubbish rears , Scatter'd thence to our Isle ; nor shall we now Unto their Jars our disacquaintance ow. Rank't i' th' first Class of Moderns this would be , Had not Wits taken toy at industry , And thought all profitable subjects dull , ' Cause they too solid are to pierce their Skull , Pervious to nought but what to th' ear best chimes , Sliding in low , or cap'ring in high Rhymes . But , since all Science first from Notions springs . Notions are known by Words ; there 's nothing brings , Then treating these , to Knowledge more advance , Held Pedantry by witty Ignorance . In fine , what 's due t'industrious observation , And re-acquainting our self-stranger Nation With its disguised self ; what 's merited By rendring our hard English Englished ; What , when our Tongue grew Gibberish , to be then National Interpreter to Books and Men ; What ever praise does such deserts attend , Know , Reader , 't is thy debt unto my Friend . J : S : GLOSSOGRAPHIA : OR A DICTIONARIE INTERPRETING HARD VVORDS . A A Is the first Letter among the Greekes , which they call Alpha , from the first of the Hebrews , Aleph : It is sometimes used in numbers , as Alpha the first , Beta the second , Gamma the third . In the Greek composition it has a divers use ; but the privative is most to our purpose ; for being set before a simple word , it deprives or takes away its proper signification . Cicero calls A , literam salutarem , a comfortable Letter ; because it was a note of Absolution ; but C , literam tristem , a sorrowful letter ; because it denoted Condemnation . See Ignoramus . Abacted ( abactus ) driven away by violence or stealth ; also deposed . Abaddon ( Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abadh ▪ ) the Devil , so called in the New Testam . Apoc 9.11 . quasi , A bad one ; it properly signifies one that burns with a desire of destroying men . Abandon ( from the Span. Abandonar ) to banish or prescribe : to leave or forsake . Abannition ( abannitio ) a banishing for a year , properly among the Greeks for manslaughter . Abate ( from the Fr. Abatre ▪ i. to break down or destroy ) signifies , in its vulgar sence , to diminish or take away ; as to abate the courage of a man ; so one that abateth in Lands and Tenements , by his entry diminishes and takes away the freehold in Law descended to the Heir . In another sence it signifies to beat down or overthrow , as to abate Castles , Houses and the like ; and to abate a Writ , is to destroy it for a time through want of good ground or other defect : And hence comes Abatement , which in our Common Law , is an entry into Land by interposition of one that has no right after the death of the Ancestor , and before the entry of the Heir . Abba ( Syriack ) Father ; So Christ expounds it , Mark. 14.36 . and St. Paul , Rom. 3.15 . Abbat or Abbot ( from Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Abh , or the Syriack Abba , i.e. Father ) a spiritual Lord that has the rule and preheminence over a Religious House . Abbord ( from the Italian abbordare ) to go near the shore ; also to bord or grapple with a ship . Florio . Abeyance or Abayence ( from the Fr. Bayer , i. to gape , covet , or expect ) our Lawyers would signifie hereby a kind of hope or longing expectance ; because those things that are in Abeyance , though for the present in no man , yet they are , in hope and expectation , belonging to him who is next to enjoy them . When the Parson of a Church dies , we say the Freehold is in abeyance ( because the Church is in expectation of a successor ) in Potentia , as Logicians phrase it . Co. on Lit. l. 3. c. 11. Sect. 646. Abbreviator ( Latin ) one that abridges or makes a brief draught of a thing . In Rome there are Officers belonging to the Pope , called Abbreviators de parco majori ( whose Office is to endite letters at request of suppliants , which inditing is termed a rough draught , or copy of the Request ) And Abbreviators also de parco minori , whom the Italians call Giannizzeri , who also attend on the expedition of Letters . 1. Part Treasury of Times . Abbreviature ( abbreviatura ) a brief writing , an Abridgment or brief of a thing . Abdals , a kind of Religious people among the Persians who take their name from Abdala , Father of Mahomet ; they have no abode , vow poverty , lodge in Churches , &c. Herb. Travels , p 167. Abdera . A City in Thrace , where Democritus the laughing Philosopher lived . Hence Abderian laughter is used for mad , foolish , or incessant laughter ; and Abderite , for Democritus , or any inhabitant of that place . Abdicate ( abdico ) to reject , to renounce , to refuse . Abdication ( abdicatio ) a rejecting or refusing . Abdominous ( from abdomen ) pertaining to the outward or former part of the belly , or to an insatiable panch ; unweildy , gross , panch-bellied . Mr. Fuller . Abduct ( abduco ) to lead away by force , or flattery ; to entice , to withdraw . Abduction ( abductio ) a leading or taking away . Abecedary ( abecedarius ) pertaining to the Cross-row , or the A , B , C. Abecedarian ( abecedarius ) one that teacheth or learns the Cross-row , or the A , B , C. Abel ( Hebr. ) a mans name , signifying mourning or vanity . Abequitate ( abequito ) to ride away or from . Aberration ( aberratio ) a wandring or straying out of the way . Dr. Brown , in his Vulgar Errors , uses the word Aberrancy , in the same sense . Abessed or Abbaised ( Fr. abaissé ) debased , dejected , humbled , bent , or brought down . Rush . Dialog . Abet , in our Common Law signifies to encourage or set on to some evill : also to maintain or patronize . Abgregate ( abgrego ) to lead out or from the flock , to separate . Abhorrency ( from abhorreo ) an abhorring , hating , or detesting . L. Bacon . Abject ( abjectus ) cast away , condemned , base . Abigat ( Hebr. ) the Fathers joy , or Father of joy . Abissines . See Abyssines . Abition ( abitio ) a going away or dying . Abjudicate ( abjudico ) to give away by judgment . Abjuration ( abjuratio ) a forswearing or renouncing by Oath . In our Common Law it is an Oath taken to forsake the Realm for ever . But there is a latter Oath so called ; which concerns matters of belief , and was confirmed and established by Ordinance , 1643. ca. 15. and enlarged 1656. ca. 16. which may be tendred to any person , suspected of Popish Recusancy , at the age of 16. and is impugned by a notable Treatise called the Christian Moderator , Part 3. Ablactation ( ablactatio ) a weaning as children from the Mothers Teat , or young beasts from their dam. Ablation ( ablatio ) a taking away or from , a bearing away by stealth . Ablectick ( ablectus ) that is set forth or garnished for sale . Ablegation ( ablegatio ) a sending forth or out of the way . Ablepsy ( ablepsia ) blindness of mind , unadvisedness , inconsiderateness . Abligate ( abligo ) to bind from . Ablocate ( abloco ) to set to hire , to take from one and set to another . Ablution ( ablutio ) a washing off , a rensing away . Abnegate ( abnego ) to deny earnestly or refuse , to say no. Abnodate ( abnodo ) to prune or cut away knots from Trees . Abolition ( abolitio ) an abolishing , disannulling or destroying utterly . Abone ( from the Ital. abonare or abbonare ) to make good or seasonable , to ripen . Abominate ( abominor ) to detest or abhor . Abortion ( abortio ) the casting of the young , a bringing forth before time . Dr. Brown uses the word ( Abortment ) in this sense , and I have read Aborcement . Abortive ( abortivus ) any thing brought forth before its time , that is delivered untimely , still-born . Abradacarba ( whence or what language quaere , but ) Samonicus Serenus ascribes a vertue to the word against Agues . Cambden . Abraiamins , a certain kind of Sorcerers or Enchanters among the Indians . Treasury of Times . Abrasion ( abrasio ) a shaving away . Abrenunciation ( abrenunciatio ) a forsaking or renouning . Abricot or Apricot plumb , quasi in aprico coctus . i. ripened in the Sun ; because they grow not , unless in the Sun and warmth . Min. Abrodictical ( abrodiaetus ) that feeds daintily , curious in diet . Abrogate ( abrogo ) to disannul , take away or repeal : to lay aside , as of no use or fruit . See Prorogue . Abrupt ( abruptus ) broken off , rash , sudden , out of order . Absolonism , The opinion or practice of Absolom , i. disobedience or rebellion against Parents . Abscession ( abscessio ) a departing or going away . Abscission ( abscissio ) a cutting off or away . Absconding ( abscondens ) hiding , concealing . Absconsion ( absconsio ) a hiding or concealing . Absentaneous ( absentaneus ) done in absence , pertaining to absence . Absolution ( absolutio ) a dismissing , forgiving or discharging . Absonant Absonous ( absonus ) untuneable , jarring , unlike , confused . Absorb ( absorbeo ) to sup up all , to drink up , to consume , to devour . Bac. Absorpt ( absorptus ) supped up , devoured , swallowed up . Abstemious ( abstemius ) that drinks no wine , sober , temperate , moderate in diet . Abstention ( abstentio ) an abstaining , or a with-holding an heir from taking possession of his Land. Cressy . Absterge ( abstergeo ) to wipe away , to cleanse or put away . Feltham . Abstract ( from abstraho ) a small work or draught taken out of a greater . Also a term in Logick . See Concrete . Abstersion ( abstersio ) a wiping away , or wiping out , a cleansing . Abstersive ( abstersus ) that wipes or makes clean . Abstrude ( abstrudo ) to thrust away or out , to hide , to shut up . Fel. Abstruse Abstrusive ( abstrusus ) hid , secret , dark , not easie to be understood . Abstrusity ( from abstrudo ) darkness , secresie . Dr. Brown. Absurd ( absurdus ) foolish , harsh , without wit or grace . Abvolate ( abvolo ) to flye or vanish away . Abyrtace , a dainty kind of meat with the Medes and other barbarous Nations , sharp , and quick of taste , to provoke and please the appetite , composed of Leeks , Garlike , Cresses , Senvie , Pomgranate kernels , and such like . Plut. Mor. Abysme ( abysmus ) the same with Abyss . Abyssines ( Abyssini ) the people of that part of Aethiopia which is subject to Prester John. Abysse ( abyssus ) a bottomless gulph or pit , any deepness that cannot be sounded . Hence Abysmal . Deep , bottomless . Academy ( Academia ) a woody or shady place near Athens , where Plato taught ; so called from Ecademus , one of the Hero's ; now taken for any famous Shool or University ; hence Philosophers of the Sect of Plato are called Academicks . In Alexandria ( now called Scanderia ) in Aegypt , Gautenus ( saith Heylyn ) read Divinity and Philosophy in the year 180. from whom it is thought the Orders of instituting Universities first began in Christendom . Academick Academical ( academicus ) belonging to such a School or Academy , Acatalepsy ( acatalepsia ) incomprehensibleness : the Opinion of the Sceptiques . Accelerator ( Latin ) a hastner . Bac. Accelerate ( accelero ) to hasten or make speed unto . Accent ( accentus ) tune , tenor , the rising and falling of the voice , the due sound over any word or letter , or the mark of any letter which directs the pronunciation . There are also accents of sentences ; as in the close of a period we let fall the voice , in a demand , raise it . Acceptilation ( acceptilatio ) a verbal Acquittance . Accerse ( accersio ) to call forth , to send for ; to provoke , to accuse . Accesse ( accessus ) an approaching or coming to , an increasing , a growing , a passage , or a way to a place . The Access of an Ague , is the approach or coming of the fit , and the Recess is when the fit is over or leaves the Patient . In Lancashire they call the Ague it self the Access , as , such a one is sick of the Access . Accessory Accessary ( accessarius ) guilty of a sa●il● : in our Common Law it signifies a man guilty of a fellonious offence not principally , but by participation , as by commandment , advise or concealment . Acclamation ( acclamatio ) a shouting or crying out in liking or disliking . Acclivity ( acclivitas ) steepness . Accolyte . See Acolyte . Accommodate ( accōmodo ) to compose , fit , apply to , or lend . Accommodatitious ( accommodatitius ) proper , fit , convenient ; also applied , inclined , or disposed . Accordant ( Fr. ) agreeable , well fitting unto , concordant . Accordance ( Fr. ) an accord or agreement ; a concord in musick . Accort ( Fr. ) discreet , advised , circumspect , foreseeing ; also subtile and cunning . Accost ( from the Fr. Accoster , or Ital. accostare ) to joyn side to side , to approach or draw near to ; also to affront . Accoutred ( from the Fr. Accoustre ) attired , arraied , decked , apparelled . Accoutrement ( Fr. Accoustrement ) attire , dressing , apparalling : also habit , cloathing , or rayment . Accretion ( accretio ) an increasing , or growing . Accumbing ( accumbens ) sitting at a Table , lying down . Dr. Br. Accumulate ( accumulo ) to heap up , to encrease or load ; to gather in heaps . Accurate ( accuratus ) curious , diligent , exact . Accusative ( accusativus ) that whereby one is accused . Ac-drinc ( Sax. ) a kind of drink made of Acornes , used of old , in time of dearth and necessity . Sax. Dict. Acephalick ( acephalus ) without head , title , or beginning . Acephalists ( acephali ) a kind of Hereticks , that had no Author or beginning ; the word importing as much . Acerbity ( acerbitas ) a sour or sharp taste , cruelty , roughness . Acerote ( acerotus ) full of chaff or straw , course , brown . Acervate ( acervo ) to heap to gether , to mough up . Acersecomick ( Acersecomes ) one whose hair was never cut . Acetars ( acetaria ) sallets or sawces made of roots or herbs mixed with vinegar , to stir up appetite . Acetosity ( acetositas ) sourness , sharpness ; the substance or taste of vinegar . Acherontick ( acheronticus ) wanting joy and comfort ; also pertaining to Hell , from Acheron a Lake in Epirus , which ( as Poets feigned ) who ever passed over , should never return ; hence and for its ill colour and taste it is taken for Hell. Acherusian ( acherusius ) pertaining to the Lake or River Acherusia , which is taken for the entrance into Hell. Acidity ( aciditas ) sharpness , sourness . Lord Bac. Acid ( acidus ) sour , sharp , biting . Acoustick ( Gr. ) pertaining to the sense of hearing , or that helps the hearing . Bac. Acolastick ( acolastus ) that liveth under no correction , riotous . Acolyte ( acolythus ) a Minister , whose office is to bring water , wine , and light to the Altar : also a novice or young proficient . Aconick ( from aconitum ) poysonous ; or pertaining to the venemous herb called Aconite . Acqueste ( Fr. from acquiro ) purchases made , or things bought by the unmarried ; or by , or for onely one , ( therein different from conquests . ) Acquiesce ( acquiesco ) to be at rest or quiet , to rest upon , to lean or assent unto . Acquisition ( acquisitio ) a getting , obtaining , or purchasing . Acre ( Sax. Aeker ) is a certain quantity of land , containing in length 40 Rods , Poles or Pearches , and sour in breadth , or to that quantity , be the length more or less , And , if a man erect a new Cottage , he must lay four Acres of land to it after this measure , ordained by Stat. 31. Eliz. ca. 7. Acrimony ( acrimonia ) sharpness , sourness . Acreamatick ( acreamaticus ) that hearkens or gives ear to any thing , that requires much study and search ; also musical , harmonious , or delightful to the ear and eye . Acroatick , was that part of Aristotles doctrine which he taught in the Lyceum , wherein his more remote and subtile Philosophy was handled , and such things as appertained to the contemplation of Nature , and dialectic disceptations . Hist . Phil. Acrocomick ( acrocomus ) that hath long hair . Acronychal ( acronychus ) belonging to those stars which rise in the twi-light , soon after Sun setting . Acrosticks ( acrostichis ) a kind of verses , when the first or last letters of every verse make some name , word , or sentence . As these upon Mors. M ors solet innumeris morbis abrumpere vita M , O mnia mors rostro devorat ipsa su O. R ex , princeps , sapiens , servus , stulius , miser , aege R , S is quicunque velis , pulvis & umbra sumu S. Acteoned , Horned . A word made from Actaeon , who is poetically feigned to have been turned into a Stag ; and it is sometimes used in a waggish sense , for Cuckolded . Actifs , an order of Friers that wear Tawny habits , and feed on nothing but roots Cotgrave . Actitation ( actitatio ) a debating of a cause in the Law. Actuality ( actualitas ) among Philosophers , signifies the perfection of existence or being above formes ; as when we say a man is , we say more then when we say a man. Actual sin . See Venial . Actius Naevus , a Roman South-sayer of great fame , in the presence of Tarquin did cut a Whetstone in two with a Razor ; hence it is we use to say proverbially sharper then Actius his Razor , as in Rel. Med. Aculeate ( aculeatus ) that hath a sting or prick , biting , vexing . Bac. Acuminate ( acumino ) to make sharp-edged or pointed . Acuminous ( from acumen , minis ) sharp edged or pointed : subtile in wit , of a penetrating judgment . Acupictor ( Lat. ) an Embroiderer , or any one that works with the Needle . Acute ( acutus ) subtile sharp-edged , ingenious , crafty . Acyrology ( acyrologia ) improper speech , or a speaking improperly . Adage ( adagium ) a Proverb or common saying . Adagial , proverbial or full of Adages . Adam ( Hebr. i. rubescere ) any thing made of red earth ; and because man is the most excellent work made of earth , therefore the word Adam stands absolutely for man ; and Addam in the Persian tongue , signifies a man. Herb. Adamantine ( adamantinus ) belonging to , or hard as an Adamant or Diamond ; invincible . Adamical pertaining to Adam . Dr. Br. Adamate ( adamo ) to love dearly , to love foolishly or wantonly ; to desire fervently . Adamites ( Adamiani ) a Sect of Hereticks begun in Bohemia about two hundred years since , by Adamus Pastor an ignorant fellow , who pretended , forsooth , to raise a sort of sanctified people , but indeed it was rather an herd of shameless beasts ; one proper mark of their profession was , to meet stark naked in their Synagogues , which were sometimes hot Stoves , and none were to be admitted into their number , but such as could stand stark naked before the rest of their company , men and women , for the space of an hour , without shame or blushing ; they held sundry heretical Doctrines , as that in Christ there was but one Nature , &c. There were in the third age after Christ , some that gave beginning to such a Sect , but failing of acceptance , it dyed , or lay as it were raked up in Embers till the forenamed Adamus blew this cole in Bohemia , and afterwards about the year 1535 in Holland , chiefly at Amsterdam , Vtricht , and Emden , in which and many other places they are still conceived to be lurking . Addiction ( addictio ) a deliverance of goods to the possession of another , or to him that offers most . Additament ( additamentum ) an addition or increase . Addomestique ( Fr. ) tamed , made gentle , housal , familiar . Adelantado ( Spanish ) ( change the o into e then it is French ) a Lord Deputy or President of a Country for the King ; a Princes Lieutenant in a Province ; also a General or Admiral . Adeling ( Sax. ) a Prince or child of a King ; a royal youth . Adelman or Eadelman ( Sax. ) a Nobleman or Gentleman . Ademption ( ademptio ) a taking away or from . Addoulce ( Fr. Adoulcir ) to mitigate with sweetness , to make sweet . See Adulce . Addresse or Adresse ( Fr. ) a direction ; a short course , a neer and ready way . I address my self to such a person , is to resort unto , make towards , or make my application to him . Adecatist ( from a and Decas ) one that is against paying Tythes or Tenths . Adeption ( adeptio ) an obtaining , acquisition or getting . Adequate ( adaequo ) to make even , plain , or level ; to advance himself , that he may be even with , or like another . Adhamate ( adhamo ) to catch or take with Hook or Net. Adhesion ( adhaesio ) a cleaving or sticking unto , a fastning to a thing . Adjacent ( adjacens ) that lies near unto or borders upon . Adiaphorie ( adiaphoria ) indifferency . Adiaphorous , Indifferent . Dr - Taylor useth it in his Liberty of Prophecying . Adjournment ( Fr. ) is , in our Common Law , an assignment of a day in Court , or a putting off or dissolving a Court till another day ; or a warning to appear at a day . Adipal ( adipalis ) fat or gross . Adjument ( adjumentum ) help , aid , or assistance . Adjunct ( adjunctus ) taken Substantively , is a quality joyned to another thing , as heat to fire ; weight to lead , &c. Adjunct ( adjectively ) joyned to or added unto . Adjure ( adjuro ) to command a thing , by interposing the authority and name of God or Christ ; As we adjure you by Jesus . Act. 19.13 . Adjuration ( adjuratio ) a requiring an oath of another . Also an earnest charging or commanding another to say or do somewhat . As when Caiphas said to Christ , I adjure thee by the living God , to tell us if thou art Christ , the Son of God. Mat. 26.63 . Adjutant ( adjutans ) helping or aiding , properly in that which is good . One that helps another in the discharge of an Office , which is also signified by Coadjutor . Also an Officer in an Army so called . Adjust ( Fr. Adjuster ) to place justly , set aptly , couch evenly , joyn handsomly , match fitly , dispose orderly , several things together . Adjuvate ( adjuvo ) to help or aid , to further or favor . Adjutory ( adjutorius ) that helps or pertains to aid or helping ; the two bones which extend from the shoulders to the Elbow , are called Adjutory bones . Administrator ( Lat. ) in our Common Law is properly taken for him that hath the goods of a man , dying intestate , committed to his charge by the Ordinary , and is accountable for the same , whenever it shall please the Ordinary to call him thereunto . An Administrator is by the Statute of 31. Edw. 3. cap 11. authorised to dispose of the goods of the deceased as fully , and to be accountable for the same , as Executors . Of Administrators and Executors , see a Treatise written by M. Wentworth of Lincolns Inn. Administratrix ( Lat. ) she that hath that charge or office . Admiration ( admiratio ) wondering at , marvelling . An Admiration point is thus [ ! ] As when we say , O tempora ! O Mores ! Ad Octo or Vt Octo. A term in Philosophy , which signifies the superlative degree ; because in Philosophy the eighth degree is the highest , in which they distinguish qualities or accidents . Adolescency ( adolescentia ) Youth : the age from 15 to 25. Adonai ( Hebr. ) a Lord , or sustainer ; the Jews use this as an ordinary name of God : On Festivals they pronounce Jehovah . An Adonique ( adonicum ) a kind of short verse consisting of a Dactyle and Spondee , such is Rara juventus ; so called from Adonis , in whose , honor they were first made . Adopt ( adopto ) to chuse , or take to be ones heir or child . Adoption ( adoptio ) a free election or chusing one for his child out of the course of inheritance ; a taking or admitting one to be his child by favor , who is not so by nature . Adoxy ( adoxia ) ignominy , shame ; slander , infamy . Adrian Adriatique Sea ( Adriaticum Mare ) the gulph of Venice , extending 700 miles in length , and 140 in breadth , was so called of Adria , once a famous Sea-Town on the mouth of Eridanus or Poe. Heylyn . Advectitious ( advectitius ) which is brought or carried unto . Adventual Adventive or Adventitious ( adventivus ) that cometh by chance , besides the purpose , unlooked for . Advent ( adventus ) the time from the Sunday that falls either upon St. Andrews day or next to it , till Christmas ; which time was wont to be spent in some extraordinary devotion , by way of preparation for the Feast of the Nativity of our Saviour then approaching . The words bare signification is , a coming unto , or apptoaching . Adversative ( adversativus ) pertaining to an Adversary , which is contrary or against some person or thing . Advesperate ( advesperascit ) it waxeth or growes towards night . Advigilate ( advigilo ) to watch diligently . Adulation ( adulatio ) properly the fawning of a Dog , slattery . Adulatory ( adulatorius ) pertaining to slattery . To Adulce ( Fr. Adoulcir ) to sweeten , mollifie or appease . L. Bac. Hen. 7. An Adult ( adultus ) one of full age . As Adulta virgo , a maid that is marriageable . Adulter ( adultus ) grown to full age , come to his full ripeness , force and bigness . Adulterate ( adultero ) to commit adultery ; to counterfeit or corrupt . Adultery ( adulterium ) properly spoken of married persons ; but if onely one of two persons , by whom this sin is committed , be married , it makes Adultery ; and this is felony by Act of Parl. 1650. ca. 10. Adulterium , seems to have taken that name , as it were ad alterius thorum , i. to anothers bed , which the Adulterer always aims at . Adumbrate ( adumbro ) to shadow , to resemble , to draw a picture imperfectly . Adumbration ( adumbratio ) a shadowing or bare portraying of a thing ; also an imitation or expressing of another thing somewhat to the likeness and nature of the same . Aduncity ( aduncitas ) crookedness , hookedness . Aduncous Adunque ( aduncus ) crooked downwards , hooked . Bac. Advecate ( advocatus ) a man of Law that pleads , assists , or sollicits another mans matter , so called ab advocando , i. calling unto , because he is called to his Clients assistance ; most properly a Procurator or Doctor of the Civil Law. Advowzen ( advocatio ) the reversion of a spiritual promotion , and signifies , in our Common Law , a right to present a Clergy-man to a Benefice , as much as Jus Patronatus in the Canon Law. Of this there are two sorts . , Advowzen in gross , which belongs or adhears to any Manor , as parcel of the right of it ; and Avowzen dependent , which depends on a Manor , as appurtenant thereunto . Adure ( aduro ) to roast , burn or parch . Bac. Adust Adusted ( adustus ) burnt , parched , vexed . Adustible , burnable , parchable . Adustion ( adustio ) parching or burning . Adynamous ( adynamus ) weak , impowerful . Aedil ( aedilis ) See Edil . Aegipans ( aëgipanes ) monsters having bodies like men , and feet like Goats , Wood-Gods . Aera . See Epoche . Aereal ( aërius ) belonging to the air . Aeromancy ( aëromantia ) a kind of divination by the air . Aeromantick ( aëromanticus ) pertaining to such divinations . Affability ( affabilitas ) curtesie in speaking and hearing others , kindness to men . Affectation ( affectatio ) too much curiosity , study of eloquence against nature , an extream labouring without discretion to imitate another . Affeerours ( afferatores , alias affidati ) are those that are appointed in Court-Leets upon oath to mulct or set fines upon the heads of such as have committed faults arbitrably punishable , and have no express penalty set down by Statute . To Affiance ( from ad and fides ) to betroth , or make sure . Affictitious ( affictitius ) feigned or counterfeit . Affidavit , is borrowed from the Canonists , among whom Affidare is used for fidem dare , and so it signifies , he hath sworn or given his faith ; but with us it is generally taken for an Oath , or Deposition put in writeing . Affinage ( Fr. ) a fineing or refining of metals . Affinity ( affinitas ) kindred or alliance by marriage ; sometimes likeness or agreement . Affirmative ( affirmatus ) that affirms or avoucheth . Affluence ( affluentia ) plenty , abundance . Afforest ( afforesto ) to turn ground into Forest . Affray ( from the Fr. Affres , i. a fright ) may be without word or blow given , as if a man shew himself furnished with Armor or Weapons not usually worn , it may strike a fear into others unarmed . For which reason it is a common wrong , and inquireable in a Leet ; which makes it differ from Assault , which is always a particular injury . 4 H. 6 , 10.8 Ed. 4 , 5. Affricate ( affrico ) to rub upon or against , to grate or crumble . Africa ( Gr. ) one of the four parts of the world lying Southward ; herein is Barbary , Numidia , Lybia , the Land of Negroes , Aethiopia interior and exterior , Aegypt and the Islands . It is called Africa of the Greek word Phrice , which signifies cold , and the privative A ; so , Africa signifies a Country without cold , as indeed it is . Africk African ( Africus ) pertaining to Africa , or to the Southwest wind . Africk-bird , taken for a coward or one in gay cloaths that has little Spirit . Aga ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. duco , to lead ) an Officer that commands the great Turks Janizaries , and is the third in repute in his Empire . Sands . Agamist ( agamus ) he that is unmarried . Agarick ( agaricum ) a white and soft Mushrom , or excrescence growing on the Larch Tree ; also a root in Sarmatia that helps digestion . Cotgr. Age ( aetas ) that part of a mans life which is from his birth to this or his last day . A man , by our Common Law hath two ages ; the age of 21 years is termed his full age , and 14 the age of discretion . Lit. l. 2. c. 4. In a woman there are six . 1. At seven years of age the Lord her Father may sistrain his Tenants for aid to marry her ; for at those years she may consent to Matrimony . 2. At the age of nine years she is Dowable . 3. At twelve years she is able finally to confirm her former consent given to Matrimony . 4. At fourteen years she is enabled to receive her land into her own hands , and shall be out of Ward if she be of this age at the death of her Ancestor . 5. At sixteen years she shall be out of Ward , though at the death of her Ancestor she was within the age of fourteen years . 6. At one and twenty years she is able to alienate her Lands and Tenements . At sixteen years of age every person may be summoned to take the Oath of Abjuration . Acts 1656. c. 16. Proclus ( a Greek Author ) divides the life of man into seven Ages . 1. Infancy , contains four years . 2. Childhood contains ten years . 3. Youth-hood or Adolescency consists of eight years , that is , from fourteen to two and twenty . 4. Young man-hood continues nineteen years , that is , from two and twenty to forty one . 5. Ripe man-hood hath fifteen years of continuance , and therefore makes his progress to 56 years . 6. Old age , which , in adding 12 to 56 makes up 68. 7. Decrepit age is limited from 68 years to 88. See more divisions of Age , if you please in first part Treasury of Times , p. 377. and in Vul. Err. p. 216. Agelastick ( from Agelastus , Grandfather of Crassus , who never laughed but once in al his life and that was to see a Mare eat Thistles , hence ) we use it for one that seldom laughs ; sad , or sullen . Agemoglans or Agiam Oglans , are those Christian children , which are seised by Turkish Officers , when they are between the age of ten , and eighteen or twenty , to be made Janizaries , or for other service of the Great Turk . The word signifies unexpert , or untutored youths . Aggerate ( aggero ) to heap up , to encrease . Aggested ( aggestus ) heaped up , or laid on a heap . Fuller . Agglomerate ( agglomero ) to fold or wind up in bottoms to gather together . Agglutinate ( agglutino ) to joyn or glue together . Aggrandisement ( Fr. ) a greatning , inlarging , advancement . Aggrandize ( from the Ital. Aggrandire ) to greaten , augment , enlarge , encrease , or make great . Aggravate ( aggravo ) to load or burthen ; to make a thing worse by words . Aggregate ( aggrego ) to gather or assemble together , or in Troops . Aggressor ( Lat. ) a setter upon , an Assailant , one that begins . Aggression ( aggressio ) a setting upon or entrance into , an assault . Agiograph ( agiographa ) a holy writing , a holy Writ . See Hagiographer . Agist ( from the Fr. gist ) signifies in our Common Law to take in and feed the Cattle of strangers in the Kings Forest , and to gather the money due for the same to the Kings use : the Officers that do this are called Agistors , or Guest-takers , of whom the King had four in every Forest , where he had any Pawnage ; their function is termed Agistment , which is also used for the taking in of cattle into the Parks or grounds of Subjects . Hence comes the word gisting , or ( as the Country people corrupt it ) joysting of cattle . Manwood For. Laws . See Pawnage . Agitable ( agitabilis ) that may easily be moved or tossed . Agitate ( agito ) to do often , to toss , shake or discuss . Aglet ( Fr. Aguillette ) a little plate of any mettal , the tag of a point . Agnail ( from the Sax. Angnaegle ) a sore under the nail of a man or beast , a Corn growing upon the Toes . Agnation ( agnatio ) kindred by the Fathers side . Agnition ( agnitio ) knowledge or acknowledging . Agnize ( agnosco ) to acknowledge , confess or avow , to know by some token , to admit or allow . Agnominate ( agnomino ) to allude to ones name , to nick-name . Agony ( agonia ) horror or trembling , torment of body and mind . Agonism ( agonisma ) the reward or prize won by activities ; the reward of victory . Agonarch or Agonothete ( Agonotheta ) a Judge or Overseer in feats of activity , a Master of Revels . Agonist ( agonista ) a Champion , one that contends in masteries . Agonistic Agonistical ( agonisticus ) warlike or skilful in exercises . Agrarian Laws , were among the Romans , preferred by the Tribunes of the Commons , as well for division of lands and fields ( conquered from the enemies ) among the Commons , as to restrain the possessions of the Nobles within a certain limit . Livy . Agreat ( Sax. ) altogether . As to take a work agreat , is to take the whole work altogether , or , as some say , by the lump . Agrestical ( agrestis ) pertaining to the field , rude , rustical . Agricole ( agricola ) a Husbandman , Farmer , or Plowman . Agriculture Agricolation ( agricultura ) husbandry or Tillage of Land. Agroter ( Sax. ) cloy'd , made big , swelled . Chaucer . Ajax Shield , a proverb for a sure defence ; from Ajax a famous Warriour of the Greeks . Airie of Hawks ( Fr. Aire ) is that we call a nest of other Birds . Alabaster ( alabastrum ) a kind of marble , white and very clear , which by reason of its natural coldness , preserves things long from corruption ; and therefore they used to make boxes of it , to keep sweet Oyntments , and Tombs to bury Princes and great Personages . Alabandical ( alabandicus ) barbarous or sottish . Alay , A term in hunting , when the Hart is in full chase , and one lies near a covert and shakes off some fresh Hounds into the Cry , to supply and make it the stronger , lest some over-haled dogs should happen to sink in the latter end of the chase . Alacrity ( alacritas ) cheerfulness , liveliness , courage , joyfulness of heart . Alarum ( conclamatio ad arma ) a calling together to Arms , as is usually done in a Garrison , upon the approach of an enemy . Alazony ( alazonia ) arrogancy , or pride . Albe ( alba ) a long white linnen garment , wherewith Priests are cloathed when they say Mass , by which Albe is represented the long white robe , by derision put on our Saviour in the presence of Herod . Treatise of Mass . Albion , Great Britain , so called , either from the Greek word Olbion that is happy , or from Albis rupibus , its white rocks . Albis ( Lat. ) as when we say a book in Albis , that is a book in quires or unbound . A term more used beyond Sea , then with us ; we say in Quires , the French , in blanc . Albor ( Lat. ) any whiteness or white colour , the white of an egg . Albuginous ( albugineus ) pertaining to the white spot in the eye , or to the white of an egg , or to any white colour . Dr. Br. Alchaick Verse ( Alcaicum Carmen , from Alcaeus , the inventor ) has , after two Dactiles , two Trochees , thus - vv-vv-v-v . But , according to Fabricius , it has five feet , he places the first a Spondee or Iambick ; the second an Iambick , the third a long syllable , the fourth a Dactyle , the fifth a Dactyle or Amphimacre , and gives this example . Vides ut alta stet nive candidum Soracte , nec jam sustineant onus . Alchymy ( alchymia ) the art of distilling or drawing quintessence out of metals by fire , separating the pure from the impure , setting at liberty such bodies as are bound and imprisoned , and bringing to perfection such as are unripe . Bac. Alchymist ( alchymista ) one that useth or is skill'd in that Art , a Chymick . A melter or extracter of Quintessences , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and that from the Hebr. Alkum . Alchoran or Alcoran ( i. Scripture ) the book of the Turks Religion , first broached by Mahomet , who was an Arabian , and born in the year 572. his Father was a Pagan , and his Mother a Jew . In Arabia he was chosen Captain of a rebellious multitude , among whom he inducted a new Religion ( which he pretended was revealed to him by the Angel Gabriel ) consisting partly of Jewish Ceremonies , which he learned of one Abdalla , partly of Christian Precepts taught him by Sergius a Nestorian Monk , and partly of other phantastical sopperies , which his own inventions suggested to him . This Religion ( if we may so call it ) Osmen the fourth Caliph of the Saracens ( who married Mahomets Daughter , and by that means got a sight of all his papers ) reduced into four Volumes , and divided into several Chapters , the whole Body of it is but an Exposition and gloss of these eight Commandments . 1. Every one ought to believe , that God is a great God and onely God , and Mahomet is his Prophet . 2. Every one must marry to encrease the Sectaries of Mahomet . 3. Every one must give of his wealth to the poor . 4. Every one must make his prayers five times a day . 5. Every one must keep a Lent one month in the year . 6. Be obedient to thy Parents . 7. Thou shalt not kill . 8. Do to others as thou wouldst be done unto . And the Turk writes on the outside of his Alcoran , Let no man touch this Book but he that is pure . M.S. in Arch. Bod. You may read more of this heathenish superstition in Dr. Heylins description of Arabia , and indeed in the Book it self , not long since printed in English . Alembick ( alembicus ) A Still or Stillatory to distill waters . Alectryomachy ( alectryomachia ) a Cock-fight . Alectryomancy ( Gr. ) divination by a Cock or by the Cock-stone . Cotgr. Alebromancy ( Gr. ) divination by barley meal mixed with wheat . Aleger , the like kind of liquor made of sour Ale , as Vineger of wine . Bac. Nat. Hist . 155. Alexipharmacal ( from Alexipharmacum ) that is good against poyson , enchantments and execrations . Aletude ( aletudo ) fatness of body , grossness . Alferes ( Span. ) an Ensign or Ancient-bearer in war. Algebra ( Syriack ) the Art of figurative numbers or of equation . An Art consisting both of Arithmetick and Geometry ; Chaucer calls it Algrim . Algebraical , pertaining to that Art. Algid ( algidus ) chil , cold . Algifical ( algificus ) which makes chil , or cold . Algidty Algor ( algiditas ) great cold or chilness . Algorism ( algorismus ) the Art or use of Cyphers , or of numbering by Cyphers ; skill in accounting . Algorist ( algorista ) one skilful in reckonings or figuring . Alhidade , a rule on the back of the Astrolabe to measure heights , breadths , and depths . Du Bartas . Alibie ( alibilis ) nourishable , comfortable . Alicant Wine , So called from Alicante , the chief Town of Mursia in Spain , where great store of Mulberries grow , the juyce whereof makes the true Alican wine . Alienate ( alieno ) to alter the property of a thing , to sell or estrange . Alien ( alienigena ) a sorraigner , a stranger born , and not here enfranchised . Aliment ( alimentum ) any thing that nourisheth the body . Alimonie ( alimonia ) nourishment , maintenance ; But in a modern legal sense it signifies , that portion or allowance , which a married woman sues for , upon any occasional separation from her husband , wherein she is not charg'd with Elopement or Adultery . This was formerly recoverable in the Spiritual Court , but now onely in Chancery . Alimental Alimentary ( alimentarius ) pertaining to nourishment . Alimentation , nourishment , or that causeth or breeds nourishment . Allaborate ( allaboro ) to labour vehemently , to encrease a thing by labour . Allaud ( allaudo ) to praise or commend . Allectation ( allectatio ) an alluring , or enticing . Allective ( alliciens ) that allures or enticeth . Allegory ( allegoria ) a dark speech or sentence which must be understood otherwise then the litteral interpretation shews , and is prosecuted through the whole sentence . As when St. Jo. Baptist speaking of our Saviour . Mat. 3 , said , Whose fan is in his hand , and he shall make clean his floor , and gather the wheat into his barn , but the chaff he shall burn with unquenchable fire . The meaning is , that Christ being supreme Judge of all , shall separate the good from the evill , rewarding the one in Heaven , and punishing the other in Hell fire . Bull. Allegorical , pertaining to , or spoken by an Allegory . Alleluiah or Alleluia ( Heb. ) Praise ye our Lord , used as a sign of exultation . Paulus Diaconus writes , that when the Britains were invaded by the Saxons and Picts , and ready to fight a battel with them , they were admonished by Germanus a French Bishop ( sent hither with St. Lupus , to confute the Pelagian Heresie ) that they should say as he said , and forthwith he cry'd out aloud Alleluiah , which when the whole Army of Britains had done , the sound thereof struck such a terror into their enemies , that they presently fled , and the Britains had the victory . De gestis Rom. l. 15. & Bede Eccl. Hist . l. 1. c. 20. This Alleluia ( saith a learned Author ) is an Hebrew word , composed of Allelu and Jah , whereof the Imperative Mood Allelu ( as near as can be uttered , for in it self it signifies joy beyond all utterance ) is as much as praise ye ; and the word Jah is one of the ten names signifying our Lord , which some think to be the first word that children pronounce , when they are new born . This word Alleluiah the Jews much esteem , and pronounce many times together in their Synagogues . Allevate Alleviate ( allevo ) to lift up , ease , or comfort , to asswage or diminish . Alliciency ( from allicio ) an allurement or enticing , a drawing or perswading unto . Alligation ( alligatio ) a tying or binding to . Alliant or Ally , one that is in league , or of kindred with one . Allision ( allisio ) a dashing against or upon , a rubbing against . Alliteration ( alliteratio ) a figure in Rhetorick , repeating & playing on the same letter . Allobrogical ( from Allabroges ) of or belonging to the people of Savoy . Allocation ( allocatio ) a placing or adding unto ; also allowance made upon an account . Allocution Alloquy ( allocutio ) a speaking or talking unto , a communication or parley . Allodial Lands ( terrae allodiales ) free-lands , for which no Rents , Fines , nor Services are due . Allude ( alludo ) to speak any thing which hath resemblance , or is privily directed to touch another matter , to scoff covertly , to play to or with another , to speak by relation to any thing . Alluminor ( from the Fr. Allumer , i. to lighten ) one that colours or paints in paper or parchment ; so called , because he gives light and ornament by his colours to the Letters or other figures coloured . An. 1. Ric. 3. ca. 9. Allusion ( allusio ) a likening or applying of one thing to another , and it is as it were a dalliance or playing with words like in sound , unlike in sense , by changing , adding , or substracting a letter or two ; so that words nicking and resembling one the other , are appliable to different significations . As the Almighty ( if we may herein use a sacred Authority ) in ratification of his promise to the seed of Isaac , changed Abram , high Father , into Abraham , that is , Father of many ; and Sarai that is , my Dame , into Sara , that is , Lady or Dame. The Greeks nicked Antiochus Epiphanes , that is , the famous , with Epimanes , that is , the furious . The Romans likewise plaid with bibbing Tiberius Nero , calling him Biberius Mero . So in Quintilian , the sour fellow Placidus was called Acidus , and of late one called Scaliger , Aliger . Cam. Rem . fol. 158. Alluvion ( alluvio ) the still rising and swelling of a river , a deluge or inundation . Almanack ( Hebr. Almanahh ) a Prognostication or Kalender . But Verstegan derives it from the Germans ; they used ( says he ) to engrave upon certain squared sticks about a foot in length , the courses of the Moons of the whole year , whereby they could always certainly tell when the New and Full Moons should happen , as also their Festival days ; and such a carved stick they called an Al-mon-aght , that is to say , Al-mon heed , to wit , the regard or observation of all the Moons , and hence is derived the name Almanack . Verstegan p. 46 , 47. Almicantharats and Almadarats , Arabian names of Lines or Circles , which are imagined to pass through every degree of the Meridian Parallel to the Horizon , up to the Zenith . Du Bartas . Alody ( alodium ) signified anciently what in the more strict sense Inheritance doth in our Law , that is , Lands descended from the Ancestor . Selden . Almner Almoner or Amner ( eleemosynarius ) is an Officer of a King or Princes house , whose function is carefully to collect the fragments and distribute them every day to the poor : Charitably to visit the sick and leprous , those that are in prison , poor widows , needy persons , and those that have no constant abode ; likewise to receive and faithfully distribute cast horses , robes , mony and other things given in Alms ; he ought also to stir up the King with often admonitions , especially on Festival days , to be bountiful in giving Alms , and to beseech that his rich Robes may not be given to Parasites , Masquers , Stage-players , or the like , but may go towards the increase of his Alms. Fleta l. 2. cap. 22. Alnath , is a fixed star in the horns of Aries , from whence the first mansion of the Moon takes his name , and is called Alnath . Chaucer . Aloes . See Lignum Vitae . Aloe Zocatrina , the juice of an herb brought hither dry out of Zocatara , an Affrican Island , the best wherof is clear , clean and red , like the colour of a Liver ; It is very bitter , but an excellent medicine to purge cholerick humors out of the Stomach , yet not good to be taken inwardly by such as are troubled with the Hemorrhoides . Bull. Alogick ( alogicus ) unreasonable , inconsiderate . Alogy ( alogia ) without reason ; also unmeasurable excess in cheer . Alopecy ( alopecia ) a disease causing the hair to fall , the Foxes evill ; shedding of the hair . Alosha , A kind of drink in Spain , which they drink between meals in hot weather , it is made of water and hony , and is much of the taste of our Medea . Alpha ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) the first letter of the Greeks called of us ( a ) ( as Omega is the last ) it is used for the first or chief of any thing ; Almighty God is called in the Apocalypse , Alpha and Omega , i. the beginning and ending , first and last . Rev. 13.13 . Alphabet ( alphabetum ) the cross-row of letters , the A , B , C. so called from Alpha , and Beta the two first letters of the Greek Alphabet or Cross-row , and therefore most peculiar to the Greek tongue . Alphabetical ( alphabeticus ) belonging to or done after the order of the A , B , C. Alphitomancy ( Gr. ) divination by barley meal . Alphonso , a famous Musician , who invented a particular way of playing on the Viol , which still retains his name . Altercation ( altercatio ) an angry reasoning , contention or brawling in words . Alterative ( alterativus ) changed , or that may be changed . Bac. Alternative Alternate ( alternatus ) done or changed by courses or turns one after another , interchangeable . Alternity ( from alternus ) a succession by course , a changing by turn . Altiloquum ( altiloquus ) that speaks loud or of high matters . Altisonous ( altisonus ) which sounds clear or loud . Altitonant ( altitonans ) that thunders from above , an Epithete of Jupiter used by Poets . Altitude ( altitudo ) height , depth or loftiness . Altivolant ( altivolans ) flying on high , or soaring aloft . Alveary ( alvearium ) a Bee-hive , or the place where Bees or Bee-hives stand . It may be used Metaphorically for a house full of Inhabitants , a Library full of Books , or the like . Alveated ( alveatus ) hollowed like a hive , vaulted or trenched . Aluminous ( aluminosus ) done with or full of Alume , tasting of Alume . Vul. Er. Alumnate ( alumno ) to nourish or feed . Alutation ( alutatio ) a tawing , tanning or dressing of Leather . Alytatk ( alytarcha ) he who seeth that good rule be kept at common Games and Exercises . Gregory . Amalekites or Amalecites , were descendents of Esau by his Grandchild Amalec ( which word is Hebrew , and signifies populus lambens , a licking people : ) these Amalekites inhabited some of the lands betwixt Phaenicia and the red Sea , and were the first that took Arms against Moses and the children of Israel , as they were travelling betwixt the said Red Sea , and the land of Promise , over whom Joshua ( appointed General of the Israelites by Moses ) got a famous victory , as you may read in Exod. 17. Hence 't is that enemies to the children of God or good people , or enemies to good proceedings , are commonly called Amalekites . Amalthean Horn , plenty of all things . So used from Amalthaea , a she Goat , that Jupiter sucked , whose horns are feigned to have abounded with plenty of all things . Cicero's Library was also called Amalthaea , for being abundantly stored with Books . Amandation ( amandatio ) a sending away or removeing . Amanuensis ( Lat. ) a Clerk or Secretary always attending ; a Scribe or publick Notary . Amaritude ( amaritudo ) bitterness , solitariness , grief . Amarous ( amarus ) bitter , sharp , froward , hard to be appeased , frightful , sour . Amarulent ( amarulentus ) very bitter , frightful , envious . Amatory ( amatorius ) pertaining to love or lovers ; lovely . Spots . Amazons ( amazones ) warlike women of Scythia , that had but one Teat ( their name in Greek importing as much ) they were very manlike , and did cut off their right Breast , that it might not hinder their shooting , for they were excellent Archers ; they lived by themselves , and if at any time they went to their Husbands or neighboring men , and conceived ; if it were a Female childe they kept it ; if a Male , they sent it to the Father : the Country where they live is denominated from them , and called Amazonia . Ambage ( ambages ) an idle circumstance of words , a far fetched speech , or a speech far from the purpose . Bac. Ambagious ( ambagiosus ) full of idle circumstances of speech , or of deceitful words . Amber ( ambra ) a kind of hard yellow Gum , wherewith they make Beads and Bracelets . Dioscorides saith , it falls in manner of a liquor from Poplar Trees into the River Po in Italy , where it congeals and becomes hard . But L. Guicciard . affirms ( and more probably ) that it is the juice of a Stone , which grows like a Coral in Poland in a Mountain of the North Sea , clean covered with water , and in the Months especially of September and December , this liquor is by violence of the Sea , rent from the rock , and cast into the Havens of Poland and the neighbouring Countries . Besides its beauty , and the quality it hath of burning like pitch , and attracting straws and iron , like the Adamant , it is good for stopping the blood , Falling-sickness , Dropsies , and many other Diseases . Heyl. But see more of the quality and nature of Amber , in Dr. Browns Vulgar Errors , l. 2. cap. 4. Ambergreece or Ambergrise ( Fr. Ambergris ) a sweet Aromatick juice or perfume so called . Aetius and Simon Sethius ( Greek Authors ) affirm it to be a kinde of Bitumen comming forth of the Fountains or Springs in the bottom of the Sea , and that by floating upon the water it becomes hard , &c. A great quantity thereof is found in Sofala , and in the Isles of Comaro , Demogra , Mozambique , and along this Tract even to the Isles of Maldina or Naledina , which look into the East . There is Amber of four several colours ; White , Gray , Red , and Black , which comes according to the variety of places or Regions where it is found ; the Gray is preferred before all the other , and is known to be good , if when pricking it with a pin , it delivers forth a moisture like oyle . The fume of it is good against the falling-sickness , and comfortable to the brain . Ambidexter ( Lat. ex ambo and dexter ) he that useth his left hand as well as his right , that plays on both sides . In our Common Law it signifies that Juror or Embraceor , that takes of both parties , for the giving his Verdict . He forfeits ten times so much as he takes , Anno 38. Edw. 3. c. 12. Cromptons Justice of Peace , fol. 156. B. Ambidextrous , That can use both hands , that plays on both sides . Ambient ( ambiens ) environing , encompassing , seeking of honor ambitiously . Ambifarious ( ambifarius ) double , or that may be taken both ways . Ambiguity ( ambiguitas ) doubtfulness , incertainty , obscurity . Ambiguous ( ambiguosus ) doubtful , obscure . Ambilevous ( ambilaevus ) left-handed . Vul. Er. Ambiloge Ambilogy ( ambilogium ) a doubtful speech . Ambiloquent ( ambiloquus ) that speaks doubtfully , or that can speak two languages . Ambitude ( ambitudo ) a circuit or compassing round ; also ambition . Ambosexous ( ambosexus ) that is both male and female , of both Sexes . Amblygone ( Gr. ) a blunt angle , or a triangle , one of whose angles is blunt . Cotg. Ambrose ( Gr. ) divine , immortal . Ambrosia ( Gr. ) is Poetically used for the meat of the gods , as Nectar was their drink . It is sometimes taken for immortality . Ambrosiack Ambrosial Ambrosian ( ambrosianus ) divine , fragrant sweet-smelling , also immortal . Ambulatory ( ambulacrum ) substantively is a place to walk in , a Gallery . Ambulatory ( ambulatorius ) adjectively , going or walking up and down , changeable . Amburbial ( amburbialis ) that goes about the City . Amburbial Sacrifices were , when the beast went about the City before he was sacrificed . Ambuscado ( Spa. ) souldiers hid in a secret place to entrap the enemy unawares ; an ambush , a way-laying , or laying in wait for . Ambustion ( ambustio ) a burning or scorching about . Amebean Verse ( Carmen Amoebaeum ) a Song or Verse when one answers another by course , or is sung by turns . Amen ( Heb. i.e. verè ) in the end of prayer , wishing that it may be so , so be it . But when it is found twice repeated , as Amen , Amen , then it implies verily , verily , for confirmation of a truth , Mat. 18.3 . Joh. 6.26 . Durantus saith , that Amen imports , Be it to us which we have praied for . Amen is used in most languages ; in Turky they use ( Homin ) instead of it . S.H.B. Amenity ( amaenitas ) pleasantness , mirth , delight , amity . Amerciament ( from the Fr. merci , i. Mercy ) signifies the pecuniary punishment of an offender against the King or other Lord in his Court that is found to be in misericordia , i. to have offended and to stand at the mercy of the Lord. There seems to be a difference between Amerciaments and Fines , Kitchin fol. 214. For Fines , as taken for punishments , are punishments certain , which grow expresly from some Statute , and Amerciaments are arbitrably imposed by Affeerors . Cow. America , one of the four parts of the world , so called from Americus Vespacius a Florentine , who with Columbus a Genoese , first discover'd this Country about the year 1492. which is most aptly called the New world ; new , for the late discovery ; and world , for the vast spaciousness of it . For , it being divided into two parts , Mexicana and Peruana , the compass of the first is deemed 17000 , of the other 13000 miles . Heyl. American Disease , The great Pox , brought first from the Indies by the Spaniards into Christendom , and at the Siege of Naples , they bestowed it on the French their enemies in the year 1528. See Morbus Gallicus . Amfractuosity ( anfractuositas ) a manifold winding , turning , involution , intricacy , compass . Amfractuous ( anfractuosus ) full of turnings or windings , intricate , maze-like , perplexed . Amicable ( amicabilis ) friendly , like a friend . Amict or Amice ( amictus , us ) a garment or attire ; particularly it is that linen attire , which Priests put first on , when they vest themselves , by which is represented the head-cloth wherewith the Jews covered the face and eys of our Savior , when buffeting him they said , Prophecy , who is he that struck thee ? Amicted ( amictus ) clothed or covered with a garment . Amie , from the ( Fr. amiè , beloved , and that from Amatus , ) a name common both to men and women . The Earls and Dukes of Savoy , who are commonly called Aimè , were in Latin called Amadeus , that is , loving God , as Theophilus . We now use Amias for this , in difference from Amie the womans name . Cam. Amission ( amissio ) a loss or losing . To Amit ( amitto ) to lose ; to pardon . Ammodite ( ammodites ) a creeping vermin like a Viper , but of a sandy colour , and full of black spots . Ammoniack , A kind of gum almost like Frankincense , so called , because it grows in Lybia , near the place where the Temple of Jupiter Ammon or Hammon was . There is also a kinde of salt so called , which is found in Africa under sand , and is like Allum . Bull. Amnesty ( amnestia ) forgetfulness of things past . Icon. Basil . Amnick ( amnicus ) of or belonging to a River . Amonites , taken either for a distinct people descended from Amon , or generally used for all the Heathen ( whereof they were the worst and wickedest ) which possessed the land . Gen. 15.16 . Josh . 2.10 . Amos. 2.9 . Amorist ( amator ) a lover , an amorous fellow , a wooer . Amorositie ( from amor ) amorousness , lovefulness . Amoroso ( Ital. ) a he-lover , and Amorosa , a she-lover . Amort ( from the Fr. amorti ) extinguished , deaded , quenched . Hence 't is we use to say to those that are melancholy , what , alls-a-mort , or amortified ? To Amortize , ( from mors ) to deaden , kill or slay . Lord Bacon and Chaucer . Amotion ( amotio ) a removing or Putting away . Amphibology ( amphibologia ) a word or speech that hath a double or doubtful understanding or meaning . Amphibion Amphibious ( amphibium ) ( amphibius ) that lives as well by water as on land . Fuller . Amphibolous Amphibolical Amphibological ( amphibolicus ) doubtful or doubtfully spoken . Amphictious ( Amphyctiones ) were the most noble Counsellors of Greece , selected out of the twelve prime Cities , and instituted either by Acrisius ( as Strabo ) or ( as Halicarnassaeus thinks ) by Amphictyon the son of Helen , from whom they seem to have derived their name : They had power to decide all controversies , and to enact Laws for the common good ; their meetings were at the beginning of the Spring and Autumn . Ryder . To Amphionize , i. to play the Amphion , who was the author of harmony , and by his Eloquence brought men from savageness to civility . Apol. for Learning . Amphyscians ( amphyscii ) such people as live under the burning Zone , near the Equinoctial line ; so called , because their shadows at noon are sometimes toward the North , sometimes toward the South . Bull. Amphitheater ( amphitheatrum ) a kind of round Scaffold or Play-house full of benches of divers heights , for people to sit and behold publique exercises ; It differs from a Theater as the Full Moon from the half : this was but half-circled , that round , and composed as it were of two Theaters , and is thereof so called . Caius Julius Caesar , ( says Polydore Virgil ) built the first Amphitheater in the field , and consecrated it to Mars . Verona a City in Lombardy boasts of an Amphitheater , able to contain 80000 people . And Vespatians Amphitheater at Rome , said to be as great . Theoderick King of the Goths did utterly abolish the pastimes then used to be exhibited upon these Amphitheatres . Amphitrite ( Gr ) the wife of Neptune , used for the Sea. Ovid. Amphoral ( amphoralis ) containing or pertaining to Amphora , which is a vessel or pot with two ears , by some taken for a Rundlet of nine gallons . Antiently the Italick Amphora contained five Gallons , the Attick Amphora , seven Gallons and a half . Godwin . 143. Ampliation ( ampliatio ) a deferring or prolonging of Judgement or trial , till the cause be better certified : an enlargement , a Reprive . Amplification ( amplificatio ) an amplifying , enlarging or dilating . Amplitude ( amplitudo ) greatness , dignity , breadth , largenes . Amplivagant ( amplivagus ) that stretcheth far , or hath a large scope . Ampullous ( ampullarius ) pertaining to , or empty as a bottle or such like vessel : also proud , swelling or gorgeous . Amputation ( amputatio ) a cutting off , away , or about , a proyning . Amulete ( amuletum ) a ball like a Pomander , good against infection or bewitching ; also any thing that is hung about the neck to preserve one from bewitching or infection . Ana , A barbarous word used by Physicians , and signifies of every one a like quantity . Anabaptists , a sort of Hereticks , whose erroneous Tenents or the greatest part of them are . 1. That Christ took not flesh from the Virgin Mary , but that he past through her , as the Sun beams through glass , or rain through a spout . 2. That there is no original sin . 3. That children ought not to be baptized . 4. That such as have been baptized in their infancy ought to be re-baptized when they come to years of discretion . 5. That lay-people may Preach and administer the Sacraments . 6 That Absolution and the Church-peace ought to be denied to such ; who are fallen into any grievous sin , yea though they repent of it . 7. That Luther and the Pope are false Prophets ; but of the two Luther the worst . In matters of State they hold , 1. That the people may depose their Magistrates and chief Rulers . 2. That a Christian with a good Conscience may not take upon him or bear the office of Magistrate , or keep any Court of Justice . 3. That none may administer an oath to another . 4. That no malefactor ought to be put to death . In family-government they hold , 1. That no man hath a Property in his goods , but that all things ought to be held in common 2. That it is lawfull to have more wives then one at once . 3. That a man may put away his wife , if she differ from him in point of Religion , and be not of their Sect. There are divers sorts of Anabaptists , whereof some hold but part of these opinions , some all of them , and others more then these , whereof you may see more at large in Dr. Featley's description of Anabaptists , Entituled the Dippers dipt , and in Heresiography , an English book so called . Melancthon saith , that one Nich. Stork first ▪ broached Anabaptism in Germany , about the year 1521. which very much raigns at this time in many parts of Christendom . Anabathrum ( anabathrum ) a Pulpit , or any place whereunto we ascend by steps or stairs . Anacephalize ( from Anacephalaeosis ) to make a breif rehearsal or recapitulation of things spoken . Mr. Evelin Anachorite or Anchoret Anchoreta , ( so called , because they use to live 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. retired from company ) a kinde of Religious persons that live solitarily in Cells and dig their graves with their nails . Anachoretical Anachoretal ( Anachoretalis ) belonging to solitariness or Hermites . Anachronicism Anachronism ( Gr ) an error in Chronology , or an undue connexion of time , a false Chronicling , a repeating of time . Anacreontick Verse ( so called from Anacreon , a Lyrick Poet , who was the first inventor of it ) consists of seven syllables , which as I take it , are not tied to any certain Law of quantity . As Sat est quiete dulci Fessum fovere corpus . Anadem ( anadema ) a kinde of ornament for womens heads , as Garlands , Cornets or Borders . Anaglyphick or Anaglyptick ( anaglyphycus ) pertaining to the Art of Carving , Embossing or Engraving CAROLVS REX . Anagr. CRAS ERO LVX . HENRICVS PERCIVS . Anagr. HIC PVER SINCERVS , The precise in this practise , strictly observing all the parts of the definition , are onely bold with H , either in omiting or retaining it , for that it cannot challenge the right of a letter ; but the Licentiates , somewhat licentiously , lest they should prejudice poetical liberty , will pardon themselves for doubling or rejecting a Letter , if the sense fall aptly , and think it no injury to use E for AE , V for W , S for Z , and C for K , and contrariwise . The Greeks ( saith Camden ) refer this invention to Lycophron , who was one of those Poets , whom they called the seven stars or Pleiades , and flourished about the year 380. Anagogical ( anagogeticus ) subtile , or of deep understanding , or belonging unto high matters . Anagrammatism . The art of making Anagrams , which is a dissolution of a name truly written into his letters , as his Elements , and a new connexion of it by Artificial transposition ( without addition , substraction or change of any letter ) into different words , making some perfect sense appliable to the person named ; As before Christ , in the time of Ptolomaeus Philadelphus King of Aegypt , whose name he thus Anagrammatized , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Made of hony . And upon Arsinoe his wife , thus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . June's Violet . Anagraph ( anagraphe ) a registring or recording of matters : an Inventory . Analects ( analecta ) fragments , scraps of meat or crums gathered together ; and Metaphorically it is used for collections or fragments of learning , gathered out of any Book or Author . Analem ( analemma ) a Mathematical Instrument , whereby is found out the elevation of any Planet , or the height of any other thing . Analogism ( analogismus ) a forcible Argument , from the Cause to the Effect , implying an unanswerable necessity . Analog●●● ( analogia ) the just proportion , correspondence and measure , which the object or subject holds with true reason required therein : An Agreement , harmony or apt answering of the thing to the considerations proper thereunto . El. of Ar. Analogous Analogical ( analogicus ) proportional , equal , resembling . Analogists ( analogistae ) tutors who are not bound to give account of those whom they have under tuition ; as Guardians and protectors of Wards . Analysis ( Lat. ) a resolution or unfolding of an intricate matter : or a resolving or distribution of the whole into parts . Analyze , to resolve or explicate an intricate matter , &c. Analytick , that which resolveth . Ananias ( Heb. ) the grace of the Lord , or ( as some will have it ) Divinatio Domini . Anapest ( anapaestus ) a foot in a Latin verse , consisting of two short syllables and one long , as , vâcûās . Anapestick Verse ( anapaesticum ) or Aristophanick , commonly used in Tragedies , hath three seet , an Anapaest , a Dactyle and a Spondee , which are used in all parts of the verse indifferently , as , Castos sequitur mala paupertas . Vitioque potens regnat adulter . Anapologetic ( from the Gr. Anapologetos ) inexcusable , or without excuse . Anarchic ( anarchicus ) belonging to Anarchy , without rule or government . Anarchy ( anarchia ) when people are without a Prince or Ruler ; lack of Government , confusion . Anarchism , the Doctrine , Positions or Art of those that teach Anarchy ; also the being it self of the people without a Prince or Ruler . Anathem ( from the Gr. anathema with an eta or é longum ) an offering or gift given to an Idol , or to the Church , and hanged up in the Temple in testimony of devotion or thanksgiving . Anathem ( from anathema with an epsilon or è breve ) a man that is accursed or given to the Devil by Excommunication ; also execration or excommunication it self . Anathema Maranatha is one accursed for ever , or eternal execration , 1 Cor. 16. Anathema belongs to all obstinate scandalous offenders , Anathema Maranatha , onely to blasphemers of the Holy Ghost . Gal. 19. Rom. 9.2 . Anathematize ( anathematizo ) to excommunicate , to swear , curse , and give to the Devil . Anatiferous ( from anas ) that brings the disease or age of old women . Dr. Br. Anatocism ( anatocismus ) a yearly revenue of usury , and taking interest for interest . Anatomy ( anatomia ) the incision or cutting up the body of man or beast , as Surgeons do to discover the substance , actions and use of every part . Anatomical ( anatomicus ) belonging to , or skilful in that Art. Anatomize , to cut up the body of man , &c. Vt supra . Ancestor ( antecessor ) a forerunner . In Law there is a difference between Antecessor and Predecessor , the first is applied to a natural person , as J.S. & antecessores sui . The last to a Body Politique or Corporate , as , Rector de D. & Predecessores sui . Anchoral ( anchoralis ) pertaining to the Anchor or Cable . Anchoresse , a religious woman that lives solitarily in a Cell . Vide Anachorite . Ancil ( ancile ) was a short Buckler or Scutcheon which was formed without corners , being rebated on each side in the fashion of a decressant or Moon in the last quarter . This Ancile ( as they say ) fell from Heaven into the hands of King Numa in time of a plague at Rome , and he being advertised by Egeria , that it was for the health of the City , and ought to be kept safe , caused eleven more to be made so like , as they could not be known from the pattern , which hereby was preserved ; the keeping hereof was committed to the 12. Salii . Livy & Fern. Andrew ( Gr. Andreas ) manly or manful . Androgynal ( androgynus ) pertaining to male and female , Hermaphroditical . Androgyne ( androgynus ) he that is male and female , an Hermophrodite . Anelate , a Faulchion or wood-knife , which I gather out of M. Par. p. 535. & 542. Angelical ( angelicus ) of or like an Angel. Anfractuosity . See Amfractuosity . Angelot ( Fr. ) a kind of little Cheeses in France , so called . Angle ( angulus ) a corner , nook , or secret place . It is also a Geometrical term for a corner , included by two lines ; of which there are three sorts , to wit , a right , an acute , and obtuse angle . 1. A Right Angle , is when the two lines meeting do frame a just square Angle of 90 degrees . 2. An Acute , is when the two lines inclose less then a square , thereby becoming more sharp , and therefore Acute . 3. An Obtuse Angle , is when the two lines include more then the square ; making it thereby the more blunt and dull , and is therefore called Obtuse . Enchirid. of fortificat . Anglicism , the form or manner of speech proper to the English . Angor ( Lat. ) anguish or grief either of body or mind . Anguineous ( anguineus ) of or belonging to a Snake . Angular ( angularis ) which hath angles or corners , crooked . Angularity ; Fulness of Angles or corners ; the being of a thing cornerwise . Angust ( angustus ) strait , narrow , slender . Anhelation ( anhelatio ) shortness of breath , difficulty of breathing , the Phthisique . Anheled ( anhelus ) which breatheth with pain or difficulty , puffed up , broken winded . Anility Anity ( anilitas ) old age of women : dotage . Animable ( animabilis ) that which may have life or soul . Animadversion ( animadversio ) an observing , considering or giving attention unto ; also a punishment or correction . Animal ( Lat. ab anima ) a living creature that hath sense , man or beast , sometimes we call a Block-head or dull-head an Animal . Animal spirit , See in Vital . Animalillio ( Span. ) a little Animal . Animality ( animalitas ) the essence or being of a living creature . Animate ( animo ) to hearten or encouarge , to give life or inspire with life . Animosity ( animositas ) liveliness , courage , stoutness ; also heart-burning or stomaching . Annals ( annales ) brief histories or Chronicles of memorable things done from year to year , properly spoken of acts done in former ages , not in present . Tacitus applies to Annals , matters of State ; to Diaries , acts and accidents of a meaner nature . Annalist , he that makes or writes such Annals or yearly Chronicles . Annatian Law , was a Law among the Romans , first proposed by L. Julius , a Tribune of the Commons , touching the year of the age requisite to sue for any publique Office , or to exercise the same . Livy . Annats , First fruits paid of spiritual things ; so called because the rate so paid , is also after one years profit . These Annats ( says Pol. Virg. ) began first at the Popes own Benefices , whereof he was Patron . But Clement the fifth generally decreed it in the year 1305. Boniface the ninth , and John the 22 th renewed that Decree . Anne ( Hebr. Hannah ) gracious or merciful . Anneale , To paint upon glass , to annoint , or do any thing with oil . Annicerians , a Sect of Philosophers , which took name from Anniceris , Disciple to Paraebates . Anniferous ( annifer ) that bears fruit all the year . Annihilate ( annihilo ) is the opposite to creation ; as to create , is to make something of nothing , or to produce an effect without the help of precedent materials : so to annihilate is utterly to destroy or to reduce something to its old nothing ; and as to create is an action proper onely to God himself , so in like manner to annihilate is onely proper to Him , whereas other kinds of productions and corruptions are the ordinary effects of sublunary and second Causes . Anniversary ( anniversarius ) that comes every year at a certain time , yearly , or from year to year . Those were of old called Anniversary days , whereon the martyrdom or death-days of Saints were celebrated yearly in the Church ; or the days whereon at the years end , men were wont yearly to pray for the souls of their deceased friends , according to the continued custom of Roman Catholiques . Annosity ( annositas ) old age , agedness . Annotation ( annotatio ) a noting or marking . Annual ( annualis ) of or belonging to the year , yearly or every year . Annuity ( annuus reditus ) a yearly Rent to be paid for term of life or years , or in Fee. There are divers differences between a Rent and an Annuity , whereof the first is , that every Rent is going out of Land , and an Annuity goes out of no Land , but charges onely the person of the granter , or his heirs , that have Assets by descent . The second difference is , that for the recovery of an Annuity , no Action lies , but onely the Writ of Annuity against the Granter , his heirs or successors : but of a Rent the same Actions lie , as do of Land , as the case requires . The third difference is , that an Annuity is never taken for Assets , because it is no Free-hold in Law , nor shall it be put in execution upon a Statute-Merchant , Statute-Staple , or Elegit , as a Rent may . Doctor and Student . Dial. 1. c. 3. and Dier fol. 345. num . 2. speaks also to this effect . Annul ( annihilo ) to frustrate , make void or bring to nought . Annulated ( annulatus ) that weareth Rings , ringed . Annulet ( annulus ) a Ring , or any thing like a Ring . Annunciate ( annuncio ) to declare unto , to bring news or a message . Anodynes ( anodyna ) medicines , which by provoking sleep , do asswage pains and grief . Anoisance . See Nusance . Anomaly ( anomalia ) inequality , irregularity , unlikeness . Anomalous ( anomalus ) inequal , unlike , irregular . Anonymal ( anonymus ) without name , without Author . Anopsy ( Gr. ) want of sight , dimness of sight , darkness of colour . Vul. Er. Anorexy ( anorexia ) queasiness of Stomack , want of appetite . Antagonist ( antagonista ) one that contends for mastery against another ; an adversary or enemy . Antarchy ( Gr. ) an opposition to Government . Antartick Circle ( antarcticus circulus ) a Circle in the Heavens southwards towards the Antipodes , remote from our sight ; so called because it is opposite to the Arctick Circle , and is 45 degrees distant from the Tropick of Capricorn . Heyl. Antarctick Pole , the South Pole of the world . Ante-acts ( ante-acta ) deeds done in former times , by-past actions . Anteambulate ( anteambulo ) to go before , as Ushers do . Antecedaneous , the same with Antecedent . Apol. for Learning . Antecede ( antecedo ) to go before , to excell or surpass . Antecedent ( antecedens ) that hath a Relative , that goes before or excels ; In an Argument or discourse consisting of two Propositions , which by Logicians is called an Enthymem , the first Prosition is called the Antecedent , the other inferred out of the first , is called the Consequent . Antecession ( antecessio ) a going before or excelling . Antecursor ( Lat. ) one that runs or rides before , a forerunner . Antediluvian ( from ante and diluvies ) before the deluge or the great flood . So Antideluvians , are people that lived before the flood . Antefact ( antefactum ) a deed done before , a former action . Antegenital ( antegenitalis ) born before , elder born . Antegression ( antegressus ) a going before . Anteloquy ( anteloquium ) a Preface , or the first place or turn in speaking : also a term which Stage-players use , by them called their Cue . Antemeridian ( antemeridianus ) before noon , or mid-day . Anteoccupation ( anteoccupatio ) a preventing , or seising first . Antepone ( antepono ) to put or set before , to prefer . Anterior ( Lat. ) that is before ; the former . Antevene ( antevenio ) to come before , to anticipate , or prevent Anthemy . See Antiphon . Anthime ( anthimus Anthine ( anthinus ) ) that is full of , or made of flowers , or of the hony-comb . Anthology ( Gr. ) a speaking or treating of flowers . Anthologicks ( anthologica ) books that intreat of flowers or herbs . Anthony ( from the Gr. Anthos , a flower ) flourishing . Anthromancy ( Gr. ) divination by the raising of dead men . Cotgr. Anthropology ( Gr. ) a speaking or discoursing of men . Anthropophagy ( Gr. ) a feeding on mans flesh ; hence Anthropophagize , to play the Canibal , to eat or feed on mans flesh . Anthropopathy ( Gr. ) humane or mans passion . Anthropomorphites ( anthropomorphitae ) a sect of simple Heretiques that began in Aegypt about the year of Christ 395 in time of Pope Siricius , and of the Emperour Theodosius the elder : their peculiar Doctrine was , that God had a body or corporeal shape , consisting of head , neck , arms , &c. like a man ; having their appellation from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies Man ; they are also commonly called Vadiani or Audiani , from their esteemed Father or Author Auduus , a Syrian , that lived about the year 380. in time of Pope Damasus . Antichrist ( antichristus ) an enemy or adversary to Christ . It is compounded of the Greek proposition Anti and Christus , which signifies contrary or against Christ . Antichambre ( Fr. ) any outward chamber which is next or near the bed-chamber . Anticipate ( anticipo ) to take before , to prevent , to forestall . Antichronism ( Gr. ) a false or contrary computate of time . Antidate ( ab ante & datus ) the dating a Letter or other writing before the time of making or writing it . Antidicomarians , i. Maries adversaries , a sort of Hereticks , enemies to the blessed Virgin. Sir Tho. More . Antidote ( antidotum ) a medicine or preservative against venome or poison . Antike work ( ab antes , i. a prop or butteress ) a work in painting or carving of divers shapes of Men , Birds , Flowers , Fishes , &c. imperfectly and disorderly mixt and made one out of another for delight sake . To Antigonize , to play the Antigonus , who was a bountiful King of Macedonia . Antigraph ( antigraphum ) an example , a copy , a counterpane . Antigrapher ( antigraphus ) a Controller , Treasurer , he that keeps the accounts or money received to the Princes use , a maker or keeper of counterpanes of Deeds . Antilogy Antiloquy ( antilogia ) contradiction , gainsaying , or thwarting . Antimetrical , contrary , or against the rule or order of meeter , or verse . Recl . Pap. Antimony ( antimonium ) is a vein of the earth , like lead , howbeit it hath this difference from a mettal ; a metal melts , Antimony is brayed , and will be burnt rather then molten ; it is cold and dry in the third degree , and is used in Collyries for the eyes . Antimonial , belonging to Antimony . Antinomy ( antinomia ) the repugnance or contrariety between two Laws , or the contrarying of a Law. It was the custom in Athens to delegate five persons , to revise and examine every year the contrary-Titles of Law , which they call Antinomies , &c. Antinomians ( ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contrà , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lex , quasi adversarii legis , adversaries to the Law ) are a sort of Reformists hatcht in Luthers days , about the year 1525. by a disciple once of Luthers , called John , sir-named Islebius , a Husbandman ( from the Town Islebium , where he and Luther were both born in the County of Mansfield in Germany ) The Tenets of that Sect are ; That there are no Devils ; That the men of the Gospel are not bound to do the good works of Gods Law , as being neither necessary , nor profitable ; That whatsoever sins a man falls into , be they Whoredoms , Adulteries , Thefts , Rebellions , or whatever other , yet if he do but believe the promises of the Gospel , he is sure to be saved ; with such other damnable points . This Heresie is still lurking in many corners of Christendom ; one John Eaton is said to have been the first professor of it in England . Antipast , The first dish of a dinner , or meal ; or somewhat eaten before meal , as Oysters , &c. Antipathy ( antipathia ) a contrariety in nature , or natural repugnance ; a contrariety in passions or inclinations , a disagreement of dispositions . Antipathetical ( anti and patheticus ) of a contrary passion or nature . Antiperistasis , a term used in Philosophy , when heat , being kept in by cold , waxes the stronger in it self ; or cold kept in by heat grows more vehement : an encounter of contraries , or contrary circumstances . Antipelargy ( antipelargesis ) the reciprocal love of children to their Parents , or ( more generally ) any requital or mutual kindness . Cotg. Antiphrasse ( antiphrasis ) a figure , where a word hath a contrary meaning . Antiphrastical , that hath or gives a contrary meaning to words . Antiphone ( antiphona ) as Anthemn , a kind of Verse or Sentence , which Church-men sing by course , one singing one verse , and another another . Vox reciproca duobus choris alternatim psallentibüs . A responsory song . Antipileptical ( Gr. ) that is good against the falling-sickness ; or which is contrary to that disease . Dr. Br. Antipodes ( Gr. ) people dwelling on the other side of the earth with their feet directly against ours , so as a right line , drawn from the one to the other , passeth from North to South , through the Center of the world . These are distant 180 degrees , which is half the compass of the earth . They differ in all things as seasons of the year , length of days , rising and setting of the Sun , with the like . Plato is said to be the first Author of this word Antipodes . Antipodal , belonging to the Antipodes , or to those people that have their feet directly against ours . Br. Antiprestigiation ( antipraestigiatio ) a contrary jugling , the diversity or opposition of Legerdemain . Hist . of Goths . Antiquary ( antiquarius ) one that searches , or is well skild in Antiquities , as Coyns , Histories , old words , &c. Antiquate ( antiquo ) to bring into the antient manner or estate ; to abrogate or make void . Antique ( antiquus ) old , ancient , out of use . Antistrophe ( Gr. i. inversio ) a figure in Rhetorique , when between two things that mutually hang one on the other , there is an interchangeable conversion , As Servus Domini , Dominus servi . Antisabbatarians , a sort of Hereticks , who would have no particular Sabbath at all , but every day to be a Sabbath to a Christian man. Antithesis ( Gr. ) a Rhetorical figure , when contraries are opposed to contraries , as Spokes in a Wheel ; a contrary Position , opposition . Antithets ( antitheta ) opposites , contraries . Anti-Trinitarians , i. Adversaries to the blessed Trinity , who are more spoken of in Writers under the name of Trinitarians , which comprehends those Hereticks that reject the word Trinity , as not being found in Holy Scripture , and deny the number and distinction of Three persons in the blessed Trinity . As the Arians , who denied him to be truly God , whom true believers call the Son of the Eternal Father , or the second person of the Blessed Trinity . Or as the Sabellians ( having their name from their Author Sabellius an Egyptian , who lived Anno Christi 260. ) who denied any difference or distinction betwixt the Three persons , confounding the Three into One. Or as the Macedonians ( so denominated from Macedonius a Bishop of Constantinople , living about the year of Christ 359. ) who denied the Holy Ghost to be God , or , as many other old condemned Hereticks , to whose opinions subscribed those in the last age , who are termed Deists , followers of one Gregorius Pauli a Minister of Cracovia in Poland about the year of Christ 1564 , who vented many blasphemies against the blessed Trinity ; and divers others , as Ludovicus Herser , Michael Servetus , Campanus , with many of their Disciples in Germany , Hungary , Poland , and other places , where there are of them to this day . Antitype Antitypie ( antitypum ) an example or copy , like or contrary to the pattern . L. Bac. Antonians , an order of Religious persons , instituted about the year 324 , by the Aegyptian Monk St. Anthony , who at the first sold his possessions , and distributed their worth among the poor , and afterwards betook himself to a most holy austere course of life , perpetually addicted to Prayer , Fasting , Watching , and other corporeal mortifications ; teaching his Disciples or followers to fight against the Devil and his temptations with the sign of the Holy Cross ; his life was written by Athanasius , one of the Greek Fathers , who lived in his days . Antonomastically , that is said or spoken by the figure Antonomasia , which is a putting one name for another . Schism . disp . Anxiety ( anxietas ) sorrow , anguish , heaviness . Anxiferous ( anxifer ) bringing sorrow , causing anguish . Aonian , An Epithete for the Muses ; from Aonia , a part of Boeotia , where there is a Well dedicated to them , who are thence called Aonides . Apathy ( apathia ) a wanting of affection , the affection of the Stoicks , without passion , impassibility . Apelles Table . See Table . Apennage Appennage ( Fr. ) the portion of the Kings younger Sons in France , a childs part . They have in France a fundamental Law , which they call the Law of Appennages , whereby the Kings younger Sons cannot have partage with the elder . This Law was made by Charlemain , before whose time France was dividable into as many Kingdoms as the King had Sons . By this Law the younger ( though sometimes they are content with yearly Pensions ) are to be entituled to some Dutchy , and all the Profits and Rights thereto appertaining ; all matters of regality onely excepted , as Coinage , levying Taxes , and the like . It is derived from the German word Avanage , which signifies a portion . View of France . Apellean ( Apelleus ) of or belonging to Apelles , an excellent Painter . Apepsy ( apepsia ) crudity , bad digestion or rawness of the stomach . Aperture Apertion ( from aperio ) an opening , discovering , uncovering , or revealing . Sir H. Wot . Aperient ( aperiens ) opening , discovering , revealing , disclosing . Bac. Apertive ( apertus ) opening ; also open , clear , manifest . Apertly ( apertè ) plainly , openly , evidently . Bac. Aphelium ( Gr. aphelion ) is the point wherein the Earth , or any other Planet is most distant from the Sun. Ricciolus . Aphetical ( apheticus ) pertaining to the Planet that is the disposer of life in a nativity . Aphorism ( aphorismus ) a short selected Sentence briefly expressing the properties of a thing ; or which serves as a maxime or principle to guide a man to any knowledge , specially in Physick . Aphoristical , pertaining to an Aphorism . Aphrodite ( Gr. ) the Sirname of Venus . Apian ( apianus ) belonging to Bees , sweet , or tasting like honey . Apocalypse ( apocalypsis ) a divine Book written by St. John Evangelist , while he was banished in the Isle of Pathmos ; so called because it contains many profound mysteries there revealed to him . The words genuine signification is , a revelation or vision . Apocalyptical , belonging to the Apocalypse , or to a Vision or revelation . Apocryphal ( apocryphus ) that which is hidden , unknown or doubtful ; whose original authority is not known ; part of the Scripture so called , because it is doubted whether it be true Scripture , or not certainly known to be so . Apodictical ( from apodixis ) pertaining to a plain proof , or demonstration of a thing . Br. Apogeon Apogee ( apogaeum ) a Shroud or Den under the earth ; also a term in Astronomy , signifying the point in the Heaven , where any Planet is furthest from the centre of the Earth ; the remotest point of an Epicycle . Rider . Apograph ( apographum ) a copy written by a pattern ; Also an Inventory of ones goods . Apolactize ( apolactizo ) to kick or spurn with the heel , to despise . Apollinean ( Apollineus ) of or belonging to Apollo the god of Musick , Physick , and Poetry , or to the Sun. Apollyon ( Gr. ) signifies a destroyer ; a name attributed to the Devil in the New Testament , Apoc. 9.11 . They had a King over them , whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon , and in Greek Apollyon . Apology Apologism ( apologia ) a defence or excuse , a speech or written answer made in justification of any one . Apologetical Apological ( apologeticus ) pertaining to such a defence or excuse . Apologize ( apologizo ) to make such a defence or excuse . Apologue ( apologus ) a Fable or Tale , such as Aesops were , when bruit Beasts are feigned to speak , and which covertly teach lessons of good life . Apomel ( apomeli ) a kinde of drink made of water and honey . Apophlegmatism ( apophlegmatismus ) a medicine to purge the Flegm . Apoththegm ( apophthegma ) a brief and pithy speech or sentence of renowned personages . Apopheret ( apopheretum ) a New-years Gift , a Present . Apoplectical ( apoplecticus ) pertaining to the Apoplexy . Apoplexy ( apoplexia ) a very dangerous disease , wherein a man lies without sense or motion , as if he were dead , with his eyes closed , and great difficulty in fetching his breath ; it comes for the most part of cold and gross flegmatick humors , oppressing the brain in such sort that the Animal spirits cannot pass from thence into the sinews , as they were wont . It either causeth present death , or else ends in a dead Palsey . Aporetique ( from aporia ) ever doubting , never certain in any thing , wanting counsel . Apostate ( Apostata ) he that revolts or falls from any thing he has undertaken to defend , as from true Religion . Julianus the Emperor was most infamous for this crime , and therefore called Julian the Apostate . Apostatize ( apostato ) to make defection by revolt , to rebel or fall away from his Religion , duty or purpose . Hence comes Apostacy the Substantive , and Apostatical the Adjective . Aposteme . See Impostume . Apostle ( Apostolus ) one sent of a Message , a Messenger or Ambassador . Therefore the twelve whom Christ sent to preach the word of God , are properly called Apostles . Apostolicks or Apostolians ( Apostolici ) a sort of Heticks that hold , 1. That many Christians in these days have more knowledge then the Apostles . 2. That there is a salvation to be revealed unknown to the Apostles themselves . 3. That God in a short time will raise up Apostles , men extraordinarily indued with visible infallible gifts to preach the Gospel , &c. with other such erroneous Tenets . Apostroph ( apostrophus ) a mark or comma , signifying the cutting off some vowel , as 't is for it is , th' end , for the end , and the like ; most used in Poetry . It is also a figure , when we convert our speech from one matter or person to another . Apostume ( apostema ) an Impostume , an unnatural swelling of any corrupt matter in the body . See Impostume . Apothegme . See Apophthegm . Apotheke ( apotheca ) a place where any thing is laid to be kept , as a shop , ware-house , or store-house . Apotomy ( apotomia ) a cutting off ; a Mathematical term . Apozeme ( apozema ) a decoction , or medicine made of water with divers kindes of Spices and Herbs boiled together , used instead of Syrrups ; broth . Bac. Nat. Hist . Apparell ( Fr. ) preparation , provision , ready making ; It is an antient word used in the Accounts of the Inner Temple , and signifies that sum at the foot of an account , which the house remains in debt , or which remains charged on the house . Apparitor ( Lat. ) a Serjeant , Beadle , or Sumner ; but most commonly used for an inferior Officer that summoned in Delinquents to a spiritual Court. Appeal ( Fr. appel ) is often used in our Common Law as in the Civil : which is a removing of a cause from an inferior Judge to a superior , as Appeal to Rome , Ann. 24. H. 8. c. 12. and 1 Eliz. c. 1. So St. Paul appealed from Festus to Caesar . And it is also commonly used for the private accusation of a murtherer , by a person who had interest in the murthered party ; or of any Felon , by one of his complices in the Fact. See more of this in Mr. Leighs Phil. Comm. Appellation ( appellatio ) a calling or pronouncing an Appeal . Appellative ( appellativus ) naming , mentioning or calling . Grammatically it is taken for common , opposite to proper ; as this word homo , a man , is by the Grammarians called a Noun , or name appellative , because common to all men ; and this word Petrus , Peter , is a Noun or name proper to one individual person . Appendant ( appendens ) is any thing belonging to another , As Accessorium principali , with the Civilians , or Adjunctum subjecto with the Logicians . An Hospital may be appendant to a Manor . Fitzher . Nat. Br. fol. 142. Common of fishing appendant to a Freehold . Westm . 2. cap. 25. An. 13. Ed. 1. Appennage . See Apennage . Appenditious ( appendicus ) that depends on another , pertaining to an Appendix . Appendix ( Lat ) a hang-by , an addition , a Pent-house , label or any thing that depends on another . Appensor ( Lat. ) he that weighs or ponders . Appetency ( appetentia ) appetite , desire , lust . Appetible ( appetibilis ) to be or that may be desired . Appetition ( appetitio ) an earnest desire , endeavour , or lust . Hist . of Philosophy . Appian Way ( Appia via ) a notable street or High-way which leads from Rome to Capua in Campania , which Appius Claudius , in his Consulship , paved with stones and walled , and therefore took denomination from him ; but was extended to Brundusium in Calabria , by Julius Caesar and Trajan . Of all others it seems to be the principal , by the testimony of Papinias the Poet , Appia cunctarum fertur Regina viarum . Applaud ( applaudo ) to shew joy or liking of a thing , by clapping the hands , or other sign of rejoycing , to allow or praise . Applause ( applausus ) a clapping the hands in token of joy or good liking of a thing . Application ( applicatio ) a making any thing meet with another , an applying of one thing to another . Applumbature ( amplumbatura ) a joyning or soldering with lead . Apposite ( appositus ) put or set to , meet for the purpose , convenient . Apposition ( appositio ) an adding or putting to , or together . Appostile ( Fr. ) an answer to a Petition , set down in the margent thereof , and generally any smal addition to a great discourse in writing . Cotgr. Apprentice ( Fr. Apprenti , and that from apprendre , to learn , whence their Apprentisage , and our Apprentiship ) is such a person , who serves a certain time ( for the most part seven years ) by pact , for the learning of any Art. In former time Barristers were called Apprentices to the Law. As appears by Mr. Seldens notes on Fortescu , p. 3. So the learned Plowden stiled himself ; and Mr. Hen. Finch in his Nomotechnia writes himself Apprentice del Ley. Appretiate ( appretio ) to esteem at an high rate or price . Appretiation ( appretiatio ) an high valuing or estimation . Appretiatively ( appretiativè ) according to the price or value ; It is usually contradistinguished to intensively ; As we may be said to love a Dog more then a Childe intensively , but not appretiatively . Approperate ( appropero ) to hasten , to make speed to . Appropinquation ( appropinquatio ) an approaching or coming nigh unto . Appropriation ( appropriatio ) a term in our Law when any Body corporate or private person hath the right , and converts the profit of an Ecclesiastical Living to his or their own use , onely maintaining a Vicar to serve the Cure. To make an Appropriation , Licence must be obtained of the King in Chancery , and the consent of the Diocesan , Patron and Incumbent are necessary , if the Church be full ; But if the Church be void , the Diocesan and the Patron , upon the Kings licence , may conclude it . Plowden in Grendons Case , fo . 496. b. & Seq . To dissolve an Appropriation , it is enough to present a Clerk to the Bishop ; for , that once done , the Benefice returns to the former nature . Fitz. nat . br . fol. 35. F. Approver ( approbator ) signifies in our Common Law , one that confessing Felony of himself , appeals or accuses another , one or more to be guilty of the same : and he is called so , because he must prove that which he hath alledged in his appeal . Stanf. Pl. Cor. fo . 142. And that proof is by Battail , or by the Country at his election that appealed . Appuyed ( from the Fr. Appuyè ) stayed , propped , supported or held up ; also rested or leaned on . Aprication ( apricatio ) a warming or heating in the Sun. Apricity ( apricitas ) the warmth of the Sun in winter , Sun-shining , fair warm weather . Aprique ( apricus ) warmed with the Sun , or that loves to be in the Sun-shine , sunny . Aptitude ( aptitudo ) fitness , meetness , conveniency . Aptote ( aptotum ) a noun without a case , indeclinable . Apyrexie ( Gr ) the remitting of a Feaver ; or the shaking in the course of an Ague . Riverius . Aqua Coelestis is rectified wine , being in some sort made like the heaven for subtilty and pureness . Chym. Dict. Aquarius , or the Waterman ; one of the twelve signs of the Zodiack , so called from the plenty of rain water , which we commonly have , when the Sun enters that sign . Min. Aquatical ( aquaticus ) belonging to , living or breeding in the water . Aquatile ( aquitalis ) that haunts or lives in the water . Aquation ( aquatio ) a carrying , fetching , or providing water ; also abundance of rain water . Aqueduct ( aquaeductus ) a conduit or conveyance of water by a pipe . Aqueous ( aqueus ) waterish like to water . Vul. Er. Aquiliferous ( aquilifer ) that bears the picture of an Eagle in his Ensign , such was the Roman Standard-bearer . Aquiline ( aquilinus ) of or belonging to an Eagle . Arabesque ( Fr. ) Rebesk work ; branched work in painting or in Tapestry ; or a small and curious flourishing . Arabian Bird , the Phenix , which the Country called Arabia in Asia , is said to bring forth . Arabian stone , the stone called Corneol , being a kind of Onyx , and found in Arabia . Arable ( arabilis ) that may be tilled or ploughed . Araneous ( araneous ) ful of Spiders webs . Aratrate ( aratro ) to till or plough , to stir or ear ground . Arbitrary ( arbitrarius ) that which is voluntary or left to our own will or censure ; belonging to arbitrement . Arbitratour ( arbitrator ) is an extraordinary Judge or Commissioner in one or more causes , between party and party , chosen by their mutual consents . This Arbitrement is either general , that is , including all Actions , Quarrels , Executions and Demands ; or special , which is of one or more matters , facts , or things specified . The Civilians ( says Dr. Cowel ) make a diffetence between Arbiter and Arbitrator ; For though they both ground their power upon the comprimize of the parties , yet their liberty is divers . For Arbiter is tyed to proceed and judge according to Law , with equity mingled : Arbitrator is permitted wholly to his own discretion , without solemnity of process , or course of judgement , to hear or determine the controversie committed to him , so it be juxta arbitrium boni viri . Arborary ( arborarius ) of or belonging to Trees or Arbours . Arborist ( from Arbor ) he that hath skill in Trees , a woodman . Arbustive or Arbustine ( arbustinus ) of or belonging to shurbs or young Trees , shrubby . Arcabuz ( Sp. ) a kinde of hand-gun or Caliever . Arcabuzier , one that serves with such a Gun in the wars . Arcadian ( arcadicus ) belonging to the people or country of Arcadia , rustick , blockish , clownish . Arcade ( Fr. ) an Arch or half a Circle . Merc. Ital. Arcane ( arcanus ) hid , secret , privy , unknown . Arcenal . See Arsenal . Arche ( Gr. Archos ) the first or chief ; Hence Archetype ( archetypum ) the first pattern or original Copy , the principal figure or example , whereby a thing is framed . Arch Dapifer , a chief Sewer , and is the Title that belongs to the Count Palatine of the Rhene , under the Emperor . Arch-Duke , as much as the first or principal Duke . This Title belongs onely to the House of Austria , divised by the Emperor Fredrick to grace his Nephew Philip , when he was to marry Joan the Daughter of Spain . 2. part Treasury of Times . Arch-Flamens , were among the Heathens , what Arch-Bishops or Arch-Priests are among Christians ; the Heathenish Romans had three Arch-Flamens in Britain in King Lucius his time , whose seats were at London , York and Caerlion upon Vske , and 28 Flamens ; to whose power other Judges were subject . These by Pope Eleutherius's Legat , were converted from Idolatry , &c. Hen. Hunting . Hist . lib. 1. and in Prolog . and Broughtous Eccles . Hist . fol. 273. See Flamen . Archigrapher ( archigraphus ) the chief Secretary or principal Clerk. Archiloquy ( archiloquium ) the first part or beginning of a speech . Archimandrite ( archimandrita ) an Abbot , Prior , or chief of a Hermitage . Dr. Taylor . Archimimick ( archimimus ) the principal Player or chief Jester . Architect ( architectus ) the Master-builder , the chief workman in Architecture , the first inventer . Architectonical ( Gr. ) of or belonging to a chief Master or Architect . Architecture ( architecture ) the art of devising , framing , or drawing plots in building . It is written that this Science did begin in Cain , because he was the first that ever built a City , which he called by his Sons name Enoch , as appears Gen 4. This Art contains the condition of Carpentry , Masonry , Imagery , Goldsmithry , and whatever is to be wrought in either wood , stone , or mettals . 1. part Treas . of times . Architrave ( Architrabs ) the Crown or Chapiter of a stone Pillar : The reason-piece or master-beam in buildings of Timber . Archive ( archivum ) the place where antient Evidences , Charters and Records are kept ; the Chancery or Exchequer . L. Bac. Arch-triumphant . See Triumphant Arch. Archon ( Gr. ) the chief Magistrate among the Athenians . Archonticks ( archontici ) certain Hereticks who affirmed the world to be the work of Princes , and denied the Resurrection . They took their name from Archon the first of that Sect , and began about the year of Christ 334. Rider . Archytas Wooden Dove , ( famoused by Agellius and other Authors ) which by reason of weights equally poised within the body , and a certain proportion of air ( as the spirit of life ) enclosed , slew cheerfully forth , as if it had been a living Dove . Compl. Gent. Arcitenent ( arcitenens , ab arcum tenendo ) which bears or shoots with a Bow. Arctation ( arctatio ) a straitning or making narrow . Arctick Circle ( arcticus Circulus , so called for that it is correspondent to the Circle in Heaven called the Bear , in Greek Arctos ) is distant from the Tropick of Cancer 45 degrees , and passeth through Norway , Muscovy , Tartary , &c. Heyl. Arctick Pole ( Polus arcticus ) the North Pole of the world : for Arctick , of it self signifies northward or northern . Arcuate ( arcuatus ) fashioned like a bow or arch . Bac. Arcubalist or Arbalist ( arcubalista ) a warlike engine to cast or shoot darts or stones . Our Rich. 1. first shewed the use of this Engine to the French , and was shortly after slain by a shot thereof discharged by Bertram de Gurdon at the siedge of Chaluz in France . Cam. Arcubuse . See Arcabuz . Ardelion ( ardelio ) one full of gesture , a busie body , a meddler in all matters . Ardour ( ardor ) ardent love , hot or fervent desire , parching heat . Arduity ( arduitas ) height , steepness , difficulty . Areatour ( areator ) a thresher , or he that makes clean the floar . Arefaction ( arefactio ) a making dry or withered . Bac. Arefy ( arefacio ) to make or become dry , to wither . Arenaceous ( arenaceus ) of or like sand , sandy . Dr. Br. Arenated ( arenatus ) mixed with sand , sandy . Areopagite ( areopagita ) Judges of Life and Death among the Athenians , instituted by Solon ; their custom was to use so much severity and integrity in judgment , that they heard all causes and matters in the night , to the end they might have no occasion to regard the parties , but onely have their eye and respect earnestly on the matter before them . They were called Areopagites from the Greek Areopagos , that is , Mars his street , a street in Athens so called , where they sate . St. Dionysius , converted to the Christian faith by St. Paul , was one of those Judges . Pol Virg. Areopagy ( areopagus ) the Town where those Judges sate in Judicature . Areopagetical , belonging to the Areopagi . Aretaloger Aretalogon ( aretalogus ) one that brags or boasts of vertue in himself , a talking fellow , a lyer . Arescation ( from aresco ) a drying or withering up . Felt. Aretaphila ( Gr. i.e. amatrix virtutis ) a lover of , or friend to vertue ; a womans name . Aretine ( aretinus ) of or belonging to the City Aretium , now Arezzi in Italy . Argentanginy ( argentangina ) the silver Squincy , when one for money feigns himself sick and not to speak . Argentry Argent ( Fr. from Argentum ) silver , coyn , or money ; in Heraldry it signifies the silver colour , or white , which the Heralds hold to be the first and most excellent colour . And white ( Plato saith ) is the fittest colour for God ; among the Planets it is compared to the Moon , and among precious stones to the Oriental Pearl . Min. Argillous ( argillosus ) full of white clay , fat , fertile , clammy . Br. Argonauts ( argonautae ) the worthies that went into Colchos to fetch the Golden-Fleece ; so called of the ship Argo , in which they sailed ; the chief of them were Jason , Typhis , Castor , Pollux , Hercules and Theseus . Also taken for idle and lazy Mariners . Argonauticks , Books treating of Navigation or shipping . Argutious ( argutus ) subtile , witty , of deep reach , full of words . Arid ( aridus ) dry , barren , withered , unfruitful . Aridate ( arido ) to make dry or barren . Aridity ( ariditas ) driness or barrenness . Aries ( Lat. ) a Ram ; an Engine heretofore used in besieging Cities ; so called because it had horns of Iron like a Rams-head , which batter'd the walls ; or otherwise , because they rushed against the walls with it , as a Ram with his head , and back again . The form of which you may find in Marcellinus , l. 23. c. 3. Also the first sign of the Zodiack , so called , because when the Sun enters into that sign about mid - March , he begins to beat with his beams upon the beginnings of the New-year as a Ram doth butt , or push with his horns . Du Bartas . Arietine ( arietinus ) of or like a Ram. Arietation ( arietatio ) a butting like a Ram ; or a battering with the Engine called the Ram. Ariolation ( ariolatio ) foretelling , soothsaying . Vul. Er. Aristocracy ( aristocratia ) a kinde of Government in a Commonwealth , wherein the Nobles or better sort onely rule . Such is the Republique of Venice , which is governed by a Senate of Noble men . Aristocratical , of or belonging to that kind of Government . Arithmetick ( arithmetica ) the art of numbering : It is written , that Abraham first taught this Art to the Egyptians , and that afterwards Pythagoras did much increase it . Arithmancy ( Gr. ) divination made by number , which hath consideration and contemplation of Angelical vertues ; of names , signacles , natures , and conditions , both of Devils and other Creatures . Aritude , the same with Aridity . Arke ( arca ) in holy Scripture signifies two things . 1. The Ark made by Noah at the commandment of God , which was 300 Cubits long , ( one foot and half to the Cubit ) 50 Cubits broad , and 30 high , Gen. 6. which sheweth ( according to Butaeo ) the whole concavity to have been 450000. The remnants of which , Josephus saith , were in his time to be seen . 2. It signifies a most precious and consecrated coffer , or chest called the Ark of Testament or Testimony , made of the wood Sethim , and plated within and without all over with gold : it had four corners , and in each corner a golden Ring , thorow which were put bars of the same wood , covered likewise with gold , which served for the carriage of it ; This Ark was two Cubits and a half long , one Cubit and a half broad , and one Cubit and a half deep , Exod. 25.30 . in it was kept part of the Manna in a pot of gold , also the two Tables of the Law , and Aarons rod that had budded . Heb. 9.4 . Armada ( Sp. ) a great Army or Navy . Armature ( armatura ) armor , or the use of weapons ; the skill of bearing arms . Armiferous ( armifer ) one that bears arms or weapons , warlike . Armilet Armollet ( armilla ) a bracelet for the Arm. Armillate ( armillatus ) which hath or weareth bracelets . Arminians ( so called from James Arminius a professor of Divinity at Leyden , who lived about the year 1605. ) a sort of Hereticks , called also Remonstrants ; that hold several erroneous opinions concerning Predestination , the Redemption of man by Christs death , &c. And in some points agree with the ancient Pelagians . Heresiog . Armipotent ( armipotens ) powerful in arms , valiant , couragious . Armomancy ( armomancia ) Divination by the shoulders of beasts . Armoniack ( armoniacum ) a gum issuing from the Cyrenian Ferula , or Fennel-gyant . Armorick ( Armorica ) Brittain in France so called , and the people of that Country are called Armoricans . Arobe , a measure of Sugar among the Portuguese at Brazil , containing 25 of our English Bushels . Heyl. Aromatick Aromatical ( aromaticus ) sweet of savour , odoriferous . Aromatization ( aromatizatio ) among Physitians is defined to be an artificial manner of preparation , whereby medicaments are made more odoriferous and suaveolent , to the better acceptation of the Palate and Heart , and the greater strength and oblectation of the vital and animal faculties . Renodaeus . Aromatize ( aromatizo ) to perfume , season , or annoint with sweet odors or spices . Arpent ( Fr. ) an acre or furlong of ground ; the most ordinary one called L' arpent de France , is 100 Perches square ( or every way ) after eighteen foot to the Perch . This word is found in Dooms day Book . Arquebuse ( Fr. ) a Gun , somewhat bigger then a Musket , a Caliever . Arquebusier ( Fr. ) that serveth with such a Gun. Arquebusade ( Fr. ) a shot with a bullet of an Arquebuse . Arraign , a Prisoner is said to be arraigned , when he is indicted and put to his Trial. Arrearages ( comes of the French Arrierages , i. reliqua ) signifies the remainder of an account , or sum of mony remaining in the hands of an accountant ; it is also used more generally for any mony unpaid at the due time , as arrearages of Rent . Arreptitious ( arreptitius ) caught or tormented by a Devil ; also he that steals or creeps in privily . Arrest ( Fr. ) in the common signification it is well known for a seisure of , or Execution served upon a mans person or goods ; But we sometimes use it ( as the French ) for a Sentence , Decree , Order or final Judgment of a Court. Arrianism , An antient and pestilent Heresie ( hatched by one Arrius a Lybian born ( but a Priest of Alexandria ) who denied the Son to be consubstantial or of the same substance with God the Father , and asserted him a Creature made by God , capable of vice , &c. To beat down which Heresie , the first Council of Nice was called , the Nicen Creed made , and the Clause of one substance with the Father , proved to be consentaneous to the word . To subscribe the Decrees of this Council , Arrius was sent for by the Emperor Constantine ; To whom he went , having written his own heretical Tenets , which he hid in his bosom , and reading before the Emperor the Decrees of the Council , he wrote a Recantation of his heresie , swearing that he meant as he had written ; which words the Emperor referred to the Recantation , but he to the paper of his own Tenets in his bosom : when he had taken this Oath , he went in triumph through the streets of the City , till a necessity of nature enforcing him , he withdrew aside to a house of ease , where he voided out his guts , and sent his Soul as a Harbinger to the Devil , to provide room for his body . Heyl. This Heresie began about the year of Christ 315. in the time of Pope Silvester , and Constantine the great Emperor ; and notwithstanding , Arrius and his deceived complices , were excommunicated by their own Bishop Alexander , upon the first broaching of their Tenets , and that the Heresie was condemned by the aforesaid Council of Nice ; and thirdly , notwithstanding the aforesaid sudden and infamous death of the Author , the heresie died not with him , but did afterwards much spread it self ( by the help of Constantine the Emperor ) through all Christendom , but more in the East , then in the Western Church of God , nor is it to this day quite extinct , divers still adhering to it , especially in Transilvania and the bordering Countries . Arride ( arrideo ) to smile or look pleasantly upon , to shew a liking and consent by gesture , to applaud . Arrision ( arisio ) a smiling upon , an applause . Arriva . See Reevo . Arrogate ( arrogo ) to attribute much to ones self , to boast , to claim more then is due , to presume . Arrogancy ( arrogantia ) pride , presumption , haughtiness . Arsenal ( Fr. Arcenal , Ital. Arsenale ) an Armory or store-house of Armor , Artillery or ships . The Venetians ( saith Heylin ) have an Arsenal , in which are kept 200 Galleys , nigh to which are houses stored with Masts , Sayls , and other Tackling : so that they can speedily set out a great Navy . Arsenick ( arsenicum ) a kind of gold colour called Orpine or Orpiment , others call it Oker : The natural one is of two sorts , the one red , the other yellow . Cotgr. Arseverse ( i averte ignem ) a pretended spell written upon the door of an house , to keep it from burning . 'T is a Tuscan word , quasi Arsurum averte . Arseversie , Preposterously , perversly , the cart before the horse . Artemisean Month , The month of May. Artery ( arteria ) a sinew like a vein , a hollow vessel , in which the spirits of life mixed with blood do pass through the body . All these kinds of veins proceed from the heart , where the vital spirits are made , and are those which pant or beat , called commonly the pulses . Bull. Aorta ( Gr ) the great Artery , the root whereof is fastned to the little grisly bone which is in the heart ; this is called the mother of all other Arteries . Axillar Artery ( arteria axillaris ) the Arm-hole Artery , or a left branch of the Aorta , from which it ascends obliquely towards the Armhole , where , after it hath sent its branches to the higher ribs and other adjacent parts , it descends to the bought of the Cubit . Carotick Artery ( arteria carotica ) issues from the Axillar , and is divided into two branches ; the inward and greater , which goes unto the brain ; the outward , which passes unto the Larinx , tongue , nose , eyes and Muscles of the Temples . Cervical Artery ( arteria cervicalis ) an Artery in the Nape or hinder part of the Neck , issues from the Sous-claviere , and goes thence from the Neck-bone to the brain . Coeliaque Artery ( arteria coeliaca ) is a main branch of the great Artery , from which it descends to the Midriff and intrails . Coronal Arteries , are two little branches of the great Artery , and led by it unto the left ventricle and broad end of the heart . Crotaphique Artery ( arteria crotaphica ) is a great sinew near the Temples . Crural Artery , is the Artery of the Thigh , among whose Muscles it divides it self . Cubical Artery , is a branch of the Axillar . Cystepatique Artery , is a branch of the Coeliaque , and goes to the Liver and Gall. Diaphragmatique Artery , issues from the trunk of the great Artery , and thence goes to the Diaphragma . Epigastrick Artery , is a branch of the Iliack Artery ; and distributes it self among the Muscles of the Epigastrum . Gastripiploique Artery , is a branch of the Coeliaque , whence it goes to the Ventricle and Epiploon . Geminous Arteries ; the twin Arteries , two smal ones which descend to the joynt of the knee , between the processes of the Thigh-bones . Grand Artery . As Aorta . Hypogastrick Artery , is a branch of the Iliack , and distributes it self among the parts of the Hypogastrium . Iliack Artery , is the descendent branch of the great one . Intercostal Arteries , are two ; an upper , which bestows it self among the Muscles that are between the four highest ribs , and an under one , which goes to every Muscle , that is between the rest of the ribs . Lumbarie Arteries , the Loin Arteries , issue from the Aorta unto all the parts of the loyns , giving life to the marrow of the back-bone , and sending as many branches to its joynts , as there be holes in it . Mamillar Artery , the Pap Artery , issues from the trunk of the Aorta . Mesenterique Arteries , are two , an upper , which distributes it self among the small guts , and an under one , which goes to the lower part of the Mesentery . Plantar Arteries , are two branches of the Thigh-Arterie ( which they divide in the middle of the Leg ) an inward one , which descends to the joynt or setting on of the foot , and passing along the sole , ends in five branches , whereof two serve for the great Toe , two for the second Toe , and one for the middle Toe ; the outward ( as the inner ) ends also in five branches , two whereof it bestows on the little Toe , two on the next unto it , and one on the middle one . Privy Artery , issues from the great Arteries descendent branch , and bestows it self among the privities . Radial Artery , A second branch of the arm-hole Artery , whence it bestows it self on the Radius or the upper and greater bone of the Arm. Renal Artery , the Kidney Artery , issues out of the Aorta , and enters into the Kidney , bringing to it the serosity of the arterial blood . Sacred Artery , a branch of the great Arteries descendent branch , goes to the Marrow which is in the Os Sacrum . Sous claviere Artery , the ascendent branch of the great Artery . Spermatique Artery , goes from the body of the Aorta to the Testicles , and there joyns with the vein that governs those parts . Splenitique Artery , is the greatest branch of the Coeliaque , whence it goes to the Spleen and therein ends . Thorachique Artery , the Brest-Artery , issues out of the great Arteries ascendent branch , and goes to the anterior Muscles of the Brest . Venous or Veiny Artery , is one of the three principal ones of the body , issues from the left Ventricle of the heart and carries blood from thence to the Lungs for their nourishment Trachean or Trachian Artery ▪ called also the pipe of the Lungs , is one of the three principal Arteries in the body , and the instrument of breath and voice , it begins at the Larinx , and ends at the Lungs or Lights . Arterial ( arterialis ) of or belonging to the Arteries . Arterious ( arteriosus ) full of Arteries . Arteriotomye ( Gr. ) an incision or cutting of Arteries . Arthritical ( arthriticus ) gouty , diseased in the joynts . Artick . See Arctick Arthur , a Latine name in Iuvenal drawn from the goodly fixed Star Arcturus , and that from Arctus , is the Bear , as Visicinus among the Romans . The famous Arthur made this name first famous among the Britains . Cam. But why may not Arthure be rather a Brittish word composed of Art● , which signifies a Bear , and awr , signifying a man , Vir ? So Arthur , quasi , a man that for his strength and terror may be called a Bear. Articular ( articularis ) pertaining to the joynts . Articulate ( articulo ) to set down articles or conditions of agreement , to joynt or point . Artifex ( Lat. Subst . ) a workman , a craftsman , a cunning artificer , a master of his Art. Artilan or Artist ( Fr. ) idem . Arvisian Vine , ( so called from Arvis ( now Amista ) a mountain in the Island Sio , formerly called Chios , where it is made ) one of the best sorts of Greek wine , thus praised by Virg. Eclog. 3. Ex multo in primis hilarans convivia Baccho , Ante focum , si frigus erit ; si messis , in umbra : Vina novum effundam calathis Arvisia Nectar . Pleasant with plenteous Bacchus , when we feast , By th' fire , if cold : in shades , if heat molest : I Bouls will with Arvisian Nectar fill . The Arval Brothers or Fraternity ( frates arvales ) were twelve Priests among the old Romans , who ( besides the performance of publique Sacrifices ) were appointed Arbitrators or Judges to decide controversies concerning Land-marks , and bounds of the fields , whence they took their name . Godw. Arundiferous ( arundifer ) that bears or brings forth Reeds or Canes . Aruspicy ( aruspicium or Haruspicium ) a kinde of Divination , when men ( by opening and viewing the Bowels of Beasts killed for Sacrifice ) undertook to foretel things to come ; and such persons were called Aruspices , ab aras inspiciendo . Arythmancy . See Arithmancy . Ascalonyte ; Herod , so called because he was born at Ascalon , a Town in Jury . Ascance , a beholding side-ways , or looking on one side . Ascendant ( ascendens ) or Horoscope , is the point of the Ecliptick , arising at some determinate moment of the natural day ; in which the Infant is conceived or born ; ( so called from two Greek Nouns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. Hora , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , scopus ) which is the scope to be aimed at ; for the condition of the whole life is believed to depend on that moment ; and therefore that moment and point of the Ecliptick , is to be proposed and established as the principal scope level'd at in Astrological consideration . Ricciolus in his Almagesto Novo . Ascentive ( from ascendo ) that ascends or climbs up . Ascetike ( from the Greek Ascetes , i. Monachus ) pertaining to a Monastery or place where people give themselves to Meditation or Payer . Sir Ken. Digby's Treatise of Bodies . Asclepiad ( asclepias , adis ) a kinde of verse consisting of a Spondee , a Choriambique , and two Dactyles . Sublimi feriam sidera vertice . Asia , One of the Four parts of the world , bounding towards the East , so called from Asia , Daughter to Oceanus and Thetis , wife to Iapetus , and mother to Prometheus ; It stretches in length about five thousand and two hundred miles , and in breadth four thousand five hundred and sixty ; wherein are contained the several Regions of , 1. Anatolia , 2. Syria , 2. Palestina , 4. Armenia , 5. Arabia , 6. Media , 7. Assyria , 8. Mesopotamia , 9. Persia , 10. Chaldaea , 11. Parthia , 12. Hircania , 13. Tartaria , 14. China , 15. India , 16. the Islands . This part of the world hath worn the Garland of super-eminency . 1. Because here man was created , and put to Till the Land. 2. Here our Saviour Christ was born , wrought his Divine Miracles , and suffered on the Cross for our salvation . 3. Here were done the actions memorized by the Holy Pen-men of the Old and New-Testament . 4. Here were the first Monarchies of the Babylonians , Assyrians , Persians and Medes . 5. This is the common mother of us all , from whence as from the Trojan horse , innumerable Troops of men issued to people the other parts of the uninhabited world . Heyl. Asiatick ( Asiaticus ) pertaining to Asia . Asinine ( asininus ) of or belonging to an Ass . Asmatographers ( asmatographi ) they who sel or make Songs , or Lessons for any instruments . Asmodius ( Gr. ) the Feind of Lechery , or Spirit of Carnality ; Also the name of the Devil , that killed the seven Husbands of Sara the Daughter of Raguel , mentioned in the third Chapter of Toby . Holy Court. Asotu , Intemperate , incontinent , prodigal . Hence perhaps 't is we call a Drunkard a Sot. Aspect ( aspectus ) beholding or viewing , sight , presence or beauty . In Astronomy it signifies the distance between the Planets and heavenly signs : and there are four such Aspects . The first called , a Trine Aspect ( because it divides the Heavens into three even parts ) is the distance of four signs from each other ; as Aries beholds Leo and Sagittarius with a Trine Aspect , because these are distant four signs , the one before , the other after Aries . The second called a Quartile , is the distance of three signs , as Aries beholds Cancer and Capricorn with a Quartile Aspect , because they are distant three signs from him . The third called a Sextile Aspect , is the distance of two signs , as Aries beholds Gemini and Aquarius with this Sextile Aspect , being but two signs distant from them . The fourth , called an Opposite Aspect , is the farthest distant that can be , namely a distance of six signs asunder ; As Aries beholds Libra with this Opposite Aspect , and Libra beholds Aries with the same . The like is of all the other Signs or Planets placed in them . For example , Taurus beholds Cancer and Pisces , with a Sextile ; Leo and Aquarius with a Quartile , Virgo and Capricorn with a Trine , and Scorpio with an Opposite Aspect . The distance of one or five Signs is not called an Aspect . Aspectable ( aspectabilis ) worthy the beholding , or looking on ; visible , that may be seen . Asper , A sort of foreign Coyn , of our money about five farthings ; others say , ten Aspers make but six pence . Asperate ( aspero ) to make sharp , rough , eager , or angry , to make more grievous . Asperity ( asperitas ) sharpness , harshness , unpleasantness , rudeness of manners . Aspernate ( asperno ) to contemn , reject , set light by , or abhor . Aspersion ( aspersio ) a besprinkling , wetting or bedewing ; and by Metaphor , infamy or slander . Asphaltick , Of or belonging to the dead Sea , or Lake called Asphaltites , nigh which once stood the infamous Cities of Sodom and Gomorrha . This Lake has such a bituminous or sulphry strong smell , that no living thing can endure it . Rel. Med. Aspirate or Aspiration ( aspiratio ) a breathing , aspiring or influence ; also the pronouncing a syllable with some more force of breath then ordinary , as we do those that have the Letter H , as have , her , homo , hamus , &c. contrary to which pronunciation is that which has nothing of the sound of H , as are , ear , amo , onus , &c. Asportation ( asportatio ) a carrying or conveying away , a transporting . Assart ( Fr. Essarter ) to glade or make glades in a wood ; also to grub up or clear a ground of bushes , shrubs , &c. or to lop off the boughs of a Tree . Assart is taken for an offence committed in the Forest , by plucking up those woods by the roots , that are Thickets or Coverts of the Forest , and by making them plain , as arable land . Manwoods For. Law. But if a man sue out a Licence to assart his grounds in the Forest , and to make it several for Tillage , then it is no offence . Cow. Assassine ( Ital. Assassino ) a Thief , a Cut-throat , a Murderer ; one that kills another for gain or upon hope or promise of reward ; such a one was he , who murthered the Count of Tripolis in the wars for the Holy Land ; and such a one was he , who so desperately wounded our Edw. 1. at the siege of Ptolemais or Acon . Heyl. Assassinate ( from the Ital. Assassinare ) to murther and rob together . Assation ( assatio ) a roasting ; in Physick , it signifies the coction of medicaments in their own juice . Assault . See Affray . Assectation ( assectation ) an accompanying , following or observing . Assentation ( assentatio ) a flattering , soothing or dissembling . Assertion ( assertio ) an affirmation or avouching ; a procuring of ones liberty . Assessor ( Lat. ) a Councellor , a Judge lateral , an assistant , one that is associate in Office and Authority to another . It is an Officer in an Assembly of Presbyterian Divines , whereof there are two at the least . Assestrix ( Lat. ) a woman which is assistant or sits by another ; a Midwife . Assets ( from the French Assez , i. satis ) signifies in our Common Law , goods enough to discharge that burden , which is cast upon the Executor or Heir , in satisfying the Testators or Ancestors Debts or Legacies . See Brook , titulo , Assets per discent : By whom you shall learn , that whosoever pleads Assets , saith nothing , but that he against whom he pleads , hath enough descended or come into his hands , to discharge that which is in demand . The Author of the new Terms of Law makes two sorts of Assets . Viz. Assets par discent , and enter mains , the former being to be alledged against an heir , the other against an Executor or Administrator . Asseveration ( asseveratio ) an earnest affirming or avouching . Assideans , it is controverted whether they were Pharisees or Essenes , or what they were ; but see Moses and Aaron . p. 33. Assiduity ( assiduitas ) diligence without ceasing , continual attendance , unintermitted sollicitation . Assiduous ( assiduus ) daily , continual , diligent , approved , always at hand . Assignation Assignment ( assignatio ) an appointment or distribution , the passing a thing over to another . Assignee ( assignatus ) is he that is appointed or deputed by another to do any act , or perform any business , or enjoy any commodity . And an Assignee may be either in Deed , or in Law. Assignee in Deed , is he that is appointed by a person : an Assignee in Law , is he whom the Law so makes , without any appointment of the person . Dyer fol. 6. num . 5. Perkins Tit. Grants , saith , that an Assignee is he that useth or enjoys a thing in his own right , and Deputy he that doth it in the right of another . Assimilate ( assimilo ) to liken , resemble or compare . Assimulate ( assimulo ) to feign a thing , to counterfeit , to represent , to set a good face on the matter . Assize ( from the Norman word Assize , and that derived from the Fr. asseoire , i. collocare ) is a word diversly used in our Common Law. Littleton , in the Chapter of Rents , saith it is aequivocal , and sets down three significations of it ; one as it is taken for a Writ ; another as it is used for a Jury ; the third as for an Ordinance . But concerning the General Assizes , take thus much out of Sir Fra. Bacons use of the Law ; all the Counties of this Realm ( saith he ) are divided into six Circuits , and two learned men are assigned by the Kings Commission to every Circuit , and to ride twice a year through those Shires allotted to that Circuit ; these we call Justices or Judges of Assize , who have five several Commissions by which they sit . The first is a Commission of Oyer and Terminer , directed to them and many others of the best account in their Circuits ; but in this Commission the Judges of Assize are of the Quorum , so as without them there can be no proceeding . This Commission gives them power to deal with Treasons , Murders and all manner of Felonies and Misdemeanors whatsoever , and this is the largest Commission they have . The second is a Commission of Goal delivery . That is onely to the Judges themselves , and the Clerk of the Assize associate : and by this Commission they are to deal with every prisoner in the Goal , for what offence soever he be there . The third Commission is directed to themselves only and the Clerk of Assize to take Assizes , by which they are called Justices of Assize ; and the office of these Justices is to do right upon Writs called Assise , brought before them by such as are wronfully thrust out of their Lands . The fourth Commission is to take Nisi Prius directed to none but to the Judges themselves and their Clerks of Assizes , by which they are called Justices of Nisi Prius . The fifth is a Commission of Peace in every County of their Circuit . And all the Justices of the Peace having no lawful impediment , are bound to be present at the Assizes to attend the Judges as occasion shall fall out : if any make default , the Judges may set a Fine upon him at their pleasure and discretions : The Sheriff of every Shire is also to attend in person , or by a sufficient Deputy allowed by the Judges , who may fine him if he fail , &c. See more of this in the Vse of the Law , fol. 13. usque ad 21. Associate ( associo ) to accompany , to joyn in Office , to make fit ; to make ones self companion with another . Assonate ( assono ) to sound together , to answer by sound . Assuefaction ( assuefactio ) a teaching or attaining by use , enurement . Assuete ( assuetus ) accustomed , practised , enured , exercised by long continuance . Assuetude ( assuetudo ) custom , use , continuance , usage . Assumpsit ( the third person of the Preterfect Tense of the Verb assumo , i.e. to take to or upon ones self ) is a voluntary promise made by word , whereby a man assumes or takes upon him to perform or pay any thing to another . This word contains any Verbal Promise made upon consideration ; for a promise without consideration will not in Law bind to performance , but is called , nudum pactum ex quo non oritur actio . Assumption ( assumptio ) a taking to , or upon , a lifting up , an attributing : Also the Minor Proposition in a Syllogism ; As Whatsoever is due by the Law of Nature , cannot be altered . But Allegeance and Obedience of the Subject to the Supreme Power , is due by the Law of Nature : Ergo , it cannot be altered . The first part of this Syllogism is called the Major ; the second , beginning with But , is the Assumption or Minor , and Ergo , makes the Conclusion . Assumptive ( assumptivus ) that takes to himself or promises , or that is lifted up . Asterisque ( Asteriscus ) a little Star , also a figure in writing in form of a star ( * ) shewing want of something , or somewhat to be noted . Asterism ( asterismus ) a constellation or imaginary form of fixed stars . Asthma ( Gr. ) a difficulty of breathing , a disease when ones breath is hindred by some humor . Asthmatical ( asthmaticus ) belonging to that disease , short-winded , pursey . Astipulation ( astipulatio ) an assent , agreement , affirmation , or avowing a thing . Astism ( astismus ) a kind of civil jest , without prejudice or anger . Astrea , Justice ; so called of Astraeus , a most just Prince . Sands . Astragal ( astragalus ) a term of Architecture , and is ( according to Vitruvius , an ancient and famous Author thereof ) a ring or writhen circle to deck or adorn the neck of a column , and is therefore transferred to the canon , agreeing somewhat in shape with the Column or Pillar . Enchirid. of Fort. Astragalize ( astragalizo ) to make or use Astragals : also to play at Dice , Huckle-bones or Tables . Astriction ( astrictio ) a knitting , binding , or fastening to , or together . Astrictive Astringent ( astrictivus ) which hath power to bind or knit unto . Astriferous ( astrifer ) that beareth stars , an Epithete most proper for the Heavens or Sky . To Astringe ( astringo ) to bind fast , to joyn together , to strain , to tie , to knit . Bac. Astroarch ( Gr. ) the Queen of the Planets , the Moon . Astrolabe ( astrolabium ) a flat-round instrument , whereby Astronomers gather the motion and distance of heavenly bodies , and whereby the length , height , and breadth of any other thing may be discerned and found out . Astrology ( astrologia ) is a Science which tells the Reasons of the Stars and Planets motions . Astrology ( says Dr. Bullokar ) doth promise by the motion and influence of Stars and Planets to foretel things to come ; or ( as my Lo. Bac. says ) it professeth to discover the influence and domination of the superior Globe over the inferior ; and therefore may be termed a kind of natural divination , so long as it keeps it self in due limits , and arrogates not too much to its certainty ; into which excess if it once break forth , it can then be no longer called natural Divination , but superstitious and wicked ; for the Stars may incline , but not impose a necessity in particular things . Astrological , pertaining to Astrology . Astrologer ( astrologus ) he that is well skilled in Astrology , or discourseth of the variety of constellations , planetical Aspects , disposing of the Houses ; and by these and their dispositions , conjectures of future occurrences . Astronomy ( astronomia ) a Science that teacheth the knowledge of the course of the Planets , Stars and other celestial motions . This Art seems to be very antient ; for Josephus lib. 1. Antiq. writes that the Sons of Seth , Grand-children to Adam , first found it out ; who hearing Adam foretel the universal Flood which should shortly drown the world , they thereupon erected two great Pillars , engraving in them the Principles of Astronomy , the one of which pillars was of brick , the other of stone , that in case the water should wash away the brick , yet the stone might preserve the knowledge hereof for posterity . Bull. These Pillars were called Enoch , or Enos Pillars . Zoroastes the first King of Bactria ( who reigned in the time of the Assyrian Monarch Ninus . ) is said to have notably augmented or perfected this Science . Astronomical , belonging to Astronomy . Astronomer ( astronomus ) is he who ( as Heylin describes him ) searcheth the reason of the variety of heavenly motions , the diversity of circles , asterisms , risings and settings of Stars and the like . Astute ( astutus ) crafty , cunning , subtile , malicious . Asyle ( Asylum ) a Sanctuary , a defence or place of refuge for offenders . Mont. See Sanctuary . Asymbolike ( asymbolus ) that pays nothing of the shot or reckoning , scot-free . Asymphony ( asymphonia ) a disorder in descant , a disagreeing . Achievment ( Fr. Achevement ) the performance or accomplishment of any gallant exploit , a bringing to perfection ; Also a term of Heraldry , signifying the Arms of any Gentleman , set out fully , with all that belongs to it ; viz. the Supporters , Helmet , Wreath , and Creast , with Mantles and Words ; such as is hung out on the front of a House of any person of quality after his death . Atheism ( Gr. ) the damnable doctrine and opinion of the Atheists , infidelity , the denying of , or not beleiving in God. Atheist ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i.e. Sine Deo , godless ) he that believes there is no God or rule of Religion , and that the Soul dies with the body . Athletike Athletical ( athleticus ) skilful in the art of wrestling , active . Atlantick Sea. i. The Mediterranean Sea , or a part thereof , lying westward , so named from Mount Atlas in Mauritania . Atmosphere ( Gr. ) the Sphear of vapors , or the second Region , being as high in the Air , as the Sun carries any vapors . Atome ( atomus ) a mote flying in the sun-beams ; the least moment of time , or any thing so small that it cannot be made less . Atramental Atramentous ( atramentalis ) belonging to ink , or black as ink . Vul. Er. Atrabilarie ( atra bilis ) that is subject to or troubled with black Choler or melancholy . Atrate ( atratus ) made black , one cloathed in black . Atrocity ( atrocitas ) cruelty , fierceness , outragiousness . Atrophy ( atrophia ) a consumption , that comes by a fearful eating too little , or greedy devouring too much ; want of nourishment . Attacted ( attactus ) touched , or briefly handled . Attainder , from the Fr. Attaindre , i. to attain unto , overtake , catch , or touch , from the Latin attingere , because he that is attainted , is as it were , catched , overtaken and plainly deprehended : for Attainder is a conviction of any person of a crime or fault , whereof he was not convict before : As if a man have committed Felony or Treason , &c. and is thereof indicted , arraigned , found guilty , and hath judgement , then he is said to have an Attainder sued upon him , or he is attainted . Attaque ( Fr. ) an assault , encounter , skirmish , fight ; a violent meeting of two Armies or Enemies . Sir H.B. Voyage into the Levant . Attemperate ( attempero ) to make fit or meet , to aim right . Attenuate ( attenuo ) to make thin or slender , to diminish or make less . Attentate ( attento ) to attempt , assay , or prove , also used substantively . Attestation ( attestatio ) a witnessing , affirming , or testimony . Atticism ( Atticismus ) a phrase or manner of speech of the Athenians : an elegancy of speech . Attiguous ( attiguus ) joyning or touching , by or near unto . Attinge ( attingo ) to touch lightly or softly ; to mention or handle briefly , to reach to , to arrive or come to . Attique or Attick ( Atticus ) pertaining to the Country of Athens , Elegant . Attick Faith , is most firm Faithfulness in keeping promise . Attr●r●d ( from the Lat. Tiara , which is an ornament for the heads of the Persian Kings , Priests , and women ) a term used among Heraulds , when they have occasion to speak of the horns of a Buck or Stag. Attone ( from ad and tonus ) to bring into tune or harmony ; to make a consort or agreement , which we also call an Attonement . Attournment ( from the Fr. tournér . i.e. to turn ) is in our Common Law a yielding of the Tenant to a new Lord , or an acknowledgement of him to be his Lord ( which we usually call to turn Tenant ) for otherwise he that buyes or obtains any Lands or Tenements of another which are in the occupation of a third , cannot get possession ; yet see the Stat. 27. H. 8. c. 16. The words used in attournment are set down in Littleton : I agree to the Grant made to you , &c. But the more common attournment is to say , Sir , I attourn to you by force of the same Grant : or , I become your Tenant , &c. or else deliver to the Grantee a penny , half penny or farthing by way of Attournment . Lit. l. 3. ca. Attournment . whom you may read more at large . Attournment may be made to the Lord himself or to his Steward in Court. Kitch . fo . 70. Attraction ( attractio ) a drawing or pulling unto , a bait or allurement . Attract ( from the Fr. Attraict ) the same . Cressy . Attractation ( attrectatio ) a soft and often handling , or touching , a feeling or medling with . Attribute Attribution ( attributio ) an assignment , delivery or giving unto : also a fit term or title applied to any thing . Attrition ( attritio ) a rubbing , wearing , washing or striking against : In divinity , it is Metaphorically used for that sorrow which a sinner hath for his sins , not being founded principally on the love of God above all things , but in the fear of the pains of Hell , or in the consideration of the foulness of sin , or in some other like thing . It is also called imperfect Contrition . Attrite ( attritus ) worn , wasted , or fretted : or that hath that kind of sorrow above-mentioned . Avarice ( avaritia ) covetousness or greediness , inordinate desire of money , &c. Auctifical ( auctificus ) that makes an encrease or augmentation . Auctive ( auctivus ) encreasing , causing growth . Auctor ( Lat. ) he that encreaseth or augments ; an author or first inventor . Aucupation ( aucupatio ) birding or fowling : also gain , advantage . Audacity ( audacitas ) rashness , boldness , fool-hardiness , sauciness . Audible ( audibilis ) that may be heard , understood or perceived . Audience ( audientia ) the sence of hearing , listning ; sometime it signifies an assembly of people hearkening to something spoken : and when an Embassador delivers his Embassy to a King , we call it , Giving him audience . Auditor ( Lat. ) one that hearkens ; But in the common acceptation it is an Officer to some great personage who does yearly ( by examining the accounts of all Under-officers accountable ) make up a general book , that shews the difference between their receipts and their allowances , commonly called allocations ; As namely , the Auditors of the Exchequer take the Accounts of those Receivers , which receive the revenues of the Augmentation , as also of the Sheriffs , Escheators , Collectors , and Customers , and set them down and perfect them . See Stat. 33 H. 8. cap. 33. Avenage ( Fr. ) a certain quantity of Oats paid to a Landlord in lieu of fome other duties . Cotgr. Avenue ( Fr. advenue ) is the space that is left for passage to and fro , in and out , a Camp , a Garison , or Quarter , when the place is either fortified with a Line of Communication or Barricado's ; an access , passage , or entry into a place . Average ( averagium ) signifies service which the Tenant owes the Lord by horse or carriage of horse . It is also used for a certain Contribution that Merchants and others proportionably make towards their losses , who have their goods cast into the Sea , for the safeguard of the Ship or of the Goods and Lives of those in the Ship , in time of tempest : And this contribution seemes to bee so called , because it is proportioned after the rate of every mans average or goods carried . Averdupois , See Avoir du pois , and see Weights . Avery is the place where Oats or Provender for Horses is kept ; From the Saxon and Belgick Haver , i. Oats , because Oats are the common Provender for Horses . Min. Aver ( from the Fr. averèr ) to justifie , avouch or maintain . Averment , a term in Law , when a Defendant offers to make good or justifie an Exception pleaded in abatement or bar of the Plaintiffs act . New terms of Law. But Cowel rather thinks it should signifie the act then the offer of justifying the Exception ; whom vide . Avernian Avernal ( avernalis ) belonging to the Lake Avernus , or to Hell. Avernus , A Lake not far from the City Cuma in terra di lavoro , anciently called Campania in Italy , the stink whereof killed birds as they flew over it : It was dedicated to Pluto , and is usually taken for Hell. Of which , thus Virgil , Aen. l. 6. Quam super haud ullae poterant impunè volantes Tendere iter pennis , talis sese halitus atris Faucibus effundens supera ad convexa ferebat : Vnde locum Graii dixerunt nomine Avernum . O're which no Fowl unstruck with hasty death , Can stretch her strengthless wings , so dire a breath Mounts high heav'n from black jaws ; the Greeks the same Avernus call , expressed in the name . You may read more of Avernus in Sands his Travels , fol. 280. Averpenny ( quasi average-penny ) is money contributed towards the Kings Averages . Rastal . Averruncation ( averruncatio ) a scraping or cutting off , as men do Vines , a weeding or taking away , an appeasing . Gr. Aversion ( aversio ) a turning or driving away , a hating or disliking . Augmentation ( augmentatio ) increase . The Court of Augmentation was erected 27 H. 8. as appears by chap. 27. of that years Parl. It was so called from the augmentation or increase of the Revenues of the Crown by the suppression of Abbies and Religious houses ; And the Court was ordained , that the King might be justly dealt with , touching the profits of such Religious houses . Cow. For Augmentations to Preaching Ministers , See Acts 1649 , 31. 1650 , 5 , 13. 1654 , 49. Augrime ( algorithmus ) skil in accounting or numbring . Augury ( augurium ) a divination , foretelling or Sooth-saying of things to come , by the chirping , flying , voyces or sitting of Birds : The Professors whereof ( called Augures ) were of great account among the Heathen Romans , insomuch that there was a Colledge of them in the City , neither would the Romans undertake any publick matter of importance without asking their assent . But the vanity thereof was well derided by a wise Jew , named Mossolamus , as Josephus writes : For an Augur in the Wars once requiring that the Army which was then marching might stand still a while , till he took observation of a Bird , thereby to foreknow the success of that Expedition , this Jew ( whilst the Augur was busie in his art ) shot at the bird with an arrow , and by chance killed her ; whereat the Augur and others being highly offended ; Are you so foolish ( quoth the Jew ) to imagine this poor Bird can tell what will happen to us , that could not foresee her own death so near at hand ? They were called Augures , ab avium garritu , from the chirping and chattering of Birds . The Egyptians were the first inventers of this Diabolical superstition . Augurize ( auguro ) to divine , prophecy , foretel or conjecture at things to come by the aforesaid vain observations . Augures-staf , was a crooked wand , which the Augures held in their hand , when they made their divination . &c. The ceremonies whereof , and the words of Augury , you may read in the first part of the Treasury of times , p. 184. August ( augustus ) taken adjectively signifies Royal , Majestical , Imperial , Sacred ; It is a common name of the Emperors among the Latins ( as Pharao was of the Kings of Egypt ) since Octavius Augustus his time , who was the second Emperor of the Romans . In the 41 or 42 year of his reign was born our Saviour Jesus Christ . August also is the name of the Sextile or sixth moneth from March ; which took denomination from the aforesaid Emperor Augustus , because that month he entered into his Consulship , brought Triumphs into Rome , and conquered Egypt . Augustals ( augustalia ) Playes in honor of Augustus . Augustan Confession ( Augustana Confessio ) the Protestant Confession of Faith , so called from the City Ausburgh in Germany , where at a General Diet , appointed the eighth of April 1530. this Confession was presented by the Duke of Saxony and some others to the Emperor Charls the Fifth , &c. Herb. H. 8. Augustine , by the termination of the word is a diminutive from Augustus , out of which it may be properly Englished little Augustus ; It is the proper name of divers men , usually contracted in English into Austin , whereof the most renowned was St. Austin , Bishop of Hippo in Africk , one of the antient Fathers of the Church , a man of a most profound wit and learning , and of a most holy and religious life , after he was converted by St. Ambrose to Catholick Religion , from the Manichaean Heresie . Augustine , or Austin-Friers , are those that observe the aforesaid St. Austins institute of life ; they live in common , serving God day and night , tied by the vows of Poverty , Chastity and Obedience ; of which holy Institute and Vows was Dr. Martin Luther , before he became a Reformer . Answering Augustines , is a phrase used in Oxford where there was a Monastry of these Augustines , who were so eminent for their abilities in disputing , that the University did by a particular Statute , impose it as an exercise upon all those that were to proceed Masters of Art , that they should first be disputed upon by the Augusten-Friars ; which old Statute is still in force , produced at this day for an equivalent exercise . Mr. Fullers Ch. Hist . Augustinians ( not taking name from St. Austin , the Father & Doctor of the Church , but from one Augustine a late Bohemian ) are a branch of those Reformers , ordinarily called Sacramentaries , who had their origin from Andreas Carolostadius about the year of Christ , 1524. These Augustinians ( besides other blasphemies ) held , that Heaven gates were not yet open , but remain shut till the general Resurrection , and last Judgement . Lindanus Dialog . 2. Aviary ( aviarium ) a place where birds are kept , or where birds haunt or use ; a Cage . Avid ( avidus ) desirous , greedy , covetous . Avidity ( aviditas ) desire , earnest , or ardent affection , greediness . Aulnage ( Fr. ) Ell-measure , the measuring with an Ell. Aviso ( Spa. ) an admonition or advice . Aulnegeor or Alnegeor ( from the Fr. aulne . i.e. an Ell ) one that carries or measures with an Ell : an Officer of the King , who by himself or his Deputy in places convenient , looks to the assize of woollen cloth made through the Land , and two Seals for that purpose ordained him , an . 25. E. 3. stat . 4. ca. 1. Also an . 3 R. 2. ca. 2. who is accomptable to the King for every cloth so sealed . Min. Aulick ( aulicus ) belonging to the Hall , or Court , courtly . Aumone ( Fr. aumosne ) the tenure of Land by divine service , was antiently called by this name , Cok. upon Lit. 97. Briton . 164. Auncient Demeasn , Demain or Domain . ( 1. publicum vectigal , or Vetus patrimonium Domini ) signifies in our Common Law , a certain Tenure whereby all the Mannors belonging to the Crown in the days of St. Edward the Saxon King , or William the Conqueror , were held . The number and names of which Mannors as of all other belonging to common persons , he caused to be written into a book ( after a survey made of them ) now remaining in the Exchequer , and called Dooms-day Book , and those which by that Book appear to have belonged to the Crown at that time , and are contained under the title ( Terra Regis ) are called Auncient Demeasn . Kitch . fo . 98. See more in Cowel . Avocation ( avocatio ) a calling away or withdrawing . Avoir-du-pois ( Fr. ) or Avoir-du-poix . i. habere pondus , or justi esse ponderis ) to be of full or due weight : it signifies in our common Law two things : first , a kind of weight , divers from that called Troy weight , which contains but twelve ounces to the pound , whereas this contains sixteen . And in this respect it may probably be conjectured , to be so called , because it is of more weight then the other . Also it signifies such merchandize as are weighed by this weight , and not by Troy weight , as in the Statute of York , an . 9 - E. 3. in Prooem . an . 27. Edw. 3. Stat. 2. ca. 10. & an . 2. Rich. 2. ca. 1. See weights . Avowry or Advowry ( from the French , advouer , alias avouer ) and signifies as much as a justifying or maintaining an act formerly done . For example , one takes a distress for rent , or other thing , and he that is distreyned sues a Replevin ; now he that took the distress , or to whose use the distress was taken by another , justifying or maintaining the act , is said to avow , and that is called his Avowry . Terms of the Law. Auricle ( auricula ) a little ear . Auricular ( auricularis ) belonging to , or spoken in the ear . As auricular Confession , is that which is made in private to the Ghostly Father , none hearing but himself , opposite unto publick Confession , which is made in the hearing of many . Auricular vein , is the ear vein , which runs up by the kernels under the ear ; Chyrurgeons open it against deafness , pain and ulcerations of the ears . See in Vein . Auriferous ( aurifer ) that bears or brings gold . Auriflambe . See Oriflambe . Aurigation ( aurigatio ) the driving or guiding a Cart or Coach. Aurigraphy ( aurigraphia ) a writing or graving in gold . Aurist ( from Auris ) one that hath skill in curing diseases in the ear , or imperfections in hearing . Aurora ( Gr. ) the morning , or break of day , quasi aurea hora , or aurae hora , the hour when it begins to shine , or be light . Aurum-votabile , is liquor of gold , without any corrosive , which very few know , yea , of those who daily prepare it , rather to the destruction , then health of men . Chym. Dict. Auscultation ( auscultatio ) a giving ear or obeying , a hearkening . Auspical ( auspicalis ) pertaining to Soothsaying or Divination by the flight of birds . Auspices ( auspicia ) were properly the observation of Birds , either by their singing and flying in the air , or by their gesture and manner of feeding in the Coop , whereby their Augurs and Pullarij pretended to know the will of the gods , whether they favored their enterprise or no. The Birds that gave sign by their voice and singing , they called Oscines , quasi ore canentes : Those that gave it by their flight and wings , were named Alites or Praepetes . And they were called Auspices that did foretel things by beholding the flight of birds , and were so denominated ab aves aspiciendo . Auspicious ( auspicatus ) happy , bringing good luck . Austerity ( austeritas ) sharpness , vigorousness , rudeness . Austral ( australis ) Southern or partaining to the South . Australize , to go , turn or bend towards the South , also to come from the South . Br. Austromancy ( austromantia ) is a kind of invented superstition , concerning the observation of windes ; as when they break forth into great vehemency , contrary to their custom , whence men , that are more idle then rational , pronounce a presage of something to come . Chym. Dict. Autarchy ( Gr. ) a Government by one alone , without help . Authentick ( authenticus ) that which is allowed , or hath just authority , the original . Autology ( Gr. ) speaking of or to ones self . Br. & How. Autogeneal ( Gr. ) self-begotten . Autocrasie ( Gr. ) self-subsistence , a being able to subsist of ones self . History of K. Charles . Autograph or Autographical ( autographus ) that which is of the Authors own hand writing . Rushworths Dialogues . Automatous Automatarian ( automatarius ) of or belonging to the art of making Clocks , or such things as seem to move of themselves . Autome ( automatum ) an instrument , or artificial body ( made by Daedalus , or any other of like skill ) which moves alone without the help or support of any other thing ; a self-moving instrument . Autonomy ( autonomia ) liberty to live after ones own Laws . Autopsie ( Gr. ) self-sight , or beholding . Autoptical ( from autopsia ) a self-beholding , confirming by once own sight . Autotheism ( Gr. ) the being of God , of himself , or not from another ; Calvins autotheism signifies that point of Doctrine held by Calvin ; which is , That God the Son is not Deus de Deo , God from God , whereas the Nicen Creed saith , He is so . Autumnal ( autumnalis ) belonging to harvest or Autumn , which is from the sixth of August to the sixth of November , and is one of the four Quarters of the year ; Others reckon Autume to begin at the Aequinoctium . i.e. about the twelfth of September , and to end at the Solstice or shortest day , about the eleventh of December . Auturgie ( auturgia ) a working with ones own hand . Auulsion ( avulsio ) a plucking away , or from . Auxiliare ( auxilior ) to help , aid , or supply , to heal , or give cure . Auxiliary ( auxiliarius ) that cometh to aid , help , or supply . Auxiliary Forces , were such as the neighbor or confederate Counties did send to the Romans ; or certain additional Forces , besides the standing Army . Axillary ( axillaris ) belonging to the Arm-hole , or Arm-pit . Axillary Vein . See in Vein . Axillar Artery . See in Arterie . Axiomancy ( axiomantia ) divination or witchcraft done by Hatchets . Axiome ( axioma ) a maxim or general ground in any Art : a Proposition or short Sentence generally allowed to be true , as in saying , the whole is greater then its part . Axicle ( axiculus ) a little shingle or board , a latch , a pin that a pully runs on . Axis ( Lat. ) an Axeltree , the Diameter of the World , that is , an imagined line reaching from one Pole to another ; the Pole Artick , or Antarctike . Azamoglaus , The Turks Janizaries before they be enrolled in pay , so called . Aziminth● or Azimuths , great circles meeting in the Zenith or vertical point , and passing through all the degrees of the Horizon . Azimuthal , belonging thereto . Azure , a fair light blew , or sky colour , so named from the Arabian word Lazul , which is the same . It betokens to the bearer a zealous mind . Azyms ( azymus ) unleavened , sincere , unmingled . Azymes ( Gr. ) was a solemnity of seven days among the Jews , in which it was not lawful to eat leavened bread ; The Pasche or Easter of the Jews . B BAal ( Hebr. ) a Lord , a Master , Husband , or Patron : It was a common name whereby the Heathens called their gods , 2 King. 1 , 2. Judg. 8.33 . Baal and Moloch are taken to be one and the same Idol . See Moses and Aaron , p. 143. Whom the Hebrews called Baal , the Babylonians called Bel. p. 153. Baal-Zebub . See Bel-zebub Babef ( in Hebr. it signifies confusion ) was an antient City of Chaldea in Mesopotamia , famous for the confusion of Languages , which there happened : For immediately after the universal Deluge , Nimrod the son of Chus , the son of Cham , perswaded the people ( as some Authors surmise ) to secure themselves from the like danger by building some stupendious Edifice , which might resist the fury of a second Deluge . This counsel was generally embraced , Heber onely and his family contradicting such an unlawful attempt ; the major part prevailing , the Tower began to rear a head of majesty 5164 paces from the ground ( says Isidore ) having its basis and circumference equal to the height . But God beholding from high this fond attempt , sent among them ( who before were one Language ) a confusion of seventy two Tongues , which hindered the proceeding of this building , one not being able to understand what his fellow called for . Bring me ( quoth one ) a Trowel , quickly , quick , One brings him up a hammer ; how this brick ( Another bids ) and then they cleave a Tree . Make fast this rope , and then they let it flee . One calls for Planks , another Mortar lacks ; They bring the first a stone , the last an Axe . Du-Bartas . Thus being compelled to desist from so unlucky an enterprize , they greedily sought out such as they could understand , with whom consorting themselves they forget their former acquaintance , and now are divided into seventy two different Nations , comprehending about 24000 men , besides women and children , Gen. 10.10 . The City Babel or Babylon ( howsoever the Tower was hindred ) went forward and was finished an . mun . 1960. the out-walls were built by Q. Semiramis ; it contained in compass 60 miles , it had 100 gates , the walls were in height 200 ( some Writers say 300 ) foot , in breadth 75 , and the River Euphrates passing through the midst of it . 1. part . of the Tr. of Times , p. 142. Hence t is we use Babelish for confused ; and Babylonical for magnificent or costly , and to Bable , or babble , to twattle , or speak confusedly , which word Bable Verstegan urges as a proof that our old Saxon Language is as antient as the Tower of Babel . p. 147. Bacchanalize ( from Bacchus ) to rage , play mad pranks , fare like mad men , as the Priests of Bacchus were wont to do , when they celebrated his Feasts . Bacchanals ( Bacchanalia ) the places where the Feasts of Bacchus or Bacchanalian feasts were solemnized in riot and drunkenness . Also the Feasts themselves or time when they were kept , i. at Shrovetide . Sometimes also deboisht drunkards , men and women are called Bacchanals . Baccharach , A City standing on the banks of the River Rhyne in Germany , so called quasi Bacchi ara ; in ancient time there was an Altar erected to the honor of Bacchus , in regard of the richness of the wines which are made there , and therefore called bachrag or baccharach ; vulgarly , Rhenish wines . Bacchation ( bacchatio ) riot , drunkenness . Bacchean ( baccheus ) belonging to Bacchus the God of wine , drunken , sottish . Bacciferous ( baccifer ) that beareth berries . Bachyllion , a song or dance , which seems to take name of Bachyllus , a famous Tragaedian Poet , who devised and practised it ; as Piladion , of Pilades , as notable a Comedian . Plutarch . Badget ( cometh of the Fr. bagage . i. Sarcina ) one that buics corn , salt or other victual in one place to transport to another for gain . Also a beast so called . Bagatel ( Fr. bagatelle ) a toy , trifle , or thing of no value . Mr How. Balatron ( balatro ) a Babler , or vain-talking fellow , a Prater or vile Knave . Baile ( from the Fr. Bailler . i. attribuere , tradere , tribuere ) is used in our Common Law properly for the freeing or setting at liberty one arrested or imprisoned upon action either civil or criminal , under surety taken for his appearance at a day and place certainly assigned . Bract. lib. 3. cap. 8. num . 8. & 9. The reason why it is called bayl is , because by this means the party restrained is delivered into the hands of those that bind themselves for his forth-coming . There is both common and special bayl ; common bayl is in actions of small prejudice , or slight proof , in which case any Sureties are taken ; whereas upon cases of greater weight special bail or Surety must be given , as Subsidy men at the least , and they according to the value . See the difference between bail and mainprize in Manwoods Forest Law. pag. 267. Bain ( Fr. ) a Bath , Stew , or hot-house . Baisemains ( Fr. ) kissing of the hand , humble service . Balasse ( Sax. ) ballast or ballance , Gravel or any thing of weight laid in the bottom of Ships to make them go upright . Balcone ( Ital. balcon ) a bay window , much used in our new buildings , and therefore needs no further explanation . Balcors . See Conders . Bale ( Fr. ) a pack or certain quantity of merchandize , as a bale of Spicery , or of Books . Balk ( Sax. ) a little peece of ground in arable land , which by mischance the Plough slips over , and leaves unplowed , a ridge between two furrows . Ballista ( Lat. ) an ancient warlike Engin to cast or shoot darts or stones , to batter and shake City walls , made with ropes of sinews and womens hair twined together : As appears by Venus Calva at Rome , to whom , by reason the women of the City parted with their hair for that purpose , a Temple was dedicated . The form of this Engin you may read in Godwin's Anthology , lib. 4. cap. 3. Ballon ( Fr. ) a great Ball , which they use at a sport so called in Italy ; also the round Globe or top of a Pillar . Ballotation , a kinde of casting lots , or a making election by Balls , as in Venice at the choice of their Grand Duke . Balme , a precious juyce or liquor , otherwise called Balsamum , or Opobalsamum ( from the Hebr. Bagnal Shemen ) It drops ( by cutting ) out of a little low plant ( about a yard high ) having leaves like Rue , but whiter , which grows in Egypt , and some places of the Holy Land. This juyce is somewhat like oyl , but more clammy , and inclining to a certain redness . It has a strong smell , and is not pleasant in taste . Being put in a vessel of water it will sink down to the bottom like a round pearl without breaking , and may be taken up again with the point of a knife . It is an excellent Medicine to take any scar out of the body , and for divers other purposes , but very costly and rarely gotten . Saladinus writes that there was but one Vineyard of these in the whole world , and that belonged to the Great Turk . Bull. Balneary ( balnearium ) a bathing place . Balnearion ( balneatio ) a bathing . Balneator ( Lat. ) a Master or Keeper of a Bath or Stew. Balthasar ( Hebr ) signifies , Scarcher of treasure , or without treasure ; This was the name of one of the Magi , or wise-men , vulgarly called the three Kings of Collein , who came out of the East to worship our Saviour . The first of them , called Melchior , an old man with a long beard , offered gold , as to a King : The second called Jasper , a beardless young man , offered Frankincense , as unto God : The third called Balthasar , ( a Blackmore with a spreading beard ) offered Myrrhe , as to a man ready for his Sepulchre . Tres Reges Regi regum tria dona ferebant ; Myrrham homini , uncto aurum , thura dedere Deo : Tu tria fac itidem dones pia munera Christo , Muneribus gratus si cupis esse tuis . Pro myrrha lacrymas , auro cor porrige purum , Pro thure ac humili pectore funde preces . Thus in English . Three Kings , the King of Kings three gifts did bring ; Myrrh , Incense , Gold , as to God , Man , and King. Let three pure gifts be likewise giv'n by thee To Christ , even such as acceptable be . For Myrrh , tears ; for Frankinsence impart Submissive prayers ; for pure Gold , a pure heart . See Vul. Errors , fol. 353. and Sands Travels . 181. Baltick-Sea ( so called from a great Peninsula formerly called Baltia now Scandia ) is that which begins at the narrow passage called the Sound , interlaceth Denmark , Swedland , Germany , and Poland , and extends even to Livonia and Lituania . The reasons why this Sea being so large does not ebb and flow , are first , The narrowness of the Streight , by which the Ocean is let into it . And secondly , The Northern situation of it , whereby the celestial influences produce therein the lesser operation . Heyl. Ban●iti ( Ital. ) Out-laws , Rebels , Fugitives , condemned by Proclamation ; Bando in Ital. signifying a Proclamation . These in the Low-Countries are called Freebooters ; in Germany , Nightingales ; in the North of England , Moss-Troopers ; in Ireland Tories . Banderol or Bannerolle ( Fr. Banderolle ) a little flag or streamer , or a Pennon worn on the top of a Horsemans Launce ; A Cornet-Devise . Bandle , an Irish measure of two foot in length . Banes or Bans ( from the Fr. Ban ) signifies a Proclaming or publick notice of any thing . The word is ordinary among the Feudists , and grown from them to other uses ; as to that , which we here in England call a Proclamation , whereby any thing is publickly commanded or forbidden . But it is used more especially in publishing matrimonial contracts in the Church before marriage , to the end if any man can say any thing against the intention of the parties , either in respect of kindred , or otherwise , they may take their exception in time . Cow. But Mr. Sumner derives it from the Saxon Abannon . i. to publish . See his Sax. Dict. verbo . Abannon . Bangue , A kind of drink in the Oriential Countries , as Cambaia , Calicut , Marsingha , which is rare and precious , it is said ( like the poets Nepenthe ) to provoke pleasing dreams . How. Bank ( Sax. Banc ) a bank or hillock ; also a Bench , high seat or Tribunal , and is properly applied to the Court of Common-Pleas , because the Justices of that Court in legal Records are termed Iusticiarii de Banco . Coke on Lit. l. 2. c. 3. sect . 96. And the Proceedings of that Court are said to be in Communi Banco . There is another Court formerly called the Kings-Bench ( now the Vpper-Bench ) because the Records of that Court are stiled Coram Rege , and because Kings in former time did often sit there in person . Banner ( Hebr. ) an Ensign or standard for war ; some derive it from the Brit. Ban , which signifies a high place , because Banners are wont to be set on a high place , or carried on high . Baptism ( from the Gr. B 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. a washing with water , or diving over the head ) is one of the Sacraments instituted by our Saviour Christ in remedy against Original sin in the Law of Grace , as Circumcision was the remedy against that sin in the Law of Moses . Before Christs institution of this Sacrament John Baptist did baptize unto penance , but his Baptism was not a Sacrament . In Authors you may read of three sorts of Baptism , which Divines call , Baptismus fluminis , of water , which is the already mentioned ; Baptismus flaminis , of the Spirit , which is contrition of heart , with desire of the Sacrament of Baptism ; And Baptismus sanguinis , of blood , which is martyrdom . The custom of the Primitive Church was to have God-Fathers and God-Mothers in the administration of the Sacrament of Baptism ; their Office was not onely to be Witnesses of the Baptism , or to speak or answer for the baptized ; but also to undertake a charge of instructing or seeing him instructed in the true Religion in due time . Baptist ( baptista ) a name of excellency given to Saint John , that had the honor of baptizing our Saviour Christ in Jordan , and who first baptized . Baptistery ( baptisterium ) a Font to baptize in , a Bath , a vessel to wash the body in . Baptization ( baptizatio ) a washing , a watering , or baptizing . Barbarism ( barbarismus ) a fault in the pronouncing , tone or accent of words ; rudeness of speech or behavior . Barbican or Barbicane ( French Barbicane ) an out-work in any building ; also a Wall or Bulwark before or over a Wall , breast-high , to defend from the enemies shot . Some take it for a Sentinels house , or Scout-house ; Chaucer useth the word Barbican , for a Watch-Tower : Hence Barbican by Red-cross-street in London is thought to take its denomination Barbitist ( barbitista ) a Lutinist , or one that plays on the Lute . Bards ( from the old British Bardo ) the antient Poets of the Britans . Bardus , according to Pompeius Festus , Gallicè cantorem significat , qui virorum fortium laudes canit . Diod. Sicul. lib. 5. calls them Factores cantionum ; And Lucan ( lib. 1. ) Poetas sive vates . Vos quoque qui fortes animas , belloque peremptos Laudibus , in longum , vates , dimittitis aevum , Plurima securi fudistis carmina Bardi . In Wales , of old , the Bards did also keep the Ensigns , Arms and Genealogies of the Nobility . See more in the Laws of Howel Dha . Barkary , a house where they put bark of trees ; a Tan-house . Barnard . See Bernard . Barn ( Sax. Bearn ) a child . Hence t is we say in the North of England , how do Wife and Barnes , i. How do Wife and Children ? Barnabas or Barnaby ( Hebr. ) Son of the Master , or Son of comfort . Baroco , The name of a Syllogistical Mood in Logick , wherin the first Proposition must be an universal Affirmative , and the other two Negatives . Barricado ( Spa. Barracada , Fr. Barricade ) a warlike defence of empty barrels and such like vessels fill'd with earth against an enemies shot or assault . It was so called because it was made of those vessels , which the French call Bariques , i. a vessel bigger then our Barrel . Barettor or Barrator ( Fr. Barateur , i. a deceiver ) in our Common Law , is a common wrangler , that sets men at odds , and is himself never quiet , but at variance with one or other : but Skene ( de verh . signif . verbo Barratry ) saith Barraters are Symonists , and so called from the Italian ( barrataria ) signifying corruption or bribery in a Judge giving a false Sentence for money . Barratrie or Barrataria , any kind of Simony , especially in obtaining the right of Benefices . Socinus Reg. 55. Baldus in Consilio , 21. par . 5. Barriers ( from the Fr. Barres ) signifies with us that which the Fr. call ( jeu de Barres , i. palaestram ) a martial sport or exercise of men armed and fighting together with short swords , within certain limits or Lists , whereby they are severed from the beholders . This exercise was formerly much in request in England , but now is laid aside . Barristers or Baristers may be said to be of two sorts 1. The outward or Vtter Baristers , are such , as ( for their long study and great industry bestowed upon the knowledge of the Common Law , which must be for seven years space at least ) are called out of their contemplation to practice , and in the face of the world to take upon them the protection and defence of Clients causes . These always plead without the Bar , and are in other Countries called Licentiati in Jure , howbeit in modesty they at first continue themselves hearers for some years , like the Scholars of Pythagoras , that for the first five years never adventured to reason or discourse openly upon any point of their Masters Doctrine . 2. The Inner Baristers are those who are admitted ( as a mark of respect ) to plead within the Bar ; such are King , Queen , or Princes Attorney , Sollicitor or Serjeants , or any of the Kings Council . But at the Rolls and some other inferior Judicatures , all Lawyers of the degree of the Bench are admitted within the Bar See Mootmen , and Apprentice . Bartholmew ( Heb. ) the Son of him that makes the waters to mount , that is , of God , which lifts up the mind of his Teachers , and drops down water ( Szegedinus . ) Cam. Bascuence ( Spa. Basceuenca ) the Language of the Country of Biscay in Spain . Basate ( basio ) to kiss or salute . Bashaw or Bassa a Nobleman or great Commander over Souldiers among the Turks . Basil or Basilical ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Rex ) Royal , Kingly , Magnificent . Basilisk vein . See Vein . Basilisks ( basilicae ) were stately Edifices or Halls at Rome , at first serving to plead in under Covert , wherein they differed from Fora , and also to administer Justice ; of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies a Judge , as well as a King ; but afterwards they used to meet there in consultation , and to negotiate and traffick ; and these had not onely Benches and Bars like Law-Courts , but shops also , for the better sort of Wares and Merchandize . Livie . Basis ( Lat. ) the ground or foundation of any thing ; the foot of a Pillar . Bastardy ( comes of the Brit. Bastardo , i. Nothus ) and signifies in our Common Law , a defect of birth objected to one begotten out of wedlock . Bracton lib. 5. c. 19 , per totum . Bastilie or Bastilde ( Fr. ) the Fortress or Fortification termed a Bastillion or Bastile ; In Paris la Bastille , is as our Tower , the cheif Prison of the Kingdom , and the cheif Fortress of that City . Bastion ( Fr. ) a Bulwark or Fortress ; the fortification called a Cullion-head . Baston ( Fr. ) a staff , batt , or cudgel . It signifies in the Statutes of this Nation one of the Warden of the Fleet 's Servants or Officers , that attended the Kings Court , with a red staff , for the taking such to Ward , as were committed by the Court. So it is used an . 1. R. 2. c. 12. & 5. Eliz. c. 23. Bastonado ( Spa. Bastonada ) a banging or cudgeling . Batable ground , was the land lying between England and Scotland , heretofore in question , when they were distinct Kingdoms , to which it belonged . An. 23. Hen. 8. c. 16. as if we should say debatable ground , for by that name Skene calls ground that is in controversie between two . Battavians ( Batavia ) people of Germany inhabiting Holland , Hollanders . 〈…〉 ( Fr. Battaillon , Span. Battallon ) the main Battel , or a great Squadron of Foot-men appointed to fight , so called by the Switzers and Italians , being ( after the Greek Phalanges or the Roman Legions ) of between six and eight thousand Souldiers . Min. Battolgy ( battalogia ) a vain repetition of words , babling . Bawdrick , an old fashion Jewel that women did wear . Baudkin . See Tinsel . Beatifical ( beatificus ) that makes happy or blessed . To Beatify ( beatifico ) to make happy or blessed . Beatitude ( beatitudo ) blessedness , happiness , prosperity . The eight Beatitudes are abstractedly thus ; 1. To be poor of spirit . 2. Meek . 3. Mourn . 4. To hunger and thirst after Justice . 5. To be Merciful . 6 Clean of heart 7. Peace-makers . 8. To suffer persecution for Justice . Which see at large in St. Matth cap. 5. They are called Beatitudes , because the Scripture says , Beati qui , &c. they are blessed that are in any of those states . Beatrice ( beatrix ) that makes happy or blessed ; a womans name . Beavis , may seem probably to be corrupted from the name of the famous Geltique King Bellovesus . The French having made in like sort Beauvis of the old City Bellouacum . In both these is a significancy of beauty . In later times Bogo hath been used in Latin for Beavis . Camden . Beazar-stone ( breeds in the Maw of the Goat called a Beazar ) and is much used in Physick as a Cordial , but there are several kinds of it . Bec. See Bek . Bechical ( bechicus ) pertaining to a Cough . Beco●●a● , Signifies money paid for the maintenance of Beacons . Bede Beade ( Sax. ) he that prays , or a devout man , as Eucherius or Eusebius in Greek : we retain still Bedema● or Bedesma● in the same sense ; and to say our Bedes , is to say our prayers . Camden . Bede was also the name of a most learned English Monk commonly mentioned with the Epithete Venerable , which was a title given him even in his life time , for his eminent learning , gravity , and sanctity of life ; he lived in a Monastery near Newcastle upon Tine in the seventh age , dying about the year of Christ 734. he wrote a multitude of Books , the Catalogue whereof may be seen in Dr. Pits De illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus . Bedpheere ( Sax. ) a Bed-fellow . Beemol ( Fr. ) the flat key in Musick . Bac. Bede-roll ( Sax. ) is a roll or list of such as Priests were wont to pray for in Churches . Bedle or B●●el ( Sax. B●del , or from the Heb. Badhal ) because they separate the good from the bad , or beggars from rich men . Bedlem . See Bethlem . Begletbeg ( i. the Lord of Lords ) a Vice-Roy or supreme Commander under the Great Turk , that commands both the Sansiakes and Bassa's ; of these there are onely two , the one of Greece , the other of Natolia , and are by the Turks called Rumely . In the Persian tongue it signifies a Marquess . Herb. Beguines , an order of Nuns or religious women , who are commonly all old or well in years . Cot. Bek or Bec , a Phrygian word , signifying bread . Herodotus declares lib. 2. that Psammeticus a King of the Egyptians , was desirous on a time to make trial what language a Childe would naturally speak , being brought up among dumb people , or where no speech should be heard , to the end he might judge thereby , what was the most antient and natural Language ; and did therefore cause two children to be nursed in a Forest , where no voice of man could be heard ; after four years were past , being brought before the King they could sometimes pronounce this word Bec , whereupon some gathered that the Phrygian was the first language of man. But ( as St. Augustine saith ) these children might have learned the word Bec ( and so retained it ) of Goats , among which they were nourished . For , as he shews in his Work of the quantity of the Soul , all manner of speaking is by hearing and imitation . Notwithstanding he believes that ( before the confusion of Tongues at Babel ) the Hebrew Language was natural to all . Aug. in Civit. Dei lib. 16. cap. 11. Beck ( Danish Becc ) a Brook in Yorkeshire . Bed-rid or Bed-red ( Sax. ) Bedreda ) one so weak by sickness or old age , that he cannot rise from his bed . Beest or Beestings , quasi breastlings , the first milk that comes from the Teat , after the birth of any thing . Min. Behiram , A Feast among the Turks , wherein they pardon all injuries . H. Court. To Belage , is a Sea-term , and signifies to make fast any running Rope , when it is hailed as much as you would ; so that it cannot run forth again , till it be loosed . Bel-videre , The Popes Palace in Rome , so called ; the word signifies fair to see , or pleasant to behold . As Belvoir Castle in Lincolnshire the noble Seat of the Earl of Rutland also doth . Bel , In the Chaldean tongue signifies the Sun ; and therefore Ninus and Semarimis gave that name to their Father Bel or Belus , that he might be honored as the Sun , which the Babylonians worshipped as a God. Bel also is a contract of Behel , which comes of Bahal , a Lord : it was not onely the particular Idol of the Babylonians , but a general name of the Idols in the East , agreeing to all the Idols of the Gentiles , as some write , Jer. 9 , 5. 1 King. 18 , 25. Bellacity ( bellacitas ) warlikeness . Belgick Belgian ( belgicus ) pertaining to the Low-Countries or Netherlands , called Belgia . Belial ( Heb. ) a wicked unprofitable fellow , one without yoke , and is many times taken for the devil . Bellatrice ( bellatrix ) a warrioress , a woman well skilled in war , a virago . Bellicose ( bellicosus ) valiant in arms , warlike , apt to war. Belligerate ( belligero ) to make war , to fight . Bellipotent ( bellipotens ) mighty in wars , puissant at Arms. Bellitude ( bellitudo ) fairness . Bellona , The Goddess of War. Belluine ( belluinus ) of or belonging to beasts , beastly , cruel . Belomancy ( Gr. ) a Divination by Arrows . Vul Er. Belzebub or Beelzebub ( Heb. ) signifies an Idol of flies , or the flye-God , worshipped by the Cyreneans , and Ekronites ; but it is commonly used for the Prince or chief of the Devils . As in Luk. 11.15 . In Beelzebub Principe Daemoniorum ejicit Daemonia . See Mr. Cowels notes on his Poems . p. 30. Benet ( contracted from Benedictus ) blessed or happy ; a mans name . Benedict ( benedictum ) a good saying , an honest report . Benjamin ( Heb. ) the son of the right hand , or filius dierum . Philo. Benedictines or Benedictine Monks , a sort of Religious persons so called , from St. Benedict , who was born at Nursia in Vmbria , An. 482. he gathered the Monks of Italy together , and gave them a rule in writing . Their habit is a loose Gown of black , their under Garment white woollen , their Crowns shaven . Of this antient Order have been above fifty Popes , and at least 200 Cardinals , &c. Benefact ( benefactum ) a good deed or benefit . To Be-negro , to make black , or of the nature of Negroes . Benemerent ( benemerens ) that deserves well . Beneplacity ( beneplacitum ) that which pleaseth well , good liking . Benevolent ( benevolens ) favourable , bearing good will ▪ friendly . Benificence ( beneficentia ) liberality , well-doing . Bention , blessing . Chaucer . Bernard or Barnard ( Germ. ) St. Bernards Cluniac Monks draw it from Bona nardus by allusion ; some turn it hard child . If it be derived ( as the Germans will have it ) from Bearne , which signifies a bear , it is answerable to Arthur ; others yet more judicially translate Bernard into filialis indoles , child-like disposition towards Parents , as Bernher , Lord of many children . Cam. Verstegan says , the true Orthography is Beornhart , and by corruption Bearnheart , i.e. Bears-heart . Bernardines . See Cistercians . Berry or Bury ( Sax. ) a dwelling place or Court ; The chief house of a Mannor , or the Lords seat is so called in some parts of England to this day , especially in Herefordshire , where there are the Berries of Luston , Stockton , &c. Besant . See Bizantine . Besestain , an Exchange or the chief Market-place among the Turks . See Bisestano . Bethlem or Bedlem ( from the Hebrew , Beth-e-ehem ; i. Domus panis , a house of bread ) a place where mad people are kept : or the Bed or Chamber whereon they fling and tumble themselves . the Hospital so called without Bishopsgate was founded by Simon Fitz-Mary Sheriff of London . An. 1246. Stow. Bethlemites , an order of religious persons , that wore a star with five raies on their backs , and had a Covent in Cambridge , but continued not long . Mat. Paris in An. 1247. Beverage ( Fr. Beuvrage ) drink . Bezants ( Fr. Bezans ) in Blazon , they must ever be round , whole , and of metal . See Bizantine . Bezil , That part of a Ring or Jewel , in which the Stone or Signet is set , is called the Collet , and the upper part of the Collet which fastens and encompasseth the Stone , is the Bezil . Bibacity ( bibacitas ) great or couragious drinking or quaffing . Bibliographer ( bibliographus ) a writer of Books , a Scrivener . Bibliotheque ( bibliotheca ) a Library or study of Books . Bibliopolist ( bibliopola ) a Book-seller . Bice , a fine blew colour used by Painters . There is also green Bice . Bicolor ( Lat. ) of two colours , party-coloured , changeable . Bicipital Bicipitous ( from biceps , itis ) that hath two heads , divided into two parts or two tops . Bicornous ( bicornis ) that has two horns or corners , forked , divided into two . Bid-ale , is when an honest man decayed in his estate , is set up again by the liberal benevolence and contribution of friends at a Feast ; to which those friends are bid or invited . Most used in the West of England , and in some Counties called a Help-ale . Bidental ( Lat. ) a place where they used to sacrifice sheep , where any place was blasted with lightning ; whatsoever is striken with lightning . Also any instrument with two teeth ; a fork . Biennial ( biennis ) of two years continuance , two years old . Bifarious ( bifarius ) that which may be spoken two ways . Biformed ( biformis ) that hath two shapes , forms or faces . Biferous ( bifer ) that bears fruit twice a year . Bifront ( bifrons ) which hath two foreheads . Bifurcous ( bifurcus ) which hath two forks . Bigamist ( bigamus ) he that hath married two wives , of which sort Lamech was the first . Bigamy ( bigamia ) the marriage of two wives ; It is used in our Common Law for an impediment to be a Clerk , and makes a prisoner lose the benefit of the Clergy . For the Canonists hold , that he that has been twice married may not be a Clerk ; and they ground it upon these words of St. Paul , 1 Tim. 3.2 . Oportet ergo Episcopum irreprehensibilem esse , & unius uxoris virum . And also him that hath married a widow , they by interpretation take to have been twice married , and both these they not onely exclude from Holy Orders , but deny all priviledges of Clergy ; but this Law is abolished by Anno 1. Ed. 6. cap. 12. And to that may be added the Statute of 18 Eliz. cap. 7. which allows to all men , that can read as Clarks , though not within Orders , the benefit of Clergy in case of Felony , not especially excepted by some other Statute . Cowel . Bigat ( bigatus ) was a piece of Roman silver Coyn , so called of Bigia a Chariot , drawn with two horses , stamped upon the one side , and it was the same with Denarius . Livie . Bigot ( Fr. ) an hypocrite , or one that seems much more holy then he is ; also a scrupulous or superstitious fellow . Sir K. Digby's Treatise of Bodies . Bilaws , are Orders made in Court-Leets , or Court-Barons by common Assent for the good of those that make them , farther then the publick Law binds . Coke Vol. 6. fol. 63. a. Kitchin fol. 45. & 79. Bilboblade , from Bilboa a City of Biscay in Spain , where the best blades are made . Bilinguis ( ex bis & lingua ) double tongued , deceitful . In our Common-Law it is used for that Jury that passeth between an English-man and an Alien or Stranger , whereof part must be English-men , and part strangers . Anno 28 , Edw. 3. cap. 13. Biltous ( biliosus ) cholerick , melancholy , churlish , angry . Bilk is said to be an Arabick word , and signifies nothing : Cribbidge-players understand it best . Billet ( Fr. ) a little Bill , note or ticket , stuck up upon a post or door ; and more commonly a stick of fire-wood , well known in London . Bimatical ( from bimatus ) pertaining to the age or space of two yeers . Bimensal ( from bimensis ) pertaining to the space of two moneths . Binarchy ( binarchia ) the joynt rule or equal Authority of two Princes in one Country Binarious ( binarius ) pertaining to two . Binomial or Binomious ( binomius ) that hath 2 names . Bipartite ( bipartitus ) divided into two parts . Binne or Bin in the old Saxon signifyed a Manger , we use the name now most commonly for a place to put bread or oats in . Bipatent ( bipatens ) open on both sides . Bis●statio the chief market place in Constantinople , which is every day kept open in full sale , except Friday onely , which is their Sabbath . Bipedal Bipedancous Bipedical ( bipedalis ) that is two foot long , double-footed , or that hath two feet . Birlings , little Sea-vessels , so called , used by the Islanders of Scotland . Spotsw . Bisexous ( from bis and sexus ) that is both male and female , of two sexes or kinds . Bisou● ( Fr. ) a fault at Tennis : also a compound dish of boyld meat , made of young Chickens , Pigeons , and other ingredients , &c. Bissected ( bis & sectus ) cut or parted in two equal parts ; a term in Mathematicks . Br. Bissextile ( bissextilis ) Leap year , so called , because the sixth Calends of March , are in that year twice reckoned ( viz. ) on the four and twentieth and five and twentieth of February ; so that Leap year has one day more then other years . Thirty days hath September , April , June and November , February hath eight and twenty alone , And all the rest have thirty and one . But when of Leap-year cometh the time , Then days hath February twenty and nine . Bissextum sextae Martis tenuere calendae ; Posteriore die celebrantur festa Mathiae . This Leap-year is observed every fourth year , and was first devised by Julius Caesar to accommodate the year with the course of the Sun. Bitume ( bitumen ) a kind of clay or slime naturally clammy , like pitch , growing in some Countries of Asia ; It was of old used in Physick ; the best is heavy , bright and clear , of purple colour , and having a strong smel ; the black is accounted naught ; this Bitumen was used instead of Mortar at building the Tower of Babel , as appears in Gen. 11. There is al a kind of Bitumen , like a liquor , flowing out of Mare Mortuum and out of some fountains in the Island Sicily , which is used instead of oyle to burn in Lamps . Bituminous ( bitumineus ) belonging to Bitumen . Bitumin●●ch , soldered or done with Bitumen . Bizante or Besant , a very antient coyn of Gold ; so called because it was coyned at Constantinople , formerly called Bizantium . This coyn is not now known , but Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury ( as it is in the Authentical Deed ) purchased Hendon in Middlesex of King Edgar to Westminster for 200 Bizantines : of what value they were was utterly forgotten in the time of King Edw. 3. for whereas the Bishop of Norwich was condemned to pay a Bizantine of Gold to the Abbot of St. Edmondsbury , for encroaching upon his liberty ( as it was enacted by Parliament in the time of the Conqueror ) no man then living could tell how much that was : so as it was referred to the King to rate how much he should pay : which was the more strange , considering , but 100 years before 200000 Bezants were exacted by the Soldan , for redeeming St. Lewis of France , which were then valued at 100000 livres . The name continues yet in the blazons of Arms , where plates of gold are called Bezants ; and a great piece of gold valued at 15. l. ( which the King of England formerly offered on high festival days ) was called a Bizantine ; but afterward there were two purposely made for the King and Queen with the resemblance of the blessed Trinity inscribed , In honorem sanctae Trinitatis , and on the other side the picture of the Virgin Mary , with In honorem sanctae Mariae Virginis , and this was used til the first year of King James , who caused two to be new cast , the one for himself , having on the one side the picture of a King kneeling before an Altar with four Crowns before him , implying his four Kingdoms ▪ and in the circumscription , Quid tribuam Domino pro omnibus quae tribuit mihi : On the other side a Lamb lying by a Lyon , with Cor contritum & humiliatum non despiciet Deus . And in another for the Queen , a Crown protected by a Cherubin , over that an eye , and Deus in a cloud , with Teget ala summus ; on the reverse , a Queen kneeling before an Altar with this Circumscription , Piis precibus , fervente fide , humili obsequio . Cam. Rem . The French Kings were also accustomed to offer 13 Besants at the Mass of their Coronation in Rheims ; to which end Hen. 2. ( after some discontinuance of that custom ) caused the same number of them to be made , and called them Bysantins , but they were not worth above a double Ducket the piece . Cot. Black-rod , Is the Huissier or Usher belonging to the order of the Garter ; So called of his black-rod which he carries in his hand : he was of the Kings Chamber , and Usher of the Lords House in Parliament . Min. Blain ( Sax. Blegene ) a kind of Bile or Ulcer , drawing quickly to a head , with a vehement inflammation of the whole part about it . Blancmanget ( Fr. ) a kind of Custard ; a white meat made of flower , milk , sugar , and the brains of Pullets . Bac. Blanch ( Fr. ) white or fair ; we use it in England for a womans name . Blandishment ( from Blandio , or from the Fr. Blandissement ) a soothing , smoothing , tickling of the mind and affection with terms of flattery , an alluring , enticing . Blandiloquence ( blandiloquentia ) fair-speaking , flattering . Blatant , babling , twatling . Clievland . Blateron or Blatteroon ( blatero ) a babler , an idle-headed fellow . Mr. How. Blatteration ( blateratio ) vain-babling , flattering in speech . Blaze , is a certain fire which the Inhabitants of Staffordshire , and some other Counties were wont , and still do make on Twelf-Eve , 5. Jan. at night , in memory of the Blazing-Star , that conducted the three Magi to the Manger at Bethlem . Blazon , ( Fr. ) is the description of arm●s ; , and their appurtenances , by the received terms or other apt expressions of things by words . Elements of Ar. Blemishe , marks made by hunters , to shew where a Deer hath gone . Blend ( Sax. ) to mix or mingle together . Blepharen ( blepharo , onis ) he that hath great brows , or eye-lids . Blesiloquent ( blaesiloquus ) broad-spoken , or that speaks stammeringly . Blith ( Sax. ) joyful , glad , merry , chearful . Bliwmantle , The name of an Office of one of the Poursuivants at Arms. See Harold . To Blissome , as the Ram doth the Ewe , i. to Tup her . So to go a blissoming is to desire the Ram. Rider . Blomary , the first Forge in an iron Mill , through which the iron passeth after it is once melted out of the Mine . Bloudwit ( from the Sax. blout , i. blood , and wit , for which we have the word ( wite ) still in the west parts of England , signifying a charging of one with a fault , or an upbraiding . This Bloodwit is a word used in Charters of Liberties antiently granted , and signifies an amerciament for shedding blood . So that whosoever had it given him in his Charter , had the penalty due for shedding blood granted him . Cow. Fleta saith , Significat quietantiam misericordia pro effusione sanguinis . lib. 1. cap. 47. Boccone ( Ital. ) a morsel , a good bit ; Sometimes taken for poison . Bociant ( Sax. ) a possession , an inheritance , a Farm or house with land belonging to it . Boethetic ( Gr. ) a part of Physick . See Medicine . Boillary or Bullary of Salt , a little house or furnace where Salt is boiled and made ; as at Droitwich in Worcestershire . Co. instit . p. 4. b. Bole-Armoniack , a kind of faint red colour used by Painters ; the chiefest use of it is in making a Size for burnished gold . Peacham . Bolus ( Lat. ) a morsel or mouthful . In physick it is a medicament of a middle consistency betwixt a Potion and a Pill . Bombard ( bombarda ) a Gun , or peice of Ordnance ; Hence Bombardical , thundering , or roaring like a peece of Ordnance . How. Bombycinous ( bombycinus ) that is made of silk or silken . Bombilation ( bombilatio ) a humming as of Bees . Br. Bonaght , was an exaction in Ireland imposed at the will of the Lord , for relief of the Knights called Bonaghti , that served in the Wars . Antiq. Hiber . p. 60. Bonair ( Fr. ) gentle , mild , courteous . Bonairite ( Fr. ) gentleness , mildeness , courtesie . Bonasus . See Monops . Bonaventure ( bonaventura ) good adventure ; the name of a great Saint and Doctor , a Frier of St. Francis Order , that lived and flourished in the thirteenth age after Christ . Bonefire , is well known in the modern use of it , and was so called from the antient custom of burning dead mens bones . Bone-min● ( Fr. ) a good countenance , posture or shew . Bongrace ( Fr. ) a certain cover which children use to wear on their Foreheads to keep them from sun-burning ; so called because it preserves their good grace and beauty . Bonhemes ( Fr. i. good men ) a religious Order of Friers instituted by St. Francis de Paula , a Town of Calabria in Italy : a person of eminent sanctity and austerity of life , and of that humility , that he stiled himself the least or meanest of men , and ordered the followers of his Institute or Rule , to take the appellation of Minimi ( the least or unworthiest among men ) and thence they are commonly called Minims or Minorites . One point of mortification , whereunto the Regulars of that Order tie themselves by vow ( besides their three Vows of Chastity , Poverty , and Obedience ) is a total abstinence from flesh-meats . It is an Order much reverenced in France , where the Founder lived , and died at Tours , an . 1507. There were two Convents of these formerly in England , the one at Asbridge in Buckinghamshire , the other at Edington in Wiltshire . Bonifate ( bonifatus ) that hath good fortune or fate . Boniface ( bonifacius ) wel-doer , or good and sweet face . A name of divers , as well Popes of Rome , as others . Bon-jour ( Fr. ) good morrow or good-day . Boon ( Sax. Beu● , Chaucer Bon● , ) a petition or request . B●ö● ( Gr. ) a slow working Star in the North Pole , near Charles wain which it follows . Boras or Borar , a white or greenish substance like Salt-petre , wherewith Gold-smiths use to soder gold and silver : some write it is the gum of a tree , which is very unlikely ; others affirm it to be made of old Lees of Oyl , by art and drying in the Sun , brought to be white ; but Dr. Bullokar rather conceives it to be a Mineral . To Bord. See Abbord . Bordel ( from the Ital. Burdello ) a Brothel-house , or Bawdy-house . Chau. Boreas ( Gr. ) the North or North-East Wind ; commonly taken for a great blustering wind . Boreal Borean ( borealis ) pertaining to the North-wind , northernly . Borith ( Heb. ) a kinde of hearb used by Fullers to take away spots in cloth . Borow or Borough is a Corporate Town that is not a City , an . 2. Ed. 3. cap. 3. namely all such as send Burgesses to the Parliament , the number whereof you may find in Mr. Cromptons Jurisd . fo . 24. and more of this in Cowel . Borow-English , Is a customary descent of Lands or Tenements , which ( in all places where this custom holds ) descend to the youngest son ; or if the owner have no issue , to his youngest Brother , as in Edmunion . Kitch . fo . 102. And the reason of this custom ( as Littleton saith ) is , for that the youngest is presumed in Law to be least able to shift for himself . Boscage ( Fr. ) a Grove , Thicket , or smal wood , a place that 's stored , or set thick with trees . Also a picture representing much wood or trees . Sir H. Wot . Bosphores ( Bosphori ) two Straits in the Sea , so called of an Oxes wading over them , the one surnamed Thracian , the other Cimmerian . Dub. Botanical ( botanicus ) pertaining to hearbs . Botanomancy ( botanomantia ) divination by hearbs . Botargo ( Ital. from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i.e. salted eggs ) is a kind of Sawsage or Pudding made of the eggs and blood of the Sea Mullet mixed with salt . Dr. Muffet . Bote or Boote is an old Saxon word , and signifies help , succour , aide and advantage ; coming from the Low-Dutch Boete , Baete , which is amends , remedy , and help ; so we may say what boots or avails it ? or what boot will you give me ? and is commonly joyned with other words , as Bridg-boot , Burgh-boot , Fire-boot , Hedge-boot , and divers others . Bo●●e ( Fr. ) A Buskin or Summer Boot ; we otherwise call them Boots with quarters , which have strings and no Spurs , but a heel like a Shoo on the out-side . Botoiph ( Sax. ) helpship . Bouge or Budge of Court , was the Diet , or rather the bread , beer , and wine which was allowed by the King to any Officer and his servants . Bovicide ( bovicida ) a slaughter-man of Oxen , a Butcher . Bovillon ( Fr. ) a kind of broth , or boiled meat , made of several ingredients . Boureau ( Fr. ) a Hang-man or Executioner . Boursier ( from the Lat. Bursa , a purse ) a purse-bearer ; in our Universities , he is commonly the Treasurer or Purse-keeper of a Colledge Boutefeu ( Fr. ) the literal signification is one that blows the fire , or that wilfully sets houses on fire ; but Metaphorically it is used for one that raiseth discord , an Incendiary , a fire-brand of Sedition , one that loves to set and see men at strife . Bourgeon ( from the Fr. Bourgeoner ) to bud , spring , or sprout out . Boy or Buoy of an Anchor ( Spain ▪ Boya ) is a peece of wood , an empty barrel or the like , tied to an Anchor , and floating on the water , to shew where the Anchor lies . Boza , A drink in Turky made of seed , much like new mustard , and is very heady . Brachial ( brachialis ) belonging to the arm . Bourgeoise ( Fr. Bourgeoisie ) a Burgess-ship , the state or condition of a Burguer or Burgess ; also a Boroughship ▪ and the Liberties and Priviledges belonging to a Town or Borough . Cressy . Brace , in the common acceptation is a known word signifying two or a couple ; but with Printers , a Brace is that which couples two or more words together , and is made thus Brachylogy ( Brachylogia ) shortness of speech . Brachygraphy ( brachygraphia ) the Art of writing by short characters . I cannot say , either who was the Author , or whether the invention be antient or more modern , only I find in Dion , that Mecaenas ( that great Favorite of Augustus Caesar , and favorer of learning ) first sound out certain notes and figures ad celeritatem seribendi , for the speedier dispatch of writing . Brackmans , a Sect of Philosophers in India , that lived onely by hearbs , roots , and fruit . These Brackmans or Bramines are now the Indian Priests ( perhaps following the custom of the Egyptians who were wont to chuse their Priests out of their whole number of Philosophers ) and are of like authority in their Church , as the Mufties are among the Turks , and as the Flamines and Arch-flamines were among the heathen Romans , or as the Druids among the Britains and Gauls . They hate Mahumed , and acknowledge one God and Creator of all things : the better sort are called Mockadams , or Masters . Herb. Tr. Bragodoela , a coyn'd word with us , for a ranting coward , or bragging fellow . Bragget or Braggot ( br . Bragod ) a drink made of Malt , water and hony , used in Wales , having the name from the British Brag. i.e. malt , and Gots , i.e. Hony-combs . This drink is also called by us , and in Low-Dutch Mede , ex melle , hony . Also a stay cut out of stone or timber , to bear up the Summer , in Masonry called a Corbel in Timber-work , a Bragget , Bracket , or shoulder-peece . Rider . Brandish ( Fr. brandir . ) to make to shine or glister with gentle shaking or moving . Bravado ( Fr. bravade , Spa. brabada ) a shew of Challenge or of daring , a boastful affront . Brave ( brabium ) the prize or reward given to him that overcomes in Plays or Exercises . Breviary ( breviarium ) an abridgement , or compendious draught , a short collection . Particularly , it is the name of a Book , to the daily recital whereof Catholick Priests are tied , from the time they take the order of Sub-Deaconship , in discharge of part of their Function . I have heard that the late Lord Treasurer Cecil , after he had diligently perused this Book , did greatly admire the order and method of it , saying it might well be termed a Breviary , for containing so much , and such variety in so contracted a bulk . Breviloquence ( breviloquentia ) a brief or short form of speaking . Brian ( Fr. ) shril voyce . Brigand ( Fr. ) a Footman armed , or serving with a Brigandine ; In old time when those kind of Souldiers marched , they held all to be good prize , that they could purloin from the people , and thereupon this word now signifies also a Theif , Purse-taker , or High-way robber . White . Brigandine ( Fr. ) a jack or coat of Mail , but properly antient Armor of Skale-like plates and many joynts . This word is used an . 4 , & 5. Ph. & Mar. ca. 2. Brigantine ( Fr. ) a kind of swift vessel for Sea , bigger then the Frigot , and less then the Foist , having some ten or twelve Oars on a side , and commonly a theevish Vessel : of these the Rhodians are said to be the first Inventors . The Falque is said to be the least Sea-Vessel with Oars , the Frigot next , then the Brigantin , the F●ist , the Galiot , the Galey and the Galeasse the biggest . Ren. Brigade Brigado ( Fr. ) a term of War ; six men make a Rot , or File , three Rots of Pikes make a Corporalship , but the Musketiers have four Files to a Corporalship ; three Corporalships of each arms make a compleat Company , i.e. nine Rots of Pikes and twelve Rots of Musketiers ( one and twenty Rots together ) which amount to the number of 126 men , besides all Officers , Muster-youngs , and Pasvolants ; four of these Companies ( being 504 men ) make a Squadron , and three such Squadrons form a perfect Brigade . Bar. Brig-bote or Brugbote signifies a Tribute , contribution or aid towards the mending of Bridges , whereof many are freed by the Kings Charter , and hereupon the word is used for the very liberty or exemption from this Tribute . And Fleta l. 1. c. 47. saith , Brigbote significat quietantiam reparationis pontium . Brigid or Bridget contracted also into Bride , an Irish name , as it seems , for that the antient St. Brigid was of that Nation . Cam. Brigidians , an order of religious persons instituted by Brigidia a Widow , Queen of Sweden , in the time of Pope Vrbane the Fifth , about the year of our Lord 1372. it was as well of men as women , albeit they dwelt severally . Pol. & Heyl. The Nuns of this Order had a noble Convent at Sion in Middlesex , built by K. Henry the Fifth . Brocado ( Span. ) cloth of gold or silver . Hence we call that Brocado'd silk or satten , which is wrought or mixed with gold or silver , and sometimes that is called Brocado'd silk , which is wrought with several colours of silk . Brocage , means used by a Spoaksman , or the trade of a Broker . Brochity ( brochitas ) crookedness properly of teeth or tushes . Brocket , a red Deer of two years old . See Spitter . Brodehalfpenny ( Sax. ) signifies a Toll or Custom for setting up Tables or Bords in a Fair or Market , from which they that are freed by the Kings Charter , had this word mentioned in their Letters Patents . Insomuch , as at this day the freedom it self ( for shortness of speech ) is called Brodehalfpenny . Brothelty , dishonesty , bawdery , whoredom . A Brouch or Ouch ( monile ) a jewel to wear about the neck . Brownists , a dangerous Sect , first broached in England by Robert Brown of Rutland-shire about the year 1583. and is in effect pure Donatism , vamped with some new Editions . Of which see Mr Fuller's Church-History , l. 9. c. 268. Bruyere ( Fr. ) Heath , Ling , Hather ; also a Heath or heathy ground ; a word much used in Fines and Recoveries . e Bruma ( Lat. ) The shortest day in the year , used also for Winter or December . Brumal ( brumalis ) belonging to the shortest day , winter-like . Bubo ( Lat. ) a S●ritch-Owle ; also a botch or sore about the Groin . Bubulcitate ( bubulcito ) to cry or call like a Cow-herd , to play the Neat-herd . Buccinate ( buccino ) to blow or sound a Trumpet or Horn , to publish or blaze abroad . Bucculent ( bucculentus ) blub-cheeked , wide-mouthed . Buccentoro or Buccintoro , A stately great Galeass , or Galley Foist , wherein the Duke of Venice with the Senate sail in triumph yearly on Ascension day , to espouse the Sea , &c. See Sands Travels , pag. 2. Buckeldians , one of those fourteen Sects of Hereticks , which Alstedius comprehends under the title of Anabaptists , which are 1. Muncerians . 2. Apostolicks . 3. Separatists . 4. Catharists . 5. Silents . 6. Enthusiasts . 7. Libertines . 8. Adamites . 9. Hutites . 10. Augustinians . 11. Bucheldians . 12. Melchiorites . 13. Georgians . And 14. Menonists . See more of these in Doctor Featlies description of Anabaptists , pag. 24. Bucolicks ( bucolica ) pastoral songs , or songs of Heardsmen . Buffoon ( Fr. Bouffon ) a Jester or Sycophant , merry fool , or one that lives by making others merry . Buggerie ( Fr. Bougrerie ) is described to be carnalis copula contra naturam , & haec vel per confusionem Specierum , sc . a man or a woman with a bruit beast , vel sexuum ; a man with a man , or a woman with a woman . See Levit. 18.22 , 23. This offence committed with mankinde or beast is fellony without Clergy ; it being a sin against God , Nature , and the Law ; And in ancient time such offenders were to be burnt by the Common-Law . 25. Hen. 86.5 . Eliz. 17. Fitz. Nat. Br. 269. My Lord Coke ( Rep. 12. pag. 36. ) saith , that this word comes from the Italian , Buggerare , to bugger . Bulbous ( bulbosus ) having round heads in the roots . Bac. Bulged or Bilged ( a Sea-term ) a ship is said to be bulged , when she strikes on a Rock , Anchor or the like , and breaks off her Timbers or Plancks there , and so springs a Leak . Bulimy Boulimy ( bulimia ) unsatiable hunger , great famine . Bull ( bulla ) properly a gold ornament or jewel for children , of a round compass , and hollow within , made like a heart , and used to be hung about their necks ; and hence the Briefs or Mandats of the Pope are called Bulls , from the lead , and sometimes golden Seal affixed thereto , which Seal , Matth. Paris , Anno 1237. describes thus : In Bulla Domini Papae stat Imago Pauli à Dextris Crucis in medio Bullae figuratae , & Petri a sinistris : See more of these Bulls in Sir Henry Spelmans Glossarium . Bulls of Basan , properly fat Buls ; strong , powerfull , and cruel Enemies , Psal . 22.12 . Many young Bulls have encompassed me : Basan was the fruitfull Country of Og , and became the Jews by conquest , Deut. 3.1 , 2. Bullary . See Boilary . Burlesque ( Ital. ) drolish , merry , pleasant : Mr White , in his Apol. for Tradition . Burghgrave ( Germ. ) is in Germany a title of honor , and signifies as much as Earl or Count of the Castle or Garrison ; also the Captain or Governor of a Fortress . Burlybrand ( Sax. ) a great sword . Chaucer . Burnish ( from the Italian Brunisce ) to make a thing glister or look fair by rubbing it . Also a term among Hunters when Harts spread their horns , after they are fraied or new rubbed . Burser . See Boursier . Bursholder , an Head-borough , a Ruler or chief Officer in a Borough . Butlerage of Wines , signifies that imposition of sale Wine brought into the Land , which the Kings Butler by vertue of his office may take of every ship , An. 1. H. 8. ca. 5. See Prisage . Buttress , a stay to prop up a wall or building . Buxiferous ( buxifer ) that beareth box . Buxome or Buxum ( Sax. Boscum ) pliant , amiable , obedient , merry , gentle , meek , dutifull . Buxomness or Bughsomness ( Sax. ) pliablness or bowsomness , to wit , humbly stooping or bowing down in sign of obedience ; It is now mistaken for lustiness or rampancy . Buzzar , a Market-place among the Persians . Herb. Byram , a great Feast among the Turks ; which is their Carneval , and lasts three dayes . Byrlaw or Laws of Burlaw ( leges rusticorum ) Laws made by Husband-men , concerning neighbourhood , to be kept among themselves . Skene , p. 33. By-spel ( Sax. B●gspel ) a By-word , Parable , or Proverb . Byssine ( byssinus ) silken , or which is made of fine flax or cloth . C THe Letter C among the Antients denoted Condemnation . See A. Cabala , ( Hebr. ) receptio , a receiving . Cabala , Kabala , or Cabalistick are , a hidden Science of Divine Mysteries , which consists in drawing several senses either out of the same letters of a Hebrew word , as they lye first written in the word , or by different combinations of them , or by changing one letter for another according to art , or from the different writing a letter in one word , from the writing of the same letter in another word , or yet by some other nice ways , known to the Hebrew Rabbins , who onely use this Art for their Exposition of Scripture ; And as it is an Art proper to the Jews , so is it judged by the better learned , to contain more of the imaginary , or phantastical , then of solid learning , towards the true understanding of holy Scripture . See Moses and Aaron , p. 169. Picus Mirandula describes it shortly thus , Est namque universa illa secretior Divinae legis exposi●io ex ore Dei à Moyse accepta & Prophetarum animis à Deo infusa . It comprehends all those secret ways of exposition of the Divine Law , which were received by Moses from the mouth of God , and were afterward revealed by God to his Prophets . And Camden saith , " That ( as the great Masters of the Jews testifie ) Moses received of God a litteral Law , written by the finger of God in the Two Tables of the Ten Commandments to be imparted to all , and another mystical , to be communicated onely to seventy men , which by tradition they should pass to their posterity , whereof it was called Cabala , which was divided into Mercana or Merana , concerning onely the sacred names of God , and Bresith , or Berescith , of other names , consisting of Alphabetary revolution , which they will have to be Anagrammatism , by which they say Mary resolved , made our holy Mistris . But whether this Cabala is more antient then the Talmudical learning , hatched by the curious Jews ( as some will ) about 200 years after Christ , let the learned consider . " Cam. Arithmancy , Theomancy and Cosmology , are said to depend on the aforesaid Cabala , which ( to give you also Reuclins definition of it ) is nothing else but a kind of unwritten Theology ; and that therein is a much greater part of belief and speculation , then of discipline . We use to say , he is not of our Cabal , that is , he is not received into our Council , or is not privy to our secrets . Cabalis ( cabalista ) one skilful in that secret Science . Cabal ( caballus ) an horse , a Jade . Cablish ( cablicia ) among the Writers of the Forest Laws , signifies Brush-wood ; but I rather think with Sir H. Spelman , it more properly signifies wind-faln-wood , because I find it written of old cadibulum from cadere . Cacanis , a kind of Doctors among the Jews . Cacofurgo Cecafogo ( Spa. ) Shite-fire . Cachexie ( Gr. ) an ill habit or disposition of body . Cachinnation ( cachinnatio ) great laughter , or a laughter in derision . Cacos ( Gr. ) Malus , evil : hence Cacochymy ( cacochymia ) ●l juyce in the body , causing ●l digestion , and bad nutrient : Or a corruption of all the humors in the body . Cacodaemon ( Gr. ) an evil spirit , a devil . Cacography ( Gr. ) ill writing , or writing of evil things . Cacology ( cacologia ) evil speech or report , detraction . Cacophony ( cacophonia ) an ill , harsh , or unpleasing sound ( in words ) a vitious utterance or pronunciation . Cacozelous ( cacozelus ) ill-minded or affectioned , one that imitates badly . Cacuminate ( cacumino ) to make sharp or copped . Cadaverous ( cadaverosus ) like a dead carkass , deadly , ghastly or full of dead carkasses . Cadee or Cade ( Arab. ) a Judge or Justice of the Peace among the Turks ; also a Lord. Cadence Cadency ( from cado ) a just falling ; round going of words ; a proportionable time or even measure in any action or sound . Cadent ( cadens ) falling , failing , dying . Cadet ( Fr. ) a younger brother among Gentlemen . Caducean ( caduceus ) among the Romans was the name of a wand or rod , so called à cadendo , because at the sight thereof all quarrels and discords presently ceased , and it was carried by their Heraulds and Embassadors as an Ensign of Peace . Peach . Celibate ( caelibatus ) single life , the state of man or woman unmarried . Herb. H. 8. Cageole ( Fr. cageoler ) to prattle or jangle like a Jay ; to prate much to little purpose ; to inveigle with fair words . Caduciferous ( caducifer ) that carries a white rod in sign of peace . Calamitous ( calamitosus ) full of calamity , wretched , destroyed with tempest . Calamize ( calamizo ) to pipe or sing . Calamist ( from calamus ) a Piper or Whistler with a reed . Calamity ( calamitas ) destruction of Corn or other thing , misery , mischief , &c. Calamitas ( says my Lord Bacon ) was first derived from calamus when the corn could not get out of the stalk . Nat. Hist . Calasticks ( calastica ) purging medicines or oyntments . Calcauthous ( from calcauthum ) pertaining to ●hoomakers-black , or Vitriol . Calcation ( calcatio ) a treading or stamping . Calceate ( calceo ) to Shooe or put on Shooes , or Socks . Calcedon , a term used by Jewellers and Lapidaries , as when in a Rubie especially , or Saphire , there is a certain foul vein , of somewhat a different and most commonly whitish colour to the other part of the stone , that they call a Calcedon , and it makes the stone of less value ; There is also a precious stone called Calcedonius . Calcined ( calcinatus ) burnt to ashes , or reduced to powder by fire . Calcinize , To burn to ashes , to reduce metals to powder by the fire , to refine . Calcitrate ( calcitro ) to kick or spurn , to refuse with disdain . Calculate ( calculo ) to cast accounts to reckon . Calcule ( calculus ) an account or reckoning ; a Table-man , Chess-man , or Counter to cast accounts withal . Calculosity ( calculositas ) fulness of stones or Counters . Caledonian ( caledonius ) belonging to Scotland , formerly called Caledonia . Calefy ( calefacio ) to make warm or hot . Calefaction ( calefactio ) a warming or heating . Calfactive ( calfactus ) heating or warming , of property or power to heat or warm . To Calender Linnen Cloth and Stuff , is to smooth , trim , and give it a gloss ; a term used by Linnen Drapers and Mercers . Calends ( calendae ) properly the first day of every month , being spoken by it self , or the very day of the New Moon , which commonly did fall out together ; If Pridie be placed before it , then it signifies the last day of the foregoing month , as Pridie Calend. Maii , is the last day of April . If any number be placed with it , it signifies that day in the former moneth , which comes so much before the moneth named ; as the tenth Calends of October , is the twentieth day of September , because if one begin at October , and reckon backwards , that twentieth day of September , is the tenth day before October . In March , May , July , and October , the Calends begin at the 16 day , in other moneths at the fourteenth ; which Calends must ever bear the name of the moneth following , and be numbred backward from the first day of the said following moneths . See more in Hoptons Concord . p. 69. and see Ides . At the Greek Calends ( ad Graecas Calendas ) i. never ; for the Greeks have no Calends . Calent ( calens ) hot or warm . Calenture ( Spa. Calentura ) a burning Feaver , or an Ague . Calidity ( caliditas ) heat , warmth . Calid ( calidus ) hot , warm , burning , fierce and hasty . Caliduct , Palladio observes that the Antients did warm their rooms , with certain secret Pipes , that came through the walls , transporting heat , to sundry parts of the house , from one common Furnace , which Sir Hen. Wotton properly calls Caliducts . Caliga●o● ( caligatio ) dimness of sight , blindness . Calig● ( caligatus ) that wears Stockings , Bus●ings , or harness for the Legs . A Caligate Souldier ( caligatus miles ) a common Souldier ; also a Souldier , that , for fear of the enemy , feighneth himself to be weary and faint . Calip● , A name or tittle of Dignity or Estate in Egypt , which people of the Mahometan Religion used to confer on such a man , whom they thought to be of holy life , a great and diligent observer of Mahomets Law , as also well learned therein , granting him besides , to command with Royal Authority ; At the beginning of this Religion all Caliphs were Kings , witness Mahomet himself inventer thereof , who was King of Arabia . These Caliphs were also a kind of High-Priests , at whose hands the Mahumetan Princes were wont to receive their Diadems and Regalities . But their Office is now executed in the Turks Dominions by the Mufti or Chief Priest of the Saracens . Heyl. Callent ( callens ) crafty , witty , cunning , or wise by experience . Callid ( callidus ) idem . Calligraph● ( calligraphia ) fair-writing . Callosit● ( callositas ) hardness or thickness of skin . Br. Callo● ( Sax. ) a lewd woman . Chauc . So perhaps Call●w may be lewd or wicked , which Mr. Cleveland uses in his Poems , where he speaks of a callow curse . Calour ( calor ) heat , warmth , hot love . Calpe . See Hercules Pillars . Calsounds or Calsunes , a kinde of drawers or such like garment of Linnen , which the Turks wear next their skin . Sands . Caltrop or Calthrop ( Fr. Chaussetrope ) an instrument used formerly in war , made with four pricks of Iron , of such a fashion , as which way soever it was thrown , one point will alwayes stick up like a nail , to spoil the enemies horse feet . Calvary or Mount Calvary ( calvarium ) a hill a little out of Hierusalem , where the malefactors were ordinarily executed , and where our Saviour Christ was Crucified for the Redemption of mankinde . The Mount had the name Calvary from the skuls and dead mens bones that lay there up and down . Calvinist . One that holds the same opinion with Calvin in matters of Religion . See Lutheranism . Calvity ( calvitas ) baldness , deceit . Calumniate ( calumnior ) to accuse or charge falsely , to cavil or detract . He that in his accusation , forges faults never committed , is said to Calumniate . He that undertakes ones sute , and either will not urge reasons in the behalf of his Clyent , or answer the Objections of his adversary , when he is able , is said to Prevaricate . i. to play the false Proctor . He that desists in his accusation , and lets his sute fall , is said Tergiversari . Sylv. in Orat. pro Mur. Calumnious ( calumniosus ) full of cavils or false accusations , slanderous . Calydonian , of or belonging to Scotland , or to a Forest there , called Calydonia Sylva . Cambio ( Spa. ) a Burse or Exchange ; as the Royal Exchange in London . Cambren ( from the Brittish Cam , i. crooked , and ●ren ; a stick ) a crooked stick , with notches on it , which Butchers use to hang Sheep or Calves on , when they dress them . Cambrian ( from Cambria ) belonging to Wales , Welch , Brittish . Camerade ( Fr. and Camerada Span. fro● Camera a Chamber ) a Tent , Chamber , or Cabin-fellow , or a fellow-Souldier . Camoise , crooked ; as Camoise-nosed , hook-nosed ; from the Brit. Cam , i. crooked ; whence we also say C●m-Cam , for crooked , overthwart , or clean contrary . Cam●ate ( camero ) to vault , seil , or make an Arch or Roof . Cam●lionize , to live by the Air , or in the fire ; or change colour , as the Camelion is said to do . Camisado ( from the Span. Camisa i. a shirt ) a sudden assaulting or surprisal of the enemy ; So termed because the Souldiers that execute it , did commonly wear shirts over their armor , or take their Enemies in their shirts . Cotgr. Campsor ( Lat. ) a banker , or changer of money . Campain ( Fr. Campaigne ) a plain field , or a wide and level piece of ground . A word much used among souldiers , by whom the next Campain is usually taken for the next Summers Expedition of an Army , or its taking the field . Campus Martius , a field neer Rome , where the ancient Romans made use of all manly exercises , and the people often assembled to give their suffrages towards the election of Magistrates , &c. It was so called , because dedicated to Mars . Campus scelera●us ( Lat. ) was the place where the vestal Nuns , if they were defloured , suffered punishment ; the field of execution . Canary wi●e . So called , because it is made in the Canary Islands . Cancer ( Lat. ) a crevice , or crab ; also one of the Twelve Celestial Signs , so called for that as the Crab retrogrades or goes backward ; so the Sun ( being in that sign about mid - June ascends no higher but recedes by degrees , and hastens towards Capricorn . Min. Candefy ( candefacio ) to make white , cleer , or pure . Cand●d●t● ( candidati ) those that stand in election and sue for dignities of Magistracy , during which time , among the Romans , they wore whiter and newer gowns then ordinary , that they might be the more easily seen and discerned ; A word still in use in Universities ; Also gallant young Gentlemen or Knights about the Emperors person . Candlemass-day ( Sax. Candel-moesse ) the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin ( 2. Feb. ) so called from the many candles that were wont to be hallowed and lighted in the Church on that day . The Dutch call it Lic●tmisse . Sax. Dict. Candid ( candidus ) white , fair , clear ; also fortunate , pure , innocent . Candor ( Lat. ) whiteness , brightness , purity , sincerity , without craft or malice . Canel bone ( jugulus ) the Neck or Throat-bone . Canibals . A barbarous kinde of people that eat mans flesh . Canicular day●s ( dies caniculares ) See Dog dayes . Cani●ude ( canitudo ) hoariness , whiteness , gravity . Canon . ( Gr. ) Properly a Rule or line to make any thing straight , or to try the straightness of it . Hence Laws or Decrees for Church-Government are called Canons ; and certain times of Prayer used by Church-men are called Canonical hours of Prayer , as Matins , Laudes , &c. And we call those Canonical books , which are authentical Scripture . Canonical ( canonicus ) according to Rule , or Order , received into the Canon , put into the Roll ; Authentical . Canonize ( canonizo ) to examine by rule , to Register , to put in the rank and number : also to declare and pronounce one for a Saint . Canor ( Lat. ) melody or sweet singing . Canorous ( canorus ) loud , shrill , pleasant , loud singing . Cantabrians ( Cantabri ) people of Biscay ( formerly Cantabria ) in Spain . Cantation ( cantatio ) singing or enchanting . Cantabrize , to follow the custom or fashion of Cambridge . Mr Fuller : and it may be applied to Biscay in Spain , in Latin called Cantabria . Cantharides ( Lat. ) certain flyes of a bright shining green colour , breeding in the tops of Ash and Olive Trees beyond the Sea. They are sometimes used by Physitians , to raise blisters in the body ; but their heads , wings , and feet must be cast away . The juice of them is poysonous . Bull. Canticle ( canticum ) a pleasant Song , a Ballad , a Rime . Cantion ( cantio ) a song or enchantment , a sorcery or charme . Cantilene ( cantilena ) a verse , a common speech or tale , a song . Canto ( Ital. ) a Song or Sonnet ; also as Canton . Canton , from the Greek , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which is a corner properly of the eye ; also an Hundred , Precinct , or Circuit of Territory , wherein there are divers good Towns and Villages : This word is proper to Helvetia or Switzerland , which was divided or Cantonized about the year of Christ 1307. into 13 such Cantons . It possesseth for the most part the dexter point of the Scotcheon , and is the reward of a Prince given to an Earl. Peach . Cantonize . To divide into Cantons , quarters or corners . Cantor ( Lat. ) a singer or charmer . Cantred or rather Cantref signifies an hundred Villages , being a British word compounded of the Adjective Cant , which signifies an hundred , and Tref , a Town or Village . In Wales the Counties are divided into Cantreds , as in England into Hundreds . This word is used An. 28. H. 8. c. 3. Canzonet ( from the Ital. Canzonetta ) a song or ditty . Car-a-pe ( from the Lat. caput and pes ) from head to foot ; as when a Souldier is compleatly armed , we say he is armed Cap-a-pe . The Romans called such souldiers Cataphracti . Capacitat● ( from capacitas ) made capable or fit to receive . Lo. Prot. Speech to Parl. 8. April , 1657. Capacity Capability ( capacitas ) an aptness to contain or receive . Our Common Law allows the King two Capacities , a natural , and a politick ; in the first he may purchase Lands to him and his Heirs ; in the later to him and his Successors . And a Parson hath the like . Cape ( Fr. cap ) that whereof Sea-men speak in their voyages , is some remarkable nook or elbow of Land , that shoots farther into the Sea then any other near part of the Continent . In Spanish it is called Cabo ; i. an end , quasi the end or last of such a Land , as Cabo de Buena Esperansa the Cape of good hope , first found by Vasco de Gama a Portugal . Caparison ( Fr. Caparasson ) trapping or furniture for a horse . Capets ( Fr. Cappres ) A prickly plant almost like Brambles , growing in Spain , Italy , and other hot Countries : the root whereof is much used in Physick , against obstructions of the Spleen or Milt . The flowers and leaves are brought hither from Spain , preserved in pikle , and are commonly eaten with Mutton : they stir up the appetite , warm the Stomach , and open the stoppings of the Liver and Milt . Bull. Capharnaits , those of Capharnaum in Palestine , who first doubted of the mystery of the blessed Sacrament . Ca● , Three chief Officers among the Venetians , to whom and to the Senate the Dukes Authority is in all things subject . Heyl. Capillary ( capillaris ) of or like hair , hairy . Capillatur● ( capillatura ) a frizling of the hair , the bush of hair on the head . Capistrate ( capistro ) to halter , muzzle , or tye . Capillation ( capillatio ) hairiness , a making a thing hairy , or causing hair to grow . Capital ( capitalis ) worthy of death , deadly , mortal , belonging to the head . The seven Capital sins are Pride , Covetousness , Lechery , Anger , Gluttony , Envy and Sloath ; and are called Capital , because they are heads of many others , which proceed from them as Rivers from their source . Capitation ( capitatio ) a tribute paid by the heads ; pole-money . Br. Capite , was a tenure when a man held Lands immediately of the King , as of his Crown , were it by Knights service , or in Socage . Brook. tit . Ten. 46.94 . This Tenure , and those of Knights service and Socage in chief are now taken away , and all Tenures turned into Free and common Soccage . Act. 1656. ca 4. Capitol ( capitolium ) an antient Pallace in Rome , so called from the head of a man found there when they digged to lay the foundation ; Arnobius saith his name was Tolus , and from Caput and Tolus came Capitolium . When Brennus and his Gauls overcame the Romans near the River Allia in Italy , Rome it self was forsaken of its chief strength , only the Capitol was manned by Manlius and saved from the fury of the Gauls , by the cackling of Geese which awaked the watch , &c. Capitulate ( capitulo ) to divide by chapters or heads ; also to bargain or agree by Articles . Capnomancy ( capnomantia ) a divination by smoke arising from an Altar , whereon Incense or Poppy-seed is burned . Cotgr. Capouch● ( Fr. Capuchon , lat . Capitium ) a coul , hood , or cover for the head , which Monks and Fryers use to wear . Capouchins or Capucines , a religious Order of Fryers so called of their Coule or Capouch , ordained by Matth. Basci of Ancona . Frier Lewis his companion obtained of the then Pope , the habit and rule of St. Francis in the year 1526. In the space of 42 years they encreased to 2240 associates , had 222 Monasteries , and were divided into 15. Provinces . Heyl. They wear neither shirts nor breeches . Cotgr. Caprichio Caprich ( from the Spa. capricho ) an humor , a fancy , a toy in ones head , a giddy thought ; hence Caprichious , humersome , fantastical , full of whimseys or toys , giddy-headed . Capricorn ( capricornus ) the Goat or one of the 12 Signs of the Zodiack ; so named from the custom and nature of that beast ; for as the Goat commonly climbs up to the top of the steepest hills to seek his food ; so the Sun ( when in in Mid - December , he enters the Tropick of Capricorn ) ascends our Hemisphere . Min. Caprification ( caprificatio ) husbanding or dressing wilde fig-trees or other trees . Capriole ( Fr. ) a caper in dancing ; also the leaping of a horse above ground , called by horsemen , the Goats leap . Capstand , an Instrument to wind up things of great weight , a Crane . Bull. Capsulary ( from capsula ) pertaining to a little Coffer , Chest , or Casket . Capsulated , locked or shut up in a Chest or Casket . Captation ( captatio ) subtilty to get favor , a cunning endeavor to get a thing . Captious ( captiosus ) full of craft , curious , hurtful , catching or taking hold of every little occasion to pick quarrels . Caracol ( from the Fr. fair le Caracol ) to cast themselves into a ring , as souldiers do . Captivity ( captivitas ) bondage . Captivate ( captivo ) to take captive or prisoner . Caracter . Vide Character . Caravan or Karavan ( Fr. Caravene ) a convoy of Souldiers for the safety of Merchants that travel by Land. Voyage Levant , and Sands . Capuchet ( from the Fr. Capuchon , a Coul or Hood ) hooded or covered with a Coul or into the Hood . See Capouche . Carbonado ( Spa. carbonada , lat . carbonella ) a rasher or collop of Bacon , or any meat smutcht with or broiled on the coals : also a slash over the face , which fetcheth the flesh with it . Caravel , a kind of swift Bark . Carbuncle ( carbunculus ) has two significations , the one a precious stone , the other a dangerous botch or sore . Carbuncle stone , is bright , of the colour of fire , and has many vertues , but chiefly prevails against the danger of infectious air . Some call a Ruby in perfection a Carbuncle ; others say a Diamond of a red or fiery colour , is a Carbuncle . Carbuncle disease is a botch , or ulcer , called otherwise by a Greek name Anthrax , caused of gross hot blood , which raiseth blisters , and burns the skin ; This Ulcer is ever accompanied with a Feaver . Carceral ( carceralis ) of or belonging to a prison . Sea - Card ( charta marina ) is a Geographical discription of coasts , with the true distances , heights and courses or winds laid down in it ; not describing any Inland , which belongs to Maps . Seamen use these Cards to instruct them in Navigation . Cardiacal ( cardiacus ) of or pertaining to the heart , cordial , comforting the heart . Cardinal ( cardinalis ) a high dignity in the Church of Rome , whereof there are about 70 in number , and were first instituted by P. Paschal the first . Minsh derives the word from Cardo , inis , the hook or hinge of a door : for as the door hangs or depends on the hinges , so the Church on the Cardinals . The word taken Adjectively , is pertaining to a hook or hinge ; also chief or principal ; the four Cardinal Vertues are , 1 Prudence ▪ 2 Temperance , 3 Justice , 4 Fortitude . So called , because they are the principal foundations of a vertuous well-ordered life , and as it were the hinges on which all other moral vertues depend ; the four principal winds , East , West , North , and South , are also called Cardinal Winds . Cardiognostick ( Gr. ) that knows the heart ; an attribute peculiar to God alone ; Mr. How. Carefox or Carfax , A Market-place in Oxford , so called ; which may come of the French Quarrefour or carrefour , signifying any place or part of a Town , where four streets meet at a head ; as at Carfox in Oxford , for there is the Quarre , the square and quadrant . Min. Or ( according to Mr. Sumner ) it may be a corruption from the French , quatre voyes . i. four ways . Ca●e●e ( Fr. ) a cheering , cherishing , welcoming , making much of . Caret ( Lat. ) it wanteth ; it is the name for this mark ( ) which is made in writing , where any thing is wanting , left out or enterlined ; or to shew where an interlineation comes in . Cargazon or Cargaison ( from the Span. Carga . i.e. a load ) the fraight or lading of a ship . Carine ( carina ) the Keel or Bottom of a Ship Any kind of bringing a ship over to lie on one side ; to be trim'd ( she being on float ) is called Careening . Carity ( caritas ) dearth , scarcity , dearness . Cark , is a quantity of wool , whereof 30 make a Sarplar . A. 27. H. 6. cap. 2. Carmasal or Carmusal , a kind of Turkish ship or Galley . Carmelite ( had beginning and name at and from Mount Carmelus in Syria , where Elias the Prophet lived long solitary ) a strict order of Friers instituted by Almericus Bishop of Antioch , An. 1122. They followed St. Basil and were reformed by the vertuous Spanish Virgin St. Teresa , who made them certain constitutions confirmed by Pope Pius the fourth , Ann. 1565. Heyl. Carminate ( carmino ) to card wooll , or hatchel flax , to sever the good from the bad . Carnage ( Fr. ) flesh time , or the season wherein 't is lawful to eat flesh ; It is also a term of Venery , signifying that flesh which is given to the dogs after hunting . Carnalist , One that is devoted to carnalities , a carnal man. Carnaval ( Fr. ) Shrovetide ; also a licentious or dissolute season . Carnel work , The building of ships first with their Timbers and Beams , and after bringing on their Planks , is called Carnel-work , to distinguish it from Clinch-work . Carnify ( carnifico ) to quarter or cut in peeces , as the Hang-man doth , to torment . Carnous ( carnosus ) full of flesh , fleshy , gross , thick . Carnivorous ( carnivorus ) that devoureth flesh . Carnificine ( carnificina ) the place of execution , or the office of a Hangman . Carnogan ( Brit. ) a little kind of a wooden dish with hoops , a Piggin . Carol , A Christmas song , or Hymn in honor of our Saviours birth ; it comes from Cantare , i. to sing , and Rola an interjection expressing joy ; for heretofore in the burden of delightful songs , and when men were jocound , they were wont to sing Rola , Rola , as sometimes they now do , Hey down , derry derry . It was an antient custom among the Christians in their Feasts , to bring every one into the midst , and incite him to sing unto God , as well as he could , either out of holy Scriptures , or out of his own wit and invention . Tertul. lib. adv . Gentes , cap. 39. Carous , Gar in the old Teutonick signified all , and aus , out ; so that to drink Garaus , is to drink all out ; hence by corruption , to drink Carous , and now we say to Carous it , i. to drink all out . Carpatian-Sea ( so called from an adjacent Island called Carpathos , now Scarpanto ) a Sea lying between Rhodes and Crete . Carp●cratians , a sort of Hereticks so called . Carrat ( Fr. carat ) among Goldsmiths and Mintmen is the third part of an ounce ; among Jewellers or Stone-cutters , but the 192 part , for eight of them make but one sterlin , and a sterlin is the four and twentieth part of an ounce . Three grains of Assize or four grains of Diamond weight make a carrat . A fool of twenty five carrats , is an egregious fool , a fool beyond all proportion ; the finest gold being but of four and twenty carrats , which is the essay , by which the fineness of the gold is known . Cotgr. Carrick Carrack a ship of a great burthen ; so called of the Italian word carico , or carco , a burthen or charge ; you have this word , An. 2. R. 3. ca. 4. and 1. Jac. ca. 33. Carriere ( Fr ) the ring or circle where they run with great horses ; also their course or full speed . Cartage . See Cartouch . Cartel ( Fr. ) a Letter of defiance , or a challenge for a ( single ) Combate . Lo. Herbert uses it often in his Hen. 8. Carthusians , a religious order of Monks , instituted by St. Bruno , a native of Collein , who being a Parisian Doctor of Divinity , and a Canon of Rheims , abandoned the world , and with six associats began his austere Heremitical course of life , on the Carthusian Mountains , in the Diocess of Gratianopolis , with the licence of Hugh then Bishop thereof ; and from thence his Order took the name of Carthusians : he flourished in the time of Pope Vrban the second , and died 1101. Those of his rule have at this day near 100 Monasteries ; they eat no flesh , never meet but on Sundays , labour with their hands , watch , pray , &c. their robe is white , with a short cape . Cartilage ( cartilago ) a gristle . Physitians define it to be a similary part , dry and hard , yet not so as a bone ; flexible , which a bone is not ; framed to stay the soft parts , and to repel the injuries of external hard bodies . Reads Anat. Cartilagineous ( cartilagineus ) of a gristle or full of gristles . Carrucate of Land ( carrucata terrae ) is a word much used in the antient Charters , and Land-evidences of this nation , and signifies as much land as may be tilled in a year by one Plough ; it is also called in the antient Laws Hilda vel Hida terrae , and in others Carue de terre ; now a Plough-land . Carrucata is a corruption from the French Carruë , a Plough . Cartouche ( Fr. ) a charge of powder and shot ready made up in a paper ; we corruptly call it a cartage . Also a roll in Architecture . Carvel , a kind of ship . Caspian Sea ( mare Caspium ) a Sea near Hyrcania , that hath no passage into any other Sea , but is a huge Lake , and neither ebbs nor flows . Therefore Sir Philip Sidney ( to note , that he persisted always one ) depainted out this Sea surrounded with his Shoars , and over it this Motto , Sine refluxu , for his Devise . Case-Mate ( Fr. ) a loop-hole in a fortified wall to shoot out at , or in fortification , a place in a ditch , out of which to plague the assailants . Cassation ( from casso ) a quashing , annulling , or making void . Castalian-Wel ; a fountain at the foot of Parnassus , sacred to the Muses ; taking name of Castalia a Virgin , who ( as Poets fain ) flying from the leacherous god Apollo , fell down headlong , and was turned into this fountain . Rider . Castifical ( castificus ) making chaste , pure or continent . Castigate ( castigo ) to chastise , correct , reprove , or punish . Castleward , Is an imposition laid upon such Subjects , as dwel within a certain compass of any Castle , towards the maintenance of such as watch and ward the Castle . Mag. Char. c. 20. & an . 32. H. 8. ca. 48. It is used sometimes for the very circuit it self ; which is inhabited by such as are subject to this service , as in Stows Annals , p. 632. Castrate ( castro ) to geld , to cut off , or mangle , to take away the strength . Castrensian ( castrensis ) of a Camp or Army ; that pertaines to an Host or War. Casuist ( from casus ) one that writes , or is well seen in cases of conscience . Casule , or Planet ( casula ) one of those attires wherewith the Priest is vested , when he says Mass , resembling the purple robe of derision , which the Souldiers put on our Savior , saying , Hail King of the Jews . Tr. of Ma. Cata-baptist ( Gr. ) one that abuseth or depraves , or is an adversary to the Sacrament of Baptism . A Catabaptist may sometimes be no Anabaptist , such was Leo Capronymus , who defiled the Font at his Baptism , yet was not Christened again , but every Anabaptist is necessarily a Cataptist , for the iteration of that Sacrament is an abuse and pollution of it . Dippers dipt . Catachrestical Catachrestique ( from catachresis ) abusive , as when one word is improperly put for another . Cataclysm ( cataclysmus ) a general flood , or deluge , a great showre of rain . Mr. Evelyn . Catadrome ( catadromus ) a place where they run with horses , for prize ; a Tilt-yard . An Engine which builders use like a Crane , in lifting up or putting down any great weight . Cataglottism ( Gr. ) a kissing with the tongue . Cotg. Catagmatical ( catagmaticus ) of or belonging to broken bones ; or to the healing or closing such bones . Catagraph ( catagraphe ) the first draught or delineation of a picture . Cataloguize ( from catalogus ) to insert into a catalogue , to inroll . Catals Chatels In our Common Law it comprehends all goods movable and immovable , but such as are in the nature of a Free-hold or parcel thereof . Howbeit Kitchin . chap. Cat. fol 32. saith , That ready money is not accounted any goods , or hattels , nor Hawks , nor Hounds . See more in Cow. Catalepsie ( catalepsis ) occupation , deprehension , knowledge : Also a disease in the head , occasioned by a distemper of the brain . Catamidiate ( catamidio ) to put one to open shame , and punishment for some notorious offence , to scorn , to defame . ka me , ka thee . Catamite ( catamitus ) a boy hired to be abused contrary to nature , a Ganymede . Herb. tr . Cataphysick , Against nature . Cataphor ( cataphora ) a deep or dead sleep . Cataphrygians . A Sect of Hereticks that lived in the time of Pope Soter , and the Emperor Commodus about the year of Christ 181. they bore that name , because their Arch-leaders , Montanus and Apelles were of the Country Phrygia ; they erred about Baptism , rejecting the form that Christ and his Apostles used ; they baptized their dead , held two Marriages as bad as fornication , with other wicked Tenets . Cataplasm ( cataplasma ) properly a medicine or poultis made of divers herbs either bruised or boiled in water , and so applied outwardly to the body : if there be oyl added after the decoction , it is not then called a Cataplasm , but an Emplaister . Catapult ( catapulta ) an antient warlike Engine to shoot Darts or great Arrows a far off ; and by this name was called not onely the instrument it self , but the arrow or whatsoever was shot out of it ; as Turneb . writes in his 15. Advers . cap 1. This Engine was also called Balista . Cataract ( cataracta ) a Portcullis , a great fall of water from an high place ; also a distillation of humors out of the eyes , a Flood-gate . Catarrhe ( catarrhus ) a Rhewm or distillation of waterish humors out of the head into the mouth , throat , or eyes , caused by a cold , and sometimes hot distemperature of the brain . Catastasis ( Gr. ) the third part of a Comedy , and signifies the state and full vigour of it . Tragedies and Comedies have four principal parts in respect of the matter treated of , 1. Protasis . 2. Epitasis . 3. Catastasis . 4. Catastrophe . Catastrophe ( Gr. ) a subversion , the end , or last part of a Comedy or any other thing : a sudden alteration , the conclusion or shutting up a matter , or the inclination unto the end , as Vitae humanae catastrophe , the end of a mans life . Catechetical ( from catechesis ) pertaining to an Instruction , by mouth or book . Catechize ( catechizo ) to inform or instruct . Catecumene ( catecumenus ) one lately taught and catechized by mouth ; or one that is catechized , but hath not received the Communion . Categorem ( categorema ) that part of a proposition which is predicated of the other . Categorematical . See Syncategorematical . Category ( categoria ) properly an accusation . It is also a term used in Logick , and is the same with predicament . See Predicament . Categorical ( categoricus ) plain , authentical , already resolved on . Cotgr. Catenate ( cateno ) to link , chain or tie . Catharians , were a branch of the Novatian Hereticks that lived in the third age after Christ . They took the name Cathari from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( which signifies clean or pure ) by reason of the cleanness and purity they challenged to themselves , saying , they were altogether pure from sin , and therefore omitted that clause in the Lords Prayer , Forgive us our Trespasses , as we forgive , &c. they denied original sin , and the necessity of Baptism , with other Heretical doctrines . Catharists ( so called from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. to purge , from certain execrable cleansings or purgings which they used ) a branch of the Manichean Hereticks , that appeared first to the world in the time of Pope Felix the first , and of Aurelian the Emperor , about the year of Christ 297. They rejected the Sacraments of the Church , held oaths to be unlawful , and forbidden Christians in all cases , &c. with other such mad positions . Cathartical ( catharticus ) pertaining to a purgative , or evacuative medicine ; and such medicines are called Catharticks . Cathedral ( from cathedra ) of or belonging to a chair . Cathedral Church , so called from the Bishops chair in every such Church ; what soever City gives title to a Bishop , there onely is a Cathedral Church , as at York , Worcester , Hereford , &c. but none at Shrewsbury , Northampton , &c. See Parish . Cathedrarious ( cathedrarius ) of or belonging to a chair or seat . Catholicisme ( catholicismus ) generality or universality , or the Orthodox Faith of the Catholick Church . Catholicon ( Gr. ) a certain composition in Physick , so termed , because it purgeth all kind of humors . Catholick King , a Title peculiar to the King of Spain ; as Most Christian , to France ; and Defender of the Faith , to England . Alphonso the first of Oviedo had this Title for his sanctity ; with him it dyed , and was revived in Alphonso the great , the Twelfth of Leon , and Oviedo , by the Grant of Pope John the Eighth : after it lay dead till the days of Ferdinand the great , who re-obtained this Title from Pope Alexander the Sixth , because he procured the Moors to be baptized , banished the Jews , and in part converted the Americans to Christianity . Hist . of Spain . Catholisation , The being or becoming a Catholick . Catopticks professors of the Opticks , or art speculative . Catoptromantie ( catoptromantia ) divination by vision in a glass . Cavalier ( Fr. ) Caval●ro ( Sp. ) a Knight or Gentleman , serving on horse-back , a man of Arms. Cavalry ( Spa. cavaleria ) Fr. cavallerie ) Horse-men in an Army , Knighthood , Horsemanship . Caveary or ●ckary a strange meat like black Soap , made upon the River Volgba in Russia , out of a fish called Bellongina , the Sturgeon , the Severiga , and the Sterledy , and thence transported to England , and other Countries , 2. part of Treas . &c. Caveat ( from caveo ) let let him take heed ; but it is commonly used as a substantive , for a warning or admonition ; And so among the Proctors , when a person is dead , and a competition ariseth for the Executorship , or Administratorship , the party concerned enters a Caveat , to prevent or admonish others from intermedling . Caverne ( caverna ) a cave , den or hollow place . Cavesan or Cavechin ( Fr. Cavesanne ) a false rein , or head-strain ( commonly of silk ) to lead , or hold a horse by . Cavillation ( cavillatio ) a mock or jest , a subtil allegation , a forged cavil ) a wranggling . Cavity ( cavitas ) hollowness , emptiness . Caulking a Ship , is the driving of Ockham , spun hair , & the like into all the Seams , rends and treenels of the Ship , without which 't is impossible for her to swim and keep out water . Cauphe . See Coffa . Cauphe-house a Tavern or Inn where they sell Cauphe or Coffa . To Caupona● ( cauponor ) to sell wine or other victuals , to sell for money or gain , ; to cauponate a war , is to make war for money . 4. Ages Poem . Caursines ( otherwise called Lumbards ) were Italians by birth , and came into England in the year 1235. terming themselves the Popes Merchants , driving no other trade then letting out money , great banks whereof they brought over into England , differing little from Jews , save that they were more merciless to their debtors . Some will have them called Caursines , quasi causa ursini , so bearish and cruel in their causes , others Caursini , quasi Corrasini , from scraping all together . Fuller , lib. 3. pag. 59 , 61. Caus-way , is well known to be a way paved with flint or stone , from the Fr. Cailloéux i. flinty ; and I have been informed that Caux in old French signified a flint , now Caillon . Causality Causation ( causatio ) an excuse , essoyning or pretence . A Causal , that contains or expresses the cause of a thing ; In Grammer these are conjunctions causal , nam , quia , &c. Causidick ( causidicus ) a Lawyer , a Pleader , an Advocate or Counsellor , which may also be taken adjectively . Caustick ( Causticus ) apt to burn or scald ; also a medicine that burneth , and is used when a disease cannot otherwise be mastered . Bull. Cautele ( cautela ) a provision , or taking heed , an assurance . Cautelous ( from cautela ) circumspect , wary , advised . Cauterie ( cauterium ) a hot iron , or searing iron , which is by Physitians called an actual Cauterie ; and a potential Cauterie is that which is without fire and iron , but hath partly like strength , as Vnguentum Aegyptiacum , &c. Cauterism ( cauterismus ) a cutting , burning , or searing the body for an inflammation or swelling . Cauterize ( cauterizo ) to burn , stop up , or sear with hot irons , ointments or medicines . Cautional Cautionary ( cautionalis ) pertaining to caution , pledge , or wariness . Cautionary , or pledge Towns , are such as are pawned or given in assurance for mony , or fulfilling of Covenants or Articles agreed on . Cauter ( Lat. ) he that foreseeth , or bewareth . Cayer ( Fr. ) a quire of written paper , a piece of a written book , divided into equal parts . Lustr . Ludov. Cecity ( caecitas ) blindness . Ceculients , ( from caecutio ) a waxing blind , dimness of sight , purblindness , half blindness . Br. Cedent ( cedens ) giving place , departing , yeilding . Celature ( caelatura ) the art of engraving . Celebrity ( celebritas ) a solemn Assembly of great personages , famousness , greatness in the world , renown . Celibate . See Caelibate . Celebrate ( celebro ) to frequent , to solemnize with an Assembly of men , to make famous : also to keep a festival day or other time with great solemnity . Celeripedean ( from celeripes ) swift-footed , nimble-heel'd . Celerity ( celeritas ) quickness , speed , haste . Celestify ( from caelestis ) to make celestial , heavenly or excellent . Vul. Er. Celestines . An Order of Fryers , instituted by one Peter , a Samnite , born in the year 1215. He alwayes wore a chain of Iron next his flesh , and over that a shirt of hair . Pope Gregory the eleventh confirmed this Rule : they follow St. Bennet , and took name from the said Peter , who for his Sanctity was chosen Pope , and called Celestine the fifth . Heyl. Celsity Celsitude ( celsitudo ) loftiness , excellency haughtiness , nobleness , highness . Celostomy ( coelostomia ) when one speaks hollow in the mouth . Celt ( Celta ) one born in Gaul , a part of France . Celtique ( celticus ) pertaining to the people of Gaul . Cement or Ciment ( caementum ) a strong and cleaving Morter , made for the most part of Tiles , Potsheards , Glass , Flint , dross of Iron , &c. beaten all to dust , and incorporated with Lyme , Oyl , Grease , Rozen and Water . Min. Hence Cemented , made or wrought with such Morter , souldred or pieced together . Cemetery ( Lat. Coemeterium Fr. Cimitiere ) a Church-yard . Cenatical Cenatory ( caenaticus ) pertaining to a supper . Cenotaph ( cenotaphium ) is an empty funeral monument or tomb , erected for the honor of the dead , wherein neither the corps nor reliques of the defunct are deposited ; in imitation of which , Herses are set up in Churches , commonly on the Anniversary day . Weaver . fol. 32. Cene ( coena ) a Supper or Feast . Cressy . Cenosity ( caenositas ) foulness , or filthiness . Cense ( census ) a cessing , mustering or valuing the people . When the Roman Commonwealth flourished , the City of Rome contained 463000 men able to bear Arms , free Denizons , and such as were inrolled into Cense , besides Servants , Women and Children . Heyl. Cension ( censio ) a punishment or censure of condemnation done by the censor , an advice or opinion . Censer ( thuribulum ) a vessel belonging to the Sanctum Sanctorum , wherein the Priest did burn incense before our Lord , in the old Law , Rev. 8.3 . which vessel and the use of it in some sort is still continued by the Roman Catholicks in their Churches upon festival days , &c. A persuming-pan . Censor ( Lat. ) a Master of Discipline , a judge or reformer of manners , one that values , musters , or taxeth . The Office of the Censors among the ancient Romans , was chiefly to value mens estates , that accordingly every man might be taxed for the wars ; to censure ill manners , punish misdemeanors , depose Senators , and put men from a more honorable Tribe to a lower ; Also to Demise unto certain Farmers , called Publicans , the publick profits of the City for a Rent , and to put forth the City-works to them to be undertaken at a price . Censorious Censorian ( censorius ) pertaining to the Censor , severe , grave . Centaurs ( Centauri ) people of Thessaly , who first devised to break horses for war , whence they being seen by other people on horseback , were supposed to be but one creature , which had the upper part of his body like a man , and the nether part like a horse . This was in the time of the war between the Thessalians and the Lapithae , Ann. Mundi 2724. Rider . Or ( as Servius declares ) when some yong Thessalians on hors-back were beheld afar off , while their horses watered , that is , while their heads were depressed , they were conceived by their first spectators , to be but one animal , and answerable hereunto have their pictures been drawn ever since . Centenary ( centenarium ) that which contains a hundred years , or a hundred pound weight . Centre ( centrum ) the point in the midst of any round thing , the inward middle part of a Globe . The Earth is called the Center of the world , because it is in the midst thereof . Centoculated ( quasi centum habens oculos ) that hath a 100 eyes ; Feltham , in his Resolves , useth this word , as an Epithere for Argus . Centon ( cento ) a garment patched up of many shreds , and divers colours ; a work compiled of many fragments , a mingle mangle of many matters in one book , a Rapsody . Central ( centralis ) pertaining to the Center , scituate in the very midst . Centuple ( centuplex ) a hundred fold . Centuplicated , made or increased an hundred fold . Century ( centuria ) a band of a hundred footmen , the number of a 100 , an age containing an hundred years . Among the ancient Romans , Centuries were the ranges and degrees of men according to their worth , as they were assessed and inrolled by the Censors . Centuriate ( centurio ) to divide by hundreds , to distribute into bands . Centurists , Four German Writers of the Ecclesiastical History , who divided their works into hundreds of years , and called them Centuries . Centurion ( centurio ) a Captain over an hundred foot-men . Cephalconomancy ( Gr. ) divination by an Asses head broiled on coals . Cotgr. Cephalique ( cephalicus ) belonging to , or good for the head . Cepi Corpus ( i. I have taken the body ) is a return made by the Sheriff , that upon an Exigend or other Writ , he hath taken the body of the party . Fitzha . nat . br . fol. 28. Cepphick ( cepphicus ) very light , trifling , of no estimation . Ceramity ( ceramites ) a precious stone of the colour of Tyle . Ceratine ( ceratinus ) as Ceratine arguments , sophistical and intricate arguments . Cerberus , A Dog with three heads , feigned to be Porter of Hell gates . By the three heads are signified the three Ages , by which death devours man , viz. Infancy , Youth , and old Age. Rider . Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Personat , adverso recubans immanis in antro . Virgil. Cerdonists or Cerdoniant , a sect of ancient Hereticks , so called from Cerdo their first Father , who taught two contrary principles to be in the cause of every thing , a good God and a bad ; under the the bad he ranked Moses and the Prophets , under the good he comprehended Christ , and the teachers of the Gospel , &c. he was the Master of Marcion the Heretick , and lived about the year of Christ 150. Rider . Cereal ( cerealis ) pertaining to corn , or food , or to Ceres the Goddess of Harvest . Cerebrosity ( cerebrositas ) brain-sickness , hair-brainedness . Ceromancie ( ceromantia ) divination or soothsaying by wax put into water . Ceromatick ( ceromaticus ) anointed with oyl , as Wrestlers were wont to be . Cerinthu●rs . So called from Cerinthus an Heretick , who taught , that Christ at his coming again should give to his people all carnal delights and pleasures : he denied all the Scripture , onely Matthew excepted , and lived about the yeer of Christ 97. Rider . Ceroferarie ( ceroferarius ) he that has the care or custody of the wax-candles in a Monastery ; also the candlestick . Cerote ( cerotum ) a plaister made of oyls , Turpentine and wax , a Searcloth . Certaminate ( certamino ) to contend or strive , to be at variance . Certiorari , is a a Writ issuing out of the Chancery to an inferior Court to call up the Records of a cause therein depending , that conscionable justice may be ministred , upon complaint made by Bill , that the party seeking the said Writ , hath received hard dealing in the said Court. Terms of the Law. See the divers forms and uses of this in Fitzh . nat . br . fol. 242. Cervine ( cervinus ) belonging to an Hart , of the colour of an Hart , tawny . Ceruleated ( from coeruleus ) painted , or done with blew or azure , sky-coloured . Herb. Tr. Ceruse ( cerussa ) white lead ; often used by Chyrurgeons in oyntments and plaisters . It is with Painters a principal white colour ; and hath been and still is much used by women in painting their faces , whom Martial in his merry vain scoffeth , saying , Cerussuta timet Sabella solem . Ceruse differs from Lithargy ( called also white lead ) for this is made of the grossest lead as it is in the Mine , that of lead refined out of the Mine . Cotgr. See Lithargie . Cesariated ( caesariatus ) which hath or weareth long hair . Cessant ( cessans ) that doth nothing , that prolongs the time , lingring . Cessation ( cessatio ) slackness , idleness , rest , loytering . A cessation of Arms is , when both sides are agreed that no act of hostility shall be committed , during a certain time set down . Cession ( cessio ) a giving up or ceasing , a yielding or giving over . Bac. Cessor ( Lat ) a Loyterer , an idle fellow . Cest ( cestus ) a marriage girdle , full of studs , wherewith the Husband girded his Wife at the Wedding , and which he loosed again the first night . Cetareous Cetaciou● ( cetarius ) belonging to Whales , or such like great fishes . Cha , is a leaf of a tree in China , about the bigness of a Mirtle , which being dried in iron Sives over the fire , and then cast into warm water , serves for their ordinary drink . Hist . of China , f. 19. Chag● ( Fr. ) cark , melancholy , heaviness , anxiety , anguish of mind ; also a disease coming by melancholy . Mr. Mont. Chalcographer ( chalcographus ) a Printer , or one that ingraves in brass . Chaldean-Art ( Ars Chaldaea ) fortune-telling or figure flinging . So called , for that the Chaldaeans were much addicted to Judicial Astrology . Chaldron , or Chalder of Coals , contains Thirty six Bushels . Act of Parl. 1651. ca. 1. Chalybete ( chalybaeus ) of or belonging to steel or iron . Chalybete Water ( in the Physical dialect ) is that water wherewith hot steel or iron has been extinguished . Chamelionize , To live by the Air , as the Chameleon is said to do , or to change colour , as that beast doth , who can turn himself into all colours , saving white and red . Chamf●ring , a small gutter or furrow made by art upon some pillar of stone , or timber , called also a Rebate . Chamfered , channelled or made hollow . Chamverdekins , or Chaumberdakyns , were Irish begging Priests , banished England 1. Hen. 5. c. 7 , 8. Chamelot or Chamolet , a kind of stuff intermixt with Chamois or Cammels hair , and therefore so called . Chamois , a wild-Goat , or Shamois , the skin thereof dressed is called ordinarily Shamois Leather . Champarty ( from the Fr. Champ-parti . i. the field or land divided , between him that has the title , and the Champerter who maintains the suit ) signifies in our common Law a maintenance of any man in his Suit depending , upon condition to have part of the thing ( be it Lands or Goods ) when it is recovered . Fitzh . nat . br . fol. 171. and for this the party is to be fined by the Stat. 33. Ed 1. Lamb. 441. Champertors , are those that move Pleas or Suits , or cause them to be moved , either by their own procurement or by others , and pursue them at their proper costs , to have part of the land in variance , or part of the gain . An. 33. E. 1. Stat. 2. in fine . See more of this in Cowel . Chanfton , The name of an Italian coyn worth about xx d. Chanterie ( Fr. from the Lat. canto , to sing ) was a Chappel ( commonly annexed , to some Parochial or Cathedral Church ) endowed with lands or other yearly Revenues , for the maintenance of one or more Priests , daily to sing Mass for the Souls of the Donors , or such others as they did appoint . 37 Hen. 8.4 . 1. Edw. 6.14 . Of these Chanteries , there were forty seven within St. Pauls Church London . See Mr. Fullers Ch. Hist . l. 6. f. 357. Chanticleer ( Fr. ) one that sings clear , a Cock. Chaomancy ; a kind of divination by the air . Chaos ( Gr. ) a huge immense and formless mass , the rude and undigested first heap of natural elements ; the world so called , before it was formed , as in Ovid. Vnus erat toto naturae vultus in orbe , Quem dixere Chaos — And metaphorically , any thing without a shape , a general confusion . Chaperon ( Fr. ) a Hood or French-Hood ( for a woman ) also any Hood or Bonnet ; mentioned in the Stat. 1. R. 2.7 . And among Heraulds it is that little Escotcheon which is fixed in the forehead of the horses that draw the Herse . Chapin ( Span. ) Shooes with high cork , or wooden soles . Chaplet ( Fr. chapelet ) a Wreath , Garland , or attire for the head made of Gold , Pearl , or other costly or curious stuff , used to be fastned behind , in manner of a folded Roul or Garland . Chapter ( Capitulum ) signifies in the common and Canon Law ( whence it is borrowed ) Congregationem Clericorum in Ecclesiâ Cathedrali , conventuali , regulari vel collegiata ; why this collegiate company should be called a Chapter ( i. a little head of the Canonists ) is for that this Company or Corporation is a kind of Head , not onely to rule and govern the Diocess in the vacancy of the Bishoprick , but also in many things to advise the Bishop when the See is full . Character ( Gr. ) a mark , sign , seal , or print of any thing , a Branding-iron , a letter or figure . A Character in Chronology is a certain note whereby an infallible judgement is made of the time proposed . Greg. The Printers Characters , or names of their several sorts of Letters are , 1. Pearl , which is the least . 2. Non-Pareil . 3. Breviar . 4. Minion . 5. Long-Primer . 6. Smal Piquy . 7. Piquy . 8. English Roman . 9 Great Primer . 10. Double Piquy . 11. Small Canon . 12. Fat Canon . 13. Capitals . And all these , except the first , and four last have an English or black letter corresponding . Characteristique , pertaining to a character , mark , sign , or figure . Characterize ( characterizo ) to note , mark , or describe . To write in Short-hand , or in characters . See Brachygraphy . Charientism ( charientismus ) pleasantness , good grace in speaking . It is a trope or manner of speaking which mitigates hard matters with pleasant words . Charlatan ( Fr. ) a Mountebanck , a cousening Drug-seller , a pratling Quacksalver . Mr. Montagu uses it . See Mountebank . Charlatancry ( Fr. ) cousening , or gulling speech , cogging , lying , extream commendation of a trifle , thereby to make it more saleable . Charls ( in the antient Teutonick , from whence this name takes original ) was first Garedel , whereof by abbreviation it became Careal , now in the modern Teutonick it is Barle . Gar did signifie all , and edel or ethel , noble ; so that Charles signifies all or wholly noble . In the old Saxon it was Ceorl . Verst . Charles-wain , certain Stars winding about the north Pole of the world , in fashion like four Wheels , and horses drawing it . Bull. Charmer ( one that useth conjurations ) is said to be he that speaks words of a strange language , without sence ; that if one say so or so to a Serpent , it cannot hurt him . He that whispers over a wound , or reads over an Infant , that it may not be frighted , or lays the Bible on a child , that it may sleep , &c , Moses and Aaron , p. 175. Charnel-house ( Fr. ) Charneir ) a place wherein the Souls and bones of the dead are laid . Charons-boat , Poetically thus . Charon is feigned to be the Ferry-man of Hell , that carries the souls of the dead in a boat over three Rivers . i. Acheron , Styx , and Cocytus . Chart ( charta ) paper , parchment or any thing to write on : Also a writing or written Deed. Charter ( Fr. Chartes , i. instrumenta . ) It is taken in our common Law for written evidence of things done between man and man , which Briton in his 39 chapter divides into Charters of the King , and Charters of private persons . Charters of the King are those whereby the King passeth any Grant to any person or more , or to any body politique , as a Charter of exemption that a man shall not be empanelled upon any Jury , &c. Cowel . Charter-land ( terra per Chartam ) is such as a man holds by Charter , that is , by evidence in writing , otherwise called Free-hold , an . 19. H. 7. c. 13. and Kitch . fol. 86. Charter-partie , is an Indenture of Covenants and agreements made between Merchants and Mariners concerning their Sea affairs . Stat. 32. H. 8.14 . & 1649. 21. Charybdig , A Gulph , or Whirl-pit on Sicily side of the narrow Seas between Sicily and Italy , which violently attracting all vessels that come too nigh it , devours them , and casts up their wrecks at the shoar of Tauronia , not far from Catana . Opposite to this in Italy stands the dangerous Rock Scylla , at whose foot many little Rocks shoot out , on which the waters strongly beating , make that noise which the Poets feign to be the barking of Dogs . This passage between these two being , to unskilful Marriners , exceeding perillous , gave rise to the proverb , Incidit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charybdim . Who seeks Charybdis for to shun , Doth often times on Scylla run . Heyl. Chasmatical ( chasmaticus ) pertaining to a chasm ; which is the gaping or opening of the earth or firmament . Chatharist . See Catharist . Chasuble ( Fr. ) a fashion of Vestment or Cope , that 's open onely in the sides , and is worn at Mass , both by the Priest ( who hath it round ) and his assistant Deacon , and sub-Deacon , who have it square in the bottom . Cotg. Chattels . See Catals . Chauldron . See Chaldron . Chaunce-medley , Is in our Common Law the casual slaughter of a man , not altother without the fault of the slayer . See Man-slaughter . Cheapside , the famous London street is so called , from the Sax. Ceapan , i. to traffick , buy or sell ; hence also comes to cheapen . Chenix ( Lat. chaenix ) a measure containing a Sextary and half , or about two pints and a quarter . Chersonese ( chersonesus , the same with pen●insula ) a tract of Land , which being almost encompassed round by water , is joyned to the firm land by some little Isthmus or narrow neck of land , as Peloponnesus , Taurica and Peruana . Heyl. Cherub Cherubin ( Heb. i.e. fulness of knowledge ) the second of the nine Quires or Ranks of Angels mentioned in Scripture , so called of their sublime knowledge or illuminated understanding . In Scripture God is said to sit on the Cherubins ; because he over-reaches and is above all understanding . They also are said to bear and draw his Chariot : to signifie all his proceedings to b● according to wisdom ; and to be full of eyes , to certifie Gods knowledge to penetrate into all secresies , and all to be open before him . They are set forth only with heads and wings , without bodies : whereby is notified , that greatest understanding is found in spiritual and incorporeal creatures , and that over-great corporal cares are impediments to profound knowledge . Tr. of Mass . Chessiy , A vermine commonly lying under stones or Tyles . Chevissance ( Fr. ) an Agreement or composition made ; an end or order set down between a Creditor and a Debtor ; sometimes taken for gain or booty . Lo. Bac. in his H. 7. This word is used for bargaining . An. 37. H 8. ca. 9. & 13. Eliz. ca. 5. & 8. Cheverel-Leather . Minshew says it comes from the Fr. Chevreul . i. a wild Goat , of whose skin ( saith he ) it is made . But others hold it takes denomination from the River Charwel or Chervel , in Latin Cheruellus , running on the East side of Oxford , the water whereof is famous for tawing or dressing Leather ; then which , no Leather in the world is more soft , white and delicate . Doctor Pit in his description of Oxford . Cheverons ( Fr. Chevron ) strong rafters that meet at the top of the house , to hold up the Tyles and covering of the house . Chibbol ( caepulo ) a little Onyon . Chicanerie ( Fr. ) wrangling , pettifogging , litigious or crafty pleading , the perplexing of a cause with tricks or impertinent words . Childermas-day . See Innocents day . Chiliad ( chilias , adis ) the number of a thousand . Chiliarch ( chiliarchus ) a Collonel , Captain , or Commander of a thousand men . Chiliasts ( chiliastae ) certain Hereticks , who hold that Christ shall come to live and reign corporally , and his Saints with him , in a fulness of worldly contents here on earth for a thousand years after the general Resurrection . The first broachers of this Opinion are thought to be Cerinthus , and Papias , St. John the Evangelists Disciple , who lived about the year of Christ 100. They are now commonly called Millenarians . Rider . Chilonick , or Chilonian ( chilonicus ) brief , succinct , compendious ; from one of the Grecian wise men , Chilo , who in all his speeches and writings was very short . Chimaera , A hill in the South part of the Province of Lycaonia , in the top whereof Lyons roared ; in the middle , Goats grazed ; and in the lower parts Serpents lurked . Hence Chimaera is feigned by the Poets to be a Monster , having the head of a Lyon , the body of a Goat , the tail of a Serpent . Ovid. Quoque Chimaera jugo mediis in partibus hircum , Pectus & ora Leae , Caudam Serpentis habebat . Chimer ' her mid-parts from a Goat did take , From Lyon head and breast ; tail from a Snake . This Mountain was made habitable by Bellerophon , who is therefore feigned to have killed the Monster Chimaera . Hence Chimaera is metaphorically taken for a strange fancy , a castle in the air , an idle conceit . Chimaera was also the name of a ship , for so Virgil ( l. 5. Aeneid . ) calls one of the greatest ships of Aeneas . Chimerical ( from Chimaera ) imaginary , phantastical , that never was , nor ever will be . Chiminage ( from the Fr. Chemin . i. a way , passage or rode ) a Law-term , signifying a Toll for Wayfrage or passage through a Forest . Manwood , part 1. of his For. Laws fol. 86. Chiragrical ( from Chiragra ) that hath the Gowt in the fingers or hands . Chirograph ( chirographum ) a sign Manual , a Bill of ones hand , an obligation or hand-writing . Chirographer ( chirographus ) an Officer in the Common Bench that engrosseth Fines , in that Court acknowledged , into a perpetual Record , &c. Chirology ( chirologus ) a talking or speaking with the hand , or by signs made with the hand . Chiromancer ( chiromantes ) a Palmester , or one that tells fortunes by the lines of ones hand . Chiromancy ( chiromantia ) Palmestry , a kind of divination practised by looking on the lines or marks of the fingers and hands ; an Art still in use , among Fortune-tellers , Egyptians and Juglers . And is ( according to my Lord Bacon ) a meer Imposture . Chiromancy according to Paracelsus , treats not of the lineaments of the hands only , but also of the whole body , and not only of men , but of all natural things . Of which read Dr. Rothmans Treatise translated into English by Mr. Wharton . 1652. Chironomer ( chironomus ) one that teacheth to use gestures with the hands , either in dancing , pleading , &c. a Morice-dancer . Chivalry ( Fr. Chevalerie , in Lat. servitium militare ) signifies in our Common Law a tenure of Land by Knight-service ; which is taken away by Act , 1656. ca. 4. Chivalry is otherwise taken for Knighthood , or the knowledge of a Knight or noble person in feats of Arms ; also valour , prowess . Chlorie , The Goddess of Flowers , called also Flora. Chocolate a kind of compound drink , made , and so called , by the Indians ; the principal ingredient , is a fruit called Cacao , which is about the bigness of a great black fig , &c. See more in a Treatise of it , printed by Jo. Okes , 1640. Chorus ( Lat. ) a Company of Singers or Dancers , a Quire. The singing or musick between every Act in a Tragedy or Comedy . In a Comedy there are four Accessory parts . viz. 1. The Argument . 2. Prologue . 3. Chorus . 4. Mimick . Of all which , the Tragedy hath onely the Chorus . Of these see more in Mr. Godwins Anthology . ch . de Ludis . Choral ( choralis ) belonging to the Chorus or Quire. As Viccars Choral , mentioned in Act 1649. ca. 24. Choriambiqus ( choriambus ) a foot in Meeter , having the first and last syllable short , and two middle short , as flebilibus . Churister . See Quirister . Chorographer ( chorographus ) a describer of Countries and Regions . C●raphy ( chorographia ) is a description of any whole Region , Kingdom or Nation ; and is two fold ; 1. Antient , by Tribes and Families , as Germany was divided betweee the Chatti , Cherusci , Suevi , Tencteri , &c. 2. Modern , into Shires and Provinces , as Germany now is into Francony , Saxony , Suevia , Bavaria , &c. Heyl. Chrisome ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) signifies properly the white cloth , which is set by the Minister of Baptism upon the head of a child newly annointed with Chrism after his Baptism : Now it is vulgarly taken for the white cloth put about or upon a child newly Christned , in token of his Baptism ; wherewith the women use to shrowd the child , if dying within the month ; Otherwise it is usually brought to Church at the day of Purification . Chrisme ( chrisma ) a kind of hallowed oyntment used by the Roman Catholicks in the Sacrament of Baptism and for certain other Unctions . And is composed of Oyl and Balm . Chrismatory ( from Chrisma ) a vessel wherein that Oyl was kept , wherewith Kings were wont to be annointed at their Coronation , or wherein the Holy Oyl called Chrism is kept . Christianism ( christianismus ) Christianity , the being or profession of a Christian . Chromatick ( chromaticus ) that never blusheth , whose colour never changeth ; also pleasant or delightful ; as Chromatick Musick , pleasant Musick , composed much of discords to render it more delightful . But Chromaticum melos ab antiquis dicebatur una ex tribus musicae partibus , quae ob nimiam mollitiem infamiae nota non caruit . Chronical ( chronicus ) temporal , or returning at a certain time . Chronical Diseases , are such as come at certain times by fits , and have some intermission . Chronogram ( from the Gr. chronos . i. tempus , and Gramma , Litera ) is a kind of Sentence or Verse , in which the figurative letters do promiscuously make up the year of our Lord ; ( which letters are usually for distinction printed in a different Character . As upon Duke Bernard of Weymer his taking Brisack in the year , 1938 , This. InVICto fortIs CeCiDit BraeIsaels AChILLI , IVngItVr & tanto DIgna pVeLLa VIro . Chronographer ( chronographus ) a writer of Chronicles or Annals . Chronography ( chronographia ) the writing of Annals , or description of time . Chronology ( chronologia ) a speaking of times , or the Art of numbering the years from the beginning of the world . Heylin saith , Chronologies are onely bare supputations of the times without any regard of the acts then happening , such are the Chronologies of Funccius , Scaliger and Helvicus . Chronologer ( chronologus ) he that computes times , a writer of Chronicles . Chronologicks , books treating of Chronology . Chrysocol ( chrysocolla ) a kind of Mineral , found like sand in veins of brass , silver or gold ; one kind of it is called Borax or green earth , wherewith Gold-smiths solder gold . Chrysolite ( chrysolithus ) a kind of Jasper , of a Gold colour . Chrysopase ( Fr. ) a precious stone that yeelds a golden lustre . Church-Wardens ( Ecclearum Gardiani seu custodes ) are Officers yearly chosen by the consent of the Minister and Parishoners according to the custom of every several place , to look to the Church , Church-yard , and such things as belong to both , and to observe the behaviour of their Parishioners for such faults as appertain to the Jurisdiction or censure of the Court Ecclesiastical . They are a kind of Corporation enabled by Law to sue for any thing belonging to their Church , or poor of their Parish . See Lambert in his Pamphlet of the duty of Church-wardens . Churle ( Sax. Ceorle ) a Country Clown , a Bumpkin ; in the North a Carle . Chyle ( chylus ) the white juyce of digested meat , the matter whereof our blood is made . The word originally signifies a juyce concocted by heat unto a consistence that holds both of moysture and driness . Cot. Chylifactory ( from chylus and factus ) that maketh or causeth the white juyce coming of the meat digested in the stomach . Vul. Er. Chylification , a making or causing of that white juyce in the stomach . Chymick or Chymist and Chymistry . See Alchimy . Chymere . See Taberd . Cibarious ( cibarius ) pertaining to meat , sit to be eaten . Ciboir ( Fr. ) a Pix , the box or cup wherin the Sacrament is put and kept in the Churches of Roman Catholicks . Cibosity ( cibositas ) plenty of victuals , store of food . Cicatrice ( cicatrix ) a token , a scar of a wound , skin bred upon a wound or soar . Ciceronical ( from Cicero ) learned or eloquent , as Cicero was . Cicurate ( cicuro ) to tame or make tame . Br. Cilerie or Silerie , Drapery wrought on the heads of Pillars or Posts , and made like cloth , or leaves turning divers ways . See Silery , and Drapery . Cilice ( cilicium ) a cloth or garment made of hair . Cilicious ( cilicius ) pertaining to hairy or woollen cloth . Br. Cimbal . See Cymbal . Cimeliark ( cimeliarchum ) a Jewel house ; also a Vestry in a Church . Ciment . See Cement . Cimisse , A noysom little worm flat and red , which raiseth Wheals where it bites : if it be broken it yields a stinking smell . Bull. Cimeterre ( Fr. ) a crooked sword . See Scymitar . Cimmerian . That sees no Sun , or lives without the light of the Sun , obscure , dark , from Cimmerii a people of Italy , dwelling in a Valley near the mountain Pausilype , so invironed with hills , that the Sun never comes to it . Hence the proverb Cimmerian darkness , where Ovid placeth the Palace of Somnus . Est prope Cimmerios longo spelunca recessu , Mons cavus , &c. Metam . lib. 11. A Cave there is near the Cimmerians deep In hollow hill , the Mansion of dull sleep ; Never by Phoebus seen ; from earth a night There of dim clouds ascends , and doubtful light . Cincture ( cinctura ) a girding . Cindalism ( cindalismus ) a play that Boys use to fling at a heap of dust , dust-point . Cinefaction ( cinefactio ) a reducing into , or burning unto ashes . Cinefy ( cinefacio ) to bring to ashes . Ciniph ( Lat. ) a Gnat. Cinerulent ( cinerulentus ) full of ashes . Cinnaber or Cinoper ( cinnabaris ) Vermillion , Sanguinary ; is either natural ( a soft , red , and heavy stone found in Mines ) or artificial ( the more common and better coloured ) made of calcinated Sulphur and Quick-silver . The Paynims used to paint their Idols therewith , and themselves in publique feasts and solemnities , as we read , Camillus , when he triumphed in Rome , was painted with Vermillion . So Virgil speaking in his tenth Eglogue of the shepherds god Pan , saith . Pan Deus Arcadiae venit , quem vidimus ipsi Sanguineis ebuli baccis minioque rubentem , Pan , the Arcadian God , we saw appear With bloody berries stain'd and Cinoper . Cinque Ports ( Fr. ) five Ports or Havens which lie towards France in the East of England , ( viz. ) Hastings , Dover , Hithe , Rumney , and Sandwich ; for Rye and Winchelsea are but limbs or members belonging to Hastings , as likewise Lid and old Rumney , are Limbs of the Port of new Rumney , and not distinct Ports by themselves . The Inhabitants of these Cinque Ports and of their members , enjoy divers priviledges above the rest of the Commons of that Country . They pay no Subsidies ; Suits at Law are commenced and answered within their own Liberties ; their Majors have the credit of carrying the Canopy over the King or Queen at their Coronation . And for their greater dignity , they are placed then at a Table on the right hand of the King. Min. See the first institution of these Cinque Ports , and of the Lord Warden , in Camdens Brit. fol. 230. Cion , Dion or Scion ( Fr. ) a Plant , a young Shoot , or Sprig growing out of the root or stock of a Tree . And by a metaphor , a childe or youth . Cipher ( ciphra ) a figure or number , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , are the figures , and ( 0 ) a cipher in Arithmetick , Which ( 0 ) of it self is of no value , but encreaseth the value of other figures , to which it is joyned . Hence 't is we use to say that person stands for a cipher , who being in company of others , neither speaks nor acts as they do . There is also a kind of writing , which we call by Ciphers or Characters , whereof every exercised Statesman hath peculiar to himself , and which was invented by J. Caesar , when he first began to think of the Roman Monarchy , and was by him in his Letters to his more private and retired friends , used , that if by misfortune they should be intercepted , the contents of them should not be understood ; ne obvia literarum lectio cuivis esset . Heyl. Of these there are many kindes , as Ciphers simple ; cyphers intermixt with Nulloes or non-significant characters ; cyphers of double letters under one character ; wheel-cyphers , kay-cyphers ; cyphers of words , cyphers of actions and others , Bac. Adv. p. 264. Circensial , belonging to the Cirques , or to the Plays called Circenses , there exhibited . Circinate ( circino ) to make a circle , to compass , or turn round . Circuition or Circiture ( circuitio ) a compassing or going about ; also a circumstance far-fetched . Circular ( circularis ) pertaining to a circle . Circulate ( circulo ) to compass about , to environ . Circulation , properly an incircling or invironing : also a subliming or extraction of Waters or Oyl by Lymbeck , so termed , because the vapor before it is resolved , seems to go round , or circle-wise . Min. Circum ( a preposition often compounded with other words ) signifies about , round about , of all sides or parts . As Circumaggerate ( circumaggero ) to heap , or cast a heap about . Circumambulate ( circumambulo ) to walk round about . Circumambient ( from circum and ambio ) environing or encompassing about , or on all sides . Sir Jo. Suckling useth it thus . The Circumambient air doth make us all To be but one bare individual . Circumbilivagination , circular motion going round , wheeling about . Cotgr. Circumcelians , the rigid sort of Donatists , as the Rogatists were the moderate ; so called , quia circum cellas vagantur . St. Aug. in Psal . 32. Circumcesion ( circumcessio ) a giving up , or ceasing round about ; a general yielding . Circumcinct ( circumcinctus ) compassed or girt about . Circumcision ( circumcisio ) a cutting about , or making incision ; And to speak more properly , it is a cutting away a part of the prepuce and double skin , which covered the head or extremity of Virga virilis , which was performed with a sharp cutting stone , and not with any knife of iron steeled , &c. It was a ceremony prescribed by God to Abraham and his posterity , heirs of the divine promises ( Genesis 17. ) and commanded to be observed by them , under pain of death , as a sign and seal of the Covenant betwixt God and them , and as a distinctive mark of them from all other people . This ceremony was to be fulfilled in their male-children on the eighth day after their nativity , but was no more used after the Resurrection and Ascension of our Lord Jesus . Circumferentor , an instrument that Surveyors use . A Circumflex is that mark , which is used over the letter ( a ) in the second person of the preterperfect-tense of a Verb of the first Conjugation , when one syllable is cut off by the figure Syncope . As Amasti , for Amavisti . Circumflexion ( circumflexio ) a bowing or bending round about . Circumfluent Circumfluous ( circumfluus ) that flowes and runs about , or that is flowed about . Circumfodient ( circumfodiens ) that digs or entrenches about . Circumforaneous ( circumforaneus ) that haunts Markets to deceive , that loyters idlely in Markets . Circumfulgent ( circumfulgens ) shining about , or on all sides . Circumfusion ( circumfusio ) a sprinkling or pouring about . Circumgyration ( cicumgyratio ) a turning , or wheeling round about , a dizziness . Plutarchs Morals . Circumjacent ( circumjacens ) lying about or on all sides . Circumincession ( from circum and incedo ) a going or walking round about ; among Divines it signifies the reciprocal being of the persons of the blessed Trinity in each other . Circumlition ( circumlitio ) an annointing about , also a polishing . Circumlocution ( circumlocutio ) an uttering of that in many words , which might be said in fewer . Circumplicate ( circumplico ) to fold or winde about , to roll or wrap about . Cicumrotation ( circumrotatio ) the going about of a wheel . Greg. Circumscript ( circumscriptus ) written or drawn about with a line ; also deceived or disannulled . Circumstantiate ( from circumsto ) to cause a standing about , to do or perform any thing with its circumstances . Circumstantibus ( a law term ) signifies those that stand about for supply or making up the number of Jurors ( if any impannelled appear not , or appearing , be challenged by either party ) by adding to them so many other of those that are present , or standing by , as will serve the turn . See Anno 35. Hen. 8. cap. 6. and Anno 5. Elizab. cap. 25. Circumstatien ( circumstatio ) a standing round about . Cicumvallation ( circumvallatio ) a trenching about or enclosing . Cicumvest ( circumvestio ) to cloth round about , to garnish . Circumvent ( circunvenio ) to compass about , to deceive craftily . Circumvolate ( circumvolo ) to flye about . Circumvolve ( circunvolvo ) to roll , or wrap round about . Circundate ( circundo ) to compass about , to enclose . Circundolate ( circundolo ) to chip , cut , or hew about . Circunduction ( circunductio ) a leading about ; also a deceit or guile . Circunligate ( circunligo ) to tye or binde about . Circunsonate ( circunsono ) to make a sound on all parts , to be heard on every side ; to ring about . Circunspicuous ( circumspicuus ) which may be seen on all sides . Circunvagant ( circunvagus ) that wandereth about . Circunvection ( circunvectio ) a carrying or conveying about . Cirque ( circus ) a round Place or List at Rome , where people sat to behold Tourning , Coursing , Justing , and such like publick Exercises , first instituted in Tarquinius Priscus his raign . See Sands sol . 297. Cisalpine ( cisalpinus ) of or pertaining to the Country of Lombardy . Cisterne ( cisterna ) a vessel set in the ground , wherein they gather rain water to keep , any hollow Vault . Cistercians , a religious order of Monks instituted about the year of Christ 1088. under Pope Vrban the second , by Robert , Abbot of the famous Monastery of Cisteaux in Burgundy , whence the observers of that institute were called Cistercians . Into that Monastery , entered afterward one Bernard , a Burgundian , who proved so strict an observer of Monastical discipline , and so eminent in sanctity and learning , that the Regulars of the aforesaid institute took their appellation from him , and were called Bernardines , and so are at this day sometimes called by the one name , sometimes by the other . Their uppermost robe is white and large , they eat no flesh , they follow in part St. Benets Rule . Of these we had several Monasteries in England , as Rivax , Garradon , Woburn , &c. Citation ( citatio ) a summoning to appear , a calling into Law , an Arrest . Citherean Isle . See Cytherean . Citharist ( citharista ) he that plays on a harp , a Harper . Citharize ( citharizo ) to play on the harp . Citrean Citrine ( citreus ) which hath the colour of a Citron , yellow colour , of or belonging to a Citron . Cittadel ( Ital. Cittadella ) a Castle or Fortress of a City , either to aw or defend it . Civet ( Fr. civette ) a sweet substance like musk , some say it is the dung of the beast Hyena ; Others , that it is engendred in the skin of the testicles of a beast , much like a Feyne , some calling them Cats . Civic● ( civicus ) pertaining to the City . The Civick Crown was bestowed onely upon him , who had saved a Citizens life ; though in process of time it was also bestowed on the Lord General , if he spared a Roman Citizen , when he had power to kill him . Clan . a Family , feud , or party in Scotland , so called . Clancularious or Clancular ( clancularius ) secret or unknown . Clandestine ( clandestinus ) secret , hidden , private . Clangor ( Lat. ) the sound of a Trumpet , the cry of an Eagle or other bird . Clarentius or Clarentiaux A King at Arms , in degree second to the Garter , and was ordained by Edward the fourth ; for he attaining the Dukedom of Clarence by the death of George his brother , whom he put to death for aspiring the Crown , made the Herauld that properly belonged to the Duke of Clarence , a King at Arms , and called him Clarentius , His Office is to marshal and dispose the Funerals of all Knights and Esquires through the Realm , on the south side of Trent . Pol. Vir. See Harald . Claricords , instruments so called . Claricymbal , See Clavecymbal . Clarigation ( clarigatio ) a clearing , a proclaiming or denouncing war , &c. See Reprizal . Clarion ( Fr. Clairon ) a kinde of small straight-mouthed , and shrill-sounding Trumpet , used commonly as a treble to the ordinary one . Min. Clarifie ( clarifico ) to make clear or fair . Clarisonant ( clarisonus ) sounding clear , loud , or shril . Classe ( classis ) a ship , or Navy , an order , or distribution of people according to their several Degrees . In Schools , ( wherein this word is most used ) a Form or Lecture restrained to a certain company of Scholars . Classical ( classicus ) pertaining to a ship , or belonging to a form or degree ; approved . Servius Tullius caused a general valuation of every Citizens estate throughout Rome , to be taken upon record , with their age ; and according to their estates and age , he divided the Romans into six great Armies or Bands which he called Classes ; The valuation of those in the first Classe , was not under two hundred pounds , and they alone by way of excellency , were termed Classici : And hence figuratively , are our best , and most approved authors , viz. such as are of good credit and authority in the Schools , termed Classici Scriptores , Classical Authors . God-win . Claudicate ( claudico ) to halt , to be lame , or feeble , to fail Apol. for learning . Claudity ( clauditas ) lameness . Clavecymbal ( clavecymbalum ) a pair of Virginals , or ●laricords ; so called , because the strings are wrested up with clavis , a key . Min. Clavicularious ( clavicularius ) of or pertaining to a key . Clavigerous ( claviger ) that bears or keeps keys . Claustral ( claustralis ) of or pertaining to a Cloister or close place . Clementines , part of the Canon-Law , so called from Pope Clement the third , who compiled it , and was published about the year , 1308. Min. Cleped ( Sax. ) called , named . Clepsydre ( clepsydra ) a water-Dyal , a vessel that measureth hours by the running of water thereout ; Also a Gardiners watering-pot , an hour-glass . Cleromancy ( cleromantia ) a divination by lots . Clickets ( Fr. Clicquets ) flat bones , wherewith a pretty ratling noise is made by children . Cot. Cliental ( clientalis ) of , or belonging to a Client . Clientele ( clientela ) a multitude of Clients : Also safeguard or protection . Climacter ( climactera ) an account or reckoning made by degrees ; the perillous time of mans life , at every seven or nine years end ; Some have hereby divided the age of mans life in this manner ; The seventh year they reckon dangerous , and by this account the 14 , 21 , 28 , 35 , &c. are climacterical years ; likewise the ninth year is esteemed equally dangerous , and so the 18 , 27 , 36 , &c. and 81 especially , which is nine times nine . But the most dangerous and climacterical year is , at the age of 63. because both accounts meet in this number , namely , seven times nine , and nine times seven . See a learned discourse of these climaterical years , in Dr. Browns Vulgar Errors , fol. 208. Climacterical Climaterical ( climactericus ) of , or pertaining to Climacter , supra . Cliff is properly a broken mountain on the Sea-side , and comes from our Verb to cleave ; for that it seems to our view , as cleft or cloven from the part that sometimes belonged to it . Climate or Clime ( clima ) a term used in Cosmography , and signifies a space of the earth comprehended between two parallels , or three lesser innominate Circles ; They serve to distinguish the length and brevity of the dayes in all places . For under the Aequator , the days are of the just length of twelve hours , but after in every Clime they increase the length of half an hour ; so that there are numbred forty eight Parallels , or twenty four Climates , before the dayes extend to twenty four hours length , which once attained , they increase by weeks and moneths , till they come to the length of half a year : We therefore are to reckon twenty four Climates Northward , and as many Southward . Heyl. Clinopaly ( clinopale ) overmuch use of Lechery , or wrestling in the bed . Cloaca ( Lat. ) the Channel or Sink of a Town , whereby all filthy things pass ; An House of Office : Also the Paunch of a Glutton . Hence Cloacal , pertaining to such filth . Clothe , one of the three destines . See Lachesis . Clove is the 32 part of a Weigh of Cheese , i. eight pound . An. 9. H. 6. c. 8. Cluniacks ( cluniacenses ) religious persons of the order of St Benedict , but reformed by Odo , Abbot of Cluni in Burgundy ( who lived An. Dom. 913 ) and thence took name ; of these we had a Convent at Barnstable and elsewhere in England . Clusive ( clusus ) shut up , compassed . Clysterise ( from Clyster , eris ) to give a Clyster , to purge or wash , to convey by Clyster up into the guts . Coacervation ( coacervatio ) heaping or gathering together . Bac. To Coacervate , To heap together . Co●ction ( coactio ) heaping together , a compulsion or constraining . Coadjutor ( Lat. ) a fellow-helper , one that labors in the same affair with another . Coadjuvate ( coadjuvo ) to help or assist together . Coadunation ( from coaduno ) a gathering , assembling , uniting or joyning together . Coagitate ( coagito ) to move or stir together . Coagulate ( coagulo ) to joyn or congeal together , to gather into a cream or curd ; to make that which was thin thick . Coalesce ( coaleseo ) to grow together , to close again , to increase . Dr. Charlton . Coalition ( coalitio ) a nourishing or increasing together . Coangustation , a making one thing strait with another , a making narrow . Coarctate ( coarcto ) to strain , to gather a matter into few words , to shorten . Coassation ( coassatio ) a planking with boards , a boarding or joyning a floor . Coxation ( coaxatio ) the croaking of Frogs or Toads . Dr Featly in his Dipper . Coccineau ( coccineus ) died into scarlet , or crimson colour . Coctible ( coctibilis ) easie to be sod or baked . Cochin●al or Cuchanel ( Lat. Coccus Spa Cochinilla ) a kinde of dust or grain , wherewith to die the Crimson or Scarlet colour ; it is a little worm breeding in a certain shrub , which they call Holy-Oke , or Dwarf Oke , and is found in Cephalonia and other places ; on the leaves whereof there ariseth a tumor , like a blister , which they gather , and rub out of it a certain red dust , that converts ( after a while ) into worms , which they kill with wine ( as is reported ) when they begin to quicken . Bac. Nat. Hist . Cocket , is a seal pertaining to the Custom-house . Regist . Orig. fol. 192. a. Also a Scrowle of Parchment , sealed and delivered by the Officers of the Custom-house to Merchants , as a warrant that their Merchandize is customed . An. 11. H. 6. cap. 16. This word is also used for a distinction of bread in the Statutes of Bread and Ale , made An. 51. H. 3. where you have mention of bread Cocket , Wastel-bread , bread of Trete , and bread of common wheat . Cowel . Cockle-stayres ( cochlea ) a pair of winding stairs . Sir H. Wot . Cockleary , pertaining to such stairs ; crooked . Dr Br. Cock●ey or Cockneigh applyed onely to one born within the sound of Bow-bell , that is within the City of London , which term came first ( according to Minshew ) out of this Tale ; A Citizens Son riding with his Father out of London into the Country , and being utterly ignorant how corn grew , or Cattel increased , asked , when he heard a horse neigh , what he did ? his Father answered , the horse doth neigh : riding farther , the Son heard a Cock crow , and said , doth the Cock neigh too ? Hence by way of jeer he was called Cock-neigh . A Cockney , according to some , is a child that sucks long : But Erasmus takes it for a child wantonly brought up , and calls it in Lat. Mammothreptus . Cambden takes the Etymology of Cockney , from the River Thamesis , which runs by London , and was of old time called Cockney . Others say the little Brook which runs by Turnbole or Turnmil-street , was anciently so called . Coction ( coctio ) a seething , boiling or digesting . Coctive ( coctivus ) sodden , easily boiled , soon ripe . Code ( codex ) a volume containing divers books ; more particularly a Volume of the Civil Law so called , which was reduced into one Code , or Codice , by Justinian the Emperor , it being before in three , which is therefore called Justinians Code . Min. Codebec ( Fr. ) a kinde of course French hat so called . Codicil ( codicillus ) a diminutive of Code or Codex ) a little book , a Schedule or supplement to a Will , also a letter missive . Writers conferring a Testament and a Codicil together , call a Testament a great Will , and a Codicil a little one , and compare a Testament to a ship , and the Codicil to a boat tied to the said ship . Codicils are now used as additions annexed to the Testament , when any thing is omitted which the Testator would add , or any thing put in , which he would retract . A Codicil is the same that a Testament is , but that it is without an executor . See Swinburn in his Treatise of Testaments , and Wills , p. 1. sect . 5. Codinniack ( Fr. Cotignac ) conserve or marmolade of Quinces . Coemption ( coemptio ) a buying together . Coemptional ( coemptionalis ) which is often in buying , or a buying together . Among the Romans , Coemptionales senes , were those old men , in whose tuition and authority , men by their last Will and Testament , left their Widows or Daughters , and without whom they might not pass in Dominium virorum per coemptionem . i. be married , according to the Ceremony called Coemption , whereby the Husband and Wife seemed to buy one another . Livie . See more of this in Godwins Anthology , chap. de nuptiis , &c. Coercible ( coercibilis ) which may be bridled or restrained . Coertion ( coertio ) restraint , keeping in order and subjection , punishing . Coetaneous ( coaetaneus ) which is of the same time and age . Coeternal ( coaeternus ) of the same eternity , lasting together for eternity , equally eternal . Coeval ( from con and aevum ) that are of the same age or time . Cogitative ( cogitativus ) musing , pensive , full of thoughts . Coffa or Cauphe , a kind of drink among the Turks and Persians , ( and of late introduced among us ) which is black , thick and bitter , destrained from Berries of that nature , and name , thought good and very wholesom : they say it expels melancholy , purges choler , begets mirth , and an excellent concoction . Herb. tr . 150. nat . hist . 155. Cognition ( cognitio ) knowledge , judgment , examination of things . Cognominal ( cognominis ) that hath one and the same name or sir-name . Cognoscible ( from cognosco ) that may be known or enquired into ; knowable . Coherence ( cohaerentia ) a joyning together , a loving or agreeing with each other . Cohibency ( cohibentia ) a keeping under or restraining . Cohibition ( cohibitio ) a letting or forbidding to do . Cognizance or Cognisance ( cognitio . i. knowledge ) in our Common Law is diversely taken ; sometimes it signifies an acknowledgement of a Fine , or confession of a thing done ; as also to make Cognizance of taking a distress ; sometime , as an audience or hearing a thing judicially , as to take Cognizance : Sometime a power or jurisdiction ; as Cognizance of Plea , is an ability to call a Cause or Plea out of another Court , which no one can do but the King , or supreme Magistrate , except he can shew Charters for it . Manw. part . 1. p. 68. See the new terms of Law , and the new book of Entries , Verbo , Conusance . Cognizance is also a badge of Armes upon a Serving-man , or Watermans sleeve . Cognoscitive ( from cognosco ) that knoweth or may be known or enquired . Cohesion ( cohaesio ) a sticking or cleaving to , or together . Cohort ( cohors ) a Band of Souldiers , any company of men whatsoover . Cohort was ordinarily a Band of 5000 Soldiers , though once or twice in Livie we read of Quadragenariae cohortes . See Legion . Cohortation ( cohortatio ) an exhortation , perswading , or encouraging . Coition ( coitio ) an assembly , confederacy or commotion ; also carnal copulation . Coines ( ancones ) corners of a wall . Coincident ( coincidens ) that happens at the same time . Coincidency , a hapning at at the same time . Coinquinate ( coinquino ) to soil , or stain , to defile or defame . Colaphize ( colaphizo ) to buffet or beat with the fist . Collabefaction ( collabefactio ) a destroying , wasting or decaying . Collachrymate ( collachrymo ) to weep or lament with others . Collactaneous ( collactaneus ) that is nursed with the same milk . Collapsed ( collapsus ) slid , fallen down , discouraged . Collaqueate ( collaqueo ) to entangle together . Collateral ( collateralis ) not direct , on the one side , joyning to , or coming from the same side . Every degree of kindred , is either right lineal , or Collateral . The right lineal is that which comes from the Grandfather to the Father , from the Father to the Son , and so still right downward . Collateral is that which comes side-ways , as first between Brothers and Sisters , then between their Children , &c. Also Uncles , Aunts , and all Cousens are contained under this term Collateral kindred . Collateral assurance , is that which is made over and beside the Deed it self . For example , if a man covenant with another , and enter Bond for the performance of his covenant , the Bond is termed Collateral assurance ; because it is external , and without the nature and essence of the covenant . Cowel . Collaterate ( collatero ) to joyn side by side . Collation ( collatio ) a joyning or coping , a benevolence of many ; also a short banquet or repast . Collation of a Benefice , signifies the bestowing a Benefice by the Bishop , that hath it in his own gift or Patronage . Book-binders and Sellers also use the word in another sence , as to collation a Book , is , to look diligently by the letters or figures at the bottom of the page , to see that no sheet is wanting , or too much . Collatitious ( collatitius ) done by conference or contribution of many . Collative ( collativum , subst . ) a Sacrifice made of many mens offerings together , a benevolence of the people to the King. Collative ( adjectively ) conferred together , made large , mutual . Collaud ( collaudo ) to praise with others , to speak well of . Collect ( collectum ) that which is gathered together ; and more particularly , it is the Priests Prayer in the Mass , so called because it collects and gathers together the supplications of the multitude , speaking them all with one voyce ; or because it is a collection and sum of the Epistle and Gospel for the day ; it is also used in the like sence in the Common Prayer Book . Collectaneous ( collectaneus ) gathered or mingled with many things , that gathers or noteth out of divers works . Collectitious ( collectitius ) gathered of all , or many sorts . Collective ( collectivus ) that is gathered together into one . Collegue ( collega ) a companion or Co-partner in Office . Collegate ( collego ) to send together . Coller days , were certain festival days at Court ; so called because on those days the King and Knights of the Garter , did use to wear their Collers of S● . Collet ( Fr. ) the throat , or fore part of the neck ; It is also that part of a Ring or Jewel , wherein the stone is set . See Bezil . Collide ( collido ) to knock or bruise together . Colligate ( colligo ) to tye or gather together , to comprehend or wrap up . Sir H. Wot . Colligence , a knitting , gathering , or bringing together . Cotgr. Collimate ( collimo ) to wink with one eye , to level or aim at a mark . Collineate ( collineo ) to level at , or hit the mark . Colliquation ( colliquatio ) a melting or dissolving , a consumption of the radical humor , or substance of the body . Collision ( collisio ) a breaking , bruising or dashing together , Collision of a vowel , is the contracting two Vowels into one . Collistrigiated ( from collistrigium ) pertaining to , or that hath stood in a Pillory . Collitigate ( from con and litigo ) wrangling or going to law together . Colloquy ( colloquium ) talk that men have together , a conference . Colluctation ( colluctatio ) a wrastling or contending together . Hist . of iron age . Collusion ( collusio ) a playing together , deceipt , or cousenage . When an Action at law is brought against one by his own agreement to defraud a third person , we call it Collusion . Coliyre Collyry ( collyrium ) a physical term signifying any medicine for the eyes , most commonly applied in a liquid form . Colobe ( colobium ) a Coat with half sleeves , coming but to the knees , used by the Antients , and changed afterwards into the Dalmatica . Coloieros , A sort of Grecian Monks and Nuns , so called , whereof you may read in Mr. Sand's Travels , p. 81 , 82. Colon ( Gr. ) a mark commonly used in the middle of a sentence , and is made with two pricks thus ( : ) See Semi-colon . Colonie ( colonia ) the Romans ( when their City was too full of inhabitants ) used to with-draw a certain number to dwell in some other place , which number so withdrawn , as also the place to which they were sent was , and still is called by this name ; Also a Grange or Farm , where husbandry is kept . Colloquintida , a kinde of wild Gourd , which the Persians name , Gall of the earth , because it destroys all hearbs near which it grows . It is often used in Physick , to purge slimy gross humors from the sinews and joynts . Bull. Col●sse ( colossus ) a great Image or Statue made for the honor of any person , as in Rhodes there was one 70 Cubits high , made by Chares of Lindum in twelve years space , to the honor of the Sun. This Colossus was made in the Image of a man , the Thumb of which few men could fathom . The brass of this Statue was so much , that when Muani , General of Caliph Osman , united Rhodes to the Mahumetan Empire , it loaded 900 Camels . Heyl. We read also of a Statue of Nero which was a hundred foot high . But above all , that of Mercury made at Auvergne containing four hundred foot in height , and of inestimable value . 2. part Treasury . Colostration ( colostratio ) a disease or indisposition in the stomach of young ones , caused by sucking the Beestings or first milk that comes from the Teat . Colubriferous ( colubrifer ) that bears or brings forth Snakes or Serpents . Columbary ( columbarium ) a Pigeon-house or Culver-hole . Columbine ( columbinus ) Dove-like , pertaining to a Dove or Pigeon . Columity ( columitas ) safety , soundness , health . Column ( columna ) a round Pillar or Post : Also when a page or side of a leaf written or printed , is divided into two or more parts along the Paper , as this page is divided into two , those parts or divisions are called Columns . Columnary-Tribute ( columnarium ) a tribute that was exacted for every Pillar that held up the house . Colures ( coluri ) two great moveable Circles , passing thorow both the Poles of the world , crossing one another with right spherical Angles : So that like an Apple cut into four quarters , they divide the whole sphear into equal parts : the one passeth through the Equinoctial points and Poles , and is called the Equinoctial Colure : The other through the Solstitial points , and is called the Solstitial Colure Peacham . Comald , A strict Order of Friers begun in Italy , Ann. 1012. by Romoald of Ravenna ; Their first Monastery was built near Arezzo in the Dutchy of Florence , by one Comald , hence the name : their Robe is white , they follow the rule of St. Benedict . Grimston . Comarck ( comarchus ) an Earl , a Governor of a Town or City . Combination ( combinatio ) a coupling together , a setting together in Order : but it is most commonly taken for a practise between two or more for some evil deed . Combustion ( combustio ) a burning or consuming with fire . Combustible ( combustibilis ) soon fired , easie to be burned . Comedy ( Comoedia ) a Play or Interlude . It is a kind of Fable representing , as in a Mirror , the similitude of a civil and private life , beginning for the most part with some troubles , but ending with agreement or joy . These Plays are called Comoediae from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies Villages , because Comoedians did go up and down the Country , acting these Comedies in the Villages , as they passed along . Godwin . See Tragedy . Comediographer ( comoediographus ) a Comical Poet , or writer of Comedies . Comessation ( comessatio ) a late supper , inordinate or riotous eating ; Johannes Tislinus saith , it is a Bever taken after Supper , or a night drinking . Comestion ( comestio ) an eating or devouring . Comestible ( from comedo ) eatable , fit to be eaten . Sir H.W. Comet ( cometa ) a blazing star . It is properly a great quantity of exhalations hot and dry , fat and clammy , hard , compact like a great lump of pitch , which , by the heat and attractive vertue of the Sun and Stars , is drawn up from the earth into the highest Region of the Air , where , being near the Element of fire , it is enflamed , and appears like a Star with a blazing tail , and sometime is moved after the motion of the Air , which is circular , but it never goes down out of the Compass of sight ( though it be not seen in the day time for the brightness of the Sun ) but still burns till all the matter be consumed . Goodly Gallery . Comical ( comicus ) pertaining to , or which is handled in Comedies : also pleasant or merry . The Antient Grecians and Romans had four sorts of Stage-Plays , viz. Mimical , Satyrical , Tragical , and Comical . Of which see more in Mr. Godwins Anthologie , cap. de Ludis . Comices ( comitia ) were the solemn Assemblies of the people at Rome , lawfully summoned by the Magistrates , to chuse Officers , to enact new Laws or cancel old by their voyces . Comius pugnator ( Lat. ) one that fights near at hand , or hand to hand . Lo. Brook. Comity ( comitas ) gentleness , courtesie , mildness . Comitial ( comitialis ) pertaining to an Assembly of people convened for the chusing Officers or making Laws . Among the Antient Romans , if any of the people assembled were taken with the falling sickness , the whole Assembly or Comitium was dissolved ; hence the Falling sickness is at this day called Morbus Comitialis , or the Comitial evil . Godwin . Comma ( Gr. ) the least note of distinction , or a point in the part of a sentence without perfect sense , and is made thus ( , ) Commaculate ( commaculo ) to spot , to defile , or distain . Commandre , was the name of a Mannor or chei● Messuage with Lands and Tenements thereto belonging , relating formerly to the Priory of St. Johns of Jerusalem in England ; such is that at Eagle near Lincoln . These were given to the Crown by 32. Hen. 8. Commasculate ( commasculo ) to take stomach or hardiness . Commaterial , Of the same or of like manner of substance . Bac. Commeator ( Lat. ) one that goes to and fro , as a Messenger . Commemorate ( commemoro ) to reherse or remember . Commendaces ( Fr. ) Funeral Orations , Prayers made for the dead ; Verses made in praise of the dead . Cotg. Commendam ( commenda ) is , when a Benefice ( being void ) is commended to the charge and care of some sufficient Clerk , to be supplied , till it may be conveniently provided of a Pastor . In which case we use to say , such a one hath it in Commendam . And that this was the true original of this practise , you may read at large in Duarenus de Sacris Ecclesiae Ministeriis & Beneficiis l. 5. c. 7. Commensal ( commensalis ) a Table-companion . Doctor Kellison . Commensurability ( commensurabilitas ) an equal proportion or measure of one thing with another . A joynt measuring . Comment Commentary ( commentum ) an abridgement , an Exposition , a Book of Notes and Remembrances . The nature of Commentaries is properly to set down a naked continuance of the events and actions , without the Motives and designs , the counsels , speeches occasions and pretext , with other passages : So that Caesar modestly rather then truly applied , the name Commentary to the best History in the world . Heyl. Comment , sometimes signifies a fiction or lye . Commentitious ( commentitius ) devised , feigned , counterfeit . Commessation ( commessatio ) a riotous or untimely Banquet , an inordinate eating . Commigration ( commigratio ) a flitting , or going from one place to another . Commilitons ( commilito , onis ) a Fellow-souldier , a Comrade . Commination ( comminatio ) a vehement or extream threatning . Comminuible ( from comminuo ) that may be broken in pieces or bruised . Vul. Er. Commissary ( commissarius ) a title of Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction , ordained to this special end , to supply the Bishops jurisdiction and Office in the out-places of the Diocess , or else in such Parishes as were peculiar to the Bishop , and exempted from the jurisdiction of the Arch-Deacon ; for where either by prescription or composition , there are Arch-Deacons , that have jurisdiction within their Arch-Deaconries , as in most places they have , there this Commissary is but superfluous . Commissary , is also an Officer in War , whose function is chiefly to look that the Provision and Victuals provided for the Army and Garisons be justly distributed and disposed . Cotgr. Commissure ( commissura ) a joynt of any thing closed and opened , a conjunction , a joyning , joyning close or couching things together . Sir Hen. Wotton . Committee , is he or they to whom the consideration or ordering of any matter is referred , either by some Court or consent of parties , to whom it belongs . As in Parliament , a Bill being read , is either consented to and passed , or denied , or neither , but refer'd to the consideration of some certain men , appointed by the House , farther to examine it , who thereupon are called a Committee . Common Hunt , The Lord Mayor of Londons Dog-keeper . Commorance Commoration ( commoratio ) an abiding or dwelling in a place together , a lingring : Also a figure , when one tarries long upon a matter . Commotes , signifies in Wales a part of a Shire , as a Hundred . An. 28. H. 8. c. 3. It is written Commoithes , A. 4. H. 4. c. 17. and is used for a gathering made upon the people ( as it seems ) of this or that Hundred , by the Welch-men . Commotion ( commotio ) trouble or disquieting . Commune ( communis ) that which belongs to one as well as another , common , publique . Communicate ( communico ) to impart with another , to talk together , to mix with . Community ( communitas ) a participation , fellowship , or society ; good correspondency , near familiarity one with another ; a Corporation or Company incorporate . Communion ( communio ) mutual participation together . Communition ( communitio ) a fortifying or making strong on all parts . Commutative ( commutativus ) bartering , trucking or exchanging one with , or for another . Compaction ( compactio ) a joyning or setting together . Compage ( compago ) a close joyning or setting together , a joynt . Br. Compaginate ( compagino ) to couple , joyn or knit together . Compart , Compartition or Compartment ( Fr. Compartiment ) a square Table or piece in building , especially of stone ; also a Bed or Border in a Garden ; a partition , or equal division . By Compartition , Architects understand a graceful and useful distribution of the whole ground-plot , both for rooms of office , and of reception or entertainment , as far as the capacity thereof and the nature of the Country will comport . Sir H. Wotton . Sea-Compass ( pyxis Nautica ) an instrument which Mariners use for their direction in Navigation ; whereon are described the 32 Points or Winds ; the Needle whereof ( being in manner of a Flower de Luce ) always points towards the North. About the year 1300 one Flavio of Melphi in Naples found out this Sea-Compass , consisting of eight ●inds onely , the four principal , and four collateral ; and not long after , the people of Bruges and Antwerp perfected that excellent invention , adding 24 other subordinate Winds or Points . Of this there are three kinds ; the first , the plain Meridional Compass . The second , a Compass of Variation . The third , a Dark Compass . Compatible ( from compatior ) that can abide , agree or suffer together ; concurrable , that can endure or bear with one another . Compatriot ( compatriota ) he that is of the same Country . Com●r ( from the Lat. compar ) signifies a fellow , an equal , a consort , a fellow in Peerage . But taken from the Latin Compater , it is a word by which the Father of a child calls the Gossips , Witnesses , or Godfathers of his child , and it may be read in significations somewhat different from these expressed . In the Isle of Zacynthus or Zant they have a custom at Weddings to invite many young men , whom they call Compeers , of which every one gives the Bride a Ring ; which done , it is there held an abuse as detestable as Incest , to accompany her in any carnal kind : wherefore they chuse such for Compeers , as have formerly been suspected of too much familiarity . Sands . Comp●llation ( compellatio ) a blaming or reproving ; a calling by names , or naming , with disgrace . Compendious ( compendiosus ) very concise , very short or brief . Compendium ( Lat. ) a saving or sparing , a gain by sparing an abridgement , a Compend . Bac. Compensable ( Fr. ) able to recompence or make amends for . Compensation ( compensatio ) a recompence , satisfaction or reward . Comperage ( Fr. ) Gossiping ; the affinity or friendship gotten by christening Children together . Cotgr. Comperendinate ( comperendino ) to delay , or prolong from day to day . Competible ( competibilis ) that may be asked or sued for with another , that may be convenint or agreeable . Competitor ( Lat. ) he that sues for the same thing with another . Competize ( competo ) to ask or sue for the same thing another doth , to stand in competition . Compital ( compitalis ) belonging to cross-streets , or places where many wayes meet . Compitalitious ( compitalitius ) of or belonging to the Feasts of Compitalia , which were solemnized in cross wayes or of streets . Complaisance ( Fr. ) delight , pleasure , fulness of , or fellowship in joy . Complacence Complaicence ( complacentia ) as complaisance . Complacentious Complaisant obsequious , observant , soothing ( and thereby ) pleasing . Complement ( complementum ) ( a furnishing , filling up , or perfecting that which wants : it is usually taken for verbal expressions of respect , of affection , of readiness to serve , and the like . Or Complement , is a performance of affected ceremonies in words , looks and gestures . Completion ( completio ) a fulfilling , accomplishing or performing . Dr. Ham. Annot. Complexive ( complexivus ) that may be embraced or contained . Complices ( from complex , icis ) companions or partners in evil . Complicate ( complico ) to fold up , or wrap together . Complicity ( complicitas ) a consenting or partnership in evil . Compline or Completory ( completorium ) the last of the Canonical Hours in the Roman Cath. Church , so called ; which began at nine of the Clock at night . See Prime . Complore ( comploro ) to bewail or weep together . Comportment ( Fr. comportement ) behavior , carriage , bearing of one self . Compositor ( Lat. ) he that sets , joyns or composes things together . See Impositor . Compotation ( compotatio ) a banquet , or drinking together . Compotist ( compotista ) a caster of accounts , a Reckoner , or Calculator . Comprecation ( Comprecatio ) a praying , desiring or beseeching . Comprehensible ( comprehensibilis ) that may be comprehended , contained , and laid hold of . Comprehensor ( Lat. ) a Comprehender . See Viator . Compromize ( compromissum ) is a mutual promise of two or more parties at difference , to refer the ending their controversies to the arbitrement and equity of one or more Arbitrators . West in the second part of his Symbolography under the title of Compromise , Sect. 1. defines it thus , A Compromise is the faculty or power of pronouncing sentence between persons at variance , given to Arbitrators by the parties mutual private consent , without publick Authority . Compression ( compressio ) a pressing or thrusting together . Compunction ( compunctio ) a pricking or stitch , remorse of conscience . Compurgator ( Lat. ) a cleanser , clearer or purger . Computist , the same with Compotist . Comrade . See Camerade . Comus , the god of Banquetting . Sive sit compotatio , sive amatoria lascivia . Concamerate ( concamero ) to vault or arch , as an Oven is . Concatenate ( concateno ) to chain , or link together . Concavous Concave ( Concavus ) hollow , bending , crooked . A Concave ( Concava ) a hollow place , or Cel. Concavity ( concavitas ) hollowness . Concede ( concedo ) to grant , yeeld , or condescend unto . Concention ( concentio ) a consort of many voices or instruments in one , an agreement or concord , singing in tune . Concentrick ( concentricus ) which hath one and the same Center . Conceptacle ( Fr. ) any hollow thing which is apt to receive , hold , or contain . Cotgr. Concertation ( concertatio ) strife , debate , disputation , variance . Concession ( concessio ) sufferance , leave , or pardon ; a Grant. Concidence ( concidencia ) a like falling in the ends of words . Conciliate ( concilio ) to accord , to make friends together , to reconcile . Concinnity ( concinnitas ) properness , aptness , handsomness , decency . Concion ( concio ) an Oration , Speech or Sermon made publickly to the people ; also the Assembly or Congregation it self . Concional ( concionalis ) pertaining to a Sermon or Oration , or to the Assembly or Pulpit . Concionator ( Lat. ) he that preaches or proposeth an Oration to the people . Concisso Concisure ( concisura ) a cutting or dividing ; a rent or schism . So St Paul ; Beware of the concision . Phil. 3.2 . Concise ( concisus ) brief ; beaten , cut , mangled , or killed . Concitate ( concito ) to provoke , stir up , or prick forward . Co●clamation ( conclamatio ) a shout or noise of many together . Conclave ( conclavium ) an inner Parlor , a Closet , or privy Dining Room : especially it is the name of the place in Rome , where the election of the Pope is made by the Cardinals . Also the meeting or Assembly of the Cardinals it self for that election or for any important affair of the Church . Conclavist ( from conclave ) one of those Cardinals that meet in the conclave for the election of the Pope ; or he that has the keeping of that room . Conclusive ( conclusus ) shut up , concluded , full and perfect . Concoction ( concoctio ) digestion in the stomach , a boyling . Concomitant ( concomitans ) following or accompanying together ; sometimes taken substantively for a companion . Concord ( concordia ) agreemen or peace ; It is in our Common-Law , by a peculiar signification , defined to be the very agreement between parties that intend the levying a Fine of Lands one to the other , how and in what manner the Land shall pass . Concordate ( concordo ) to be at concord or agreement , to agree . Concords , In Musick , which are Perfect or semi-perfect , between the Unison and the Diapason , are , the fifth , which is most perfect , the third next , and the sixth which is more harsh , and the fourth with is called Diatessaron Bac. Concorporate ( concorporo ) to mix or temper into one body , to incorporate . Concrement ( concrementum ) an increase or growing together . Concrete ( concretum ) a thing congealed or joyned together : Also a term in Logick , signifying a subject and an accident joyned together , as for example , Album is a Concrete , signifying a subject ( be it a man or a horse ) and the accident Albedo or whitness , joyned together ; And Albedo or whiteness by it self is termed the abstract of that Concrete . Concreted Concretive ( concretivus ) congealed , joyned or grown together : Concretion ( concretio ) a congealment , thickning , growing or fastening together . Concrimination ( concriminatio ) a joynt accusing . Concubinage ( concubinatus ) the keeping a Whore for his own filthy use , an unlawfull use of another woman instead of ones wife : In Law , it is an exception against her that sues for her Dowry , whereby it is alleadged , that she was not a Wife lawfully married to the party , in whose lands she seeks to be endowed , but his Concubine . Britton . cap. 107. Brac. lib. 4. Tract . 6. cap. 8. Concubinal ( concubinalis ) pertaining to a concubine . Concubinary , one that keeps a Concubine , which is as it were a half Wife , as the Hebrew word Pilgesh signifies . Conculcate ( conculco ) to tread under foot , to suppress or contemn , to wear with often treading or standing upon . Concumbence ( from concumbo ) a lying together . Concupiscence ( concupiscentia ) a fervent or covetous desire of a thing ; also lust , or the pravity of our nature . Concupiscible ( concupiscibilis ) that which desires earnestly or naturally , that which is desirable . The Concupiscible Faculty , is the unreasonable or sensual part of the soul , which covers meat , drink , and all sorts of delights beyond measure . Concussion ( concussio ) a shaking together , a dashing out , a terrifying , publick extortion by threatning . Concussionary ( Fr. Concussionaire ) a publick extortioner , one that ( counterfeiting an authority ) extorts gifts from men by threatning to punish or prosecute their offences . Condense ( condensus ) thick , close together , compact . Condensitie ( condensitas ) thickness , closeness , hardness . Conders ( from the Latin conducere , i. to conduct or lead ) are such as stand on high places near the Sea-coast , at the time of Herring-fishing , to make signs with Boughs , or such like in their hands , to the Fishers , which way the Shole of Herrings passeth ; For that may better appear to such as stand on some high Cliff on the shore , by a kinde of blew colour , that the said Shole makes in the water , then to those in the ship : These are otherwise called Huers and Balcors , as appears by the Statute . Anno 1. Jac. cap. 22. Condict ( condictum ) an accord or agreement , a composition , and appointment . Condiment ( condimentum ) sawce or seasoning . Condisciple ( condiscipulus ) a School-fellow , or Fellow-Disciple . Conditaneous ( conditaneus ) that may be sawced , seasoned , or preserved . Condited ( conditus ) sawced , seasoned , tempered , mixed , made savory . Bac. Conditor ( Lat. à condio ) one that seasoneth , sawceth , or tempereth . Conditor ( Lat. à condo ) a builder , maker , or founder . Condolence ( condolentia ) a sympathy in grief , a fellow-feeling of anothers sorrow . Condone or Condonate ( condono ) to give willingly , to forgive or pardon . Conducible ( conducibilis ) profitable , good , which may be hired . Condilome ( condiloma ) a swelling or excrescent flesh in or about the fundament , proceeding of an inflammation . Conduct ( conductus ) a Passport , a guiding or leading , a leading of Souldiers , as Commanders do . Salvus conductus , a licence of passing without molestation , or with warrant of security , a safe conveyance or conduct . Cone ( conus ) a Geometrical figure , broad beneath , and sharp above , with a circular bottom : Also any other thing , broad beneath , and small above . Confabulate ( confabulo ) to tell tales , to commune or discourse together . Confarreation ( confarreatio ) the solemnizing a Marriage , a ceremony used at the solemnization of a Marriage , in token of most firm conjunction between man and Wife , with a Cake of Wheat or Barley : This ceremony is still retained in part with us , by that which we call the Bride-Cake , used at many Weddings . Confarreated ( confarreatus ) married with that ceremony . Confection ( confectio ) a measuring , mingling , or dispatching . Confederate ( confoedero ) to consent or agree together . Confer●on ( confertio ) a stuffing or filling . C●nfessionary ( Fr. Confessionaire ) belonging to , or treating of auricular Confession . Conficient ( conficiens ) which finisheth , procureth , or worketh . Confident ( from confido ) a friend to whom one trusts , in whom he hath confidence , on whose assistance he relies , a a second in a single Combate ; it is also used adjectively . Configulate ( configulo ) to play the Potter , to work in clay . Confines ( confinia ) the End , Bounds or Marches of any Country . Confiscate from confisco , and that ( with the Fr. Confisquer ) from Fiscus , which originally signifies a Hamper , Pannier , Basket , or Freil ; but Metonymically , the Emperors Treasure , because it was antiently kept in such Hampers : And though our Kings kept not their treasure in such things , yet as the Romans said , that such goods as were forfeited to the Emperors Treasury for any offence , were bona confiscata , so we say , those that are forfeited to our Exchequer , are confiscated . See more of Goods confiscate in Stawnf . Pl. Cor. l. 3. ca. 24. Conflagitate ( conflagito ) to request or desire a thing importunately , or earnestly . Conflagrant ( conflagrans ) most earnestly desiring or burning in love . Conflagration ( conflagratio ) a general burning or consuming with fire . Confluctuate ( confluctuo ) to flow together , to be uncertain what to do . Confluence ( confluentia ) an abundance of any thing flowing or running together , a coming thick together . Conforaneous ( conforaneus ) of the same Court or Market place . Conge d'eflire ( Fr. i. leave to choose ) is a meer French word , and signifies in our common Law the Kings permission royal to a Dean and Chapter in time of vacation to chuse a Bishop , or to an Abby or Priory to chuse their Abbot or Prior. Fitz. nat . br . fo . 169. b. 170. b , c , &c. Congelative ( congelativus ) that hath the faculty to congeal or dry up . Congenerous ( congener ) of one stock or kindred , of the same sort or kind . Congeniality , a likeness of Genius or Fancy with another ; as Sir Hen. Wotton says , Poets and Painters have always had a kind of Congeniality . p. 254. Congeo● , an old word signifying a Dwarf . Congeriate ( from congeries ) to heap or lay together , to pile up . Felth. Congiary ( congiarium ) a dole or liberal gift of a Prince or Nobleman to the people ; it took name of the measure Congius , much about our Gallon , which was given in oyl or wine , by the Poll ; but afterwards any other such profit or distribution , were it in money or other provisions , passed under that title . Plut. Conglaciate ( conglacio ) to be frozen , to be idle . Conglob●t● ( conglobo ) to heap , gather together , or make round , or Globe-like . Conglomerate ( conglomero ) to wind thread on bottoms , to assemble or gather together . Conglutinate ( conglutino ) to glew or joyn together . Conglutinative , that which hath strength to glue together . Congratulate ( congratulor ) to rejoyce with one for some good fortune . Congregate ( congrego ) to gather or assemble together , to associate . Congregationalists , otherwise called Independents , or Dissenting Brethren in the late Assembly of Divines , are such as gather Congregations , &c. and go a middle way betwixt Presbytery and Brownism . The chief of these were Thomas Goodwin , Philip Nye , Sidrach Simson , Jeremiah Burrowes , and William Bridge . See Mr. Fullers Church History , l. 11. p. 208. See Independents . Congress ( congressus ) a going with another to fight , an encounter . Congruity ( congruitas ) agreeableness , conformity . Congruous ( congruus ) apt , convenient or fit for the purpose . Conical ( conicus ) belonging to a Conus , or the Crest of an Helmet . Conjugal ( conjugalis ) belonging to marriage . Conjugates ( conjugata ) that spring from one original ; a term in Logick . Conjugation ( conjugatio ) a joyning together , a derivation of words of one kind . Conjunction ( conjunctio ) a combination , coupling or knitting together : Also the part of speech termed a Conjunction ; a sentence which hath divers parts together . Conjunctive ( conjunctivus ) which knits or fastens together . Conjuncture ( conjunctura ) a joyning together . Conjuration ( conjuratio ) as it is compounded of ( con and juro ) signifies a compact or plot made by persons combining themselves together by Oath or Promise to do some publick harm . But in our Common Law it is used especially for such as have personal conference with the Devil or evil spirit , to know any secret , or to effect any purpose . An 5. Eliz. cap 16 And the difference between Conjuration and Witchcraft is , that the Conjurer seems by prayers and invocation of Gods powerful names , to compel the Devil to say or do what he commands him : The Witch deals rather by a friendly and voluntary conference or agreement between him or her , and the Devil or Familiar , to have his or her turn served for soul , blood , or other gift offered him : So that al● Conjurer compacts for curiosity to know secrets , and work marvels ; and the Witch of meer malice to do mischief . And both these differ from Inchanters , or Sorcerers , because the former two have personal conference with the Devil , and the other meddle but with medicines , and ceremonial forms of words called Charmes , without apparition . Daltons J.P. 279 Conizor or Cognizor ( Lat. cognitor ) in Law it is used in the passing of Fines ▪ for him that acknowledges the Fine ; and the Conizee is he to whom it is acknowledged . West . par . 1. Symb. l. 2. Sect. 59. & part . 2. tit . Fines Sect. 114. Conjure ( conjuro ) to swear or conspire together , to exorcise a spirit , i. to swear him or conjure him by the power of another , by the names or spels they use ; whereas Adjure is to swear one to , as I adjure , i. swear thee to it by mine own power , and conjure by the power of another . Connascenc● ( from con and nascor ) a growing , rising or springing together , a being born together . Vul. Er. Connexive ( connexivus ) that couples or knits together . Connubial ( connubialis ) pertaining to wedlock or marrying together . Connutritious ( connutritus ) that hath the same nourishment or bringing up . Conquassate ( conquasso ) to shake , dash , or break in pieces . Conquestion ( conquestio ) a complaining , lamenting , moan-making , or crying . Consanguinity ( consanguinitas ) kindred by birth or blood , nearness in blood . Consarcinate ( consarcino ) to patch or peice together , to add to . Conscension ( conscensio ) a mounting or climbing up , a leaping on horse-back . Conscission ( conscissio ) a cutting or paring . Conscissure ( conscissura ) a gash or cut , a renting in a place . Conscious ( conscius ) culpable , that is of Council , or guilty of a thing . Conscription ( conscriptio ) an enrolling , writing , or registring . Consectaneous ( consectaneus ) which follows others . Consectar● ( consectarium ) a brief argument wherein the conclusion necessarily follows the antecedent ; or a thing that follows out of another already demonstrated . Consectation ( consectatio ) a following together ; and in Philosophy it signifies the consideration of those affections of a Proposition , in respect whereof two Propositions signifie together the same thing , and are true or false . Hist . Phil. Consectator ( Lat. ) he that follows , or pursues . Consecutif Consecutive ( consecutus ) following or succeeding . Consecution ( consecutio ) a consequent , order or following . Moneth of consecution . See Moneth . Conseminate ( consemino ) to sow divers seeds together . Consentient ( consentiens ) concenting , agreeing , according . Consequentious ( from consequentia ) most important , full of consequence which necessarily followeth . Conservator of the peace ( Conservator , or Custos Pacis ) was an Officer that had charge to preserve the Kings peace , before the time of King Edward the Third , who first erected Justices of the Peace instead of those Conservators , &c. See Lamb. Eirenarcha . l. 1. ca. 3. Conservator of the Truce and safe Conducts ( ●onservator induciarum & salvorum Regis conductuum ) was an Officer appointed in every Port of the Sea , under the Kings Letters Patents , and had forty pounds for his yearly stipend at the least . His charge was , to enquire of all offences done against the Kings Truce , and safe Conducts , upon the main Sea , out of the Countries and Franchises of the Kings Cinque Ports , as the Admirals of Custom were wont , and such other things as are declared , An. 2. H. 5. ca. 6. Touching this matter you may read another Stat. An. 4. H. 5. ca. 7. Conservatory , a place to preserve , or keep things in . Also used adjectively . Conserves ( from conservo ) the juyce or substance of any thing boiled with Sugar , and so kept . Bull. Consession ( consessio ) a sitting together or with others . Consigne consigno ) to present , exhibite or deliver in hand , or into the hands of ; to assign over , to gage , or pawn . Consistory ( consistorium ) signifies as much as Praetorium or Tribunal . It is commonly used for a Council house of Ecclesiastical persons , or the place of Justice in the Court Christian ; A Session or Assembly of Prelates . Consitio● ( consitio ) a setting or planting . Consolidate ( consolido ) to make sound that which was broken , to make whole . Consolidation in our Common Law , is a combining or uniting two Benefices in one . Also a strengthning or joyning with . Consolate ( consolor ) to comfort and ease ones grief . Consonants ( consonantes literae ) letters which have no sound of themselves , but as they are joyned with others , b , c , d , &c. with all the rest , ( except the Vowels ) are called Consonants . Consort ( consors ) one that partakes of the same lot , a fellow or companion . Conspersion ( conspersio ) a sprinkling about . Conspurcatio● ( conspurcatio ) a defiling or making foul . Conspu●a● ( Lat. ) he that spits upon others . Consta● ( Lat. it is evident , plain , certain ) is the name of a kind of Certificate , which the Clerk of the Pipe , or Auditors of the Exchequer make at the request of any person , who intends to plead in that Court for discharge ( commonly ) of Lands Sequestred ; the effect of this Constat is to declare what does constare on Record , as for what cause the lands were sequestred , for what rent letten , and the like ; and the Auditors Fee for it , is 13 s. 4 d. A Constat is held to be superior to a Certificat , because this may err or fail in its contents ; that cannot , as certifying nothing but what is evident upon Record . Constellation ( constellatio ) an assembly , or company of Stars together in one sign , presenting some living creature or other thing , after a certain sort ; And of these Constellations , the number in the Heavens are 48. whereof 21 are in the North , 15 in the South , and 12 in the Zodiack . Hopton . Conster●ation ( consternatio ) a great fear or astonishment ; Also sedition or tumult . Constipate ( constipo ) to make thick together , to stuff together . Constrictive ( constrictivus ) that hath vertue to strain or bind together . Consubstantial ( consubstantialis ) of the same substance , whereof another is made . Consuetude Consuetudinal ( ●rom consuetudo , inis ) accustomed , wont , used . Also the Book wherein the antient customs of a Monastery were written was called the Consuetudinal . Consul ( Lat. from consulendo , of giving counsel ) a chief Officer among the Romans , of which two were chosen yearly to govern the City , and command their Armies . In Paris Les Consul● , are five honest and substantial Citizens , who determine all cases of debt ( not exceeding 4000 li. Turnois ) between Merchant and Merchant : Their authority continues but a year , and the utmost punishment they can inflict , is but imprisonment . In most Cities of Aquitain , the chief Governors are termed Consuls ; the rest of the good Towns in France have such Consuls , as Paris , by the names of Les Judges & Consuls des Merchands . Cotgr. Consummate ( consummo ) to make up or accomplish , to sum up a reckoning . Contabulate ( contabulo ) to plank or floor with boards , to joyn together . Contaction ( contactio ) a touching or joyning together , a staining or colouring . Felth. Contaminate ( contamino ) to violate or distain by touching or mixing , to defile or corrupt . Contemerate ( contemero ) to violate , defloure or pollute . Contemplatio● ( contemplatio ) beholding in mind , deep musing , study or meditation . Contemplation , ( in the accepted general notion of the word ) signifies a clear , ready , mental seeing and quiet regarding an object ; being the result and effect of a precedent diligent enquiry and search after the nature , qualities , and other circumstantial conditions of it . Mr. Cressy . Contemplative ( contemplativus ) that exercises or consists in contemplation , or study . Contemporiarism ( from con & tempus ) the being at one and the same time ; coexistency . Contemporaneous Contemporary Contemporal ( contemporarius ) that is of one and the same time or age . Conterminate ( contermino ) to lye near or border on a place . Conterraneous ( conterraneus ) that is of the same Country or Land. Contesse●ation ( contesseratio ) a league between strangers . Dr. Taylor . Contest ( contestes ) a fellow witness , or a witness examined in the same cause with another . It is used among the Civilians at Doctors Commons . Contestate ( contestor ) to bear or prove by witness , to witness together . Contexture ( contextura ) a weaving togethe● , a composition , the form and stile of a discourse , a making fi● . Contignation ( contignatio ) the raftering or rearing a house in Sollars , Stories or Floors , the boarding or planking a house . Greg. Contiguity ( from contiguus ) a touching one another , nearness , the close being of two together . Contiguous ( contiguus ) that toucheth or is next to , very near . Continency ( continentia ) a refaaining of ill desires , or more strictly , a refraining from all things delightful that hinder perfection . Continent ( continens , subst . ) a great quantity of Land , continued without division of Sea , as the Low Countries to Germany , that to Austria , Austria to Hungary , &c. It is otherwise called Terra firma . Contingent ( contingens ) which chanceth or hapneth . Continuity ( continuitas ) a continuation , wholeness , intireness , or intire conjunction . Contorsion ( contorsio ) a wrestling or wreathing . Continual Claim , is a Claim made from time to time , within every year and day to land or other thing which in some respect we cannot attain without danger : For example , if I be disseized of Land , into which ( though I have right ) I dare not enter for fear of beating , it behoves me to hold on my right of entry to the best opportunity of me and my Heirs , by approaching as near it as I can once every year , as long as I live , and so I save the right of Entry to my Heirs . Terms of Law. Contorsion ( contorsio ) a writhing , wresting , or pulling away . Contrabanded Goods , prohibited goods , that are forbidden to be imported by Proclamation ; from the Ital. Bando , i. a Proclamation . In the Act of Parl. 1649. c. 21. t is written Contrabanda goods . Contramure ( Promurale ) an out-wall compassing the walls of the City , and placed before them for the more safeguard . Min. Contrasto ( Span. contrasta ) strife , contention , or opposition . Contratation ( Spa. ) a Contract ; a Bargain . A Contratation house , is a house where Contracts or Bargains are made . Contrectation ( contrectatio ) often touching , handling , or treating of . Contravention ( from contravenio ) a coming against , a speaking against one , an accusing . Contristate ( contristo ) to make sorry , heavy or sad . Contrite ( contritus ) worn or bruised ; but is most commonly used for penitent or sorrowful for misdeeds , remorseful . Contrition ( contritio ) bruisedness , or wearing with use . In Divinity it is a perfect sorrow and horror that a man hath for having committed sin , and this , for that he loves God with a soveraign and singular love . Or Contrition ( saith an Author ) is when the foulness of sin is set off onely by conceiving the goodness of God , without reflexion upon reward or pain . Contrition ( says another Author ) is the bruising a sinners heart ( as it were ) to dust and powder , through unfeigned and deep sorrow conceived at Gods displeasure for sin . Contrucidate ( contrucido ) to wound , to murder or kill . Contumacy ( contumacia ) disobedience , self-will , stubbornness . Contumelious ( contumeliosus ) reproachful in words , spiteful , disdainful . Contumulate ( contumulo ) to bury or intomb together . Conturd ( contundo ) to knock or beat in peeces , to strike down : And metaphorically to conquer or subdue . Contusion ( contusio ) a beating , pounding , or bruising . Convalesce ( convalesco ) to wax strong , to recover health . Convalescen ( convalescens ) that waxeth strong , or recovers health . Convalidate ( convalido ) to strengthen , to confirm , to recover health . Convene ( convenio ) to come or assemble together , to summon one to appear before a Judge . Convent . See Covent . Conventional ( conventionalis ) that is done with agreement , and consent of divers . Conventicle ( conventiculum ) a little or private Assembly or Convention , commonly for ill ; first attributed in disgrace to the Schools of Wicklif in this Nation , above 200 years since . Conventual ( from conventus ) belonging to a Covent or multitude resorting together , as of religious persons . Also a sort of Friers so called . Conv●ntual Church . See Parish . Convert . See Pervert . Convexity ( convexitas ) crookedness , hollowness , bending down on every side ; Convexity is the outside of an hollow body , as Concavity the inside . In a painted Globe of the world , the descriptions are upon the convexity thereof , and that face is convex , the rest is belly , or concave . El. Armory . Conviction ( convictio from convinco ) a proving guilty , and is in our Common Law , either when a man is outlawed , and appears and confesses , or else is found guilty by the Inquest . Min. Convoke ( convoco ) to call or assemble together . Convivi●l ( convivialis ) pertaining to Feasts or Banquets . Convocation ( convocatio ) a calling or assembling together , most commonly of Ecclesiastical persons for Church affairs . A Synod and a Convocation seem to be all one ; before the Statute of Premunire ( 16. Ric. 2. ca. 5. ) it was constantly called a Synod ; afterwards it took up the name Convocation , from the word● convocari faciatis , in the Kings Writ ; And ( since our Scotizing ) it is called an Assembly . Convocation-House , is that wherein the whole Clergy is assembled for consultation upon matters Ecclesiastical in time of Parliament ; and as the house of Parliament , so this consisted of two distinct houses ; One called the higher Convocation-house , where the Arch-Bishops , Bishops , &c. sate severally by themselves ; the other the Lower Convocation house , where all the rest of the Clergy were bestowed . Cow. See Prolocutor . Convoy ( Fr. ) is most commonly taken for a company of Souldiers or Ships for the wafting , or safe conducting of passengers . Convulsion ( convulsio ) a drawing together ; a plucking or shrinking up of the sinews , as in the Cramp ; or when the Mouth , Nose , Eye , Lip , or other part is turned awry out of its due place . Coolisse Broth. See Cullis , Co-operate ( coopero ) to labor or work together . Co-optate ( coopto ) to elect or chuse . Coparceners ( participos ) otherwise called Parceners , in our Common Law are such as have equal portion in the Inheritance of their Ancestor . Parceners are either by Law or Custom ; Parceners by Law , are the issue female , which ( in case of no Heir male ) come in equality to the Lands of their Ancestors . Bract. l. 2. c 30. Parceners by custom are those , that by custom of the Country challenge equal part in such Lands : As in Kent by Gavel-kind . See Littleton l. 3. ca. 1 , 2. and Britton c. 27. Intituled , de Heritage divisable . The ●own of England is not subject to Coparcenary . An. 25. H. 8. ca. 22. If Coparceners refuse to divide their common inheritance , and chuse rather to hold it joyntly , they are said to h●ld in Parcenary or Coparcenary . Lit. fol. 56. Copal , a kinde of white and bright Rosin brought from the West-Indies , whereof the people there were wont to make perfumes in their Sacrifices : It is hot in the second degree , and moist in the first , and is used here to be burnt against cold diseases of the brain . Bull. Copesmate ( from the Sax. Ceap . i. merchandise , and mate , i. companion ) a partner or copartner in merchandise . Copie ( copia ) plenty , abundance , riches , eloquence , provision of things . Copiosity ( copiositas ) plenty , store , abundance , copiousness . Copulation ( copulatio ) a coupling or joyning ; it was one of the three ways of betrothing marriage in Israel . See Moses and Aaron , p. 231. Copulative ( copulativus ) which coupleth or joyneth , or which may couple or joyn . Coquetteri● ( Fr. ) the prattle or twattle of a pert Gossip or Minx . Coquinate ( coquinor ) to play the Cook , to boyl or dress meat . Coraage ( coragium ) is a kind of imposition ( upon some unusual occasion ) of certain measures of Corn. For Corus tritici , is a certain measure of Corn. Bracton l. 2. ca. 26. Coral or Corral ( Corallium ) There are two principal sorts hereof , the one white , the other red , but the red is best . It grows like a tree in the bottom of the Sea , green when under the water , and bearing a white berry ; and when out , turns red . It is cold and dry in operation , good to be hanged about childrens necks , as well to rub their Gums , as to preserve them from the Falling-sickness . Sands 235. There is also a black and yellow kind of Coral . See more in Dr. Browns Vul. Err. fol. 91. A Corbel , Corbet , or Corbil . In Masonry is a jutting or shouldering peece cut out in stone , as we may see in walls , to bear up a post , Summer or other weight , ( which in Timber-work , is called a Bracket or Braggat . ) This and such like terms of art , for the most part are taken from the similitude of Beasts , Birds , or some living thing , which they resemble , whence this is called Corbel ( from the French Corbeau , a Crow or Raven ) because they were wont to make such Jutties out of a wall in form of a Crow . Min. See Bragget . Corban or Korban ( Heb. ) a Chest or Coffer in the Temple of Hierusalem , where the Treasure that served for the Priests or Temples use was kept . Also the treasure it self , or an Almes-box . Also a gift or offering on the Altar . Mark. 7.11 . Cordage ( Fr. ) Ropes , or stuff to make Ropes of ; all kind of Ropes belonging to the rigging a ship . Cordelier or Cordilier ( Fr. ) a grey Frier of the Order of St. Francis ; so called because he wears a rope or cord about his middle for a Girdle , full of twisted knots . Cordiner or Cordwainer ( from the French Cordvannier ) or from the Lat. corium , a Skin or Hide ) a Shoo-maker , a Tanner , or Leather-dresser , a Currier . Cordovan Leather , so called from Cordova or Corduba a City in Spain . In the Islands of Corfica and Sardinia , there is a beast called Musoli , not found elsewhere in Europe , horned like a Ram , and skinned like a Stag , his skin carried to Corduba , and there dressed makes our true Cordovan Leather . Corespond . See Correspond . Corinthian work , a sort of Pillars in Architecture . See Tuscan . Cornage ( from the Lat. cornu , a horn ) in our Common Law it signifies a kind of Grand Sergeanty , the service of which tenure is to blow a horn , when any invasion of the Northern Enemy is perceived , and by this many hold their Land Northward , about the wall commonly called the Picts wall . Cam. Brit. fol. 609. Cornelian Law , L. Cornelius Sylla , being Dictator , made a Law ( among others ) that all such as would follow him in the Civil War , should be capable of any Office or Magistracy , before they came to their full years , &c. Those kind of Roman Laws always took denomination from him that prefer'd them . Corneous ( corneus ) of , or like a horn , hard , or white as horn . Cornicle ( corniculum ) a little horn . Cornigerous ( corniger horned , having or wearing horns : One of the Wine-god Bacchus his Epithets , because with drinking much wine men grow fierce and furious , as horned beasts , whence that Satyrical , — Sumit cornua pauper . Cornice , a term of Architecture . See Frize . Cornucopia ( Lat. ) plenty or abundance of all things . Cornuted ( cornutus ) that hath horns : also Cuckolded . Corody Corrody ( from corrodo , to eat together ) signifies in our Common Law a sum of money , or allowance of meat and drink , due to the King from an Abbey or other House of Religion , whereof he is Founder , towards the reasonable sustenance of such a one of his Servants , being put to his Pension , as he thinks good to bestow it on . And the difference between a Corrody and a Pension seems to be , that a Corrody is allowed towards the maintenance of any of the Kings servants , that live in the Abby ; a Pension is given to one of the Kings Chaplains , for his better maintenance in the Kings service , till he may be provided a Benefice . Cow. Of both these read Fitz. nat . br . fol. 230 , 231 , 233. Corollary ( corollarium ) the addition or vantage above measure , an over-plus , or surplusage ; also a small gift or largess bestowed on the people at publick Feasts . Coronary ( coronarius ) belonging to a Crown . Coroner ( Cororator ) is an antient Officer of this Land ; so called because he deals wholly for the King and Crown . There are four of them commonly in every County , and they are chosen by the Free-holders of the same upon Writ , and not made by Letters Pattents . Crompt . Jurisd . fol. 126. See Lieghs Phil. Com. Corporal ( corporalis ) that hath , or petains to the body ; Also an inferior Officer in a Foot-Company ; But in the Roman Church it signifies a little linnen cloth which is spread upon the Altar , and whereon the Chalice and Host are placed . And the word is also used in the like sence in the Service Book which was sent into Scotland , in the year 1637. Corporation ( corporatio ) is a permanent thing , that may have succession ; it is an Assembly and joyning together of many into one fellowship , brotherhood and minde , whereof one is Head and cheif , the rest are the body . Corporeal ( corporeus ) that hath a body , or pertaining to the body . Corporature ( corporatura ) the quantity , fashion , or constitution of the body . Corpuscule ( corpusculum ) a little body . Mr. Evelyn . Corrade ( corrado ) to scrape together , to take away or spoil . Corrasive ( corrasivus from corrado ) which scrapes together , shaves or spoils : This word is many times mistaken for corrosive , from corrodo . Correlatives ( correlativa ) Relatio ( according to the Philosophers ) is , Cujus totum esse est ad aliud esse , whose whole being is to be to another , whence Correlatives are such things as are mutually one to another , and cannot be , nor be explicated , but in order to one another . As Father and Son , superior and inferior , Husband and Wife , &c. Correption ( correptio ) a correcting in words , a rebuking , a snatching away . Correptory ( from corripio ) that rebuketh or chastiseth , that snatches away . Correspond ( correspondeo . i. concorditer respondeo ) to answer concordingly , agreeingly , or in the same proportion , to accord or consent together , to run one and the same course together . Correspondent , agreeable , proportionable , or answerable to another thing . Corridor , A curtain in Fortification . Corrigible ( corrigibilis ) that may be corrected or amended . Corrivals ( corrivales ) they who have water from , or use the same River . And metaphorically , a Competitor in love , or they that love one and the same woman . Corrivality ( corrivalitas ) the love of a Corrival , a corrivalship . Corroborate ( corroboro ) to make strong , to harden or confirm . Corrode ( corrodo ) to gnaw about , to eat away : Also to back-bite . Corrodie . See Corodie . Corrodible ( corrodibilis ) that may be gnawn or eaten away . Vul. Er. Corrosive ( corrosivus ) gnawing or eating about , biting , as it were a nipping the very heart : Also a fretting plaister , or any thing , which being laid to the body , raiseth blisters , and makes it sore . Corrugation ( corrugatio ) a wrinkling , or furrowing of the skin , a frowning . Corsary ( Fr. Corsaire ) a Courser . Corslet ( from the Ital Corsalletto ) armor for the breast , and back . Corse-present . See Mortuary . Corticated ( corticatus ) that hath a rind or bark . Corvine ( corvinus ) pertaining to , or like a Raven or Crow ; black as a Crow . Coruscant ( coruscans ) glistering , shining , or lightning . Coruscation ( coruscatio ) a flash of lightning , or a kind of seeming sparkling fire , which appears in Mines by night . 'T is ( saith an Author ) a glistering of fire rather then fire indeed , and a glimmering of lightning , rather then lightning it self . Corve● ( Ital. ) a prancing , or continual dancing of a horse of Service . Hence to corvet , is to leap or prance , as a Horse of Service doth . Cor●bant ( Corybantes ) Cybeles , or Cybelles Priests ; so called from Corybantus , one of her first Attendants . To play the Corybant , is to run madly up and down , playing on a Cymbal , and wagging the head as those Priests were wont to do ; Also to sleep with open eyes . Cosc●mancy ( coscinemantia ) a divining by a Sieve . Co-si●ificativ● ( from con and significo ) of the same signification with another thing . Cosm●s ( Gr. ) mundus , the world . Hence Cosmarchy ( cosmarchia ) the power of the Devil , the government of the world . Cosmical ( cosmicus ) of the world , worldly . In Astronomy we term that the Cosmical ascension of a Star , when it ariseth together with the Sun , or the same degree of the Ecliptick , wherein the Sun abides . Vul. Er. 224. Cosmodelyte , may be derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mundus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , timidus , or miser ; and so Englished , one fearful of the world , or a worldly wretch . Cosmography ( cosmographia ) the description of the world in general . This Art , by the distance of the Circles in Heaven , divides the Earth under them into her Zones and Climats , and by the elevation of the Pole , considers the length of the day and night , with the perfect demonstration of the Suns rising and going down , &c. And is best handled by Pliny in his Natural History . Cosmographer ( cosmographus ) a describer of the world . Cosmographical , pertaining to Cosmography . Cosmology ( Gr. ) a speaking of the world . Cosmopolite ( from Cosmos , mundus , and Polites , Cives ) a Citizen of the world ; or Cosmopolitan . Cosmometry ( Gr. ) a measuring of the world . It is thus defined , Cosmometry shewes the reason of the world , by measures of degrees and minutes of the Heavens , and the differences of Climates , days and nights , the elevation of the Poles , diversity of the noon Tides , and shadows in Dyals , and divides it self into Cosmography , and Geography . 1. part . Treasury . Costrel or Cas●rel , a kind of bottle to carry wine or such like in . Couchant ( Fr. ) couching , or lying on the ground . See Levant and Counchant . Covent or C●vent ( conventus ) a multitude of men assembled together : The whole number of religious persons dwelling in one house together , which , according to Chaucer in the Sompners Tale , is but thirteen , viz. twelve and the Confessor . A Cloister or Abby of Monks or Nuns . Hence Covent-Garden took denomination , because it belonged to that Covent or religious House , now called Whitehal , which heretofore belonged to the Black Friers , by the gift of the Earl of Kent . Stow. Sur. 487. Coverture , is a French word , and signifies any thing that covers , as Apparrel , a Coverlet , &c. In our Common Law , it is particularly applied to the estate and condition of a married woman , who by the Laws of the Realm is in potestate viri , under coverture or Covert baron , and therefore disabled to make any bargain or contract , without her husbands consent or privity , or without his allowance or confirmation . Brook. hoc titulo , per totum . Coulant ( Fr. ) gliding , slipping , slowing gently along . Count ( Fr. Comte ) an Earl. Couldray , is the name of a noble House belonging to the Lord Viscount Montagu in Sussex ; in French it signifies a Hasel wood , or Grove , whence perhaps it took denomination . Counter-compone , a term in Herauldry . as if you say , a Cross Counter-compone , that is , a Cross compounded of two sundry colours , or three . See Accidence of Armory , fol. 54. The Counter or Contor , Is the name of two Prisons in London , wherein Debtors and others , for misdemeanors are imprisoned ; so called from a Contor which in high Dutch signifies locus seclusus , a Prison . Countermure or Counter scarf in a fortified Town , is a bank of a Ditch or Mount opposite against the wall . See Contramure . A Counterround ( Fr. contreronde ) when one round goes one way , and another another . Also a certain number of Officers and Commanders going to visit the Watch of the Corps de guard , Sentinels , or the Rounds , to see if they are diligent in performing their duty . Countertaile or Countertallie ( Fr. Contretaile ) a Tally to confirm or confute another Tally . It is a peece of wood which the one party keeps , that is cut off from another peece kept by the other party ; and so when both meet with their Tallies , they score up the number of what is delivered and received , by cutting a notch with a knife . Min. Coupant ( Fr. ) cutting , cleaving , lopping , mowing , carving . Court-Baron ( Curia Baronis ) is a Court that every Lord of a Mannor ( which in antient times were called Barons ) hath within his own Precincts ; Of this and Court Leet , read Kitchin. Cou●tisan ( Fr. Courtesane ) a Lady , Gentlewoman , or waiting woman of the Court ; Also ( but less properly ) a professed Strumpet , famous ( or infamous ) Whore. Courteue of England ( Lex Angliae ) is used with us for a Tenure . For if a man marry an Inheritrix seized of Land in Fee-simple , or in Fee-tail general , or as Heir in Tail special , and gets a child of her , that comes alive into the world , though both it and his Wife die forthwith , yet if she were in possession , he shall keep the land during his life , and is called Tenant by the Curtesie of England . Glanvil . l. 7 , ca. 18. Littleton l. 1. ca. 4. Courtilage alias Curtsage ( curtilagium ) signifies a Garden , Yard , or peece of void ground lying near , and belonging to a Messuage . West . part . 2. Symbol . Tit. Fines , Sect. 26. Couthurlaugh , is he that wittingly receives a man outlawed , and cherishes and hides him . In which case , he was in antient times subject to the same punishment , that the Out-law himself was . Bract. l. 3. tract . 2. ca. 13. nu . 2. It is compounded of the old Saxon word ( Couthr ) i. known , and ( Utlaugh ) an Out-law , as we now call him . Crabbat ( Fr. ) is properly an Adjective , and signifies comely , handsome , gracious ; But it is often used Substantively for a new fashioned Gorget which women wear . Crambe ( Gr. ) a kind of Colewort of a very bitter taste . Schism . disp . Cranage ( cranagium ) is a liberty to use a Crane , for the drawing up Wares from Vessels at any Creek of the Sea or Wharf unto the Land , and to make profit of it . It signifies also the money paid and taken for the same . New Book of Entries . fol. 3. col . 3. Crany ( cranium ) the bone of the head , the skul or brain-pan . Also a cleft , chinck , or little Cranny . Crapulent ( crapulentus ) surfeiting or oppressed with surfeit . Crasis ( Gr. ) a complxion , temperature or mixture of natural humors . Crasse ( crassu● ) gross , thick , fleshy , dull . Crassity Crassitude ( crassitudo ) fatness , thickness or grosness . Crassulent ( crassulentus ) full of grosness , very fat . Crastinate ( crastinoi ) to delay from day to day , to prolong . Creance ( Fr. ) trust , faith , belief , confidence ; also credit , &c. Chaucer . Creansour signifies a Creditor , viz. him that trusts another with any debt , be it in money or wares . Old nat . br . fol. 67. Crebrous ( creber ) frequent , often , accustomed , usual . Crebrity ( crebritas ) a multitude , oftenness , manifoldness . Credulity ( credulitas ) lightness or rashness to believe any thing . Creek ( crepido ) seems to be part of a Haven , where any thing is landed or disburdened from the Sea. So that when you are out of the main Sea , within the Haven , look how many landing places you have , so many Creeks may be said to belong to that Haven . See Crompt . Jurisdictions fol. 110. a. Cremation ( crematio ) a burning . Crepitation ( crepitatio ) a creaking , crashing , or rattling noise . Crepusculous ( from crepusculum ) pertaining to twilight in the evening or morning . Br. Crescent ( crscens ) growing , encreasing , waxing bigger . Cressant ( Fr. Croissant ) in Heraldry it signifies the New-Moon , or the Moon in time of waxing or encreasing , some times taken for a Half-Moon . Cresset , An old word used for a Lanthorn or burning Beacon . Min. Cretan ( Cretensis ) an inhabitant of the Island of Candy or Creet ; also a lyer , because those in that Island are especially noted to be tainted with that vice , as St. Paul observed of them out of Epimenides : 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cretical ( from Creta ) belonging to a Cretian or lyer . Creticism or Cretism , the Art of coyning or inventing lyes . Sir W. Ral. fol. 560. Criminous ( criminosus ) ready to accuse , blame-worthy , full of crime . Crible ( cribrum ) a Sive to sift corn . Cribration ( cribratio ) a winnowing or sifting corn from chaff with a Sive . Crinal ( crinalis ) belonging to the hair . Crined ( from crinis ) in Heraldry it signifies haired . Crinigerous ( criniger ) that hath or weareth hair . Crinosity ( crinositas ) hairiness . Criptick . See Cryptick . Crisis ( Gr. ) judgement : In Physick it signifies a sudden change in a disease , or the conflict between nature and sickness ; that is , the time when either the Patient becomes suddenly well , or suddainly dies , or waxeth better after or worse , according to the strength of his body and violence of the disease . Crism . See Chrism . Crispin or Crespin , a proper name for a man , and the name of a certain Saint , who is Patron to Shoo-makers . Crispitude ( crispitudo ) curledness . Crist ( crista ) a Crest , a Tuft , a Plume . Cristal ( chrystalus ) a Mineral substance like clear glass or ice . There are two kinds hereof ; one which grows upon extream cold Mountains , being there congealed like Ice , by the Mineral vertue of the place , as Albertus writes . Another that grows in the earth in some places of Germany . See more of the nature and properties of it in Dr. Browns Vul. Er. l. 2. cap 1. Cristalline ( crystallinus ) white and transparent as Crystal , or of or belonging to crystal . The Crystalline humor is seated in the midst of the eye , and of a round figure , somewhat flattened both before and behinde ; it is the first instrument of sight , and a glass wherein the spirit imagines and judges of the forms represented to it . Cot. Crithology ( crithologia ) the office of gathering the first fruits of Corn. Critical or Judicial days ( dies critici ) are when the disease comes to the Crisis or judgement of amending or impairing , and they are the fourth and seventh days ; because in them the Physitians use to judge of the danger of a disease : But the seventh is accounted the chief Critical day , and the fourth a token or sign , what the seventh day will be , if the Patient live so long . This account must be made according to the number of weeks thus ; In the first week the fourth day is the token or Critical of the seventh day . In the second week the eleventh is the critical of the fourteenth . In the third , the seventeenth is the critical of the twentieth , ( for Hippocrates reckons the twentieth day for the last of the third week . ) In the fourth , the twenty fourth is the critical of the twenty seventh ; and so forth to an hundred . Bull. Critick , Taken Ad●ectively , is the same with Critical . But Substantively , it signifies one that takes upon him to censure or judge of other mens words , acts or works . Criticism . The Art of judging or censuring mens words , writings , or actions : also a quillet or nicety in judgement . Crosser . A Bishops staffe , so called either from the French Croce , a Crosse ; of the figure of the Cross which it hath , or from Croce , which in our old English signifies a Shepherds Crook , because Bishops are spiritual Pastors or shepherds . Crocation Crocitation ( crocatio ) the kawing of Crows , Rooks or Ravens . Croises ( cruce signati ) Pilgrims . See Croysado . Cronical Cronographie See in Chro. Cronie ( from cronus ) a contemporary Disciple , or intimate companion , between a servant and friend ; a consident ; and perhaps may have this antient Etymology ; Diodorus the Philosopher was Schollar to Apollonius Cronus , after whom he was called Cronus , the name of the Master being transmitted to the Disciple . Crotaphites ( Chrotaphitae ) the two muscles of the Temples . Crotchet ( Fr. crochet ) a measure of time in Musick , containing in quantity a quarter of a Sembrief , or two Quavers . It is sometimes used for a whimsey or idle fancy of the brain : as we say , his head is full of Crotchets . Crouched ( Fr. croisè , Ital. croche ) crossed or marked with a cross , blessed ; hence the name of Crouched Fryers , because they wear the sign or picture of a Cross or Crouch . And hence the Crouches or Crutches , which Cripples use , because they somewhat resemble a cross . Cr●sad● ( Fr. croysade ) an expedition of Christians , assembled out of divers Countries ( by preaching and the Popes Bulls ) against the Turks or other Infidels ; termed so , because every one of them , when he undertakes the journey , accepts of , and wears on his Cassock or coat Armor , the badge of the cross . Cot. Cruciferous ( crucifer ) he that bears the cross . Cruciate ( crucio ) to torment , to afflict or vex . Crudity ( cruditas ) rawness of stomach , indigestion . Crude ( crudus ) raw , fresh , not ripe , not digested . Cruor ( Lat. ) blood dropping out of a wound . Crural ( cruralis ) belonging to the legs , knees , or thighes . Crus●ible or Cruzet ( Fr. creuset ) a Cruet , or little earthen pot wherein Goldsmiths melt or calcine their gold and silver . Crus●ng ( a Sea term , from Croiser , to cross ) crossing or coasting up and down ; as our men of War do at Sea to meet with Pirats . Crustaceo●s ( from crusta ) pertaining to the crust , hard shell or pill of any thing . Dr. Brown in his Vulgar Errors , cals Lobsters , Shrimps , Crevises , &c. Crustaceous animals . Cryptical Cryptick ( crypticus ) hidden or secret . Cryptography ( Gr. ) a description of secrecy , or secret things . Cryptolog● ( Gr. ) whispering , secret speech or communication . Crystal See Christal . Cubebes ( Fr. ) a certain fruit sold by Apothecaries like pepper . It comes out of India , and is hot and dry in operation . Bul. Cubicular ( cubicularis ) pertaining to the Chamber . Cub● ( cubus ) a Geometrical body or figure , four-square , having six faces , like a Dye ; in Arithmetick , a number multiplied in it self , as Nine arising of thrice three , and Sixteen of four times four . Cubick or Cubical ( cubicus ) square like a Dye . Cubicul●t● ( cubicularis ) pertaining to the Chamber . Cubit ( cubitum ) the length of the Arm from the Elbow to the end of the middle Finger , which is usually about a foot and half ; this is the common Cubit ; but we read of three other Cubits , 1. The holy Cubit , this was a full yard . 2. The Kings Cubit was three fingers longer then the common Cubit . 3. A Geometrical Cubit contained six common Cubits . Moses and Aaron . 260. Cubiture ( cubitura ) a lying down . Cuchanel or Cutchoneale ( Fr. Couchenil , Lat. Coccus ) a kind of grain of great value , wherewith our Dyers dye Scarlet or Crimson colour in grain , as we call it . Some say ●t is a little worm bred in the fruit of a certain tree . Cu● , The last word of an Actor , which gives the hint to him that is to enter next ; also an item when anyone shall begin to speak . Cucullated ( cucullatus ) hooded , wearing a hood . Br. Cucubat● ( cucubo ) to make a noise like an Owl , to howl or whoop . Cucurbite ( cucurbita ) a Gourd . Cu●rp● ( Span. ) a body ; en Cuerpo , without a Cloak . Cu●n●g● , is a word used for the making up of Tin , into such fashion as it is commonly framed for its carriage into other places . An. 11. H. 7. c. 4. Cuirassi●r ( Fr. ) one armed with Cuirats , most commonly spoken of horsemen . Cur●t● , Cuitars or Corslets ( Fr cuirace ) armor for the breast and back . Culde●s ( a corruption from cultores Dei. i. worshipers of God ) an antient Religious people in Scotland , so called . Broughton , fol. 588 Giraldus Cambrensis Topograp . Hiberniae Distinct . 2. c. 4. testifies , that in Ireland there was Capella , cui pauci coelibes , quos Coelicolas , vel Colideos vocant , devotè deserviebant . Spotswoods Hist . p. 4. Culcrag● ( Fr. ) buttock-stirring , tayl-wagging , Lechery . Culinary ( culinarius ) belonging to the Kitchin. Cullion-●ean . See Bastion . Cullis ( Fr. coulis ) a broth of boiled me at strained , fit for a sick or weak body . Culminate ( culmino ) to come to the top or highest . Cul●able ( culpabilis ) worthy of blame . Cultivate ( culto ) to plow or till . Culture ( cultura ) husbandry , tillage , dressing or triming . Cu● Secto● ( Lat. ) a niggard , close-fist , pinch-peny , or miser . Bac. Culvertail , A term among Carpenters , and signifies the so letting one peece of timber into another with artificial joynts , that they cannot fall asunder . Cumulate ( cumulo ) to make a heap to gather together , to increase . Cumble ( from the Fr. comble , i. cumulus , or from the Spa. cumbre ) the top-fulness , height or overplus of any thing . Mr. Howel . Cunctation ( cunctatio ) delaying , lingring , or deferring . Cuniculous ( cuniculosus ) full of holes or mines under the ground ; full of Conves . Cupidity ( cupiditas ) covetousness , lust , desire , wanton affection . Cupidiuous Cupidous ( cupidus ) covetous , desirous , greedy . Cupglass or Cup●ingglass A hollow round glass with a hole in the bottom , used by Physicians sometimes , to draw blood or wind out of the body , for it sucks with great strength , by reason of a little flame of fire made in it . Bull. Cupol● ( It. ) a high Arch or round loover of any Church , house or Steeple ; some have erroneously used it for a spire or pinacle of a Steeple . See Dome . Curfeu , comes of the Fr. Couvrir , i. to cover , and feu , the fire ; we use it for the eight o' th clock Bell , or an evening Peal , by which the Conqueror in the first year of his reign , willed every man to take warning for the raking up his fire , and putting out his light . So that in many places at this day , where a Bell is customably rung towards Bed-time , it is said to ring Curfeu . Stows Ann. and Sir Rich. Baker , fol. 34. Curranto ( ab huc & illuc Currendo , Fr. Courante ) a running dance , a French dance , different from what we call a Country dance . Curricu●re or Curricurro , a kind of Boat in the East India's almost like our Barges . Herb. Current ( currens ) running : It is also used Substantively , for a swift running stream of water , and sometimes taken for a strait of the Sea. Curtizan . See Courtisan . Curtilage . See Courtilage . Curtesy of England . See Courtesy . Curvature ( curvatura ) a bending or crookedness ; also a roundle . Curvilineal ( from curva & linea ) whose lines are crooked . Per. Inst . Curvity ( curvitas ) crookedness , deformity . Curules ( Lat. from Currus a Chariot ) were those Roman Senators , who , being of higher dignity then the rest , were wont for greater honor sake , to be carryed to Court in Chariots , and were seated in Curule Chairs made of Ivory . Curvous ( curvus ) crooked , bowed , uneven . Cuspe ( cuspis ) the point of any thing , as of a weapon ; a sting . Cuspidate ( cuspido ) to point or make sharp at the end . Cuticular ( cuticularis ) full of pores or little holes , for sweat to come out at . Cuvele , the mother of the gods , &c. See the many names and particular Fables of her , in Rider . Cycle ( cyclus ) a round or circle . In Astronomy it is thus defined . The division of the year into 52 weeks , because it sets off one day supernumerary , makes an alteration in all the rest ; so that the days of the week ( which use to be assigned by the letters of the Alphabet ) fall not alike in several years ; but Sunday this year must fall out on the next years Munday , & so forward till seven years ; and ( because the Bissextile superadds another day every fourth year ) till four times seven , that is , 28 years are gone about . This revolution is called the Cycle of the Sun , taking name from Sunday , the letter whereof ( called therefore Dominical ) it appoints for every year . It is sound by adding nine ( for so far the Circle was then gone about ) to the year of our Lord , and dividing the whole by 28. so to the year 1639 , if nine be added , the numerus factus will be 1648 , which , divided by 28 , leaves 24 for the Cycle of the Sun. The Cycle of the Moon is the revolution of 19 years , in which space ( though not precisely ) the Lunations recur . For , because of the Sun and Moons unequal motions , the changes falli●g out inconstantly , the time of conjunction could not be still the same . This variety the Antients perceiving to be periodical , endeavoured to comprehend what Circle it made in going about . The learned Meto● , finding the Revolution was not compleated in less time then the space of 19 years , set forth his Ennedecaetris , within the Circle whereof the Lunations ( though not exactly ) do indeed recur , so that if the quadrature of the Moon shall fall out as this day of this year , the like shall return again , the same day of the 19 year succeeding . This Cycle is therefore called Cyclus decennovennalis , and from the Author Annus Metonicus ; from whose Athenians the Egyptians may seem to have received it , as the Romans from them , in Letters of gold ; from whence ( if not from the more precious use of it ) it obtained to be called , as it still is , the numerus aureus , or Golden number . It was made Christian by the Fathers of the Nicene-Council , as being altogether necessary to the finding out the Neomenia Paschalis , upon which the Feast of Easter , and all the moveable rest depended . It self is found by adding an unite to the year of our Lord , and dividing the whole by 19. the remainder shall be the Cycle of the Moon ; or if nothing remain , the Cycle is out , that is nineteen . Mr. Gregory , de Aeris & Epochis , p. 133. Cyclom●try ( cyclometria ) a measuring of Circles Cycloped● ( cyclopedia ) the universal knowledge of all Sciences . Fuller . Cyclo●s ( cyclopes ) an ancient and big-bon●d sort of people , which had but one eye , and that in the midst of the forehead , inhabiting the Island of Sicily ; The Poets called them Gyants , because they were people of a mighty stature , of which rank was the so much famoused Polyphemus , that with such humanity entertained Vlysses and his companions . Rider . Hence Cycloptick Cyclopean belonging to those Gyants or Cyclops , Monstrous , one-eyed , furious . Eicon Basil . Cylinder ( cyclindrus ) a Geometrical figure round and long , consisting from top to toe , of two equal parallel Circles : Also it is taken for that part of the bore of a gun , which remains empty , when the Gun is loaden , a Roler to beat Clods . Cylindrical , pertaining to or like a Cylinder . Vul. Er. Cymace ( cymatium ) a kind of Pillar so graven , that the carved work resembles the waves ; or a ledge or outward member in Architecture , fashioned somewhat like a Roman S , and termed a Wave or Ogee . Cymbal ( cymbalum ) was a kind of instrument , composed of thin plates of brass , with certain small bars of Iron , fastned and cross billeted in the plates , wherewith they made a great noise . Others think Cymbals are bells , which , according to the opinion of some , were consecrated to the service of the Church by Pope Sabinian . Caussin . Cymracean ( from the Brit. Cymraeg , i. Welsh ) Cambrian Welsh or British . Mr. How. Cymbalist ( cymbalistes ) he that plays on the Cymbal . Cy●anthropie ( Gr. ) a frenzy which makes a man haunt unfrequented places , with a conceit that he is turned into a dog . Cotgr. Cynical Cynick ( cynicus ) dogged , currish or churlish like a dog . There was in Greece an old Sect of Philosophers called ●ynicks , first instituted by Antisthenes ; and were so called , because they did ever bark at and rebuke mens Vices , and were not so respective in their behavior as civility required . Diogenes was so famous in this kind of Philosophy , that he was surnamed the Cynick C●ege●icks ( cynegetica ) books treating of hunting : whereof Oppianus wrote four . C●oc●halist ( cynocephalis ) a beast like an Ape , but having the face of a Dog : a Baboon . Cy●orexi● ( cynorexia ) a greediness and unnatural appetite of meat . Cynosure ( cynosura ) a figure of stars in Heaven . Cynt●us , A hill in Delos , where Latona brought forth Apollo and Diana ; whence Apollo and the Sun are called Cynthius ; Diana and the Moon Cynthia . Cyprine ( cyprinus ) of or belonging to the Cypress-Tree , which is destinated to the dead ; in that , being once cut , it never re-flourisheth . C●renaick , a Sect of Philosophers , so called from Aristippus , a Disciple of Socrates , and Professor of Philosophy , who ( after the death of Socrates ) returned into his Country at Cyrene in Africa ; his Schollers took this name from Cyrene , the place , but by some called Hedonick , or voluptuous , from the doctrine . Cystique Vein . See in Vein . D DAbuz● , a weapon like a Mace , carried before the Grand Turk . Dactyle ( dactylus ) a foot in a verse consisting of three syllables , the first long , and the two last short , as Carmina . Also a Date , the fruit of the Palm-Tree . Dactylogie ( dactylogia ) finger-talk , speech made with the fingers . A D●gs●in ( gausape ) a rough Mantle or hairy Garment Rid. Dagon , the Idol of the Philistines , mentioned 1 Sam. 5.4 . It had the upper part like a man , the neather like a fish . See Moses and Aaron . p. 156. Da●ma●ick ( Dalmatica vestis ) the Vestment of a Deacon or sub-Deacon , properly belonging to his Order ; so called because they were first made in Dalmatia . Damage Cle●r ( Damna Clericorum ) was originally no other then a gratuity given the Prothonotaries , and their Clerks for drawing special Writs and pleadings , but afterwards it came to a certainty of 2 s in the pound , which is taken away by Act 1650. cap 44. Damage-fes●nt ( a term in our Common Law ) is when a strangers beasts are in another mans ground , without licence of the Tenant of the ground , and there feed , or otherwise spoil the corn , grass , woods , &c. In which case the Tenant whom they hurt , may therefore distrain and impound them as well in the night as in the day . But in other cases , as for Rent , and services , and such like , none may distrain in the night . New Terms of the Law. Dandruff or Dandraff ( furfur ) a scurff or a kind of smal scales that stick to the skin of the head , and often hang about the hairs . They are caused by salt flegm or some other corrupt humors , piercing insensibly the pores , and then slightly congealed by the air , and may be taken away by washing the head with salt water , or Vinegar warm . Danegelt , Dane●g●lt , or Danegold ( compounded of Dane and gelt , i. pecunia ) was a tribute laid upon our Ancestors of twelve pence for every Hide of Land through the Realm by the Danes . Stow in his Annals , p. 118. saith , this Tribute came to 48000. l. per an . and that it was released by Edward the Confessor , Heylin saith by King Steven . Dane●nge . See Merchenlage Danism ( danisma ) usury . Danist , An Usurer . Danistick ( danisticus ) pertaining to usury . Dapatical ( dapaticus ) sumptuous , costly , magnificent . Daphnamancy ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i laurus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. Divinatio ) divination by a Lawrel Tree . Dapife● ( Lat. ) he that serves at a banquet , a Sewer . See Arch-Dapifer . The great Master or Steward of the Kings house was so termed in old time . Cotg. Danocaginous ( from the Ital. dapoco ) that has a little or narrow heart , low-spirited , of little worth . Dardanean Art ( ars dardania ) Witch-craft or Magick ; so called from Dardanus , a wicked Magician . At si nulla valet medicina repellere pestem , Dardaniae veniant artes , &c. — Darick ( Daricus ) a kind of antient coyn bearing the Image of Darius King of Persia , and valuing about two shillings . Datary ( datarius ) that is , freely given : taken Substantively , it is an Office in Rome for collation of Church Benefices ; also a dater of Writings . Date ( dactylus ) a kind of sweet fruit brought from Numidia and other far Countries . The Date Trees are some male , some female : the first brings forth only flowers , the other fruit ; yet herein is the male beneficial to the encrease of the Dates ; for , unless a flowred bough of the male be ingraffed into the female , the Dates never prove good . Dation ( datio ) a giving , a gift , a dole . Datism ( datismus ) is when by a heap of Synonyma's , we rehearse the same things . Dative ( dativus ) that giveth , or is of power to give . Daulphin . See Dolphin . St. Davids day , The first of March kept solemnly by the Britans in honor of their Patron St. David , whom their Records and Tradition testifie to have been a person of eminent sanctity and austerity of life , excellently learned ; a most eloquent preacher of Gods word , and Archbishop of Menevy , now from him called St. Davids in Pembrook-shire . He flourished in the fifth and sixth age after the coming of Christ , and dyed in the 140 year of his own , as Dr. Pits witnesseth in de illustribus Britanniae Scriptoribus . The Brittans always wear a Leek on that day in memory of a famous victory obtained by them against the Saxons ; the said Britains for the time of the battel , wearing Leeks in their hats for their military colours by St. Davids perswasion . Days ( according to the division of Authors ) are either Astronomical or Political : of Astronomical , some are natural , and some again Artificial . An Artificial day consists of twelve hours , Joh. 11.19 . There be twelve hours in the day . Gen. 1.4 , 5. & 47-9 . A Natural day consists of twenty four hours . The beginning of Politique days , is divers : for the Athenians began their day from Sun-set ; but the Iews , Chaldeans , and Babylonians from Sun-rise ; the Egyptians and the Romans from midnight , of whom we take our pattern to count the hours from midnight , one , two , three , &c. The Vmbrians from noon . The parts of Politique or Civil days ( according to Macrobius ) are these . The first time of day is after midnight . The second , in Lat. Gallicinium , Cocks-crow . The third Conticinium , the space between the first Cock and break of day . The fourth Diluculum , the break or dawn of the day . The fifth Mane the morning . The sixth Meridies , noon or mid-day . The seventh Pomeridies , the afternoon . The eighth Serum diei , Sun-set . The ninth , suprema tempestas , twylight . The tenth , Vesper , the evening or eventide . The eleventh , prima fax , candle-time The twelfth , nox concubia , bed time . The thirteenth Nox intempesta , the dead time of the night . Vide Agellium , Macrobium , & Fungerum . Maundy Thursday ( the last Thursday in Lent , and next before Easter ) so called as it were , Mandati Thursday , from a ceremony , used by the Bishops and Prelates in Cathedral Churches and Religious Houses , of washing their Subjects feet ; which ceremony is termed the fulfilling the Mandate , and is in imitation of our Saviour Christ , who on that day at night after his last Supper , and before his institution of the Blessed Sacrament , washed his Disciples feet , telling them afterwards that they must do the like to one another : this is the Mandate , whence the day is nominated . At the beginning of the aforesaid ceremony , these words of Christ ( uttered by him soon after his washing their feet ) John. 13.34 . are sung for an Antiphon . Mandatum novum do vobis , ut diligatis invicem , sicut dilexi vos . I give you a new Mandate , &c. Deaction ( deactio ) a finishing or perfecting . Dealbate ( dealbo ) to white-lime , parget or make white . Dearck ( dearchus ) a Captain or Governor of ten . Dearraignment . A Law-term . V. Shep. Epit. 491. Deaurate ( deauro ) to gild or lay over with gold . Debauchery ( from the Fr. desbauche ) incontinency , riot , disorder , unruliness . Deb●llate ( debello ) to vanquish or overcome by war. Debellation ( debellatio ) a vanquishing or overcoming by war. Sir Tho. More uses it . De b●ne e●s● , are three common Latin words , the meaning I conceive to be this ; to take or do a thing de bene esse , is to accept or allow it as well done for present ; but when it comes to be more fully examined or tried , it is to stand or fall , according to the merit or well being of the thing in its own nature ; or as we say , valeat quantum valere potest . So in Chancery , upon motion to have one of the Defendants in a Cause , examined as a witness , the Court ( not then precisely examining the Justice of it , or not hearing what may be objected on the other side ) often orders a Defendant to be examined De bene esse , i. that his Depositions are to be allowed or suppressed at the Hearing , as the Judge shall see cause , upon the full debate of the matter ; but for the present they have a well-being , or allowance . Debentur ( the third person plural of debeor , to be due or owing ) is by Act of Parliament 1649. cap. 43. ordained to be in the nature of a Bond or Bill to charge the Commonwealth to pay the Souldier-creditor or his Assigns , the sum due upon account for his Arrears . The form of which Debentur , you may see in an Act 1649. c. 63. Debilitate ( debilito ) to weaken or make feeble , to make faint . Debility ( debilitas ) weakness , feebleness . Debonnaire ( Fr. ) gentle , milde , courteous , affable . Debosche Debauche ( from the Fr. desbaucher ) to corrupt , make lewd , or put out of order , to vitiate . Debulliate ( debullio ) to bubble or seeth over . Deca ( Gr. ) decem , ten . Decachord ( decachordium ) an instrument with ten strings . Decacuminat● ( decacumino ) to take off the top of any thing . Decad ( decas , adis ) a term or number of ten , be it of years , moneths , books , &c. as the Decads of Livy consist each of ten Books ; Also a tenth . Decadency ( from de and cado ) a falling down or from , a declining , decay , ruine . Deca●i●t ( from decas ) a writer of Decads , such was Titus Livius . Decalogue ( decalogus ) the ten Commandments or words of God. Decameron ( Gr. ) that is of ten parts . Boccacius gives his book of Fables ( being divided into ten parts ) that Title . Min. Decapitate ( decapito ) to behead , or pull off the head . Decatc● . The same with Deark . Decede ( decedo ) to depart , or yeeld from ; to give place to ; to cease or dye . D●cember . One of the twelve moneths , so called from decem , ten , because it was the tenth month from March , which was the first among the Romans . Decemped● ( decempedalis ) of ten foot , or ten foot long . Decemvirate ( decemviratus ) the Office or Authority of those ten Noblemen or Governors among the Romans , who were called Decemviri , they were appointed to govern the Commonwealth instead of the two Consuls , and had the highest Authority , from whom none could appeal . The Roman Laws were divided into ten ●ables wherto these Decemvi●s added other two , and called them the Laws of the twelve Tables whereof you may read Pomponius Laetus . Decennial ( decennalis ) belonging to , or containing ten years . Deception ( deceptio ) deceit , fallacy , craft , cosenage . Deceptive ( deceptivus ) deceitful , deceiving , wily , crafty , full of subtilty . Decerp ( decerpo ) to pluck off or away , to gather , to diminish . Decertation ( decertatio ) a contending or striving . Decession ( decessio ) a departing or diminishing . Deciduous ( diciduus ) subject to fall off , hanging or falling down . Decim● . See Nona . Decimate ( decimo ) to take the Tenth , to gather the Tyth . Decimation ( decimatio ) the punishing every tenth Souldier by Lot , was termed Decimatio legionis ; also a Tything or paying a tenth part . Decirci●ate ( decircino ) to bring out of compass or roundness , to unbind . Decision ( decisio ) a determining or deciding , a cutting off or lessening . Decisive ( decisus ) deciding , determining , fit , or able to end a controversie . And Decisorie , Idem . Declamation ( declamatio ) an Oration made of a feigned subject , or only for exercise ; also a crying out aloud . Declarative ( declarativus ) which doth declare or shew forth . Declivity ( declivitas ) a steep bending downwards , as on the side of a hill . Decoctible ( decoctibilis ) easie to be sodden or boiled . Decollation ( decollatio ) a beheading , as the Decollation of St. John Baptist , a holy day instituted of old in memory of the beheading St. John Baptist , on the twenty ninth of August yearly . See Lapidation . Decoction ( decoctio ) a boiling or seething . In Physick it signifies commonly any liquor in which medicinable roots , herbs , seeds , flowers , or any other thing has been boyled . Decor ( Lat. ) comeliness or beauty . Decorate ( decoro ) to beautifie , to make decent . Decoration ( decoratio ) a beautifying or adorning . Bacon . Decortication ( decorticatio ) a pilling or plucking off the bark . Decorticate ( decortico ) to pill or pluck off the bark . Apol. for learning . Decorum ( Lat. ) comeliness , honesty , good grace . Decrement ( decrementum ) a decreasing . Feltham . Decrepite ( decrepitus ) very old , at deaths door , whose Candle is almost burnt out . Decressant ( from decresco ) the Moon decreasing or in the last quarter , the wayning of the Moon . Decretist ( decretista ) a Student , or one that studies the Decretals . Decretals ( decretales ) a Volume of the Canon Law , so called ; or books containing the Decrees of sundry Popes . Or a digestion of the Canons of all the Councils that pertained to one matter , under one head . Decretal , taken Adjectively , belonging to a Decree . Decretaliarck ( Gr. ) an absolute Commander , one that commands by Decree , or whose command is , and is obeyed as a Decree . Cotg. Decrustation ( decrustatio ) an uncrusting , a paring away of the uppermost part , or uttermost rind . Deculcate ( deculco ) to tread or trample upon . Decumbence ( from decumbo ) a lying or sitting down . Decumbent ( decumbens ) that lyes or sits down ; or dyes . Decuple ( decuplus ) ten times so much . Decu●y ( decuria ) a Band of ten Souldiers . Also it signified four or five bands of Souldiers , each consisting of ten hundred horsemen , appointed to be assistant to the Judges sitting upon life and death : also the Senators and Judges were divided into Bands , called Decuriae , and the chief of them was called Decurion . Rider . Decurion ( decurio ) a Captain over ten horse ; and sometimes it is used for an Alderman or chief Burgess in a Roman Colony . Decursion ( decursio ) a hasty running , a running down or unto . Decussated ( decussatus ) cut or divided after the form of the letter X , or of St. Andrews cross , which is called Crux decussata . Decussation ( decussatio ) a division , cut , sawn , or carved , after the form of four lines drawn a cross by one Center star-wise , so it makes eight even portions . Decutient ( decutiens ) that shakes or beats down . Dedalea● . ( daedale●s ) intricate or perplexed , also expert or cunning . A derivative from Daedalus an expert Artificer , who first invented the Saw , Axe , Sayl , and Sail-yards for a ship , which gave occasion for the Fable of Daedalus his wings , &c. Dedecorate ( dedecoro ) to dishonest , to dishonor or defame . Dedentition ( dedentitio ) the falling or losing of teeth . Dr. Brown. Dedignation ( dedignatio ) a disdaining or contemning . Dedition ( deditio ) a yielding or rendring up a place besieged . Defailiance ( Fr. ) a failing , languor , faintness , defect ; also a fainting . Defalcation ( defalcatio ) a pruning or cutting , a deducting . Defalk ( Fr. defaulquer ) to deduct , deduce , abate , take out of . Defatigable ( defatigabilis ) easily to be wearied . Defatigate ( defatigo ) to make weary , to tire . Def●ca●e ( defaeco ) to purge from dregs , to refine , to scum . Defecation ( defaecatio ) a purging from dregs , a refining . Defection ( defectio ) a falling away , a revolting back , an infirmity . Defeizance , or Defeasance ( from the Fr. Desfaire , i. to undo ) signifies , in our Common Law , a condition relating to an Act , as to an Obligation , Recognizance or Statute , which performed by the Obligee or Recognizee , the act is defeated and made void , as if it never had been done ; whereof you may see at large , West . part . 1. Sym. l. 2. sect . 156. and Shep. Epit. p. 775. Defender of the Faith. ( Defensor Fidei ) is a peculiar title given to the Kings of England by the Pope , as Catholicus to the King of Spain , and Christianissimus to the French King. It was first given by Leo decimus to King Henry the Eighth , for writing against Martin Luther , in behalf of the Church of Rome . The Bull for this Title bears date quinto Idus Octobr. 1521. and may be seen at length in the Lord Herberts Henry the Eighth , fol. 105. Stows Annals , p. 863. Defensat●v● , is a medicine that keeps humors from coming to a sore or place affected , or hinders the inflammation thereof . Cotgr. Deficient ( deficiens ) fainting or failing . Definition ( definitio ) est oratio explicans essentiam rei per genus & differentiam ; a declaring what a thing is by a Gender or something that is common to the thing declared , and to other things also , and by a difference onely agreeing to the thing explicated , and distinguishing it from all things else : Definition also is a Decree or Determination , as the Definition of a Council . Definitive ( definitivus ) which limits or determines . Deflagration ( deflagratio ) a burning or inflammation . Defletion ( defletio ) a bewayling or bemoaning . Deflexure ( deflexura ) a bowing or bending . Defloration ( defloratio ) a deflowring or dishonoring . Defluxion ( defluxio ) a flowing or falling down of humors , a looseness . Defeneration ( defoeneratio ) a taking money upon usury . Deforsour ( comes of the Fr. forceur . i. expugnator ) is used in our Common Law for one that overcomes and casts out by force , &c. See the difference between a Def●rsour and a Desseisor , in Cowel on this word . Defunct ( defunctus ) dead , ended . Degenerate ( degenero ) to grow out of kind , to grow base . Deglutinate ( deglutino ) to unglue or loosen . Deglutition ( deglutitio ) a devouring or swallowing down ; also the passage or descending of the meat and drink from the mouth into the stomach . Degrade ( degrado ) to put out of Office , to put from his degree , estate , or dignity . In Sleidans Comment . you may read the manner of degrading Priests to be thus . The party to be degraded is attired in his Priestly Vestments , and holds in the one hand a Chalice filled with wine mixed with water , and in the other a gilt patent with a Wafer or bread . Then kneeling down the Bishops Deputy first takes from him all these things , commanding him to say no more Masses . Secondly , scraping his fingers end with a piece of glass , he enjoyns him never to hallow any thing . And thirdly , stripping him of his Priestly Vestments , he is clothed in a Lay habit , and so delivered into the power of the Secular Magistrate , if his offence so require it . Degrandinate ( degrandino ) to hail much . Degree , A term often used in Astronomy and Physick . In Astronomy it signifies the thirtieth part of a Sign ( viz. ) of Aries , Taurus , Gemini , &c. for into so many parts or degrees are all these Signs divided . In Physick it signifies a proportion of heat , or cold , moysture or driness in the nature of Simples ; and there are four such proportions or Degrees . The first Degree is so small , that it can scarce be perceived . The second , that which manifestly may be perceived without hurting the sence . The third , that which somewhat offends the sense . The fourth , which so much offends , that it may destroy the body . For example , sweet Almonds , Rice , Bugloss , ripe Grapes , are hot in the first degree : Parsley , Saffron , Honey , in the second degree : Cummin , Galingal , Pepper , in the third degree : And Garlick , Spourge , Euphorbium in the fourth degree . So Barley is cold in the first degree , Cucumbers in the second , Sengreen in the third , and Hemlock in the fourth degree . Where note , that in heat , cold , and driness , there may be four degrees , and in moisture but two . Bull. Deicide ( deicida ) he that kills God. Dejeration ( dejeratio ) a solemn swearing . Deiformity , the form or shape of God. Deify ( deifico ) to make a God. Deipnosophists ( Gr. Deipnosophista ) Athenaeus his great learned books carry that title , importing a Conference , Discourse or inter-speech among wise men at a supper . El. Ar. Deists . See Anti-Trinitarians . Deity ( Deitas ) the God-head or nature of God , the Divinity . Delator ( Lat. ) he that secretly accuseth . A Delegate ( delegatus ) one to whom Authority is committed from another , to handle and determine matters , a Deputy or Surrogate . To Delegate ( delego ) to assign or appoint to an Office or charge , to send on a message . Delenifical ( delenificus ) that mitigates or makes gentle . Deletion ( deletio ) a racing or blotting out , a destroying . Deleted ( deletus ) scraped or put out , defaced , destroyed . Deletorious ( deletorius ) that blotteth or raceth out . Delian-twins , Apollo and Diana ; the Sun and Moon : so called from the famous Island Delos , where Latona at one birth brought forth Apollo and Diana . Delibate ( delibo ) to taste , to touch , to sacrifice or diminish . Delibrate ( delibro ) to pill or pull off the bark . Delict ( delictum ) a fault , an offence ; properly by omitting that which should have been done . Delignate , to rid a place of wood , to destroy wood . Fuller . Delimate ( delimo ) to file , or shave off . Delineate ( delineo ) to draw the form or portraiture of a thing . Delinquent ( delinquens ) that hath offended , failed , or left undon . Delirium ( Lat. ) dotage , a going crooked or out of the right way , madness . Rel. Med. Delirous ( delirus ) that doteth and swerveth from reason . Discourse of Enthusiasm . Delphick sword , In the City Delphos was the Temple of Apollo , where was a sword that served for all purposes in Sacrifices . Deltoton ( Gr. ) a constellation of stars like the Greek letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Delusion ( delusio ) a mocking , abusing or deceiving . A Deluge ( from the Lat. diluvium● ) an universal overflowing of the waters ; Noe's flood . Demain or Demeasn ( from the Lat. Dominicum , or Fr. Demain or Domain ) signifies as much as Patrimonium Domini . Hotaman in verbis feudalibus , verbo Dominicum , by divers Authorities , proves those lands to be Dominicum , which a man holds originally of himself ; and those to be feodum , which he holds by the benefit of a superior Lord. But this word is now most commonly used for a distinction between those Lands that the Lord of a Mannor hath in his own hands , or in the hands of his Lessee ; and such other Lands appertaining to the said Mannor , which belong to Free or Copy-holders ; howbeit the Copy-hold belonging to any Mannor , is also in the opinion of many good Lawyers , accounted Demeasn . Cowel . Dementation ( dementatio ) a making or being mad . Demi ( Fr. from the Lat. dimidium ) half . Demi chase ( Fr. ) half-chase , or half-hunting boots ; so called by the French , we call them Summer-riding-boots . Demigrate ( demigro ) to flit or remove . Demission ( demissio ) an abasement , faintness , abating . Demit ( demitto ) to put or lay down , to abate in courage , to humble ones self . Democracy ( democratia ) a kind of Government of a Commonweal , wherein the people have the chief rule without any Superior or Magistrate over them , save onely such as themselves choose . Democratical ( democraticus ) pertaining to a such a Government . Democritus , A Philosopher of Abdera a City of Thracia , who was wont to laugh at what chance or fortune soever . Hence Democritick . Mocking , jeering , laughing at every thing . Demolition ( demolitio ) a demolishment , the ruine , subversion or pulling down of buildings , &c. Demon ( daemon ) a devil , a spirit , a hobgobling or hag . Demonachation ( Fr. ) an abandoning or depriving of Monkish profession . Cotg Demoniach or Demonical ( demoniacus ) possessed with a devil , devillish , furious . Demonicratic . The Government of devils . Demonologie ( daemonologia ) a speaking of , or consulting with the devil . Demonstrative ( demonstrativus ) that which declareth any thing evidently . Denary ( denarius ) of or containing ten . Dendrology ( Gr. ) the speaking of Trees ; the title of Mr. Howels well-known Book , otherwise called Dedonas Grove . Deneer ( Fr. Denier ) a small copper coyn about the tenth part of an English penny ; also a penny weight . Denigrate ( denigro ) to make black . Denizen ( from the Fr Donaison , i. Donatio , aut quasi Danes-son , i. Dani filius ) is in our Common Law , an Alien enfranchised here in England by the Princes Charter , and inabled almost in all respects , to do as native Subjects do , namely , to purchase and possess Lands , to be capable of any Office or Dignity . Yet it is short of Naturalization , because a stranger naturalized , may inherit Lands by descent , which a man made onely a Denisen , cannot . Denomination ( denomiratio ) a naming or denoncing . Density ( densitas ) thickness . Dental ( from dens , ntis ) pertaining to the Teeth . Bac. Denticle ( denticulus ) a little tooth ; Also that part of the Chapiter of a Pillar , which is cut and graven like teeth . Vitru . Dentifrice ( dentifricium ) powder , or any thing to rub the teeth with . Dentiloquent ( dentiloquus ) one that speaks through the teeth , or lisps . Dentiscalp ( dentiscalpium ) an instrument to scrape the teeth , a tooth-picker . Dentition ( dentitio ) a breeding of teeth . Denudation ( denudatio ) a laying or leaving bare , a denuding . Denumerate ( denumero ) to pay ready money , to pay money down . Denunciate ( denuncio ) to denounce or give warning , to proclaim . Deobturated ( deobturatus ) shut or stopped from . Dr. Charl. in his Physiologia . Deodand ( deodandum ) is a thing given or forfeited ( as it were ) to God , for the pacification of his wrath in a case of misadventure , whereby any Christian Soul comes to a violent end , without the fault of any reasonable creature . For example , If a horse should strike his keeper , and so kill him : If a man in driving a Cart , and seeking to redress any thing about it , should so fall , as the Cart-wheel running over him , should press him to death : If one should be felling of a tree , and giving warning to company by , when the tree were near falling , to look to themselves , and any of them should be slain nevertheless by the fall of the tree . In the first of these cases , the Horse ; In the second , the Cart-wheel , Cart and Horses ; and in the third , the Tree is to be given to God , that is to be sold and distributed to the poor for an expiation of this dreadful event , though effected by unreasonable creatures . Stawnf . pl. Cor. l 1. ca. 2. And though this be given to God , yet is it forfeited to the King by Law , as sustaining Gods person , and an Executioner in this case to see the price of these distributed to the poor , &c. Fleta saith , that this is sold , and the price distributed to the poor , for the soul of the King , his Ancestors , and all faithful people departed this life . l. 1. ca. 25. de submersis . Depauperate ( depaupero ) to impoverish , to make or become poor . Depeculation ( depeculatio ) a robbing the Commonwealth or Prince ; a publick robbing . Dependent ( dependens ) that hangs down , or depends upon . Depension ( depensio ) a weighing a paying of money . Depilat● ( depilo ) to pull off , or take away hair . Depilatory ( depilatorius ) that makes the hair fall ; It is also used substantively , for any ointment , salve , water , &c. which takes away hair . Depilous ( depilis ) that is made bare , without wooll , fur , or hair . Deplantation ( deplantatio ) a taking up Plants . Depletion ( depletio ) an emptying . Deplication ( deplicatio ) an unfolding . Deploration ( deploratio ) a lamenting or bewailing . Deplore ( deploro ) to bewail , lament or mourn . Deplume ( deplumo ) to pluck off the feathers , to unfeather . Depolition ( depolitio ) a polishing , perfecting or finishing . Deponent ( deponens ) laying down or aside : A Verb Deponent in Grammer is so called , because it deposeth or laies aside some of the quality of a common Verb , that is , the passive signification , and the Participle in dus ; all of which kind end in r , as loquor , &c. In Chancery , and other Courts of Justice we call those Deponents that are sworn to an Affidavit , or sworn and examined upon Interrogatories , and the Deponents answers to such Interrogatories are called Depositions . Depopulate ( depopulo ) to dispeople , to spoil , waste , or destroy . Deportation ( deportatio ) a conveying , a carrying away , ●n utter banishing . Deporim● ( Fr. ) behaviour , demeanor , carriage . Depositar● ( depositarius ) a Keeper of that which is committed to keep in trust , a Guardian or Fe●ssee in trust . Deposi●e● ( depositus ) laid down , put away , left in anothers hand or keeping . Depositum ( Lat. ) a pledge or gag● , that which is committed of trust to be kept , also a wager or stake . The whole Doctrine of our Christianity , being taught by the Apostles , and delivered to their successors , and coming down from one to another , is called the Depositum . Rh●m . Test . p. 534. Depra● ( depravo ) to corrupt , make crooked , to wrest . Depredation ( depraedatio ) a robbing ▪ or spoiling , a preying upon . Deprecation ( deprecatio ) a praying for pardon , and putting away by prayer . Depredable ( depraedabilis ) that may be robb'd or spoiled . Deprehend ( deprehendo ) to take at unawares , to take in the very act . Depression ( depressio ) a pressing or weighing down . Depretiate ( depretio ) to make the price less , to make cheaper . Deprome ( depromo ) to draw , take or fetch out , to declare . Depromption ( depromptio ) a drawing or bringing forth . Depudica●e ( depudico ) to deflowre , to violate . Depulsion ( depulsio ) a putting off , a driving away . Depuration ( depuratio ) a cleansing of filthy matter from a wound , a making clean . Dequantitate , to lessen or diminish the quantity . Vul. Er. Dereliction ( derelictio ) a leaving or forsaking . Deric ( a corruption from the Sax. Dewghtric , i. rich in vertue ) a proper name , which in Latin they call Theodericus ; It is with us abusively used for a Hang-man ; because one of that name was not long since a famed Executioner at Tiburn . Deride ( derideo ) to mock or laugh at . Derision ( derisio ) a laughing , mocking or deriding . Derivative ( derivativus ) that is derived or taken from another . As humanus , from homo ; manly , from man , &c. Derogate ( derogo ) to diminish , abolish or disable , to disparage . Derogatory ( derogatorius ) disparaged or derogated from , disabled , diminished . D●r●ncin●te ( deruncino ) to cut off or pill away that which is superfluous . Der●ses or De●ve●shes , a a kind of Monks , or ( falsely termed ) religious persons among the Turks , that turn round with Musick in their divine Service . Desarcinate ( desarcino ) to unload , or unburthen , to unfraught . Descant ( discanto ) to run division , or variety with the voyce , upon a musical ground , in true measure ; to sing off of a ground . Transferred by metaphor to paraphrasing ingenuously upon any affective subject . Deschevel . See Disshevel . Desecate ( deseco ) to cut in sunder , to cut off , to reap down . Sir H. Wot . Desecrate ( desecro ) to discharge of his Orders , to degrade . Desection ( desectio ) a cutting down . Desiccative ( from desicco ) that drys up , or has the power to dry . Desertion ( desertio ) a leaving or forsaking . To Desiderate ( desidero ) to desire , wish or long for . Desidious ( desidiosus ) slothful , lazy , sluggish . Desipience ( desipientia ) is when the sick person speaks and doth idly ; dotage . Despexion ( despectio ) a looking downwards . Despoliate ( despolio ) to spoil , rob , or pill . Despicable ( despicabilis ) worthy to be despised . Despond ( despondeo ) to betroth or promise in marriage ; also to fail in courage , or despair . Lord Prot. Speech . Despondency ( from despondeo ) a promising in marriage ; also a failing in courage , a despairing . Despondingly ( from despondeo ) desperately , out of hope . Desponsation ( desponsatio ) an affiance or betrothing . Despot ( despota ) a Lord or Ruler of a Country ; as the despot of Servia , &c. Among the antient Greeks , he that was next to the Emperor , either by nearness of blood , or by institution , was by a general name called Despotes , Seld. Despotical , of , or belonging to a Lord or Master ; Lordly . Destinate ( destino ) to ordain , to purpose , or design . Destitut●on ( destitutio ) a leaving or forsaking . Desuetude ( desuetudo ) disuse , or lack of custom . Desultorious Desultorie ( desultorius ) vaulting or leaping ; also unconstant , mutable . Desumption ( desumptio ) a chusing , or taking out . Detection ( detectio ) an opening , discovering , or revealing . Detenebrate ( detenebro ) to dispel or drive away darkness , to bring light . Br. Detention ( detentio ) a withholding or keeping back , a detaining . Deteriorated ( deterioratus ) made worse , impaired , spoiled . Detersive ( detersus ) scoured , wiped , put away . Montagu . Detorsion ( detorsio ) a turning or bending aside . Detraction ( detractio ) a plucking away , a back-biting ▪ a slander . Detrimental ( from detrimentum ) hurtful , dangerous , full of loss . Detrite ( detritus ) worn out , bruised , or consumed . Detrude ( detrudo ) to thrust down or out . Detrusion ( detrusio ) a thrusting down or out . Detruncation ( detruncatio ) a cutting short , or lopping off . Devastation ( devastatio ) a wasting or spoiling . Devection ( devectio ) a carrying away or down . Developed ( Fr. desvelopé ) unwrapped , unfolded , undone , opened . It is the proper term for spreading or displaying an Ensign in war. Dev●xity ( devexitas ) the hollowness of a valley , a bending down . Deviate ( devio ) to go out of the way , to go astray Devirginate ( devirgino ) to defloure a Virgin ; to corrupt . Devise ( Fr. ) is an invention or conceit in picture , with his Motto or Word , born as well by Noble and Learned Personages , as by Commanders in War , to notifie some particular conceit or design of their own . And is the same which the Italians ( and we also from them ) call an Imprese , wherein there is required a correspondency of the Picture , which is as the body ; and the Motto , which ( as the soul ) gives it life ; that is , the body must be of fair representation , and the Motto in some different language , witty , short and answerable thereto , neither too obscure , nor too plain , and most commended , when it is an Hemistich , or parcel of a verse ; for example , one , who , as triumphing over the force of Venus , depainted her Son , winged Cupid , in a net , with this Motto . Qui capit , Capitur . Likewise the needle in the Sea Compass still moving , but to the North-point onely , with Move or immotus , notified the respective constancy of the bearer to one onely . Who desires further knowledge in this ingenious Art , may ●ead The Art of making Devises , and Camb. Remaines , ti● Impreses . Devise , in our Law Dialect , is properly applied to the gift of Lands , as Legacy is to the gift of Goods or Chattels in a last Will and Testament . Drum● , the Devil , or a devillish Idol , most superstitiously adored by the Painims of Calicut in the East In●tia's . Herb. 188. Devoire ( Fr. from the Lat. debere ) duty , that which every one ought to do according to the rule of Law and Reason . Devolve ( devolvo ) to tumble or roule down . And by translation , to fall , come or happen from one to another . Devolution ( devolutio ) a tumbling or rolling down , a falling into lapse . Deuterogamy ( deuterogamia ) second Marriage , or a repetition of it . Deuteronomy ( deuteronomium ) the fifth Book of Moses , so called , because the greatest part of it is a repetition of the Laws contained in the former Books , Exodus , Leviticus , and Numbers . Deu●e●a ( from deuteria ) pertaining to a weak or second sort of wine , or to the second of any kind . Dr. Br. Deuteroscopy ( Gr. ) the second end , aim , or intention ; a second consideration , or thought . Dewian of Beasts , is the hollow part , or Gorge in the throat . Dexterity ( dexteritas ) aptness , promptness , readiness . Dia , a term set before medicinal confections or Electuaries that were devised by the Greeeks . Cotg. Diabetical ( from the Gr. diabetes ) pertaining to that disease , when one cannot make water . Diabolical ( diabolicus ) pertaining to the Devil , Devillish . Diacatholicon ( Gr. ) an Electuary much used in Physick , so called , because it serves as a gentle purge for all humors . Bull. Diacimi●on ( Gr ) a composition made of Simples fit to dissolve windiness in the stomack . Diaconal ( diaconalis ) of or belonging to a Deacon . Diadem ( diadema ) a Kings Crown , or Wreath for the head ; it properly signifies a wreathed Head-band , with which the ancient Kings were contented , as thinking the Crown belonged onely to the Gods. Cotgr. Diagon or Diagonal ( diagonalis ) a line which passeth from one corner , or one angle of a Geometrical body to another corner or angle of the same . Diagram ( diagramma ) a Title of a Book , a sentence or decree : Also a figure in Geometry ; and in Musick it is called a proportion of measures distinguished by certain notes . Rider . Diagraphick-Art ( diagraphice ) the art of painting or graving . Dialectick-Art ( dialectica ) the Art of Logick , and a part of Philosophy , which teacheth to reason or discourse in an artificial form by Enthymems , and Syllogisms in mood and figure . Dialect ( dialectus ) is a manner of speech peculiar to some part of a Country or people , and differing from the manner used by other parts or people , yet all using the same Radical Language , for the main or substance of it . In England , the Dialect in the North , is different from that in the South ; and the Western differs from both . As in this example ; At London we say , I would eat more cheese if I had it , the Northern man saith , Ay sud eat mare cheese gin ay hader , and the Western man saith , Chudee ' at more cheese un ich had it , or on chad it . The Grecians had five especial Dialects . As 1. The property of speech in Athens , called the Attick Dialect , which was most copious and fittest for eloquence . 2. The Ionick , which the antient Writers most used . 3. The ●orick . 4. The Aeolick , or Bucolic , fittest for Poets . 5. The common . Heyl. So every Country commonly hath in divers parts of it some difference of language , which is called the Dialect or Sub-dialect of the place . In Italy , there are above eight several Dialects or Sub-dialects , as the Roman , the Toscan , the Venetian , the Milanois , the Neapolitan , the Calebresse , the Genoevais , the Piomontez , besides the C●rsican , Sicilian , and other neighboring Islands , &c. Mr. How. Dial ( dialis ) pertaining to the day . Diallel , As Parallels are lines running one by the other without meeting : So Diallels are lines which run one through the other , that is , do cross , intersecate , or cut . El. Ar. Dialogue ( dialogus ) a communication , reasoning , or disputation between two parties or more , or a written Discourse where such a conference is set down . Dialogical ( dialogicus ) of or pertaining to a Dialogue . Dialogism ( dialogismus ) a figure or discourse , when one dicusseth a thing by himself , as it were talking with another , does move the question and make the answer . Diameter ( Lat. ) is a certain straight line drawn through the center of a figure , and of both sides bounded in the compass of it , which cuts or divides the figure into two equal parts . Euclid . Diametrical ( diametricus ) pertaining to such a Diameter . Diana , The Moon ; Also a Goddess of hunting , much honored for her chastity , having had many Temples dedicated to her ; whereof the chief was that at Ephesus , called the Temple of Diana ; which for the spaciousness , furniture and workmanship , was accounted one of the worlds wonders ; It was 200 years in building , contrived by Ctesiphon , being 425 foot long , and 220 broad , sustained with 127 pillars of marble , 70 foot high , whereof twenty seven were most curiously graven , and all the rest of marble polisht . It was fired seven times , and lastly by Herostratus ( that night in which Alexander was born ) to get himself a name . Heyl. Diapasm ( diapasma ) a perfume , a pomander , a medicine of dry powders , that is either cast among Apparel to make them smel sweet , or into a wound , or superfluously into drink . Rid. Diapase or Diapason ( Gr. ) a perfect concord of all in Musick : An eighth . See a further explanation of this in L. Bac. Nat. Hist . fo . 30. Diapente ( Gr. ) a concord in Musick called a fifth . Diaprid● or Diapred ( Fr. diapre ) diversified with flourishes or sundry figures , whence we call Cloth that is so diversified , Diaper . Min. Diaphanity ( from diaphanum ) clearness , transparency . Vul. Er. Diaphanous ( diaphanus ) clear as chrystal , transparent . Diaphony ( diaphonia ) a divers sound , a discord . Diaphonist ( diaphonista ) he that makes divers sounds . Diaphoretick ( diaphoreticus ) that dissolveth or sends forth humors . Diaphragm ( diaphragma ) a long and round Muscle lying overthwart the lower part of the Breast , separating the Heart and Lights from the Stomack , and the vital parts from the natural ; the Midriff . Diarrhoetick ( from diarrhoea ) that hath a Lask or loosness in the belly without inflammation . Diaty ( diarium ) that contains the particular actions of every day , a Journal Book , or a book of remembrance . See Annals . Diatessaron ( Gr. ) of fours ; a concord in Musick called a Fourth , whereof there are four in the Scale , which compriseth fifteen strings . Diatonick Musick ( diatonum ) keeps a mean temperature between Chromatic , and Enharmoniac ; and may go for plain Song . Diatr●be ( diatriba ) an auditory , or place where disputations , or exercises are held . Dibble , An instrument to set herbs in a Garden . Dicacity ( dicacitas ) scoffing , taunting , or bourding , much speaking . Dication ( dicatio ) a vowing , submitting , promising , or dedicating . Dicearchy ( dicaearchia ) just government . D●cear●k ( dicaearchus ) a just Prince . Diceology ( dicaeologia ) justification by , or in talk . Dichotomy ( dichotomia ) a dividing or cutting into two parts ; or a division made by two and two . Dicker of Leather , is ten Hides . Dictamen ( Lat. ) a thing written by another mans instruction . Dictate ( dicto ) to appoint or tell another what , and how he shall write , which is also used substantively , as Dictates , or Lessons which the Master indites for the Schollars to write . Dictator ( Lat. ) he that indites a thing to be written : Also a chief Ruler among the antient Romans , from whom no Appeal was granted , and for half a year had a Kings power , never chosen but when the Commonwealth was in some great danger or trouble , and at half years end , under pain of Treason , yeelded up his Office ; So named , either because he onely said the word and it was done , or because he was Dictus , nominated onely by one of the Consuls , and not otherwise chosen . Dictitat● ( dictito ) to speak or tell often , or in divers places ; to plead . Felth. Dictature ( dictatura ) a pronouncing a thing to be written ; The Dictatorship . D●dascalick ( from didascalus ) pertaining to a M●ster or Teacher . Didram ( didrachmum ) an antient coyn consisting of two drams ; of our money it values 15 d. It is used for Tribute money , Matth. 17.24 . Didymus ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. geminus ) the name of St. Thomas , one of the Apostles , and signifies a Twin . He was called Didymus , for being a twin , born with some other , or for some such cause . Tr. of Mass . Diennial ( diennis ) of or pertaining to two years . Diet ( diaeta ) in Germany it is the same thing as a Parliament in England , a great Assembly or Council of the States and Princes of the Empire . Dieretick ( from Diaeresis ) pertaining to a division , or the figure , Diaeresis , whereby one syllable is divided into two parts , as Evoluisse for Evolvisse . Bac. Dietary , that treateth of , or pertaineth to Diet. Dietetical ( diaeteticus ) pertaining to ( moderate ) diet , such as Physitians prescribe . Dietical ( dieticus ) keeping from day to day , regular . Dieu et mo● dro●t ( Fr. ) God and my Right . The Motto of the Kings Arms , first used ( as some affirm ) by Henry the Eighth . Diffarreation ( diffarreatio ) a sacrifice done between a man and his wife at Divorcement : As Confarreation was at the marriage . Rider . Diffibulate ( diffibulo ) to unbutton , open or ungird . Difficacity ( difficacitas ) hardness or difficulty . Difficilitate ( from difficilitas ) to make difficult or hard . Diffident ( diffidens ) distrustful , desperate , doubtful . Diffluence ( diffluentia ) a loosness , a flowing forth or abroad . Diffusion ( diffusio ) a scattering abroad , a spilling or spreading . Digamist or Digamite ( digamus or digama ) a man that hath two wives together , or a woman that has two Husbands ; Also one that marries after his first Wives death or divorce . Digested ( digestus ) disposed , ordered , divided . The Digests ( digestus ) a volume of the Civil Law , so called , because the legal precepts therein , are so excellently ordered , disposed and digested . A Digestive in Chyrurgerie is taken for that which prepares the matter to mundification or cleansing . Digit ( Fr. digitte ) a Character which expresseth a figure in Arithmetick , as V. the figure of five , an X. ten , &c. Digitation ( digitatio ) the form of the fingers of both hands joyned together , or the manner of their so joyning . Cotgr. Digital ( digitalis ) pertaining to a finger , or fingers breadth . To Digite , to point with the finger . Felth. Digladiation ( digladiatio ) a debate , a fight , a strife . Dignorate ( dignoro ) to mark , as men do beasts , to know them . Dignosce ( dignosco ) to discern , to know by divers parts . Scotch Papers . Digression ( digressio ) a departing , a changing of purpose , a straying from the matter , a swerving from . Dijudicate ( dijudico ) to judge between two , to determine . Dike-grabe , An Officer in the Low Countries , who hath the over-sight and command ot the Dikes and Banks that preserve the Country from the inundation of the Sea. Dickins , a corruption of Devilkins , i. little Devils ; as 't is usually said , the Dickins take you . Dilacerate ( dilacero ) to tear or rend in pieces . Dilariate ( dilanio ) the same with Dilacerate . Dilapidate ( dilapido ) to rid a place of stones , to consume and spend wastfully . Dilatable ( from dilato ) that may be enlarged , or made bigger , extendable . Dilatation ( dilatatio ) an inlarging or making bigger . To Dilate ( dilato ) to extend , or inlarge , to delay . Dilatatory ( from dilato ) an inlarger ; an instrument wherewith Chyrurgeons open those parts that by sickness or other accidents are too much closed . Dilatory ( dilatorius ) that delays or prolongs time . Dilection ( dilectio ) love or charity . Dilemma ( Gr. ) a kind of Argument called by Logicians Cornutum Argumentum , which convinceth ones adversary both ways , as in saying ; If he be a good man , why do you speak evil of him ? If naught , why do you keep him company ? There is a Tradition of a Dilemma , that Bishop Morton ( Chancellor to H. 7. ) used , to raise up the Benevolence to higher rates , and some called it his Fork and some his Crote● ; for he had concluded an Article in the Instructions to the Commissioners , who were to leavy the Benevolence ; That if they met with any that were sparing , they should tell them , they must needs have , because they laid up ; And if they were spenders , they must needs have , because it was seen in their port and manner of living . I. Bac. Hen. 7. p. 101. Dilling ( proculus ) a child born when the Father is old , or the last Child that Parents have ; in some places called a Swil-p●ugh . Dilogy ( dilogia ) a doubtful speech , which may signifie or be construed two ways Diloricate ( dilorico ) to undoe , cut or rip a coat that is sewed . Dilucid ( dilucidus ) clear , light , manifest , easie to be discerned . Dilucidate ( dilucido ) to declare or make plain . Dilution ( dilutio ) a washing , or clensing , a purging or clearing . Diluvial ( diluvialis ) of or belonging to the Deluge or great Flood . Dimension ( dimensio ) a measuring or compassing . Dimetient ( dimetiens ) measuring . Dimication ( dimicatio ) battel , fight , contention . Dimidiate ( dimidio ) to divide into halves or two parts . Diminution ( diminutio ) a diminishing , abating or lessening . Diminutive ( diminutivum ) that which is diminished or made less ; or the lesser of that whereof there is a bigger . As Libellus , a little book , and Foemella a little woman , are the diminutives of Liber and Foemina . So is Rivolet , of a River . Dinarchy ( Gr. ) the joynt Rule or Government of two Princes . Dioces ( dioecesis ) is a Greek word compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and signifies with us the Circuit of every Bishops Jurisdiction . For this Nation hath two sorts of divisions : one into Shires or Counties , in respect of temporal policy ; another into Diocesses , in respect of jurisdiction Ecclesiastical . Cow. Diocesa ( dioecesanus ) he that hath the Jurisdiction of a Diocess ; or he that inhabites within a Diocess . Diogenes , a Philosopher , who for his dogged disposition , was Sir-named the Cynick . Hence it is that we call this or that man , who is of a churlish or harsh disposition , a Diogenes . Dionymal ( dionymus ) that hath two names . Dioptick Art ( dioptice ) the Perspective , Art , or that part of Astronomy , which by Quadrants and hollow instruments pierces the heavens , and measures the distance , length , bigness , and breadth of the Coelestial bodies . Min. Dioptrical , pertaining to Dioptra , which is a measure to weigh water ; a Quadrat , or Geometrical Instrument , wherewith the distance and height of a place is known afar off , by looking through certain little holes therein : The looking-hole or sight of any instrument . Dr. Charl. Diple , a note or mark in the Margent to signifie that there is somewhat to be amended . Rider . Dipondiary ( dipondiarius ) that is of two pound weight . Dipsades ( dipsas , adis ) a kind of Snakes , whose biting ( consuming the humors of mans body ) causeth a mortal thirst in the party bitten . Diphthong ( diphthongus ) two vowels contracted into one body or form , whereof in the Latin tongue there are five , ae , au , oe , eu , ei . Diptote ( diptoton ) a Noun that hath but two Cases . Diptyck ( diptychus ) having two leaves when it is opened , any thing like two leaves . Dire ( dirus ) cruel , terrible , vigorous . Dirge ( a corruption from the Latin word dirige ) signifies the office of the dead , used to be said by Roman Catholicks for the souls in Purgatory , and is so called from the first word of the first Antiphon of the office , which is Dirige . Directory ( from the Lat. Dirigo ) is the name of a book introduced by the late long Parliament in the stead of the Common Prayer Book , which was voted down on the 26 of November , 1644. and is called a Directory , because it directs the Ministers and people in a different way of praying , preaching , and administring the Sacraments . Direption ( direptio ) a robbing , spoiling , or ransacking of places and persons for goods and riches , and taking it away ; properly in the winning a place by assault when all things lye open to the lust of the Conqueror . See Repudiate . A Diribitory ( diribitorium ) a place wherein Souldiers are numbered , mustered , and receive their pay ; a place where the Romans gave their voyces . Dirity ( diritas ) cruelty , terribleness . Diruption ( diruptio ) a bursting , ot breaking a sunder . Dirutor ( Lat. ) he that destroys or pulls down . Dis , a preposition used only in composition ; sometimes it is a note of privation , sometimes of diversity , sometimes of separation ; and sometimes Dis joyned with another word , keeps still the same signification with the simple word . Discalceate ( discalceo ) to pull off ones shoos . Disceptation ( disceptatio ) disputation , debating , or arguing . Disceptator ( Lat. ) a Judge , Arbiter , or Days-man ; Also he that argues or disputes . Discerption ( discerptio ) a renting in sunder . Discession ( discessio ) a departing , a leaving , or going away . Discind ( discindo ) to cut off or in pieces , to separate : How. Discinct ( discinctus ) ungirded , dissolute , negligent . Disciplinable ( disciplinabilis ) that is capable of learning or instruction . Disclusion ( disclusio ) a shutting out , a separation . Discomfiture ( from the Fr. disconfiture ) a defeature , overthrow , or vanquishing . To Discolor ( discoloro ) to make of divers colours : Also to take away or fade the colour . Discontinuity , discontinuance ; a dis-joyning or separation . Discordant ( discordans ) disagreeing , out of tune . Discrepant ( discrepans ) differing , jarring , disagreeing , repugnant unto . Discr●ed ( discretus ) severed , parted , discerned . Discriminate ( discrimino ) to divide , or put a difference betwixt . Discubation ( discubatio ) a lying down to sleep . Discumbence ( from discumbo ) a sitting upon a bed , a lying down to sleep , a sitting down at Table . Discurrent ( discurrens ) that wanders or runs hither and thither . Discusion ( discussio ) a strict examining of a matter : Also a striking or dashing into divers parts . Disembogue ( from the Spanish Des embocar ) to cast out of the mouth , to vomit . Among Seamen it signifies to come out of the mouth of any gulph , through a streight . Disgregate ( disgrego ) to set apart , to sever . Disertitude ( disertitudo ) eloquence . Disimbellish ( from the Fr. desembeller ) to disfigure , or impair the beauty of . Dis-jugate ( dis-jugo ) to disjoyn , part or sever . Disjunctive ( dijunctivus ) that disjoyns , or separates . Dislocate ( disloco ) to remove out of his due place , to put out of joynt , to displace . Disme ( Fr. ) a Tithe or tenth of . Dispand ( dispando ) to stretch out or spread abroad . Disparates ( disparata ) seperate things , divers , unlike . It is also a term of Logick applied to such things as have no connexion . Disparility ( disparilitas ) inequality , unlikeness , difference . Disparition ( disapparitio ) a disappearing , or vanishing . Dispensaror ( Lat. ) a Steward , or Officer that lays out money for a houshold , a dispencer or disposer . A Dispensatory , a book that teacheth how to make all Physical compositions . Dismes ( decimae ) Tythe , or the tenth part of all the fruits , either of the earth or beasts , or our labor due to God , and consequently to him that is of the Lords lot , and hath his share , viz. our Pastor . It signifies also the tenths of all spiritual Livings , yearly given to the Prince , called a perpetual Disme . A. 2. and 3. Ed. 6. ca. 35. which in antient times were paid to the Pope , till Pope Vrban gave them to Richard the second , to aid him against Charls the French King , and those other that upheld Clement the seventh against him . Pol. Virg. l. 20. Lastly , It signifies a tribute levied of the temporality . Holinshed . fol. 111. Dispauper , is a word most used in the Court of Chancery , as when one is admitted to sue in forma pauperis , if that priviledge be taken from him , he is said to be Dispaupered . Disperpelled , a term in Heraldy when any thing of soft substance , doth , by falling from high , shoot it , self out into divers corners or ends . Bull. Dispicience ( dispicientia ) circumspection , advisement , diligent consideration . Displ●cence ( from displiceo ) displeasure , dislike . Mont. Displosion ( displosio ) a breaking asunder as a bladder . Dispoliate ( dispolio ) to rob or spoil , Disquamation ( disquamatio ) a scaling of fish , a taking off the shell or bark . Disquition ( disquisitio ) a diligent search or enquiry . Disseiti● ( from the Fr. Disseisir ) signifies in our Common Law , an unlawful dispossessing a man of his Land , Tenement , or other immoveable or incorporeal Right , &c. Instit . of the Com. Law. ca. 15. Dissection ( dissectio ) a cleaving in peeces , a cutting off or asunder . Disseminate ( dissemino ) to sow here and there , to spread abroad . Dissentaneous ( dissentaneus ) not agreeing , disagreeing . Dissen●rie . See Dysentery . Dissidence ( dissidentia ) discord , or displacing . Dissilient ( dissiliens ) leaping down off a place , or hither and thither . Dissimilar or Dissimilary parts ; ( dissimilares partes ) are those parts of a mans body , which are unlike in nature one to another , as the Head , Hands , Feet , Heart , Liver , &c. And the Similary parts are those that are of like nature , as the Skin , Nerves , Fat , &c. Disheviled , or Discheveled ( from the French deschevelè ) an old word used by Chaucer , and yet still in use , and signifies as much as bare-headed , bare-haired , or the hair hanging down disorderly about the ears . Min. Dischevel ( Fr. discheveler ) to loose , disorder , scatter or pull the hair about the ears . Dissipate ( dissipo ) to scatter or spread abroad , to disperse . Dissipable ( dissipabilis ) that may be spread or scattered abroad . Dissology ( dissologia ) the speech of two . Dissoluble ( dissolubilis ) easie to be loosed or dissolved . Dissonance ( dissonantia ) a discord in tunes and voyces . Dissyllable ( dissyllabus ) a word of two syllables . Distantial ( distans , antis ) differing or distant , far asunder , divers . Distend ( distendo ) to stretch or reach out ; to enlarge . Distention ( distentio ) a stretching out , an enlarging . Distick ( distichon ) a double meeter , a couple of verses a sentence contained in two verses . Distil ( distillo ) to drop down by little and little . Distortion ( distortio ) a wresting , writhing or crookedness . Felth. uses the word Distorquement in the same sence . Distress ( districtio ) signifies most commonly in our Law , a compulsion in certain real Actions whereby to bring a man to appearance in Court , or to pay debt , or duty denied . The effect whereof most usually is , to drive the party distrained to Replieve the distress , and so to take his action of trespass against the distrainer , or else to compound neighborly with him for the debt or duty for which he distrains ; In what cases a distress is lawfull , See The new terms of Law , Verbo distresse . Sometimes it signifies great affliction or misery . Districate ( from the Ital. districare ) to rid out of trouble or incumbrance . Distringent ( distringens ) that rubs ▪ or wipes off , or that troubleth greatly . Disveloped . See Developed . Dithyramb ( dithyrambus ) a kind of Hymn or song in honor of Bacchus , who was surnamed Dithyrambus ; and the Poets , who composed such Hymns , were called Dithyrambicks . Dition ( ditio ) dominion , power , authority , mastership . Ditty ( from the Ital. detto , i. dictum ) a rime expressed in words , and sung to a musical tune . Min. Divagation ( divagatio ) a straying or wandering about . Dival ( divalis ) divine , belonging to the gods . Divan Divano a Judgment hal , a great Court of Law or Justice among the Turks and Persians , not much unlike or inferior to our Parliament , of which there is one held in every Province ; But the chief Divan or Tribunal of Justice is held in the Great Turks Palace at Constantinople , the four first days of every week . Hist . of Fran. Divaricate ( divarico ) to stride or spread wide one from another . Divelled ( from Divello ) pulled away , or asunder , undone , ravished . Felth. Diventilate ( diventilo ) to fan or winnow Corn with a Wind-fan ; also to turn out of one hand into another . Diverberate ( diverbero ) to strike , beat or cut . Diversify ( diversifico ) to vary , or make divers . Diversiloquent ( diversiloquens ) that varieth or speaks diversly . Diverticle ( diverticulum ) a by-way : a crafty shift . Dividend , in the Exchequer seems to be one part of an Indenture . An. 10. Ed. 1. ca. 11. & 28 ejus . Stat. 3. ca. 2. Dividen● ( from divido ) in the University is that share which every one of the Fellows does equally and justly divide , either by an Arithmetical or Geometrical proportion of their annual stipend . Dividual ( dividuus ) that may be severed or divided . Dividuity ( dividuitas ) a division ; also an aptness to divide . Divination ( divinatio ) a presage or foretelling of things to come ; which may be divided into three different kinds , viz. Supernatural , Natural and Superstitious . Supernatural Divination ( onely revealed to man by God ) is not properly called Divination but Prophecy , with which all the holy Prophets have in former times been inspired . Natural Divination , may be divided into two branches , whereof the first is that which hath in former times been practised by wicked spirits in Oracles and Answers given by them in Idols , and is at this day sometimes seen in possessed persons , who by suggestion of the Devil may foretel things to come , and this is but a Natural Divination : For though to us it seem miraculous , because of our ignorance in the causes and courses of things , yet in those spirits it is but natural , who by their long experience and great observation , besides the knowledge of secrets in Nature , and their quick intelligence from all places , are able to fore-see much more , then we by nature can . The second Branch of Natural Divination is that , which a wise man may foretell by probable conjecture , being no way offensive ▪ so long as it is onely guided by reason , and over-ruled by submitting it self to the Almighty power of God. And to this second kind of Divination , Astrology may also be referred which ( by the motion and influence of Stars and Planets ) promises to foretel many things , so long as it keeps it self in due limits and arrogates not too much to the certainty thereof ; into which excess of vanity , if it once break forth , it is then no longer called Natural Divination , but Superstitious and wicked ; For the Stars may incline , but not impose a necessity on particular things . The third and last manner of Divination is that which we call Superstitious ; whereof there has been among the Gentiles divers different kinds . As namely , Augury , by the flying , feeding , and chirping of Birds . Alphitomancy , by Barley meal . Auruspicy , by opening and viewing the bowels of Beasts . Necromancy , by calling up Devils or dead mens Ghosts . Geomancy , by making certain circles and lines in the earth . Hydromancy , by some apparition in water . Pyromancy , by the fire , or by spirits appearing in the fire . Palmistry , or Chiromancy , by looking on the lines of the fingers and hands . Coscinomancy , by a Sieve . Aeromancy , by the Air. Capnomancy , by the flying of smoak . Catoptromancy , by visions in a glass . Sorcery , or Cleromancy , by lots . Armomancy , by the shoulders of beasts . Axiomancy , by Hatchets . Daphnomancy , by a Lawrel or Bay-tree . Alectryomancy , by a Cock. Alebromancy , by Barly meal mixed with Wheat . Botanomancy , by vertue of herbs . Cephaleonomancy by an Asses head broiled on coals . Ceromancy , by wax put into water . Lithomancy , by a stone . Belomancy , by Arrows . Libanomancy , by Incense or Frankincense . Metopomancy , by the face . Necyomancy by conference with dead bodies raised , &c. All which being by the Pagans themselves accounted deceitful and vain , it remains that of Christians they be utterly rejected and abhorred . Of the nature and definition of Divination , see more in my L. Bac. advan . of learn. p. 209. Divinize , To make divine or heavenly . Divinipotent ( divinipotens ) that hath power in divine things . Divitiate ( divitio ) to enrich , or make rich . Felth. D●vitiosity ( divitiositas ) abundance of riches . Divorce ( divortium , à diversitate mentium ) the dissolution of marriage , a separation of man and wife , which was ( as our Saviour witnesseth , Matth. 19.8 . ) first permitted by Moses to the Israelites , Deut. 24.1 . for the hardness of their hearts , that men might rather put their Wives away , whom they grew weary of , then use them with too great extremity to shorten their lives , as many did ; The woman so divorced was to have of her Husband a writing ( as St Hierom and Josephus witness in l. de ant . 4. c. 8. ) to this effect , I promise that hereafter I will lay no claim to thee , and this writing was called a Bill of Divorce . But with Christians this custom is abrogated , saving onely in case of Adultery . The antient Romans also had a custom of Divorce , among whom it was as lawful for the Wife to put away her Husband , as for the Husband to dismiss his Wife ; But among the Israelties this prerogative was onely permitted to the Husband . See Repudiate . In our Common Law , Divorce is accounted that separation between two de facto married together , which is à vinculo Matrimonii , non solùm à mensa & thoro . And therefore the woman , so divorced , received all again that she brought with her . This is onely upon a nullity of the marriage through some essential impediment , as Consanguinity or affinity within the degrees forbidden , precontract , impotency , or such like . See The new terms of Law. Diuretical ( diureticus ) that provokes one to piss , that hath the power or property to make one piss , or to cause Urine . Diurnal ( diurnalis ) belonging to the day , or to a Pamphlet so called . Diurnal ( diurnum ) taken substantively , is a Day-book , or Register of every days business , news , or action . Diuturnity ( diuturnitas ) long space of time , long continuance . D●vulgate ( divulgo ) to publish or make common . Divulsion ( divulsio ) a pulling in pieces , or asunder . Dizain ( Fr. ) the number of ten , the tenth : Also a Ditty of ten Stanzaes : or Stanza of ten verses ; also a French penny . And sometimes it is taken for a pair of Beads of ten courses . Docible ( docibilis ) apt to be taught . Docibility ( docibilitas ) easiness to be taught , aptness to learn , quickness of apprehension . Docilize ( from doceo ) to make docible , tractable , teachable . A Dock for ships ( navale ) there are two kinds of them , a dry Dock , which is made with Flood-gates , to keep out the Tide , in which ships are built and repaired , and wherein they sit without danger . A wet Dock , which is in any Creek or place , where a ship may be cast in out of the Tides way ; and there when a ship has made her self ( as it were ) a place to lye in , we say she has Docked herself . Docket , is a Brief in writing . An. 2. and 3. P. & Ma. c. 6. West writes it Dogget , by whom it seems to be some smal peece of paper or parchment containing the effect of a larger writing . Sym. part . 2. tit . Fines . Sect. 106. Doctiloquent ( dictiloquus ) that speaks learnedly . Doct●rat ( Fr. ) a Doctorship , the state or degree of a Doctor . Document ( documentum ) a lesson , admonition or example . Dodecatemory ( Gr. ) a term in Astrology , signifying a twelfth part , and is most commonly applied to the division of the Zodiack into twelve signs . Dodeclaedron ( Gr. ) a figure of twelve angles or corners , a twelve-cornered proportion . Dodona , a City of Epirus , near which stood a Grove of Oaks onely dedicated to Jupiter , called Dodona's Grove , the Oaks were said to speak , and were wont to give oraculous answers to those that came to consult them . Dodrantal ( dodrantalis ) of nine ounces or nine inches in length or weight . Dog-days , or Canicular days ( dies caniculares ) certain days in July and August , so called of the Star Canis , or the Dog-star , which then ( rising with the Sun ) is predominant and greatly increaseth the heat thereof . During the time this Dog-star reigns , the River Nilus in Egypt overflowes his banks , as though the waters were led by that star . Min. See Vul. Er. upon this subject , fo . 221. And the first part of the Treasury of times , fo . 72. Doge , is the title of dignity belonging to the supream Magistrate among the Venetians , who is also called Duke . Dogdraw , is a manifest deprehension of an offender against Venison in the Forest . There are four of these noted by Mr. Manw. part . 2. of his Forest Laws , c. 18. viz. Stable-stand , Dog-draw , Back-bear , and Bloody-hand . Dog-draw is when one is found drawing after a Deer by the scent of a Hound that he leads in his hand , &c. Dogmatical ( dogmaticus ) prudent , wise , learned , belonging to points of learning or doctrine . Dogmatist ( dogmatistes ) he that induceth any new Sect or Opinion , one that makes or would try conclusions , a forger of new Sects . Dogmatize ( dogmatizo ) to impose a doctrine ; to instruct or teach . Dolation ( dolatio ) a smoothing or making even . Dole ( dolus ) deceit , treachery , guil . If from ( dolor ) then grief or sorrow . We also call Alms distributed to the poor at a Funeral , Dole , quasi Deal , from the Sax. Daelan , i. to divide or distribute , because we deal or divide it out in portions . Doleance ( Fr. ) a waiting , lamentation , moaning or complaining . Dollar , a Dutch coyn worth about 4s . or 4s . 4d . of our money . Dolorous ( dolorosus ) full of grief , sorrow , or pain . Dolphin ( Fr. Dauphin ) the eldest Son of France , called so of ●aulphine , a Province given , or ( as some report ) sold in the year 1349 by Humbert Earl thereof to Philip de Valors , partly on condition , that for ever the French Kings eldest Son should hold it ( during his Fathers life ) of the Empire . Cot. Domable ( domabilis ) easie to be tamed . Domestical Domestick ( domesticus ) pertaining to the houshold , tame , familiar . Dome ( from domus ) a Town-house , Guild-hall , State-house , Meeting-house in a City , from that of Florence , which is so called . Also a flat round Loover , or open roof to a Steeple , Banquetting-house , &c. Somewhat resembling the bell of a great Watch. Merc. Ital. Also a doom , judgment or sentence ; from the Sax. Dome . Dolyman , a Turkish Gown , long coat , or upper Garment , closed with long buttons down to the girdle-stead . Domicil ( domicilium ) a mansion-house , or dwelling place . Domination ( dominatio ) Dominion , Rule , or Authority over others . Dominations , are one of the nine Quires of Angels mentioned by St. Paul , Col. 1.16 . Dominative ( dominans ) bearing rule or sway . Domini or Anno Domini , is the computation of time from the Incarnation of our Saviour Jesus Christ . As the Romans made their computation from the building the City of Rome ; and the Grecians numbered their years by the Olympiads or Games called Olympick . So Christians , in remembrance of the happy Incarnation , and blessed birth of our Saviour , reckon the time from his Nativity . See Epoch . Dominical ( dominicus ) pertaining to the Lord and Master . The Dominical Letter in Calenders is so called from a kinde of preheminence it hath above the rest of the letters , in token whereof it is of red colour , representing the purple , which is a robe of dignity : or rather , because it shews the Dominical or Lords day thoughout the year . Min. Dominica●s , otherwise called Preaching or Black Friers , a religious Order instituted by St. Dominick a Spaniard , about the year 1206. he sent his Associates to preach the Gospel even to the furthest parts of the world then known , which they did with great success , as their Successors since have done , and do still even in India and America : This Order was confirmed by Pope Honorius the Third , about the year 1216. Domino , a kind of hood or habit for the head , worn by Canons ; and hence also a fashion of vail used by some women that mourn . Dominicide ( dominicida ) he that kills his Master . Domition Domiture ( domitura ) a taming or breaking . Donary ( donarium ) a gift or present , properly to a holy use . Donatists , a Sect of Hereticks , so called from Donatus Bishop of Carthage , the first broacher of the Heresie , who lived about the year 358 in the time of Pope Liberius , and the Emperor Constantine . Their prime tenet was , that the true Church was onely in Africk , and that out of Africk there was no true Baptism ; they held also that the Son in the mystery of the Blessed Trinity , was less then the Father , and the Holy Ghost less then the Son , with other damnable points , &c. See Circumcellians . Donative ( donativum ) a Princes benevolence or gift . A Donative Benefice , is that which is meerly given and collated by the Patron to a man , without either presentation to , or institution by the Ordinary , or Induction by his commandment . Fitzh . nat . br . fo . 35. E. See the Statute A. 8. R. 2. ca. 4. Donative ( donativus adjectively ) that is able or apt to give . Doniferous ( donifer ) that carries a gift . Donor ( in our Common Law ) signifies the giver , and Donee he or she to whom a gift is given . Dooms-day-book , so called because upon any difference , the parties received their doom from it . Others ( less probably ) say t is called Dooms-day-book , Quasi , domus Dei Book ; But to confirm the former Etymology , it is called in Latin , Liber Judiciarius . See Antient Demeasn . Dorado ( Span. ) a thing guilded or guilt . It is used in Religio Medici fo . 135. ) for a man that hath a fair out-side , but no qualities or good parts within . Dorick Dialect ( dilaectus Dorica ) one of the five Dialects of the Greek tongue . Vide Dialect . Dorick-work , is a term in Architecture , and signifies one of the five orders of Pillars mentioned by Vitruvius . See Tuscan . Dorick or Dorian Musick ( Dorica musica ) a kind of grave and solemn Musick , and therefore assigned to great Personages ; and so called because the Dorians first devised it . Dormant ( Fr. ) a term in Heraldry , as a Lion dormant , i. a Lyon sleeping , or lying in a sleeping posture . Dormitive ( from dormio ) that causeth sleep . Dorp ( Belg. ) a Village or Country Town . See Thorp . A Dorter , Dortoire or Dormitory ( dormitorium ) a place where many sleep together ; so was the place antiently and still is called , where religious persons are wont to take their nights rest in their Covents , many in the same room . Dose ( from Dosis , i. a giving ) the quantity of Potion or Medicine which a Physitian appoints his Patient to take at once . Dotkiy , A thing of small value , a kind of coyn ( Stanf. pl. cor . fo . 37. ) it seems to come of the Dutch word Duytke● , that is , the eighth part of a Styfer or French Shilling , of which Styfers ten in the Low Countries or ten Sols in France , are of the same value with an English shilling , viz. twelve pence . Min. Dovetaild , is a term among Joyners , and signifies that particular sort of joyning boards together ; so called , when one peece of the one goes into , or mingles with the other , and is much better , and more costly then a common , plain , joyning boards together . Doublet ( Fr. ) a counterfeit Jewel or stone of two peeces joyned or glewed together . Dotal ( dotalis ) belonging to a Dowry or Joynture . Dovane ( Fr. Douane ) the name of the Custom-house of Lyons ; hence also any Custom or Impost . Dowager ( dótata ) a Widow indowed , or that hath a Jointure ; a title applied to the Widows of Princes , and great Personages onely . Downes , With us hath two significations ; the one , certain hilly Plains in the West Country , so called ; and this Down comes from the old Saxon Dune , i. a hill , commonly that stretcheth it self out in length : The other a certain part of the Sea lying near the Sands upon the coast of Kent , where commonly our English Navy rides ; and this we borrow from the Hollanders , who call the Sand-banks , which lye on the Sea-side , the Dunes ; And the Town of Dunkirk , rightly in English , Dun-Church , took denomination from its being scituate in the Dunes or Sand-banks of the Sea. Verst . Dower Dowry ( dos ) signifies in our Common Law two things . First , That which the Wife brings to her Husband in marriage , otherwise called Maritagium , Mariage good . Next , and more commonly , That which she hath of her Husband , after the Marriage determined , if she out-live him . Glanvile , l. 7. ca. 2. Bracton l. 2. ca. 38. See more in Cowel . And you may see the form of a Dowry Bill , among the Jews , in Moses and Aaron , p. 235. Dowsets , The stones of a Stag or Buck , so called by Hunts-men . Doxology ( Gr. ) a song of praise , a speaking or giving glory ; as when we say , Glory be to the Father , &c. that is properly Doxology , and is said to be composed by the first Council of Nice , and St. Jerome to be the Author of adding the other Versicle , As it was in the beginning , &c. View of Directory , fo . 32 , 33. Doxy , a she Rogue , a woman man Beggar , a lowzy Quean . Draco's Laws , Laws , which for being extream severe and cruel , are therefore said to be written rather with blood then ink ; such are those that punish trivial offences with death , or some other excessive torment . So called from ●raco an antient and severe Law-maker in Athens . Dram ( drachma ) the eighth part of an ounce , it contains three Scruples , every scruple being of the weight of twenty wheat corns : So that a Dram is the just weight of Sixty corns of wheat . Also a peece of money among the Grecians , the most usual whereof valued of ours ● d. ob . Dramatick ( dramaticum ) a kind of Poetry , when the persons are every one adorned and brought upon the Theater , to speak and act their own parts . Hobbi . See Poesie . Drap-de berry , a thick kind of cloth so called , for that it was first made in the County of Berry in France . Drapery ( so called of the French word Drap , i. cloth ) a term which Painters use , consisting principally in the true making and folding a Garment , in drawing or limning , giving to every fold his proper natural doubling and shadow . Peacham . See Silerie . Drift or a Drift , a term a-among Water-men , and signifies the floating of a Boat alone without any person in it , to row or steer it , but is carried to and fro with the Tyde . Dril , a Stone-cutters tool , wherewith he bores little holes in Marble , &c. Also a large over-grown Ape , or Baboon , so called . Drogoman ( or Draguman ) an Interpreter or Truchman , the word is used by the Turks from the Gr , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . The Fr , write it Drogueman . See Truchman . Drol ( Fr. ) a good-fellow , boon Companion , merry Grig ; one that cares not how the world goes . Drolery ( Fr. ) is with us taken for a kinde of facetious way of speaking or writing , full of merry knavish wit. Dromedary ( dromas , adis ) a kind of Camel with two bunches on his back , very swift , being able to carry a man 100 miles a day , and may abide three dayes journey without drink . Dropacist ( dropacista ) one that pulls off hair and makes the body bare . Drudger , one that fishes for oysters ; and that kind of fishing is called drudging . Druids ( Druides ) certain Prophets or learned Pagan Priests that lived naked in woods , giving themselves to the study of Philosophy , and avoiding all company as much as they might : they were of such estimation among the people , that all controversies were referred to their determination , and a great penalty laid on such as disobeyed their sentence . They believed the immortality of the Soul , but supposed ( with Pythagoras ) they still passed by death , from one body to another . Caesar lib. 6. de bello Gal. They took their name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , an Oke , because they held nothing more holy then an Oak , which was also sacred to Jupiter ; or because they were wont to exercise their superstition in Oken Groves , whence Lucan lib. 7. — Nemora alta remotis Incolitis lucis , — Ant. Hiber . p. 27. Dryads ( Dryades ) Nymphs of the woods , or wood Fairies . Dual ( dualis ) pertaining to the number two . Duality ( dualitas ) the number two , duplicity . Duana . See Divano . Duarchy ( duarchia ) a government wherein two govern joyntly . To Dub a Knight ( from the Fr. Addouber , i. to dress or arm at all points ) to make a Knight , or to confer that order upon any one . Dubiosity ( from dubiosus ) doubtfulness . Dubious ( dubius ) doubtful , uncertain . Ducal ( ducalis ) that hath the conduct or leading ; Duke-like , of or belonging to a Duke . Ducket ( ducalis aurem ) a certain gold coyn which was first coined in Rome , in the year of the City 547. and afterwards it began to be used in other places . So called , because it bore the image of a Duke , and is worth about six shillings and eight pence . Pol. Virgil. Ducenarious ( ducenarius ) pertaining to two hundred . Ductarious ( ductarius ) that draweth , leadeth , or guideth . Ductible ( ductibilis ) that may be led . Ductile ( ductilis ) easie to be drawn or led . Duction ( ductio ) a leading or bringing down . Duel ( duellum ) a fight between two . Dulcacid ( dulcacidus , quasi dulcis and acidus ) that which hath a mingled taste with sweet and sower . Dulcify ( from dulcis and facio ) to make sweet . Dulciloquent ( dulciloquus ) that speaketh sweetly . Dulcimer or Dulcimel ( sambuca ) so called , quasi , dulce melos , i sweet melody ) a musical Instrument ; A Sambuke . Dulcarron is a proportion in Euclid ( lib. 1. Theor. 33. Propos . 47. ) which was found out by Pythagoras after a whole years study , and much beating his brain ; in thankfulness whereof , he sacrificed an Oxe to the Gods ; which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon . Alex. Neckam , an antient writer in his book De naturis rerum , compounds this word of Dulia and caro , and will have Dulcarnon to be quasi Sacrificium carnis . Chaucer aptly applies it to Creseide ; shewing , that she was as much amazed how to answer Troilus , as Pythagoras was wearied in bringing his desire to effect . Dulcisonant ( dulcisonus ) that sounds sweetly . Dulcitude ( Lat. ) sweetness . Dulcoration ( from dulcor , oris ) a making sweet . Bac. Dulocracy ( dulocratia ) a kind of Government , when slaves have so much licence that they rule and domineer . Dulocratical , pertaining to that kind of Government . Dumal ( dumalis ) pertaining to Bryers . Dumosity ( dumositas ) that hath many , or is full of Brambles or Bryers . To Dun , is a word lately taken up by fancy , and signifies to demand earnestly , or press a man to pay for commodities taken up on trust , or other debt . Duodecennial ( duodecennis ) of twelve years . Duple ( duplex ) double , two , twice so much Duplicity ( duplicitas ) doubleness , twice so much . Duplicate ( duplico ) to double , increase or make twice as much A Duplicat is used by Crompton for a second Letters Patent , granted by the Lord Chancellor in a ca●e wherein he had formerly done the same ; and was therefore thought void . So a second Letter written and sent to the same purpose , as the former , and to the same party for fear of miscarriage of the first , or for other reason , is called a Duplicat : and when such a second letter is written , to be sent , the custom is to write the word Duplicat in the head of the Letter , to signifie that it is a second Letter . A third Letter may also after the same manner be called a Triplicate . Durable ( durabilis ) that which will last or continue long . Dura-mater ( Lat. ) the outward hard skin that enwraps the brains , as Pia-mater is the inner skin next the brains . Dures ( duritia ) is in our Common Law a Plea used in way of exception , by him that being cast into Prison at a mans suit , or otherwise by beating or threats , hardly used , seals any Bond to him during his restraint . For the Law holds this not good , but rather supposeth it to be constrained . Brook in his Abridgment joyns Dures and Manasse together , i. Duritiam and Minas , hardness and threatning . See the new book of Entries , verbo D●res , and the new Terms of Law. Durity ( duritas ) hardness , rudeness , cruelty . Duumvirate ( duumviratus ) the Office of the Duumviri at Rome , or of two in equal Authority , and may be taken for the Sheriff-ship of the City of London , or of any other place , where two are in joynt Authority . Dwas-light ( Sax. ) a false or foolish fire or light misleading the Traveller ; Jack with a Lanthorn . Sax. Dict. See Ignis fatuus . Dwindle ( Sax. Dwinan ) to consume , to waste , to vanish , to moulder away by degrees . Chaucer uses Dwined , the Participle . Dyna , a Coyn among the East-Indians valuing thirty shilling of our money . Herb. Dynarchy . See Dinarchy . Dynasty ( dynastia ) government , rule or power . Dys ( Gr. ) in composition signifies evill , difficil or impossible . Dyscracy ( dyscrasia ) when some humour or quality a bounds in the body , a distemper . Dysentery ( dysenteria ) a perillous flux with excoriation and painful wringing of the bowels , and some blood issuing : the bloody flux . Dysnomy ( dysnomia ) evil constitution or ordering of the Law. Dyspathy ( Gr. ) ill affection , passion , or vexation of mind . Dyspepsie ( Gr. ) ill concoction or digestion , rawness of the stomach . Dysopsie ( Gr. ) dimness , ill sight . E. EAldorman among the Saxons was as much as Earl among the Danes . Cam. Brit. fo . 107. Also an Elder , Senator or Statesman . And at this day we call them Aldermen that are Associates to the chief Officer of a Town . 24. H. 8. ca. 13. Eame ( Sax. ) the mothers Brother ; still retained in Lancashire . Eane ( Sax. Eanian ) to bring forth , as the Ewe doth the Lamb. Eardor-burh ( Sax. ) the Metropolis or chief City . Easement ( esamentum ) is a service that one neighbor hath of another by Charter or prescription without profit , as a way through his ground , a Sink , or such like . Kitchin. fo . 105. which in the Civil Law is called Servitus praedii . Easter . See Pasche . Easterling . See Sterling . Ebene ( ebenus ) a tree that grows in Aethiopia , bearing neither leaves nor fruit ; it is black , and has no grain like other wood , and is sharp biting in taste , being burnt it yields a pleasant smell , neither is its smoak offensive , but the green wood is so full of sap , that it will flame like a candle . It is good against many diseases of the eyes . That which grows in India is spotted with white and yellow , being of less estimation then that of Aethiopia . Bull. Ebionites ( so called from Ebion their first founder , who lived in the time of Pope Anaclet , and the Emperor Titus about the year of Christ 71. ) were certain Hereticks that denied the Divinity of our Saviour Christ , and held he was onely a man , conceived and born from man and woman , as the rest of mankind . Against which Heresie St. John wrote his Gospel ; which they impugned and rejected , as they did also the Gospels of St. Mark and St. Luke , and onely admitted that of St. Matthew . Ebriety ( ebrietas ) drunkenness . Ebriosity ( ebriositas ) continual drunkenness . Ebrious ( ebrius ) drunken , or that causeth drunkenness . Ebullate ( ebullo ) to bubble or burst out . Ebullition ( ebullitio ) a boiling , bubling , or seething , a rising up in bubbles . Ebur●ean ( eburneus ) of Ivory , or white like Ivory . Eccentrick ( eccentricus ) that hath not all one centre , or that hath no centre , or is out of the centre . Eccho or Echo ( Gr. ) a resounding , or giving again of any noyse , or voyce in a Wood , Valley , or Hollow place . Poets feign , that this Eccho was a Nymph so called , who being rejected by one whom she loved , pined away for sorrow in the Woods , where her voyce still remains , answering the outcrys of all complaints . Ecclesiastical ( ecclesiasticus ) belonging to the Church or Church-men . Eclesiastick ( Ecclesiastes ) a Preacher , a Church-man . Eclipse ( eclipsis ) a defect or failing . Commonly it signifies a want of light : and there are two such Eclipses , namely of the Moon , and of the Sun. Eclipse of the Moon never happens but at her full , nor then always , but when she is in such a point that the interposition of the earth deprives her of the Sun beams , from whence she taketh her light . Eclipse of the Sun is not so usual , and happens onely at the change of the Moon , as when the Moon , being between the Sun and us , doth , with her dark body , hide part of his light from us : Which was the cause that Dionysius Areopagita ( seeing the Sun so admirably eclipsed at our Saviours Passion , contrary to all reason , when the Moon was not in any nearness to hinder his light ) cryed out in amazement . Aut Deus naturae patitur , aut machina mundi dissolvetur . Either the God of Nature suffers , or else the frame of the world will be destroyed . Bull. Ecliptick line ( linea Ecliptica ) an imagined line running through the midst of the twelve Signs , in which the Sun always keeps his course , and is so termed , because the Eclipses happen , when the Moon is either in conjunction or opposition under this line . Min. Eclogue or Eglogue ( ecloga ) is commonly taken for a Pastoral speech , or a Poem containing a communication of Shepherds , such as Virgils Eclogues . But the word in Greek signifies properly an election or choyce gathering of things together , or an abridgement of Authors . Ecstasy ( ecstasis ) a trance , swowning or astonishment , a ravishment or transportation of the spirit , by passion , &c. Ecstatick Ecstatical ( ecstaticus ) taken with an Ecstacy or trance . Ectype ( ectypum ) a thing made according to the example and copy ; a counterfeit . Ross . Edacity ( edacitas ) unsatiable eating , greediness of stomack . Bac. Eddy , Is the running back of the water in some place , contrary to the Tide or stream , and so falling into the tyde again , which happens by reason of some head-land or point in a River , jutting out suddenly , and so hindering the full current which the water had before it came to that Point . And an Eddy wind , is that wind , which recoils from any Sail , or Halse going contrary to that wind whence it proceeds , but is never so strong as the other . Eden ( Hebr. ) delectation , or a place of pleasure and delight . The Garden of Eden stood near the River Euphrates in Syria , and abounded with all manner of pleasures and delights , and therefore Eden is used for Paradise . Edentate ( edento ) to strike out , or draw out ones teeth . Edict ( edictum ) a Commandment , Ordinance or Proclamation . Edification ( aedificatio ) a building : But most commonly it is taken for instruction , so plainly delivered , that the hearer profiteth by it . Edifice ( aedificium ) from the Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Edhen . i. aedes ) a building or frame of a building , also the art of building . Edil or Aedil ( aedilis ) an inferior Officer among the antient Romans , whose charge was to register Sanctions , oversee the Building of Temples , as also of private houses , such as our Church-wardens , or Surveyors , &c. And of these Aediles there were two sorts , Plebeii and Curules , as you may read in Godwins Anthol . ch . de Aedilibus . Edish ( Sax. Edise ) the rowen or aftermash ; still retained in some parts of England . Edisserator ( Lat. ) a shewer or declarer . Edition ( editio ) a setting forth , a publishing , an impression . As of Books , we call it a first , a second , third , fourth , &c. Edition , when a book has been so many several times imprinted . Edituate ( aedituor ) to defend the house , or rule over the Temple or house . Greg. Edmund ( Sax. ) for Eadmund , i. happy or blessed peace . Our Lawyers do yet acknowledge Mund● for peace , in their word Mundbrech , for breach of Peace . Educate ( educo ) to bring up or nourish . Edward in Sax. Coines Eadward , i. Happy keeper . The Christian humility of King Edward the Confessor brought such credit to this name , that since that time it hath been most usual in all Estates : That Ward signifies a keeper is apparent by Wood-ward , Mil-ward , &c. Cam. Effable ( effabilis ) that may be spoken , uttered or expressed . Effascinate ( effascino ) to bewitch or charm . Effemination ( effoeminatio ) a making womanish , weak or or wanton , a womanizing . Effete ( effoetus ) which hath lately brought forth ; that beareth no more , barren . Fuller . Efficacy ( efficacia ) force , strength , vertue or ability . Efficacy ( saith Peacham ) is a power of speech , which represents a thing after an excellent manner , neither by bare words onely , but by presenting to our minds the lively Idaea's or forms of things so truly as if we saw them with our eyes ; As the places in Hell , the fiery arrow of Acesta , the description of Fame , the flame about the Temples of Ascanius , &c. Efficient ( efficiens ) that brings to pass , causing or effecting . Effiction ( effictio ) an expressing or representing . Effigies ( Lat. ) an image made after the similitude of a thing ; likeness , representation . Efflagitate ( efflagito ) to desire earnestly , or require importunately . Efflated ( efflatus ) breathed or blown away , yeelded , or given up . Herb. Travels . Efflorescence ( from Effloresco ) the outward face , or superficies , the upmost rind or skin of any thing , also a deflouring . Bac. Effluence ( effluentia ) a running or flowing out , a flux . Effluent Effluous ( effluus ) that runs or flowes out . Effluvium ( Lat. ) a running out or flowing over . Often used in Vul Er. Effocate ( effoco ) to choak , or strangle . Effoeminate ( effoeminatus ) woman-like , nice , wanton . Effort ( Fr. ) endeavor , labor , travel , pains-taking , a striving for a matter with whole force and power . Effracture ( effractura ) a breaking open . Effrenation ( effrenatio ) head-long rashness , unbridled rashness , unruly headiness . Effrontery ( Fr. ) impudence , malepertness , shamelesness . Eicon Basil . Effund ( effundo ) to pour out , to consume riotously . Effusion ( effusio ) a pouring out , prodigality . Egbert , or rather Ecbert ( Sax. ) i. always bright , or famous for ever . King Egbert , who was the seventeenth King of the West Saxons , having subdued the Principal Kingdoms of the Saxon Heptarchy , stiled himself the first English Monarch , commanding South Brittain to be called England , from the English Saxons , from whose blood he was extracted , and over whom he reigned . Cam. Egean Sea ( mare Aegaeum ) part of the Mediterranean Sea near Greece , dividing Europe from Asia . A Sea dangerous & troublesom to sail through , in regard of the multitude of rocks and Islands every where dispersed ; Insomuch that a man is proverbially said to sail in the Aegean Sea , that is incumbred with difficulties , or attempts a business of much hazard . Egestion ( egestio ) a distributing abroad , a carrying or casting forth of ordure or dung , a voiding , or evacuation . Egestuosity ( egestuositas ) extream poverty . Egestuous ( egestuosus ) very poor or needy . Eglentine , Sweet-briar , or Dog-briar . Egilopical ( egilopicus ) that hath or pertaineth to the disease Aegilopa , which is a kind of Fistula or Imposthume in the corner of the eye , growing to be a Canker , eating to the nose , and is called the Lachrymale Fistula . Bid. Eglogue . vide Eclogue . Eglomerate ( eglomero ) to unwinde . Egregious ( egregius ) excellent , singular , passing good . Egresse Egression ( egressus ) a passage or going forth . Egritude ( aegritudo ) sickness , grief , discontentment . Egrimony ( aegrimonia ) idem . Egurgitate ( egurgito ) to draw out , to empty , to disgorge . Ejaculate ( ejaculo ) to shoot or cast out , to hurle forth . Ejaculatorie ( ejaculatorius ) that hath the property or power to dart , shoot , or spout forth . Ejection ( ejectio ) a throwing or casting forth . Eirenarch ( Eiranarches ) a Justice of Peace . Eirenarchy ( Irenarchia ) the Office or Government of a Constable , or a Justice of Peace . Mr. Lamberd wrote a book called Eirenarchie , or the Office of a Justice of Peace . Eigne ( Fr. Aisn , eldest ) a Law term ; as Eign right is the eldest right , where there are more Titles then one . Act. of Parl. 30. April . 1649. Ejulation ( ejulatio ) wailing or crying out with pittiful lamentation . Ejuration ( ejuratio ) a renouncing or resignation . Ela , the highest note in the Gamut . Elaborate ( elaboratus ) cunningly wrought , exactly done , laboured painfully . An Elaboratory , a Work-house . Elacerate ( elacero ) to tear or rend in pieces . Elamites , the people of Persia , so called from Elam , son of Sem , son of Noah . Elapidate ( elapido ) to rid a place of stones . Elapsion ( elapsio ) a fliding forth or away . Elaqueate ( elaqueo ) to unsnare or dis-intangle , Elate ( elatus ) carried out , advanced , proud , lofty . Elaxate ( elaxo ) to unloose or make wider . Eleack , a Sect of Philosophers instituted by Phaedo , an Elean , of a noble family . Eleanor , a womans name from Helena , i. pittiful . Electorat , An Electorship , a chusing or electing , or the right or power of election ; such as the Electors of the Empire have . Also the Office or territory of an Elector . Elective ( electivus ) pertaining to election or chusing , subject to choyce . Electriferous ( electrifer ) that yields Amber . Electrum ( Lat. ) a kind of Amber distilling out of the Poplar tree , as some report : the Poets faign it to have been the tears of the Phaetontiades ( which were turned into Poplar trees ) bewailing their brother Phaeton . See Amber . Electricity ( electrisitas ) the power to attract straws or light bodies , as Amber doth . Electrine ( electrinus ) pertaining to , or that is made of Amber . Electuary ( electuarium ) a medicine or confection to be taken inwardly , and is made two ways , either liquid , as in Forma opiat● ; or whole , as in Tables or Lozenges , or in fashion four square and long , which is called Manus Christi . Or it is a medicinable composition , made of choyce Drugs , and of substance between a Syrup and a Conserve ; but more inclinable to this , then that . Cot. Eleemosynary ( eleemosynarius ) an Almner , or one that gives almes . Eleemosynate ( eleemosyno ) to give almes . Elegancy ( elegantia ) eloquence of words , fineness , neatness . Elegy ( elegia ) a mournful song or verse , commonly used at Funerals , or upon the death of any person , and composed of unequal verses . Elegiacal ( elegiacus ) belonging to an Elegy or lamentation . Elegiographer ( elegiographus ) a writer of Elegies , or lamentable verses . Elements ( elementa ) are the most simple bodies extant in nature ; from the several participation of whose qualities all mixt bodies have their several beings , and different constitutions ; they are four in number , to wit , Fire , Air , Water and Earth . Element in the singular number stands for one of those : sometimes also it signifies a Letter , as A , B , C , sometimes the first foundation or Principle of a thing . Elementary ( elementarius ) pertaining to , or which consists of Letters , Principles or Elements . Elench ( elenchus ) an argument subtilly reproving . Elenchical , that reproves by argument . Elenct●s Elenctical ( elencticus ) which serves for reprehension . Elephantine ( elephantinus ) pertaining to an Elephant . Elevate ( elevo ) to lift or hold up , to lighten . Elevatory ( from the Lat. elevo , to lift up ) the instrument wherewith Chyrurgeons lift up the broken and sunk-in parts of the skul , and draw out Bullets or hail-shot that is entred but a little way into the flesh or bones . Elibation ( elibatio ) a tasting or offering Sacrifices . Elicitation ( elicitatio ) a drawing out or alluring . Elide ( elido ) to hit against a thing , to dash , to break , to squeeze , to strangle . Elicite ( elicitus ) drawn out or allured . Eligible ( elegibilis ) to be elected ; fit or like to be chosen . Eliminate ( elemino ) to put out or cast forth of doors , to publish abroad . Mont. Elimate ( elimo ) to cut off with a file , to polish , or purge . Elingued ( elinguis ) dumb , speechless . Felth. Ellipsis ( Gr. ) a defect ; also a certain crooked line , coming of the byas-cutting of a Cone or Cylinder . Eliquament ( eliquamentum ) fatness ▪ or juyce of fish or flesh . Elixation ( elixatio ) a seething or boiling . Elision ( from elido ) a cutting off . Elizabeth ( Hebr. ) the God of oath , or ( as some will ) Peace of God , or quiet rest of the Lord. Mantuan playing with it makes it Eliza-bella . Min. ridiculously compounds it of the Hebrew word El , i. Deus , and the Greek word Isa and Beta . Elixer or Elixir ( vox Arabica ) quentessence , or the Philosophers stone , or one of the names thereof : some take it for the Chymical powder of production : the word originally signifies force or strength . Min. Elocution ( elocutio ) a fit and proper order of words and sentences . Elocution ( saith Judge ●oddridge ) consists of three things . 1. Of the voyce , as the instrument . 2. The words , that are the subject . 3. The manner of doing , which is the form of delivery , &c. English Lawyer , fo . 25. Ellis ( Hebr. ) corruptly for Elias , i. Lord God. Elohim ( Hebr. ) Nomen divinum , à Judicio , quasi Deus Judex . In any process of Justice and Judgement , God always stiles himself Eloah or Elohim . Greg. Elogy ( elogium ) a report or testimonial of ones praise or dispraise . Elongate ( elongo ) to remove afar off , to defer or prolong . Vul. Err. Elopement ( a Law term ) is when a married woman leaves her Husband , and dwels with the Adulterer , by which , without voluntary submission , and reconcilement to him , she shall lose her Dower ; Stat. Westm . 2. c. 34. Sponte virum mulier sugiens , & adultera facta , Dote sua careat ; nisi sponso sponte retracta . Eloquence ( eloquentia ) a gift or good grace of speaking . That is properly said to be Eloquence ( according to Tully ) where there is a judicious fitting of choyce words , apt and grave sentences to mattter well disposed , the same being uttered with a comely moderation of the voyce , countenance and gesture . Cic. in Prol. Rhetor. Elucidaries ( from elucido ) expositions or declarations of things that are obscure . Elucidate ( elucido ) to make bright , to shine outward , to manifest , to expound or express . Elucubrate ( elucubro ) to watch and write by candle-light . Elutheria , Feasts dedicated to Jupiter , from whence he is called the Elutherian God. Elychnious ( from E , and lychnus ) that hath no match or light ; without a weik . Elysium or Elysian fields ( Campus Elysius ) a Paradise , into which the Heathens beleeved the Souls of the just went after their departure hence . This Elyzium is meant by Virgil , when he says , Devenêre locos laetos , & amaena vireta Fortunatorum nemorum , sedésque beatas . Emaceration ( emaceratio ) a pulling down or making lean . Emacity ( emacitas ) a desire to be always buying . Emaciate ( emacio ) to make lean , or pull down the flesh . Emaciating diseases , Consumptions , or such like . Emaculate ( emaculo ) to make clean , to take away spots . Emanation ( emanatio ) a flowing or proceeding from . Emancipate ( emancipo ) to make free , to set at liberty , to affranchize , or sell his title to another . By the Roman Law every Son was in such subjection to his Father , that before he could be released of it and made free , he should by an imaginary sale , be sold three times by his natural Father , to another man , who was called by the Lawyers Pater Fiduciarius , a Father in trust ; yea and be bought again by the natural Father , and so manumised by him , and then he became free . This imaginary sale was called Mancipatio ; the children thus alienated from the Father , were termed Emancipati ; this form of setting free was termed Emancipatio . Godwin . Emanuel . See Emmanuel . Emarginate ( emargino ) to take away the scurf about the brims of wounds and soars . Emascu●a● ( emasculo ) to geld , to take away that by which one is male . Embargo ( Span. ) a stop or arrest , properly of ships . Ember wick ( so called from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. dies ; of which there are four in the year set down in most Almanacks . They are of great antiquity in the Church , called the Quatuor tempora in the Latin Fathers ; And ( besides the first institution of them for quarterly seasons of devotion , proportioned to each part of the year , as the first fruits of every season , that the whole and each division of it might be blest by it , and again beside their answerableness to those four times of solemn fast , mentioned among the Jews , that we Christians may not be inferior to them in that duty ) an admirable use is assigned to them in the Church in imitation of the Apostles , Act. 13.3 . View of Directory , fol. 56. They are called Ember-days , or days of ashes , ( says another Author ) from the no less antient then religious custom of eating nothing on those days till night , and then onely a Cake baked under the Embers or ashes which they called panem subcineritium , or Ember-bread . Turb . Cat. But Sir Hen. Spelm. de Concil says the true word is Imber from the old Sax. Imbren . Embellish ( Fr Embellir ) to beautifie , garnish , adorn , bedeck , trim up , or set out unto the eye . To Embezel ( fortè ab Ital. Invaligiare , i. in sacco ponere ) to steal or pilfer . Min. Emblem ( emblema ) is properly any fine work cunningly set in wood or other substance , as we see in Chess-boards and Tables , notwithstanding it is commonly taken for a sweet moral symbol consisting of picture and words , by which some weighty matter is declared . See Art of making Devises , p. 7. Emblematical ( emblematicus ) pertaining to an Emblem . Emblematist , he that makes Emblems . Emblements , a Law term , signifying strictly the profits of Land which hath been sowed ; but the word is sometimes used more largely , for any profits that arise and accrew naturally from the ground , as grass , fruit , or trees , hemp , flax , &c. Mr. Shep. Embolism ( embolismus ) the adding a day or more to a year , Leap-year . Embo●ment ( Fr. embouchement ) a mouthing or putting into the mouth of ; a subornation or fore-Instruction ; a lesson given or conned before-hand . Malvezzies translater . Embos● , A term used by hunters when a Deer is so hard chased that he foams at the mouth , and hangs out the tongue ; it comes from the Span. des embocar , i. to cast out of the mouth . Embracer , A Law term , and is he that , when a matter is in trial , comes for reward to the Bar , being no Lawyer nor witness , and speaks in favour of one of the parties : or who labors the Jury , or useth any unlawful practice , to make them give their Verdict as he would have them . Embrocation ( Ital. embrocatione ) a fomenting , besprinkling or gentle bathing the head or any other part , with a liquor falling from aloft upon it , in the manner of rain . Embryon ( embryo ) a child in the mothers womb , before it has perfect shape ; and by Metaphor , any thing before it has perfection . Embryous , pertaining to an Embryon . Em●uschment ( from the Fr. embouscher ) a falling into the Sea , as a River doth . Emendal● , ( from emendo ) is an old word , yet still used in the accounts of the Inner-Temple ; where so much in Emendals at the foot of an account , signifies fo much in bank or stock for the House , q. a mending or increasing the common purse . Emendation ( emendatio ) an amending , mending , reformation or correction . Ementition ( ementitio ) a lying or forging . Emergency ( from emergo ) an issuing or coming out , a rising up out of the water . Emergent ( emergens ) issuing or running out : this word is often used when we speak of an Emergent occasion , which is , when it riseth out of somewhat done before . Emerald ( from the Span. esmeralda , Lat. Smaragdus ) a precious stone , the greenest of all other , and is therefore very comfortable to the sight . The best of this sort are brought out of Scythia , and some affirm them to be taken out of the Griffins nest . It is found by experience ( as Albertus writes ) that if the Emrald be good , it inclines the bearer to chastity , and cannot endure the action of lust . There is also a disease sounding near this word , for which see Hemorroide . Em●tique ( from the Gr. ) vomiting . Emigration ( emigratio ) a departing , a going from one place to live at another . Emication ( emicatio ) a shining or appearing aloft . Eminency ( eminentia ) excellency passing or standing above others . Also a particular title of honor given to all Cardinals , and is held to be above Excellency . Emissary ( emissarius ) a suborned accuser , a Spye , a Tale-bearer , one sent out , a Scout . Em●rsion ( from emergo ) a rising or appearing out , a coming out . Emission ( emissio ) a shooting , sending or casting forth . Emit ( emitto ) to send forth , to publish abroad , to cast out . Emmanuel ( Hebr. God with us ) one of the names under which our Saviour Christ was foretold by the Prophets , Isa . 7.14 . Matth. 1.23 . The union of two natures in one person of our Redeemer is noted in this word , Joh. 1.14 . Emollid ( emollidus ) soft , tender , nice , effeminate . Emollient ( emolliens ) a making soft , pliant or loose Emollient medicines , i. mollifying or asswaging , such are milk , hony , &c. Emo●ument ( emolumentum ) profit gotten by labor and cost Emotion ( emotio ) a stirring or moving forth . Empale . See Impale . Empanel , A Law term and signifies the writing or entring the names of a Jury into a Parchment Schedule , Roll or paper by the Sheriff , which he hath summoned to appear for the performance of such publick service as Jurors are employed in . Emparl●nce ( from the Fr. parler , to speak ) signifies in our Common Law a desire or petition in Court , of a day to pawse what is best to do , or of a day of respite . The Civilians call it Petitionem induciarum . Emphasie ( emphasis ) earnestness , or an express signification of ones intention , a strong or vigorous pronuntiation of a word , a significant force in either . Em●ical ( emphaticus ) that which is uttered with most express signification , in such sort , that it sets forth to the full the intent of the Speaker ; forcible , vigorous , earnest , or done with an Emphasie . Emphyteuticary ( Emphyteuticarius ) he that makes a thing better then it was when he received it , that raiseth his rents , or improves . Mr. Seld. Emphyte●icy ( emphyteuticus ) set out to farm , hire , or rent . Empirick ( Empiricus ) a young and unskilful Physitian , who without regard either of the cause of the disease , or the constitution of the Patient , applies those Medicines , whereof either by observation of other mens Receipts , or by his own practice , he has had experience from some other , work they how they will. Empirically ( empiricé ) done like an Empirick , unskilfully , done by practice onely , without Theory . Emplastration ( emplastratio ) a plastering , or dawbing , a graffing by inoculation ; And in Physick , the applying a salve or plaister . Empory ( emporium ) a Mart-Town , a place wherein a general Fair or Market is kept . Emporetical ( emporeticus ) pertaining to Merchants or Markets . Emprimed , A term used by Hunters when a Hart first forsakes the Herd . Emption ( emptio ) buying or purchasing . Emptional ( emptionalis ) that may be bought or purchased . Emptory . See Empory . Empyreal ( empyraeus ) fiery or burning . The Empyreal Heaven is the highest Heaven above the Firmament ; so called because of the bright shining or fiery splendor of it ; the Mansion or dwelling place of God , and his Elect. Emrods . See Hemerrhoide . Emucid ( emucidus ) very filthy , mouldy or unclean . Emulate ( aemulo ) to strive to exceed , also to envy or disdain . Emulgent ( emulgens , from emulgeo ) milking or stroaking . The Emulgent vein is one of the two main branches of the hollow vein , which goes to the reins , and there is divided into divers others ; some call it the Pumping vein . Emulsion ( emulsio ) any kind of seed , &c. brayed in water , and then strained to the consistence of an Almond milk ; also any kind of Cream , or milky humor . Emunctories ( emunctoria ) certain kernelly places in the body , by which principal parts void their superfluities ; as under the Arm-pits for the Heart , under the Ears for the Brain , and the Groin for the Liver . Also a pair of Snuffers . Enargy ( enargia ) evidence , clearness , or a plain representing of a thing . Encaustick ( encausticus ) enameled , wrought with fire , varnished . Encheson ( A. 50. E. 3. c. 3. ) is a Law French word , signifying as much as occasion , cause , or reason , wherfore any thing is done . See Skene de verb. sign . Enchiridion ( Gr. ) a small Manual Book that one may clasp or carry in ones hand , a handful of a thing . Enclitick Enclitical ( encliticus ) that inclines or gives back . Enclitical Conjunctions in Grammer are so called , because they incline or cast back the accent to the syllable going before , of which sort are these three , què , nè , vè , which are joyned to the end of other words . As in this verse of Horace , Indoctúsque pilae , discíve , trohíve , quiescit , Encomium ( Lat ) a praise or song in commendation of any person . Encomiastick ( encomiasticus ) belonging to , or one that writes , an Encomium ; praising , commending , extolling . Encrochment , a Law term , as when two mens grounds lying together , the one presseth too far upon the other , or when a Landlord takes more rent or services of his Tenant then of right is due ; they are called Encroachments , &c. Encyclical ( from encyclides ) pertaining to that learning , which comprehnds all Liberal Sciences ; round . Dr. Ham. Encyclopedy ( encyclopaedia ) that learning which comprehends all Liberal Sciences ; an Art that comprehends all others , the perfection of all knowledge . Enditement ( indictamentum ) comes of the French word Inditer , i. to accuse , or appeach , and is a Bill or Declaration made in form of Law ( for the benefit of the Common-wealth ) of an accusation for some offence , either criminal or penal , exhibited to Jurors , and by their verdict sound and presented to be true , before an Officer having power to punish the same offence . Endorsed , a term in Heraldry , when two beasts are painted with their backs turned to each other . Also we call that endorsing , when we write the title on the outside of a Letter . Endrome ( endromis ) a course long-wool'd mantle , which Wrastlers and Runners flung upon them when they were anointing , and after they had exercised . Energy ( energia ) efficacy , effectual operation or strength . Energetical , very forcible , or effectual . Enervate ( enervo ) to weaken , to cut off sinews ; to enfeeble . Enervity ( enervitas ) weakness , feebleness . Enfranchise ( from the Fr. Enfranchir ) to make free , to incorporate a man into any Society or Body Politick , to make one a free Denizen . Engastrimuches ( engastrimuchi ) w● those , that being possessed , seemed to speak out of theit belly . England ( Sax. Engla-land ) was so first named ( after the common opinion ) by Egbert the first sole and absolute Monarch of the English men . Engonas● or Engonnas● , ( the name of one of the Constellations ) commonly taken for Hercules , who in the Globe is figured with his right knee bent , in the manner of kneeling , and with his left foot treading part of the head of the Dragon . Min. Engyscope ( from the Gr. ) an instrument for discerning the proportion of small things . Enharmoniack ( enharmonion ) one of the three general sorts of Musick ; song of of many parts , or a curious concent of sundry Tunes . Enigma ( Aenigma ) a Riddle , a dark speech , or intricate sentence . Enigmatical ( aenigmaticus ) obscure , hard to understand , full of Riddles . Enigmatist ( aenigmatistes ) he that makes or propounds Riddles or hard questions . Ennead ( enneas , adis ) nine , the number of nine . Ennealogue ( Gr. ) a speaking or treating of nine points ; an Oration or Treatise divided into nine parts or Chapters . Enoch or Enos pillars . The story runs shortly thus ; Enos ( the son of Seth the son of Adam ) who is held to be the first Author of Astrology , having heard his Grandfather Adam say , all things should be destroyed by the universal Flood , was desirous that Science should not perish , before it came to the knowledge of men , did therefore erect two Pillars , one of stone , the other of brick , to the intent , if the brick wasted with water or storms , yet the stone should preserve the Letters whole and perfect ; and in these Pillars were graved all that concerns the observations of the stars , &c. one of which Josephus affirms remained even in his time . See Astronomy . Enodate ( enodo ) to unknit , to cut away the knot ; to declare or make manifest , to untie . Enormit● ( enormitas ) want of measure or rule , unevenness , hugeness . Ensiferous ( ensifer ) that bears or carries a Sword. Enquest ( Inquisitio ) is in our Common Law especially taken for that Inquisition or Enquest of Jurors or by Jury , which is the most usual tryal of all causes , both criminal and civil in our Land. Entaile ( feudum talliatum ) comes of the Fr entaillé And in our Common Law is a Substantive abstract , signifying Fee tayl , or Fee entailed . See Fee and Tail. Entelechie ( entelechia ) a soul or form that hath power or motion within herself . Entendment ( Fr. ) wit , or understanding . It signifies in our Common Law so much as the true meaning or signification of a word or sentence . Of which see Kitch . fo . 224. To Enterfeir ( from the Lat. inter and ferire ) to rub or dash one heel against the other , to exchange some blows . Enthalamize ( from Thalamus ) to bring the Bride-groom and Bride to their Bed-chamber . Enthean or Entheater ( entheatus ) inspired with God. Enthusiasts or Enthusiasi●s , a Sect of people that thought themselves inspired with a Divine Spirit , and to have a clear sight of all things they believed , &c. Spondanus says , they sprung from the Anabaptistical Sect of Nicholas Stork of Silesia in the year 1522. Enthusiasm or Enthysiasm ( enthysiasmus ) an inspiration , a ravishment of the ●pirit , divine motion , Poetical fury . Enthys●asmica● , pertaining to an inspiration . Enthymeme ( enthymema ) is a term of Logick , and signifies an imperfect Syllogism , which wants either the major or minor Proposition ; As for example . Every sin deserveth correction . Every theft is a sin . Therefore every theft deserves correction . Now if we leave out the first part ( called the major ) and say thus , Every theft is a sin : Therefore every theft deserves correction Or omit the second part ( called the minor ) and say , Every sin deserves correction : therefore every theft deserves correction ; then it is called an Enthymeme , to wit , a keeping in the mind ( for so the word properly signifies ) because one of these parts is concealed in the mind , and not uttered ; and in that regard it is called truncatus Syllogismus , a lame or maimed Syllogism . Enthymematical , pertaining to an Enthymeme . Entitatively ( entitativè ) a term in Philosophy ; and is when a thing is taken according to its essence , form or being . Entitie ( entitas ) a being or subsistence . Enucleate ( enucleo ) to take out the kernel , to declare or explicate a difficulty , to interpret or expound . To Envelope ( Sp. Envelopér ) to wrap , unfold , involve or inclose ; also to poster or incumber . Enumerate ( enumero ) to reckon up , to declare , to number . Enunciative ( enunciatum , Subst . ) any thing pronounced or spoken , a proposition or speech , which simply affirms or denies any thing , as to say , Peter is a Scholar , Peter is no Scholar . To Enunciate ( enuncio ) to pronounce , utter , or reveal . Enure . See Inure . Eolian , pertaining to Aeolus , the god of the winds ; also inconstant as the wind . : Epact ( epacta ) the day put to or added to make the Leap year ; or it is a number of eleven days , in which the common Solar year exceeds the common Lunar year , the one consisting of 365 days , the other of 354 days , and therefore they add the excess unto the Lunar year to coequal them ; For Epacta comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies intercalare or addere ; by the addition of which excess in every four years , there is gotten a number more then 30 , which is greater then the Epact can be , because from Change to Change there can be but Thirty days ; therefore Thirty must be taken from that excess , and the remainder is the Epact for the next year ; As 1659. the Epact is Seventeen , whereto add Eleven , which makes Twenty eight , that is the Epact for the next year . To get the Epact for ever do thus ; Multiply the Prime by Eleven , parting the Product by Thirty ; and the Remainder is the Epact : Or see the age of the Moon , the Eleven Kalends of April , for that is the number of the Epact . Hop . Concord . Epatride , were Noble men among the Athenians , and held the like dignity with them as the Patricii did at Rome . Eparch ( Eparchus ) the President of a Province , or the chief of all the Provincial Presidents . Epheby ( ephebus ) a Stripling of fourteen years of age and upwards . An Ephemeran or Ephemerides ( ephemeris , idis ) a book wherein daily Acts are registred , a Journal or Diary : commonly it is taken for a book of Astronomy ( in use among such as erect figures to cast mens Nativities ) by which is shewn how all the Planets are placed , every day and hour of the year . Ephemeridian , belonging to such a Register or Day-book . Ephemerist , One that registreth daily actions , or one that casteth Nativities , with the help of an Ephemerides ; a maker of an Ephemerides . Ephesian Temple , i. The Temple of Diana at Ephesus . See Diana . Ephesian Moan , may be taken for a sad and continual lamentation , and is deduced from Heraclitus , a Philosopher of Ephesus , who always wept at the miseries of the world , and mortal men . The phrase is used by Du Bartas . Ephi or Epha , an Hebrew measure , containing nine Gallons of ours . Ephialtes ( Gr. ) the night Mare ; it is a kinde of disease commonly called the Elfe , or Night-Mare , with which whoever is affected , he supposes himself to be invaded by some spirit , which leaning hard upon him , stops the passage of breath . Min. See Incubus Ephippiated ( ephippiatus ) sadled , or that hath a saddle on his back . Ephod ( Hebr. ) a Priestly Garment , used antiently to be worn by the Priests among the Jewes , whereof there were two kinds . The first was made of gold and twisted silk , of purple , scarlet , and violet colour , and fine linnen with broidered work , and this onely belonged to the High Priest , and was onely used by him , when he executed his function : it covered the back , and the breast ; and on the shoulders there were set two great precious Onyx stones , and in them graven the names of the twelve Sons of Jacob , called the twelve Patriarchs ; in the right shoulder the six eldest , and in the left the six youngest ; that the High Priest going into the Sanctum Sanctorum , to officiate , might among other things be put in mind he was to pray to God for the posterity of those twelve Patriarchs . The other was of white linnen , used by the inferior Priests , Levites , and also by Laicks . Moses and Aaron , p. 14. Epicedium ( Lat. ) a Funeral Song , or verses in praise of the dead , which were wont to be sung before the Corps were buried . Epicene ( epicaenus ) common of both Sexes or kinds . The Epicene Gender , is that which concludes both Sexes under one Article , as Aquila being declinable onely with the feminine Article , signifies both the male and female of Eagles . Epichrists ( epichrista ) ointments . Epicurean or Epicure ( one that gives himself wholly to pleasure , especially to gluttony ; Heretofore it signified one that followed the Sect of the Philosopher Epicurus , who taught , that the greatest happiness was to be without pain , and to enjoy pleasure of body , and mind , and that death was nothing , nor any thing after death . Epicurean ( epicureus ) voluptuous , given to nothing but pleasure and gluttony . Epicurism ( epicurismus ) the manner or custom of an Epicure , a living wholly according to sense and pleasure , in eating , drinking , &c. Epicycle ( epicyclus ) a term in Astronomy , signifying a lesser circle , whose center or middle part is in the circumference of a greater . In the upper part of this Epicycle , the five Planets , Saturn , Jupiter , Mars , Venus , and Mercury go forward according to the course of the Signs , as Aries to Taurus , &c. in the lower part they are retrogade , that is , go backward , as from Gemini to Taurus , from Taurus to Aries again . Between these two Motions are said to be two Stations . viz. when a Planet ceaseth going forward , and begins to retrograde , or coming to the furthest point of his retrogradation , goes forward again . So that in the Epicycle these Planets wheel about sometimes according , sometimes contrary to the order of the Signs . Bull. Epick or Epique ( epicus ) a sort of Poesie which is made in Heroical and lofty Verses , most commonly Hexameters . See Poesie . Epidemy ( epidemia ) an universal sickness , and general infection , a most catching or contagious disease . Epidemical ( epidemicus ) publick , universal ; infectious , contagious . Epigamy ( epigamia ) affinity by marriage with other Nations . Epigastrick ( epigastricus ) pertaining to the outward part of the belly , from the bulk to the privities . Epigram ( epigramma ) signif●es properly , a superscription or writing set upon any thing ; now it is commonly taken for a short witty Poem , which under a feigned name does covertly praise or tax some particular person or thing . Epigrammatist ( epigrammatista ) a maker of Epigrams . Epigrammatographer ( epigrammatographus ) a writer of Epigr●ms . Epigraph ( epigraphe ) an inscription or title . Epilepsie ( epilepsia ) the Falling-sickness , whereto most commonly children and young folks are most subject . This disease is caused by some humor or vapour ; suddenly stopping the passage of spirits in the brain , which the brain striving to expel , causeth ●he Patient to fall down , and commonly foam at the mouth . Bull. Epileptick ( epilepticus ) that hath the Falling-sickness . Epilogism ( Gr. ) a computation , or a numbering by way of repetition . Greg. Epilogue ( epilogus ) the conclusion or knitting up of a matter ; a Speech made after an Interlude or Play ended . Epil●gize ( epilogizo ) to conclude or deliver an Epilogue . Epiod ( epiodium ) a song sung before the Corps were buried . Epiphany ( epiphania ) an appearing of light , or a manifestation . The feast of Twelfth day after Christmas , is so called , in memory and honor of Christs manifestation or apparition made to the Gentiles by a miraculous blazing Star , by vertue whereof he drew and conducted the three Magi or Sages , commonly called the three Kings , who upon sight of that star came out of the East into the Country of Palestine or Jewry , to adore him in the Manger , where they presented him , as on this day with Mirh , Gold , and Frankinsence , in testimony of his Regality , Humanity and Divinity . The Vigil of this Feast was of old called Vigilia Luminum ; And the Antients were wont to send lights one to another . Greg. Arthur the Brittish King is said to have begun the custom of solemnizing the Twelve days in Christmass with such Feasts and Sports as yet are , or lately were used , by the Lords of mis-rule , in some Gentlemens houses . Heyl. See Balthazar . Episcopal ( episcopalis ) of or like a Bishop , Episcopate ( episcopo ) to play the Bishop , to oversee diligently . Epistyle ( epistylium ) an architrave ; also a little Pillar set upon a greater . Epistolary ( epistolaris ) serving for Letters or Epistles . Epitaph ( epitaphium ) an Inscription or writing , set upon a Tomb , most commonly in lamentation or praise of the party there buried : The invention whereof is referred to the Scholars of Linus , who first bewailed their Master , when he was slain , in doleful verses , then called of him Aelina , afterwards Epitaphia , for that they were first sung at burials , after engraved upon the Sepulchers . According to Plato's Laws an Epitaph should be comprised in four Verses . The Lacedemonians reserved this honor only to Martial men , and chaste women . Cam. Epitasis ( Gr. ) the second and busiest part of a Comedy , which signifies the intention or exaggeration of matters . See Catastasis . Epithalamy ( epithalamium ) a Bridal Song , or Poem , or a Song at a Wedding , in commendation of the parties married ; Such was that of Solomon , Psal . 45. wherein the praise of the Church and her spiritual Marriage and Union with Christ is set down . Such also is that of Stella in Statius , and of Julia in Catullus , &c. It is so called from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. apud , and Thalamus , a Bed-Chamber , but more properly a Bride-Chamber , because this Song was used to be sung at the door of the Bride-Chamber , when the Bride bedded . There are two kinds of Epithalamies , the one used to be sung at night , when the married couple entred Bed ; the other in the morning , to raise them up . Min. Epithalamize , to make or sing an Epithalamy or Bridal song . Epitheme ( epithema ) a kind of liquid medicine applied to an outward part of the body , by a piece of thin linnen , or cotten dipped in it ; thereby to supple the place , or cool and comfort the inward ( Heart , Stomack , or Liver ) that 's under it . Epithemetical , belonging to such a kind of medicine . Epithet ( epitheton ) a word added to a Noun Substantive to express some quality of it . As to say , a Noble person , Vnbridled lust , &c. here Noble and Vnbridled are the Epithets expressing the quality of a Person and Lust . Epitoge ( epitogium ) a Cassock , or long Garment worn loose over other Apparel , the habit of a Graduat in the University . Epitomator ( Lat. ) he that abridgeth , or abbreviates any matter in writing ; an Epitomist . Epitomy ( epitome ) an abridgement , abbreviation , or short gathering of any matter in writing . My Lord Bacon says , Epitomes are the corruptions and moaths of Histories . Epitomize ( epitomizo ) to abbreviate or make an abridgement . Epoch ( epocha ) a term of time , or as it were a certain retention or cohibition of it in a Chronological History , taken from the beginning of some Empire , Kingdom , or notable event , The Jews had several Epochs peculiar to themselves alone , and one in common with their Neighbors ; those which they had among themselves were , First , From the Creation of the World , or the beginning of time . 2. From the universal Deluge , which happened An. Mun. 1656. 3. From the confusion of Tongues , A.M. 1786. 4. From Abrahams Journy out of Chaldaea into Canaan , A.M. 2021. 5. From their deliverance out of Egypt , A.M. 2453. 6. From the first year of Jubilee , A.M. 2499. 7. From the building of Solomons Temple , A.M. 2932. And lastly , from the Captivity of Babylon , An. M. 3357. That which they had common with other Nations , was the Epoch of the Victory of the Greeks , which took beginning from the first Victory which Seleucus had against Antigonus in An. Mun ▪ 3637. an account much used by the Jews , Chaldeans , Syrians , and other Nations of the East . But the Chaldeans also had their own Epoch , or Account apart , reckoning their time from the first year of Nabonasser ( Salmanassar he is called in Scripture ) which being 438 years before this of Seleucus , must fall in An. Mun. 3201. Next for the Grecians , they reckoned a long while by Olympiads , the first of which is placed in the year of the World 3174. But this account perished under the Constantinopolitans ; they reckoned after by Indictions ( an account devised by Justinian ) every Indiction containing fifteen years , the first beginning An. Christ . 513. Which among Chronologers is still used . The Romans reckoning first from the foundation of their City , which was An. Mund. 3213. And afterwards from the Sixteenth year of Augustus his Empire ( being that which is properly called the Roman Aera ) An. Mund. 3936. An Account used by the Spaniards ( where it first began ) till the reign of Pedro the Fourth of Aragon , who abrogated it in his Dominions , An. Christ . 1350. followed therein by John the first of Castile , An. Christ . 1383. and at last by the King of Portugal also 1415. The Christians generally reckon from the birth of Christ , but this they did not use till the year 600. following in the mean time the account of the Empire . And finally , The Mahometans begin their Hegira ( for so they call the time of their computation ) from the flight of their Prophet Mahomet from Mecha , when he was driven thence by the Philarchoe ; which hapned 16 July , An. 617. ( or as some will have it ) 622. As the word Epoch is used by the Grecians , so in the same sense is Aera by the Latins ; it is called Epoche , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , à sistendo , quod illinc sistantur & terminentur mensurae temporum . And A. cr . A. q. Annus erat Augusti . Scalig. lib. 5. Greg. Epod ( epodus ) a kind of Lyrick Verse wherein the first is always longer then the second . As those of Horace . Beatus ille qui procul negotiis , Vt prisca gens mortalium , &c. Epostracism ( epostracismus ) a kind of sport or play with an Oister-shell or flat stone thrown into the water , and making a circle one or more ere it sinks ; it is called a Duck and a Drake , and a white penny Cake . Epulary ( epularis ) belonging to Feasts or Banquets . Epulosity ( epulositas ) great banquetting . Epulous ( epulosus ) liberal in Feasts , full of banquetting Equator ( Aequator ) is a great Circle going round the terrestrial Globe from East to West . It passeth through Habassia , Sumatra , and Guiana . The use of it is to shew the latitude of any Town , Promontory , &c. And is so called , either because it is equally distant from the Poles , or because when the Sun is in it , the day and night are equal . Heyl. and Min. Equanimity ( aquanimitas ) uprightness of heart or mind , quietness , patience , indifferency . Equation ( aequatio ) making equal , even or plain . Eques auratus , a Knight , so called in Latin , because it was lawful for Knights onely to beautifie their Armor and Caparisons for their horses with gold . Fern. 102. Equestrian ( equestris ) pertaining to a Horse-man , Knight or Gentleman , or to an Horse . Sir H.W. Equiangle , where the Angles are equal . Equicrural , even-legged , that hath his legs even or alike . Equidial ( aequidialis ) when the days and nights are both of a length . Equidistants . See Parallels . Equiformity , evenness or likeness in form or fashion . Equilateral ( aequilatus ) that hath even sides , or that hath both sides of an equal bigness . Equilibrity ( aequilibritas ) equality of weight . Equinoctial ( aequinoctium ) is an imagined line pas●ng just in the midst between the two Poles of Heaven , to which line the Sun coming twice a year ( namely , about the eleventh of March , and the eleventh of September ) makes the days and nights of equal length in all the world ( unless with such as inhabit just under the Poles ; ) for which cause it is called Aequinoctial : The Signs , Aries and Libra both begin at this time . Equipage ( Fr , ) a dighting or setting forth of man , horse , or ship-furniture ; good Armor , fit attire , sufficient array . Equiparate ( aequiparo ) to make equal , to be like , to make comparison . Equiparable ( aequiparabilis ) fit to be compared or equalled unto . Equipensate ( aequipenso ) to esteem alike . Equipollent ( aequipollens ) valuing equally , or being of like force or worth . Equiponderous , of equal weight . Equipped ( Fr. ) accoutred , furnished , set forth . Equivalent ( aequivalens ) of equal might , value or worth . Equivocal ( aequivocus ) that hath a double or doubtful signification . An Equivocal word is that which contains more significations then one , or that which serves for several notions . As the word Arms , in our vulgar use , equally signifies those parts of our body so called , or weapons or tokens of honor , and with an aspiration ( which is an Elench or deceit in the Accent ) harmes . See Per. Instit . p. 18. Equivocation ( aequivocatio ) a double , divers and doubtful signification of a word or speech . Equorean ( aequoreus ) pertaining to the Sea. Eradicate ( eradico ) to pull up by the roots , to destroy utterly . Erarians ( Aerarii ) were those , who being Citizens of Rome , were by the Censors deprived of giving their voyces in their Century or Tribe ; paid all Tribute with Citizens , according to the valuation of their goods , and served in the Wars at their own charges ; and it seems they took that name either because aera pendebant , or aera non merebant . Livie . Erased , A term of Heraldry , when any member of a beast seems torn from the body . Erasmus ( Gr. ) amiable or to be beloved ; a mans name . Erastianism , the Tenets or Opinions of the Erastians . Erastians , A sort of modern Hereticks , so called from one Thomas Erastus a Doctor in Physick , their first Author , born at Baden in Switzerland , and died at Basil about the year 1583. Among other Tenets , he held that the power of Excommunication in a Christian State , principally resides in secular power , &c. Erato , One of the nine Muses , who ( as Ovid saith ) Nomen amoris habet . Erean ( aereus ) made of brass or copper , brasen . Erebus , Hell , or a River in hell . Eremetical ( eremiticus ) pertaining to an Hermite , or one that dwells in the wildernss . Ereption ( ereptio ) a violent taking away . Eretriack , a Sect of Philophers , the same with the Eleack , but changed into this name from Menedemus , who was born at the City Eretria , an eminent Philospher of this Sect. Ergotism , Arguing , quarrelling , sophistry , quiddities ; from the Lat. Ergo. a word much used in Syllogisms and Arguments . Eriferous ( aerifer ) bringing forth , or bearing Brass or Copper . Erimanthian , Belonging to Erimanthus a Mountain in Arcadia , where Hercules slew a huge wild-Bore , that wasted the Country ; hence this Beast is called the Erymanthian Monster , in Il. Pastor Fido. Ermines ( Fr. ) a little beast less then a Squirrel , the fur whereof is very costly , worn onely by Princes or great persons . It hath a tail of a thumb long . Ermine in Heraldry sometimes signifies white powdered with black , and sometimes black powdered with white . Bull. Eristical ( from eris , idis ) contentious , full of strife . Mr. White Apol. for Tradition . Eristicks ( from eris ) Books or Treatises of Controversie or Disputes . Erivate ( erivo ) to draw water away by a stream , to dry up . Erogation ( erogatio ) a bestowing or liberal distribution . Erosion ( erosio ) a consuming or eating up , a gnawing or eating into . Erumnate ( aerumno ) to impoverish , to make miserable or wretched . Erratique ( erraticus ) that wanders or creeps up and down . Errant ( errans ) wandring , or straying out of the way ; it is also attributed to Justices of Circuit . Pl Cor. fol. 15. Errata ( Lat. ) errors or faults committed of ignorance ; they are most commonly taken for those faults or omissions , which escape correction in printing . See Theta . Errh●ne ( errhinum ) a medicine , which being made either liquid or in dry powder , is used to stop bleeding at the nose , to provoke sneezing , to cause child-birth , and to purge the brain . Bac. Erroneous ( erroneus ) full of errors or mistakes . Erubescency ( erubescentia ) blushing for shame . Eructate ( eructo ) to belch or break wind upward , to send or cast out . Eructation ( eructatio ) a belching . Erudition ( eruditio ) learning , knowledge or instruction . Erugate ( erugo ) to take away wrinckles . Eruginous ( aeruginosus ) full of rust , cankered , corrupted , blasted ▪ Eruncate ( erunco ) to weed out , to pull out weeds . Eruption ( eruptio ) a violent issuing or breaking forth . Erysipely ( erysipelas ) a bile or swelling , full of heat and redness : Also St. Anthonies sore . Erysipelatous ( erysipelatosus ) troubled with that disease or grief . Er●t●an Sea , ( the Red-Sea , otherwise called the Arabian Gulf or Gulf of Mecha ) so called from King Erythraeus ; It is called the Red Sea , not from any material redness therein , but from the redness of the earth and sands , and from the great abundance of Coral , which grows plentifully in the bottom of this Sea. See more in Vul. Er. 320. Esay ( Heb ) reward of the Lord. Escal ( escalis ) pertaining to meat , fit to be eaten . Escambio is a Licence granted to one for the making over a Bill of Exchange to a man beyond Sea. Register Original . fol. 199. a. Escheat ( from the Fr. Escheoir , i. cadere ) signifies in our Common Law any Lands or other profits that fall to a Lord within his Manor by way of forfeiture , or the death of his Tenant , dying without heir general or special , or leaving his heir within age unmarried , Magna Charta . Cap. 31. Fitz. nat . br . fol. 143. Escheator , An Officer that observes the Escheats of the King in the County where he is Escheator , and certifies them into the Exchequer . He continues in his Office but one year , nor can he be Escheator above once in three years . An. 1. H. 8. Cap. 8. & An. 3. esusdem Cap. 2. See more of this in Cromptons Justice of Peace . Escotcheon ( Fr. Escusson ) a Buckler or Shield , whereof in Europe we have onely two kinds in use ( the Lozenge excepted ) viz. that we use in England , France , Germany , &c. & the Oval they bear in Italy , which form they yet ( from the old Romans ) hold in use . The word Escutcheon , is derived from the French un Escù , that from the Latin Scutum , and that again from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , which signifies Leather , because the Antients had their Shields of tanned Leather , the skins laid thick one over another , as appears by that of Vlysses upbraiding Ajax , Quae nisi fecissem , frustrà Telamone creatus Gestasset laevâ taurorum tergora septem . Escuage ( from the Fr. Escu , i. clypeus , a Buckler or Shield ) in our Common Law signifies a kinde of Knights service , called service of the Shield ; the Tenant holding thereby , is bound to follow his Lord into the Scottish or Welch wars at his own charge , &c. Fitz. nat . br . fo . 84. C. Esculent ( esculentus ) that may be eaten , or pertaining to eating . Escutial ( Span. but some affirm it to be an Arabick word , and to signifie Domus lucis ) is the name of that incomparable Edifice built by Philip the Second King of Spain in twenty four years times , and at eight millions charge , and is termed the eighth wonder of the world . It contains , first the King of Spains Palace . Secondly , St. Lawrence Church . Thirdly , the Monastery of Hieronymites . And fourthly , Free-Schools ; it hath eleven or twelve several Quadrangles , every one with Cloisters . Quade . By extension of the word , or by metaphor it may be taken for any other magnificent Palace or Structure . Esnecy ( aesnecia ) is a Prerogative given to the eldest Coparcener to chuse first , after the Inheritance is divided . Flet. l. 5. cap. 10. in divisionem . Esons-bath , Aeson in his old age ( as Poets feign ) had youth and vigor restored to him by the Prayers of Medea a notable Sorceress , &c. See Medea . Hence we may imagine Aesons-bath to have had the vertue of restoring youth to aged persons ; the phrase is used in Rel. Medici . Esopical ( aesopicus ) fabulous or pertaining to such tales or fables , as those of Aesop . Esples ( expletia , from the Lat. expleo ) seem to be the full profit that the ground or land yields , as the hay of the Meadows , the feed of the pasture , the corn of the arable , the Rents , Services , and such like issues . Cow. Esquier ( armiger ) is in letters little altered from the Fr. Escuier , i. scutiger ) it signifies with us that degree of Gentry , which is next to a Knight . Sir Tho. Smith is of opinion , that at the first these were bearers of Arms to Lords and Knights , and by that had their name and dignity . See Cam. Brit. fol. 111. In our old Saxon , an Esquire was called Scyldknapa , or ( according to our modern Orthography ) Shieldknave , i. he that in war did bear the Shield of Arms of his Chief or Superior . Verst . Esqulinus , one of the seven Hills in Rome . As 1. Aesquilinus . 2. Quirinalis . 3. Viminalis . 4. Coelius . 5. Tarpeius . 6. Palatinus . 7. Aventinus ; which may be better be remembred by this contracted verse , Aesqui . Quiri-Vimin . Coel. Tar. Palatinus , Aventin . Esquiry ( Fr. Eicuyrie ) the Stable of a Prince , a Querry ship ; also the dignity or estate of an Esquire . Spotswood . Essay ( Fr. ) a proof , a trial , a flourish or preamble ; Among Comoedians the trial or proof of their action , which they make before they come forth publickly upon the Stage , is their Essay . Essence ( essentia ) the being or natural substance of any thing . Essenes or Esseans ( aesseni vel aessei , so called from the Syriack 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Asa , signifying to heal or cure diseases ) were certain Sectaries or Philosophers , among the Hebrews of two sorts , the one Practicks the other Theoricks , both agreed in their Aphorisms , but in certain circumstances they differed . They referred every thing to Destiny , deemed the Soul to be mortal , would have men fight till death in defence of Justice , sacrificed not with the rest of the people , nor scarce conversed with them ; were much given to tillage and husbandry , highly prizing purity of life and sanctity of conversation , they lived in common , never married , kept no servants , saying , Servants were wicked , and a Wife cause of discord . Their life was Monastick , and themselves given much to contemplation of the nature of Herbs , Plants , Stones , and Beasts : In diet , meat and drink , moderated by sufficiency , much addicted to Moral Philosophy , not caring for wealth , or hoarding up treasure . Josephus , and Moses and Aaron , p. 50. Essedary ( essedarius ) a kind of Warrior that was wont to ride in a Waggon or Chariot , but fought on foot , formerly in use with the antient Gauls ; also a Waggoner or Chariot-man . Essed ( essedum ) a Wain , Chariot or Waggon . In antient time it was a Chariot for fight , of a peculiar form . Essential ( essentialis ) belonging to the essence or being of any thing . Essentifical , that makes or causeth the essence or being . Essoine , comes of the Fr. essoyné or exoiné , i. causarius miles , he that hath his presence forborn or excused upon any just cause , as sickness or other incumbrance . It signifies in our Common Law an alleadgement of an Excuse for him that is summoned or sought for to appear or answer to an Action real , or to perform suit to a Court Baron , upon just cause of absence , &c. See more in Cowel . Estandard . See Standard . Estiferous ( aestifer ) that brings or endures heat . Estival ( aestivalis ) pertaining to Summer , or to the longest day in the year . Estivate ( aestivo ) to summer in a place , to dwell or retire to a place for the Summer season . Estovers ( from the French estovér , i. to foster ) signifies in our Common Law nourishment or maintenance . For example , Bracton l. 3. tract . 2. cap. 18. num . 2. useth it for that sustenance which a man , taken for Felony , is to have out of his lands or goods , for himself and his family , during his imprisonment : and the Stat. An. 6. E. 1. cap. 3. useth it for an allowance in meat or cloth . It is also used for certain allowances of wood , to be taken out of another mans wood . Mr. West part . 2. Symbol . tit . Fines sect 26. saith , that the name of Estovers contains house-boot , hey-boot and plow-boot , as if he gave in his grant these general words , de rati●nabili estoveria in boscis , &c. he may thereby claim these three . Cow. Estreat ( from the Lat. Extractum , or from the Fr. Extraict ) is used in our Common Law for the Copy or true note of an original writing . For example , of amerciaments or penalties set down in the Rolls of a Court , to be levied by the Bailiff or other Officer , of every man for his offence . See Fitz. nat . br fol. 75. H. 1. K. and 76. a. And so it is used Westm . 2. c. 8. & 13. Ed. 1. Estrepement or Estripament ( of the Fr. Estropier , i. to maim or lame ) signifies in our Common Law , spoil , or waste made by a Tenant for life upon any Lands or Woods to the prejudice or him in the reversion , as namely in the Stat. An. 6. Ed. 1. cap. 13. And sometimes it is taken for a Writ in the nature of a prohition to forbid the committing Waste . Nat. br . 60 , 61. Estuate ( aestuo ) to burn or parch with heat , to rage , as the Sea doth . Esurini ( esurialis ) pertaining to those days , whereon men forbear meat , fasting , hungry . Esurion ( esurio ) an hungry fellow . Eternize ( aeterno ) to make immortal or eternal . Etesia● ( etesius ) belonging to the East winds , easterly . Etherial ( aethereus ) pertaining to the sky or firmament , celestial . Ethick ( ethicus ) moral , belonging to manners . Ethicks , Books treating of moral Philosophy and manners . Also moral Philosophers themselves are called Ethicks . As Logick intreats of the Understanding and Reason ; so Ethick of the Will , Appetite and affections . Bac. Ethiopians or Moors , the people of Aethiopia ; the particulars of their opinions , wherewith they have infected the true purity , I find thus registred . 1. They use to Circumcise both males and females . 2. They baptize males forty , females eighty days after their circumcision . 3. After the receipt of the Sacrament , they are not to spit till Sun-set . 4. They profess but one Nature and one Will in Christ . 5. They accept only the three first general Councils . 6. Their Priests live only by the labour of their hands ; for they allow them nothing , and permit them not to beg . 7. They rebaptise themselves every Epiphany day in Lakes and Ponds , because that day they suppose Christ to have been bap●ised by John in Jordan . Heyl. Ethnarchy ( ethnarchia ) principality or rule . Ethnick ( ethnicus ) heathenish , ungodly , irreligious : And may be used substantively for a Heathen or Gentile . Ethology ( ethologia ) the feat of counterfeiting mens manners : An interlude of a moral subject , or wherein mens manners are acted and expressed . Etiology ( aetiologia ) a rendring of a cause , a shewing of reason . E●na ( Aetna ) a hill in the Island of Sicily , which continually sends forth flames of fire , occasioned by the abundance of sulphur and brimston therein contained , which is blown by the wind driving in at the chaps of the earth , as by a pair of bellows , &c. of this hill there are many Poetical fictions which I omit : it ●s now called Montgibal . Etymology ( etymologia ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , verus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sermo ) the true original or derivation of a word ; as lepus quasi levipes . Etymologia est resolutio vocis in verum & proprium effectum , & verbi veritatem notificat , & ob id , eam Cicero veriloquium appellat . Clau. Cantiuncula de loc . legal . Etymological ( etymologicus ) pertaining to Etymology . Etymologize ( etymologizo ) to shew the true derivation of a word , to intrepret or expound words truly . Evacuate ( evacuo ) to make empty or void , to purge . In the Rhemes Testament , Evacuated from Christ , signifies , made void , and having no part with him . Evade ( evado ) to escape , to pass without danger . Evagation ( evagatio ) a wandring , roving or straying abroad . Evagirate ( evagino ) to draw out of a sheath or scabbard . Evangeliques , a sort of Reformers so called , appearing at , or not long after Luther in Germany . An Evangelistary , The office of an Evangelist ; also a Pulpit , or the place where the Gospel is delivered . Evangelism ( evangelismus ) joyful tidings ; as the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary , the tidings of Christs Nativity , &c. Evangelist ( evangelista ) one that brings good tidings ; a writer or preacher of the Gospel . Evangelize ( evangelizo ) to preach the Gospel , to bring good tidings . Evanid ( evanidus ) vain , decaying , unfruitful , frail . Evaporate ( evaporo ) to breath or steam out , to send out vapors . Evasion ( evasio from evado ) an escaping , a shift . Eucharist ( Eucharista ) properly signifies a giving of thanks . In Ecclesiasticall writings it is taken for the Sacrament of the body and blood of Christ . Eucharistical , Pertaining to the Eucharist . Eucrasy ( eucrasia ) a right temperature of the body , humors and qualities . Eudoxie ( Gr. ) excellency of name , good report or estimation . Eve the wife of Adam ; from the Heb. Evah , i. living or giving life . Adam so called his wife , because she was the mother of every living thing . Evection ( evectio ) a carrying out or forth . Eveck or Evick ( Ibex ) a kind of wilde Goat . Eventerate ( from è and venter ) to take out the belly or paunch of any thing ; also to come out of the belly . Dr. Br. Eve●tilate ( eventilo ) to winnow as we do Corn ; and metaphorically to sift or examine a matter throughly . Eversion ( eversio ) a ruine or overthrowing . Evertuate , to take away the vertue or strength . Evestigate ( evestigo ) to seek , to follow , to hunt after . Eugantan ( euganeus ) pertaining to that people or Country , by the inner Gulf of the Adriatique Sea , towards the Alps , which belongs to the Dominion of Venice . Eugenia ( Gr ) nobleness or goodness of birth or blood . Evibration ( evibratio ) a shaking , brandishing , or darting . Eviction ( evictio ) an over vercoming or convincing by Law. Evince ( evinco ) to vanquish , to surmount , to convince ; to obtain by earnest labor ; also to convict and recover by Law. Eviration ( eviratio ) a gelding or taking away the Genitals . Evintegrony ( aevintiger ) that bears age without decay . Evisceration ( eviscero ) to imbowel , or draw out the guts . Evitable ( evitabilis ) that may be shunned or avoided . Eviternity ( aeviternitas ) eternity , everlastingness , immortality . Euloge or Eulogy ( eulogia ) a well speaking , an honest speech ; a Praise or Benediction . Eulogical ( eulogicus ) well-spoken . Eunuchate or eunuchize ( eunuchizo ) to geld men , or to play the Eunuch , or gelded man. Eunuchism , the state or condition of an Eunuch , the want of virility . Eunomians , A sort of Hereticks , who maintained , that no sin could be hurtful to one having Faith. St. Aug. Her. Cap. 54. Evocation ( evocatio ) a calling out , forth , or upon ; a mustering , calling back , or withdrawing . Evolatical ( evolaticus ) that flies or gads abroad . Evolution ( evolutio ) a rolling or tumbling out , a reading over . Euphemism ( euphemismus ) a good or favourable interpretation of a bad word . Euphony ( euphonia ) a good sound or voyce , as they use to say in Schools , Euphoniae gratia , for good sound sake . Euphorbium , A gum or tear of a strange plant growing on Mount Atlas in Lybia . It is yellowish , clear , and brittle . It may be used in Oyntments against Palsies , Cramps , and shrinking of sinews ; but to be taken inwardly is very dangerous , unless the malice of it be well corrected , for it is exceeding hot in the fourth degree . Bull. Euripe ( Euripus ) signifies generally any Strait , Fret , or Channel of the Sea , running between two shoars , as Julius Pollux defines it . But Euripus Euboicus or Chalcidicus , is a narrow passage of Sea dividing Attica and the Island of Euboea now called Golpho de Negroponte , which ebbs and flows seven times every day : the reason of which when Aristotle could not find , it is said he threw himself into the Sea with these words , Quia ego non capio te , tu capias me . But see Dr. Br. Vul. Er. fol. 364. Hence . To Euripize , To ebb and flow , as Euripus doth , to be always in motion , to be inconstant , to be whirled hither and thither . Eurythmie ( eurythmia ) is that agreeable harmony between the bredth , length , and height of all the rooms of a Fabrick . Vitruv. l. 1. c. 2. Europe ( Europa ) one of the four parts of the world , lying towards the West , containg England , France , Spain , Italy , Germany , all Greece , Creet or Candy , with many other Kingdoms , great Countries and Islands . We have many opinions concerning the derivation of the word , but the most received is , that it is called Europe of Europa , King Agenors daughter , whom Jupiter ( as Poets feign ) in likeness of a Bull carried over Sea into the Island Candy . Bull. Eustace ( eustachius ) standing firm , constant : a proper name . Eutaxie ( eutaxia ) good order , placing or disposing . Apol. for learning . Euthanasie ( Gr. ) a happy death . Bac. Euterpe , one of the Muses . Euthymie ( euthymia ) security , quiet , hearts-ease . Eutrapelize ( from Eutrapelia ) to treat civilly , or use courteously . Four Ages . Eutychians followers of the Arch Heretick Eutyches , who , about the year of Christ 443. in time of Pope Leo the first , and Theodosius the second Emperor , dogmatized , that there was but one nature in Christ , that Christ was not truely born of the Virgin Mary , with many other absurd errors against Faith. Evulsion ( evulsio ) a plucking up . Exacerate ( exacero ) to purge from chaff . Exacinate ( exacino ) to pull or press out the kernels . Exacution ( exacutio ) the pointing or making a thing sharp . Exaggerate ( exaggero ) to heap up together , to increase or amplify . Exagitate ( exagito ) to trouble , chide , to discuss , to stir up or move . Ex-amussim ( Lat ) exactly , justly , according to rule . Exanguious ( exanguis ) without blood , dead , fearful , pale . Vul. Er. Exanimate ( exanimo ) to trouble in mind , to astonish , to kill . Exanthems ( exanthemata ) the Small-pox , wheals or pushes in a mans skin , Measles . Exantlate ( exantlo ) to draw out , to empty , to sustain or suffer , to overcome with great pain . Dr. Charleton . Exarate ( exaro ) to dig or plow up , also to write with the pen or engrave . Exarch ( Exarchus ) a Vice-Emperor , a Lieutenant of the Empire . Exarchy or Exarchate , The chief place of dignity under the Emperor , the Lieutenancy of the Empire . Exariculate ( exarticulo ) to put out of joynt . Exartuate ( exartuo ) to carve as meat is carved , to quarter as the hangman doth . Exasperat ( exaspero ) to make sharp , to vex or make angry . Exaturate ( exaturo ) to fill an hungry stomack , to satisfie a greedy mind . Exauctorate or Exauctorat ( exauctoro ) to put out of pay , service or office . Exaugurate ( exauguro ) to unhallow , to prophane . Exausp●cate ( exauspico ) to have ill luck , to do a thing unfortunately . Excalfaction ( excalfactio ) a heating , chafing or warming . Excambion ( from Cambio ) an Exchange . Spots . Excandescency ( excandescentia ) anger soon come and gone . Excavation ( excavatio ) a making hollow . Sir H.W. Execation ( excaecatio ) a blinding or making blind . Excelsity ( excelsitas ) height , loftiness . Excentrick ( excentricus ) that moveth out of its Center , or that hath no Center . Excentrick Orbes , are those circles in heaven , which have not their center in the Center of the earth . Excentricity , the being out of Center . Exceptor ( Lat. ) he that write ones words as he speaks them ; a gatherer . Excety ( excerpo ) to pick out or choose . Excern ( excerno ) to sift , to purge , to seirce , to bolt . Bac. Excision ( excisio ) a breaking down , a wasting or destroying . Excitate ( excito ) to stir up , to encourage . Exclusion ( exclusio ) a shutting out , a debarring . Exclusory ( exclusorius ) that hath power to exclude or shut out . Excommunication ( excommunicatio ) is thus defined by Panormitan : Excommunicatio est nihil aliud quàm censura à Canone vel Judice Ecclesiastico prolata & inflicta , privans legitima communione sacramentorum , & quandoque hominum : And it is divided in majorem & minorem : Minor est per quam quis à sacramentorum participatione conscientia vel sententia arcetur . Major quae non solum à Sacramentorum , verumetiam fidelium communione excludit , & ab omni actu legitimo separat & dividit . Venatorius de Sent. Excom . Excommunication is a Censure inflicted by the Canon or Ecclesiastick Judge , depriving the person offending or the lawful Communion or the Sacraments , and sometimes of the liberty even of conversing with the faithful . Excoriate ( excorio ) to pluck off the skin or hide , to flay or fret the skin off . How. Excreable ( excreabilis ) that may be voided by spitting or retching . Excrement ( excrementum ) the dregs of digestion made in the body , the offal or refuse of any thing . Excrementous Excrementitious pertaining to the excrements or refuse of nature or other thing , dreggy , filthy , full of excrements . Excrescence ( from excresco ) the unnatural swelling or growing out of a thing , as of a wart , wen , &c. Excretion ( excretio ) the voiding of excrements or superfluity in the body . Excrutiate ( excrucio ) to torment or vex . Exculca● ( exculco ) to tread , trample or kick up . Exculcate ( exculpo , as ) to clear ones self of a fault . Excuriate ( excurio ) to throw out of the Court. Excursion ( excursio ) a skirmish , an invasion or inroad , a digression in speech , a running out . Excusatory ( excusatorius ) pertaining to excuse , excusing . Excussion ( excussio ) a diligent inquisition or examination ; a shaking off , a casting off or out . Execation ( execatio ) a cutting forth or away . Execrable ( execrabilis ) cursed , detestable , horrible . Execration ( execratio ) a cursing or banning ; a wishing of mischief to come . Executor ( Lat. ) one that executes or does a thing . But more particularly 't is he that is appointed by any man in his last Will and Testament to have the disposing of all his substance according to the contents of the said Will. See more of this in the Office of Executors . Exemplat ( Lat. ) a person or thing containing an example to follow or eschew ; As Cicero is exemplar , and his Eloquence exemplum . Exemplifie ( exemplifico ) to give an example or copy . Exemption ( exemptio ) a taking away , an exception or priviledging . Exenterate ( exentero ) to pull out the garbish or guts of a thing , to unbowel or empty . Exequies ( exequiae ) funeral solemnities at a Burial , so called ( à sequendo ) because the Corps go first , and the multitude follows . Exequial ( exequialis ) that brings or pertains to a Funeral . Exercitate ( exercito ) to exercise often , to use much . Exercitation ( exercitatio ) use , custom , practice . Exert ( exertus ) shewed or put forth , standing out ; open , drawn . Exesion ( exesio ) a gnawing or eating up , a consuming . Ex●a●e ( exhalo ) to breath out , to cast forth a breath or fume ; also to give up . Exhalation ( exhalatio ) a fumy smoak , hot and dry , drawn out of the Earth by the heat of the Sun , which being inflamed , is the material cause of divers fiery impressions in the Air , and being thin and lighter then a vapor , is carried up even to the highest Region . Goodly Gallery . Ex●armonians , discords , or dissonances in musick . Exhausted ( exhaustus ) drawn out , emptied , consumed . Exhibite ( exhibeo ) to set abroad , to present , to give , to shew it self . Exhibition ( exhibitio ) a giving , deliverance or preservation ; a gift or allowance . Exhil●r●re ( exhilaro ) to make one merry , to refresh . Exhilaration ( says my Lord Bacon ) has some affinity with joy , though it be a much lighter motion . Nat. hist . 151. Ex●guity ( exiguitas ) littleness , scarceness , slenderness . Exigen● ( exigens ) a straitness , narrowness , distress or necessity . Also a Writ which lyes , where a man brings a personal Action , and the Defendant cannot be found , nor hath any thing within the County , whereby he may be attached or destrained , then this Writ shall go forth to the Sheriff to make Proclamation at five Counties one after another , that if he appear not , he shall be out-lawed ; and if he be out-lawed then all his Goods and Chattels are forfeit to the King. In an Indictment of Felony , the Exigent shall go forth after the first Capias . And there are four Exigenters who are Officers in the Common-Pleas , that make out these Exigents . Exiguo●s ( exiguus ) little , small , slender Exilition ( from exilio ) a leaping or going out hastily . Exility ( exilitas ) slenderness , leanness , smalness . Exile ( exilium ) banishment . Eximious ( eximius ) excellent , singular , choice . Eximiety ( eximitas ) excellency . Exinanited ( exinanitus ) pilled , robbed , emptied , exceedingly abased , reduced to nothing . Exinanition ( exinanitio ) an emptying , an evacuation , a bringing to nothing . Existimate ( existimo ) to suppose , to judge , to think or deem . Exit ( the third person of exeo , to go out ) he went forth or departed out , he ended ; and is sometimes used Substantively . Exitial Exitious ( exitiosus ) mischievous , dangerous , baneful , deadly , destructive . Exodus ( Gr. ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. extra out , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. via , a way ) a going forth or departing out . The second Book of the Old Testament is so called , because it treats of the people of Israels going out of the Land of Egypt . Min. Exoine ( Fr. ) an excuse ; a discharge of , or toleration for absence , upon a lawful cause alledged . See Essoine . Exolete ( exoletus ) past , grown out of use , worn out , stale . Exolution ( exolutio ) a full and perfect payment ; also a faintness or looseness of all the parts of the body . Exonerate ( exonero ) to unload , to ease , to dispatch . Exoptable ( exoptabilis ) to be desired or wished . Exorable ( exorabilis ) easie to be entreated . Exorbitate ( exorbito ) to go out of the right way , to be irregular . Exorbitancies ( exorbitantiae ) things out of order , rule , or measure , extravagancies . Exorcis● ( exorcizo ) to adjure ; to charge the devil in the name of God , or by the reverence that is due to holy things , to do the will of him that Exorciseth . Exorcism ( exorcismus ) adjuration ; prayers used by the Church against the power of the devil . Exorcist ( exorcista ) one , who by a special gift of God , calls foul spirits out of the bodies of those who are possessed with them . Exordium ( Lat. ) a beginning an entrance . Exornate ( exorno ) to garnish , to adorn , to make fair . Exortive ( exortivus ) that pertains to rising , or the East part . Exosseous ( exossus ) without bones , that hath no bones . Exoster ( exostra ) an antient Engine for war ; now used for a Petard to blow open a Port or Gate . Exotetick , was that part of Aristotles doctrine which conduced to Rhetorick , Meditation , nice Disputes , and the knowledge of Civil things . Yet I have read Exoterick Books ( libri Exoterici ) to consist of plain ordinary matter . Exotick ( exoticus ) foraign , strange , barbarous , outlandish . Expand ( expando ) to declare or utter ; to display or spread abroad . Expansion ( expansio ) a displaying , an opening , a spreading forth . Ex-parte ( Lat. ) partly , in part , or of one part ; but in the Court of Chancery it hath this signification ; a joynt Commission is that wherein both Plaintiff and Defendant joyn ; a Commission Ex parte , is that which is taken out by one party onely . Expatiate ( expatior , aris ) to wander , to stray , to spread abroad . Expectable ( from expecto ) that may be expected or looked for . Expedient ( from expedio ) is used both Substantively and Adjectively : Substantively it is a help or fit means to prevent further mischief , or compass any matter ; Adjectively , it signifies , fit , helping , furthering , necessary . Expeditate ( from ex , and pes , to unfoot ) is a word usual in the Forrest Laws , otherwise called Lawing of Dogs , signifying , to cut out the balls of Dogs feet , or ( as some will have it ) to cut off by the skin , the three claws of the forefoot on the right side for the preservation of the Kings game . Charta Forestae ca. 6. Every one that kept any great dogs not expeditated , did forfeit to the King three shillings and four pence Cromp. Juris . fol. 152. and Manwood , part . 1. fol. 205. and 212. Expedite ( expedio ) to dispatch , to discharge , to prepare . to bring to pass . Experiment ( experimentum ) use , practice , proof or trial . Exp●ble ( expiabilis ) that may be purged or satisfied for . Exp●ate ( expio ) to pacifie with prayer , to purge by Sacrifice , to make amends or satisfaction for . Exp● ( expiatio ) a pacifying with prayer , a recompence or making amends . The Feast of Expiation ( among the antient Hebrews ) was commanded to be celebrated on the tenth day of the moneth Tisri , answering to our September , Lev. 13. It was so called , because the High Priest did then confess unto God both his own sins and the sins of the people , and by the performance of certain Rites , and Ceremonies , expiate them , and make an atonement with God for them . Explement ( explementum ) a thing that fills up or accomplishes . Expletive ( expletivus ) that fills a place , or makes perfect ; fulfilling or making up . Explicate ( explico ) to unfold , display , declare or expound . Explicit ( explicitus ) unfolded , declared , ended . Explode ( explodo ) publickly to disgrace , or drive out by hissing or clapping of hands . Explorement Exploration ( exploratio ) a search , a trial or searching out . Explosion ( explosio ) a casting of or rejecting , a hissing a thing out . Expolition ( expolitio ) a triming , polishing or burnishing . Ex post-facto ( Lat. ) a Law term , and signifies the doing something after another ; or the doing something after the time wherein it should have been done . Expostulate ( expostulo ) to require , also to complain , to quarrel in words , to find him self grieved . Exprobration ( exprobratio ) a reproach or upbraiding . Expugnable ( expugnabilis ) pregnable , which may be forced or won by force . Expugnation ( expugnatio ) a conquering or winning by assault . Expuition ( expuitio ) a spitting forth . Expulsion ( expulsio ) an expelling , banishing or putting forth . Expumicate ( expumico ) to polish or smooth with a pumice stone , to purge or make clean . Expunge ( expungo ) to put , cross , or blot out . Exquisite ( exquisitus ) much searched for , singular , curious , exact . Exsufflation , a breathing out or upon . Extant ( extans ) which appears above others , standing out , which is in being . Extancy ( extantia ) a standing up , or appearing above others . Extacy . See Ecstacy . Extemporality ( extemporalitas ) a promptness , or readiness without premeditation or study . Extempore ( Lat. ) out of hand , on a sudden , without premeditation . Extemporaneous Extemporary ( extemporarius ) sudden , speedy , without premeditation . Extend ( extendo ) to stretch out , enlarge or prolong . It signifies in our Common Law , to seize and value the Lands or Tenements of one bound by Statute , &c. that hath forfeited his bond , to such an indifferent rate , as by yearly rent the obligor may in time be paid his debt . The course and circumstance of this see in Fitz. nat . br . fol. 131. Brief●d execut . sur . stat . Merch. Extensible ( extensibilis ) w●ich may be extended or drawn out in length . Extensive ( extensivus ) that may be stretched out , or made long . Extent ( from extendo ) hath two significations , sometimes signifying a Writ or Commission to the Sheriff for the valuing of Lands or Tenements . Regist . Judicial in the Table . Sometimes the act of the Sheriff or other Commissioner , upon this Writ . Brook. tit . Extent . fol. 313. Extenuate ( éxtenuo ) to diminish , to make less , to undervalue . Extercorate ( extercoro ) to carry forth dung or ordure , to cleanse . Exteriour ( exterior ) more outward , in a lower place or degree . Exterminate ( extermino ) to drive or cast out , to banish , to ruine , to destroy . External ( externus ) outward , strange , foreign . Exterraneous or Extraneous ( exterraneus ) strange , of another Land or Country . Extersion ( extersio ) a wiping out . Extimate ( extimus ) the outmost or last , the contrary to intimate . Extimulate ( extimulo ) to prick forward , to stir up or encourage . Extinct ( extinctus ) quenched , put out , appeased , dead . Extirpate ( extirpo ) to pluck up by the roots . Extispicious ( from extispicium ) pertaining to South-saying by the intrals of beasts . Extorsion ( extorsio ) exaction , a wreathing or wringing out or from . In our Common Law it signifies an unlawful or violent wringing of money or moneys worth from any man. For example , if any Officer , by terrifying any Subject in his Office , take more then his ordinary duties , he commits , and is inditable of Extorsion . To this may be referred the exaction of unlawful Usury , winning by unlawful Games , excessive Toll in Milners , &c. See more in Cromp. Just . of P. fo . 48 , 49 , 50. Extort ( extoqueo ) to take away by force , to wrest away by violence . Extract Extraction ( extractio ) a drawing out , a breviate or abridgment , also a draught or copy . Extramission ( extramissio ) a sending out , or beyond . Extraneous . See Exterraneus . Extravasal ( from extra and vas ) that is besides or out of the vessel . Extricable ( extricabilis ) which a man may rid himself of or from . Extricate ( extrico ) to rid out , to deliver to shake off all lets . Extrinsecal ( extrinsecus ) outward , on the outside , out of the matter . Extroversion , a turning outwards : In mystical Divinity it is a scattering or distracting ones thoughts upon exterior objects . Extrude ( extrudo ) to thrust or drive out , to hasten forth . Extuberate ( extubero ) to swell much , to rise up like a bunch , also to make to swell . Extumescence ( from extumesco ) a swelling or rising up . Exuberancy ( exuberantia ) abundance , plenty . Exuberate ( exubero ) to abound , to be plentiful , to bear in great abundance . Exuccous ( exuceus ) without juyce . Vul. Er. Exudate ( exudo ) to send forth liquor , to sweat or drop out . Exulcerate ( exulcero ) to make sore , to vex , to fret , to raise blisters . Exuge ( exugo ) to suck up , to drink up . Exulate ( exulo ) to be banished to live in exile . Exult ( exulto ) to rejoyce greatly , to triumph over one , to leap for joy . Exultation ( exultatio ) a rejoycing , leaping for joy , a triumphing . Exuperable ( exuperabilis ) that may be exceeded , passed , or got over . Exustion ( exustio ) a burning or parching . Eyre ( comes of the old Fr. word Erre , a journey ) signifies ( in Briton . ca. 2. ) the Court of Justices Itenerants . And Justices in Eyre , are those onely , which Bracton in many places calls ( Justiciarios Itinerantes ) Of the Eyre , read Britton ubi supra , who expresses the whole course of it . And Bracton l. 3. tract . 2. ca. 1 , and 2. The Eyre also of the Forest is nothing but the Justice-Seat otherwise called ; which is , or should by antient custom be held every third year by the Justices of the Forest journeying up and down to that purpose . Cromptons Jurisd . fo . 156. Manwood part . 1. pag. 121 , &c. Ezechias ( Hebr. ) strength of the Lord. Ezechiel ( Heb. ) seeing the Lord. F FAbal ( fabalis ) of or belonging to a beam . Fabellator ( Lat. ) he that feigns or invents tales . The difference betwixt fabellator and fabulator , can be no other then that betwixt fabella and fabula ; this signifying a fable or tale , that a short or little tale . Fabrick ( fabrica ) a Shop , or Work-house wherein any thing is framed ; the art of framing or making , building , or proportioning . It is most commonly used for a building or a thing artificially made . Fabricate ( fabrico ) to make , to build , to invent . Fabricator ( Lat. ) a framer , or inventer , a builder . Fabulator ( Lat. ) a teller of tales or fables , a Fabulist . Fabulosity ( fabulositas ) an addition to , or custom of telling lies or tales , fulness of lies . Fabulous ( fabulosus ) full of lyes or fables . Facade ( Fr. ) the fore-front , forepart , outside or representation of the outside of a house . Merc. Ital. Facetious ( facetosus ) full of mirth and pleasantness . Facile ( facilis ) light , easie , quick , gentle . Facility ( facilitas ) easiness , gentleness , courtesie . Facinorous ( facinorosus ) full of naughty acts , attempting soul deeds , villanous . Fact ( factum ) a deed , a work , a thing done or made . Factitious ( factitius ) counterfeited , made to the likeness of any thing . Factor ( Lat. ) a doer or maker ; It is commonly used for him that buys and sells for a Merchant , or that looks to his business , in his absence . Facture ( factura ) the making or doing a thing . Faculent ( faculentus ) bright or clear . Faculty ( facultas ) power to do or speak , promptness . And of these there are three , which govern man , and are distributed into the whole body , namely , Animal , Vital , and Natural : The Animal Faculty is that which sends feeling and motion to all the body , from the brain by sinews , and nourisheth the Understanding ; The Vital Faculty gives life from the heart by Arteries to all the body ; The Natural Faculty gives nourishment to all the parts of the body , from the Liver by Veins , &c. Vigon . In our Common Law it is used for a priviledge or especial power granted to a man by favor , indulgence and dispensation , to do that which by the Common Law he cannot : As to eat flesh upon days prohibited ; to marry without Banes first asked ; to hold two or more Ecclesiastical Livings ; the Son to succeed the Father in a Benefice , and such like . And for granting these , there was a particular Officer under the Archbishop of Canterbury , called , the Master of the Faculties . Cow. Facundity ( facunditas ) eloquence . Facundious ( facundosus ) full of eloquence . Facundate ( facundo ) to make eloquent or pleasant . Faddom , is a measure of six foot by which Seamen measure the depth of water , and length of Cables . Faitors , seems to be a French word antiquated or something traduced . For the modern French is ( faiseur , i. factor ) It is used in the Stat. A. 7. R. 2. cap. 5. And in the evil part signifying a bad doer . Or it may not improbably be interpreted an idle liver , taken from ( faitardise ) which signifies a kind of numb or sleepy disease , proceeding of too much sluggishness , which the Latins call ( Veternus ) for in the said Statute it seems to be a Synonymon to Vagabond . Falarick ( falaricus ) pertaining to a kinde of dart thrown out of Towers besieged . Falcator ( Lat. ) he that cuts with a Bill or Hook. Falcation ( falcatio ) a mowing or cutting with Bill or Hook. Vul. Er. Falchon or short Sword , from the Lat. falce , i. a hook , quod ( ut scribit Herodot . l. 5. ) gladiolus iste à femore suspendi solitus , in dorso falcis instar incurvus esset ; because it turns up somewhat like a hook . Falcidian Law , a Law among the Romans so called , because made in the time of the Consulship of Falcidius ; which Law intreated of the liberty which every Citizen of Rome ought to have in the disposal of his goods . Falciferous ( falcifer ) that carries or bears a hook or Bill . Falernian Wine , Muscadine ; So called from a field called Falernus in Campania , which abounds with those excellent Grapes that make this wine . Fallacy ( fallacia ) deceit , a crafty device , guile or fraud . Fallaciloquence ( fallaciloquentia ) deceitful speech . Fallax ( Lat. ) deceitful , beguiling , counterfeit . L. Bacon makes it a Substantive , when he says ( here lies the Fallax ) i. the deceit , or the thing that 's apt to deceive . Famicide ( famicida ) a slanderer or destroyer of ones good name . Falouque ( Fr. ) a Barge or kinde of Barge-like boat , that has some five or six Oars on a side . See Brigantine . Falsification ( falsificatio ) a falsifying , a forging , adulterating , sophisticating . Famigerate ( famigero ) to blaze abroad , to report . Familiar ( familiaris ) a spirit or god of the houshold among the Heathens . Also in Spain there is a kind of a Sergeant or Sumner so called belonging to the Inquisition . Family of Love , or Familism , a blasphemous Heresie broached by one Hen. Nicholas of Amsterdam about the year 1550. He maintained , that Christ is already come in his glory to judge , &c. And that the Seat or Throne of judgment whereon Christ sits , is the Community of the Family of Love , whereof the said H.N. is the eldest Father ; and that he and they are Godded with God , and God manned with them , &c. These Familsts are now conceived to be turned into those we call Ranters . Fanal . See Fane . Fanatick ( fanaticus ) mad , foolish , inspired with prophetical fury . Fane ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i ostendo , Fr. Fanal ) a weathercock , to shew the station of the wind . First invented by Andronicus Cirrestes at Athens . Pol. Virg. Also the Lantern of a Ship or Gally . Fannel ( Fr. Fanon ) a scarf-like Ornament worn about the left Arm of a sacrificing Priest . See Maniple . Fannian Law , a Law among the Romans , repressing excessive banquets , enacted in the Consulship of Fannius , and therefore so called . Fantome . See Phantome . Fanus ( deus anni ) a Heathen god whom the Phenicians expressed by a Dragon with her tail in her mouth , to shew how the years run round . Farce ( Fr. ) a fond and dissolute Play , or Comedy ; also the Jig at the end of an Interlude , wherein some pretty knavery is acted ; also any stuffing in meat . Farced ( farcitus ) stuffed or filled . Farcinate ( farcino ) to stuff . Farragirous ( from farrago , inis ) that is mixed with sundry grains together , or with good and bad . Vul. Er. Farinaceous or Farinous ( farinaceus ) mealy or full of meal , bemealed , beflowred . Farreation ( farreatio ) a Sacrifice whereby Priests confirmed marriage . Farsang , is three of our English miles , or a League among the Persians . Herb. tra . Fasciate ( fascio ) to swaddle or bind . Fascicular ( facicularis ) belonging to a bundle or fardel . Fasciculate , To tye up into a bundle or fascicle . Fascicle ( fasciculus ) a handful bound together ; a packet ; also any thing carried in the hand to smell . Fascinate ( fascino ) to bewitch , to forespeak , or inchant . Fascination , A bewitching , a charm , a forespeaking . Fascination is the power and intensitive act of the imagination upon the body of another . Fa●tidious ( fastidiosus ) disdainful , loathing , soon offended . Fastigate Fastigiate ( fastigio ) to raise up , or grow up to a sharp top . Fas●s , A strong hold , an inaccessible place . Bac. Fastuosity ( fastuositas ) disdain , pride . Fatality ( from fatum ) fatalness ; also unavoidableness , as of a thing appointed by destiny . Cotg. Fate ( fatum ) destiny , that which must of necessity come to pass by Gods secret appointment . Fatal ( fatalis ) pertaining to destiny or fate . Fatidical ( fatidicus ) that telleth fortunes or destinies . Fatiferous ( fatifer ) that brings fate or destiny . Fatigable ( from fatigo ) which may be wearied or tired . Fatigate ( fatigo ) to make weary , to trouble much . Fatigue ( Fr. ) weariness , tediousness , trouble , toyl ; as we say the Fatigues of war or of a long journey . Fatiloquent ( fatiloquus ) that soothsaith or prophecieth . Fatuate ( fatuor ) to play the fool . Fatuity , ( fatuitas ) foolishness , blockishness , idiotism . Favaginous ( from favus ) like or full of honey , or honey comb . Faunes ( Fauni ) Gods of the fields and woods . Faunick ( faunicus ) wild , woodish , rude . Favontan ( Favonius ) pertaining to the west-wind , favorable . Faustity ( faustitas ) good luck , happiness . Fautor ( Lat. ) a favorer , a furtherer , or maintainer . Fautresse ( fautrix ) she that favors or maintains . Fealty , ( of the Fr. feaulte , i. fidelitas ) signifies in our Common Law an oath taken at the admittance of every Tenant , to be true to the Lord of whom he holds his Land. And he that holds Land by this oath of fealty , onely holds in the freest manner that any man in Engl. under the King may hold . Because all with us that have Fee , hold per fidem & fiduciam , that is , by fealty at the least , Smith de Repub. Anglor . l. 3. c. 8. Act 1656. c. 4. Feasible ( Fr. faisable ) effectable , which may be performed , acted or done . Febricitate ( febricito ) to be sick-of a Feaver , or Ague . Febriculous ( febriculosus ) that hath or is subject to a Feaver . Februate ( februo ) to purge Souls by Sacrifice or Prayer . Fecial ( faecialis ) pertaining to the Herald that denounceth war or peace : The manner was thus ; The Faecialis carried a Lance or Spear headed with Iron , and half burnt with fire , and strewed herbs all the way in sign of peace , even to the confines of those against whom he was to menace war ; there in the presence of three men of good years , declared , that he and the people of Rome did denounce war against them , &c. And then threw the Lance as far as he could upon their ground . When they proclaimed Peace , the Faecialis took up a stone in his hand , which ( after certain solemn words pronounced , and those to be read in Godwins Anthol . lib. 4. cap. 1. ) he cast out of his hand , &c. And of these Foeciales or Heralds , there were in Rome a Colledge of twenty , the principal of them was Pater patratus . Feculency ( foeculentia ) filthiness , fulness of dregs . Feculent ( foeculentus ) soul , unclean , loathsom , full of dregs . Fecundity ( foecunditas ) plenty , fertility , abundance . Fedity ( foeditas ) filthiness , foulness , dishonesty . Feid , Feed or Feud , Is that ill custom which hath been much used in Scotland , and the North of England , viz. a combination of kindred , to revenge the death of any of their blood against the killer , and all his race . These deadly Feids , King James in his Basilicon Doron , advised his son to redress with all care possible . The word signifies hatred . See Feud . Fee ( feodum , alias feudum ) is in our Law an equivocal word , but most usually taken for an estate of inheritance in Lands to one and his Heirs for ever , or to one and the heirs of his body . But it is also used for the compass or extent of a Mannor ; and in the common acceptance , the word is well known . Fee-farm , is when a Tenant holds of his Lord in Fee-simple , paying him a yearly rent , to half or a third part of the value of the Land , more or less . Fee-simple ( feodum simplex ) is when any person holds Lands or Rent to him and his Heirs for ever ; and these words his Heirs make the Estate of inheritance ; for if Land be given to a man for ever , yet he hath but an Estate for life . Feisible . See Feasible . Fellifluous ( fellifluus ) flowing of the Gall. Felicitae● ( felicito ) to make prosperous or hapyy . Felth. And I have read Felicify . Felicitous ( from felix ) happy , or made happy . Felion ( from fel , i. choler or grief of mind ) an angry blister or wheal , most commonly on the finger or thumbs end . Felo de se , Is he that commits Felony by murthering himself . See Crompt . Just . of Peace , fo . 28. and Lamb. Eiren. l. 2. c. 7. p. 243. Feloqur . See Falouque . Fencemonth , is a moneth wherein it is unlawful to hunt in the Forest , because the female Deer fawn in this month , which begins fifteen days before Midsomer , and ends fifteen days after . So that to this moneth there are 31 days assigned . See Manwood part . 1. of his Forest Laws , p. 80. but more at large part . secunda , c. 13. per totum . Fenestral ( fenestralis ) belonging to a window . Felony ( felonia ) seems to come of the Fr. felonnie , i. impetuositas , atrocitas , immisericordia . We account any offence Felony that is in degree next to petty Treason , and compriseth divers particulars under it , as Murther , Theft , killing of a mans self , Sodomy , Rape , wilful burning of houses , and divers such like , which are to be gathered , especially out of Statutes , whereby many offences are daily made Felony , that before were not . Felony is discern'd from lighter offences , by this , that the punishment thereof is death ; Howbeit Petit Larceny ( which is the stealing of any thing under the value of twelve pence ) is Felony , as appears by Brook. tit . Coron . n. 2. His reason is , because the Indictment against such a one must run with these words , felonicè cepit , and yet this is not punished by death , though it be loss of goods . A man may call that Felony , which is under petit Treason , and punished by death . And of this there are two sorts : one lighter , that for the first time may be relieved by Clergy ; another that may not ; and these are to be known by the Statutes ; for Clergy is allowed where it is not expresly taken away . Vid. Stanf. l. 1. pl. Cor. à fine cap. 2. usque ad 39. Lamb. Just . P. l. 2. cap. 7. and Crompt . J.P. fol. 32 , &c. Feminine ( foemininus ) of the female kinde . Feneration ( foeneratio ) usury , or the practice thereof . Feneratitious ( foeneratitius ) taken or given to usury , or pertaining thereto . Feodarie , alias Feudarie , alias Feudatarie ( feudatarius ) was an Officer authorised and made by the Master of the Court of Wards and Liveries , by Letters Patents under the Seal of that Office ; his Function was to be present with the Escheator at the finding any Office , to give evidence for the King , as well concerning the value as the tenure , to survey the Land of the Ward , after the Office found , and to rate it ; he was also to assign the Kings widows their Dowers , and to receive all the Rents of the Wards Lands , within his Circuit , and to answer them to the Receiver of the Court of Wards and Liveries . This Office is mentioned , An. 32. H. 8. cap. 46. Feofment ( from the Gottish word feudum , and signifies Donationem feudi ) is in our Common Law any gift or grant of any Honors , Castles , Manors , Messuages , Lands or other corporal & immoveable things of like nature , to another in Fee-simple , by the delivery of seism , and possession of the thing given , whether the gift be made by word or writing ; and when it is in writing it is called a Deed of Feofment , and in every Feofment the giver is called the Feoffer , and he that receives by vertue thereof , the Feoffee ; And Littleton says , that the proper difference between a Feoffer and Donor , is , that the Feoffer gives in Fee-simple , and the Donor in Fee-tayl . Feracity ( feracitas ) fruitfulness . Feral ( feralis ) deadly , mortal , dangerous , lamentable . Ferial ( ferialis ) of or belonging to holy days , idle , vacant , unimployed . Feriation ( feriatio ) quietness , idleness . Ferient ( feriens ) striking , hitting or knocking . Ferine ( ferinus ) wild as a beast . Ferit ( Ital. ferite ) a wound or blow . Ferity ( feritas ) cruelty , fierceness . Fermentarious ( fermentarius ) made of leaven , leavened . Ferment ( fermentum ) leaven . Fermented Fermentated leavened , puffed up . Fermentation ( fermentatio ) a fastning or setling ; a leavening , as of bread ; a mixing or incorporating ; also a working , as of Ale or Beer . Ferocious ( from ferox , ocis ) fierce , harsh , cruel , proud , haughty . Ferocity ( ferocitas ) fierceness , harshness , cruelty . Feronia , a Goddess of the Woods . Ferrean ( ferreus ) of iron , iron-like ; also hard-hearted , cruel . Ferried ( from fero or ferre ) born or carried ; as ferried over a River . Ferruginous ( ferruginosus ) like to or of the colour of rusty iron . Ferruminate ( ferrumino ) to soulder or fasten together , properly in matters of iron . Fertility ( fertilitas ) fruitfulness , abundance . Fertilize ( Fr. fertilizer ) to make fertile , fruitful or rank ; also to increase or grow fruitful . Fervent ( fervens Fervid ( fervidus ) ) scalding , burning , fierce , vehement . Ferular ( ferula ) a wooden Instrument , wherewith the Master strikes boys hands in Schools for correction ; called also a Palmer . Fervor ( Lat. ) a burning heat , earnestness , vehemency of passion . Fesse point ( from the Lat. Fascia ) the middle part of an Escutecheon whose breadth is divided into three even parts . Fessitude ( fessitudo ) weariness , tiredness . Festinate ( festino ) to make haste , to do a thing speedily . Festivous ( festivus ) merry , pleasant , delightful , provoking mirth , pertaining to holy days . Festivity ( festivitas ) mirth , pleasantness , a good grace . Festucous ( from festuca ) belonging to a young tender sprig or stalk of a tree or herb from the root upward . Fetiferous ( foetifer ) fruitful , that brings forth fruit or young . Feuid ( foetidus ) stinking , filthy , ill-smelling . Fetor ( foetor ) a stink or ill-savor . Feud or Feid , or deadly Feud ( feuda ) a profession of an unquenchable hatred , till we be revenged even by the death of our enemy : and is deduced from the German word Feid , which ( as Hotoman saith in verbis feudalibus ) modo bellum , modo capitales inimicitias significat . This word is used 43. El. c. 13. See Feid . Feudal ( Fr. ) of or belonging to a Fief , Manor , Fee or Fee-simple ; also held in Fief or in Fee. Cotg. Feudary . See Feodary . Feud-boote ( Sax. Faehth-bote ) a recompence for engaging in a Feud or Faction , and for the damages consequent ; it being the custom of antient times for all the kindred to engage in their Kinsmans quarrel ; according to that of Tacitus , de Morib . German . Suscipere tam inimicitias , seu patris , seu propinqui , quam amicitias necesse est . Sax. Dict. Feudist , One that bears a feud or enmity ; also one that writes of Fees & Inheritances . Feuge . See Fugue . Fewmets or Fewmishing , the dung of a Deer . Fiants ( Fr. fiens ) the dung of a Fox or Badger ; a term of hunting . Fibers ( fibrae ) the small threads , or hair-like strings of roots ; also the threads or strings of Muscles and Veins . Fibrous ( fibrosus ) full of hair-like threads or strings . Fibulate ( fibulo ) to joyn , or fasten together . Fictile ( fictilis ) earthen , or made of earth . Bac. Fictitious ( fictitius ) dissembled , feigned , counterfeit . Fideicide , a Faith-destroyer ; a breaker of word or trust . Fideicommissor ( Lat. ) he that commits a thing to the disposure of another . Fidejussor ( Lat. ) a Surety for another in a mony matter . Fidius , the god of faithfulness , and Son of Jupiter . Fiduciary ( fiduciarius ) taken substantively , is a Feoffee in trust ; or one intrusted on condition to restore ; adjectively , trusty or sure . A Fiduciary Father . See Emancipate . Fiduciate ( fiducio ) to commit a trust , or to make condition of trust . Fierabras ( from the Fr. fier a bras ) fierce at arms ; a name for a Braggadocia or desperate fellow . Fifteenth ( Decima quinta ) is a Tribute or Imposition of money laid upon every City , Burrough , and other Town through the Realm , not by the Poll , or upon this or that man , but in general upon the whole City or Town ; so called because it amounts to one fifteenth part of that which the City or Town hath been valued at of old . Figment ( figmentum ) a forged tale , a lye . Figurative ( figurativus ) that is spoken by way of figure . Filaceaus ( from filum , or the Fr. filace ) of or pertaining to fine flax or thread . Filament ( filamentum ) a thread , string or rag , or any thing like thereto , the beard of a root . Rel. Med. Filanders ( Fr. filandres ) small worms that breed in bruised , surfeited , or foul-fed Hawks ; also nets to catch wild Beasts with . Filazer ( filazarius ) of the Fr. [ filace ] is an Officer in the Common Pleas , whereof there are fourteen : They make out all original Process , as well real as personal and mixt . File ( filum ) is a thread or wyer whereon Writs or other exhibits in Courts are fastned , for the more safe keeping them . It is also a term in War , where six Musketeirs or Pike-men ( or as many as go a breast ) make a File or Rot. See Brigade . Filial ( filialis ) of or belonging to a son . Filiaster ( Fr. filiastre ) a Son in Law , or Son by a former marriage . Filme ( from the Belgick velme , quod idem denotat ) a fine thin skin within the body dividing the flesh or any near member one from another . Also a skin like a cap wherein divers children are born . And the skins in wrapping the brains are called Filmes ; the inmost , which is next the brain , is also called pia meninx , or pia mater , the other dura meninx , or dura mater . The Infant has three Teguments or Membranous Filmes , which cover it in the womb , that is , the Corion , Amnios , and Allantois ; whereof see more in Vul. Er. p. 269. Filtration ( F. ) a straining , distilling , or passing of Simples , &c. through a Felt , wollen cloth or the like . Cotgr. Fimbriated ( from fimbria ) environed with an hem or edge : a term of Heraldry . Financer ( Fr. Financier ) an Exchequer-man , Receiver , Under-Treasurer or Teller in the Exchequer . Financy ( Fr. finance ) wealth , substance , riches , goods ; also a Princes Revenue or Treasure Bac. Findible ( findibilis ) that which may be cut or riven . Finitive ( finitivus ) which defines or determines . Finours of Gold and Silver , are those that purifie and part those metals from other courser , by fire and water . A. 4. H. 7. cap. 2. They are also called Parters , in the same place , sometimes Departers . Fire-boot ( compounded of Fire , and this Saxon word Bote , i. compensatio , a recompence ) signifies allowance or eslovers of wood to maintain competent fire for the use of the Tenant . St. Anthonies Fire ( Erysipelas ) a disease so called , being an inflammation with Sores or Biles , or a swelling , full of heat , and redness , &c. Firmity ( firmitas ) firmeness , stableness , constancy , Fire-drake , a fire sometimes seen flying in the night , like a Dragon ; common people think it a spirit , that keeps some treasure hid ; but Philosophers affirm it to be a great unequal exhalation inflamed between two clouds , the one hot , the other cold ( which is the reason that it also smoaks ) the middle part whereof , according to the proportion of the hot cloud , being greater then the rest , makes it seem like a belly , and both ends like a head and tail . First Fruits ( primitiae ) were the profits of every spiritual Living for one year , given in antient time to the Pope throughout all Christendom ; but by the Stat. A. 26. H. 8. c. 3. translated to the Prince ; For ordering whereof , there was a Court erected , An. 32. H. 8. ca. 45. but it was dissolved , An. 5. M. Sess . 2. ca. 10. and since that time , though those profits are reduced again to the Crown by the Statute 1. Eliz. ca. 4. yet was the Court never restored , but all matters formerly therein handled , were transferred to the Exchequer . See Annats . Fiscal ( fiscalis ) pertaining to the Fisque , or publick Treasure . Fisque ( Fiscus ) the publike Purse , the publike Revenue or Treasure ; a Treasury or Exchequer . Tacitus . Fissiped ( fissipes , pedis ) cloven-footed . Fissure ( fissura ) a cleft , a division , a parted leaf . Fistula ( Lat. Span. Fistola ) a dangerous Ulcer or Sore still running . It goes up into the body with a long narrow hole like a pipe , and therefore so called , and is commonly hard in the outside . Fistulary ( fistularis ) belonging to that disease , or to a pipe . Fitz ( Fr. fils , a son ) is used as an addition to some Sirnames , as Fitz Herbert , Fitz Williams , answerable to the Hebr. Ben , the Welch Ap , and the Irish Mac. Fizgig , is a kinde of Top which boyes play with ; And Mariners so call a certain dart , wherewith they strike fishes as they swim . Flabellation ( flabellatio ) a fanning , an airing , or giving wind unto . Flable ( flabellum ) a Fan. Flaccid ( flaccidus ) withered , feeble , weak , flaggy . Flagellation ( flagellatio ) a whipping or scourging . Flagitious ( flagitiosus ) ungracious , wicked , full of mischeif . Flagitate ( flagito ) to ask instantly , to desire earnestly . Flagrant ( flagrans ) burning , ardent , bright . Flagrancy ( flagrantia ) ardent desire , burning with flame , an inordinate love . Flamens , The Priests among the Romans and Druides , so called : Their Arch-Priests that presided over chief Towns , or great Districts , were called Arch-Flamens ; They took that name of Filamen , a filet or woollen yarn , which they used to wear on their heads , or as others say , from their Mitre or head Ornament , which was called in old time flama . See Arch-flamen . Flammability , aptness to be inflamed , or set on fire . Flammation ( flammatio ) a setting on fire . Flammeous ( flammeus ) somewhat coloured like a flame of fire ; belonging to a flame . Flammiferous ( flammifer ) that brings or causes a flame or fire . Flasque ( from the Lat. flecto ) a term in Heraldry , and signifies an Archline in an Escotcheon . Guill . Flatility ( flatilitas ) unconstancy , incertainty . Flatulent ( flatulentus ) windy , or ingendring winds ; as Pease and Beans are flatulent meat . Flatuous ( flatuosus ) full of blowing or windiness . Flatuosity , windiness , fulness of wind . Fledwit ( of the Sax. Fled , i. a fugitive ; and wit , which some make but a termination , signifying nothing of it self : Others say it signifies a reprehension , censure , or correction . ) In our antient it Law signifies a discharge or freedom from amerciaments , when one having been an out-lawed Fugitive , comes to the peace of his own accord . Rastal . Expos . of words . See Bloodwit . Fleet ( Fleta ) is a famous Prison in London , so called , as it seems , from the River , upon the side whereof it stands . Camb. Brit. fol. 137. To this Prison none are usually committed , but for contempt to the Laws , or upon absolute commandment of the King ; or the Superiour Courts of Justice ; or lastly , upon debt , when men are unable or unwilling to satisfie their Creditors . Flegmatick . See Phlegmatick . Flectiferous ( flectifer ) that yeelds or causes tears or drops . Flexanimous ( flexanimus ) that turns the mind ; That is of a mind easily bent or turned . Flexibility ( flexibilitas ) aptness to bend or yeild . Flexible ( flexibilis ) that may be bowed , tender , tractable , pliant , apt to move . Flexiloquent ( flexiloquus ) that speaks doubtfully , so that he may be taken divers ways . Flexion ( flexio ) a bending or bowing . Floccify ( floccifacio ) to set nought by , to esteem little . Flora , the Goddess of flowers , otherwise called Chloris . Floramor ( from the Lat. flos ymoris ) a kind of Herb , or Plant , the flowers whereof are held to have a singular faculty to beget love . Florein , a Coyn whereof there are several sorts , one about the value of three shillings four pence , the other about two shillings ten pence farthing . In Languedock , and the Countries adjoyning , they have a peece called a Florin worth eighteen pence sterling . Florid ( floridus ) garnished with flowers , fresh , lively . Floriferous ( florifer ) that beareth flowers . Flosculous ( from flosculus ) flowery , or pertaining to a flower , or blossom , full of flowers . Vul. Er. Flotson , alias Flotzam , is a word proper to the Seas , signifying any goods that by shipwrack are lost and lye floting or swiming upon the top of the water , which with Jetson , Lagon and Shares are given to the Lord Admiral by his Letters Patents . Jetson , is a thing cast out of the ship , being in danger of wreck , and beaten to the shore by the waters , or cast on the shore by Mariners . Coke Vol. 6. fol. 106. a. It comes of the French Jettér , to cast out . Lagon alias Lagam vel Ligan is that which lyes in the bottom of the Sea. Coke ibid. of the Dutch Ligghen , to lie . Shares are goods due to more by proportion , from the Sax. Schyzen , i. to divide . Min. Fluctiferous ( fluctifer ) that raiseth or brings waves . Fluctuate ( fluctuo ) to rise in waves and surges , to be boisterous and rough ; to waver , doubt , or be uncertain . Fluctisonant ( fluctisonus ) sounding or roaring with waves or billows . Fluctivagant ( fluctivagus ) wandering on the water or Sea , tossed by the waves . Fluctuous ( fluctuosus ) troublous , unquiet , boysterous . Fluent Fluid ( fluens ) flowing , or gushing out , waterish . Fluidity ( fluiditas ) wetness or flowing . Fluminous ( fluminosus ) full of rivers . Fluvial ( fluvialis ) of or belonging to a River . Fluvious ( fluviosus ) flowing much . Flux ( fluxus ) a flowing or issue . Fluxibility , Aptness to flow . Focillate ( focillo ) to nourish , comfort , or refresh . Fodder , or Fother ( Sax. ) a certain weight of Lead or Tin , about 2000 pound , or a Wain-load ; it is mentioned in Acts 1656 9. Fodient ( fodiens ) that digs or thrusts into . To Foine ( pungo ) to prick or sting . Rider . Foines , A kinde of Fur brought for the most part out of France . The top whereof is black , and the ground whitish ; the beast that bears it , is about the bigness of a Cat. Foliaceous ( foliaceus ) of or like a leaf . Folio ( folium ) a sheet or large leaf of paper . We say a book is in Folio , when two leaves of it make a sheet ; in Quarto , when four leaves make a sheet ; in Octavo , when eight leaves make a sheet , Duodecimo , or in Twelves , when the sheet is made into twelve leaves , &c. Every folio or leaf hath two pages . Foliatanes ( from folia , i. leaves ) an order of religious persons , who lived onely upon leaves , which the Pope put down , as finding leaves unable to nourish mans body . Folcland ( Sax , ) Copy-hold Lands were so called in the time of the Saxons ; and Charter-lands were called Bock-land . Kitch . 174. fundus sine scripto possessus , says Mr. Sumner . Folkmoote , is a Saxon word , compounded of Folk , i. populus , and Gemettan , i. convenire . It signifies ( according to Mr. Lambert , in his exposition of Saxon words , verbo , conventus ) two kinds of Courts , one now called the County Court , the other called the Sheriffs Turn . This word is still in use among the Londoners , and signifies Celebrem ex omni Civitate conventum . Stow. Surv. But Mr. Manwood in his first part of Forest Laws , p. 111 , hath these words , Folkmote is the Court holden in London , wherein all the folk and people of the City did complain of the Mayor and the Aldermen for misgovernment within the City . Foliage ( Fr. Fueillage ) branched work in painting or Tapestry ; also leasiness . Follicle ( folliculus ) a little bag , purse , or bladder . Foliate ( foliatus ) leaved or having leaves ; Gold foliate , is leaf Gold. Bac. Foment ( fomento ) to warm , comfort , cherish . Fomentation ( fomentatio ) a fomenting , comforting , or asswaging . In Physick it properly signifies powdry or dry things in bags , or any liquor in a Spunge or Bladder applied warm to the body to metigate pain , or make way by opening the ●pores , for ointments or plaisters to be applied . Fons Solis , a Fountain near the Temple of Jupiter Hammon in Lybia , that at midnight is as hot as boiling water , and at noon as cold as any ice ; which may the rather be credited , since our Bathes in England are much warmer in the night then in the day . Sir Wa. Ral. History of the World , l. 4. f 184. Font ( fons ) a Fountain or Water-spring . What the Font of a Church is every one knows , but not why so called . The Rites of Baptism in the primitive times were performed in Fountains and Rivers , both because the Converts were many , and those ages unprovided of other Baptisteries ; and in this Rite we still retain the name ; for hence t is we call our Baptisteries , Fonts ; which when Religion found peace , were built and consecrated for the more reverence and respect of the Sacrament . Rationale . Fontal ( fontalis ) pertaining to a Fountain or Well . Forable ( forabilis ) that may be boared or pierced . Foraminous ( foraminosus ) full of holes . Foraneous ( foraneus ) belonging to a Market or Court. Forcinated ( forcipatus ) bended like a hook . Foreloin , a term in hunting when a Hound meets a chase , and goes away with it , before the rest of the Cry. Forensal ( forensis ) pertaining to the Common-place ; used in pleading or in the Judgment place . Forestal ( from the Belg. Veur , i. ante , and Stallen , Merces disponere ) is to buy Corn , Cattle or other Merchandize by the way as it comes towards the Fair or Market to be sold , to the intent to sell the same again , at a dearer price . Forestaller , is he that forestalls , and buys things in such sort . Forelorn Hop● , a party of Souldiers sent before the whole body of the Army to skirmish with the Enemy ; the French call it Enfans perdues ; the Roman Velites were in a manner answerable hereunto . Forelorn , comes from the Belg. Verloren , i. perditus , lost . The Forelorn-Hope is given for lost , in respect it is most commonly desperate Service . See Perdu . Formalist ( from forma ) one that is very punctual or precise in his actions or words . Formator ( Lat. ) he that instructeth , maketh or formeth . Formalize , to form , to give or add form unto . Formidable ( formidabilis ) dreadful , to be feared , terrible . Formidolous ( formidolosus ) fearful , that feareth , dreadful , dangerous . Formosity ( formositas ) comeliness , beauty . Formulary ( Fr. Formulaire ) the stile or manner of proceeding in the Law ; a President for doing any thing . Fornication ( fornicatio ) Whoredom , Letchery , spoken of single persons ; if either party be married , then it is Adultery . It is punished by three moneths imprisonment for the first offence ; the second is made Felony by Act 1650. c. 10. Fortitude ( fortitudo ) strength , valour , courage . It is one of the four Cardinal Vertues , and is thus defined ; Fortitude is a vertue that moderates the irascible power , according to reason , and so it helps us to overcome those difficulties , which require courage in chusing one harm to avoid another . Fit. Cat. Fortuitous Fortuite ( fortuitus ) that hapneth by chance , sudden , casual , accidental . Fosse way ( from fossus , dig'd ) it was originally one of the four grand High-ways of England , so called ; because t is conceived to be digged or made passable by the antient Romans , or ditched at least on one side ; but now several inferior High-ways are so called . See Watling-street . Fosset ( cistella ) a little chest . Fossion ( fossio ) a digging or delving . Fossile ( fossilis ) that which is or may be digged . Fotion ( fotio ) a nourishing or keeping warm . Fotive ( fotus ) nourished , kept warm . Fougade ( Fr. ) a Mine , or up-blowning Fire-work , or Wild-fire . Rel. Med. Foulk or Fulk● , a mans name ; some derive it from the German Volig , i. noble and gallant ; But I from Fole , the English Saxon word for people , as though it were the same with Publius of the Romans , and onely translated from Publius as beloved of the people and Commons . Fracid ( fracidus ) more then ripe , rotten-ripe , putrified . Faction ( fractio ) a breaking or bursting . Fragile ( fragilis ) frail , brittle , soon broken , mortal , weak . Bac. Fragility ( fragilitas ) brittleness , weakness , inconstancy . Fragment ( fragmentum ) a peece or gobbet of a thing broken . Fragor ( Lat. ) the noise made with the fall of any thing ; a cracking or crashing of things broken asunder ; a great noise or busling . Sands . Fragrancy ( fragrantia ) a sweet smell or savour . Franc , is a French coyn of twenty sols tournois , which amounts to near 2 s. sterl . Francis ( Ger. ) from Franc , that is free , not servile or bound . The same with the Gr. Eleutherius , and the Lat. Liberius . Cam. Franciscans or Franciscan Friers , a Religious Order instituted by St. Francis an Italian about the year of our Lord , 1198. and confirmed by Pope Innocent the Third ; His rule prescribed Chastity , Obedience , Poverty , much fasting , and other austerities to all that should be admitted of that Order ; Of which you may read more in St. Bonaven . de vita St Francisci . Out of this great Order have sprung divers others , as Observantes , Conventuales , Minimi , Capuciani , Collectanei , &c. Frangible ( frangibilis ) that may be broken , breakable . Franchise ( Fr. ) liberty , freedom , exemption ; also good breeding , free-birth ; it is taken with us for a priviledge or exemption from ordinary Jurisdiction , and sometimes an immunity from tribute , &c. Frank-Almoin ( libera Eleemosyna ) in French Franc Aumosne , signifies in our Common Law a Tenure or Title of Lands . Britton ( Cap. 66. num . 5. ) saith thus of it . Frank-Almoine is Lands or Tenements bestowed upon God , that is , given to such people as bestow themselves in the service of God , for pure and perpetual Almes , whence the Feoffers or givers cannot demand any terrestrial service , so long as the Lands remain in the hands of the Feoffees . Frank marriage ( Fr. Franc-marriage ) is a Tenure in Tayl special , growing from these words in the gift , Sciant , &c. Me T.B. de O. dedisse , &c. I.A. filio meo & Marg. uxori ejus filiae verae T.N. in liberum maritagium unum Messagium , &c. West . p. 1. Symb. l. 2. Sect. 303. The effect of which words is , that they shall have the Land to them and the Heirs of their bodies ; and shall do no fealty to the Donor till the fourth Degree , &c. Frank pledge ( franciplegium ) is compounded of franc , i. lib●r , and pledge , i. fidejussor , a free-pledge or surety , and signifies in our Common Law , a pledge or surety for free-men . Fraternize ( from frater ) to agree as brothers ; to concur with , or be near unto ; also to admit into a Fraternity , Brotherhood or Society . Fraternal ( fraternalis ) of or belonging to a brother . Fratricelli , a Sect of Hereticks broached by one Hermannius an Italian , about the year of Christ 1304. in time of Pope Benedict the eleventh , and Albertus the first Emperor ; they were otherwise called fratres de paupere vita , brothers of a poor life . 1. They taught promiscuous beddings ; that nothing was to be held proper or ones own ; that Christians are not to be Governors of a Commonwealth , with other foolish errors condemned by Pope Boniface the eigth . Fratricide ( fratricidium ) brother-slaughter . Fratruel● ( fratrueles ) brothers children , cousin Germans Fraudation ( fraudatio ) a deceiving or beguiling . Fradulent ( fradulentus ) crafty , deceitful , full of guil . Free-booters . See Banditi . Frederic ( Germ. ) Rich peace , or ( as the Monk which made this allusion would have it ) peaceable reign . Est adhibenda fides rationi nominis hujus Compositi Frederic , duo componentia cujus Sunt Frederic , Frith , quid nisi Pax ? Ric , quid nisi regum ? Sic per Hendiaden , Fredericus , quid nisi vel Rex Pacificus ? vel regia Pax ? Pax , pacificusque . For Frederic the English have commonly used Frery and Fery , which has been now a long time a Christian name in the antient Family of Tilney , and lucky to their house , as they report . Cam. Freed-stool ( Sax. i. sedes pacis ) was of old a refuge for malefactors at Beverley in Yorkshire , where St. John of Beverley , Archbishop of York erected a Monastery , which King Athelstan made a Sanctuary to secure offenders against all legal prosecution . Frement ( fremens ) gnashing , or grinding the teeth , roaring or braying . Frenigerent ( fraeniger ) that ruleth the bridle . Frescades ( Fr. ) refreshments ; as ( in Summer time ) light garments , cool air , cool places , cool drinks , Bowres or shades over-spread with green boughs . Fresco ( Ital. ) fresh , cool , coldish ; also unsalt , new laid , new made , sweet ; green or lusty . As we say , to walk or drink in Fresco , i. to walk in the cool or fresh air , or to drink cool or fresh wine . Fretrots , a sort of Sectaries ( which wore a secret Crown on their heads ) incestuous , as Adamites , by night , and suppressed in the year , 1310. Friable ( friabilis ) that may be crummed , or broken smal . Bac. Frication or Friation ( fricatio ) a rubbing or fretting together . Friar or Frier ( from the Lat. Frater , or from the Fr. frére , i. a brother ) there are four principal Orders reckoned of them An. 4. H. 4. ca. 17. ( viz. ) Minors , Grey Friers , or Franciscans ; Augustins ; Dominicans , or Black Friers ; and White Friers or Carmelites ; from these four Orders the rest descended . See in Zecchius de Repuh . Eccl. p. 380. And Linwood , tit . de Relig. Domibus , ca. 1. verbo , St. Augustin . Frier Observant ( frater observans ) is an Order of Franciscans , & it is to be noted , that of these four Orders mentioned in the word above , the Franciscans are , Minores tam observantes quam conventuales , & Capuchini . Zecch . de Repub. Eccl. tract . de regular . cap. 2. These Friers Observant ( mentioned An. 25. H. B. ca. 12. ) are so called , because they are not combined together in any Cloister , Covent or Corporation , as the Conventuals are , but onely tye themselves to observe the Rules of their Order , and more strictly then the Conventuals do ; and upon a singularity of zeal separate themselves from them , living in certain places and companies of their own chusing , and of this you may read Hospinian , de Orig & prog . Monachatus , fol. 878. ca. 38. Fricasse ( Fr. fricassee ) any meat fried in a pan . Friga , an Hermaphroditical Idol , adored by the old Saxons on the day now called Friday , which thence took its denomination , and was of old called Frigedeag . Verst . p. 63. Frigefaction ( frigefactio ) a making cool . Frigerate ( frigero ) to cool . Frigeratory ( frigeratorium ) a Cooling-house or place . Frigid ( frigidus ) cold , faint , negligent , flow ; also that is unable for carnal copulation Frigidity ( frigiditas ) coldness . Frigifie ( frigifacio ) to cool , or make cold . Frigor ( Lat. ) coldness . Frigorifical ( frigorificus ) that makes or procures cold . Friperer ( from the Fr. Fripier , i. interpolator ) one that scowres up and mends old Apparel to sell again , a Broker . This word is used for a bastardly kind of Broker . A. 1. Ja. ca. 21. Fripery , The use of that kind of Trade , Brocage ; also a Brokers shop , or a street of Brokers . Fritiniancy Fritiniency ( from fritinio ) is a chirping like a Swallow . Frize , and Cornice , the Crests , furniturē and finishing at the upper end of a Column or Pillar ; a term of Architecture . Frondiferous ( frondifer ) that bears leaves or branches . Frondosity ( frondositas ) leaviness , or aptness to bear leaves . Frontal ( frontale ) a Frontlet or attire for the forehead , or a plaister applied to the Forehead . It is also used Adjectively . Frontispiece ( frontispicium ) the fore-front of an house or other building ; also the Title or first page of a book done in picture . Frontiniac , a luscious kind of rich wine , made at a Town so called in France . Fructiferous ( fructifer ) bearing fruit . Frugality ( frugalitas ) thrift , sobriety , moderation in expences . Fruggin ( from the Fr. fourgon , or Lat. furca ) an Oven-fork ( so termed in Lincolnshire ) to put fuel into an Oven , and stir the fire . Frugiferent Frugiferous ( frugifer ) bringing forth fruit , fertile , profitable . Fruiterie ( Fr. ) a place to keep fruit in . Fruitiges or Fruitices ( from frutex ) branched work in Sculpture , as fucillage is in Painting or Tapestry . Frimenty ( from frumentum , i. wheat ) so called , because it is a kind of pottage made of milk and wheat . Frustrate ( frustro ) to deceive , to disappoint , to do in vain . Frustulent ( furstulentus ) full of Gobbets , and small peeces . Frutication ( fruticatio ) sprouting out of young sprigs , a springing forth . Frythe or Frith ( Sax. ) a wood . Chaucer . Or rather a plain between woods . Fucate ( fuco ) to lay on a colour , to paint , to counterfeit . Fucator ( Lat. ) he that paints or coloureth . Fugacity ( fugacitas ) a readiness to run away , inconstancy , an inclination to flight . Fugalia ( Lat. ) a Feast aunually solemnized by the old Romans in remembrance of the expulsion of the Kings out of Rome . According to which pattern , the joyful English having cleared the Country of the Danes , instituted the annual sports of Hock tide , the word ( in old Saxon ) importing the time of scorning or triumphing . This Solemnity consisted in the merry meetings of the neighbors on those days , during which the Festival lasted , and was celebrated by the younger sort of both Sexes , with all manner of Exercises and Pastimes in the streets , as Shrovetide yet is . But now time hath so corrupted it , that ( the name excepted ) there remains no sign of the first institution . Heyl. Verstegan thinks this Hock-tide may come from the Teutonick , Heugh-tide , i. A time of gladness or joy . Fugation ( fugatio ) a putting to flight , or driving away . Fugue ( Fr. ) a chase or report of Musick ; as when two or more parts chase one another in the same point . Fugtiv ( fugitivus ) flitting , ready to run away . Fugitives goods ( bona fugitivo●um ) are the proper goods of him that flies upon felony which after the flight , lawfully found , belong to the King , Coke vol. 6. fo . 109. b. Fulcible ( fulcibilis ) which may be under-set or propped . Fulciment ( fulcimen ) a prop or underset . Math. Mag. Fulge● ( fulgens Fulgid ( fulgidus shining , glistering , bright . Fulgidity ( fulgiditas ) brightness , shining , glory . Fulgor ( Lat. ) idem . Fulgural ( fulguralis ) belonging . to fulgur or lightning . Fulguration ( fulguratio ) the lightning to be seen in the clouds . Fulra●s , certain reformed Monks , or religious persons , following St. Bernard as their Patron , and St. Bennet as their Patriarch . Spir. Conflict . Fuliginous ( fuliginosus ) full of soot , smoaky . Fullonical ( fullonicus ) belonging to a Fuller of cloth . Fulminate ( fulmino ) to lighten or strike with lightning . Fulminatory ( fulminatorius ) thundering , lightning , destroying , terrible . Fulvid ( fulvidus ) yellow . Fumid ( fumidus ) smooky , or that smoaketh . Fumidity ( fumiditas ) smoakiness . Fumiferous ( fumifer ) that bringeth smoak . Fumigation ( fumigatio ) a smoaking or perfuming with smoak . Function ( functio ) the exercise , or executing of some office or charge . Funambulant ( funambulus ) a Dancer on the Rope , a Rope , Walker . Du Bartas . Fund ( fundus ) land or soil ; also a foundation or bottom . Funditor ( Lat. ) a slinger , or one that in battel or otherwise casts out stones or darts out of a sling . Funeorous Funerous ( funebris ) mournful , belonging to the Funerals of the dead , sorrowful . Fungosity ( fungositas ) a light and hollow substance , such as we see in Spunges , Mushromes , Fuss-balls , &c. Funnel ( infundibulum ) an instrument , through which liquor is poured into vessels ; also a Tunnel or Funnel of a Chimney . Furacity ( furācitas ) theevishness , theft . Furbishing ( Fr. Fourbisseure ) a scouring , polishing or burnishing . Furcation ( from furca ) a forking , a hanging on a Gallows . Vul. Er. Furus ( furiae ) three imaginary Fiends or Spirits in Hell , having Snakes growing on them instead of hairs . Poets feign them to be the Daughters of the River Acheron and Night , and to have the o●tice of tormenting the souls of murtherers and wicked men ; their names were Alecto , i. uncessantly tormenting ; Megaera , i. enraged ; And Tysiphone , i. the Avenger of murder . Futina , The Goddess of Theeves . Furlong ( of two Fr. words , Fort-long , i. very long , or quasi furrow-long ) is a quantity of ground , containing twenty Lugs , Roods , or Poles in length , and every Pole sixteen foot , and a half , eight of which Furlongs make a mile , An. 35. E. 1. ca. 6. It is otherwise the eighth part of an Acre . See Acre . In the former signification the Romans call it [ Stadium ] , in the latter [ Jugerum ] This measure which we call a Pole , is also called a Perch , and differs in length , according to the custom of the Country . See Perch , Stade . Furole ( Fr. ) a little blaze of fire appearing by night on the tops of Souldiers Lances , or at Sea , on Sail-yards , where it whirles and leaps in a moment from one place to another ; some Mariners call it St. Hermes fire ; if it come double , t is held a sign of good luck ; if single , otherwise . Furtive ( furtivus ) that is done by stealth , filching , theevish , felonious . Fuscation ( fuscatio ) a darkning or clouding . Fusibility , meltableness , that may be molten . Sir Hen. Wotton . Fusibl● ( fusilis ) that is or may be molten . Fusil ( Lat. fusillus ) a little Spindle : It is also a term in Heraldry , and signifies that in a Coat of Arms , which is in a manner like a Spindle , as in that of Sire de Montagu ( a French name ) il porte dargert , trois fusillees en fasse de gueules . Min. The Fusil is longer then the Lozenge● or Mascle , having its upper and lower part more acute , then the other two collateral middle parts . Gwill . fol. 358. Fusion ( fusio ) a melting or pouring forth . Fustigate ( fustigo ) to beat with a staff , to cudgel . Futility ( futilitas ) lightness , babbling , folly , vanity . Futurition Futurity ( from futurus ) the being to come of any thing . G GAbardine ( from the Fr. Gaban or Galleberdine ) a rough Irish Mantle or Horse-mans coat ; a long Cassock . Gabel ( Ital. gabella ) toll , Tribute , Custom , or Impost . Gabion ( Fr. ) a defence for Canoneers , made of great Baskets filled with earth . Gabriel ( Hebr. ) strong with God ; the name of an Angel. Gad ( from the Sax. Gaad , i. the point of a Spear ) is a quantity of steel , of about two or three ounces . Gaffe ( Fr. ) an iron hook wherewith Seamen pull great fishes into their ships . Gage ( Fr. ) a pawn or pledge . In our Law , use hath turned the G into W , as to Wage deliverance ( Gager deliverance ) to give security that a thing shall be delivered . Sea men Gage their Gask , that they may know the bigness of it , or how much is leaked out , which is done by putting down a stick at the Boong , and that by the wetness will shew how much liquor is in it . Also when they would know how much water a Ship draws when she is afloat , they stick a nail into a pike or pole , and put it down by the Rudder , till it catch hold under the Rudder ; & this they call Gaging a ship . Gager . See Gawgeor . Galactite ( galactites ) a precious stone of a white colour . Galage ( solea ) a kind of a Paten or Shoo , so called , having nothing on the feet but latchets . Galatia , a Sea Nymph , for whose love Polyphemus slew himself . Galaxy ( galaxias ) a bright circle in the Sky , caused by the reflexion of the Stars , the milky way in the Firmament . Galenue or Galenist , one that studies or follows the Aphorisms of Galen , the antient great Physitian . Gallicism , the form of speech or custom of the French. Gallion ( Fr. ) a great ship of War. Gallihalpens , were a kind of Coyn forbidden by the Statute , An 3 H. 5. c. 1. Galliote ( Fr. ) a small Gally or Gally-like vessel , having twenty Oars on a side , and two or three Rowers to an Oar , much used by Turkish and Moorish Rovers . Cotg. See Brigantine . Gallant ( Fr. ) goodly , noble , vertuous . But it is now substantively applied to that person , who is Servant or Platonick to a Lady . Gallego ( Spa. ) a man of Galitia . How. Gallon ( Span. ) the same with Gallion , also a measure containing with us four quarts . Gallug , a River in Phrygia , the water whereof made men mad . Galoches ( Fr. ) wooden shoos , or patens made all of a peece , without any latchet or tye of leather , and worn in France by the poor Clowns in Winter . What our English Galoches are , and by whom worn , every one knows . Gamahez ( Arab. ) as Talismans are Images or figures made by art under certain Constellations ; So Gamahez are such figures found so wrought by nature , held to be of greater vertue , being therefore worn by some persons . Gambade ( from the Ital. Gamba , i. a leg , ) is a kind of leather instrument affixed to the Saddle in the place of Stirrops wherein we put our legs when we ride , to preserve them from dirt and cold . Gambol●s ( Fr. Gambade , stal . gamba , i a leg , because gamboles , or ( as we call them ) Christmas gamboles are properly games or tumbling tricks plaid with the legs . Gammot , an incision knife . Gammut or Gamut , the first note in Musick , from whence the whole number of notes take denomination . As the Greek Cross-row is called Alphabet from the two first letters , Alpha and Beta . Ganching ( from the Fr. Ganchè ) is a form of putting Offenders to death in Turky , which is to let them fall from on high , upon hooks or stakes pointed with iron , and there to hang till they dye , by the anguish of their wounds , or more miserable famine . Gangick , of or pertaining to Ganges a great River in India Oriental , the breadth of it being in the narrowest place eight , in the broadest twenty miles , and the depth never less then a hundred foot . Heyl. Gang-week . See Rogation week . Gangreen ( gangraena ) dead flesh in the body of a botch , an eating Ulcer that will quickly infect all the body . Gantlope ( Ghent Lope ) a punishment of Souldiers , haply first invented at Ghent , or Gant in Flanders , and therefore so called ; or it may be derived from the Dutch gaen looper , i. to take ones heels or run ; and Lope in Dutch signifies running ; for the Offendor is to run through the whole Regiment with his upper part naked , and every fellow-Soldier to have a whip at him , &c. Ganymede ( Ganymedes ) the name of a Trojan Boy , whom Jupiter so loved ( say the Poets ) as he took him up to Heaven , and made him his Cup-bearer . Hence any Boy , loved for carnal abuse , or hired to be used contrary to Nature , to commit the detestable sin of Sodomy , is called a Ganymede , or Ingle . Garbe ( Ital garbo ) comeliness , gracefulness , or good fashion ; Also a sharp or piquant taste , applied of late to Wine or Beer , that has a kind of pleasing piquantness in its relish . Gargarize ( gargarizo ) to garble or wash the mouth and throat . Gargarism ( gargarismus ) a liquid potion to wash the mouth and throat with , which is not suffered to go down , but to bubble up and down the throat . Gargantua , great throat ; Garganta in Spanish signifies a throat ; It is usually taken for some feigned Giant or Monster . Garamantick ( Garamanticus ) belonging to Garamus a King of Lybia . Gardmanget ( Fr. ) a Sellar or Store-house , where meat is kept . Garnish or Garnishment ( from the French Garnir , i to provide , furnish , fill with ) it is commonly taken for a certain Fee or quantity of good liquor which Prisoners either give their follow Prisoners or else their Keepers at their first admittance into Prison . The word properly signifies a furnishing , storing , or supplying , and sometimes a giving assurance . Garnishee is the party in whose hands money is attached , and so used in the Sheriff of Londons Court. Garnison ( Fr. ) store of furniture , provision , preparation . Garrulity ( garrulitas ) babling , busie talking , or overmuch prating . Garrulous ( garrulosus ) ever chatting , full of talk . Garter King at Arms , the chief of the three Kings at Arms , the other are called Clarentius and Norroy ; this Garter was instituted and created by Henry the fifth . Stows Ann. p. 584. See Harold . Gasper , one of the three Wise-men which came from the East to worship our Saviour , vulgarly called the three Kings of Collen . See Balthazar . It is also an usual Christian name among us . Gastrimythe ( Gr. ) a belly-God . Gastroclite ( gastroclites ) he that gets his living by handy-craft . Gastremarcy ( gastromantia ) divination by the belly . Gastrotomy , The Section or cutting up of the belly . Gaudiloquen● ( gaudiloquens ) he that speaks with joy . Gaudy or Grand days . In the Inns of Court there are four of these in the year , that is , one in every Term , viz. Ascention day in Easter Term , Midsummer day in Trinity Term , All Saints day in Michaelmas Term , and Candlemas day in Hillary Term ; these four are no days in Court , and on these days double Commons are allowed , and Musick on all Saints , and Candlemas day , as the first and last of Christmas . The Etymology of the word may be taken from Judge Gawdy , who ( as some affirm ) was the first institutor of those days , or rather from gaudium , because ( to say truth ) they are days of joy , as bringing good cheer to the hungry Students . In Colledges they are most commonly called Gaudy , in Inns of Court Grand days , and at Court they were called Coller days . See Coller days . Gav●lkind , a custom whereby every son or heir male inherits a portion alike in his Ancestors estate , and is derived of three Sax. words , gif● , cal , cyn , that is , given to all the kin , quasi , omnibus Cognatione proximis data haereditas . Dodd . Or rather from gafel , i. tributum , pensio , and cynd , genus , conditio . Gaulonitee ( Gaulonitae ) were a certain Faction or Sect among the Jews , and had name from one Judas , who was called Judas Gaulonites , sometimes Judas Galilaeus , of whom Gamaliel speaks Act. 5.37 . he and his followers opposed the tribute raised by Cyrcenius , under Augustus . Joseph . Antiq. Gawgeor , An Officer having Authority to give a mark of allowance to all Tuns , Hogsheads , Pipes , Barrels , &c. of Wine , Oyl , Honey and Butter , before they ought to be sold ; it comes from the Fr. Gawger , i. a Gager or Measurer of Casks , &c. Of this Office see the Stat. 27. E. 3. c. 8. Gazel ( Gr. ) a certain Venetian Coyn scarce worth our farthing ; Also a Bill of news or short relation of the general occurrences of the time , forged most commonly at Venice , and thence dispersed every moneth into most parts of Christendom . Cotgr. Gazul , All Egypt where the Nile arrives not , is nothing but a whitish Sand bearing no grass , but two little weeds called Suhit and Gazul , which burnt to ashes , and conveyed to Venice , make the finest Christal glasses . Sir H. Blunt in his Levant . Voyage . Gebaltark or Gebaltarec ( corruptly call'd the Streights of Gibralthar ) scituate in the Mediterranean Sea , on the north side whereof stood Mount Calpe , on the south mount Abila , on which Hercules , placed his so memorized Pillars , with this inscription , Nil ultra . The name comes from Gebal , which in Arabick signifies a Mountain , and Tarec the son of Abdalla , who having transported his Barbarians over the Streight , secured his Army with the natural fortifications of the place . Gehenna , Properly signifies a place in a valley , in the Tribe of Benjamin , terrible for two sorts of fires in it ; that wherein the Israelites sacrificed their children to the Idol Moloch ; Secondly for another fire there continually burning , to consume the dead carcasses and filth of Jerusalem ; Hence it was a type of Hell fire , and more usually taken for hell it self . David Kimchi , Psal . 27.13 . Geideor Gelt ( Dutch ) money or tribute . Gelid ( gelidus ) cold as ice , frosty . Gelicide ( gelicidium ) a frost . Gelidity ( geliditas ) coldness , frostiness . Gement ( gemens ) groaning , lamenting . Geminate ( gemino ) to double , to increase . Gemineis ( Gemini ) twins , pairs , matches , or likes . Gemites , a kind of precious stone , qui veluti candidas manus inter se complexas habet . Gemote , the Hundred-Court . See Sir Richard Bakers Chronicle , fol. 38. Gemmated ( gemmatus ) set or bedecked with precious stones . Gemmery , a Jewel-house or place to keep Gemms in , a Cabinet . Gemmiferous ( gemmifer ) that beareth or brings precious stones . Gemmosity ( gemmositas ) abundance of precious stones . Gemony ( gemoniae scalae ) a place in Rome where condemned persons were cast down by a pair of stairs headlong into the River Tibet . Tacitus . Gend-atme ( Fr. ) a man of Arms , a horseman armed at all points , one that serves in compleat armor , and on a great horse . Genealogy ( genealogia ) a description of ones linage , stock or pedegree . Generative ( generativus ) ingendring , of an ingendring faculty or breeding power . Generical ( from Genus ) pertaining to a Kindred , stock , kind , or gender , or to the beginning of ones birth . Generosity ( generositas ) nobleness of minde , gentleman-like courage . Genesis ( Gr. ) a generation . The first Book of Moses is so called in Greek and Latin , because it declares the Creation and Generation of all things . In Hebrew it is bereschith , i. in principio , and took its name from the first words of the first Chapter of the said Book , as do many other books of the Old Testament . Min. Genethliacal ( genethliacus ) pertaining to the casting of Nativities . Genethlialogy ( genethlialogia ) telling or casting of Nativities . Genethliaques , casters of mens fortunes by the day or hour of their birth ; or books treating of that subject . Genial ( genialis ) full of mirth : pertaining to marriage ; the marriage-bed was of old called the Génial-bed , quasi Genital-bed . Genital ( genitalis ) serving to engender , or for breed . Genitals ( genitale ) the privy members of any creature . Genitive ( genitivus ) natural ingendring , of an ingendring faculty , that hath power to ingender . Genitor ( Lat. ) a Father , a beginner , a begetter ; also the stones of man or beast . Genius ( Lat. ) a good or evil Angel , the spirit of man , nature it self , natural inclination . Genii , were supposed to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and Pararii , Brokers , as it were , between men and the gods , or rather Interpreters , & Salutigeruli , Messengers between of a middle nature betwixt the one and the other . Coelius Rho. l. 2. c. 3. But according to Empedocles , each one was thought to have his Angel from the very day of Nativity , to whom they used to sacrifice on their birth day , as to their Guardian ; also every place had their peculiar Genii , and then they were called Lares , as Rurales and Permarini , in Livie . Gentilitious Gentilitial ( gentilitius ) that pertains to a stock ; an use or property taken from ancestors ; of the same kindred . Gentil ( gentilis ) among the Jews all were Gentiles that were not of one of the Twelve Tribes : Now commonly we call them Gentiles that profess not the faith of Christ . Gentilesse ( Fr. ) Gentry , Gentility , Nobility . Gentilism ( gentilismus ) the opinion or belief of the Gentiles ; Paganism , Heathenishness . Gentleman ( generosus ) seems to be compounded of two words , the one French ( gentile , i. honestus , vel honesto loco natus ; ) the other Saxon mon , as if you would say , a man well born . The Italian follows the very word , calling those Gentil-homini , whom we call Gentlemen . Genuflexion ( genuflexi ) the bowing of the knee . Genuine ( genuinus ) proper , peculiar , natural . Genus ( Lat. ) the beginning of ones birth ; a kindred , stock , linage ; a kind or fashion , &c. a Gender . Also a term in Logick ; And it is the first of the five Predicables ; When the Predicate comprehends the full Answer to a Question , 't is called a Species ; but if it onely contains a part , so that other common considerations are comprehended under it , it is called a Genus . See Mr. Whites Perip . Institutions , p. 17. Geodesie ( geodaesia ) the art of measuring Land. Geodesian ( geodaetes ) a measurer of Land. Geography ( geographia ) is a description of the earth by her parts and their limits , scituations , Inhabitants , Cities , Rivers , fertility , and observable matters , with all other things annexed thereunto . Heyl. Geographiae proprium est unam & continuam terram cognitam ostendere quemadmodum se habeat naturâ & positione . Ptolemie . Geographer ( geographus ) a describer of the earth . Geomantie ( geomantia ) divination by points and circles made on the earth , or by opening the earth . Geometry ( geometria ) an art of due proportion , consisting in Lineaments , Forms , Distances , and Greatness : there are four Principles hereof , to wit , 1. A prick or point . 2. A Line . 3. A Superficies or outside . 4. A Body . It hath properly the name from measuring the earth , being first found out in Aegypt , and was of great estimation among the Antient Grecians . Geometrician ( geometres ) one skilful in Geometry . Geometrical ( geometricus ) pertaining to Geometry . To Geometrize , to play the Geometrician , to hold a due proportion , to observe order . Geoponical ( from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) of or belonging to Husbandry and Tillage . Georgians , A Sect of pernicious Hereticks , so called from one David George , born at Delft in Holland ; he held that the Law and Gospel were unprofitable for the attaining Heaven , &c , That he was the true Christ and Messias , &c. with other such damnable Tenets , he died in the year , 1556. Heyl. Also a sott of Christians , inhabiting a Country called Georgia , lying between Colchos , Caucasus , the Caspian Sea and Armenia , heretofore Iberia and Albania ; they are so called not of St. George ( as some write ) their selected Patron , but of their said Country , so named long before the time wherein he is supposed to have lived ; yet they bear much reverence to this St. George , the Cappadocian Martyr ( the same whom the Knights of the Garter have formerly so much honored in England ) always carrying his image in their Standards , &c. These in some points of their Religion , agree with the Roman Catholicks , but in others they follow the Grecians ; they have a Metropolitan of their own , for their spiritual guide , whom they obey most punctually , and who has his seat on Mount Sina , in the Cloyster of St. Katherine the Virgin Martyr . Sands . Georgicks ( Georgica ) books entreating of the tillage of the earth . Gerah , was the least silver Coyn among the Hebrews , it is valued of ours 1 d. ob . Exod. 30.13 . Gerent ( gerens ) bearing or carrying . Germanity , ( germanitas ) brotherhood . Germinat●on ( germinitio ) a springing or budding . Gerone . See Gyron . Gertrude or Gartrude ( a womans name ) compounded of the old Saxon Gar , i. All ; and trude , i. Truth or Troth ; for [ d ] was sometimes by our Ancestors indifferently used instead of [ th ] So that Gertrude , is as much as All truth . Verstegan . Gerunds of Verbs ( Gerundia ) à gerenda duplici significatione , nempe activa & passiva sub una voce , &c. Min. Gests ( gesta ) noble acts of Princes or people ; Exploits . Gestation ( gestatio ) a bearing or carrying . Vul. Er. Gesticulate ( gesticulo ) to use much gesture , to make signs of mirth ; also to dance by measures . Gesticulation ( gesticulatio ) a representing any man by countenance , hands or other parts of the body . Gestion ( gestio ) a doing of a thing . Geules , a term among Heralds , and signifies a Vermilion colour . Gewgawes , trifles , See Gugaw . Gibralter . See Gebaltark . Gibbosity ( gibbositas ) crookedness of the back or shoulders ; bunchedness . Gibbous ( gibber ) that hath a crooked back , hog-backed , bunch-backed . Vul. Err. Gigantomachy ( gigantomachia ) the fighting or warring of Gyants . Gigantine ( from Gigas , antis ) of or pertaining to a Gyant , or as big as a Gyant . Gig-mills , were Mills used in the Fulling of cloth , which with iron cards are prohibited by the Statutes of 3. Ed. 6.2 . 5 Ed. 6.22 . Gigot ( Fr. ) a minced meat mingled with Sewet , a Hache . Gilbertines , a Religious Order begun by one Gilbert at Terington and Sempringham in Lincolnshire , about the year of Christ 1148. Pol. Vir. This Gilbert lived to see 13 Monasteries and 1700 persons of his Order in England ; he was Canonized by Pope Innocent the third . And commemoration is made of him on the 13 of October . Nova leg . S.S. Ang. fol. 167. Gild ( Sax. Gildan , i. solvere ) signifies a tribute or payment , and sometimes an amercement ; or thirdly a fraternity or company combined together by Orders and Laws made among themselves by the Princes Licence . And Gildhal is conceived to be so called , there being a fraternity or Commonalty of men gathered into one combination , supporting their common charge by a mutual contribution . Gildable , Mr. Camden , pag. 349. dividing Suffolk into three parts , calls the first Gildable , because tribute is thence gathered . Gimlet ( Fr. Gimbelet ) a piercer to broach a vessell with ; such as Butlers and Tapsters use . Gippon ( Fr. ) a short coat or Cassock , some corruptly call it a Jump . Gipsony ( from gipsum ) belonging to lime or plaister . Girasole , a precious stone of the kinde of Opsals , that yeelds an eye-like lustre , which way soever you turn it , unless it be towards the Sun , and then it casts forth beams like the Sun. Girle , a Row Buck of two years . Gitomantie ( Gr. ) Divination by Circles . Gisarmes . An. 13. E. 1. Stat. 3. cap. 6. is a kind of weapon . Fleta writes it Sisarmes l. 1. cap. 24. I take it ought rather to be written Bisarmes , a double weapon or a weapon with two pikes . Min. Giste ( Fr. ) a Bed , Couch , lodging place to lie on or rest in ; hence came the Gists of the Kings Progress , that is , a writing containing the names of the houses or Towns where the King or Prince intended to lye or rest every night through his progress . Gisting . See Agist . Glacial ( glacialis ) where ice is , freezing , cold . Glaciate ( glacio ) to congeal or freeze , to turn to ice . Gladiator ( Lat. ) a sword-player , a Master of Fence . Gladiature ( gladiatura ) the feat of fighting with swords . Glandiferous ( glandifer ) bearing Mast . Glandage ( Fr. ) Mast ; also Mastage , the season of turning hogs into the woods ; the feeding of hogs by Mast . Glandulous ( glandulosus ) full of kernels , kernelly . Glaibe ( Brit. ) a weapon like a Halberd , a Hook or Bill . Glandulosity , fulness of kernels . Vul. Err. Glaucitate ( glaucito ) to cry like a whelp . Glebe Land ( from Gleba , a turff or peece of eath ) is that Land , meadow or Pasture which belongs to a Parsonage , besides the Tythe . Glebosity ( glebositas ) fulness of clods or turffs . Glede ( Sax. ) a burning coal ; also a Kite so called . Glister ( Glyster ) a liquor made sometime with sodden flesh , sometime with decoction of herbs or other things , which by a Pipe is conveyed into the lower parts of the body . It is written , that the use hereof was first learned from a bird in Egypt called Ibis , much like a Stork , which bird doth often with her bill , open her hinder parts , when nature her self doth not expel what is needful . Bull. Globosity ( globositas ) roundness like a Globe . Globular , Round , like a Globe , Bac. Glome ( glomus ) a clue or bottom of thread , Rel. Med. Glomerate ( glomero ) to wind round , to assemble , to gather or heap round together . Glomerous ( glomerosus ) round as a bottom , swarmed together . Glossator ( Lat. ) a Glosser or Interpreter , one that writes a Gloss or Comment upon a Text. Glossomatical ( gloss●maticus ) that makes a Comment or Gloss upon a book or text . Glossographer ( glossographus ) he that interprets strange words . Glutinate ( glutino ) to glew or joyn together . Glutinosity ( glutinositas ) gluiness , clamminess . Gnarity ( gnaritas ) experience , skilfulness . Gnathonical ( gnathonicus ) flattering , deceitful in words ; soothing ones humor to get by him . Gnathonize , to play the smel-feast , to flatter . Gnavity ( gnavitas ) activity , lustiness , quickness . Gnomical ( from gnoma ) pertaining to measure . Gnomological , pertaining to the art of Dialling . Gnosticks , a Sect of Hereticks ( their first , according to the more common opinion , was Carpocras ) sprung about the year of Christ 125. in time of Pope Xistus the first , and the Emperor Adrian the first ; they arrogated to themselves a high degree of skill and knowledge in all things , and therefore were called Gnostici , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , cognitio ; they were also called Borboritae or Borboriani for abominable foul practises they had among them : They held the soul of man to be of Gods substance ; they held two Gods , one good , the other bad ; they denied the future judgement , so to gain more liberty to their vices , and progress to their Doctrine , with other absurd errors . Gnomonick ( gnomonice ) the art of Dyalling ; consisting in the knowledge of the scituation , lying , or measure of any place or Country . Gobonated , a term in Heraldry , when a Bordure is so divided into two colours , as if it were cut into small Gobbets . God-bote ( Sax. ) a fine or amerciament for crimes and offences against God ; also an Ecclesiastical or Church fine . Goetie ( goetia ) the Black Art ; Divellish Magick or Witchcraft . Gog and Magog . Gog by interpretation of the Hebrew word is tectus , covered ; and Magog is uncovered . In Scripture by Gog and Magog are understood certain Nations , ( some Expositors take them to be the Aquilonar Scythians , Iberiads , and Muscovites ) or Princes that with their Nations shall more fiercely then other concur with Antichrist in persecuting the Church of Christ . Ezek. 38.39 Rev. 20.8 . To be a Gog. See Gogue . Gogo a Gogo ( Fr. ) with full contentment or his belly full . Gogue ( Fr. ) a sheeps panch , &c. To be a Gogue , is to be frolick , lively , or in a merry mood . Golden number , a number which changeth every year , by adding one to the Golden number of the year going before , until it grow as high as Nineteen , and then the Golden number returns to one again . For example , This year 1659 the Golden number is seven , the next year therefore it will be eight , &c. This Golden number was devised to find out the Feast of Easter . See Cycle . Golden-Jeece , The Gold in grains , which is found in Rivers and purling Brooks , they used in some parts to gather with the help of sheep-skins , that had the wooll on them , &c. from which manner of trying or finding gold , the Fable of the Golden-fleece was invented , which Jason and his Argonautes sailed for to Pontus , and was nothing else but a robbing the Colchians of that gold which they had found out and gathered , with such Wool-skins . First part of the Treasury of Times . Golgotha ( Syriac ) a place of dead mens skuls . It was at Jerusalem on the North side of Mount Sion , and so called , because there lay the skuls of offenders put to death . A Gol●e ( Spa. ) at a blow ; also a slash . Cabala . Gomer , a Hebrew measure , containing our Gallon and almost a Pint. The Israelites when they were fed from Heaven with Manna in the Desart , received every one this measure full , for a days allowance . Gomorrhean ( from Gomorrha ) a Sodomite , a Buggerer . Gondolot or Gondola , A Venetian Wherry-boat . Gonorrhea ( Gr. ) a disease called the running of the Reins ; the flux of natural seed of man or woman unwittingly . Gord ( Fr. Gourd , Lat. Gurges ) a Whirl-pool , or deep hole in a River or other waters . Gordian knot , is a knot which cannot be loosed : The phrase ariseth from this old story . Gordius ( a King of Phrygia Major ) being raised from the Plow to the Scepter , placed the furniture of his Wain and Oxen in the Temple of Apollo tied in such a knot , that the Monarchy of the world was promised to him that could untye it : which when Alexander had long tried , and could not do , he cut it with his sword . Heyl. Gorgon ( Gr. ) a terrible fighting woman . Poets feign there were three such , daughters to King Phorchus , their names were Medusa , Schenio , and Euryale . Gormand ( Fr. Gourmand ) a Glutton , great-eater , a belly-god . Gormandize ( Fr. Gourmander ) to ravine , devoure , glut , or gluttonize it . Gospel ( from the Saxon Godspel ) is compounded of God and Spel , the word God among the Saxons signifying good , as well as God , and no difference being discernable in the writing of these two words among them ; unless , when t is taken for God , it has an ( e ) after it . ( Spel ) seems to signifie ( word or mystical speech ) among the Saxons , as when Bigspel ( Deut. 28.37 . ) signifies a by-word or Proverb , or ( as it is used in the North ) By-spel . Some remains of the use of this word are still among us , as when a Charm , carmen , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , indifferently a verse or word , one or more lines of Scripture or otherwise , either spoken or written , and hung about ones neck , on design to drive away a disease ( according to the superstitious beleef and practice of some of our Ancestors ) is still called a Spel , from the antient use of it , as in Propertius , ( Sunt verba & voces , quibus hunc lenire dolorem Possis — ) So this word Godspel and by Euphony , Gospel , signifies the word of God ; the mystical speech or good tydings , delivered first by an Angel , after by the Evangelists , &c. Dr. Hammonds Annotat. p. 3. Gossip ( from the Sax. Godsib ) our Christian Ancestors ( understanding a spiritual affinity to grow between the Parents and such as undertook for the Child at Baptism ) called each other by the name of Godsib , which is as much to say , as they were Sib together , that is , of Kin through God , or a Cousen before God ; And the child in like manner called such his God-Fathers or God-Mothers , &c. Verst . Gossymeare or Gossomor ( Sax. ) the white and cobweb-like exhalations , which fly abroad in hot sunny weather . Chaucer . Gourd , a kind of plant , not much unlike a Cucumber . Gracility ( gracilitas ) leanness , smalness , slenderness . Graces ( Charites ) three Sisters Poetically supposed the Daughters of Jupiter and Venus : They were called Aglaia , Thalia , and Euphrosyne : The moral was , to express the mutual love , and chearful conversation , which ought to be among friends ; for they were painted naked , to signifie friendship ought to be plain without dissimulation ; smiling and merry , to shew men should do good willingly ; young , and maiden-like , to teach , friendship should consist in honest things ; and holding hands together in a round ring , to shew a benefit bestowed , returns again to the giver . Gradatorie ( Gradatorium ) the space containing the ascent out of the Cloyster into the Quire of a Church or Religious house , was so termed : Also any place , whereto we ascend by steps or degrees . Gradual ( graduale ) that part of the Mass which was said or sung between the Epistle and the Gospel , as a grade or step from the first to the later , signifying that the profession of a Christian is to be ascending from the Epistle to the Gospel , from the doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles to that of Christ ; from one degree of vertue to another . Gradual Psalms , are fifteen Psalms so called , that is , those fifteen together from the 118. to 133. or from the 119. to 134. they are so called from a custom the Jews observed of singing them , as they ascended up those fifteen steps or stairs ( in Latin gradus ) which were between the womens Court and the mens of Solomons Temple , upon which steps the Levites sung those fifteen Psalms , on each step a Psalm . Rab. Da. Kim . Ps . 120. Graduality that by which a thing is constituted intrinsecally , in the being Gradual . Graduate ( Graduatus ) he that hath taken degree of learning in an University . Gradation ( gradatio ) a going by degrees as up stairs . Gramineal ( gramineus ) of grass ; green . Graminous ( graminosus ) overgrown with grass . Granadil ( granadillo Spa. ) a little Pomegranate , the diminutive of granado . Granado ( Span. ) a Pomegranate , an Apple filled with delicious grains ; there is also a warlike Engin that being filled with Gunpowder and other materials is wont to be shot out of a wide mouthed peece of Ordnance , and is called a Granado , for the likeness it hath with the other Granado in fashion , and being fully stuffed as the other Granado is , though the materials are very different . Grand days . See Gaudy-days Grandevity ( grandaevitas ) great age , antiquity . Grandeza ( Span. in Ital. Grandezza ) bigness , greatness , largeness , magnificence , great state . Grandiloquence ( grandiloquentia ) stately eloquence ; high stile . Grandiloquent ( grandiloquus ) that useth great words ; that hath a high stile . Grandimoniensers , an order of religious persons , begun by Steven of Avern in Aquitane or Guyen about the year of our Lord 1076. under Pope Alexander the Second , and had their title of the mountain where their Abbey stood . Pol. Vir. Grandinous ( grandinosus ) full of hail , subject to hail . Grandity , ( granditas ) excessive greatness . Grand Sergeantie , is in our Common Law , where one holds Lands of the King by service , which he ought to do in his own person , as to bear the Kings Banner , or his Spear , &c. See Littl. tit . Serg. Grange ( à grana gerendo ) is a great Farm , not onely where corn is laid up , but where are Stables for Horses , Stals for Oxen , and other Cattel , Styes for Hogs , and other things necessary for Husbandry . Linw. These did of old belong to Religious Houses , and the Overseer thereof was called Prior of the Grange . Granite ( Ital. ) a kind of speckled stone or marble very common at Milan , and other parts of Italy . Graniferous ( granifer ) that beareth grains or kernels . Granivorous ( from Granum and vorans ) that eats or devours grain or corn . Graphical ( graphicus ) cunningly wrought , perfect , excellent . Granule ( dim . of granum ) a little grain , or Barly corn . Grassation ( grassatio ) a robbing , killing , assailing . Grateolent ( grateolens ) well savouring , smelling pleasantly . Gratification ( gratificatio ) a gratifying , or the doing a pleasure , in lieu of a pleasure done . Gratis ( Lat. ) freely , without reward or desert . Gratulate ( gratulor ) to rejoyce and be glad in ones behalf , to thank . Grav● ( Belg. ) a Lord or Ruler , an Earl. Sax. Gerefa . Graveolence ( graveolentia ) an evil smell , a stinking savour . Graveolent ( graveolens ) that has an ill savour or smell . Gravidity ( graviditas ) greatness with child , or with young . Gravid ( gravidus ) great with childe or young . Graviloquence ( graviloquentia ) a grave speech , or a speaking gravely . Greaves ( Fr. Greves ) boots ; or armor for the legs . Grecians ( Graeci ) are used by St. Paul to signifie all the Heathen people , and stand in opposition with Hebrews , in the General acception containing both the Grecists or dispersed Hebrews , and also those of Palestina ; the Grecists were both by birth and religion Hebrews , standing in opposition with Hebrews , in the strict acception , taken for those of Palaestina . Moses and Aaron . Grecism ( graecismus ) the form or speech , or custom of the Grecians . Greek Church differs from the Roman Catholick . 1. Denying the Holy Ghost to proceed from the Father and the Son. 2. Denying Purgatory , but praying for the dead . 3. Beleeving that holy men enjoy not the presence of God before the Resurrection . 4. Communicating in both kinds ; but using leavened bread , and mingling warm water with wine , which both together they destribute with a spoon . 5. Receiving children of seven years old to the Sacrament , because then they begin to sin . 6. Forbidding extream Unction , Confirmation , and fourth Marriages . 7. Admitting none to Orders , but such as are married , and prohibiting marriage to them that are actually in Orders . 8. Rejecting carved Images , but admitting the painted . 9. Observing four Lents in the year . 10. Reputing it unlawful to fast on Saturdays . So Heylin . But others relate the differences to be otherwise , as may be seen in Authors that write thereof . Grees● or Grise ( gradus ) a stair , step , or degree . Gregal ( gregalis ) of the same flock or company , common . Gregorian , a Cap of hair ; so called from one Gregory , a Barber in the Strand that first made them in England . Gregorian Accompt so called from Pope Gregory the thirteenth . See Julian Accompt . Gremial Gremious ( gremiosus ) pertaining to the lap or bosom . Griffe-Graffe ( Fr. ) by hook or by crook , catch that catch may , any way . Grilliade ( Fr. ) a broiled mess , or meat boiled on a Grid-iron . Grithbreach , Is a breach of peace , for Grith is a word of the old Angles or Saxons , signifying peace , Roger Hoveden . par . poster . suorum annal . fol. 346. b. Grobianism ( Fr. ) slovenliness , unmannerly parts or precepts . Cotg. A Groop ( minthorium ) a dunging or pissing place . Gromatick ( gromaticus ) pertaining to the art of casting out the ground for the Quarters , fortifying the Camp , and chusing places of advantage in the field . Grotesques ( Fr. from the Ital. Grotesca ) pictures , wherein ( as please the Painter ) all kind of odd things are represented , without any peculiar sence or meaning , but onely to please the eye Hence taken for any rude mis-shapen thing . Grot ( from the Ital. Grota ) a Cave . Groveling , lying on the face . Grouppade ( Fr. ) a certain lofty mannage , which must be beaten with a lively and setled measure , the turn being more wide , and the horses hinder parts more raised , then in an ordinary Curvet . Grumosity ( grumositas ) fulness of clods or lumps . Grumous ( from Grumus ) that is full of clots or Hillocks . Gryffen or Gryffon ( Gryps ) a strange Bird ( as some ancient Authors affirm ) with four feet , armed with cruel claws , being from the brest upward fashioned like an Eagle , but of purple colour , with red fiery eies , and whitish wings , and in the hinder part black , made much like a Lyon . This Bird nests in the high mountains , and is exceeding hard to be taken , except very young , for he will adventure on any man , and is so fierce , that he often kills Elephants ; he is most enemy to horses ; for which cause Virgil in his eighth Eclog. brings in the shepherd Damon , who wondred at a strange Marriage , speaking thus ; Junguntur jam Gryphes Equis — But modern Authors , as Aldrovandus , Michovius , and others say there is no such Animal extant . Vul. Err. fol. 129. Guadsane , a River in Spain which runs under ground the space of fifteen miles : Hence the Spaniards brag that they have a Bridge whereon 10000 cattel daily feed . Hist . of Spain . Guastaliens , an order of Religious People , consisting both of men and women , and instituted the year 1537. by the Countess of Guastala , a Mantuan Lady . Cotg. Gubernator ( Lat. ) a Master of a ship , a Guide , a Ruler . Gugh● ( from the Hebr. Gnugabh ) a Jews Harp or trifle for children to play with . Guerdon ( Fr. ) recompence , reward , remuneration . Guidon ( Fr. ) a Standard , Ensign or Banner , under which a Troop of men of Arms serve ; Also he that bears it . Gules . See Geules . Gule , or Yule of August , ( may come from the Brit. Gwil , i. festum , or from the Lat. jubilum ) the first day of August , called in old Almanacks St. Peter advincula , and in our later Almanacks , Lammas day . An. 27. E. 3. Stat. 3. cap. unico . Fitz. nat . br . fo . 62.1 called Gule of August , alias Goule de August . ● . Plow . casu Mines , fo . 316. b. It is the very day of St. Peter ad vincula , which was wont and is still , within the limits of the Roman Catholick Church , celebrated upon the very Calends of August . It is by some conjectured that Gule comes of the Latin Gula , or the Fr. Gueule , the throat . The reason of this conjecture is ( in Durands rationali divinor . l. 7. ca. de festo S. Petri ad vincula ) That one Quirinus a Tribune , having a Daughter who had a disease in her throat , went to Alexander then Pope of Rome , the sixth from St. Peter , and desired him to borrow or see the chains that St. Peter was chained with under Nero : which request obtained , his said Daughter kissing the said Chains , was cured of her disease , and Quirinus , with his family were baptized . Tun● dictus Alexander Papa ( saith Durand ) hoc festum in Calendis Augusti celebrandum ●instituit , & in honorem beati Petri Ecclesiam in urbe fabricavit , ubi vincula ipse reposuit , & ad vincula nominavit , & Calendis Augusti dedicavit . In qua festivitate , populus illic ipsa vincula hodiè osculatur . So that this day being before called onely the Calends of August , was upon this occasion afterwards termed indifferently , either of the instrument that wrought this miracle , St. Peters day ad vincula , or of that part of the Maiden , whereon the miracle was wrought , the Gule of August . See Lammas day . Gulosity ( gulositas ) gluttony . Gulph ( sinus ) is a part of the Sea , insinuating and embosoming it self within the land , or between two several lands ; As the Gulph of Venice , the Persian Gulf , the Red Sea , Sinus Mexicanus , Vermilius , Gangeticus . Gurgitate ( gurgito ) to swallow or devour . Gurgitive ( gurgitivus ) belonging to a Gulph or stream . Guttulous ( guttosus ) pertaining to or full of drops . Gust ( gustus ) the sence of tasting , a taste . Guttural ( from guttur ) pertaining to the throat . Gultwit , seems to be compounded of Gult , i. noxa , and wit , a termination of words in the Saxon tongue , signifying nothing in it self , but as dome or hood , Christendom , Childhood , Manhood , &c. Others say , and it is true , that wit signifies blame or reprehension . Gultwit ( as Saxon in his description of England , ca. 11. interprets it ) is an amends for trespass . Gustation ( gustatio ) a tasting or smacking ; also a little knowledge of , or experience in . Gustatory ( gustatorium ) a place where men were wont to banquet . Guidage ( guidagium ) is that which is given for safe conduct through a strange territory ; Cassanaeus de consuetud . Burgun . p. 119. whose words are these , Est Guidagium quod datur alicui , ut tuto conducatur per loca alterius . Guzes , The ball of the eye ; a term in Heraldry . Gyges Ring ; Gyges was King of Lydia , and his Ring said to have this property , that being on the finger , and turned to the inside of the hand , the wearer went invisible ; but turning it to the outside , then he was visible again , as before . Plat. in lib. de Repub. will tell you how Gyges came by this Ring . Gymnase ( gymnasium ) a place of all kind of exercise , either of body or mind , a School , a Colledge , or Hall in an University . Gymnastick ( gymnasticus ) belonging to the place of wrestling or other exercise , which was performed naked . Gymnasticks , books treating of Exercise . Gymnasiarch ( gymnasiarcha ) the head Master of the place where Champions did exercise ; also the chief Master of a School . Gymnosophists ( gymnosophistae , from gymnos , naked , and sophos , wisdom ) certain Philosophers in India that went always naked , and lived solitary in woods and desarts , feeding on herbs , the first beginner of which Sect was ( as St. Hierome reports , Cont. Jovinian . ) called Buddus . These Gymnosophists were to the Indians , as the Druides to the Brittans , and are by them called Brachmans . See Brachmans . Strabo says there were two kind of Gymnosophists , one dwelling in Desarts , &c. termed Hermanes ; The other frequented Kings Courts , Cities , &c. and were called Brachmans . Gynecocraty or Gynecretic , feminine Rule or Authority , the Government of a woman . Gypsation ( gypsatio ) a plaistering or pargetting . Gyre ( gyrus ) a circuit or compass , a cariere ; a bound or end of a course or race . Gyration ( gyratio ) a turning about , or dizziness . H HAbeas Corpus , is a Writ , which a man , ( indicted of some trespass before Justices of Peace , or in a Court of any Franchize , and upon his apprehension being laid in prison for the same ) may have out of the Upper Bench , thereby to remove himself thither at his own costs , and to answer the Cause there , &c. Fitz nat . br . fo . 250. h. Habergion or Haubergion ( Fr. the diminutive of Hauber ) a little coat of Mail , or onely Sleeves and Gorget of Mail. It is used in Scripture , Rev. 19.9 . Habilitation , a making of one able or capable . Bac. Habitiment ( Fr. ) apparel , cloathing , array , attire ; Also Armor or Harness . Habit ( habitus ) the outward attire of the body , whereby one person is distinguished from another ; a● the Habit of a Gentleman is different from that of a Merchant , and the Habit of a Handy-crafts-man from both . Sometimes it signifies a quality or constitution in the body or mind , not natural , but gotten by long custom or infused by God : As an Orator still exercised in making Orations , has gotten a habit of eloquent speaking . And the holy Apostles had a habit to understand and speak languages without study . Bull. Habitable ( habitabilis ) that may be inhabited or dwelt in . Habitacle ( habitaculum ) a dwelling place , or habitation . Habitual ( habitus ) grown to a habit by long custom , customary . Habitude ( habitudo ) the habit , state , or disposition of the body , custom , use . Hach , Hachis or Hac●ee ( Fr. ) a dish made ordinarily of cold meat cut in little peeces , and stewed or boyled on a Chaffing-dish with crums of Bread , Wine , Vinegar , sliced Nutmeg , and Orange pills . Cotg. Hagard ( Fr. ) wilde , strange , froward , unsociable . A Hagard Faulcon , a Faulcon that preyed for her self before she was taken . See Ramage . Haggs ( flammae lambentes ) are made of sweat or some other vapor , issuing out of the head ; a not unusual sight among us , when we ride by night in the Summer time : They are extinguished , like flames , by shaking the horse Mains ; But I beleeve rather it is onely a vapour reflecting light , but fat and sturdy , compacted about the Mains of horses or mens hairs . Per. Institutions , p. 149. Hagiographer ( Hagiographus ) he that writes holy things . S. Wa. Ra. Hail to you , or all Hail to you , a Saxon word , ab all , i. omnis and heile , i. sanitas vel salus , and so is as much as all health to you . Halcyon ( Gr. ) a kind of small Bird called by some a Kings-fisher , and breeding on the Sea-shoar about the winter solstice , which time , being about fourteen days , there is no tempest or storm . Hence t is we call peaceable or quiet times , Halcycon or Halcyonian days . Two notable properties are observed in the Nest of this Bird , which she makes with the foam of the Sea ; The first is , That the Architecture of it is so strong , so durable , that it cannot be broken , nor cut , even with the violent stroak of iron . The second , That it is so proportioned to the Bird , as if it were sewed to her body , in such manner as no creature can therein be received , but the Architect himself . Caussinus . See more in Vul. Err. p. 128. and 129. Halicuticks ( halieutica ) books treating of fishes or fishing , whereof Oppianus wrote five . Haliographie ( Gr. ) a description of the Sea. Hallage ( Fr. ) the Toll that is due to the Lord of a Fair or Market , for such commodities as are vended in the Common Hall of the place . Also a Fee due for cloathes brought for sale to Blackwel-Hall in London . Cok. vol. 9. fol. 62. b. Halleluiah . See Alleluiah . Hallucination ( hallucinatio ) a being mistaken or deceived in judgement , an error of opinion , a blindess of mind . If vision ( saith Dr. Brown ) be abolished , it is called C●ecitas or blindness ; if depraved , and receive its objects erroneously , Hallucination , &c. p. 153. Halsier ( halsiarius ) he that hales and draws a Ship or Barge along the River by a Rope or Halser . Halm● ( culmus ) the stem or stalk of the corn from the root to the ear . Halymore alias Healgemot is a Court Baron . Manwood part 1. of his Forest Laws , p. 111. And the Etymology is the meeting of the Tenants of one Hall or Mannor . Halo● or Halo ( Gr , ) a circle about the Stars , but especially about the Moon . Lo. Bacon's New Atlantis . Hal● , or to make an halt , is a term of War , and comes from the Fr. faire halte , i. to stop , stay , or make a stand or pause . Hamadryade ( hamadryades ) Nymphs of the woods . Hames of a Horse-Collar ( from the Lat. hamus , a hook ) are two crooked peeces of wood , made of purpose to compass the Horse-Collar to keep it close to the neck . Hambles , is the plural of the French ( hable ) signifying as much as a Port or Haven of the Sea. This word is used An. 27. H. 6. cap. 3. Hamkin , A pudding made upon the bones of a shoulder of Mutton , all the flesh being first taken off . Hamlet , is a diminutive of Ham , which in Saxon signifies a Town . Hause ( Fr. ) a Company , Society or Corporation of Merchants ( for so it signifies in the Book of the Ordonnances of Paris ) combined together for the good usage , and safe passage of Merchandize from Kingdom to Kingdom . This Society was , and in part yet is indued with many large priviledges of Princes , respectively within their Territories . It had four principal seats or Staples ; where the Almain or Dutch Merchants , being the erectors of it , had an especial house , one of which was here in London , called Gildhalda Teutonicorum , or in our common language the Steelyard . But in Germany we read of seventy two Hanse Towns , as Lubeck , Hambourg , Magdenbourg , &c. See more of this in Ortelius in the Index of his additament to his Theater , verbo Anciatici . Handful , Is four Inches by the Standard . An. 33. H. 8. c. 5. Hansel ( from the Brittish Honsel ) he that bestows the first money with a Tradesman , in the morning of a Fair or Market , is said to give him Handsel . Hans-en-kelder , is in Dutch , as much as Jack in a Cellar ; and by metaphor it is taken for the childe in a womans belly . Hansiatick , belonging to , or free of the Hanse Towns , or Hanse Merchants . Lustra . Lud. Haque , is a Hand-gun of about three quarters of a yard long , A. 33 H. 8. ca. 6. and A. 2. and 3. E. 6. c. 14. There is also the half Haque or demi Haque . Haquebut ( Fr. ) the same with Harquebuse ; a Caleever . An. 2 , & 3. E. 6. ca. 14. & An. 4 , & 5. Ph. & Ma. ca. 2. Harange ( Fr. Harangue ) an Oration , Declaration , or set speech . Bac. Haracana or Hero-cane ( perhaps from the Span. Arancar , to weed up or pull up by the roots ) an impetuous kind of Tempest or Whirlwind , happening in the Indies , and those remote Countries , which comes with such violence that it overturns trees by the roots , blows down houses , &c. and continues sometimes thirty days ; Mariners and Seamen stand in great fear of it at Sea ; for it infallibly wrecks their ships . And some affirm , the Devil appears often to the Pagans in these Haracanes . Mr. Herb. says it happens in some Countries but once in nine years . Hariant , A term in Heraldry , when a fish is painted standing upright . Harasse ( Fr. Harasser ) to tire or toil out , to spend or weaken , weary , or wear out ; also to vex , disquiet , &c. Hariot . See Heriot . Hariolation ( hariolatio ) a fore-telling or South-saying . Harmonical ( harmonicus ) melodious , harmonious , musical , proportionate . Harold Heralt or Herald ( Ital. Heraldo , Fr. Herault , vel quasi herus altus , a high Master ) with us it signifies an Officer at Arms , whose function is to denounce War , to proclaim Peace , or to be imployed by the King in Martial Messages or other businesses . Their Office with us is described by Polydore lib. 19. thus , Habent insuper apparitores ministros , quos Heraldos dicunt ; quorum praefectus Armorum Rex vocitatur . Hi belli & pacis nuncii , Ducibus , Comitibusque à Rege factis , insignia aptant , ac eorum funera curant . They are the Judges and Examiners of Gentlemens Arms , marshal all the solemnities at the Coronation of Princes , manage Combats , and such like . There is also one and the same use with us and with the French Nation . See Lupanus cap Heraldi . With us the three cheif are called Kings at Arms ; and of them Garter is the principal , instituted and created by Henry the Fifth . Stow. Annal. p 584. whose Office is to attend the Knights of the Garter at their solemnities , and to marshal the Funerals of all the Nobility . And in Plow . cas . Reneger and Fogossa , is found that Edw. 4. granted the Office of the King of Heralds to one Garter , cum feudis & proficuis ab antq . &c. fo . 12 b. The next is Clarentius , ordained by Ed. 4. for he attaining the Dukedom of Clarence by the death of George his Brother , whom he put to death for aspiring the Crown , made the Herald , which properly belonged to the Duke of Clarence , a King at Arms , and called him Clarentius ; his Office is to marshal and dispose the Funerals of Knights , Esquires , &c. through the Realm on the South side of Trent . The third is Norroy or Northroy ; whose Office is the same on the North side of Trent , as that of Clarentius on the South , as may well appear by his name , signifying the Northern King , or King of the North parts . Besides these , there are six others , properly called Heralds , according to their original , as they were created to attend Dukes , &c. in Marshal Executions ; viz. York , Lancaster , Somerset , Richmond , Chester , Windsor . Lastly , There are four others called Marshals or Pursuivants at Arms reckoned after a sort in the number of Heralds , and commonly succeed in the place of the Heralds , as they die , or are preferred , and those are Blew-mantle , Rouge-cross , Rouge-dragon , & Percullis . Fern in his Glory of Generosity , p. 151. says , Herald is composed of these two Dutch words Heer and auid , which is as much as to say , an old Lord , or an antient Sir. But Verstegan says , Heralt comes from the ancient Teutonick Here-h●alt , and signifies the Champion of the Army , or a most couragious person , p. 251. Mr. Stow in his Ann. p. 12. derives it from Hero. Harlot , Metonymically from Arletta or Harlotha , Concubine to Robert Duke of Normandy , on whom the Duke begat William the Bastard Conqueror , and King of England ; in spight to whom , and diigrace to his Mother , the English called all Whores Harlots , a word yet in use among us , Cam. Harmonicks ( harmoniacus ) melodious , or that pertains to harmony , which is the accord of divers sounds or notes , or an apt proportion . Harpyes ( harpyae ) monstrous and ravenous birds , which Poets feign to have had womens faces , hands armed with Talons , and Bellies full of ordure , wherewith they infected all meat they touched ; They lived in Stymphalis a lake of Arcadia , and were named Aello , Ocypete , Celeno , and Thyella . Thus the Poet. Tristius haud illis monstrum nec saevior ulla Pestis & ira Deum , Stygiis sese extulit undis : Virginei volucrum vultus , foedissima ventris Ingluvies , uncaeque manus , & pallida semper Or a fame — Virg. 3. Aen. Hence t is we usually apply the name of Harpyes to avaricious , griping and usurious men . Harpocrates , the God of silence . Hart , is a Stag of five years old compleat . Budeus de Philologia lib. 2. And if the King or Queen hunt him , and he escape a live , then he is called a Hart Royal. And if the beast by the King or Queens hunting be chased out of the Forest , and so escape , Proclamation is commonly made in the places thereabout , That in regard of the pastime the beast hath shewed the King , none shall hurt or hinder him from returning to the Forest , and then he is a Hart Royal proclaimed . Hatches or Scutles of a ship , are the Overtures or Trap-doors , whereat things are let down into the Hold. Haubergeon ( Fr. ) the diminutive of Haubert ( i. a coat of Mail ) a little coat of Mail. Hauriant . See Hariant . Hausible ( hausibilis ) that may be drawen or emptied . Haust ( haustus ) a draught in drinking , a soop . D. Ham. Haw ( unguis ) a disease in the eyes so called . Hawkers , Are certain deceitful fellows , that go from place to place buying and selling Brass , Pewter , and other Merchandize , that ought to be uttered in open Market . The Appellation seems to grow from their uncertain wandering , like those that with Hawks seek their Game where they can finde it . You have the word A. 25. H. 8. ca 6. and An. 33. ejusd . ca. 4. Those people which go up and down the streets crying News-books , and selling them by retail , are also called Hawkers ; and the women that sell them by whole sale from the Press , are called Mercury-women . Hayboot , seems to be compounded of Hay , i. sepes , and bote , i. compensatio , the former is French , the second Saxon. It is used in our Common Law for a permission to take thorns and frith , to make or repair hedges . Hayward alias Haward , seems to be compounded of two French words , ha●t , i.e. sepes , a hedge , and ( Garde , i. custodia ) and signifies with us , one that keeps the common Herd of the Town ; and the reason may be , because one part of his Office , is to look that they neither break nor crop the hedges of inclosed grounds . It may likewise come from the German word ( Herd , i. armentum ) and Bewarren , i. custodire ; ) he is a sworn Officer in the Lords Court , and the form of his oath you may see in Kitchin , fol. 46. Headborow is compounded of two words ( Heosed , i. caput ) and Borhe , i. pignus ) and signifies him that is chief of the Frank pledge : And him that had the principal Government of them within his own pledge . And as he was called Headborow , so was he also called Burow-head , Thirdborow , Burshoulderz Tithingman , Chief Pledge or Burrow-Elder , according to the diversity of speech in divers places . Of this see Mr. Lamberts Explication of Centuria , and his Treatise of Constables , and Smith de Repub. Ang. l. 2. ca. 22. It now signifies Constable . Heame . See Secundine . Heave-Offerings of the threshing-floar and of the dough , were First fruits paid to the Priest , Numb . 15.20 . See Moses ▪ and Aaron , p. 219. Hebdomade ( hebdomada ) the number of seven ; as seven years , seven moneths or ages , but most commonly seven days or a week . Dr. Br. Hebetude ( hebetudo ) dulness , bluntness . Hebrews , signifies the people which came of Heber , the fourth from Shem , in whose Family the antient language of the world , called Hebrew from his name , continued ; And about the birth of his Son happened that division in the rest of the Languages of the world , whereof he was called Peleg or Phaleg , i. division . See Gen. 11.18 . Wilsons Dict. Hecatomb ( hecatombe ) a sacrifice wherein were killed an hundred beasts . Heck , Is the name of an Engin to take fish in the River Owse by York . A. 23. H. 8. c. 18. Hectick ( hectice ) a Feaver inflaming the heart and soundest parts of the body . Hector , Priams son by Hecuba , who was a terror to the Greeks besieging Troy ; he was slain by Achilles , who despightfully dragged his dead carkass about the walls of Troy , because he had before slain his friend Patroclus . Hector in our modern acception , signifies , a roaring Boy , that frequents Taverns , &c. and lives chiefly by the reputation of his sword . Hederal ( hederalis ) of or pertaining to Ivy ; the Hederal Crown or Garland was given to Poets , and excellent Musitians . Fern. 27.33 . Hederiferous ( hederifer ) that beareth Ivy. Hedonick . See Cyreniack . Hegesians , a Sect of Philosophers , so called from Hegesias , Disciple to Paraebates . Hegira , or year of deliverance , the Epoch of the Turks , their account of time , which some call the Hagaren Accompt . It fell out 16. July , An. 622. of the Incarnation ; from whence they reckon their years . See Epoche . Helchesaites ( so named of a false Prophet called Helchesaus ) divulged their heresie in the time of Pope Fabian the first : These men did altogether reprove the Apostle St. Paul , renewing the errors of Cerinthus , Ebion and the Nazarians ; saying it was no sin to deny Jesus Christ in the time of persecution , &c. Euseb . in hist . Eccles . l. 6. ca. 28. Nicephor . in lib. 5. ca. 24. Helcysm ( helcysma ) the froth and filth of silver ; the dross and scum of that mettal . Pliny . Heliacal ( heliacus ) belonging to the Sun. We term that the Heliacal emersion of a star , when a star , which before , for the vicinity of the Sun was not visible , being further removed begins to appear . Vul. Err. 224. Helical ( helicus ) pertaining to the sign called Vrsa Major , or Charls Wain . Helicon , a hill of Phocis not far from Parnassus , and much of the same bigness , consecrated to Apollo and the Muses . Hence Heliconian , pertaining to that hill . Hellebore ( helleborum ) an hearb whereof there are two kinds , the one called Bears-foot , the other Neeswort , medicinal for the Frensie . Heliotrope Heliotropy ( heliotropium ) the herb Turnsole or Waterwort ; also a precious stone mentioned in Pliny , and so called from the Greek , because being put into a vessel of water , it will seem to turn the rayes of the Sun into the colour of blood . Heliotropian , pertaining to that herb or stone . Helispherical ( Gr. ) round as the Sun. Helioscopy , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Sol , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , meta , and so may signifie the furthest point of the Suns course , in his ascension or descension ; also a kind of Spurge tree or Plant. Hellenism . See Grecism . Hellenize ( from hellenes ) to play the Grecian . Hellenistical , pertaining to Greece , or the Grecians . Hellespout ( Hellespontus ) the narrow Sea by Constantinople , dividing Europe from Asia , betwixt Propentis and the Aegean Sea. It is now called Brachium Sancti Georgii . Heluation ( heluatio ) a devouring gluttony . Helme of the Rudder of a ship , is a handle of wood , put on the Rudder for the Steersman to govern the same , and direct the ship ; which may be so called of Helm or Helmet ; For as a Helmet saves the head ; so does that by good guidance preserve the ship from dangers ; or as a Helmet is the top Armor piece for the head ; so is the Helm the top of the Stern or Rudder . And in French Heaume , one word signifies both . Min. Helvetian , of or pertaining to Switzerland ; otherwise called Helvetia . Hemerobaptists ( hemerobaptistae ) daily Baptists ; a Sect so called , because they did every day wash themselves . Epiph. l. 1. Tom. 1. ch . 17. Hemerologe ( hemorologium ) a Kalendar or Register declaring what is done every day , a Day-book . Hemi ( Gr. ) half : a word used only in composition ; as , Hemicade ( hemicadium ) a half Hogshead . Hemicircular , half round . Hemicranick ( hemicranicus ) subject to the sickness called Megrim or Hemicrain . See Megrim . Hemicycle ( hemicyclus ) half a circle , a compass or half round chair . Hemiplexy ( hemiplexia ) the palsie in half the body . Hemisphere ( hemisphaerium ) half the compass of the visible heavens . Hemistick ( hemistichium ) half a verse . Hemorrhagy ( Gr. ) an abundant Flux of blood . Cotg. Hemorrhoide ( hemorrhois ) a disease in the Fundament , like Teats or Warts by the swelling of the vein , out of which issueth blood , called Piles ; corruptly called Emrods . Henchman or Heinsman is a German word , signifying ' a Domestick or one of a family ; it is used with us for one that runs on foot , attending on a person of honor . A. 3. E. 4. c. 5. An. 24. H. 8. ca. 13. Hence comes our word hine or hinde , a servant for husbandry . Hepatical Hepatarian ( hepatarius ) of or pertaining to the Liver . Hepatiques , obstructions of the Liver , or books treating of the Liver . Hepta ( Gr. ) Septem , seven ; Hence Heptagon ( Gr. ) that has seven angles or corners . Heptagonal , Pertaining to a Heptagon . Heptaphony ( heptaphonia ) the having seven sounds ▪ Heptarchy ( heptarchia ) a kind of Government , where seven rule ; as in England when there were seven Kings ( viz. ) 1. The King of Kent . 2. Of South-Saxons . 3. Of the West Saxons . 4. Of the East Saxons . 5. Of Northumberland . 6 , Of Mercia . 7. Of the East Angles . Of which see more in Sir Rich. Bakers Chroniele , fol. 6 , 7. Herald , Heralt . See Harold . Herbage ( Fr. ) signifies in our Common Law , the fruit of the earth provided by nature for the bit or mouth of the Cattle . But it is most commonly used for that liberty a man hath to feed his Cattle in another mans ground , as in the Forest , &c. Crompt . Jurisd . fol. 197. Herbalist or Herb●st ( herbarius ) one that understands the nature and temper of herbs , one cunning in Simples . Herbenger ( from the Fr. Herberger , i. to harbor or lodge ) signifies with us an Officer of the Princes Court , that alots the Noblemen , and those of the Household their lodgings . It signifies also in Kitchin , an Inkeeper , fol. 176 Herbert ( Germ. ) signifies famous Lord , bright Lord , or glory of the Army . Cam. Herbiferous ( herbifer ) bringing forth herbs or grass . Herbosity ( herbositas ) abundance of herbs or grass . Herbulent ( herbulentus ) full of grass or herbs . Hercules Pillars , On the North side of the Straight called of old Fretum Herculeum , was Mount Calpe , on the South , Mount Abila , on which Hercules placed his so memorized Pillars , with the Inscription Nil Vltra , because that was then conceived to be the most Western bound of the world . But Charls the fifth , after the discovery of America , coming that way caused Plus Vltra to be engraven , either on the old Pillars , or else on new erected in their places . Hercules is said to have faln into the Falling-sickness , by over much eating Quails , which disease has ever since been termed Hercules sickness . Dr. Muffet . Herculean Herculane ( Herculeus ) of or belonging to Hercules , pertaining to a valiant fellow ; difficile , hard , invincible ; So Herculean labor , a Proverb , signifying a work of great difficulty , or almost impossible to be atchieved , which took beginning from the twelve labors of Hercules , of which see Rider . Here de Caesar , i. the Monarchy of Caesar . An ancient account of time , used instead of the year of our Lord , in Spain especially ; as also among the Arabs and Sarrazens . It took date 38 years before Christs Nativity , and was used in Spain till the year 1383. which was of Here de Caesar . 1421. Heremitical . See Eremitical . Heresie ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haeresis ) an opinion contrary to some point of faith , whereof Eusebius , Platina , St. Austin , and other learned Authors make mention of very many since our Saviours time ; As , Simonians , Menandrians , Ebionites , Cerinthians , Nicholaitans , Saturnians , Carpocratians , Gnosticks , Valentinians , Marcionites , Cleobians , Dorothians , Gorthenians , Masuberthians , Encratites , Basilides , Cataphrygians , Arabes , Helchesaites , Novatians , Catharians , Sabellians , Manicheans , Arrians , Pelagians , Helonitians , Hermoginians , Peputians , Quintillians , Colliridians , Priscillianists , Hemerobaptists , Anthropomorphits , Chilliasts or Millenarians , Massilians , Dimocrites , Garasians , Paterons , Poor men of Lyons , Aquarians , Speronists ; Fraticelli , Adamites , Orebites , Taborites , Noetians , Hydroparastates , Artotyrites , Ptholemaites , Stacioicques , Phibionites , Helionites , Heracleonites , Antitades , Perades , Phrygians , Colarbasians , Docites , Borborians , Zacheans , Naasanians , Phemionitaius , Sethranians , Caynians , Codians , Ophites , Severians , Paulianists , Catabaptists , Arbigeois , Archontiques , Hierarchites , Seileutians , Felicians , Nestorians , Jacobitans , Monothelitanes . The Acephalick Sects of Barcotobas , Cerdon , Tatian , Redon , Apelles , Basilicus , Sirenus , Montanus , Theodorus , Paulus Samosatenus , Ogdoades , Artemon , Natalis , Galien , Berillus , Nepos , Liberius , Macedonius , Helvidius , Ethicianus , Hermogenes , Epiphanes , Pontinus , Sinerus , Prepon , Pithon , Cleobulus , Praxeas , Asclepiodotus , Hermophilus , Apolonides , Themison , Theodotus , Florinus , Blattus , Isidorus , Secundus , Portitus , Bardesianus , Symmachus , Theodocion , Lucius , Apolinarius , Acatus , Donatus , Olympius , Adimantius , Alogios , Bertoldus , Paliardus the Philosopher , Almerick , Guillaume of holy love , Hermand , Durcine ; Quintinists , Severists , Campanists , &c. with infinite more . See Prateolus . In this latter age those that have most abounded , are , Anabaptists , Antinomians , Brownists , Socinians , Arminians , Erastians , Quakers , Adamites , Anti-Trinitarians , Anti-Scripturians , &c. with many others , of which see Mr. Ross his View of all Religions . Heresie ( as the Fathers define it ) is a mis-belief in some points of Faith , contrary to the Doctrine universally received in the Church . Cressy . Heresiark ( haeresiarchus ) an Arch-Heretick , a principal Heretick , a Sect-Master . Heretick ( haereticus ) a person wilfully and stifly maintaining false opinions against the Scriptures and Doctrine of the Church after due admonition . Tit. 3.10 . Wil. Dict. Heretoga ( Sax. ) was our antient appellation for the cheif Conductor of an Army , for which we have long since used our borrowed French word Duke , from the Latin Dux . Here in the antient Teutonick , is an Army , and toga signifies to draw or train forward . The Netherlanders for Duke do yet use the name Herrogh , and the Germans write it Herirog . Verst . Herility ( herilitas ) Mastership . Hericano . See Haracan●a . Heriot alias Hariot ( heriotum ) in the Saxon Heregeat from here , i. exercitus ) it signified in our Saxon time a tribute given to the Lord , for his better preparation toward war. The name is still retained , but the use altered ; for whereas by Mr. Lamberts opinion , it signified as much as Relief doth now with us ; it is taken now for the best Chattel that the Tenant hath at the hour of his death , due to the Lord by custom , be it Horse , Oxe , or any such like . Hermaphrodite ( hermaphroditus ) one that is both man and woman . Hermes sire . See Furole . Hermetical , pertaining to , or like Hermes or Mercury . Hermitress , A woman Hermite or Eremite , one who lives in a wilderness . Hermopaly ( hermopolium ) a place where Images are sold . Heroical ( heroicus ) noble , stately , excellent , the three Heroical vertues are , 1. Moderation of Anger . 2. Temperance in Covetousness . 3. The despising of Pleasures . Heroick Poem , so called , for that it treats of the manners of Heroes or heroick persons , not natural Causes ; manners presented , not dictated , and manners fained ( as the name of Poesie imports ) not found in men . The part of an heroick Poem is to exhibite a venerable and amiable Image of heroick vertue . Mr. Hobbs . See Poesie . Hesperides , the daughters of Hesperus , brother to Atlas , called Aegle , Arethusa and Hesperethusa : They had Gardens and Orchards , that bore golden fruit , kept by a vigilant Dragon , which Hercules slew , and robbed the Orchard . From this story , we find often mention of the Gardens and Apples of Hesperides . Heteroclite ( heterocliton ) that is declined otherwise then common Nouns are . Heteroclital , belonging to an Heteroclite . Heteriark ( heteriacha ) the Captain of the Bands of the Allyes and Ayds ; also an Abbot . Heterodox ( Gr. ) that is of another or different opinion . Heterodoxy ( Gr. ) different opinion , variety of judgment . Heterogen●al ( heterogeneus ) of another kind . Heterogencity ( from the Gr. ) the being of another kind . Dr. Charleton . Heteroscians ( heteroscii ) those people that dwell under either of the temperate Zones : so called , because their shadows at noon bend still but one way , either North or South . Hexagonal ( hexagonus ) that has six corners or angles . Hexameter ( Lat. ) a Verse consisting of six feet , all either Dactyls or Spondees , save that a Dactyl is proper to the fifth place , and a Spondee to the last : other places are capable of either foot , as O●ia damnantur quae nulla negotia tractant . These are also called Heroiques , and were used to represent the memorable actions of those the Antients called Demi-Gods . This Hexameter the Latins found most grave and decent for their Epique Poems ; instead of which we use the line of ten syllables , recompencing the neglect of their quantity with the diligence of Rhyme . Hobbs . Hexastick ( hexasticum ) six Verses together , or a sentence contained in six Verses . H.S. See in I. I.S. Hiation ( hiatio ) a gaping . Hibernian , of or pertaining to Ireland Hichel ( Sax. ) a certain instrument with iron teeth to k●mb flax or hemp . Hidage or Hydage , was an extraordinary tax to be paid for every Hide of Land. See Bract. lib. 2. cap. 6. Hide or Hyde of Land , ( hida terrae ) Saxonice Hide●andes , is a certain measure or quantity of Land , by some mens opinion , that may be plowed with one Plow in a year . Terms of Law. By others it is an hundred Acres . By Beda ( who calls it familiam ) it is as much as will maintain a family . Crompt . in his Juris . fol. 220. saith , it consists of an hundred Acres ; And again , fol. 222. A Hide of Land contains a hundred Acres , and eight Hides , or eight hundred Acres contain a Knights Fee. Of this read more in Mr. Lamberts explication of Saxon words , in Hida terrae . Hidromel . See Hydromel . Hierarchy ( hierarchia ) an holy governance or principality . The Hierarchy or Holy Order of Angels contains ( as some affirm ) nine degrees , and is a mystical resemblance of the Blessed Trinity , there being in nine , thrice three , and in every three , thrice one . So that there are three superior , three inferior , and three middle degrees . The superior are Seraphins , Cherubins , and Thrones ; the middle , Dominations , Principalities and Powers ; the inferior , Vertues , Archangels , Angels . Bull. Hierarchical ( hierarchicus ) pertaining to a holy Governnour or government . Hieratical ( hieraticus ) sacred , holy , destined to things sacred . As Hieratick Paper , fine Paper , dedicated onely to Religious Books . Hieroglyphicks ( hieroglyphica ) mystical Letters or Cyphers ( among the Egyptians ) by Images , signifying holy Sentences , which were to them instead of writing ; As for a Moneth they painted a Palm-tree , because at every New Moon it sends forth a bew branch . For God , a Faulcon , as well for that he soars so high , as that he governs the lesser birds . They described Envy by the Eele , because it never keeps company with other fishes . The liberal man was figured by a right hand wide open : As contrariwise , the avaritious niggard , by a left hand close grip'd , &c. Hierograms ( from the Gr. ) sacred Letters or writings . Hierographie ( Gr. ) a description or pourtraying of divine things . Rerum divirarum adumbratio per quaedam signa . Scap. Hierome ( Gr. ) a holy name . St Hierome a Reverend Father of the Church , much honored for translating the Bible , lived in the year of Christ , 384. Hi●rommi●ns , a Religious Order that had their beginning of St. Hierome , who leaving his Native Country , went into Jury , and there , not far from Bethelem , lived in a Monastery very devoutly , the latter end of his life , and died in the 91 year of his age , and of Christ 421. The Monks of this Order wear their Cloaths of a brown colour , and a Cope plaited over their Coat , girt with a leathern Girdle . There were also certain Hermites called Hieronimians , of the foundation of one Charls Granel of Florence , who ( about the year of Christ , 1365 ) became an Hermite in the Mountains of Fessulus . Hierosolymilan ( from Hierosolyma ) of or pertaining to Jerusalem . Hilarity ( hilaritas ) mirth , pleasantness , chearfulness . Hi●u●m ( Hebr. ) praises ; a Song sung at the Jews marriages , by the Bridegrooms intimate friends . To Himple ( Sax. ) to halt , used in the North of England . Hine , seems to be used for a servant at Husbandry , and the Master Hine a servant that oversees the rest . An. 12. R 2. cap. 4. See Henchman Hinnible ( hinnibilis ) that can neigh as a horse , apt to neigh. Hipocras or Hippocras , a compound Wine mixed with several kinds of Spices ; so called from Hippocrates the Physitian said to be the first inventer of it . Hipparch ( hipparchus ) the Master of the horses . See the quality of this Office among the antient Athenians , in part 1. Treas . of Times , p. 115. Hippiedes ( Gr. ) images of women on horse-back . Hippiaticks ( Gr. ) books treating of horses . Hippicon or Hippicun ( Gr. ) a measure of ground , containing eight miles , or rather four furlongs . Hist . of Philos . Hippocent●ure ( hippocentaurus ) a Monster , having in part the shape of a horse . See Centaur . Hippona , the Goddess of horses . Hippodrome ( hippodromus ) a Tilt-yard , a place where horses are broken , or exercised in running , a horse-race . Hippogryph ( hippo-gryps ) a kind of feigned beast , in part horse , in part Griffin . Hippomachy ( hippomachia ) a justing or tilting on horseback . Hircine ( hircinus ) goatish , of a Goat . Hirculation ( hirculatio ) a disease in the Vine , when it bears no fruit . Hirsuts ( hirsutus ) rough , hairy , full of bristles , sharp . Hirundinous ( from ●hirundo , inis ) of or pertaining to a swallow . Hispanian ( Hispanus ) of or belonging to Spain ; born in Spain ▪ Hispid ( hispidus ) bristled or rough-haired ; terrible . Historiography ( historiographia ) the writing an History . Histriographer ( historiographus ) an historian , a writer of Histories . Histrionick ( histrionicus ) player-like , fit for , or belonging to a Stage-player , or Stage-play . Histrionically , after the manner of a Stage-Player . Hithe ( as Queen-Hithe in London ) is a petit Haven to land wares out of vessels or boats . New Book of Enteries , fol. 3. Col. 3. Hoane ( Sax. ) a fine kind of Whetstone , softer then that which is most commonly called a Whetstone . Hoblers ( hobellarii ) In Ireland there were certain Knights so called , because they were wont to serve in the wars upon Hobbies ; also with us certain persons who were by their tenure tyed to maintain a little light Nag ( which in Ireland they call a Hobby , and hence we say a Hobby-horse ) for the certifying of any invasion made by Enemies , or such like peril towards the Sea side , as Portsmouth , &c. Of these you shall read A. 18. Ed. 3. Stat. 2. cap. 7. & An. 25. ejusdem Stat. 5. cap. 8. Antiq. Hib●rn . p. 35. Hocktyde or Hockstyde , of old thus . Hardiknute the last King of the Danes in this Nation dying suddainly at Lambeth in the year 1042 , his death was so welcome to his Subjects , that the time was annually celebrated for some hundreds of years after , with open pastimes in the streets , and called Hockstide ( in some parts of this Nation not yet out of memory , but observed the week after Easter ) signifying scorning or contempt , which fell upon the Danes by his death . Sir Rich. Baker . See Fugalia . Hocus-pocus , a Jugler , one that shews tricks by slight of hand . Hodiernal ( hodiernus ) of to day , or at this time . Hodgee ( Persian ) a holy man , a Priest among the Persians . Herb. Ho-goo ( in true Fr. Haut-goust ) a high taste , smatch , or savour ; it is usually taken for any dish of meat that has some more then ordinary taste or savor . Hogshead ( Brit. Hogsed ) is a measure of Wine or Oyl , containing the fourth part of a Tun , that is 63 Gallons . A. 1. R. 3. cap. 13. Holocaust ( holocaustum ) a Burnt-Offering , a Sacrifice wherein the whole beast was offered , and no part reserved . Holographical ( holographicus ) wholly written with his own hand , from whom it is sent . Homage ( Fr Hommage , i. fides clientularis ) service , fidelity . In Court Barons , the Jury sworn to enquire of matters , is so called . It signifies also a servile ceremony of duty by some Tenants to their Lords , after this manner . The Tenant that holds Lands by Homage , kneeling on both knees before the Lord ( who sits and holds the Tenants hands between his ) saith as follows , I become your man from this day forth for life , for member and for worldly honor , and shall owe you my faith , for the Land I hold of you ; saving the faith I owe to our Soveraign Lord the King , and to my other Lords . And then the Lord , sitting , must kiss the Tenant . An. 17. Ed. 2. Stat. 2. Glanvile , lib. 9. cap. 1. Homageable , that is subject to , or ought to do homage . Homeology ( homoeologia ) likeness of speech . Homerical , after the manner of Homer , Homer like . Bac. Homicide ( homicida ) a murtherer , a man-slayer . Homicide ( homicidium ) the slaying of a man ; and is divided into voluntary and casual ; homicide voluntary , is that which is deliberate and committed of a set mind and purpose to kill : And this is either with precedent malice or without ; the former is murther , and is the fellonious killing , through malice prepensed , of any person living in this Realm under the Kings protection . West par . 2. Sym. tit . Inditements , sect . 37 , &c. usque ad 51. where you may see divers subdivisions of it . See also Glanvile l. 14. ca. 3. Bract. lib. 3. tract . 2. cap. 4.15 , and 17. Brit. cap. 5 , 6 , 7. Also a sort of knives so called . Act. 1656. ca. 20. Homily ( homilia ) a familiar speech of men together ; a kind of Sermon , properly of an inferior kind , such as is delivered out of a Book or Manuscript , by those that are not able to preach otherwise . Homodox ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) that is of the same opinion with another . Homogeneal ( homogeneus ) of one or the same kind , congenerous . Homography ( homographia ) like writing or painting . Homologation ( homologatio ) an admission , allowance , or approbation , a consent unto . Homology ( homologia ) an agreement , a confession . Homonymy ( Gr. ) when divers things are signified by one word or name ; as Hart signifies a beast , and a prinicipal Member of the body ; a likeness or sameness of name : It is a term in Logick . Holy War. Homonymous ( Gr. ) whose name onely is common , their essence divers , doubtful , ambiguous . Honi soit qui maly ●ense . ( Fr. signifies , Evil or shame be to him that evil thinks ; it is the Motto belonging to the Order of Knights of the Garter . Honor , does sometimes signifie the most noble sort of Seigniories , on which other inferior Lordships or Mannors depend by performance of some Customs or Services to the Lords of such Honors . And it seems there are no Honors , but such as did originally belong to the King , and have since been given in Fee to Noble men . Of this sort are the Honors of Windsor , Greenwich , Tickhil , &c. And Courts there held are called Honor-Courts . 37 H. 8.18.33 H. 8.37 . Honour point , In Heraldry the upper part of an Escoutcheon is so called , when its breadth is divided into three even parts . Honorary ( honorarius ) pertaining to honour , which is made for honor , more then use Honorificabilitudinity ( honorificabilitudinitas ) honorableness . Honorifical ( honorificus ) that brings or causeth honor . Hon●-moon , applied to those married persons that love well at first , and decline in affections afterwards ; it is hony now , but it will change as the Moon . Min. Hogu●ton ( Fr. ) a fashion of short Coat , Cassock , or Jacket without sleeves . Horary ( horarius ) of the space of an hour , hourly . Hoplochrism ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , arma , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , unguentum ) an anointing of arms or weapons , as they do in the use of the weapon salve . Dr. Charl. Hoplochristical , pertaining to the Weapon-salve . Horcentrick ( Fr. ) out of the Center ; clean without the Compass of ; Mathematicians apply this word to the Sun , when his Center , being at the full height of his Epicycle , is farthest from the Center of the earth . Cot. Horizon ( Gr. ) a Circle immoveable , dividing the half-Sphear of the Firmament which we see , from the other half we see not ; it hath the name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. termino , to bound or limit , because it limits our sight . For example , imagine you stood upon Highgate or the Tower-hill at Greenwich , so far as you may see round about , as in a Circle , where the Heaven seems to touch the earth , that is called the Horizon ; the Poles whereof are , the point just over your head , called Zenith in Arabick ; and the other under your feet , passing by the Center of the world , called Nadir . The Sun rising and going down is ever in this Line or Circle . Peach . Horisontal ( from Horizon ) of or pertaining to the Horizon . Horngeld ( cornellatum ) is compounded of Horn and Geldan or Gelder , i. solvere ; it signifies a Tax within the Forest to be paid for horned beasts . Crompt . Jurisd . fol. 197. And to be free of it , is a priviledge granted by the King. Hugh Lupus E. of Chester gave to one Nigel , the Barony of Haughton , and the Castle to be cornellatum ; i. Tributum , quod à cornutis animalibus exigitur . Vale-Royal . f. 97. & Spelmans Gloss . Horologe ( horologium ) an hour-glass , clock , dyal , or like instrument , to tell what hour of the day it is . Horological ( horologicus ) of or pertaining to a Clock or Dyal . Horologiography , a writing of , or describing Clocks or Dyals : There is a late Book entituled Azimuthal horologiography , treating of that subject . Horometry ( Gr. ) the measure or measuring of hours . Horoscope ( horoscopus ) any thing wherein hours are marked , as a Dyal ; or the calculation of ones nativity , wherein the hour of birth is chiefly observed . See Ascendant . Horridity ( horriditas ) trembling for fear . Horripilation ( horripilatio ) the standing up of the hair for fear , a growing rough with hair ; a sudden quaking , shuddering or shivering . Horrisonant ( horrisonus ) roaring , having a terrible sound . Horror ( Lat. ) a quaking for fear and cold , an astonishment . Hortolages ( Fr. ) things growing in Orchards or Gardens ; Garden-stuff . Hort-yards ( from Hortus , a Garden ) Garden-yards . Hortative ( hortativus ) that belongs to exhortation and moving ; exhorting or apt to exhort . Hosanna ( Heb. ) vel Osanna , save now , or O Lord save me ; originally taken for the burden of Willow branches which the Jews carried to the Feast of Tabernacles . Hosanna to the Son of David , Mat. 21-9 . Hospital ( hospitalium ) a house erected of Charity , for entertainment and relief of poor , sick , and impotent people . The Emperor Constantine the Great first began the building of Hospitals . Hospiticide ( hospiticida ) he that kills his guest . Hospitious ( hospitus ) that receives guests friendly , also strange . Hostage ( Fr. ) a pawn , surety , or pledge . Hostle ( Fr. hostel ) a house , Inn , lodging ; a Hall or Palace . This word in French is commonly a mark of greatness ; inferior houses being termed Maisons and Logis . Hosticide ( hosticida ) that conquers or kills his enemy . Hostility ( hostilitas ) enmity , feud , mortal hatred . Hotchpot ( Fr. Hochepot . Belg. Hutspot , i. flesh cut into pretty peices and sodden with herbs or roots , not unlike that which the Romans called Farraginem , a Gallimaufrey . ) Littleton says it litterally signifies a Pudding mixed with divers ingredients ; but metaphorically a commixtion or putting together of Lands , for the equal division of them , Examples you have divers in him , f. 55. And see Britt . f. 119. Hoti and ●oti ( Gr. ) two terms used in Logick , the one is the quid , and the other the propter quid : the one the thing it self , and the other the cause or teason of it . Arist . Housebote ( is compounded of house and bote , i. compensatio ) it signifies Estovers out of the Lords wood to repair and uphold a Tenement or house . Or Housebote is necessary Timber , that the Lessee for years or for life , of common right , may take upon the ground , to repair the houses upon the same ground to him leased , although it be not expressed in the Lease , and although it be by a Lease Parol ; but if he take more then is needful , he may be punished by an Action of Waste . Hom●l ( Sax. ) the ministring Sacraments to a sick man in danger of death . Bull. The receiving the Sacraments . Rider . Hugh . Aventinus derives it from the German word Houg●n , that is , slasher or cutter . But whereas the name Hugh was first in use among the French , and Otfrid in the year 900 used Hugh for comfort , I judge this name to be borrowed thence , and so is correspondent to the Greek names Elpidius and Elpis . Huguenot● ( Fr. ) Calvinists , Reformists , French Protestants . At first termed thus , of a gate in Tours called Hugon , near to which they assembled , when they stirred first , or of the beginning of their first Protestation , Huc nos venimus , &c. Huguenotism ( Fr. Huguenoterie ) French-Calvinism , the Faith or Profession of a Huguenot . Huke , A Dutch attire ; covering the head , face and all the body . Humectate ( humecto ) to make moist , to water . Humectation ( humectatio ) a making moist . Bac. Humerous ( humerosus ) that hath great shoulders . Humid ( humidus ) wet , rainy , moist , liquid . Humidate ( humido ) to moisten . Humiferous ( humifer ) waterish , that brings moisture . Humiliate ( humilio ) to make low or humble . Humiliates , A Religious Order , instituted about the year 1166. by certain persons exiled by Fredericus Barbarossa , who , when they were restored to their Country , apparelled themselves in white , and lived by a kind of Vow , in Prayers , penury and working wooll , and were admitted by Innocentius the Third , and other his Successors . Pol. Vir. Humor ( Lat. ) moisture , water , juyce or sap . Humorosity ( humorositas ) moistness . Humfrey or Humphrey ( Ger. ) for Humfred , i. house-peace , a lovely and happy name , if it could turn home wars betwixt man and wife into peace . The Italians have made Onuphrius of it in Latin . Cam. Hundred , Is a part of a Shire so called originally , because it contained ten Tythings , each Tything consisting of ten houshoulds , called in Latin decennas . These were first ordained by King Alfred the twenty ninth King of the West Saxons . Stows Annal pag. 105. In Wales it is called Cantred or Cantref . Hurlebats ( adides . ) See Whorlebats . Hu●ngs , may seem to come from the French Haul-ser , i. to raise , elevate or sit aloft ; for it signifies the principal and highest Court in London . An. 11. H. 7. cap. 21. and Fitzh . nat . br . fol. 23. See An. 9. Ed. 1. Cap unico . Other Cities and Towns also have had a Court of the same name , as Winchester , Lincoln , York , Sheppey , &c. where the Barons or Citizens have a Record of such things as are determinable before them . Flet. l. 2. c. 55. Hyacinth ( hyacinthus ) a violet or purple coloured Lilly : or a purple flower call'd Crowtoes ; also a kind of precious stone called a Hyacinth . See Jacinth . Also smoak which is of colour like a Hyacinth , to wit blew and red , Rev. 9.11 . Hyacinthine ( hyacinthinus ) of violet or purple colour . Hyaline ( hyalinus ) of Glass-colour . Hybernal Hybernian ( hybernus ) pertaining to winter , rough , rainy . Hyde of Land. See Hide . Hydra ( Lat. ) a monstrous Serpent in the Lernean Lake , which having one head cut off , had forthwith two other growing up in the place , Hercules is said to have fought with and slain this Monster . Hydragogy ( hydragogia ) the bringing water into a place by channel . Hydrargyrous ( hydrargyrus ) of , or pertaining to quick-silver . Vul. Err. Hydraulick ( hydraulicus ) pertaining to Organs , or to an Instrument to draw water , or to the sound of ( running ) waters . Bac. Hydrography ( hydrographia ) is the delineation of the Sea , by her several names , Promontories , Creeks and affections , as also of Springs and Rivers . In general , a description of the water . Hydrographical , belonging to the description of the Sea or water . Hydriatiqu●s , Books treating of water , or of water-Engins . Hydromantic ( hydromantia ) divination by causing Spirits to appear in the water . Hydromantick ( hydromanticus ) of or pertaining to that kind of divination . Hydromel ( hydromeli ) a kind of Metheglin , or drink made of water and hony sodden together ; Galen saith that Mede should be made of rain-water , and Hydromel of fountain water . This is a usual drink in Russia , Muscovy and Tartary . Hydrophoby ( hydrophobia ) an extream fear of water and of every kind of liquor ; caused by melancholy or by the biting of a mad dog . Hydrophobical , pertaining thereto , or that is troubled with that fear . Dr. Charl. Hydropick ( hydropicus ) sick of , or subject to the Dropsie . Hydropotist ( hydropota ) he that always drinks water . Hyemation ( hyematio ) a wintering . Hyemal ( hyemalis ) belonging to Winter , ●interly . Hyena , a beast like a woolf having a Main , and long hairs over all the body . It is the subtillest ( as some say ) of all beasts , and will counterfeit the voice of a man , to draw shepherds out of their houses in the night , to the end he may kill them . It is said he changes sex often , being sometimes male , and sometimes female . Hygiastick ( Gr. ) pertaining to the conversation of health . Hymen ( Gr. ) the God of marriages , or a song sung at marriages . The Greeks at their marriages were wont to sing Hymen , Hymenaee ; as the Romans did Talassio , Talassio . Hymniferous ( hymnifer ) that bringeth Hymns . Hymnigrapher ( hymnigraphus ) a writer of Hymns . Hymnist ( hymnista ) a singer of Hymns . Hypallage ( Gr. ) a figure when words are understood contrariwise . Hyper ( Gr. ) i , super , above . Hence , Hyperbole ( Lat. ) a figure when one speaks a great deal more then is precisely true , or above all likelihood of truth ; excess in advancing or repressing . Hyperbolic ( hyperbolicus ) that passeth all likelihood of truth ; beyond belief . Hyperboreans ( hyperborei ) a people of Scythia so called , because the North wind called Boreas blows over them . Hypercritick ( hypercriticus ) above , or passing the common sort of Criticks , a Mr. Critick . Hyperion . The Sun. Hypermeter ( Lat. ) a verse having a redundant syllable , or one syllable above measure , called by some a Feminine Verse . Hyperphysical ( hyperphysicus ) that is above physick , supernatural , metaphysical . Hypocaust ( hypocaustum ) a Stow or Hot-house . Hypocondriack Hypocondriacal ( hypocondriacus ) of or pertaining to the forepart of the belly and sides about the short ribs , and above the Navel , under which lies the Liver or Spleen . Also that is troubled with a windy Melancholy in those parts . Hypocrisy ( hypocrisis ) dissimulation , fained holiness ; the cloaking of infidelity and sin , with a shew of faith and repentance , Mat 23.28 . Hypocrite ( hypocrita ) properly signifies one that assumes or takes upon him the gesture or person of another , & covers or disguises his Judgment ; but commonly taken for a dissembler , that with feigned holiness would seem better then he is indeed . Hypocritical pertaining to an Hypocrite , dissembling , counterfeit . Hypogastrick ( from Hypogastrium ) belonging to that part of the belly , which reacheth from the Navel to the privy members . Hypoge ( hypogaeum ) a vault or cellar , or such like under-ground room , arched over-head . Hypogran● ( Gr. ) a subscription , or any writing subscribed . Hypospadians or Hippospadians , a sort of monstrous persons that abuse themselves with a Horse or Mare . In Febr. 1652. one of these ( who went by the name of Margaret Rain ) was convict before the Judges at Edinborough in Scotland for some beastiality with a Horse or Mare ; & both she and the Horse were burnt according to the Mosaical Law ; this person by an Inquest of Chyrurgions , was found to be one of that sort ( says the relation ) whom the Philosophers call Hypospadians . Hypostatical ( from Hypostasis ) belonging to suppositality , subsistence or personality . The Hypostatical Vnion , is the union of humane nature with Christs divine person . Hypothecary ( hypothecarius ) pertaining to a pledge or gage Hypothenusal ( Gr. ) the Hypothenusal line is that side of a Rectangle triangle , which is opposed to , or subtends the right Angle . A term in Trigonometry . Hypothesis ( Gr. ) a supposition or condition ; sometimes it is taken for a position of something , as it were demonstrated , and granted by another . Scapula . Hypothetical ( hypotheticus ) In Logick those Propositions , which have a Conjunction in them , and so consist of two parts , are called Hypothetical Propositions ; as in saying , If the Sun be in our Hemisphear , it is day . Hysterical ( hystericus ) troubled with fits of the Mother . Hysterology ( hysterologia ) an altering the order of speech , by placing that first which should be last . Hysteron Proteron ( Gr. ) the same with Hysterology , it is sometimes used in derision of that which is spoken or done preposterously or quite contrary . The common phrase is , The Cart before the horse . I. JAcent ( jacens ) lying along , slow , sluggish . Iacinth ( hyacinthus ) a precious stone found in Aethiopia , whereof there are two kinds , the one of a pale yellow colour , the other of a clear bright yellow , or inclineable to red , which is accounted the better . It is cold of nature , comfortable to the body , and provokes sleep . Iacob ( Heb. i. a tripper or supplanter ) whose name ( because he had power with God , that he might also prevail with men ) was changed into Israel by God. See Genesis cap. 32. Philo de nominibus mutatis . Iacobins , The Fryers of St. Dominicks Order are so calle in France , because their Monastery in Paris ( formerly an Hospital ) is dedicated to St. James , and is seated in the street called Riie St. Jacque . Iacobites ( so called from Jacobus Syrus , who lived An. 530. ) a sort of Hereticks , who 1. acknowledge but one Will , Nature , and Operation in Christ . 2. Use Circumcision in both Sexes . 3. Sign their children with the sign of the Cross , imprinted with a burning iron . 4. Affirm Angels to consist of two substances , Fire and Light , &c. The Patriarch of this Sect is always called Ignatius , and a Monk of St. Anthonies Order , he keeps his residence at ●arami in Mesopotamia , and is said to have 160000 families under his jurisdiction . Biddulph . Iacobs Staff , a Pilgrims Staff , so called from those who out of devotion go on pilgrimage to the City St. Jago , or St James Compostella in Spain , where some of St. Jame's Reliques are . It is sometimes taken for a Staff that has a dagger or little sword in it . Also an instrument in Geomery so called . Min. Iacobs Ladder , the journey of Jacob , wherein God would be present with him in favour by his Angels , to lead him forth well and happily ; also to bring him back again , Gen. 28.12 . There stood a Ladder . See ver . 15 , and 20. Wilson . Iactator ( Lat. ) a cracker or boaster . Iactitation ( jactitatio ) a vain boasting . Iaculabi● ( jaculabilis ) fit to be thrown , that may be cast or darted . Iaculatory ( jaculatorius ) that which is suddenly cast from one , like a dart ; as Jaculatory Prayers , sudden , extemporary Prayers . Iambes ( Fr. ) with us it is used for the Posts sustaining both sides of the door ; the side-posts of a door . Iamb-stone , is properly a stone that supports a Chimney or other part of a house , the Mantletree-stone . Iambick ( Iambus ) a measure or foot in verse , having the first syllable short , and the other long , as sālūs . Also a kind of Verse consisting usually either of four or six feet , as , Suis & ipsa Roma viribus ruit . This kind of Verse is said to be first invented by Archilochus a Greek Poet , and was applied by the Antients to Invectives . Iames , is wrested from Jacob. See Jacob. Iampnorum , as so many Acres Jampnorum , used in Fines , is a made word from the Fr. jaulne , i. yellow , because the bloomings of Furze are yellow , and Jampnum in our Law books and Fines , signifies Furze . Ia●zaries ( i. the new Souldiery ) are the Turks principal foot Souldiers , that are of his Guard , who for the most part by original being Christians , are chosen by the Turkish Officers every five years , out of his European Dominions , or are taken Captives in their child-hood . Iannes and Iambres , two Egyptian Sorcerers of chief note , who resisted Moses , 2 Tim. 3.8 ▪ Iannock ( avenacenum ) a loaf of bread made onely of Oaten meal , so called in the North of England . Iansenism or Iansenianism The Tenets and Opinion of Cornel. Jansenius late Bishop of Ypres , whose writings seemed to hold forth these five Propositions . 1. Some Precepts of God are impossible to just men , willing and endeavoring , according to the present power they have ; Grace also is wanting to them , whereby they might be possible . 2. In the state of lapsed nature , there is no resistance made to interior Grace . 3. To merit and demerit in the state of lapsed nature , there is not required in man liberty from necessity , but liberty from coaction is sufficient . 4. The Semi-Pelagians did admit the necessity of interior preventing Grace to every act , even to the beginning of faith ; and in this they were hereticks , because they would have that Grace to be such , as the will of man might resist or obey . 5. It is Semi-Pelagianism to say , that Christ died or shed his blood for all men without exception . These Propositions ( though much defended in France and Flanders ) were condemned by Pope Innocent the tenth ; in the Calends of June , 1653. Ianus was the God to whom the year was dedicated , and therefore it began with his festival , and the first moneth was nominated from him , for which cause he was represented with two faces , to shew he looked both backward on the time past , and forward on that to come , and sometimes with four faces ; to signifie perhaps ( for I know other reasons are given ) the sour seasons of the year . Annorum nitidique sator pulcherrime Mundi , Publica quem primum vota precesque canunt . Mart. To this god , Numa built a Temple , which in time of peace was shut , and in war open . Mr. Cowley . Iar ( Span. Jarro , i.e. an earthen pot ) with us it is most usually taken for a vessel of Oyl containing twenty Gallons . Iargon ( Fr. ) gibbrish , fustian-language , Pedlers-French , a barbarous jangling . Iasper ( jaspis ) a precious stone of divers colours , but the best is green , transparent with red veins , and shews fairest being set in silver : it is good to stop any issue of blood . Iasponyx ( Gr. ) a kind of Jasper white of colour with red strakes , not much unlike the nail of a mans hand . Iatraliptick ( jatraliptes ) a Physitian or Chyrurgeon that cures onely by outward application of oyntments or frications . Iatromathematique ( from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , medicus , and mathematicus ) may signifie a Physitian that is also a Mathematitian , or a Physitian that cures in a mathematical way . Iaveline ( Fr. ) a weapon of a size between the Pike and Partisan . Ibis ( Lat. ) a tall strong bird in Egypt with a long bill , which doth much good there in killing Serpents , and when he is sick , he gives himself a Clister of salt-water ; some write , that Hippocrates first learned of this bird to give Clisters . Min. Icarian Sea , so called from Icarus , who ( as the Poets will have it ) flying from Creet with his waxen wings , and not following his Father Daedalus directly , was there drowned . Thus Ovid. Dum petit infirmis nimium sublimia pennis Icarus , Icariis nomina fecit aquis . Whilst Icaru's weak wings too high did soar , He fell , and Christned the Icarian shoar . Ich dien , the true old Sax , was Ih or Ic●thian , or thiene , i. I serve ; some will have it come from the Brittish Etch dyn , i. your man , in that language ; it is the Motto belonging to the Devise of the Princes of Wales , which we commonly , though corruptly call the Princes Arms ; the figure is three Ostrich feathers , which ( saith Cambden ) Edw. the Black Prince won at the battle of Cressy , from John K. of Bohemia , whom he there slew , whereto he adjoyned this old English Motto , alluding to that of the Apostle , The heir while he is a childe differs nothing from a servant . These feathers were an antient ornament of military men , and used for Crests , as is evident by that of Virgil. Cujus olorinae surgunt de vertice pennae . Ichnography ( ichnographia ) a plot of a house to be built , drawn out in paper , or the description of any work according to its tract or tracery on the ground , as it were the footsteppings of the work . For Ichnographia in Gr. is , quasi vestigii descriptio ; or descriptio operis futuri . Ichthyology ( ichthyologia ) a discoursing or description of fishes . Br. Ichthyonomancy ( Gr. ) a divination by fishes . Ichthyophagie ( Gr. ) fish-eating . Iconical ( iconicus ) belonging to an Image ; also lively pictured . Iconism ( iconismus ) a true and lively description . Iconomical belonging to Images , or after the manner of Images . Iconoclast ( Gr. ) a demolisher or breaker of Images ; also a Sect so called , sprung up about the year of Christ 719 in time of Pope Gregory the second , and Leo the third Emperor , who , for casting holy Images and Statues out of the Churches , and causing them to be burnt or broken , was surnamed the Iconoclast or Iconomachus . Against which was gathered the seventh Nicene Synod consisting of 350. Bishops , who decreed against , and condemned it for heresie , &c. Idea ( Gr. ) the form or figure of any thing conceived in the mind or imagination ; a pattern . The Platonists define Idea an eternal exemplar of things which are according to nature . Ideal ( idealis ) pertaining to an Idea , imaginary , conceived in the imagination , onely in fancy . Ideated ( from Idaea ) made by or for a pattern ; figured in the imagination . Ides ( Idus ) eight days in every moneth so called . In March , May , July and October , these eight days begin at the eighth day of the month , and continue to the fifteenth ; in other moneths they begin at the sixth day , and continue to the thirteenth . Sex Maius Nonas , October Julius & Mars ; Quatuor & reliqui ; tenet Idus quilibet Octo. ●nde dies reliques omnes die esse Kalendas . Where note , that the last day onely is called Ides : and the first of these days the eighth Ides ; the second , the seventh Ides ; that is the eighth or seventh day before the Ides , and so of the rest . Therefore when we speak of the Ides of such a month in general , it is to be understood of the fifteenth or thirteenth day of that moneth . They are so called of an old word Idus , to divide ; for that they commonly fall out near the midst of the moneth as aforesaid ; according to Horace , — Idus tibi sunt agendae , Qui dies mensem Veneris marinae findit Aprilem . Identification , the making two things to be the same . Idemity , ( from idem ) sameness , or being the very same . Idiosyncrasy ( Gr. ) natural property , or peculiar temperament of any thing . Idiopathy ( idiopathia ) proper passion or particular affection . Idiograph ( idiographum ) a private writing ; or of ones own hand writing . Idiotical ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) private , or belonging to private men ; also belonging to an Idiot . Idiom ( idioma ) a proper form of speech , a Dialect . See Dialect . Idiot ( idiota ) one that is naturally born so weak of understanding , that he cannot govern or manage his Inheritance . The King by his Prerogative has the Government of their Lands and Substance , that are naturally defective in their own discretion ; 17 E. 2. cap. 8. An Idiot , and he that afterwards becomes of insane memory , differ in divers cases . Coke fol. 154. b. lib. 4. Idiotism ( idiotismus ) natural folly , simplicity , sottishness ; also the same with Idiom , a form of speech taken up by the vulgar . Idolatry ( idololatria ) a giving divine worship to that which is not God ; an Idol signifies properly a shadow , or rather a vain vision , or false representation of a thing that is not . Eustachius upon Homer . Pol. Virg. affirms Idolatry to have begun in the time of Belus King of the Assyrians , who reigned An. Mun 3180. whom the Babylonians first worshipped for a God. Idoneity ( idoneitas ) fitness , propriety . Idoneous ( idoneus ) proper , fit , meet , convenient . Idyl ( idyllium or idyllion ) a Poem consisting of few Verses . Iehovah ( Hebr. ) is Gods proper name of his own imposition , and incommunicable to any creature , of what rank or quality soever ; a name of such immoderate reverence among the eldest Jews , that it was forbidden to be written right , or pronounced at all in this world , but by the High-Priest , and but in one place , the Sanctum Sanctorum , and but at one time of the year , in the day of expiation . Gregory , p. 5. Iehu-match , a speedy quick march , such as that was of Jehu , King of Israel , who , marching with a troop of men towards Jezreel , stopt the messengers that were sent to him out of the Town , to learn whether he came as a man of peace , a friend , or a foe ? whereof you may read more , 4 King. 9.10 . Iejune ( jejunus ) greedy , hungry , bare , barren , empty , nothing , copious . Iejunity ( jejunitas ) slenderness of style , barrenness , nakedness . Ie-ne-scay-quoy ( four French words , contracted as it were into one , and ) signifies , I know not what , we use to say they are troubled with the Je-ne-scay quoy , that feign themselves sick out of niceness , but know not where their own griefs lies , or what ayls them . Ieofaile , is compounded three French words , I'ay faille , I have failed ; and signifies in our Common Law an over-sight , failing , or defect in pleading . See New terms of Law. Ieremy ( Heb. ) high of the Lord. Iesuats , an Order of Monks ( begun at Siena in Italy by John Columbanus and Fran. Vincent , A. 1365 ) so called from their often having the name of Jesus in their mouths . Pope Vrban the fifth approved them , and enjoyned them to wear a white garment , a white cover for their head , a leather girdle , and to go barefoot , using onely wooden soles ; these were afterwards called Apostolici . Drantzius and Surius . Iesutes , Those of the Society of Jesus , a Religious Order first founded by St. Ignatius Loyola , born in Biscay , in the year 1492. Pope Paul the third confirmed this Order , Sep. 15. 1540. To the three Vows of Poverty , Obedience , and Chastity , common to all other Orders , St. Ignatius at the institution hereof , added the Vow of Mission , which is this . — And further we judge it expedient for our greater devotion to the Sea Apostolique , and more full abnegation of our own wills and pleasures ; that the professed of this Society , besides the common bond of the three Vows , be further tied by special Vow ; so as that whatsoever the Roman Bishop for the time being shall command , pertaining to the salvation of souls , and propagation of the Faith , they shall be bound to execute , without tergiversation or excuse ; whether they shall be sent unto Turks or Infidels , yea even unto those that are commonly called the Indians , or unto any other Hereticks or Schismaticks whatsoever . Iesuah ( Heb. ) salvator ; by that name and by Jehoshuah , which signifies Deus salvabit , our Saviour Christ was foretold , in the Old Testament ; From the Hebrew Jesuah comes the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which the Latins write Jesus . Iesus ( Lat. ) the proper name of our Saviour Christ , designed him from heaven by the Angel Gabriel , and the reason of its imposition is given by those words of the said Angel , ( Matth. 1. ) And his name shall be JESVS , because he shall save his people from their sins ; the word Jesus signifying a Saviour . In Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 per Anagramma est 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. tu es ovis illa , i. ovis illa pro peccatis nostris immolata , Agnus mactatus ante jacta mundi fundamenta . In abbreviation this sacred name is usually written thus , I H S. which middle letter some take to be an h , when as it is in truth the Greek H , Eta , or E longum . Jesus in the China tongue signifies the rising Sun. Greg. Ietson . See Flotson . Iews-ears , An Excrescence about the root of Elder , and concerns not the Nation of the Jews , as some imagin , Br. Ignaro ( Ital. ) one that is ignorant ; A fool , or dunce , an Ignoramus . Ignify ( ignifacio ) to burn . Igniferous ( ignifer ) that beareth fire . Ignipotent ( ignipotens ) mighty by fire . Ignis Fatuus ( Lat. ) foolish fire , or ( as the Country people call it ) Will of the Wisp , is a certain viscous substance , reflecting light in the dark , evaporated out of a fat earth , and flying in the air . It commonly haunts Church-yards , Privies and Fens , because 't is begotten out of fatness ; it flyes about Rivers , Hedges , &c. because in those places there is a certain flux of air ; it follows one that flyes it , and flyes one that follows it ; because the air doth so . Per. Instit . It is called Ignis fatuus , because it onely feareth fools . Hence 't is , when men are led away with some idle fancy or conceit , we use to say an Ignis fatuus hath done it . Ignitible ( ignitibilis ) that may be turned into fire , combustible . Vul. Er , Ignition ( ignitio ) a burning or firing of a thing . Ignivomous ( ignivomus ) that spits out fire ; as the hills Aetna and Vesuvius are said to do : Ignominy ( ignominia ) discredit , reproach , slander , rebuke , dishonor . Ignominious ( ignominiosus ) infamous , reproachful , dishonorable . Ignoramus , the first person plural of ignoro , signifies properly we are ignorant ; but it 's commonly used as a Noun . As when we say such a one is an Ignoramus , i. a fool or a dolt . In our Common Law it is properly used by the grand Enquest , empannelled in the Inquisition of causes criminal and publick ; and written upon the Bill , whereby any crime is offered to their consideration , when they mislike their evidence , as defective or too weak to make good the Presentment . The effect of which word so written , is , that all farther inquiry upon that party , for that fault , is thereby stopped , and he delivered without further answer ; It has a resemblance with that custom of the ancient Romans ; where the Judges , when they absolved a person accused , did write A , upon a little Table provided for that purpose , i. Absolvimus : If they judged him guilty , they writ C. i. Condemnamus : if they found the cause difficult and doubtful , they wrote N.L. i. Non Liquet . Alex. ab Alexandro . Genial . dierum lib. 3. c. 14. Ignoscible ( ignoscibilis ) tolerable , to be pardoned . H.S. This Character , compounded of two Capital II. and the letter S. thus coupled together , signifies Sestertius , i. a silver coyn among the Romans consisting of two Asses and a half , whence it has the name Sestertius , quasi semistertius , i. two and half the third : and therefore you see the numeral note of two , and S for semis , which is half ; it is the fourth part of the Roman Denarius , and in value among us three half pence farthing . q. Ike●uld street , is one of the four famous ways the Romans made in England , taking denomination , ab Icenis , which were the inhabitants of Norfolke , Suffolke , and Cambridge-shire , Cam. Brit fol. 343. See Watling-street . Iliad ( ilias , adis ) Homers Poem of the destruction of Troy ; so when we say an Iliad of evils or sorrow , is meant as many mischeifs , or as much grief , as befel the Trojans , at the Seige and destruction of their City ; also a Poem of evils , or sorrow . Iles ( ilia ) the flanks , that part of the entrals , which contains the three first or small guts , so termed by Anatomists . Iliacal Iliaque ( iliacus ) of or belonging to the Iles or small guts . Illabora●e ( illaboratus ) done or made without labor , plain , unlaboured . Illacerable ( illacerabilis ) that cannot be torn or rent in pieces . Illachrymation ( illacrymatio ) a weeping or bewailing . Illaqueate ( illaqueo ) to bind , snare or entangle . Illatebration ( illatebratio ) a hiding , or seeking of corners . Illation ( illatio ) an inference , conclusion , a reason or allegation that inforceth ; a bringing in of a matter . Illatration ( illatratio ) a barking against one . Illecebrous ( illecebrosus ) that enticeth or allureth . Illegitimate ( illegitimus ) unlawful , base-born , bastard . Illepid ( illepidus ) without delectation or grace , unpleasant . Illiciteus Illicite ( illicitus ) unlawful , without warrant . Illigation ( illigatio ) an inwrapping or intangling . Illimitable , that cannot be limited or bounded . Illogical , not logical , not according to the rules of Logick . Illucidate ( illucido ) to enlighten or give light , to clear or explicate clearly . Illuminous ( illuminosus ) without light . Illusion ( illusio ) a mocking or scorning . Illusory ( from Illusor , a mocker ) that mocketh or scorneth . Illutible ( illutibilis ) that cannot be purged from filth . Imbargo or Embargo ( Span. ) a stop or stay ; an usual word among our Merchants , when their ships or Merchandizes are arrested upon any occasion . Imbecillity ( imbecillitas ) weakness , feebleness . And ●ome use the word imbecillate or weakened or enfeebled . Imbellick ( imbellis ) unaccustomed to war● , nothing manly , cowardly . Felth. Imber days , or Imber weeks ( quatuor tempora ) which weeks are four in the year , and antiently , Wednesday , Friday , and Saturday in each week were fasts according to these old Verses , Post cineres , Pentec . post crucem , postque Luciam , Mercurii , Veneris , Sabathi , jejunia fient . That is , the next Wednesday , &c. after Cineres or Ash-wednesday , after Pentecost , i. Whit-sunday , after holy-rood-day , or the exaltation of the Cross ; and the next after St. Lucies lay in December . See Ember . Imbibe ( imbibo ) to receive in , to drink in . Imbibition ( from imbibe ) a drinking or receiving in . Imbosk ( Fr. Embosquer ) to side or shroud ones self in a wood . Schism . Disp . Imbossement . See Embossement . Imbossed work in mettal or stone , is made with bosses or bunches , and comes of the German word Imbessieren , i. caelare formam aliquam . Min. Imbricate ( imbricatus ) square and bent like a roof or gutter-Tile , which the Latins tall Imbrex ; also coverd with such a Tile . Imbrication ( imbricatio ) a covering with Tile . Imbrocado . See Brocado . Imitative ( imitativus ) made or done by imitation , apt to imitate . Immanity ( immanitas ) outragiousness , cruelty , excess . Immansuete ( immansuetus ) ungentle , untractable , outragious , wilde . Immanuel . See Emmanuel . Immarcessible ( immarcessibilis ) incorruptible , unwitherable , immortal . Immaturity ( immaturitas ) untimeliness , unripeness . Immedicable ( immedicabilis ) that cannot be cured . Immemorable ( immemrabilis ) unworthy remembrance , that is to be forgotten , that cannot be remembred . Immersible ( immersibilis ) that cannot be drowned . Imminution ( imminutio ) a diminishing or making less . Immission ( immissio ) a sending or putting in , a setting or graffing . Bac. Immolate ( immolo ) to offer , to sacrifice . Immolation ( immolatio ) a Sacrificing or Offering . Immunity ( immunitas ) freedom from any thing ; liberty . Immusical , that hath no musick or harmony . Impacable ( impacabilis ) that cannot be appeased . Impacted ( impactus ) dashed or beaten against ; cast or put into . Impale ( Fr. Empaler ) to spit on a stake , to thrust a stake in at the Fundament and out at the mouth ( a manner of death inflicted on offenders by the Turks ) Also a term in Heraldry , signifying , as it were the halfing a Coat of Arms ; when a Coat is quartered , the Escotcheon is divided into four parts ; when impaled , into two . Impanation ( impanatio ) the turning another substance into bread . Imparlance . v. Emparlance . Impe , a term most usual among Falconers , and is when a Feather in a Hawks wing is broken , and another piece imped or graffed to the stump of the old . But may be handsomly used in a metaphorical sence to other purposes ; As to Impe the Feathers of time with several recreations . Sir P.S. Himp or ●imp in the Brittish language is surculus , a young graff or twig , thence impto the Verb , to incculate or graff . Hence the word to imp is borrowed by the English , first surely to graff trees , and thence translated to imping feathers . Imparity ( imparitas ) inequality , unlikeness . Impeachment of Waste , ( from the Fr. Empeschement , i. impedimentum ) signifies with us a restraint from committing waste upon Lands or Tenements . Impeccable ( impeccabilis ) that cannot offend or do amiss . Impeccability ( impeccabilitas ) an impossibility to sin . Impedient ( impediens ) letting , staying or hindering . Impeditive ( impeditus ) that lets or hinders . Impend ( impendo ) to spend or lay out moneys , to bestow , to employ . Impendious ( impendiosus ) too liberal , that spends more then needs . Impenetrable ( impenetrabilis ) that cannot be pierced or entered , invincible . Impennous ( impennatus ) without feathers , that has no feathers . Vul. Er. Imperative ( imperativus ) that commands , or that is commanded . Imperceptible ( imperceptus ) that cannot be taken or conceived . Imperil ( from periculum ) to hazard or put into danger . Imperforation ( ab in & perforo ) a closing or shutting up for want of boring or piercing . Impersonal ( impersonalis ) that hath no person . Impervestigable , that cannot be sought or found out . Impervious ( impervius ) that cannot be passed or gone through . Impetiginosity ( impetiginositas ) scabbiness . Impetrable ( impetrabilis ) that may be obtained by desire , or prayer . Impetration ( impetro ) an obtaining by request and prayer . Impetuous ( impetuosus ) boisterous , violent , furious , most forcible , sweeping away whatsoever is before it . Impetuosity ( impetuositas ) boisterousness , great violence , over-bearing fury . Impiated ( impiatus ) defiled , not purged from sin , stained . Impicate ( impico ) to cover with pitch . Impignerate ( impignero ) to lay to pledge or pawn . Impigrity ( impigritas ) quickness , diligence . Impigrous ( impiger ) diligent , quick , ready , not slow . Impinge ( impingo ) to hirl or throw against a thing ; to beat or dash ; to run on ground or against a Rock . Impinguate ( impinguo ) to make fat . Impinguation , a making fat . Bac. Implacable ( implacabilis ) that cannot be pleased or reconciled , obstinate . Implacability ( implacabilitas ) frowardness ; not to be pleased . Implead , is a Law word , and signifies to sue , arrest , or prosecute by course of Law. Implements ( from impleo , to fill up ) is used for things of necessary use in any Trade or Mystery , without which the work cannot be accomplished ; and also for the Furniture of a house , with which the house is filled . Implication ( implicatio ) a wrapping or intangling within , annoyance , incumbrance . Implicite ( implicitus ) wrapped or tied fast together , mixed one with another , incumbred . Implicitly ( implicitè ) obscurely , intricately ; a thing is said to be implied , or expressed implicitly , when it is folded or mixed with another , and does not appear in express terms . Implore ( imploro ) to desire lamentably with tears , to beseech , to call upon for help . Impluvious ( impluvius ) wet with rain . Impolite ( impolitus ) not polished , rude , rough . Imporcation ( imporcatio ) the making a balk in plowing Land. Importuous ( importuosus ) without port or haven . Imporous ( imporosus ) without pores or holes . Imposititious names ( nomina imposititia ) primitive or radical names . Varro . Impositive ( impositivus ) unnatural ; imposed or given to . Impositor ( Lat. ) the Impositor or Monitor in a School ; also he that imposes the pages into a form for the Press , after the Compositor has set the Letters into pages . Impost ( Fr. ) Imposition , Tallage , Custome , Tribute ; and more particularly it signifies the tax received by the Prince for such Merchandises as are brought into any haven from other Nations . Ann. 31. Eliz. c. 5. And I think it may in some sort be distinguished from Custom , because Custom is rather that profit which the Prince makes of wares shipped out of the Land ; yet they may be confounded . Impostor ( Lat. ) a cousener , deceiver , jugler , a seller of counterfeit wares for current . Imposture ( impostura ) cousening , deceit , jugling . Impostume ( apostema ) a quantity of evil humors , gathered into one part of the body ; whereof there are two kinds , one when inflamed blood , being turned to corrupt matter , fills some place ; the other , when without any inflammation , nature thrusts those humors into some part apt to receive them . Bull. Imprecate ( imprecor ) to wish some evil to come , to curse . Impreciable ( from precium ) unpriseable , unvaluable . Impregnable ( Fr. imprenable ) unexpugnable , which cannot be forced . Imprescriptible ( from in and praescriptus ) without the compass of prescription , which by no length of time can be aliened or lost . Cotg. Imprese ( from the Italian Verb imprendere , i. to undertake ) is a Devise in picture with his Motto or word , born by noble and learned personages , to notifie some particular conceit , design , or undertaking . See Devise . Imprest money . See Prest money . Impression ( impressio ) a printing , stamp or mark ; an Impression of Books is usually taken with us for 1500 copies ; in France 1250 is the usual Journèe or days-work . Improbate ( improbo ) to disallow , to dispraise or dislike . Imprimings ( from imprimis ) beginnings , first Essays Sir H. Wotton . Improcerous ( improcerus ) low , not tall . Improlifical ( from improles ) that begets not issue , without young , not apt to have issue . Impromiscuous ( impromiscuus ) unmingled , not confused . Improperate● ( impropero ) to upbraid a man with some fault ; also to make haste to go in . Impropriation ( appropriatio ) a Parsonage or Ecclesiastical Living , coming to one by inheritance . See Appropriation . Impulse ( impulsio ) a motion , a perswading to a thing , a stirring . Impunity ( impunitas ) lack of punishment , pardon of punishment . Imputrescible ( imputrescibilis ) that will not rot ; uncorruptible . Inadulable ( inadulabilis ) that will not be flattered . Inaffable ( inaffabilis ) not affable , discourteous . Inalimental , which hath no nourishment , or nourisheth not . Bac. Inambulate ( inambulo ) to walk up and down in a place . Inamissible ( inamissibilis ) that cannot be lost . Inaniloquent ( inaniloquus ) that speaks vainly , a babler . Inanimate ( inanimatus ) that has no soul , without life . Inanity ( inanitas ) emptiness , voidness ; also vanity . Inarable ( inarabilis ) not arable , that cannot be plowed . Inauspicuous ( inauspicuus ) hard to be seen , invisible . Inaudible ( inaudibilis ) that is not to be heard . Inaugurate ( inauguro ) to ask counsel of the Augures what shall follow , to dedicate to soothsaying ; also to dignifie or ennoble one , to invest one with an Office or place of honour . Incalescence ( from incalesco ) a being or waxing very hot , lusty , or fierce . Incandescence ( from incandesco ) a being or waxing very angry , or greatly inflamed . Incanescence ( from incanesco ) a waxing hoary or white-headed . Incantator ( Lat. ) a charmer or enchanter . Incarcerate ( incarcero ) to imprison or put in prison . Incarnadin ( Fr. ) properly a deep , rich or bright Carnation . Incarnation ( incarnatio ) the bringing on of flesh , a being made of flesh , an assuming flesh . An Incarnate colour , is a Carnation colour , a flesh colour , or of the colour of our Damask Rose . Incarnative , is a certain Salve or Medicine , to cause flesh to grow . Incastellated ( Fr. encastellé ) narrow-heeled ( as a horse . ) Incendiary ( incendiarius ) a fire-brand , a setter of houses on fire ; one that sows divisions . See Boute-feu . Incense ( incendo ) to set on fire , to inflame , to stir up to anger . Incense ( a Noun ) signifies the best Frankinsense or a kinde of excellent perfume ; used in Churches for sacred uses . Incension ( ab incendo ) a burning or inflaming . Incension ( ab incino ) melody of instruments , or of men singing together . Incensory ( Fr. Incensoir ) a Church-Vessel to burn Incense in ; a censing or perfuming pan . Incentive ( incentivum ) a provokement , assay or tryal ; a thing that will quickly take fire . Incentive ( Adjectively ) that moves or provokes unto . Incentor ( Lat. ) he that sings the descant . In singing there are three degrees , the first Succentor , the second Incentor , the third Accentor . Also a make-bate , or Boutefeu . Inception ( inceptio ) a beginning or enterprize . Incerning ( incernens ) sifting , trying by sifting , looking narrowly into . Incessantly ( incessanter ) without intermission , continually . Incession ( from incedo ) a going or walking . Incest ( incestus ) did signifie all kind of pollution , committed by undoing or untying the girdle called Cestus or Zona , but now in a more strict acceptation it signifies onely that kinde of naughtiness , which is committed between two of near kin . Godwin . Incestuous ( incestus ) that defiles one of near kin , polluted , unchaste . Inchoate ( inchoo ) to begin , or to take his beginning . Inchoative ( inchoativus ) beginning , or that beginneth . Inchantment ( incantamentum ) a Charm. See Conjuration . Incident ( incidens , ab in & caedo ) cutting off , letting or hindering . Incident ( incidens , ab in & cado , a circumstance or by-matter , a thing which comes indirectly into a fact or question , or ( being not properly of the substance thereof ) arises from it collaterally or side-ways ; Also a chance , accident , casualty . Cotgr. In Law it signifies a thing necessarily depending upon another , as more principal . For example , a Court Baron is so incident to a Mannor , and a Court of Pie-powders to a Fair , that they cannot be severed by Grant : Or if a Mannor or Fair be granted , these Courts cannot be reserved . Kitch . fol. 36. Inciperable , that is not reducable to ashes or cinders . Incine 〈◊〉 ( from in and cinis ) a reducing or converting into Ashes , Imbers or Cinders . Mont. Incipati● ( from incipio ) a beginning or going about . Incision ( incisio ) a cutting or lancing ; also a short pointing of a Sentence . Incisur● ( incisura ) a cut or gash , a lancing or slitting . Inclusion ( inclusio ) a shutting or closing in . Incogitabi● ( incogitabilis ) that which is not thought of , or which cannot be comprehended by thought ; foolish , rash , unadvised . Incogitancy ( incogitantia ) rashness , unadvisedness . Incohible ( incohibilis ) that cannot be restrained . Incolumity ( incolumitas ) healthfulness , safety , freedom from danger . Incomity ( incomitas ) discourtesie . Incommeable ( incommeabilis ) unpassable . Incommensurable ( from in and commensus ) that hath not an equal proportion or measure , o● that cannot be measured with another thing Incommisc●ry ( from in and commisceo ) that cannot be mixed or mingled together . Incommunicable ( incommunicabilis ) not in common to other , not to be attributed or imparted to other . Incommutative ( incommutatus ) not to be changed or altered . Incompatible ( ab in and compatior ) disagreeing , not enduring one another ; that will not suffer together , irreconcileable . Incompossible , a term in Logick , and is when one Proposition affirms what another denies . Perip . Inst . Incomprehensible ( incomprehensibilis ) that cannot be comprehended or numbered . Incomputrible ( incomputribilis ) that will not rot or decay , incorruptible . Inconcinnity ( inconcinnitas ) an ill grace , unfitness , unhandsomness , disproportion . Incongelable ( incongelabilis ) that cannot be frozen . Incongruous ( incongruus ) disagreeable , unmeet . Inconsolable ( inconsolabilis ) that cannot be comforted or asswaged . Incontinency ( incontinentia ) lack of moderation in affections and lusts . Incordiate ( incordio ) to put into a mans heart , to perswade him . Incorporate ( incorporo ) to mix two or more substances together . Incorporeal ( incorporeus ) that hath no body . Incrassate ( incrasso ) to make thick or gross . Br. Incremable , that cannot be burnt . Increment ( incrementum ) increase , augmentation , a waxing bigger . Br. Incressant ( from incresco ) a term in Heraldry , signifying the Moon past the prime , and yet not come to the full . Increpate ( increpo ) to make a noise , to creak ; Also to reprove or chide . Incrustation ( incrustatio ) a pargetting , rough-casting , a crustiness , or thick scabbedness . Incubation ( incubatio ) a lying , sitting abroad , hatching . Br. Incubus ( Lat. ) A Devil that sometimes in mans shape lies with women , as Succubus doth with men . Also a disease called the Night-Mare , when a man in his sleep supposes he has a great weight lying on him , and feels himself almost strangled ; in such sort that he cannot turn himself , nor sit up , nor call for help . The vulgar think it some spirit , but Physitians affirm it to be a natural disease , caused by humors undigested in the stomack , which fuming up to the brain , do there trouble the Animal spirits , stopping their passage into the sinews , so that the body cannot move . Bull. Inculcate ( inculco ) to pour or thrust in , to repeat often , to beat into the memory . Inculpable ( inculpabilis ) blameless , unreprovable . Incumbent ( incumbens ) leaning , lying , falling or resting upon . An Incumbent in our Common Law , is he that is presented , admitted , and instituted to any Church or Benefice with Cure , who is therefore called the Incumbent of that Church , because he bends all his study to the discharge of the Cure there . Terms of Law. Incursion ( incursio ) a meeting of things together , a hitting one against another . Incussion ( incussio ) a dashing together . Indagation ( indagatio ) a searching , or diligent seeking out . Indefatigable ( indefatigabilis ) that cannot be wearied or tired . Indefinite ( indefinitus ) not determined , not defined , not limited or bounded , not decreed . Indeleble ( indelebilis ) that cannot be put or raced out ; perpetual . Indemnity ( indemnitas ) eschewing of damage , escaping without hurt , damagelesness . Independents , are so called , because they depend upon the arbitrement of no National Church , nor Civil State , but order all things belonging to Doctrine , and Church-Government within their private Congregations . See Congregationalists . Indeprecable ( indeprecabilis ) that will not be intreated , or moved to yeeld . Indeprehensible ( indperehensibilis ) that cannot be deprehended or taken . Indesinent ( indesinens ) without ceasing , continual . Indeterminately ( indeterminaté ) not precisely this , but either this or another . Index ( Lat. ) the Table of a Book , a Summary ; a mark , sign or token . And in the plural number Indices . Indication ( indicatio ) the mark whereby the Chyrurgeon is directed to the remedy that will best fit his Patient ; also a commending or prizing of sale Wares , a shewing . Indicative ( indicativus ) that whereby any thing is shewed and declared . Indiciduous ( from indicium ) that shews or detects ; or that pertains to the signs , whereby one may judge of any thing ; also not apt to fall . Indico , a stone brought out of Turky , wherewith Diers use to Dye Blew . Indiction ( indictio ab indicendo ) the space of fifteen years , by which account Charters and publick writings are dated at Rome ; every year still increasing one till it come to fifteen , and then returning to one again . These Indictions ( as Bede notes ) began the 24 day of September , and were devised ( as he thinks ) to avoid confusion in Chronology . Indiction is most properly said de Tributo indicto , as appears by the title in the Code ( lib. 10. Tit. 16. ) And these Indictions began at the very dismission of the Nicen Council ; succeeding ( saith Onuphrius ) in place of the Olympiads , which as unchristian , the Emperor had forbidden . Greg. See Epoche . Indictive ( indictivus ) that which is declared , appointed or solemnly uttered , whereunto the people were wont to be called by Proclamation . Indigenous Indigenital ( from indigena ) born in the same Town or Country ; natural . Indigent ( indigens ) that is in necessity , needy , poor , penurious . Indigence ( indigentia ) need , want , poverty . Indigestible ( indigestibilis ) not able to be digested . Indigitate ( indigito ) to signifie or shew , with pointing the finger ; to call by name . Indignation ( indignatio ) disdain , scorn , anger , wrath . Indignity ( indignitas ) unworthiness , dishonesty , lack of reputation , infamy . Indissoluble ( indissolubilis ) that cannot be loosed or undone . Individual ( individuus ) that may not be divided , inseparable . Individuality Individuity ( individuitas ) inseparableness , unpartableness . Individuum ( Lat. ) one singular thing ; that which cannot be divided , a body inseparable , a Moat ; Also a term in Logick , when we directly express and seem to point to that thing which we speak of : As in saying , This Horse , that Man ; for though the words [ horse or man ] may be applied to any horse or man , yet being so expresly pointed at , they cannot then be drawn to signifie other then those two . Individuum Vagum , a singular thing not determined to be this or that in particular . Indivisible ( indivisibilis ) that cannot be divided . Indocility ( indocilitas ) unaptness to learn. Indoctrinate ( indoctrino ) to teach or instruct . Indomable ( indomabilis ) that cannot be tamed . Indolency ( indolentia , Fr. indoleance ) no apprehension of grief , no feeling of sorrow , unsensibleness of , or want of sense in pain . Indorsation ( from in and dorsum ) an indorsing ; or writing on the backside ; a bearing , or laying on the back . Indubitate ( indubitatus ) without doubt , for certain . Induciary ( induciarius ) pertaining to truce or league . Sir Hen. Wotton ( speaking of the times of Queen Elizabeth ) calls King James ( then King of Scotland ) induciat heir of this Imperial Crown . Rel. Wot . p. 13. Induction ( inductio ) a drawing , entry , or leading into ; an inducement , alluring or perswasion unto ; also a form of argument from particulars , proceeding to universals . We take Induction ( says my Lord Bacon ) to be that form of demonstration , which supports sence , presses nature , and is instanced in works , and in a sort mingled therewith . Indue ( induo ) to put on a garment or other like thing . Indulcate Indulciate ( indulco ) to make sweet . Felth. Indulgence ( indulgentia ) pardon , favor , gentleness in suffering . If you desire to know the nature and quality of Indulgences in the Roman Catholick sence , See Mr. Cressies Exomologesis , p. 444. Indulgiat● ( from indulgeo , es ) to be merciful , to make too much of one , to pardon . Félthams Resolves . Indult ( indultus ) a Grant or favour ; a written instrument of a grant or favor made by a Pope or Prince . Indument ( indumentum ) a Garment or Vesture . Indura● ( induratus ) hardned , unrelenting . Induration ( induratio ) a hardning or making hard . Induciated ( induciatus ) cloathed with a Petticoat , Waste-coat or Shirt . Inebriate ( inebrio ) to make drunk , to be drunk . Ineffable ( ineffabilis ) unspeakable , unutterable , which no tongue can tell , no speech deliver , no terms express . Ineffugible ( ineffugibilis ) inevitable not to be avoided . Inept ( ineptus ) unapt , foolish , fond , out of season . Ineptitude ( ineptitudo ) unaptness , fondness , foolishness , trisling , vainness . Inequitable ( inequitabilis ) that cannot be rid through . Inertitude ( inertitudo ) sloathfulness , dulness , without Science or any craft . Inestuate ( inaestuo ) to be very hot , to boyl vehemently . Inexaturable ( inexaturabilis ) that cannot be filled . Inexhauribility , a disability to draw out or empty . Inexorable ( inexorabilis ) that cannot or will not be intreated , churlish , obdurate . Inexpiable ( inexpiabilis ) that cannot be purged , cleansed or satisfied for . Inexplicable ( inexplicabilis ) that cannot be declared or expounded , unexpressible , undisplayable , intricate . Inexpugnable ( inexpugnabilis ) that cannot be forced or won , invincible , impregnable . Inextinguible ( inextinguibilis ) that cannot be quenched , unquenchable . Inextirpable ( inextirpabilis ) that cannot be rooted out , or pulled up . Inextricable ( inextricabilis ) so confused or difficult that one cannot wind himself out of it , whereof one cannot be rid . Inexuperable ( inexuperabilis ) that cannot be passed or overcome , invincible . To Infame ( infamo ) so slander or speak ill of , to defame . Infandous ( infandus ) so great , so heinous , or villainous , that it may not be spoken , exceeding wicked . Infanta of Spain every Daughter of that King , not being Heir , whether first , second , or third , &c. the Heir is called Princesa , and the rest Infanta's ; so the Sons are called Infantes and the Heir Principe , of the Latin Infans a childe . Infanterie ( Spa. ) the Footmen , or Foot Souldiers of an Army . Infanticide ( infanticidium ) a slaying or killing of Infants , child-murthering ; such was that of Herod , soon after our Saviours birth . Infatigable ( infatigabilis ) that cannot be wearied or tired . Infatuate ( infatuo ) to make foolish or besot . Infaustous Infausting ( from infaustus ) unlucky , unfortunate , dismal . Lo. Bac. Inferial ( inferialis ) belonging to Funeral Obsequies . Infernal ( infernalis ) belonging to Hell , low , neathermost . Inferrible ( from infero ) that may be inferred , brought or carryed in , or concluded . Infestive ( infestivus ) unpleasant , nothing sportful . Inficial Inficiatory ( inficialis ) that pertains to denial , negative . Inficiation , a denial , a negation . Infidous ( infidus ) unfaithful , not to be trusted , false . Infimous ( infimus ) the lowest , the meanest , very humble . Infinitive ( infinitivus ) that has no end , innumerable , without measure . The Infinitive Mood , so called , because it is without end or time ; it defines neither number nor person , as other Moods do , as Amare to love . Infirmarie ( infirmarium ) that place or part of a Monastery , wherein the sick had the benefit of Physick and attendance private to themselves ; Also an Hospital for sick or maimed people . Inflammation ( inflammatio ) a kindling , inflaming or setting on fire . Inflation ( inflatio ) a breeding of winde in the body , a puffing up , or a windy swelling . Inflexible ( inflexibilis ) that cannot be bowed , unruly . Influence ( influentia ) a flowing or running into ; most commonly it is taken for the power which Planets and Stars have in moving inferior things . Influx ( influxus ) the same with Influence . Infoliate ( from in and folior ) to blossom or bud forth leaves , to be full of leaves , to be enleaved or wrapt with leaves . How. Informity ( informitas ) deformity , want of shape or fashion . Informous ( informis ) without fashion , ill-favored , rude . Br. Infragible ( infragibilis ) not soon broken or discouraged , durable , strong , infrangible . Infriction ( infriction ) a rubbing in , a chafing . Infringe ( infringo ) to break in pieces , to tear , to diminish . Infusion ( infusio ) a pouring or filling in ; And ( in Physick ) a conveyance of some liquid medicine into the body by Clister , or other instrument ; Also a steeping of Drugs , &c. in a convenient liquor , that their vertue may pass into it . Ingannation ( from the Ital. Ingannare to deceive ) deceit or cousenage . Br. Ingeminate ( ingemino ) to double , or repeat often . Ingenerable ( ingenerabilis ) which cannot be born or begotten . Ingenio , in Barbado's they call the house or mill where they make Sugar , by this name . Hist . of Barb. Ingeniosity ( ingeniositas ) wittiness . Ingest ( ingero ) to carry or pour in , to bring into . Bac. Ingenuity ( ingenuitas ) the state of a free and honest man , freedom , a liberal nature or condition . Ingle ( Span. from the Lat. Inguen , i. the groin ) a boy kept for Sodomy . See Ganymede . Ingluvious ( ingluviosus ) gluttonous , ravenous , devouring . Ingot ( Fr. Lingot , à linguae forma ) a small mass , or little wedge of fined gold after it is moulten ; it is sometimes taken for the trough wherein it is moulten . Ingrate ( ingratus ) unpleasant , unacceptable , unkinde , unthankful . Bac. Ingresse Ingression ( ingressus ) a beginning , an entrance , or going in , a walking . Ingurgitate ( ingurgito ) to devour or raven gluttonously , to stuff or fill himself with , to dash in , as it were , to a great stream or bottomless pit . Ingustable ( from in and gusto ) that cannot or may not be tasted , untasteable . Br. Ingrosser ( from the Fr. Grasseur , or Grossier ) signifies in our Common Law one that buyes Corn growing , or dead victuals to sell again , except Barley for Malt , Oats for Oatmeal , or victuals to retail , badging by licence , and buying of Oyles , Spices , and and Victuals , other then fish or salt . An. 5. Ed. 6. ca. 14. A 5. Eliz. ca. 14. An. 13. Eliz. ca. 25. These are Mr. Wests words , part . 2. Symbol . tit . Indictments , Sect. 64. Howbeit this definition rather belongs to unlawful ingrossing , then to the word in general . See Forestal . See Acts 1650. ca. 31. Inhalation ( inhalatio ) a breathing in or upon . Inhesion ( inhoesio ) a cleaving in , or sticking fast unto . Inherent ( inhaerens ) sticking to , or abiding in . Inhibition ( inhibitio ) a forbidding or stopping . It is also a Wit to inhibit or forbid a Judge from further proceeding in the cause depending before him . See Fitz. nat . br . fol. 39. where he puts prohibition and inhibition together . Inhibition is most commonly a Writ issuing out of a higher Court Christian to a lower and inferior , upon an Apppeal , An. 24. H. 8. ca. 12. And Prohibition out of the Kings Court to a Court Christian , or to an inferior temporal Court. Inhospital ( inhospitalis ) unapt for entertaining , harborless . Inidoneous ( inidoneus ) unfit , improper . Injection ( injectio ) a casting in or upon ; also ( in Physick ) a squirting or conveying a liquid medicine , by Siringe , &c. into some part of the body , or into a hollow or fistulous ulcer . Inimicitial ( inimicitialis ) despightful , envious , enemy-like . Inimitable ( inimitabilis ) that cannot be counterfeited or followed , incomparable . Initiate ( initio ) to enter or begin . Initiative Initiated ( initiatus ) which hath ended his Apprentiship , or is a young beginner in the first principles ; licensed or admitted to . Injunction ( injunctio ) is a Writ issuing out of the Chancery ; sometimes to give possession to the Plaintiff , for want of the Defendants appearance ; sometimes to stay proceeding in a Cause at Common Law upon suggestion made , that the rigor of the Law , if it take place , is against equity and conscience in that case . See West . part . 2. Symb. tit . Proceeding in Chancery . Sect. 25. Inlagary ( inlagatio ) is a restitution of one outlawed , to the Kings protection , and to the benefit or estate of a subject . Bract. l. 3. tract 2. c. 14. numb . 6 , 7 , 8. Britton . ca. 13. Inlapidate ( from in and lapis ) to make hard , stony , or like a stone . Bac. Inlay ( Sax. ) a term among Joyners , and signifies a laying of coloured wood in Wainscoat-works , Bedsteds , Cupboads , &c. See Marquetry . It is also used by Goldsmiths , Cutlers and others , as to Inlay with Gold or Silver . Inmates , those that are admitted to dwell for their money joyntly with another man , though in several rooms of his Mansion house , passing in and out by one door , and not being able to maintain themselves ; which are inquirable in a Leet . Kitch . fol. 45. where you may read him at large , who are properly Inmates in the intendment of Law , and who not . Innatable ( innatabilis ) that cannot be swimmed in . Innavigable ( innavigabilis ) that cannot be sailed in , that will not bear a ship or boat . Inns of Court or Chancery . See Templaries and Moot-men . Innitent ( innitens ) endeavoring or assaying . Innocents day , or Childermass day , a Feast celebrated by the Roman Catholicks on the 28 of December , in memory and honor of those innocent children Herod slew , not long after our Saviours Nativity , when he sought for Christ himself , thinking to destroy him . Innocuous ( innocuus ) hurtless ; also safe , that is not hurt . Innominable ( innominabilis ) not to be named . Innovate ( innovo ) to make or become new , to renew or change his old fashions . Innovator ( Lat. ) he that makes alteration , or brings in new customs . Innoxious ( innoxius ) wherein there is no danger , that hath no harm ; Also safe . Innubilous ( innubilus ) fair , without clouds , serene . Innuendo , is a Law term most used in Declarations and other pleadings ; and the office of this word is onely to declare and design the person or thing which was named incertain before ; as to say , he ( innuendo the Plaintiff ) is a Thief ; when as there was mention before of another person . Innutrition ( innutritio ) a nourishing or bringing up . Inocciduous ( inocciduus ) that never useth to fall , never sleeps , never sets or goes down , as some stars do . Inoculat● ( inoculo ) to graff a bud , by cutting a round hole in the bark of another tree , and setting it on with clay : or when an hole is bored in a tree , and a kernel put in with a little loam . Inominal ( inominalis ) unlucky , unhappy . Inopacous ( inopacus ) open , not shadowed . Inopinate ( inopinatus ) unthought of , unlooked for , not hoped for , strange or contrary to the common opinion . Inopious ( inopiosus ) poor , needy , destitute . Inoptable ( inoptabilis ) not to be wished for . Inorganic●l ( inorganicus ) that hath no organ or instrument . A body is said to be inorganical when it wants right dispositions for the operations of the soul whereunto it is ordained . Inorganity ( inorganitas ) the want of such dispositions . Inquination ( inquinatio ) a staining or defiling ; a disgracing . Inquisition ( inquisitio ) a diligent search or enquiry , strict examination . Spanish Inquisition , was first created , and called the Sacred Council of Inquisition , about or not long after the year , 1492. at which time the Empire of the Moors ended in Spain by the valor of Fardinand the Catholick . Such Moors , as after the decay of their Kingdom , staid in Spain , were by a Statute in that case provided , to be christned . And that they might be known to be , as they professed , this Inquisition was ordained , consisting of a President ( and he always an Ecclesiastical person , as the Archbishop of Tolledo , or Sevil ) assisted by twelve other Councellors , who deal altogether in matters appertaining to Religion . Insanity ( insanitas ) madness , disease of mind . Insanguin'● ( from in and sanguis ) bloodied , dipt or dyed in blood . Insative ( insativus ) that is not planted ; sown or graffed , that which comes forth of its own accord . Insaturable ( insaturabilis ) that cannot be filled or contented , insatiable . Insc●ous ( inscius ) ignorant , not knowing , unskilful . Inscription ( inscriptio ) a note , title or mark written or engraven , a superscription ; Such was that the Jews put upon the Cross when they crucified our Saviour , JESVS NASARENVS REX JVDEORVM , for which words these letters are ordinarily used over the head of a Crucifix . J. N. R. J. Inscrutable ( inscrutabilis ) unsearchable , bottomless , mystical , not to be sounded or known . Insecable ( insecabilis ) that cannot be cut or parted . Insect ( insecta ) a smal fleshless and bloodless vermine divided ( in some sort ) between the head , body and belly , as an Ant , Flye , Bee , &c. under which , the Earth-worm , Caterpillar , &c. are also comprehended . Lord Bacon useth Insecta's for creatures bred of putrefaction , Nat. Hist . 143. Insectation ( insectatio ) a railing against one with all the evil words he can use . Insection ( insectio ) a declaration , Treatise , or long continued talk ; also a cutting . Insensate ( insensatus foolish , senceless . Felth. Insident ( insidens ) sitting on or in , remaining , continuing . Insidiate ( insidior ) to lay wait , deceive , or ensnare . Insidious ( insidiosus ) full of wiles and deceitfulness , crafty , dangerous . Insinuate ( insinuo ) to put in his bosom , to put in ones mind covertly , to wind , steal , or convey himself into , to creep by little into ones favor ; to give a slight touch of a thing . Insipid ( insipidus ) unsavory , without taste or relish , also weak of Judgement . Insipience ( insipientia ) dotage , folly , indiscretion , ignorance . Incision ( incisio ) a grafting or sciencing . Insolation ( insolatio ) a bleaching , or laying a thing in the Sun. Br. Insoluble ( insolubilis ) that cannot be loosed or undone , indissoluble , indissolvable . Insomnious ( insomniosus ) troubled with dreams , that dreameth much in his sleep . Inspection ( inspectio ) a prying or looking into , a viewing or looking on , speculation , over-seeing . Insperable ( insperabilis ) that no man would look or hope for . Inspersion ( inspersio ) a sprinkling or casting on . Inspissate ( inspisso ) to make thick , gross , or massy . Bac. Instability ( instabilitas ) inconstancy , unsteadiness , fickleness . Instauration ( instauratio ) a restoring , renewing , repairing , re-edifying . Instigate ( instigo ) to move , stir , or prick forward , to provoke or egg on . Instillation ( instillatio ) a gentle infusion , a letting or falling in drop by drop , a pouring in by little and little . Instinct ( instinctus ) an inward stirring , motion , or perswasion , an inspiration . Institute ( institurum ) an Ordinance or Instruction , a precept , preparing a way to some art ; a good manner or custom . As Justinians Book of Institutes , so called because they are , as it were , Instructors to the ignorant , and shew an easie way to the obtaining the knowledge of the Civil , as my Lord Cokes Institutes do of the Common Law. Insubid ( insubidus ) rash , without consideration , heady . Insular ( insularis ) belonging to an Island . Insulsity ( insulsitas ) foolishness , unsavoriness , lack of grace , and pleasantness . Inculture ( incultura ) a springing or leaping in or upon , a triumphing in words , a boasting . Insuperable ( insuperabilis ) that cannot be overcome , invincible , unvanquishable . Intabulate ( intabulo ) to write in Tables . Intarissable ( Fr. ) not to be withered or dryed up . Integument ( integumentum ) a covering , a cloak ; a thing spoken covertly and darkly . Bac. Intellect ( intellectus ) the vertue or faculty of understanding : Also understanding , apprehension , capacity , judgement , knowledge , discretion . Intellectualist , one exceeding in the faculty of understanding ; a quick apprehender . Intelligible ( intelligibilis ) that may be understood . Intempestive ( intempestivus ) out of due time and season , abortive ; disordered ; also unlucky or ill presaging . Intenebrate ( intenebro ) to endarken or obscure . Intenerate ( from in and tener ) to make tender or soft , to make merciful or pliant . Intense ( intensus ) set or fixed , intentive , diligently bent to a thing . Intensively . See Appreciatively . Intentable ( intentabilis ) that cannot be tempted . Intentation ( intentatio ) a menacing or threatning . Intercalarity ( intercalaritas ) the burden of a Song ; the putting between , as the burden is between the verses . Intercalation ( intercalatio ) an interlacing , a putting or setting an odd thing between even ones ; most commonly spoken of the odd day of Leap year inserted in February , and called dies intercalaris . See Julian Account . Intercident day ( intercidens dies ) the extraordinary , and preternatural critical day forced by the malice of the disease . Intercision ( intercisio ) a cutting off in the midst . Interclusive ( interclusus ) enclosed , shut in , stopped . Intercolumniation ( a term in Architecture ) signifies the distance between two columns , or a placing some work between two Pillars . S.H.W. Intercostal ( intercostalis ) between the ribs . Intercurrent ( intercurrens ) running or going between . Intercutaneous ( intercutaneus ) that which is within the skin . Interdict ( interdictum ) an injunction , prohibition or forbidding . Interdiction ( interdicto ) the same . It is used in the Common Law , as in the Canon , where it is thus defined , Interdictio est censura Ecclesiastica prohibens administrationem divinorum . c. quod in te de paenitent . & remiss . In the Decretals . And thus it is used , Ann. 24. H. 8. ca. 12. Interdicted of water and fire were in old time those , who , for some crime , were banished . Which Judgment , although it was not by express sentence pronounced , yet by giving order , that no man should receive such an one into his house , but deny him fire and water ( the two necessary Elements of life ) he was condemned ( as it were ) to a civil death ; and this was called Legitimum exilium . Livie . Interduct ( interductus ) a space between full sentences in printing or writing . Interemption ( interemptio ) a killing or slaying . Interequitate ( interequito ) to ride between ▪ Interfaction ( interfactio ) an interrupting of ones tale , a speaking whilst another speaks . Interfeir . See Enterfeir . Interfection ( interfectio ) murder , a killing or slaying . Interfluent Interfluous ( interfluus ) that flows or runs between . Interjacercy ( from interja●eo ) a lying or being between . Interim ( Lat. ) in the mean time or season . Also a Book so called , compiled at Ausperge , by the Emperor Charles the Fifth , comprehending a form of doctrine to be observed till the next General Council . Interjected ( interjectus ) put , cast , or placed between ; being as it were a mean between . S.H.W. Interition ( interitio ) a decaying , a perishing . Interlocution ( interlocutio ) an interposition , or interruption of speech , a speaking between . Interlopers , Leapers or runners between ; it is usually applied to those that intercept the Trade or Traffick of a Company , and are not legally authorized . Interlucation ( interlucatio ) a cutting off boughs , where they let or hinder the light . Interlude ( interludium ) a Play or Comedy . Interlunary ( interlunis ) belonging to the season , between the going out of the old , and coming in of the new Moon , when the Moon gives no light . Intermedian ( intermedius ) that lyes or is between two . Intermeate ( intermeo ) to go or flow between , to pass through . Intermicate ( intermico ) to shine in the midst or among . Interminant ( interminus ) boundless , borderless , uncertain . Intermit ( intermitto ) to leave or put off for a time , to cease or discontinue . Intermural ( intermuralis ) that is betwern two walls . Internecion ( internecio ) an universal slaughter , al killing or slaying , so that one is not left alive . Internigrant ( internigrans ) having black interlaced among other colours . Internodial ( from inter and nodus ) that is between knots or joynts . Br. Internunciate ( internuncio ) to go in message between two parties . Interpel ( interpello ) to interrupt , to disturb or trouble , to demand or require a thing . Interpellation ( interpellatio ) a let in ones business , a disturbing and interruption , a calling one when he is speaking or doing . Interpolation ( interpolatio ) a new dressing or polishing a thing , a scouring or furbishing . Interpose ( interpono ) to put or set between , to intermeddle , or intermingle . Interposition ( interpositio ) a putting or setting between , an intermedling . Interpunction ( interpunctio ) a distinction by points . Interregency ( interregnum ) the space of Government between the death or deposition of one King or Cheif Magistrate and the Coronation or Election of another . Interrex ( Lat. ) a Regent , Vice-Roy or Protector , that governs a State from the death or deposition of one Prince , to the entrance or election of another . Interrogation ( interrogatio ) a question or demand . An Interrogation point is made thus [ ? ] and is used at the end of a question asked . Interscindent ( interscindens ) that cuts in the midst or hews asunder . Interscript ( interscriptum ) an interlacing of a line ; an interlining . Intersection ( intersectio ) a cutting off in the middle or between . Intersonant ( intersonans ) that sounds between , or in the mean season . Interspersed ( interspersus ) bestrewed , scattered or sprinkled between . Interspiration ( interspiratio ) a breathing between . Intersti●e ( interstitium ) a distance or space between . Interstitial , that hath a distance or space between . Br. Interval ( intervallum ) a space between , a pause , a respite ; also a Rest in Musick . It signifies any distance either of place or time , as appears by that of Tully , Intervallo locorum , & temporum disjuncti . Cic. Ep. fam . lib. 1. Ep. 7. Intervenient ( interveniens ) that comes , flows or runs between . Intervert ( interverto ) to take away craftily , to convey away falsly that was lent one , or committed to his charge ; to deceive or beguil ; also to turn upside down . Intervigilant ( intervigilans ) that is watchful , or that awakes now and then , or between whiles . Intestable ( intestabilis ) that by the Law can make no Testament , or that cannot be taken in witness , not to be believed . Intestate ( intestatus ) that dies without a Will or Testament ; also one that no man will take for a witness . Intestine Intestinal ( intestinus ) that belongs to the inward parts , hidden privy , deadly , spightful . Inthronize ( inthronizo ) to install in the seat of honor , to place in a Royal Throne . Intimate ( intimo ) to shew , to signifie , to denounce ; also to love entirely . Intimidate ( from in and timidus ) to fear , scare , affright or make fearful . Intinction ( intinctio ) a dying or colouring . Intone ( intono ) to thunder or make a rumbling ; also to speak earnestly . Intoxicate ( intoxico ) to poison . Intrado or Entrado ( Spa. ) an income or yearly revenue ; also an entrance . Fuller . Intraneous ( intraneus ) that is within , inward . Intribution ( intributio ) contribution or lot-money paid for Lands . Intrinsecal ( intrinsecus ) inward , secret , familiar . Intrique ( Fr. ) an intricacy , labyrinth , maze , incumbrance , difficulty . Cressey , Introclude ( introcludo ) to shut within . Introgression ( introgressus ) a going in . Introit ( introitus ) an entry , a place to enter by , a going into , a beginning of . The first part of the Mass , which begins Introibo ad Altare Dei , is so called . Intromission ( intromissio ) a letting in . Introruption ( introruptio ) an entring or rushing in by violence . Introvenient ( introveniens ) a comming in . Introversion ( introversio ) a turning inwards ; in mystical Divinity it signifies a recollecting ones thoughts from external to inward considerations . Intrusion ( intrusio ) a wrongful thrusting into the possession of a vacant thing . Intuitive ( intuitus ) seeing or apt to see or behold clearly . An intuitive Vision is a clear sight of a thing , as it is in it self . Intuition ( from intueor ) a looking upon or beholding a thing clearly and distinctly . Intumescence ( intumescentia ) a swelling , puffing or uprising . Invaginate ( invagino ) to shealth or put into a sheath . Invalid ( invalidus ) weak , feeble , impotent , forceless . Invective ( invectivus ) a railing , biting , opprobrious discourse or bitter speech against one . Inventory ( inventorium ) is a description or repertory , orderly made , of dead mens Goods and Chattels prized by four credible men or more , which every Executor or Administrator ought to exhibite to the Ordinary , at such times as he shall appoint the same . West . part . 1. Symb. lib. 2. Sect. 696. Where likewise you may see the form : This Inventory proceeds from the Civil Law : for whereas by the antient Law of the Romans , the Heir was tied to answer all the Testators debts , by which means Heritages were prejudicial to many ; Justinian , to encourage men the better to take upon them this charitable Office , ordained , that if the heir would first make and exhibite a true Inventory of all the Testators substance coming to his hand , he should be no further charged then to the value of the Inventory . l. ult . Co. de Jure de liberando . Inversion ( inversio ) a turning inside out , or upside down , a mis-placing words or matter . Invest ( investire ) to give or put into possession ; Investitura propria dicitur quando hasta vel aliquod corporeum traditur à Domini ; ut ait Feudista , lib. 2. tit . 2. with us we use likewise to admit the Tenant , by delivering a verge or rod into his hand , and ministring him an oath , which is called Investing : others define it thus , Investitura est alicujus in suum jus introductio . Investigable ( investigabilis ) which cannot be found out . Investigation ( investigatio ) a searching out , a diligent enquiry . Inveterate ( inveteratus ) confirmed by long use , setled by continuance , antient . Invid ( invidus ) that hath envy , that spighteth or is malicious . Invigilate ( invigilo ) to watch diligently , to take good heed . Inviolable ( inviolabilis ) that cannot be broken or violated . Invious ( invisus ) not seen , without ways or paths , untract . Invitiate ( invitio ) to mar , to spoil , to defile . Invitatory , any thing that inviteth , a Summons . Inumbrate ( inumbro ) to cast a shadow upon , to give a shadow to . Inundate ( inundo ) to overflow , to cover with water , to run or stream into . Invocate ( invoco ) to call in or upon , to ask or require help . Involvent ( involvens ) wrapping or folding in , covering , or overwhelming . Inure ( from in and Vre , use or custom ) a Law term used much in Conveyances , and signifies to take place or effect , to be available . Example , a Release shall inure by way of extinguishment . Littleton cap. Release . And a Release made to a Tenant for term of life , shall inure to him in the Reversion . Inusitate ( inusitatus ) not wont , unaccustomed , that hath been seldom used , strange . Invulnerable ( invulnerabilis ) that cannot be wounded , unwoundable . Invulnerability , unwoundableness , the power of being shot-free . Ioab ( Heb. ) Fatherhood . Ioachim ( Heb. ) preparatian of the Lord. Ioannitiques , an order of Monks that wear red habits , and the presentation of a Chalice on their brests . Iob ( Heb. ) sighing or sorrowing . Iocatory ( jocatorius ) pertaining to jesting . Iocosity ( jocositas ) merriness in jesting . Ioculary ( jocularius ) that is spoken in jest , a jesting matter . Bac. Ioculatory ( joculatorius ) merry , pleasant , sporting . Iocund ( jocundus ) merry , pleasant , chearful . Iohn ( Hebr. ) gracious , Thought to be an unfortunate name for Kings ; For that John King of England well near lost his Kingdom , and John King of France was long Captive in England , and John Baliol was lifted out of his Kingdom of Scotland . And John Stewart , when the Kingdom of Scotland came to him , him , renouncing that name , would be proclaimed King Robert. Iuon is used by the Welch , and Sclavonians for John , and in this Realm about the Conquerors time , John was rarely found , but Iuon , as Cambden observes . Ionathan ( Heb. ) Gods gift . Ionah or Ionas , the name of that Prophet which was sent to Ninive , Jon. 1.2 . It signifies in Hebrew a Dove . Ioncade ( Fr. ) a certain Spoon-meat , made of Cream , Rose-water and Sugar . Ionick-work , is a sort of Pillars in Architecture . See Tuscan . Ionick ( Ionicus ) a certain foot in a verse consisting of two long syllables and two short ; also wanton ; as Jonica Saltatio , a wanton or effeminate dance . Also pertaining to Jonia , a Region of Greece . Ionick was also a Sect of Philosophers , of which Thales and Anaximander were chief , the first whereof was an Ionian by birth ; whence the Sect took name . Hist . of Philos . Iopaean ( Gr. ) a voice or song of rejoycing . See Paean , Ioseph ( Heb. ) encreasing , or encrease of the Lord. Iordan . See Iurden . Iosias ( Heb. ) fire of the Lord. Iot or Iod ( Iöta , littera Graeca ) a thing of very little or no value ; so called from the Hebrew letter Jod , which is the least in that language . Vnum de titulo tollere Iota potes Iotacism ( Iotacismus ) is when the letter ( I or Iöta ) sounds much , or gives beginning to many words in the same sentence ; as if we say , Juno Jovi irascitur . It is also sometimes taken for an error in pronouncing the letter I. Iournal ( Fr. ) a Diary or Day-book . Also as much land as a Team of Oxen can plough in one day . In our times ( says my Lord Bacon ) Journals are in use only in Navigations and Expeditions of War ; among the Antients it was a point of honor for Princes to have the Acts of their Court referred to Journals . Iouisance ( Sax. ) mirth or jollity . Spencer . Iournchoppers , were Regrators of yarn . Stat. 8. H. 6. c. 5. Iournee ( Fr. ) a day or whole day ; a day of Battel ; also a days work or labor , a days travel or journey . Ipsissime ( ipsissimus ) even the very same . Ippocrasse . See Hipocrasse . Iracundious ( iracundus ) soon angry , inclining ●o passion or wrath , teasty , soon displeased . Irascible ( from irascor ) cholerick , soon angred , subject to anger . H. Court. Iris ( Gr. ) Juno's Messenger ; the Rainbow , which foretels a shortly ensuing shower . Ironical ( ironicus ) that which is spoken in jest or mockingly , when one speaks contrary to the signification of the word . Ironie ( ironia ) a figure in speaking , when one means contrary to the signification of the word , or when a man reasoneth contrary to what he thinks , to mock him , whom he argues with ; a derision or dissimulation . Irradiate ( irradio ) to shine upon , to cast his beams upon , to enlighten . Irrecuperable ( irrecuperabilis ) irrecoverable , wholly lost , not to be recovered . Irredivivous ( irredivivus ) that cannot be revived or repaired . Irrefragable ( irrefragabilis ) invincible , unbreakable , undeniable . Irregularity ( irregularitas ) disorder , going out of rule ; in the old Canon Law it is taken for an impediment which hinders a man from taking holy Orders ; as if he be base born , notoriously defamed of any notable crime , maimed or much deformed , or hath consented to procure anothers death , with divers other . Irremiable ( irremiabilis ) that from which one cannot return again , intricate . Irreligious ( irreligiosus ) ungodly , without fear of God , without religion , not devout . Irremissible ( Fr. ) unremittable , unpardonable . Irreparable ( irreparabilis ) that cannot be repaired , or restored , irrecoverable . Irreposcible ( irreposcibilis ) that cannot be required again . Irreprehensible ( irreprehensibilis ) that cannot be reprehended , faultless , blameless . Irrevocable ( irrevocabilis ) that cannot be called back , unrecallable . Irrigate ( irrigo ) to water ground , to bring water out of a River into the fields , to moisten . Irriguous ( irriguus ) that is , or may easily be watered , washed , moist . Irrision ( irrisio ) a laughing or mocking to scorn , a flouting or scoffing at . Irritate ( irrito ) to provoke , to kindle wrath , to move or stir . Irrite ( irritus ) void , of no effect , force or weight . Irroborate ( irroboro ) to make strong , to corroborate . Irrorate ( irroro ) to sprinckle or wet with dew , to moisten . Irruent ( irruens ) running hastily , or rushing in violently . Irrugation ( irrugatio ) a wrinkling , or making wrinkles . Irrumpent ( irrumpens ) entring in by force , rushing in violently . Irruption ( irruptio ) a bursting in , a forced entrance . Irus , a beggarly fellow of Ithaca , whom Vlysses killed with his fist . Hence the Proverb Iro pauperior , as poor as Job . Isagogue ( isagoge ) an introduction . Isagogical ( Isagogicus ) of or pertaining to an introduction or beginning . Ischiatick ( ischiacus ) that hath the ache in the Hip , or the Hip-gout , or Sciatica ; which is a pain arising of humors gathered together in the hollowness of that joynt . Isikle ( from the Belgick Iisel ) a drop of water frozen , as is often seen at the Eaves of a house , when , after a thaw , comes a sudden frost . Ismaelite , one descended from Ismael ( son to Abraham by his wife Agar ) of whom it was foretold before his birth , hic erit ferus homo , manus ejus contra omnes ; & manus omnium contra eum , Gen. 16. One like to Ismael in conditions and manners . Ismael by interpretation of the Hebrew word is exauditio Dei , a merciful hearing or granting of God. Isonomy ( isonomia ) an equality of government under the same Laws , indifferently ministred to all persons ; an equality of right , which all men enjoy in one State. Israel ( Hebr. ) seeing the Lord , or prevailing in the Lord. Isthme ( isthmus ) a neck , a narrow piece of land betwixt two Seas almost meeting ; also the neck of the wesand Est angustia illa intermedia inter Peninsulam & Continentem , & veluti quaedam Cervix , quae à Continente , velut à corpore gracilescens Peninsulam cum Continente tanquam Caput cum reliquo corpore connectit . See Peninsula . Isthmian games ( isthmii ) one of the four solemn games which were celebrated every fifth year in Greece , instituted by Theseus in honor of Neptune ; they took name from the narrow piece of ground in Greece that Corinth stood in , where the games were celebrated . Italianize ( ab Italia ) to speak Italian , play the Italian , or do like an Italian . Italionated , turned or fashioned like an Italian ; that speaks or writes like an Italian . Iterate ( itero ) to do a thing again , to repeat , to tell or say again , to double . Itenerary ( itinerarium ) a Commentary concerning things fallen out in Journeys ; also the Kalender of miles , with the distance of places , and the times of abode in every place ; like the gifts of Princes , a Directory for the way . It is also used Adjectively , as pertaining to a journey . Itinerate ( itineror ) to travel , to take or make a journey . Iubilation ( jubilatio ) a great shout for joy , a great rejoycing , much gladness . Iubile ( jubilaeus annus ) a year of rejoycing or remission . Among the Hebrews every fiftieth year , was called the year of Jubile ; for then were bond-men of their own Country made free , possessions returned again to the first owners , neither was it lawful to plant or sow any thing that year . Among Christians this solemnity of keeping a year of Jubile , was first instituted by Bonifacius the Eighth , in the year of our Lord 1300 , who ordained , that it should be observed every hundreth year . After this Clement the sixth , instituted it to be kept every fiftieth year ; and lastly Sixtus the fourth brought it to be celebrated every twenty fifth year , beginning it first in the year of our Lord God 1475 , and so it continues . The word is derived from the Hebrew Jobel , which signifies a Ram or a Rams horn , so called ( as Masius helps it out ) from Jubal , the Father of those who play on the Harp and Organ , Gen. 4.21 . And when the Jubile came a great sound of Trumpets , and Rams horns was to be made through all Israel , in sign of the Remissions . Greg. Iucundity ( jucunditas ) mirth , pleasure , rejoycing . Iudaick ( judaicus ) Jewish , pertaining to the Jews . Iudaism ( judaismus ) the Custom , Religion or Rites of the Jews . Iudicable ( judicabilis ) that may be judged or discussed . Iudication ( judicatio ) the question come to judgement , the weight of the matter , that wherein the Judge ought to do justice ; sentence-giving . Iudicatory ( judicatorium ) a place of judgement , a Judgment-seat . Iudiciary ( judiciarius ) pertaining to a Judge or Judgement ; also that is to be judged . Iugal ( jugalis ) that is yoaked , or pertaining to yoaks , Matrimony or Wedlock . Iugament ( jugamentum ) a thing that fastens or couples like a yoak . Iugulars ( venae jugulares ) See Veins . Iujubes , certain plumbs of Italy , sold here by Apothecaries . This fruit is in colour white or red , in fashion round or like an Olive , in taste sweet , having a hard long stone , like an Olive stone , but much less . If these plumbs be kept long , they wax dry and full of wrinckles . They are temperate in heat and cold , good against the Cough , roughness of the throat , and all exulcerations and inflammations of the Kidneys and Bladder : but being eaten for meat are of hard digestion . Bull. Iulep ( Arab. ) a Physical drink , made either of destilled waters or Syrups mixed together , or of a decoction sweetned with hony or sugar , or else mingled with Syrrops , and ministred commonly as a preparative to open the passage of the inward parts , and fit the humors for a purgation . Some affirm this to be a Persian word , and to signifie properly a sweet potion . Iulio , an Italian Coyn , of value with us about six pence , so called because it was first made in the Papacy of Pope Julius . Iulius ( Gr. ) soft-haired or mossie-bearded , so it signifies in Greek . It was the name of Aenea's son , who was first called Ilus . Ilus erat dum res stetit Ilia regno The old English in the North parts turned Julius into Joly , and the unlearned Scribes of that time seem to have turned Julianus into Jolanus , for that name often occurs in old Evidences . Cam. Iuly ( Julius ) this moneth was so called in honor of Julius Caesar , the Dictator , either because he was born in that moneth , or because he triumphed in that moneth , after his Naval Victory over Cleopatra Queen of Egypt , and her husband Antony . It being before called Quintilis or the fifth month from March , which according to Romulus , was the beginning of the year . Iulian Account , so called from Julius Caesar , who forty four years before the birth of Christ , observing the falseness of the Account then in use , ordained the year to consist of 365 days and six hours , which six hours in four years made 24 hours , or a day civil , and were added to the end of February ; by reason whereof every fourth year contained 366 days , and was called Annus Bissextilis , the Bissextile or Leap-year , because the sixth of the Calends of March was twice written , and the thing it self was called Intercalation . This Account for many years seemed to have no sensible error ; yet in progress of time it was discovered to be not so exactly agreeable with the natural motion of the Sun ; For the Julian year exceeding the true Solar year 10 minutes & 48 seconds , caused the Equinoxes and Solstices yearly to change their places and slye back so many minutes and seconds . Whereupon Pope Gregory the thirteenth , by the advice and direction of Antonius Lilius and other excellent Mathematicians , in the year of Christ 1582 , corrected the Calender , making the year to consist of 365 days , five hours , 49 min. 12 seconds . And that the vernal Equinox , which then was on the 11 of March , might be reduced to the 21 of March , as it was at the time of the first Nicene Council ; he commanded ten days in Octob. viz. from the fourth to the 14 , to be left out , so as the fourth day of the month was accounted for the 14 day . Hence it comes to pass , that the new , sorraign Lilian or Gregorian account is 10 days before the old , the English or Julian account . Buchol . Ind Chro. & al. Iument ( jumentum ) a laboring beast , a horse . Br. Iumentarious ( jumentarius ) that belongs to such cattel . Iuncture ( junctura ) a joyning or coupling together , a yoaking , a joynt . Iungible ( jungibilis ) that may be joyned . Iunonick Iunonian ( junonius ) of or pertaining to the Goddess Juno , the wife of Jupiter . Iunta or Iunto ( Span ) a meeting together of people , it is most commonly taken for a joyning or meeting of men to sit in Councel . Ivory ( ebur ) Elephants teeth ; it is of a binding nature , and the scraping thereof is good against sores , growing under the roots of the nayls . Iupiter ( Lat. ) a faigned God of great esteem among the Paynims , &c. Also a Planet . See Planet and Saturn . Iuration ( juratio ) an Oath . Iurats ( Fr. ) Jurats de Bourdeaux , are as the Eschevins or Sheriffs in other Cities ; we have Officers of that name at Maidston & Feversham in Kent . Iurden or Iordan ( matella ) a double Urinal or Chamberpot . In some places it is taken for that Chamberpot which did serve both the husband and his wife . In Walsingham hist . p. 308. we read of Duae ollae quas Jordanes vulgo vocamus . Iuridick Iuridical ( juridicus ) of or belonging to the Law ; also actionable , or which may be put in suit , also just , judicial , orderly . Iury ( jurati ) signifies in our Common Law a company of men as twenty four , or twelve , sworn to deliver a truth upon such evidence as shall be delivered them , touching the matter in question . Of which see more in Fitzh . nat . br . fol. 165. D. Iurisdiction ( jurisdictio ) power or authority to minister , and execute Laws . Iurist ( from jus , juris ) a Lawyer . Iurisprudence ( jurisprudentia ) the skill or knowledge of Laws : also the stile or form of the Law Iuss●i ( minutal ) meat made with divers things chopped together . Rider . Iu●ulent ( jussulentus ) that which is sod or stewed in pottage or broth Iu●s ( from the Fr. Joustes ) Tilting or contentions between Martial men with Spears on horseback . An. 24. H. 8. ca. 13. For particulars , see Stows Survey , fol. 421. Iusticier ( Fr. ) a Justicer or Justice of Peace ; an administer of Justice . Iustifical ( justificus ) that executes or doth Justice . Iusti●iable ( Fr. ) under jurisdiction , subject to suit or Laws , that is to do his suit to the Court of another . Iusti● ( Lat. quasi iuris statio ) a stay or ceasing from ministration of Justice in matters judicial . ( Dr. Br. useth it in his Vul. Err. ) This may not unfitly be called a Lawsteed , as Solstitium , the Sunsteed . Iustitians , a religious Order instituted by Lewis Bardus a Venetian , in the Abbey of St. Justine ( whence they took name ) at Padua , about the year 1412 in the time of Pope John the three and twentieth . There were also Nuns of the like Order . Iustinia●i●ts , Students of the Civil Law , Civilians ; so called from Justinianus , a Roman Emperor , that gathered the sum of the Civil Law. See Code . Iuvenile ( juvenilis ) of or pertaining to youth , youthful , young . Iuvenility ( juvenilitas ) youth , also courage or lustiness . Iuventes , the Goddess of youth , also young age . Ixion , begat the Centaures on a Cloud , as the fable goes , and was afterward cast into Hell by Jupiter , for boasting that he had lain with Juno , where he was bound to a wheel , and the wheel turned without ceasing . Hence the Fable of Ixions wheel . K KAbbala . See Cabala . Kalends . See Calends . Kamp-fight or Camp-fight . See Ordeal . Karavan or Karaban ( Spa. ) See Caravan . Kardiognostick . See Cardiognostick . Kare●a ( among Chymists ) is the twentieth part of a drop . Kalends . See Calends . Karobe or Karoble , the fruit of the Carobe tree . Also the twenty fourth part of a grain , one of the least weights used by Goldsmiths . Kenne ( Sax. ) to see , or know ; within ken , i. within view . Kenodoxy ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) the love , study , or desire of vain-glory . Scapula . Kern in Ireland is a kind of Foot Souldier , lightly armed with a Dart or Skeyn . Antiq. Hibern . p. 33. and 57. We take a Kern most commonly for a Farmer or Country Bumpkin . Ketchef ( from the Fr. Couver chef . i. to cover the head ) a linnen cloth that old women wear on their heads ; and hence Handkerchef , though improperly . King of Heralds ( Rex Herald●rum ) is an Officer at Arms , who has the preheminence of this Society . See Harold . This Officer among the Romans was called Pater Patratus . Kings Evil , A disease or swelling so called . Edward the Confessor King of England was of that holiness of life that he received power from above to cure many diseases ; among others , this of the Kings-Evil . A Prerogative that continues , as some think , hereditary to his Successors of England . Heyl. Ke●l ( Belg. Kiel ) the bottom of a ship . Ke●e Sax. ) pottage , a word still used in the north of England and in Scotland ; So Kelemu●t signifies Pottage-hearb , which we to this day corruptly call Cole-worts . Verstegan . Kichel ( Sax. ) a Cake , which Horace calls Libum . Vtque sacerdotis fugitivus liba recuso . It was of old with us called a Gods Kichel , because Godfathers and Godmothers used commonly to give one of them to their Godchildren , when they asked blessing . Chaucers Interpret . Kilderkin ( from the Belg. Kindeken , Kenneken , octava Cadi pars ) Dioscorides saith , it is eleven Gallons , and a Quart : Agricola and Junius , thirteen Gallons and a half . Kym-Kam . See Camoise . Kin , the antient diminutive of our Saxon tongue , as Perkin , is as much as little Peter ; Comk●r , little Thomas , and the like . Kintal ( Span. Quintal ) is a certain weight of Merchandize to the value of an hundred , or something under or over according to the divers uses of sundry Nations . This word is mentioned by Plowden in the Case of Reniger and Fagossa . Knave ( Sax. Cna●a , a boy or childe ) was not of old used as a name of disgrace , or contempt ( as now it is ) but as the name of some kind of Servant or Lacquey ; as Scyld-Knapa was he that carried a noble persons Shield , &c. Verst . See Esquire . Kit-Kaies , The fruit of the Ashen tree ; they are little narrow husks hanging together in clusters , wherein is contained the ●eed of the Ash , which is bitter : This provokes Urine , and is sought by some for other purposes . Bull. Knight , a title of dignity , was heretofore by our Ancestors written Cnight , and in the modern Teutonic it signifies Rider , and answers to the French Chevalier , which may be Englished a Horseman , and so agrees with Eques in Latin. Verst . Knights Fee ( feudum militare ) is so much inheritance as is sufficient yearly to maintain a Knight with convenient Revenue , which in Henry the thirds days was but fifteen pounds . ( Cam. Brit. p. 111. ) But Sir Tho. Smith , in his Repub . Angl. l. 1. ca 18. rates it at forty pounds . And I find in the Statute for Knights , A. 1. E 2. ca. 1. that such as had twenty pound per an . in Fee , or for life might be compelled to be Knights . Stow in his Annals , p. 285. saith , There were found in England at the time of the Conqueror 60211 Knights Fees : Others say 60215. wherof the Religious houses before their suppression were possessed of 28015 Knights Fee , is sometime used for the Rent that a Knight pays for his Fee to the Lord of whom he holds ; and this an uncertain sum , some holding by forty shillings the Shield , some by twenty shillings , as appears by Bracton . lib. 5. Tract . 1. cap. 2. My Lo. Coke , in his ninth Book of Reports , saith , A Knights Fee is estimated by the value of the Land , viz. 20 l. annual . An Hide of Land is as much as one Plough can break up in a year : Relief the fourth part of the annual value of the Land , viz. of a Knight 5 l. of a Baron 100 Marks , an Earl a 100 l. a Marquis , 200 Marks , a Duke 200 l. Knighten gyld , was a Gyld in London , consisting of nineteen Knights , which King Edgar founded , giving them a portion of void ground lying without the City wall , now called Portsoken Ward . Stows Annals , p. 151. Knights service , an ancient tenure of Lands , by which a man was bound to bear Arms in War for defence of the Realm . But is now abolished by Act 1656. ca. 4. Knipperdollings , a sort of Hereticks who took name from one Knipperdolling , who lived in Germany about the year 1535 , was contemporary with John of Leyden , a follower of Muncer in matters of doctrine . Lo. Herb. H. 8. Knoll ( Sax. Cnoll● ) the top or cop of a Hill or Mountain , a familiar word in Herefordshire , as Birchers Knoll . &c. And in Scotland they call those Knolls of peace , which are Mounts cast up by the labor of men , in Latin Dumi pacis . Korban . See Corban . Kyrie eleison ( omnibus linguis , à Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. domine , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. miserere , ab 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. misericordia , q. miserere Domine ) Lord have mercy on us . So Christe eleison , i. Christ have mercy on us . In the Greek Church these words are of great esteem , and often repeated by their Priests ; and are also used in the Latin Church , both in the Mass and Litany . L LAbarum ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) a Church Banner , a Flag or Streamer for the War. Eusebius Pamphilus ( lib. 1. de vita Constantini ) describes this peculiar Standard very curiously . The common form you may see in the 163 page of the Elements of Armories . In the Labarum these things are more . First , The Banner was of purple , where the pictures of the Emperor and his Children were wrought in gold , and stones of wonderful value and beauty ; above the cross beam , or traverse Staff of the Banner stood the two first Greek Capitals of Christs name , and on the point or top of the Launce or Staff Imperial was advanced a Crown of gold set with precious stones . All in honor of his miraculous conversion upon the apparition of the Cross . Labdacism● ( labdacismus ) or rather lambdacismus , from the Greek Letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) is when the Letter L is pronounced with too much force , as when one says , ellucet , for elucet . Labefaction ( labefactio ) a weakening or enfeebling , a loosening or destroying . Labial ( from labium , a lip ) pertaining to the lips . Labile ( labilis ) unstable , unconstant , that will soon or or easily fall . Laboriferous ( laborifer ) that takes pains , that endures labour , painful ▪ difficult . Laboriosity ( laboriositas ) painfulness , laboriousness , or laborosity . Labrador ( Spa. ) a laborer , a Ploughman , a Country Swain . Labrous ( labrosus ) that hath a brim , bank , or border ; Also that hath great lips . Labyrinth ( labyrinthus ) a Maze or intricate building , or place made with so many turnings , and windings , entries and doors , that whoever went into it , could never get out , without a perfect guide , or a thread to direct him , the end of which thread must be tied at the door where he enters . Some heathen Princes bestowed infinite charge in building such Labyrinths , whereof there were four principal ones in the world . The first in Egypt , near the Pool Mirios , made for a Sepulchre for their Kings , or ( as some write ) in honor of the Sun. The second in the Island of Candy , built by Daedalus at the command of King Minos . The third , in the Isle Lemnos . The fourth in Italy , built by Porsenna King of the Hetrurians , of free-stone , and vaulted , for his own Sepulchre . Labyrinth , also signifies metaphorically any intricate or difficult matter . Lacca ( Arab. ) a kind of red gum coming forth of certain trees in Arabia , and sold here by Apothecaries , good against diseases of the breast , and comfortable to the Liver . Painters also and Diers use it . Lacerable ( lacerabilis ) that may be torn or rent in pieces . Lacerate ( lacero ) to rent , tear or dismember . Lacert ( lacerta ) a Lizard , or an Ewt , Evet , or Eft. Lacession ( lacessio ) a provoking or stirring to anger . Lachanopolist ( lachanopoles ) a seller of herbs . Laches ( from the Fr. Lasche , i. remiss , or slow ) signifies , in our Common Law , negligence . As no Laches shall be adjudged in the heir within age . Littl fol. 336. and old nat . brev . fol 110. Lachesis , one of the three Destinies ; Atropos and Cloth● are the other two . Lachrimable ( lachrymabilis ) lamentable , to be bewailed , or wept for . Lachrymate ( lachrymo ) to weep , to drop with moisture . Lachryma●ory , a place to weep in ; also a Tear-bottle , sometimes buried with antient Urnes . Dr. Br. in his Hydriotaphia . Lachrymae Christi , a kind of Wine so called , made at or near the Visuvian Mountain . Laconical ( laconicus ) that speaks briefly or pithily . So Laconiz● , to imitate the Lacedaemonians either in short and pithy speech , or in hard life . Laconism ( laconismus ) a short speech , containing much matter . Lactary ( lactarium ) a Dairy-house ; and may be used for a a Dairy-man , Milk-man , or Chees-monger . Br. Lacteous ( lacteus ) of or like milk , whittish , milky . Lactifical ( lactificus ) milk-breeding , milk-making , milk-yielding . Ladanum . See Laudanum . Lagophthalm● ( lagophthalmia ) a disease in the eyes , when one sleeps like a Hare with his eye-lids open , and cannot well shut them . Lake , a fair red colour used by Painters . Laical ( laicus ) belonging to the Laity , not of the Clergy . Laire , the place where any Deer harbors by day ; a term of hunting . Lais , a famous Harlot of Corinth , who toook so great a price for the prostitution of her body , as made Demosthenes cry , Tanti non emam Lais poenitere , ( I will not buy repentance so dear ) and occasioned the old verse , Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum . Lambi●ive ( from Lambo ) that licketh with the tongue , or lappeth , that toucheth a thing softly . Br. Lami●ae ( Lat. ) were spirits and specters of the female kind , called by some , Ladies of the Fairies . Howbeit Div. Chrysostome saith , there are certain living creatures , or wilde beasts inhabiting the utmost and desert places of Africk , which from the face to the navel , were excellently beautiful , and their fashion was to lay open their Alabaster necks and breasts to the view of men , that so they might allure and draw them near , and then devoure them . And to this purpose the Prophet Jeremy saith , The Lamiae have discovered and drawn forth their brests , and shewn their dugs , Lam. 4. The Hebrew Doctors interpret them Devils of the Desert , in expounding that word of Isay , Tsijim ( Isa . 13 , ) that it should signifie Lamioe . Tr. of Specters . Lammas day , the first of August , otherwise called the Gule or Yule of August , which may be a corruption of the Brittish word Gwyl Aw● , signifying the Feast of August ; or may come from Vincula , that day being called in Latin Festum St. Petri ad vincula . It is called Lammas day , because on that day after Mass , the Priests in former times were wont to make an end of gathering their Tithe Lambs . But Dr. Hammond , in his Resolution to six Queries . p. 465. derives it from the Sax. L●fmess , i.e. loaf-mass , or bread-mass ; so named , as a Feast of thanksgiving to God for the first fruits of the Corn , and seems to have been observed with bread of new wheat ; and accordingly it is a usuage in some places for Tenants to be bound to bring in wheat of that year to their Lord , on or before the first of August . Others say , it is a corruption of the Fr. Lien-mess , whick relates to Vincula . Lamina ( Lat. ) a thin plate of any mettal , most commonly such as Sculpters use to engrave upon . Lampasse or Lampreyes ( Fr. Lampass ) a disease in the mouth of a horse or beast ; It is cured by burning with a hot iron . Lanarious ( lanarius ) of or belonging to wooll . Lanciferou● ( lancifer ) that bears a Lance ; a Demilancer . Lancepesado or Lancepresado ( Fr. Lance-pessade ) he that commands over ten Soldiers , the lowest Officer in a Foot Company . Landcape , an end of land that stretcheth further into the Sea then other parts of the Continent . Landgrave or Landsgrave ( Belg. Landtgrave , Landtgraef ; landt , i.e. terra , and grave or graef , i. comes , q. Comes terrae vel regionis ab Imperatore dono datae ) the Earl or Count of a Province , whereof in Germany there are four . Langraviate , that Region or Country , which belongs to a Landgrave , such is that of Hessia in Germany . Landloper ( Belg. Landelooper ) a Vagabond , or a Rogue that runs up and down the Country . Bac. Hen. 7. Landskip ( Belg. ) Parergon , Paisage , or By-work , which is an expressing the Land , by Hills , Woods , Castles , Valleys , Rivers , Cities , &c. as far as may be shewed in our Horizon . All that in a Picture which is not of the body or argument , is Landskip , Parergon , or By-work . As in the Table of our Saviours Passion , the picture of Christ on the Rood ( which is the antient English word for Cross ) the two Theeves , the blessed Virgin Mary , and St. John , are tht Argument : But the City Jerusalem , the Country about , the clouds , and the like , are Landskip . El. Arm. Langate . See Magdaleon . Langued , a term in Heraldry , as Langued Gules , whose tongue is red , from the Fr. langue , a tongue . Languid ( languidus ) faint , weak , feeble , sick , of little estimation . Languifical ( languificus ) that makes faint or weak . Languor ( Lat. ) faintness , feebleness , want of spirit Laniferous ( lanifer ) that bears Wooll or Cotton . Lanifical ( lanificus ) that makes or weaves woollen cloth , pertaining to the working in wooll . Lanionious ( lanionius ) of or belonging to a Butcher . Lanipendious ( lanipendius ) that spins or makes Yarn , that weighs wooll . Lanuginous ( lanuginosus ) mossy , covered with Cotton or soft hair , soft like Wooll or Cotten . Lantgrave . See Landgrave . Laodicean , pertaining to the City Laodicea in Phrygia Pacatiana , where a Council was held in the year 320 under Pope Silvester , and not about the year 364 under Liberius , as by some affirmed , and is called the Laodicean Council . Lapicide ( lapicida ) a digger or hewer of stones ; a Stone-cutter or Free-Mason . Lapidable ( lapidabilis ) that may be stoned . Lapidary ( lapidarius ) a Jeweller , or one that works with or in stones , or that sells , polishes , or is skil'd in stones . Lapidarious ( lapidarius ) pertaining to stones . Lapidation ( lapidatio ) stoning ; One of the four sorts of death among the Jews ; the other were Burning , Beheading and Strangling . See Moses and Aaron . p. 198. Lapideous ( lapideus ) hard like a stone , stony . Lapidescence ( from lapidesco ) a waxing hard like a stone . Lapidifical ( lapidificus ) that makes or breeds stones . Lapidification , a making stony , or hard like a stone . Lappacean ( lappaceus ) of or like a bur . Lappise , a term of hunting , when Hounds open their mouthes in the Liam or string , or a Greyhound in his course . Lapse ( lapsus ) a fall , sliding , or a slip . In our Laws it is a slip or departure of a right of presenting to a void Benefice , from the original Patron , neglecting to present within six moneths to the Ordinary ; For we say that Benefice is in lapse or lapsed , whereunto he that ought to present , hath omitted or slipped his opportunity . Ann. 13. Eliz. cap. 12. &c. Laqueary ( laquear ) the roof of a Chamber vaulted . Larceny ( from the French Larcin , i. theft ) is defined by West . part . 2. Symb. tit . Inditements , to be theft of personal Goods or Chattels in the owners absence ; and in respect of the things stoln , it is either great or small . Great Larceny is , when the things stoln , though severally , exceed the value of twelve pence ; and Petit Larceny is , when the Goods stoln exceed not the value of twelve pence . Hitherto Mr. West . But he differs from Bracton lib. 3. Tract . 2. ca. 32. num . 1. Of this see more in Stawnf . Pl. Cor. l. 1. ca. 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19. Lare ( Lar ) an Idol that the Heathens worshipped ; sometimes taken for a god of the fields or ways , sometimes for a domestick or home-god ; a familiar spirit . Largess ( Fr. ) bounty , liberality ; handfuls of money cast among people , or a Donative bestowed on Souldiers . Largifical ( largificus ) that bestows bountifully , that gives frankly , liberal . Largiloquent ( largiloquus ) full of words , that is liberal of his tongue . Largitional ( largitionalis ) an Officer that looks to the bestowing of gifts . Larval ( larvalis ) belonging to a night-spirit , goblin or masker , haggish , ghastly , dreadful . Lascivate ( from lascivia ) to play the wanton , to give ones self to lust and lechery . Lascivious ( lascivus ) wanton in behaviour , dishonest , lecherous , womanish . Laske ( laxitas intestinorum ) the looseness of the inward guts , the Wherry-go-nimble , a Flux . Lassitude ( lassitudo ) weariness , laziness , a disease like the Green-sickness . Br. Last ( Sax. ) signifies a burden in general , as also particularly a certain weight ; for as we say a Last of Herrings , so they say Ein last Corns , Last Wines , &c. thence comes Lastage , which see in Lestage . A Last of Herrings contains ten thousand . An. 31. Ed. 3. Stat. 2. ca. 2. A Last of Pitch and Tar , or of Ashes contains fourteen Barrels , An. 32. H. 8. ca. 14. A Last of Hides An. 1. Jac. ca. 33. contains twelve dozen of Hides or Skins . A Last of Corn is ten Quarters . Dalton . Latebrous ( latebrosus ) that is full of holes , and dens to hide in . Latent ( latens ) lurking , hiding , or lying hid . Lateran , one of the Popes Pallaces in Rome , so called from Lateranus , a Partician of Rome , whose house was given by Constantine to the Pope and his Successors , and so continues . Lateral ( lateralis , à latus ) belonging to the side . Lateral motions are movings to a side , contradistinguished from Circular motions , which mount upright , or descend downward . Laterality , the side-being , or being side-ways of a thing . Lateritious ( lateritius ) made of brick , or like brick . Latifolious ( latifolius ) that hath broad leaves or folio's . Lation ( latio ) a carrying , bearing , ordaining , giving . Latirostrous ( from latus and rostrum ) that hath a broad or flat bill , Latirostrous birds are Ducks , Geese , and such like . Dr. Brown. Latitancy ( from latito ) a lying hid , a lurking . Br. Latitat ( the third person of latito , to lye hid ) is the name of a Writ , whereby all men in personal actions are called originally to the Upper Bench. Fitz. nat . br . fol. 78. M. And it hath the name from this , because in respect of their better expedition , a man is supposed to lurk , so as not to be found upon a former Writ ; and therefore being served with this Writ , he must put in security for his appearance at the day ; for Latitare , est se malitiose occultare animo fraudandi creditores suos agere volentes . L. Fulcinius . Latitude ( latitudo ) breadth , largeness , wideness , prolonging in speech . In Geography the latitude of a place is the Arch of a Meridian contained between the Equinoctial , and the Zenith of the place that was given . The latitude of a Star is the Arch of a great circle , drawn by the Poles of the Ecliptic , contained between the Star and the Ecliptic . Wrights use of the Sphear . Latomy ( latomia ) a Quarry of stones . Latonian ( latonius ) belonging to Latona , on whom Jupiter ( say the Poets ) begot Apollo and Diana ; hence we use Latonian lights , for the Sun and Moon ( Latona's children . ) Lator ( Lat. ) a bearer , a Porter , a Messenger . Latrocination ( latrocinatio ) theft , robbery . Lavatory ( lavatorium ) a vessell or place to wash in ; such is that at the Buttery door of the Inner Temple , where the Gentlemen wash their hands ; also a Laundry . Lauds ( laudes ) praises ; but more particularly , they are a part of those prayers used by Roman Catholicks , called our Ladies Office , or of the Priests Office , which is between the Nocturns and the Hours . They are called Lauds from the Psalms , Laudate Dominum de coelis , &c. and Laudate Dominum in sanctis ejus , &c. therein contained , &c. Vide Primer . Laudanum , Ladanum ▪ or Labdanum ( Lat. Ladanum ) a sweet-smelling transparent Gum , gathered from the leaves of Cistus Ledon a shrub , of which they make Pomanders ; it smels like wine mingled with Spices . It is hot and dry , and being annointed on the head with oyl of Myrtles , it strengthens the skin , and keeps hair from falling off . Laudative ( laudativus ) of or belonging to commendation , wherein praise is contained ; sometimes used substantively . Lave ( lavo ) to wash , to rinse , to purge . Laverna , a Goddess to whom Theeves were wont to supplicate . Launcelot or Lancelot ( from lan●ea ) a Fleam or Chyrurgeons Instrument which is used in letting blood ; also a mans name . Launcepesado . See Lancepesado . Lavolta ( Ital. ) a Dance so called ; also a course held in sailing or wandring . See Volta . Laureate or Laureated ( laureatus ) crowned with Laurel , wearing a Garland of Bayes . Laureated letters , were Letters bound up in Bay leaves , which the Roman Generals sent to the Senate , when their contents were Victory and Conquest , newly by them obtained . Laurel ( laurus ) a Bay-tree . In antient Rome the Triumphers used to be crowned with Laurel , and the Captain that triumphed carried a branch of it in his hand . So is the Triumph of Scipio Affricanus described by Appianus Alexandrinus , Plin. lib. 6. The Laurel was consecrated to Apollo , because on mount Parnassus there grew great store of it . Some affirm it has the property not to be hurt by lightning , therefore the Cock resorts thereto in Tempests , as Natural Historians testifie ; conform to which , is the Imprese of him , who caused to be painted a Cock under a Laurel with this Motto , SIC EVITABILE FVLMEN . Lauriferous ( laurifer ) that beareth Bays or Lawrel . Law of Arms ( jus militare ) is a Law that gives precepts and rules how rightly to proclaim War , to make and observe Leagues and Truce , to set upon the enemy , to retire , to punish offenders in the Camp , to appoint Souldiers their pay , to give every one dignity to his desert , to divide spoils in proportion , and such like : for further knowledge whereof read those that write de Jure Belli . Laws of t●e Twelve Tables . See in Tables . Lawless man , is he qui est extra legem , an Out-law . Bract. l. 3. tract . 2. c. 11. num . 1. Law of Marqu● or Mart : This word is used 27. Ed. 3. Stat. 2. c. 17. and grows from the German word March. i. limes , a bound or limit . And the reason of this appellation is , because they that are driven to this Law of Reprizal , take the Goods of that people ( of whom they have received wrong and can get no ordinary Justice ) when they can catch them within their own Territories or Precincts . See Reprisal and Marque . Law Merchant , is a Priviledge or special Law , differing from the Common Law of England , and proper to Merchants , and summary in proceeding . An. 27. Ed. 3. Stat. 8 , 9 , 19 , and 20. An. 13. Ed. 1. Stat. 3. Lawing of Dogs . See Expeditate . Mastiffs must be lawed every three years . Crom. Jurisd . fol. 163. Laxation ( laxatio ) an easing , releasing or freeing . Laxity ( laxitas ) loosness , wildness , liberty . Lazer ( so called of Lazarus mentioned in the Gospel ) a poor man full of soars and scabs . Lazule● ( lazulus ) a blewish stone , a kind of marble , of which they make the colour Azure ; it is sometimes also used in Physick , and is in operation hot and dry . Lazzareto ( Ital. ) an Hospital for sick folks , a Pest-house . League ( Ital. and Span. legua , Lat. leuca , from the Gr. leucos , i. white , because they did in old time , pitch white stones at every leagues end from the City . ) The difference of miles in several Countries is great , but it will be enough to know , that the Italian and English are reckoned all for one ( though some hold the Italian to be the lesser ) and four of these make a German mile , two a French league , three and somewhat more a Spanish league ; the Swedish or Danish mile consists of five English miles , and somewhat more ; a league at Sea is usually held to be three English miles . Leander , a young man of Abidos who was in love with Hero. Lectern or Lectorn , with Chaucers Interpreter , is a Desk ; I suppose he means a Reading-Desk in a Church , which in old Latin is called Lectrinum . Lectistern ( lectisternium ) was ( among the antient Romans ) the solemn Ceremony of trimming and setting out a bed not for repose , but repast , wherein they laid the Images of their Gods , reared upon Bolsters and Pillows ; The principal whereof was that in the honour of Jupiter at the Epulum Jovis , whereon Jupiter was laid ; Juno and Minerva sitting on either side by him . Livie . Lector ( Lat. ) a Reader . Lecture , a Reading . Leero , corruptly from Lyra , is a way of tuning , or playing on the Viol , different from that of Alphonso . Leet , Is otherwise called a Law day . Smith de Repub. Angl. lib. 2. ca. 18. This Court in whose Mannor soever it is kept , is accounted the Kings Court , and is commonly held every half year , &c. See more Kitch . fol. 6. Legacy . See Devise . Legality ( legalitas ) the keeping the Law ; also lawfulness . Legation ( legatio ) an Embassage , the Office of an Embassador . Legate ( legatus ) an Embassador , an Orator , a Leiger ; The Popes Embassador hath most usually this tittle . See Nuntio . Legatary ( legatarius ) the party to whom a Legacy is given or made . Legend ( from lego ) a writing ; also the words that are about the edge of a peece of coyn , The golden Legend , so called , is a book of the lives of Saints . Legerdemain ( Fr. Legier de main , i. light of hand ( swiftness of hand ; cousenage , Hocus , Pocus tricks . Legible ( legibilis ) that may be read . Legiferous ( legifer ) that makes or gives Laws . Legion ( legio ) an Army or Band of men . At first Romulus his Legion consisted of 3000 footmen and 300 horse , after of 4200 foot , and 300 horse , and after that 5000 foot , and 300 horse . Isid 9.3 . saith , a Legion consisted of 6000 armed men , which number is seldom or never exceeded , as it appears by Sigonius de jure Rom. l. 1. cap. 15. The Romans did very seldom enroll into their universal Army , above four Legions , and in an ordinary Legion , ten Cohorts , every Cohort containing three Maniples , every Maniple two Centuries , every Century 100 Soldiers . Goodw. p. 175. Legionary ( legionarius ) of or pertaining to a Legion . Legislator ( Lat. ) a Law-giver or Law-maker . Legislative ( legislatus ) that hath power or authority to make or give Laws . Legister ( Lat. ) a Lawyer . Chaucer . Legitimate ( legitimus ) lawful , right , meet , just . Leguminous ( from legumen ) belonging to pulse or pease . Leman ( pallaca ) a married mans Concubine . Lemnian ( lemnius ) pertaining to the Isle Lemnos ; Lemnian-earth is Vermilion , or Red-earth . Lenity ( lenitas ) softness , smoothness , meekness , easiness to please . Lenitude , the same . Lenitive , that is apt to soften , asswage , or pacifie . Lenonian ( lenonius ) belonging to a Bawd. Lentiginous ( lentiginosus ) that is full of freckles , or pimples like Lentils . Lentil ( lens ) a kind of small pulse , growing in hot Countries , round and flat , of colour sometimes black , sometimes white , and sometimes brown ; being boyled but once , they loose the belly , but at the second boyling in another water , they are of a binding nature , being then good to stop the bloody Flux , or any looseness of the body . Lentiscine ( lentiscinus ) of or belonging to the Mastick tree . Lent ( Sax. ) The Spring-Fast ; a time of fasting for forty days next before Easter ; so called from Lenct-mona● , or length moneth , by which name the old Saxons called March , because then the days began first to exceed the nights in length : And they call this Fast , Lent , from the name of the said moneth , because the most part of it falls within the compass of this month . Verst . Lent was first commanded to be observed in England by Ercombert , the seventh King of Kent before the year of our Lord 800. Sir Rich. Bakers Chron. fol. 7. But Mr. Fuller says the first Lent kept in England was in the year 640. Cent. 7. fo . 81. Lentisk ( lentiscus ) a tree growing in divers hot Countries , which bears the notable Gum called Mastick : Its Leaves and Bark stop all loosness and issues of blood . Lentour ( lentor ) a clammy or glewish humor . Bac. Lentous ( lentus ) soft , tender , pliant , or limber ; idle . Lenvoy ( from the Fr. Envoy , or L'envoy ) a message or sending ; also the conclusion of a Sonnet or Ballade , in a short Stanza by it self , and serving often times as a dedication or repetition of the whole . Cot. Leonine ( leoninus ) of or pertaining to a Lion , Lion-like . Lepid ( lepidus ) neat , pleasant , jocund , of a good grace . Lepidity ( lepiditas ) delectableness , or good grace in speech . Leporean Leporine ( leporinus ) of or pertaining to an Hare ; delicate , delicious . Leprosity , full of the Leprosie or leprous disease . Lernean ( lerneus ) of or belonging to the water-Serpent called Lerna . Lesion ( laesio ) a hurting or annoying . Lesbian Rule or Square , The Lesbians were such perfect work-men , that they made Rules and Squares by their work , and not their work by the rule , and hence the phrase . Dub. Lestage or Lastage ( from the Saxon Last , i. onus ) is a custom challenged in Fairs and Markets for carrying of things . Rastals Exposition of words : Or a custom challenged in Cheapings or Fairs . Saxon in the description of England , ca. 11. Lastage . An. 27. R. 2. ca. 18. seems to be the ballance or Ballast of a Ship , and so the French use it . Fleta terms it Lesting , saying , Quod significat acquietantiam Lestagii . lib. 1. ca. 47. Lessee , Lessor , terms in our Law ; Lessee is he to whom the Lease is made for term of years , life or will ; and the Lessor , he that Leaseth , or makes the Lease . Lesses ( Fr. ) the dung of a ravenous beast , as Bear , Bore , or Wolf. Lessian , pertaining to Lessius , a modern Writer , who wrote a Rule of severe temperance , wherein he prescribed fourteen ounces every day , whence that is called a Lessian Diet. Lestrigons ( lestrigones ) a kind of Giants or fierce people of Sicily , often mentioned in Homers Odysses . Lethal ( lethalis ) mortal , deadly , noysom , pestilent . Lethality ( lethalitas ) mortality , frailty . Lethargy ( lethargus ) a disease contrary to Frensie ; for , as Frensie is caused by hot Humors inflaming the Brain ; Lethargy is by cold Flegmatick Humors oppressing it in such sort that the Patient can do nothing but sleep , whereby he becomes forgetful , with loss ( in a manner ) of Reason , and all the Senses . This disease is by some called the Drowsie evil . Lethargick ( lethargicus ) pertaining to , or sick of that disease ; also dull , sleepy , forgetful . Lethe ( Gr. ) a feigned River of Hell , the water whereof being drunk , causeth forgetfulness of all that is past ; Hence it is used for Oblivion or forgetfulness . Lethean ( letheus ) forgetful Also Lethean ( from Laetheus ) deadly , mortal , pestiferous . Lethiferous ( lethifer ) that bringeth death , deadly . Letifical ( letificus ) that maketh glad , or rejoyceth . Letters of Mart. See Law of Marque . Letters Patents . See Patent . Levant ( Fr. ) the East , the East wind or Country . Levant , and Couchant , is a Law term , when a strangers Cattel have been feeding and lying down in another mans ground , or have remained there a good space of time . Levation ( levatio ) an easing , or diminishing of grief or pain . Leucophlegmatick ( leucophlegmaticus ) a dropsie arising from white Flegm . Level-Cotle ( from the Fr. leuer le Cul , i. to raise or remove the Buttock ) is when three play at Tables , or other Game , where onely two can play at a time , and the loser removes his Buttock and sits out , and therefore called also Hitch-Buttock . Levigation ( laevigatio ) a levelling , smothing , or making plain . Levisomnous ( levisomnus ) watchful , soon waked . Leviathan ( Hebr. ) a great water-Serpent , or a kind of Whale ; Sometimes it is taken for the Devil . Levites ( Levitae , ex filiis Levi ) those of the Tribe of Levi in the old Law , which Tribe was particularly allotted for the Church , and whose maintenance was from the Tenths , First-fruits , Offerings , and Sacrifices of the people ; Josh . 18.17 . The Priesthood of the Lord was their inheritance . There were of them four kinds . First , Punies , or Tirones , who from their childhood to the five and twentieth year of their age , learned the duties of their Offices . Secondly , Graduates , who having spent four years in the study of the Law , were able to answer and oppose in it . Thirdly , Licentiates , who did actually exercise the Priestly function . And fourthly , Doctors ( Rabbins they used to call them ) who were the highest in degree . Levi had three Sons , Gershon , Cohath and Merari , and accordingly the whole company of the Levites were distinguisht into three Orders , Gershonites , Coathites , and Merarites . Moses and Aaron , p. 19. Lexicon ( Gr. ) a Dictionary of words ; a vocabulary . Lex talionis . See Talion , and Retaliate . Libament or Libation ( libamen ) a Sacrifice , any thing tasted and offered ; especially liquid things . Libanomancy ( libanomantia ) Divination by Incense or Frankincense . Libe● ( libellus ) literally signifies a little book ; but by use it is the original Declaration of any Action in the Civil Law ▪ An. 2. H. 5. ca. 3. and A. 2. Ed. 6. ca. 13. It signifies also a defamatory Scrol , slanderous writing or invective of any man cast abroad , or otherwise unlawfully published , but then for distinction sake it is called an infamous Libel , famosus Libellus . Libertinage ( Fr. ) Epicurism , sensuality , licentiousness , dissoluteness . Libertine ( libertinus ) one that is manumitted , or one that is born of him that was once bound , and is now free , a freeman ; also one of loose life , or careless of Religion . Libertinism , Libertinage , or Libertinity ( libertinitas ) the state of him that of Bond is made free ; Licentiousness , Epicurism . In Divinity it is thus defined . Libertinism is nothing else but a false liberty of belief and manners , which will have no other dependence but on peculiar fancy and passion . It is a strange monster , whereof it seems Job made description under the figure of Behemoth ; as much to say , as a creature composed of all sorts of beasts , of which it bears the name , Iob 40. Causs . in his Maxims . Libethrides ( Dict. à Lebethra Magnesiae fonte ) the Muses so called . Libidinist ( from libido , inis ) a Sensualist , or one that gives himself over to lust or unlawful desires . Felth. Libidinous ( libidinosus ) lustful , lascivious , incontinent . Libidinosity ( libidinositas ) lustfulness , lasciviousness , luxury , incontinency . Libitude ( libitudo ) will , pleasure . Ad libitum , at will or pleasure . Libitina , the Goddess of funerals , and after a sort the superintendent of Sepulchres , in whose Temple were all things to be sold necessary for the interring and burial of the dead ; whereupon they also who were employed to carry forth and bury Corps , were called Libitinarians , as well as Vespilons . Livie . Libra ( Lat. ) the ballance , or one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack . This Sign is so called , because when the Sun enters it , the day is in equal ballance with the night , not one longer or shorter then another . Virg. Geor. 1. Libra die , somnique paresubi fecerit horas . Libral ( libralis ) that is or pertains to a pound weight , or measure ; also belonging to the Sign Libra . Librarious ( librarius ) pertaining to books . Licanthropy ( licanthropia , or lycanthropia ) a frenzy , or melancholy , wherewith some being haunted , think themselves turned into Wolves , fly the company of men , and hide themselves in caves and holes , howling like Wolves . Licentiate ( licentiatus ) one that hath licence in any Faculty ; most used in Divinity . In the Common Law , an Utter-Barrister . Before he comes to be a Licentiate in the Civil Law , he must have studied five years : Also the third degree among the Levites . See Levites . Licentious ( licentiosus ) rash , unruly , dissolute . Lich-fowle , the reputed unlucky Night-Raven , so cal●ed , from the Saxon Lic or Lick , i. a dead corps ; Country people by corruption call these Scritch-Owles , or Lich-Owls . Licitation ( licitatio ) a setting out to sale ; a prizing or cheapening . Licite ( licitus ) lawful , granted . Lictor ( Lat. ) a Sergeant , There were twelve Lictors or Sergeants among the antient Romans , who , with bundles of Rods and Axes , always went before the Magistrate , so called ( as Fastus thinks ) quod fasces virgarum ligatos ferant . Lictorian ( lictorius ) pertaining to a Sergeant or Lictor . Lief-●ebber ( Dutch ) a Lover , Bishop Derrys Answer to Militiere . Liege ( from the Ital liga , a League or Obligation ) is a word borrowed from the Feudists , and has two significations in our Common Law , sometimes being used for Liege Lord , An. 34. and 35. H. 8 ca. 1. and An. 35. ejusdem , ca. 3. And sometimes for Leige man , An. 10. R. a. ca. 1. and An. 11. ejusdem , ca. 1. Leige Lord , is he that acknowledges no Superior . Duarenus in commentar de consuetud . Feudorum , ca. 4. nu . 3. Liege-man is he that ows Ligeancy to his Liege Lord. See more of this in Skene de verborum significatione , verbo Ligiantia . Ligeancy ( ligeantia ) is such a duty or fealty as no man may owe or bear to more then one Lord. See Skene num . 4. This word is used in the Statutes of our Realm as the Kings Liege people . An. 14. H. 8. ca. 2. Ligation Ligature ( ligatio ) a binding , also the tongue-tying in children especially . Ligament ( ligamentum ) a ty-band or string : especially the insensible string that is seated either within or near a joynt , and is termed by Anatomists , a Ligament , and is between a Cartilage and a Membrane , appointed firmly to knit the joynts . Ligneous Lignean ( ligneus ) of wood or timber , wooden , full of wood . Lignicide ( lignicida ) a wood-cutter . Lignum-vitae ( Lat. ) the wood called Aloes , by the Arabians Calambuco , which for its sweet savor is valued at its weight in pure Silver , as being not onely serviceable for the pompous Funerals of Princes , but also for Bathes . And with the Indians ( among whom it grows ) it is held an unparallel'd medicine for many dangerous maladies . Heil . Ligue ( Fr. ) a League or Confederacy , a Complot or Combination of sides or parties which have been divided , an Agreement made , or Alliance contracted . Ligurion ( ligurio ) a devouter , a spend-thrift . Ligurition ( liguritio ) a gluttonous devouring ; immoderate appetite . Lilith , was held by the Jews to be a kind of she-Devil , that killed children . Clossa Talm. in Nidda . fol. 24. b. Limaceous ( from limacia ) snaily , snail-like , full of , or resembling a snail . Limation ( limatio ) a filing or polishing . Limenark ( limenarcha ) the Warden or Governor of a Port. Liminarie ( Fr. liminaire ) set before the entry or at the beginning of , dedicatory , fore-running . Cot. Limosity ( limositas ) abundance of mud , muddiness . Limous ( limosus ) full of mud or slime , muddy . Br. Limpid ( limpidus ) clear , bright , pure , transparent . Limpitude Limpidity ( limpiditas ) clearness , brightness . Linament ( linamentum ) linnen thread , lint , a tent for a wound . Lincolns-Inn , one of the four Inns of Court , and in antiquity next the Temples ; it was for the most part purchased of Sir Edw. Suliard of Essex , by the Benchers and Gentlemen of that house ; But it took denomination from Sir H. Lacy Earl of Lincoln ; to whom part of this House was given by Edw. the first . See more in Stow. Chron. p. 1072. Lineament ( lineamentum ) the feature or proportion of the face or of any other part , a line drawn in painting . Linear ( linearis ) pertaining to a line , lineal . Linguacity ( linguacitas ) talkativeness , verbosity . Linigerous ( liniger ) that beareth flax or linnen . Liniment ( linimentum ) a thin ointment . Linosity ( linositas ) abundance of flax . Lintearious ( lintearius ) of or belonging to linnen . Lintel ( from the Fr. Linteau ) the head-piece of a door , the upper posts . Lippitude ( lippitudo ) a dropping , waterishness or bloodshot of the eyes , blearedness of the eyes . Lipothymie ( lipothymia ) a fainting or souning , when the vital spirits being suddenly oppressed , a man sinks down as if he were dead . Hist . of K. Cha. Liquable ( liquabilis ) which may melt , or become soft , or liquid . Liquation ( liquatio ) a melting . Liquefaction ( liquefactio ) a melting , or making soft , or liquid , a dissolving . Liquescency , the same . Liquid ( liquidus ) soft , moist , wet , pure , clear . Liquids ( liquidae ) are four ( viz. ) L , M , N , R , and so called , Quia pronunciatione liquescunt ore , &c. because in the pronunciation they melt as it were , or become liquid in the mouth , and are more softly uttered then other Consonants . Min. Liquidate ( liquido ) to make moist or clear . Litany ( litania ) an humble supplication or prayer ; the Gr. from whence the word is derived , importing as much . Literality ( from litera ) learning , knowledge of letters . Literature ( literatura ) learning , cunning , grammer , knowledge of letters . Litargy or Lithargy ( lithargyros ) white lead , or the foam that riseth from lead , when tried . It is cold of operation , and used by Chyrurgeons in oyntments and Plaisters , being of a gentle , drying , clensing , and binding nature . Lithomancy ( lithomantia ) divination by casting Pibble stones , or by the Lode-stone , whereby , as Tretzes in his Chiliads delivers , Helenus the Prophet foretold the destruction of Troy. Lithotomy ( lithotomia ) a Masons Work-house , or Quarry ; also a Prison . Dr. Br. Lithontri●tick ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , lapis , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tritus ) that wears , breaks , or cuts a stone . Dr. Br. Litigatio● ( litigatio ) a strife , a suit or pleading . Litigious ( litigiosus ) contentious , full of strife , wrangling . Litispendence ( litispendentia ) the hanging of a suit , till it be tried or decided . Litoral Litorean ( litoralis ) of or belonging to the Sea-side or shore . Liturate ( lituro ) to blot with the pen , to dash out . Liturgy ( liturgia ) publick service , or a form of publick prayers . Liturgick ( liturgicus ) pertaining to such a Liturgy ; ministerial . Livery ( Fr. Liurée ) hath several significations . 1. It is used for a Noble or Gentlemans Cloth , or colours worn by his Servants or Followers , with Cognizance or without . A. 1. R. 2 c. 7. & A. 20. ejus . c. 1 , 2. A. 8. H. 6. c. 4. A. 8. E. 4. c. 3. &c. 2. It signifies a delivery of possession . 3. It is the Writ which lies for the heir to obtain the possession or seisin of his lands at the Kings hands , which see in Fitzh . nat . br . fol. 155. Also we call that a Livery stable , where strangers horses are admitted at an allowance of so much by the week , or by the day and night for Hay and Oats . And this sence the Fr. Liurée does also bear , as Liurée des Chanoines , for their Corady , stipend or daily allowance in victuals or money . Livery of Seisin ( deliberatio seisinae ) is a delivery of possession of Land or Tenement , or other things . West . part . 1. Symbol . lib. 2. Sect. 169. calls this a Ceremony in the Common Law , used in the conveyance of Lands or Tenements , &c. where you may see the usual form of it set down . Livid ( lividus ) black and blew , wan , of the colour of lead ; also malicious , envious , backbiting . Lividity ( lividitas ) blewness , the colour appearing upon a stroke , a dead , earthly , leaden colour . Livor ( Lat. ) a black and blew mark in a body , coming of a stroke or blow ; also blackness of the eyes coming of humors ; also envy , malice . Lixiviated ( from lixivia ) of or like , or washed with Lee or Lye , made of ashes . Dr. Br. Lixor ( Lat. ) a Water-bearer . Lizard ( lacertus ) a little beast much like our Evet , but without poyson , breeding in Italy and other hot Countries ; whose dung is good to take away spots in the eye , and clear the sight ; And its head being bruised and laid to , draws out thorns or any thing sticking in the flesh . Lobbe , is a great kind of North-Sea-fish . An. 31. Ed. 3. Stat. 3. ca. 2. Local ( localis ) pertaining to a place . It signifies in our Common Law , as much as tyed or annexed to a place certain . Example , the thing is local and annexed to the freehold , Kitch . fol. 180. Locality ( localitas ) the being of a thing in a place . Location ( locatio ) a placing or setting in a place ; Also a letting out to hire , or setting out work by the great . Loche . See Lohoc . Lococession ( from locus and cedo ) a giving place . Locomotion ( locus and motio ) a moving or stirring from one place to another . Dr. Br. Loculament ( loculamentum ) a little place of bords made with holes for Pigeons or Conies ; a Coffin for a Book ; also the several places wherein the seeds lye , as in Poppy heads . Dr. Charl. Locuplicity ( locuplicitas ) abundance of wealth . Locuplete ( locuples ) rich , wealthy , well-stored . Locust ( locusta ) a kind of flying insect , or Fly ( which the French term Cigale ) of which we have none in England . See Dr. Brown in his Vul. Err. lib. 5. ca. 3. There were divers kinds of these ; some hurtful and venemous , others comodious for meat , Mat. 3.4 . His meat was locusts , which some conceive to be the tops of herbs and plants . Lodemanage , is the hire of a Pilot for conducting a ship from one place to another , and comes from the Dutch Loot , i. lead , and in the same Dutch , the Pilot is called Lootsman or Pi●loo● , the man of lead , or casting out his lead to save the Ship from danger . Min. Chaucer would have this word signifie the skill or art of Navigation . See Pilot. Lodestar , a Star that guides Mariners , the north star . Lodestone ( magnes ) a stone of the colour of rusty iron , which hath an admirable vertue not onely to draw iron to it self , but to make any iron on which it is rubbed , to draw iron also . This stone is found in the Indian Sea , and in the Country Trachonitis ; and is of greatest use in Navigation ; For by it Saylers find out the certain course of their Voyage , the needle in the Compass , tempered herewith , still standing directly towards the North and South . Read more of this stone in Dr. Br. Vul. Err. l. 2. c. 2. Locution ( locutio ) a saying or speaking . Lod●works , one of the works belonging to the Stanaries in Cornwal , for which see Cam. Brit. in the title Cornwal . See Stremeworks . Log , the name of an Hebrew measure , as the Sextarius Atticus was among the Greeks . Logarithmes ( logarithmi ) a term in Mathematicks , signifying numbers , which , being fitted to proportional numbers , retain always equal differences . Wingate . Logick ( logica ) the Art of Logick , the Art of reasoning or disputing . Logick ( according to my Lord Bacon ) professes the preparation and contrivance of Aids and Forces for the understanding . Arts Logical or intellectual are four ; Art of Enquiry or Invention ; Art of Examination or Judgement ; Art of Custody or Memory ; and Art of Elocution or Tradition , &c. See his Advancement of Learning , fol. 218 , 219. Logician ( logicus ) one skilled or learned in the Art of Logick . Logism , the due and judicious understanding of a thing formerly considered and esteemed of , according to reason . Cot. Logist ( logista ) he that causeth presidents or notable ●ayings to be registred , a caster of accounts . The Logists among the Athenians ( saith Harpocration ) were ten men , elected out of the Tribes , to whom all such as had ended their Office of Magistracy ( within thirty days of their Authorities expiration ) were to render an account of all such affairs as they had then administration of ; They not onely kept account of the moneys , but of all other matters that appertained to the Kings revenue , &c. Logistick ( logistice ) the Art of counting or reckoning , the practice of Arithmetick , or that part thereof which contains Addition , Substraction , Multiplication and Division . Logographers ( logographi ) Lawyers Clerks , they that write Pleas and Causes in the Law or Books of Accompt . Logomachy ( logomachia ) a contention in , or strife about words , a verbal altercation . Lohoch or Loch , a Physical word , and is a thick Syrrup , or other soft substance , or confection , which must not be swallowed , but suffered to melt of it self in the mouth , that so it may gently slide down , and thereby have the more vertue against diseases of the Brest , Lungs and throat . Culpepper says , it is an Arabick word , and simply signifies a thing to be licked up . Lollard● ( Lollardi ) a Sect that abounded in England in the days of Edw. 3. and Hen. 5 An. 2. H. 5. ca. 7. of these read Stows Annals p. 425. Tritemius , in his Chronicle , deduces the name from one Gualter Lolhard , a German , as the first author of that Sect , living about the year 1315. And Chilian says , Lollardus fuit Alexianus Monachus , & Lollardus quoque dicitur Haereticus Valdersis . These Lolhards were much consenting with the Wicklevites in opinions ; they began in time of P. Innocent the sixth , and Charles the fourth Emperor of that name , ( says another Author . ) See their Tenets in B. Spotswoods hist . of Scotl. fol. 61. As for the word Lollard retained in our Statutes since the Reformation , it seems now as a generical name , to signifie such who in their opinions oppose the setled Religion of the Land , in which sence the Sheriffs are bound by their oath to suppress them . Lombardeer , an Usurer or Broaker ; so called from the Lombards , a people of the hither part of Italy , who were great Usurers ; they were called Lombards alias Longobards from their long Beards which they wore . Hence our word Lumbar , which signifies refuse Housholdstuff . Lombard , is also , by the same reason , used for a bank for Usury or Pawns ; Hence Lombardstreet , which is still full of Goldsmiths , and Moneyers . See Causines . Lome ( lutum ) dirt , mud , or morter . Longevity ( longaevitas ) long or old age . Longanimity ( longanimitas ) long-suffering , patience , forbearance . In Divinity it is thus defined ; Longanimity is an untired confidence of mind in respecting the good things of the life to come . Longinquity ( longinquitas ) long distance of place , length of time , continuance , long lasting , or long life . Longitude ( longitudo ) length of place , time or any other thing . The Longitude of a Star is the arch of the Ecliptick , contained between the beginning of Aries , and the circle of the stars latitude . In Geography the longitude of a place is the arch of the Equinoctial Circle contained between two Meridians , whereof one goes by the Canary Islands , the other by the place that is given . Wrights use of the Sphear . Lootsman . See Pilot and Lodomenage . Loquacity ( loquacitas ) much talking , babling , or prating . Loray-Law . In the Memorials of the Chamber of Accounts in France , is found an Article to this effect . Si homines de Loraico vadia duelli temere dederint , &c. If a combate were once accepted , and after , by consent of the Lord of the Fee , were taken up , each of the parties should pay 2 s. 6 d. But if it we performed , then the party vanquished should forfeit 112 s. and upon this custom grew the French Proverb , when any man has had a hard and unjust Judgement , they say he was tried by the Law of Loray or Bern , ou Ie batu paye l' amends , where the vanquished gives the recompence . Sir W. Ral. Lordane . See Lourdain . Lore ( Sax. Late ) doctrine or learning . Loricated ( loricatus ) armed with a coat of Mail or Brigandine . Dr. Charl. Lorimets ( Fr. Lormier ) A. 1. R. 2. ca. 12. is one of the Companies of London , that make bits for horse bridles , spurs , and such like small iron work ; The name seems to be taken from the Lat. Lorum , and is elsewhere written Loriners . Loseng ( Sax. ) Herbert Bp. of Thetford ( after of Norwich ) A. 1094. was nick-named Loseng that is the flatterer ; our ●old English word Leasing , for tying , retains some affinity hereto , and at this day we call an insinuating fellow , a glozing Companion . Full. Losenger ( Sax. ) a flatterer or lyar . Chaucer . Lotion ( lotio ) a washing or rinsing . Loover or L'overt , a tunnel on the top of a roof or house ( from the Fr. l'overt , i. apertus ) a place made open to let out the smoak on the top of the house ; so we say pound overt , a Pound open at the top , that men may see the Cattle impounded , and cast in sustenance to them . Lourdane or Lordane ( Fr. Lourdin ) sottish , dunce-like , heavy , dull , blockish . But Sir R. Baker in his Chron. fo . 18. gives this etymology ; when the Danes Lorded it in England , the English were fain to till and ear the ground , whilst the Danes sate idle , and ate the fruit of their labors , and yet in every place , for very fear , were called Lord-Danes , which afterwards became a word of derision , when one would signifie a Lazy-Lubber . Louvre ( Fr. ) is the royal Seat of the Kings of France in Paris , famous throughout all Europe . The front ( which is of Masonry , inriched with Pillars , Frizes , Architraves , and all sorts of Architecture with excellent symmetry and beauty ) was begun by Francis the first ; finished by Hen. his Son , and afterward increased by Francis the second , Charls the ninth ; Last of all made the wonder of all other works , by that long and beautiful Gallery , the work of Henry the fourth . Lozenge ( Fr. ) a little square-Cake of preserved flowers , hearbs , &c. also a quarry of a glass window , or any thing of that form ; A term in Heraldry . See the difference between a Fusil , a Lozenge , and a Mascle , in Gwillim fol. 358. Lubrefaction , a making slippery , stirring or quick . Bac. Lubrical Lubricious ( lubricus ) slippery , deceitful , incertain ; stirring , wanton , lascivious . Lubricity ( lubricitas ) slipperiness , incertainty , wantonness , incontinency . Lucetus , a beast almost as big as a Wolf , breeding in Muscovia and Russia , of colour between red and brown , mingled with black spots ; its skin is a very rich Fur , A. 24. H. 8. ca. 14 : Lucible ( lucibilis ) that is light of it self , that is apt to shine . Lucid ( lucidus ) clear , bright , shining . Lucidity ( luciditas ) brightness , clearness . Lucifer ( Lat. ) properly the Star arising before the morning , as messenger of day-light , the Day-star : but figuratively the King of Babylon , Nebuchadnezar ; an arch Devil . Luciferous ( lucifer , a , um ) that brings or causeth light . Luciferians , a sort of Hereticks , so called from their Author Lucifer , Bishop of Calaris in Sardinia in time of Pope Liberius , and the Emperor Constantius , about the year of Christ 365. they held the soul of man was propagated out of the substance of his flesh , &c. Lucina , Juno and Diana so called , because they ruled the travel of women , and helped them in that business . Lucrative ( lucrativus ) taken with gain or advantage ; whereof great profit is made . Lucr●ce , a chaste woman ; so used from Lucretia , a chaste woman of Rome , the wife of Tarquinius Collatinus , who slew herself , because Sextus Tarquinius had ravished her . Lucrificate ( lucrifico ) to gain , or get , to seek after gain . Lucrous ( lucrosus ) full of gain or lucre , profitable . Luctation ( luctatio ) wrestling , striving , much contending . Luctiferous ( luctifer ) that causeth sorrow or mourning . Luctisonant ( luctisonus ) that signifies sorrow or waiting . Lucubration ( lucubratio ) a study or work by candle-light . Lucubrator● ( lucubratorius ) of or belonging to study , or working by candlelight . Luculency ( luculentia ) brightness , beauty . Luculent ( luculentus ) full of light , clear ; beautiful , famous . Ludible ( ludibilis ) apt to play , sportive . Ludibrious ( ludibriosus ) reproachful , shameful , ridiculous . Ludicr●l Ludicrous ( ludicer ) pertaining to play or mirth , mocking , light , childish . Greg. Ludification ( ludificatio ) a mocking , deceiving or beguiling . Lues Venerea ( Lat. ) Morbus Gallicus , or Neopolitanus , the Venerean Murrain , or French Pox. Lugent ( lugens ) mourning or lamenting . Lugubrous ( lugubris ) lamentable , sorrowful , pertaining to grief and mourning . Luttion ( luitio ) a paying a ransome . Luminaries ( luminaria ) great lights or Lamps ; conspicuous Stars , the Sun and Moon ; Also the Feast of light , the Feast of Christs Nativity or Christmass , was so called in the Western or Latin Church ; because they used many lights and candles at this Feast ; or rather , because Christ the light of all lights , that true light , then came into the world . Luminous ( luminosus ) full of light , lightsome . Lunar ( lunaris ) pertaining to the Moon . Lunatick ( lunaticus ) that is wood or frantick , at a certain time of the moon . Luracy , that disease . Lupet●al ( Lat. ) a place dedicated to the God Pan , from Lupa ; because there a she-Wolf nourished Romulus and Remus . So the Sacrifices and Plays dedicated to Pan were called Lupercalia or lupercal Sacrifices , and the Priests of Pan ( luperci ) who , on the day of their Sacrifices ran up and down the City naked , and stroak the hands and bellies of women great with child , with a Goats skin , thereby to signifie both fruitfulness and easie deliverance . Rider . Lupires ( lupinum ) a little flat pulse , almost like a small bean , but much less and bitter in taste ; They are not very good meat , but are sometimes used in Physick against worms in children , and the decoction of them takes away spots and freekles of the face . Lurcation ( lurcatio ) a greedy eating or gluttonizing ; derived from Lura , a great leathern bottle . Lurdane . See Lourdain . Lurid ( luridus ) pale , wan , black and blew . Luscition ( luscitio ) dimness , pore-blindness of the eyes . Lushbrbogh , a base coyn in the days of Edward the third Lusion ( lusio ) a playing , game , or pastime . Lustration ( lustratio ) compassing , viewing or going about on every side ; a purging by Sacrifice , which was done every five years . Bac. Lustrifical ( lustrificus ) that hath power to purge or make holy , pertaining to purging . Lustium ( Lat. ) a Den or Cave for wilde beasts ; a purging by Sacrifice ; also the space of fifty moneths , or five years The Romans sometimes kept their account of time by these Lustiums , which were so called because they did once in every five years revolution , Lustrare exercitum Romanum , by sacrifice purge the Roman Army . Hence we use sometimes , two Lustrums , for ten years , three Lustrums fifteen years , &c. Lutheranism , the doctrine or Tenets of Martin Luther , who ( being an Augustin Monk ) forsook his Monastical course of life , about the year 1515 , and from him Lutherans took denomination : These differ from the Calvinists , chiefly in maintaining consubstantiation in the blessed Eucharist , with omnipresence , and eternal predestination , to be out of a foreseen faith , and good works , and not absolute ; which tenents are impugned by the Calvinists . Heil Luteous ( luteus ) that is made of clay , ●eam , morter , or earth ; filthy , muddy . Lutulent ( lutulentus ) miry , dirty , filthy . Luxate ( luxo ) to put out of joynt , to loosen . Luxation ( luxatio ) a loosening or putting out of joynt . Luxuriate ( luxurio ) to exceed , to be riotous or wanton , to grow rank . Luxurious ( luxuriosus ) riotous , given too much to pleasure , excessive . Lycanthropy ( lycanthropia ) a frenzy or melancholy , which causeth the patient ( who thinks he is turned Wolf ) to fly all company , and hide himself in dens and corners . See Were-wolf . Lyceum , Aristotles famous School near Athens ; Also Cicero's School , in his Mannor at Tusculum . Lydian Musick ( Lydius modus ) doleful and lamentable musick . Lymphatick ( lymphaticus ) allayed or mixed with water ; Also mad , furious , bestraught . Lydford Law , is to hang men first , and indite them afterwards . Lyncean Lynceous ( lynceus ) pertaining to the beast Lynx ; also quick-sighted , from Lynceus one of the Argonauts , who was admired for his quickness of sight . He could see the new Moon , the first day when it was in the sign Aries , &c. Lynx ( Lat. ) a spotted beast like a Wolf , having a very perfect sight . This beast breeds chiefly in the Eastern Countries , and is often found in the woods of Almain and Sclavonia . Hence the phrase of a Lynx-like-eye , for one that 's well and perfect sighted . Lypothumy . See Lipothumy . Lyrick ( lyricus ) a Poet that makes verses to be sung to the Harp or Lute . The best of these among the Grecians was Pindarus ; among the Latins Horace . Lyrick , taken adjectively , is pertaining to a Harp , that plays on a Harp , or to Lyrick verses , which the antients applied to Songs and Hymms . Lyrist ( lyristes ) a Harper , or one that sings to the Harp. M MAbel ( Mabilia ) a Christian name for women ; from amabilis , i. lovely . Mac in Irish is as much as Filz in French , or as Son in English ; as Mac-William , or Mac-Adam , i. the Son of William , or Adam . Macaleb , the bastard Coral or Pomander ; of whose sweet and shining black berries , Bracelets are made . Macaronique ( Fr. ) a confused heap , or huddle of many several things . Macarons ( Fr. ) little Friter-like Buns , or thick Lozenges compounded of Sugar Almonds , Rose-water , and Musk , pounded together and baked with a gentle fire . Also the Italian Marcaroni , lumps or gobbets of boyled paste , served up in butter , and strewed over with spice , and grated cheese ; a common dish in Italy . Macedonians ( Macedones ) people of Macedonia , a large Country of Europe . Macellarious ( macellarius ) pertaining to the Butchers Row or Shambles . Macellator ( Lat. ) a Butcher , or Slaughter-man . Macerate ( macero ) to make lean ; to mortifie , weaken , bring down ; also to allay , soak or steep in liquor . Machiavelian , a subtil Statesman , or cunning Polititian ; So taken from Nicholas Machiavel , Recorder of Florence , whose Politicks have poisoned almost all Europe . Machevalize or Machiavelianize , to practise Machiavelianism , or subtil policy . Machine ( machina ) an instrument or engine of War , a frame , tool or device ; a subtil shift to deceive . Machina● ( machinor ) to devise or plot , to imagine or contrive , to invent craftily . Macilent ( macilentus ) lean , thin , barren . Macritude ( macritudo ) leanness , barrenness . Macrocosmus ( Gr. ) the great world . Macrology ( macrologia ) prolixity in speaking ; long and tedious talk or speech , to little or no purpose . It is a figure among Rhetoricians ; As , Vivat Carolus Augustus , & non moriatur , &c. Mactator ( Lat. ) a killer or murderer . Maculatures ( from macula ) blotting or waste papers . Maculate ( maculo ) to stain , spot , or defile ; to defame . Madid ( madidus ) wet or washed , moist , imbrued ; also drunken . Madidate Madiffe madido madefacio to wet or moisten , to make wet , to wash or bath . Madidity ( madiditas ) moisture , or fulness of moisture . Mador ( Lat. ) moisture ; also sweat . Madrigal ( Ital. madrigali ) a kind of song . Magazine ( Fr. Magazin , quasi mansio gazae , i. locus ubi gazae & thesauri reponuntur ) a publick Store-house or Ware-house , most commonly appropriated to appurtenances of War. Magdaleon ( magdaleo ) a Langate , or long plaister like a Rowler . Dr. Br. Magellanick Sea , so called from Ferdinando Magellanus . Magi , or the Wise-men of the East . See Balthazar . Magician ( magus , a Persian word primitively ) the Persians call those Magos or Magicians whom the Grecians call Philosophos ; the Latins Sapientes ; the Gauls , Druyds : the Egyptians , Prophets or Priests ; the Indians , Gymnosophists ; the Germans Die Pfaffen ; we English , Wisemen , Wisards , Cunning-men , South-sayers or Enchanters . Cham. otherwise called Z●roaster , K. of the Bactrians ( who reigned 800 years after the siege of Troy ) is said to be the first inventer of Art Magick . Magia , among the Persians , was taken for sublime sapience , and a Science of the harmony and contents of universals in Nature . Bac. And see Sir Walt. Ral. l. 1. f. 171. Magick Art ( magia ) in general , is wisdom , or contemplation of heavenly Sciences , and is twofold ; Natural , which is lawful , and is the ground of all true Physick , and the occult wisdom of nature , without which all mans Reason and Knowledge is Ignorance ; The other is Diabolical , superstitious and unlawful , and is called Necromancy ; whereby men attain to the knowledge of things by the assistance of evil spirits . Chym. Dict. Magistery ( magisterium ) mastership , the rule or office of a Master : Dr. Br. Magistral Mag●sterial ( magistralis ) pertaining to , or done by a Master or Magistrate ; master-like , artificial . In Physick it signifies a Plaister , Salve , or Pill prepared after the best manner . Magna Charta , the great Charter , contains a number of Laws ordained the ninth year of Hen. 3. and confirmed by Edw. 1. We have no ancienter written Law then this , which though it consist of not above Thirty seven Charters or Laws , yet is it of such extent , as all the Law we have is thought in some sort to depend of it . Magnalia ( Lat. ) great things to be wondred at . As Magnalia Dei ( mentioned Act. 2.11 ) the great works of God. Magnality ( from magnalia ) an admired greatness . Magnanimity ( magnanimitas ) courage , greatness of mind , nobleness of spirit , stoutness of heart . Magnanimous ( magnanimus ) generous , of a great mind , of a stout spirit . Magnete ( magnes , etis ) a loadstone . See Lodestone . Magnetick ( magneticus ) belonging to the Lodestone , or that which draws unto or attracts . Magnify ( magnifacio ) to make great account of , to honor much . Magnificence ( magnificentia ) stateliness , sumptuousness , high atchievement , great performance . Magnificat , part of the Even-song among the Romanists , or the song of the Blessed Virgin Mary , Luk. 1.46 . beginning thus Magnificat anima mea . &c. My soul doth magnifie our Lord , &c. At saying of which , they use to stand up , as being a Canticle or Song of joy , for the delivery whereof , that posture is most proper . To correct magnificat ( an English Proverb ) signifies to attempt to amend Scripture , or that which is beyond correction . Magnifico ( Ital. ) a great or honorable Personage : The chief Noblemen of Venice are by a peculiar title , called Magnifici , or Magnifico's . And the Rectors of the Academies in Germany are honored with the same Title . Magnificent Magnifical ( magnificus ) ( that atchieveth worthy acts , noble , sumptuous , acting great matters , majestical . Magniloquy Magniloquence ( magniloquentia ) a lofty manner of speaking , or a discourse of great matters . Magniloquent ( magniloquus ) that useth a stately manner of speaking or writing . Magnitude ( magnitudo ) greatness , largeness , nobleness , valiantness . Magog ( mentioned in Ezek. 38. ) Gog in the Hebrew signifies ( saith St. Hierom ) tectum , or a covering of a house . And Pintus , upon Ezekiel affirms , that by Gog is meant Antichrist ; For ( saith he ) Antichristus erit Diaboli tegumentum sub specie humana ; That Antichrist shall be the covering of the Devil under humane form . He adds that Magog , is as much to say as Gog , the letter [ M ] being an Hebrew Preposition and imports as much as of or from , so he takes Magog for those people that follow Antichrist . See more in exposition of these two words in Sir Walt. Ral. hist . lib. 1. fol. 136. Mahm or Maim ( from the Lat. mancus ) signifies a corporal hurt , whereby a man loseth the use of any member , that is or might be any defence to him in battle . The Canonists call it Membri mutilationem , as the Eye , the Hand , the Foot , the scalp of the Head , the fore tooth , or ( as some say ) any finger of the hand . Glanvile . lib. 14. ca. 7. And Vgolinus de irregularit . ca. 4. sect . 3 , 4 , 5. Magonel , an instrument to cast stones . Chauc . Mahumetism or Mahumetanism , the Religion and profession of Mahumet and the Turks ; which see in Alchoran , Mahumets Law-book . Mahumetan , one that professeth that Religion . Maid-Morsan . See Moriseo . Majestative ( majestativus ) that is full of majesty or majestical . Mainour or Manner ( from the Fr. Maniére , i. the Manner ) signifies in our Common Law , when a Thief hath stoln , and is followed with Hue and Cry , and taken with the Manner , that is , having the thing stoln about him , which is called the Mainour ; and so we say when we find one doing an unlawful act , that we took him in the mainour or manner . Mainpernable ( a Law word , and ) signifies bailable , or that may be bailed ; and Mainpernors , are the Sureties for one that is mainprized to appear at a certain day , &c. yet Mr. Manwood , 1. part . For. Laws , p. 167. makes a difference between Bail and Mainprize , viz. that he that is mainprised hath a greater liberty , then he that is bailed , &c. Main-sworn , in our Northern Dialect , signifies foresworn or perjured . Major ( Lat. ) the greater . The major proposition of a Syllogism . See in Syllogism . Majorate ( majoro ) to make greater . Majoration , a making greater . Bac. Malachite ( malachites ) a stone of a drak green colour . Malacissation ( malacissatio ) a kneading or making soft ▪ Bac. Malacy ( malachia ) a calm , or still time on the Sea ; also the inordinate lusting of women with child . Malaga or Malaca Sick , so called from a City of that name in Andalusia in Spain , where that kind of wine is made . Maladie ( Fr. ) a sickness or disease . Malanders , a disease in horses , from the Span. ( malander ) i. to go ill ; for so the disease makes them . Maldisant ( Fr. ) an evil speaker , a backbiter . Malediction ( maledictio ) evil-speaking , a curse , banning , imprecation , execration . Malefactor ( Lat. ) an evil-doer , an offender . Malefice ( maleficium ) an evil deed , an ill act , a shrewd turn ; hurt , displeasure . Maleficence ( maleficentia ) evil doing . Maleficiate ( malefacio ) to do wrong , to offer abuse , to do evil . Bac. Maletent , in the Statute called the Confirmation of the Liberties of , &c. An. 29. Ed. 1. ca. 7. is interpreted to be a Toll of forty shillings for every sack of wooll . Stow in his Annals p. 461. calls it a Maletot ( from the Fr. maletoste or Maletote ) See also the Stat. de Tallagio non concedendo . Malevolence ( malevolentia ) ill-will , heart-burning , spite . Malignity ( malignitas ) malice prepensed , ill-will , grudge , despight , villany . Malleable ( from . malleus ) tractable , hammerable , which may be wrought or beaten with the hammer . Malleated ( malleatus ) wrought or beaten with the hammer or beetle . Malkin , Maukin , or Scovel to make clean an oven ( the Italians call it Scovola di forno , i. the broom or besome of the oven ) the Lat. is Peniculus , or Penicillus , dim . a pene , i. a tail ; because they were in times past , made of the tails of beasts , as now they are of old clouts . Min. Malmesy , a sort of wine so called from Arvisium , a promontory , in the Island Chio , vulgarly called Marvisia , or Malvisia , whence comes the best of this kind . Maltesian , an Inhabitant of the Island Malta , called in Scripture Melita . Mamaluke , a light-horseman ( in the Syrian and Arabian tongues ) the Mamalukes were an order of valiant horse-men in the last Empire of Egypt . Cot. Mammeated ( mammeatus ) that hath Paps or Teats . Mammon , is a Syriac word , signifying riches , or the god of Riches . Hierom sup . Matth. cap. 17. The Mammon of iniquity , is expounded to be wealth unjustly detained from them to whom it is due . Greg. Mammonist ( from mammon ) may be taken for a worldling , or one that seeks after riches . Mamm●oda , a coyn among the East Indians of equal value with our shilling . Manation ( manatio ) a flowing , or running , a trickling down . Manbote ( Sax. ) a pecuniary compensation for killing a man. Lambert in his exposition of Saxon words verbo , Aestimatio . Of which read Roger Hoveden also in his Annals , fol. 344. Manche ( Fr. ) a sleeve ; a term of Heraldry . Also any thing in form of a sleeve . Mancipate ( mancipo ) to deliver possession , to give the right to another , to sell for money . Mancipation ( mancipatio ) a manner of selling before witnesses with sundry ceremonies , &c. so called à manucaptione , from taking that which is sold into ones hands or possession . See Emancipate . Manciple ( manceps ) a Caterer , or one that in Colledges or Hospitals buys victuals and common provision into the house . Mancuse ( mancusa ) of the antient pence ( which weighed about three pennies of our money ) thirty ( as Alfric Arch-Bishop of Canterbury , in his Saxon Grammer , notes ) made a Mancus , which some think to be all one with a Mark ; for that Manca , or Mancusa is translated in antient Books , by Marca ; and Manca ( as appears by an old fragment ) was quinta pars unciae . These Mancuse or Mancus were reckoned both in gold and silver . For about the year of our Lord 680. In a King of the West Saxons , as we read in Malmsbury , enforced the Kentish men to redeem their peace at thirty thousand Manca's of gold . In the notes upon Canutus Laws , I find this difference , that Mancusa was as much as a Mark of silver , and Manca was a square piece of gold commonly valued at thirty pence . Cam. Rem . fo . 181. Mandate ( mandatum ) a commandment , a message , commission , or any thing that one is commanded to speak or do . In our Common Law it is a commandment judicial of the King or his Justices to have any thing done for the dispatch of Justice , whereof you shall see diversity in the table of the Register judicial . Verbo , Mandatum . Mandatary ( mandatarius ) he to whom a commandment or charge is given ; or he that comes to a Benefice by a Mandamus . Mandible ( mandibilis ) eatable , or that may be eaten . Mandible ( from mandibula ) the Jaw . Mandilian or Mandilion ( from the Fr. Mandil or Mandille ) a loose Cassock , such as Souldiers use to wear . Mandrake or Mandrage ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. a Den or Hole , because it useth to grow about Dens or Caves ) a strange plant bearing yellow round apples , the root of it is great and white like a Radish root , and is divided into two or more parts , growing sometimes like the legs of a man. This root , especially its bark , is extreamly cold and dry , even to the fourth degree . It is therefore very dangerous to receive inwardly , for that the least quantity too much , will quickly kill a man. Chyrurgeons use to steep this root in wine , and give it to be drunk by such as they must cut , saw , or burn in any part ; for its cold operation causeth sleep , and maketh the body insensible for a time . See the confutation of many false conceptions concerning this plant Mandrake , in Dr. Br. Vul. Er. l. 2. ca. 6. Mandrakes , lovely or amiable , so in the Hebrew ; The Greek translates them Apples of Madragoras or Mandrake Apples ; they were such things as gave a smel , Gen. 30.14 . Cant. 7.13 . Wilson . Manducable ( from Manduco ) eatable , that may be chewed or eaten . Manducation ( manducatio ) a chewing or eating . Mandy Thursday . See in Day . Mangonize ( mangonizo ) to polish , paint , or trim up a thing . Mangonism , the craft of pampering , trimming or setting out saleable things . Maniable ( from manus ) that may be managed by the hand , tractable . Bac. Maniack ( maniacus ) mad , frantick , brain-sick , wilde-headed . Manichees , a sort of Hereticks so called from one Manes a Persian the first broacher of that Heresie . They held a fatal necessity of sinning , &c. with other damnable Tenets . This Manes affirmed himself to be both Christ and the Paraclet too , and sent out his twelve Disciples about the world , to spread abroad his heretical Dogms , &c. Manicies ( manicae ) hand-Fetters , or Gives wherewith Pris●ners are bound by the hands ; from manus , a hand . Manifesto ( Lat. ) an open or publick declaration , most commonly of some Prince or Commonwealth , concerning publick matters . Maniple ( manipulus ) a gripe , a handful , a bundle ; But more particularly , it is a Fannel or Scarf-like ornament worn about the lest Wrist of of a sacrificing Priest . Also a file of ten Soldiers under one Captain and Tent ; so called because their handstrokes in fighting went together ; Or because they fought sub eodem manipulo foeni ( an handful of hay being used at that time instead of a flag . ) Ovid. Pertica suspensos pendebat longa manipsos , Vnde maniplaris nomina miles habet . But I find in some Authors , that the antient Roman Maniple consisted of 200 Souldiers . See Legion . Manipular ( manipularis ) belonging to a band of men . Manna ( Gr. ) man , or the dew of heaven ; a delicate food , wherewith God fed the children of Israel , it falling from heaven in manner of a dew , white , and somewhat like Coriander seed ; with which the Israelites lived forty years in the Wilderness , till they came to the Borders of the Land of Canaan . At first sending hereof the people were in such admiration that they said to each other , manhu ? i. quid est hoc ? what is this ? which seems to be the cause why it was afterward called Manna . In Physick it is taken for a kind of dew , or grained Manna , which , falling in hot Countries upon trees and herbs before break of day , doth there congeal , almost like crums of white bread , and is gathered and choicely kept , as a gentle purger of Choler ; it is sweet of taste ; the best comes from Calabria , where they gather it from the leaf of the Mulberry Tree . Nat. hist . 165. It is also taken for any sweet matter extracted out of any thing . Mansion ( mansio ) a tarrying , a baiting , an abiding . Also ( as Bracton defines it , lib. 5. cap. 28. num . 1. ) it is a dwelling consisting of one or more houses without any neighbor ; And yet he grants forthwith that Mansio Mansioni possit esse vicinata . I find it most commonly used for the Lords chief dwelling house within his Fee , whether it have neighbors adjoyning or not , otherwise called the capital Messuage , or the chief Mannor place . Mansio among the antient Romans was a place appointed for the lodging of the Prince or Souldiers in their journey or march , furnished , with convenient entertainment by the neighbors adjoyning , &c. Manslaughter ( homicidium ) is the unlawful killing a man without prepensed malice ; As when two , that formerly meant no harm to one another meet together , and , upon some sudden occasion falling out , the one kills the other . West . part . 2. Symb. titulo Inditements . Sect. 44. It differs from murther , because it is not done with prepensed or foregoing malice ; And from Chancemedley , because it hath a present intent to kill ; and this is Felony , but admits Clergy for the first time . Stawnf . pl. Cor. lib. 1. ca 9. and Britton . ca. 9. It is confounded with murder in the Stat. 28. Ed. 3. ca. 11. Mansuete ( mansuetus ) gentle , courteous , meek , milde , humble , tractable . Mansuetude ( mansuetudo ) gentleness , meekness , tractableness , humility . Manticulate ( manticulor ) to do a thing closely , as to pick a purse . Manticore or Manticorn , ( Ital. Manticora ) a ravenous and mankind-Indian beast , that hath three ranks of very sharp teeth , a face like a man , and body like a Lyon. Plin. l. 8. ca. 21. Mantile or Mantle ( Lat. mantile , Br. Mantel ) a kind of cloak which Souldiers in times past used in Winter , a long hanging Cloak ; it is taken for a long robe , An. 24. H. 8. ca. 14. Now it is called a Leaguer-Cloak ; and the Ladies have appropriated the name to a kind of cloak which they wear . Also a term in Herauldry , and was antiently a kind of Cloak or Mantle , encompassing the Coat armor , but now is that flourish which proceeds from the Wreath , and Helm , and descends externally on each side the Escotcheon . Manual ( manualis ) that fills the hand , that one may fold , cast or carry in the hand . Also used substantively ; as a Manual ( manuale ) a small portable volume , a book which may be carried in ones hand . Manuel , in Law is a thing whereof persent profit may be made . Stawnf . Praerog . fol. 54. Manuary ( manuarius ) gotten by handy labor , or that fills the hand . Manucaption ( manucaptio ) a taking by or with the hand . Manuduction ( manuductio ) a leading or guiding by the hand . Manumission ( manumissio ) a deliverance out of bondage , an enfranchisement , a making free . Manumit or Manumisse ( manumitto ) to enfranchize , to make a Slave or Bondman free , which was in old time thus . The Lord of the Slave holding him by the head , arm , or other part , said before witness , I will that this man go free , and in so saying , shoved him forward out of his hand . Manutention ( from manu tenere ) a holding with the hand . Lo. Herb. H. 8. Maran-atha ( Syriac , i.e. adventus Dei , vel Deus venit ) a curse mentioned 1 Cor. 16. Anathema Maranatha the third and highest degree of Excommunication . The Jews called it Schammatha . See Dr Ham. Annot. fol. 600. Maravedis , a little Spanish coyn , whereof thirty four make but the Royal or six pence sterling . Marchasite or Marquesite ( marchasita ) a stone participating with the nature of some mettal , yet in so small quantity , that the mettal cannot be melted from it , but will vapor away in smoak , the stone turning to ashes ; those Marchasites are commonly in colour like the metal mixed with them , whether it be Gold , Silver , Brass , or any other . Some affirm a Marchasite to be any stone out of which fire may be strucken . Marcessible ( marcessibilis ) apt or easie to rot or putrifie . Marcgrave or Martgrave ( Germ. ) a County or Earl of the Borders , or Marches : with us a Marquess . Marches from the Germ. March , i. a border , or from the Fr. Marque , i. a Mark ) the borders , bounds or limits of any place , Region , or Country , as between us and Wales , or between us and Scotland , An. 24. H 8. ca. 9. Marcheta , Eugenius the third King of Scotland did wickedly ordain , that the Lord or Master of the ground or land , should have the first nights lodging with every married woman within the same ; which Ordinance was afterwards abrogated by King Malcome the third , who ordained , that the Bridegroom should have the sole use of his own Wife , and therefore should pay to the Lord , a piece of money called Marca . Hect. Boetius , l. 3. ca. 12. Spotsw . Hist . fol. 29. Mr. Skene says , that Mercheta mulieris is the raid of the woman , or the first carnal copulation with her . pag. 93. Marchionesse , the wife of a Marquess . Marcid ( marcidus ) withered , rotten , feeble , lither . Marcidious ( marcidiosus ) very rotten , feeble , &c. Marcionists , old condemned Hereticks , so called of their first Master Marcion , a Stoick Philosopher , who held a detastable opinion , that Christ was not the Son of God. Marcor ( Lat. ) rottenness , withering pining away . Mare-maid . See Mer-maid . Night-Mare , a disease in the night , that troubles one so in his sleep , that he can scarce breath . See Incubus . Mareshal . See Marshal . Margaratiferous ( margaritifer ) that brings forth , or hath plenty of pearls or Margarites , which are found in the shel-fish , especially in Oysters ; the best are brought out of India ; yet they are also found in our English and Flemish Seas , but not in such perfection . Marginal Marginean ( marginalis margineus ) belonging to the brim or margin , written in the margin . Marine Maritan ( marinus ) belonging to , or near the Sea ; also strange , as from beyond Sea. Marital ( maritalis ) belonging to marriage or Wedlock , on the Husbands part . Maritime ( maritimus ) belonging to , or near the Sea ; wavering and changeable . Mark , is with us 13 s. 4 d. In Scotland but 13 d. ob . See Marcheta . Marmoration ( marmoratio ) a building with marble . Marmorean ( marmoreus ) of marble , or that is like it in colour , hardness , &c. Maronean wine , wine of such vertue and strength , that if twenty times so much water be put to it , it will still keep his vertue . And is so called from Maronea or Marogna a City of Ciconia where it is made . Rider . Maronites ( so called from one Maron , who is mentioned in the fifth Act of the Constantinopolitan Council ) a sort of Christians , onely found in Mount Libanus in Syria ; they have a Patriarck , whose name is always Peter ; they were a limb of the Jacobites ; but received the Roman Catholick Religion in the Papacy of Clement . 8. who sent them a Catechism printed at Rome in the Arabian language . Sands . Marque ( seems to a French word , signifying notam , vel signum , or else to come from the Germ. March , i. limes , or from Marc , a Britan word ( used not onely by the now Welch , but also by the Armoricans ) signifying as much as note or character ) signifies in the antient Statutes of our Land , as much as Reprisals ; as A. 4. H. 5. c. 7. Marques and Reprizals are used as Synonima ; and letters of Marque are found in the same signification in the same Chapter . See Law of Marque Marquetry , is a most curious work wrought in wood of divers colours , and divers sorts , into the shape of knots , flowers and other devices , with that excellency of cunning , as they seem all to be one piece , and rather the work of Nature then Art ; Chequer-work , Inlaid-word . Marquetrie , properly belongs to Joyners , as Mosaique to Masons and Stone-cutters , though some Authors confound them . See Mosaique . Marquess or Marquis ( narchio ) by the opinion of H●tom . comes of ▪ the Germ. March , i. limes , signifying originally as much as custos limtis , or comes & praefectus limtis , &c. These are with us , in honor and place next Dikes . See Cassau . de consuet . Birg . p. 15. See Marcgrave . Marquisate ( Fr. Marquisa● ) a Marquiship or Marqusdom , the Territories of a Marquess . Marrow ( Fr marauld ) a felow , a Knave , or Rascal . Mars , the Heathen god of War ; taken for War or Battle it self . Also one of the seven Planets . See Saturn . Marshal ( Fr. Mareschal ) with us there are divers Officers of this name ; but one most noble of all the rest , who is called Lord or Earl Marshal of England , of whom mention is made in divers Statutes , as An. 1. H. 4. ca , 7. and 14. and An. 13. R. 2. ca. 2. His Office consists especially in matters of War and Arms , as well with us , as in other Countries , whereof you may read in Lupanus de Magistratibus Franciae , lib. 1. ca. Marschallus , & Tilius lib. 2. ca. de Conestabili , Mariscallo , &c. The next to this is the Marshal of the Kings house , then the Marshal of the Justices in Eyre , Marshal of the Upper Bench Prison in Southwark , Marshal of the Kings Hall , Marshal of the Exchequer , &c. whereof see Cowel . In every Regiment of Souldiers there is a Marshal , whose Office is to look to Prisoners of War , and to put in execution all sentences or orders of the Council of War upon offenders , &c. In Francis the firsts time there were but two Lord Marshals of France , now there are ten , who having their several Provinces assigned them by the King , ride Circuits , are present at all general musters , to see how military Discipline is observed in Garisons , view the Fortifications and reparations of Frontier Towns , the munition and victual of Arsenals and Store-houses , and lastly , provide for the punishment and suppression of all vagrant and idle Rogues ; And as they ( under the Constable ) command all Dukes , Earls , Barons , Captains and Gensdarms ; so may they neither give battle , make Proclamation , nor muster any men , without his commandment . Cotgr. In the old Saxon it was Marscalc ; Mate being the general name for a Horse , male and female : and Scalc signified a kind of servant , as Scalco still does in Italian : So that Marscalc ( now Marshal ) was with our Ancestors Curator equorum , one that had the charge of horses ; and in France a Farrier is still called Mareschal . Verst . Martgrave . See Marcgrave . Martial ( martialis ) born under the Planet Mars ; warlike . Martial Law , is that which depends on the voyce of the King , or the Kings Lieutenant , or of the General or his Officers in Wars . Smith de Repub. Angl. l. 2. c. 3. See Law of Arms. Martichore , a beast found in the Indies , which hath the face of a Man , and the body of a Lyon , which counterfeits the sound of Flutes to charm passengers , and then entraps and kills them . Martingale ( Fr. ) a Thong of leather , the one end whereof is fastened under the chops of a horse , and the other to the fore-Girth betwixt his fore-legs , to make him rein well , and hinder him from casting up his head . Martyrologe ( martyrologium ) a book that treats of the acts , names , and sufferings of Martyrs . Mascle ( Fr. macle ) a short Lozenge , having a square hole in the midst ; a term in Blazon . Masculine ( masculinus ) of the male kind , manly . Masse , from the Lat. missa , but whether missa be derived from the Hebrew , or be a Latin word corrupted , is no small controversie ; They that derive it from the Hebrew , conceive it comes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Missah , which signifies an Oblation or Offering ; They that account it a Latin word corrupted , conceive the Fathers used it instead of missio , a sending aeway : For in antient times when the Mass or publick Service was ended , and the Communicants addressed them selves to be partakers of the holy Eucharist , it was a custom to send away the younger for , such as were not yet fully instructed and catechised ; hence missa was taken for and signfied a Sacrifice , an Oblation or Offering . The old Saxons called al holy days Mass days ; because they were obliged to hea● Mass on those days . Christian Caveat in part . See Lammas . Massicot ( Fr. ) Oaker made of Ceruse , or white lead . Massilians . See Messalians Mastication ( masticatio ) a● eating or chewing . Mastick ( mastiche ) a white and clear gum , of a sweet savour , and grows on the Lentisk tree in the Island Chios . It 's temperate in heat , and of a dry binding nature , wherefore it strengthens the stomack , stays vomiting , and stops any issue of blood . Some use to rub their teeth with it , as well to whiten them , as to fasten such as are loose . Masticine ( masticinus ) of , or pertaining to , or of the colour of Mastick . Mastigophorer ( mastigophorus ) a fellow worthy to be whipped ; also an Usher , who with whips removed the people , where there was much press . Mastruke ( mastruca ) a garment that men of Sardinia used ; a Robe made of Wolves or Deers skins , which the Nobles in old time were wont to wear in Winter . Mateologie ( mataeologia ) vain enquiry , or over-curious search into high matters and mysteries . Mateotechnie ( mataeotechnia ) the vanity which is in science or craft , vain knowledge . Materia prima ( Lat. ) the first matter or subject of all substantial forms , whereof all natural bodies consist . Materiation ( materiatio ) the felling of timber for building , preparing of timber wood for service in War. Dr. Br. Maternal ( maternus ) of or belonging to a mother , on the mothers side , motherly . Maternity ( maternitas ) motherhood , the being a mother . Mathematical ( mathematicus ) of or pertaining to the Mathematicks , or to a Mathematician . Mathematicks ( mathematica ) Sciences or Arts taught by demonstration , and comprehend four of the Liberal Sciences ( viz. ) Arithmetick ( wherein Algaebra is comprehended ) Geometry , Musick , Astronomy ; wherein the Egyptians and Caldeans first excelled . Mathematician ( mathematicus ) one skilful in the Mathematicks . Mathurins , Friers so called , being of the order of the Holy Trinity , whose principal institute is to redeem poor Christian Captives from the slavery of the Turk ; to which purpose they beg alms , and depute a person of their own to go to Argier , &c. to carry the price of their redemption . Matines ( matutinum ) one of the Canonical hours for prayer in the Roman Catholick Church , which begins at three of the clock in the morning ; morning prayers . Matricide ( matricidium ) the killing of ones mother ; if from Matricida , then it is a Matricide , or one that kills his own mother , as that cruel Tyrant and monster of men Nero was . Matrice ( matrix ) the place in the womb , where the child is conceived . Matrices of Letters or Characters , are those Moulds or forms , in which the Letters and Characters which Printers use are formed and fashioned by the Letter-founder . Matriculate ( Ital. matriculare ) to register names . It comes of mater , a mother ; For then are young Schollars in an University said to be Matriculated , when they are sworn and registred into the Society of their Foster-mother of Learning , the University . Matrimonial ( matrimonialis ) of or belonging to matrimony , or Wedlock . Maturated ( maturatus ) hastened , soon finished , made ripe . Dr. Br. Maturative ( maturativus ) apt , or helping to ripen . Maturity ( maturitas ) ripeness , fulness of age , fitness of time , perfection . Matutinal ( matutinalis ) belonging to the morning , or morning prayer . Maugre ( Fr. maulgré , i. animo iniquo ) in spight of ones heart or teeth , against ones will ; As the Wife , maugre the Husband , Littl. fol. 124. that is , wether the Husband will or not . Maund ( Fr. mande ) a Flasket , open Basket , or Pannier having handles ; a Hand-basket . Maundy Thursday ( dies mandati ) This was the Eve or day next before our Saviours crucifixion ; and usually called Holy Thursday . See more in Day . Mausoleum ( Lat. ) a famous Sepulchre , built by Queen Artemesia in honor of her Husband Mausolus King of Caria , and accounted one of the Worlds Wonders , it being twenty five Cubits high , supported with thirty six curious Pillars , and consisting of 411 foot in circuit , all of Marble , and of famous sculpture , of which Martial , Aëre nam vacuo pe●dentia Mausolaea Laudibus immodicis Cares ad astra ferunt . Hence any sumptuous Monument , Tomb , or Sepulchre , is called a Mausoleum . Maxillary Maxillar ( maxillaris ) belonging to the jaw-bone . Bac. Maxime ( maxima ) a rule that may not be denied , a proposition , an Aphorism or principle in any Art. Maxims in Law are the foundations of it , and the conclusions of Reason , which ought not at any time to be impeached or impugned : As for example , it is a Maxim , that if a man have issue two Sons , by divers women , and the one of them purchase lands in Fee , and die without issue , the other brother shall never be his Heir , &c. with divers like . Maximity ( maximitas ) exceeding greatness . Mazar or Mazer ( Belg. Maeser or Maser , i. a Maple , or the knob in the Maple ) a broad , flat , standing cup to drink in ; so called because such cups are often made of Maple , or of the knots of it : There is also a kind of small Cherries so called . Maze , an astonishment ; sometimes a device , like a Labyrinth , made in some Gardens in manner of a knot , with so many intricate turnings , wherein if one be once entred , it is hard getting out . M●ad ( Belg. Mede , Sax. Meed . ) See Hydromel and Bragget . Meander ( Maeander ) a river in Phrygia , now called Madre or Palazzia , having many turnings , &c. Hence any oblique turning or crooked winding is called Meander ; and Meandrous is used for crooked , or full of turnings . Mea● , the Tenor in Song or Musick ; it is an inner part between the Treble and Base , so called , because medium locum obtineat . Mease , a measure of Herring : Also taken by some for a Messuage or House ( Kitch . fol. 239 ) from the Fr. maison . See Mese . Measure of length three barly corns measured from end to end make an inch , twelve inches a foot , three foot a yard , five yards and a half , a Rood , Pole , or Pearch ; forty Roods in length and four in breadth make an Acre of land , according to the Statute ; forty Roods in length onely make a Furlong , eight Furlongs an English mile ; which is 1760 yards , 5280 foot , 63360 inches , or 190080 barley corns . A step is two foot and an half , the fadom seven foot , an English Ell three foot , and nine inches ; which measures differ from other Countries that have a Geometrical measure ; as four baley corns in thickness make a Finger or measure , four Fingers a Hand , four of those Hands in breadth a Foot , five of those Feet a Geometrical Pace , and 125 Paces a Furlong ; eight Furlongs , or 1000 Paces , five foot to a Pace , make an Italian mile ; 3000 Paces make a league , 4000 a common Dutch mile , and 5000 Paces make a German or great Dutch mile . Measondue ( Fr. maison de dieu ) an Hospital or Religious house . Mecaenas ( Mecaenas ) a Patron or Benefactor to learned men : so called of Mecaenas a noble Roman , who being in great favor with Augustus the Emperor , was a special friend to the Poets Virgil and Horace , and generally a supporter of all learned men . Mechanick ( mechanicus ) a Handicrafts man , a man of Occupation , a Trades-man . The seven Mechanical Arts are , first , Agriculture , or Husbandry . 2. Clothing . 3. Navigation . 4. Hunting . 5. Architecture . 6. Medicine . And 7. Military discipline . Mechation ( maechatio ) fornication , whoredom , strumpeting . Medalia Medal ( Fr. medaille ) an antient and flat Jewel , or a peice of antient coyn or plate , wherein the figure of some notable person , or some ingenious device is cast or cut ; examples of the first are common ; of the later , we read , that when some dislikes grew between the English and States of the United Provinces , they , fearing it might tend to the hurt of both , caused to be imprinted upon a Medalia , two pitchers floating on the water with this motto , Si collidimur , frangimur . Cam. Medallion ( Fr. medaillon ) a little Medal , Ouch or Brouche . Mede ( Belg. or medea ) a drink made of water and honey . See Bragget and Hydromel . Medea , a notable Sorceress , whom Poets feign to have had the power or skill to renew youth , and make old men young , &c. and this was nothing else but that from the knowledge of Simples , she had a Receipt to make white hair black , and reduce old heads into the tincture of youth again . Median ( medius ) the middle , half , mean ; not deserving praise or dispraise . Mediastine ( mediastinum ) a partition made in the body by certain thin skins , which divide the whole brest , from the Throat to the Midriff into two hollow bosoms . Cotg. Mediation ( mediatio ) a deviding in the middle , an intreating or beseeching , an intercession , an arbitrating a controversie . Medicable ( medicabilis ) that can heal or be healed , curable . Medical moneth , consists of twenty six days , and twenty two hours , &c. See Moneth . Medicament ( medicamentum ) a Medicine , Drug , Physick , or certain Salve . Medicaster , a pedling Physitian , a smatterer in Physick . Medicinable ( medicinabilis ) that may be cured or healed . Medicine ( medicina ) Physick ; which ( according to Plato ) is of five kinds . 1. Pharmaceutic , cureth diseases by application of medicaments . 2. Chirurgic , by incision or cauterizing . 3. Diaetetic , by Diet. 4. Nosognomonick discerns diseases . 5. Boethetic removes them . Medick ( medicus ) a Physitian . Mediety ( medietas ) the middle , the half . Medimnum , a certain measure containing six bushels . Mediocrity ( mediocritas ) a mean , competency , indifferency , temper , moderation . Medisance ( Fr. mesdisance ) reproach , obloquy , detraction . Meditative ( meditativus ) apt to meditate , or cast in the mind . Mediterranean ( mediterraneus ) in the middle of the Land ; far from the Sea. Mediterranean Sea ( so called because it hath its course in the midst of the earth ) is that which stretcheth it self from West to East , dividing Europe , Asia , and Africa . Medullar ( medullaris ) pertaining to the marrow . Meducean ( pertaining to Medusa ) a woman of great beauty , whose locks ( of gold colour ) Minerva turned into snakes , because she lay with Neptune in Minerva's Temple , &c. Meen ( Fr. mine ) the countenance , look , gesture , or posture of the face ; also the feature , outward face or shew . Megacosine ( Gr. ) the great world . Megaera , one of the Furies . See Furies . Megalesian or Megalensian Plays ( megalesia ) were Plays or Games at Rome , in honor of Cybele the Goddess . Megalopsychie ( megalopsychia ) magnanimity . Meganologie ( Gr. ) a speaking or discourse of magnitude or greatness . Megarick , a Sect of Philosophers instituted by Euclid , who was born at Megara , a Town near the Isthmus , and thence took name . Megrune or Migrame ( Hemicrania ) a pain coming by fits in the temples of the Head , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. semi , half , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. the skul , or brain-pan . It is a disease that pains onely the one half of the brain at once , and therefore called Megrime , or Hemicrain . Melancholy ( melancholia ) black choler caused by adustion of the blood ; also sadness , pensiveness , solitariness . Melancholy is by Physicians reckoned for one of the four humors of mans body , and resembles the Earth , as Choler doth the fire ; Blood the air ; Phlegm the water . It is said to be the grossest of all four , which , if it abound too much , causeth heaviness and sadness of mind . Melampod ( melampodium ) the herb called Hellebore . Melchior , The name of one of the three Kings of Gullein . See Balthazar . Melchiorists , a sort of Hereticks , so called from one Melchior , their first founder . Melchites , a Sect in Syria so called , who are subject to the Patriark of Antioch , and are of the same Tenets with the Grecians , except onely that they celebrate divine service , as solemnly on the Saturday as Sunday ; They take their denomination from Melchi , which in the Syriac signifies a King , because in matters of Religion , the people followed the Emperors Injunctions , and were of the Kings Religion , as the saying is . Heil . Meliorate ( melioro ) to wax better then before . Melioration ( melioratio ) an improvement , a bettering , a making or growing better . Meliority ( melioritas ) betterness , improvement . Melitism ( melitismus ) a drink made of honey and wine . Mellation ( mellatio ) the time of taking honey out of the Hives . Mellean Melleous ( melleus ) of or like honey , sweet , yellow . Melliferous ( mellifer ) that brings or bears honey . Mellificate ( mellifico ) to make honey . Mellifluent Mellifluous ( mellifluus ) sweet as honey , that out of which honey flowes : Also eloquent of speech . Melliloquent ( melliloquus ) that speaketh sweetly . Melliturgie ( Fr. ) the making of honey , Bees-work . Mellona or Mellonia , the Goddess of honey . Melody ( melodia ) harmony , sweet singing , a musical or sweet air . Melpomene ( Gr. i. cantans ) one of the Muses , who first made Tragedies . Membrane ( membrana ) the upmost thin skin in any part of the body , whereof there are many and of several appellations . As the Pleuretique membrane , which is large and two-fold , through whose doubles pass all the Sinews , Veins , and Arteries , which are between the ribs ; the inside whereof ( as also the brest or bulk ) it wholly covers . Also a skin of parchment , or the pill or pilling between the bark and tree . Membranatick ( membranaticus ) of or pertaining to a membrane . Membrature ( membratura ) a setting or ordering of members or parts . Memorandum ( Lat. ) a common word ; signifying a note or token of what we would have remembred ; the word importing as much . Memorial ( memoriale ) that which puts one in mind of , a Remembrancer , a Record , or book of remembrance . Memorious ( memoriosus ) that hath a good memory . Memphians Memphists Egyptians so called from the City Memphis in Egypt . Mendaciloquent ( mendaciloquus ) that tells lyes or untruths , false speaking . Mendicant ( from mendico ) a Begger , also begging . Mendicity ( mendicitas ) beggery , poverty , the state of a beggar . Menial servant ( from moe●ia , walls ) a servant that lives within the walls of his Masters dwelling house , a domestick servant . Perhaps from the old English word Men● , which signifies family , and so t is one of of the family . Menings ( meninx ) two thin skins that compass or enwrap the brain , the one called dura mater , the stronger of the two , and next the scul ; the other pia mater , which is within the first , being more tender and fine , and close wrapping the brain it self ; if either of these skins be wonded it causeth speedy death . Menologe ( menologium ) properly a speaking of months : The Greek Menologe ( a book so called ) is their Martyrologe , or a Collection of the Saints days of every moneth in their Church . Mensal ( mensalis ) of or belonging to a Table . Mension ( mensio ) a measuring . Menstrual ( menstrualis ) belonging to , or during a moneth . Menstruosity ( menstruositas ) the monthly flux of women , an abundance thereof . Menstruant Menstruous ( menstruosus ) that abounds with such monthly flowers , or which belongs thereto . Mensurate ( mensuro ) to mete or measure . Mental ( from mens ) that which is onely thought in the mind . Mental Prayer . See Vocal . Mentition ( mentitio ) a lying , forging or telling untruths . Mephitick ( mephiticus ) stinking , dampish , as the stink , or ill savour of the earth . Meracity ( meracitas ) clearness , or pureness , without mixture . Mercable ( mercabilis ) that may be bought . Mercative ( mercativus ) belonging to Chapmanry . Mercature ( mercatura ) the Trade of Merchandise . Mercedary ( mercedarius ) is used both for him that gives wages for labor , or for him that receives it . Merchenlage , was one of the three sorts of Laws out of which the Conqueror framed ours , mingled with those of Normandy . Cam. Brit. p. 94. who also p. 103 , shews , that in An. 1016. this land was divided into three parts , whereof the West Saxons had one , governing it by the Laws called West Saxon Laws , or West-Saxonlaeg , and that contained these nine Shires , Kent , Southsex , Southrey , Barkshire , Hampshire , Wiltshire , Sommerset , Dorset , and Devonshire . The second by the Danes , which was governed by the Law called Danelaeg , and that contained these fifteen Shires , Tork , Darby , Nottingham , Leicester , Lincoln , Northampton , Bedford , Bucks , Hartford , Essex , Middlesex , Northfolk , Southfolk , Cambridge , and Huntington . The third was possessed and governed by the Mercians , whose Law was called Merchanlaeg , which were these eight , Glocester , Worcester , Hereford , Warwick , Oxford , Chester , Salop , and Stafford . Mercury ( mercurius ) the Son of Jupiter and Maia ; he was the messenger of the gods , the god of Eloquence , Merchandize , Chivalry , and Thievery ; also author of the Harp , and guider of the way ; he was said to have wings on his arms and feet . It is commonly used for a swift messenger , or for a book of news , because such books are ( as it were ) the messengers of the newes . Mercury with the Alchymists is Quicksilver . Also one of the seven Planets . See Saturn . Mercury-women . See Hawkers . Mercurial ( mercurialis ) of Mercury , born under the Planet Mercury ; hence humorous or fantastical ; Also prating , talkative ; subtil or decitful . Mercurialize , to be humorous or fantastical , to be light-footed ; to prattle or babble ; Also to be eloquent , as Mercury was . Merdiferous ( merdifer ) that farmeth dung , a Gold-finder . Mere ( Fr. mer , Lat. mare ) the Sea ; But in a restrained sence , it signifies a standing water that cannot be drawn dry ; therein differing from a Pond . Of these there are several in Shropshire , of above a mile in compass , and are the same which in Ireland they call Leaughs . Meretricious ( meretricius ) whorish , pertaining to whoredom . Meridian ( circulus meridianus ) is an immovable , and one of the greater circles passing through the Poles of the world ; it is called the Meridian of Merides , noon-tide , because when the Sun , rising from the East , toucheth this Line with the center of his body , then it is noon to those over whose Zenith that circle passeth , and midnight to their Antipodes . The number of Meridians , are 180 ( allowing two to every degree in the Equinoctial ) which all intersect in either Pole , and are the utmost bounds of longitude . Peacham . Meridian Meridional ( meridianus ) of , or belonging to midday , or to the South . Meritot , a sport used by children by swinging themselves in Bel-ropes , or such like till they be giddy ; In Latin it is called Oscillum , and is thus described by an old Writer , Oscillum est genus ludi , scilicet cum funis dependitur de trabe , in quo pueri & puellae sedentes impelluntur huc & illuc . Chauc . Mermaid ( from the Fr. Mer , the Sea ) or Maremaid ( from mare , the Sea ) Seamaid , or Siren , whereof the Poets had three , Parthenope , Leucosia and Ligaea ; the first used her voyce , the second a Citern , the third a Pipe ; and so are said to entice Mariners and Seamen to them , by the sweetness of their musick , and then to destroy them . The upper part of their bodies , was like a beautiful Virgin , the neather was fishy . By these Sirens , pleasures are emblematically understood , from which unless a man abstain , or at least use moderately , he shall be devoured in their waves . See Neriad and Sirens . Mersion ( mersio ) a drowning or overwhelming . Mese ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. medium ) a Mese of Herrings is Five hundred , or the half of a thousand , used in the north of England . Also the middle string , or mean of a musical instrument . Mesentery ( mesenterium ) the middle of the bowels and entrals , a certain thick and fat skin ; or the double skin that fastens the bowels to the back , and each to other , and also wraps and encloses a number of veins ( called Meseraick or Mesenterick Veins ) being branches of the great carrying vein , by which both the guts are nourished , and the juyce of the meat concocted , is conveyed to the Liver to be made blood . Mesenterick Arteries or Veins . See in Artery and Vein . Mesn ( medius ) seems to come from the Fr. maisné . i. minor natu , younger by birth . It signifies in our Common Law , him that is Lord of a Mannor , and thereby hath Tenants holding of him , yet holding himself of a superior Lord. Mesnagerie ( Fr. ) husbandry , Huswisry , and the use or practice thereof . Mesnalty , ( medietas ) comes of Mesn , and signifies nothing but the right of the Mesn ; As the Mesnalty is extinct . Old nat . br . fo . 44. if the Mesnalty descend . Kitch . fol. 147. Messalians or Massilians ( Messalini ) a sort of Hereticks , who ( among other gross absurdities ) held the B Sacrament of the Eucharist and Baptism did neither good nor harm to the Receivers . And that Prayer alone was sufficient to salvation , &c. which Heresie was impugned by St. Augustine and Epiphanius . Messias ( Hebr. Mashiahh ) signifies as much as Christ in Gr. i. Anointed . Our Saviour is often so called ; because he was anointed with the oyl of gladness for those that believe in him . St. Augustin says , Messias signifies in the Punick Language , as much as Anointed . Messile or Missil ( from misseo , to mingle ) a kind of bearing , so called in Blazon , because of the intermixture of one colour with another . Messor ( Lat. ) a Reaper or Mower . Messorious ( messorius ) belonging to reaping . Mestier ( Fr. ) a Trade , Occupation or Mystery ; also need or necessity . Mestifical ( moestificus ) that makes heavy or sad . Met● , is a Greek Preposition , which being set before several Cases , has several significations . Scapula . Metacism ( metacismus ) a fault in pronouncing . Metachronism ( Gr. ) an error in the connexion of things or times , by reckoning or accounting short or beyond the truth . Greg. Metaleptick ( metalepticus ) that hath the power of participating , or pertains to the figure Metalepsis ; whereby a word is put from his proper or common signification . Metalliferous ( metallifer ) that brings forth mettals . Metalline or Metallick ( metallicus ) pertaining to metals . Metamorphosis ( Gr. ) a transformation , a changing of one likeness into another , or of one shape and figure into another . Hence To Metamorphize , to transform , or change shape . Metaphor ( metaphora , i. translatio ) is the friendly and neighborly borrowing one word to express another , with more light and better note ; or when a word is changed from his own signification into some other near unto it ; as laetas segetes , luxuriantia prata , &c. Swords hungry of blood ; Heads disinherited of their natural Seigniories , &c. This , of all other figures , is the most used and useful . Metaphorical ( metaphoricus ) spoken by Metaphor . Metaphysicks ( metaphysica , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , post vel trans , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : quasi trans-physica , quod rerum physicarum cognitionem transcendunt ) a Science which lifting it self above the changeable nature of things , considers of such as subsist in their own essence , not subject to any alteration , dealing onely with Universals , abstracting from Individuals ; School Divinity is the highest part of it , consisting chiefly in contemplative knowledge of God , Angels , souls of men , &c. Physick ( says my Lord Bacon ) is that which enquires of the efficient cause , and of the matter ; Metaphysick , that which enquires of the form and end . Advanc . of Learn . fol. 143. Metaplasm ( metaplasmus , i. transformatio ) a figure in Rhetorique , when by reason of the verse , &c , some thing is necessarily changed . Metathesis ( Gr. i. transpositio ) when one letter is put for another . Metempsychosis ( Gr. ) a passing of the soul from one body to another ; Pythagoras his error . Hence Metempsychosed , that so passeth , or is passed . Me●a●or ( Lat. ) a planter or setter in order , a mesaurer out of the place for a Camp to pitch in , a measurer of Land. Meteor ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. sublimis ) an apparition , or any imperfect mixt substance ingendred on high , in the air ; as Rain , Snow , Thunder , Hail , Lightning , Blazing-Stars , Clouds and Wind ; all which are made of vapors or exhalations drawn up from the Earth and Sea , by the attractive vertues of the Sun. Vide Aristot . Meteorolog . Meteorology ( Gr. ) a discoursing of Meteors or sublime things . Meteorologist ( meteorologus ) one that studies or speaks of high matters , as of Meteors , Stars , and other celestial things . Metheglin ( Br. Meddiglin ) a kind of drink in Wales made of Wort , Herbs , Spice , and honey sodden together . Methodist , one that puts things into a method or ready way , or one that treats or writes of methods , a good disposer of things into their proper places : The Galenists are usually so called , Bac. Methodical ( methodicus ) pertaining to a method , or a ready way to teach or do any thing . Methridate . See Mithridate . Methuselah ( Hebr. ) the name of the oldest man before the flood , who lived 969 years . Hence t is used proverbially , to live the years of Methuselah , for a very old age . Meticulosity ( meticulositas ) fearfulness , timerousness . Meticulous ( meticulosus ) fearful , timerous . Metient ( metiens ) measuring , esteeming . Metonymie ( Gr. transnominatio ) a putting one name for another ; a figure , when the cause is put for the effect , the subject for the adjunct , or contrarily . Metonymical ( metonymicus ) pertaining to that figure . Metopes ( metopae ) a term in Architecture , and signifies the distance or space between Dentieles and Triglyphes , which is either left plain , or garnished with Lances , Bones , Bull-heads , Binding-bands and Labels . Vitruvius . Metopomancie ( Gr. ) a divination by the face , or forehead . Metoposcopy ( Gr. ) the Art of telling mens natures and inclinations by looking on their faces . Metrical ( metricus ) pertaining to a meeter or verse . Metropolis ( Gr. ) the chief , head , or Mother City or Town . Metropolitan ( metropolitanus ) an Archbishop , so called because his Sea is in the Mother City of the Province . Of these we had two in England , viz. the Archbishop of Canterbury , and York . The stile of the first was ( by the Popes decision ) Metropolitanus & Primas totius Angliae ; of the later , Metropolitanus & Primas Angliae . F●llers Church hist . lib. 3. p. 39. Miasm ( Gr. ) a defiling or pollution ; a flagitious act , a sin . Dr. Charl. To Miche ( from the Fr. Musér , i. otiari , cessare ) secretly to hide or absent ones self as Truants do from School . Mickle or Miccle ( Sax. Micel , Scot. Meikil , Hebr. Michlol , Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) much . Microcosmus ( Gr. ) properly signifies a little world . This word is sometimes applied to man , who is therefore called a Microcosmus , or little world , as being a Compendium of all other creatures , his body being compared to the baser part of the world , and his soul to the blessed Angels . Microcosmical , pertaining to a little world or to man. Micrologie ( micrologia ) curiosity about things of no value ; a speaking or treating of potty affairs . Midas , a rich King of Phrygia , who desired of Bacchus that whatever he touched might be turned into gold , &c. Hence Midas is used proverbially for a rich , covetous man. M●d●iff ( diaphragma ) a sinewy skin passing over thwart in mans body , which divides the Heart and Lungs from the Stomack , Guts and Liver , lest the vital parts should be offended with any ill vapor coming from them . See Diaphragm . Migrame . See Megrime . Migration ( migratio ) a flitting or removing by travel . Mile ( milliare ) is with us a quantity of 1760 yards , otherwise described to contain eight Furlongs , and every Furlong forty Lugs or Poles , and every Lug or Pole to contain sixteen foot and a half . An. 35. Eliz. 6. See League and Furlong . Militant ( militans ) going to war , fighting . Church Militant , is the Church here on earth , subject to trials , combats and temptations . Militia ( Lat. ) Warfare , or all implements of war. Millenarians , a sort of Hereticks . See Chiliasts . Mimical ( mimicus ) belonging to wanton tricks , scoffing , apish . Mimick , a wanton Jester , a counterfeit fool , that imitates the gests and countenances of others ; a fool in a Play ; also certain Poems or Plays more lascivious then Comedies . Mimographer ( mimographus ) a writer of wanton matters . Minacity ( minacitas ) threatning by words or signs , menacing . Minature ( from minator , he that treatneth ) threatning . Mine . See Meen . Mineral ( minera ) any thing that grows in Mines , and contains mettal . Mineralist , one that is well skilled in Minerals . Minerva , the Goddess of Wisdom , and of all the Arts ; the President of Learning . Minerval ( Lat. ) a reward given to Masters for teaching ; and properly a Banquet or Supper before a vacation . Miniature ( from minium , i. read lead ) the art of drawing Pictures in little ; being commonly done with red lead . Minime ( Fr. ) a slow time in Musick . Minims , religious persons . See Bonhomes . Miniographer ( miniographus ) he that paints or writes with Vermillion , or any red colour . Minion ( Fr. Mignon ) a Darling , the best beloved , a Favorite ; also a piece of Ordnance so called . Minious ( minius ) red , of the colour of Vermillion . Ministery ( ministerium ) service , labor , the charge of a work , commonly taken for that of the Church . Miniver or Meniver , a fine white Fur made of the bellies of Squirrils : some say it is the skin of a little white Vermine , breeding in Muscovia . Minnyng days ( from the Sax. Gemynde , i. the mind , q. Mynding days ) Bede hist . lib. 4. ca 30. Commemorationis dies ; days which our Ancestors called their Moneths minde , their Years mind , and the like , being the days whereon their Souls ( after their deaths ) were had in special remembrance , and some Office or Obsequies said for them ; as Obits , Dirges , &c. This word is still retained in Lancashire ; but elsewhere more commonly called Anniversary days . Minor ( Lat. ) the lesser , younger or smaller . The minor or assumption of a Syllogism . See Syllogism . Minoration ( minoratio ) a making less or diminishing . Minorative ( minorativus ) that which diminisheth , or is apt to make less . Minorites . See Bonhomes . Minority ( minoritas ) nonage , underage . Minors . See Friar . Minos , a King of Creet , who for his great justice is feigned to have been made a Judge in hell , &c. Hence , as just as Minos , proverbially . Minotaur ( Minotaurus ) a Poetical monster , half like a Man , half like a Bull , was kept in the Labyrinth of Candy , and fed with mans flesh , where at last he was slain by Thesus , through the help of Ariadne . This Fable was built upon this foundation ; that one Taurus , a Servant of Minos got his Mistris Pasiphae with child , from whence the Infant was named Minotaurus . Minster ( Sax. ) a Monastery ; Hence the Minster-Church , so called , because it formerly belonged to some Monastery . Minute ( minutus adj . ) diminished , small or little , mean , or simple . Minution ( minutio ) a diminishing or making less . Mirabilary ( from mirum ) may be taken for a book of wonders ; as vocabulary , a book of words . Bac. Miradical ( miradicus ) that speaks strange things . Mirifical ( mirificus ) marvellous , wonderfully done , strangely wrought . Mirmillon ( mirmillo , onis ) a challenger at fighting with swords ; one sort of Gladiatores , called also Galli , upon whose crests was portraited a fish . Perottus . Mis , is a Particle in composition , which for the most part signifies to err , or do ill : As to mis-interpret , to err in interpreting . Misanthropie ( misanthropia ) an hating of men . Misanthropist ( misanthropos ) he that hates the company of men . Miscellanies ( miscellanea ) a hotch pot of sundry collections , without any form or method ; a mixture of things together , without order . Miscellaneous ( miscellaneus ) mixed together without order . Miscreant ( q. mis-croyant ) a mis-beleever , an Infidel . Miser●ick Vein . See Vein . Miserer , i. have mercy ; It is the name and beginning of one of the Penitential Psalms ; and is commonly that Psalm , which the Judge gives to such guilty persons as have the benefit of the Clergy allowed by the Law , and is caled the Psalm of Mercy . There is also a disease called Miserere mei , which is a voiding of the Excrements upwards , coming of the obstruction of the small guts , and is very painful , the patient imagining that his guts are pulled out and broken . Misi●enn●g , is a changing of speech in Court ; Saxon in the description of England , cap. 11. But Stow defines it thus , Est quietum esse de amerciamento pro querela , coram quibuscunque , in transumptione prolata . Survey fol. 919. Misogamie ( misogamia ) hating of mariage . Misogynie ( misogynia ) the hate or contempt of women . Misogyuist ( Gr. ) a hater of women . Fuller . Misprision ( from the Fr. Mespris , i. contempt , despising ) signifies in our Law , negligence or over-sight . As for example Misprision of Treason or Felony , is a neglect or light account shewed of Treason or Felony committed , by not revealing it , when we know it to be committed . Stawnf . Pl. Cor. lib. 1. ca. 19. Misprision of Treason incurs imprisonment during the Kings pleasure , loss of goods and profits of lands during life . Misprision of Felony , seems onely finable by the Justices , before whom the party is attainted . Misprision signifies also a mistaking . 14. Ed. 3. Stat. 1. c. 6. Missal ( missale ) the Mass-book . Misseiden Messeito , or Me cidine , ( from the Belg. Mistei ) a plant having slender branches and green thick leaves , and never grows upon the ground , but upon other trees ; the best is that which grows on the Oak ; its leaves and fruit are good to soften and ripen any cold hard swellings . Of the berry of this vegetable , Birdlime is made . But that the Thrush eating these berries , and not able to digest them , and so from her inconverted muting this plant should arise ( as the Antients afirmed ) is doubted by Dr. Brown , fo . 98. From this conceit ( that the Thrush did cack Misselto , which made Birdlime the bane of the bird ) arose that old proverb , Turdus sibi malum cacat . Appliable to such as are authors of their own misfortune . Missil ( missile ) a dart , stone , arrow , or other thing thrown or shot ; a term of Heraldry . Missionatics , persons sent ; commonly spoken of Priests , sent to unbelieving Countries to convert the people to Christian Faith. Also a particular institute in France , called the Fathers of the Mission ; who go by pairs , in imitation of the Apostles , preach and catechize , and perform other pastoral Offices , in assistance of the Clergy , and with obedience to the Bishop . Mission ( missio ) a sending away , licence or leave to depart . Mission ( in the Roman Catholick sence ) is a giving Orders , Jurisdiction and power to preach that Doctrine , which is taught by the Catholick Church , and to administer the Sacraments . Missive ( missus ) a cast or hurle , a sending , or that which witnesseth ones being sent ; It is also used adjectively . Mithridate or Methridate ( mithridatum ) a strong Treacle or preservative against poison , devised at first by the Pontian King Mithridates , from whom it took name . Mitifle ( mitifico ) to pacifie , or make quiet . Mitral ( from mitra ) pertaining to a Mitre . Mi●tim●s ( i. we send ) is a warrant made to send an offender to prison . Also a precept sent by the King out of his Bench , to those that have the custody of Fines levied , that they send them by a day assigned by his Bench. West . par . 2. Symb. tit . Fines sect . 138. F. and 154. B. See also the Tables of the Regist . Orig. Mixolidian , lamentable , and pittiful , meet for Tragedies . Plutarch . Mize , is a certain Tribute or Fine of 3000 Marks , which the Inhabitants of the County Palatine of Chester paid at the change of every owner of the said Earldom , for the enjoying of their Liberties . Vale Royal fo . 15. Mizmor ( Span. mazmorra ) a Dungeon . Mnemosyne ( Gr. i. memoria ) the Mother of the Muses . Mobb● , a certain drink , used among the English in the Barbado's and is made of Potato roots . Mobility ( mobilitas ) moveableness , changeableness , inconstancy . Mob●e●r , a School term , and signifies the manner or qualification of a thing in abstracto . Modder ( from the Belg. Modde , i. puella , ) a Wench or young Girle . Moderator ( Lat. ) a discreet Governor or Ruler ; he that keeps both parties from running into extreams . Modiation ( modiatio ) a measuring by the Bushel ; Also a measuring of liquid things . Modicum ( Lat. ) a little thing , a small pittance . Modify ( modifico ) to measure , moderate , qualifie or limit . Modifiable , qualifiable . Modification ( modificatio ) a qualification , measuring , or limitation . Modulation ( modulatio ) a pleasant tuning , a singing or playing by number or measure . Moguntine , belonging to Moguntia or Mentz a City in Germany , where Printing was first invented by John Gutenburg . An. 1440. Mohatra ( Span. ) a taking up money upon usury . Moiles ( mullei ) a kind of shooes with a high soal , used in antient times by Kings and great persons . Moile is also used by Chaucer , for a dish made of Marrow and grated bread . Moiety ( Fr. moitié ) the half of any thing . Molar teeth ( dentes molares ) the back teeth , cheek teeth , or grinders , which are five of each side the mouth , both above and beneath . Molendarious or Molendinarious ( molendarius ) of or pertaining to a Mill. Moliminous ( from molimen , inis ) that hath force , or useth endeavour to do any thing ; difficult . Molinists , followers of Molina , a learned Jesuite of Spain , who read Divinity at Conimbra , and especially maintained , that God did not pre-move the Will in free acts , and are the great opposers of the Jansenists . Molition ( molitio ) an endeavor , practice , attempt , or undertaking . Mollificative ( mollificativus ) that mollifies or makes soft , tender or supple . Mollitude ( mollitudo ) softness , niceness , tenderness , effeminateness , wantonness . Moloch or Molech ( Heb. ) a King or Prince . It was the name of an Idol , in the Valley of Gehinnom or Tophet , to which the Israelites abominably offered their children in sacrifice of fire . This Idol was represented by a man-like brazen body , bearing the head of a Calf . See more in Sir Wal. Ral. l. 2. fol. 294. and in Moses and Aaron , p 143. Molochite ( molochites ) a precious stone , having a thick greenishness in colour , like Mallows . Moly , a kind of hearb , whose root to dig up , the Antients supposed to be hazardous to the life of the digger ; Hence that of Homer , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , The Gods it Moly call , whose root to dig away Is dangerous to man , but Gods they all things may . Momus , the carping god , or god of reprehension ; And is taken for any one that backbites others . Hence the proverb , Momo satisfacere ; to content one whom no man can please . Monas ( Gr. ) the number one , unity . Monial or Monachal ( monachalis ) belonging to a Monk , or one that lives alone , solitary . Monachism , the state or condition of a Monk , or of a lonely person . Monarchy ( Monarchia ) is where a Prince rules alone without a Peer ; or it is the government of one man over many . Monasterial ( monasterialis ) belonging to a Monastery or Monk. Mond , or Ball of gold , is one of the Ensigns belonging to an Emperor , because he challenges the title of Majesty over the whole world . Monks ( from the Greek monos , because they live alone or solitary ) a sort of religious people , whereof there are divers kinds , as those of St. Benedict , St. Bazil , St. Hierome , &c. Moneths ( Sax. monaths ) however taken are not exactly divisible into Septuaries or weeks , which fully contain seven dayes , whereof four times make compleatly twenty eight ; For besides the usual or Calendary Moneth , there are but four considerable , that is the Moneth of Peragration or Apparition , of Consecution , and the Medical or Decreto●ial moneth ; whereof some come short , others exceed this account . A Moneth of Peragration , is the time of the Moons revolution from any part of the Zodiack , unto the same again , and this contains but twenty seven days , and about eight hours . The Moneth of Consecution or ( as some term it ) of Progression , is the space between one conjunction of the Moon with the Sun , unto another ; and this contains twenty nine days and a half . A Moneth of Apparition is the space wherein the Moon appears ( deducting three days , wherein it commonly disappears ; and being in combustion with the Sun , is presumed of less activity ) and this contains but twenty six days , and twelve hours . The Medical Moneth , not much exceeds this , consisting of twenty six days , and twenty two hours , &c. See more in Dr. Br. Vul. Err. fo . 212. Monger or Manger ( Sax. ) was our antient name for a Merchant ; it is now onely used as an addition to divers Merchantable Trades , as Iron-monger , Fish-monger , Wood-monger , and the like . Monition ( monitio ) a warning or admonition . Montior ( Lat. ) an admonisher , warner , or Councellor . Monos ( Gr. ) alone . Hence Monochord ( Gr. ) that hath but one string . Monocular Monosculous ( from monos and oculus ) that hath but one eye , one eyed . Monodie ( monodia ) a lamentable or funeral song , where one sings alone . Monodical , pertaining to such a song . Monogamie ( monogamia ) a marrying of one onely wife all the life time . Monogdoon ( Gr. ) an eighth , or one out of eight . Fuller . Monogram ( Gr. ) a letter that stands alone ; a picture drawn with one line , a sentence in one line , or an Epigram in one verse . As Pauper videri Cinna vult , & est pauper . Mart. Monologie ( monologia ) singing always one tune , speaking still of one matter ; a long tale of one thing . Monomachie ( monomachia ) a combate or fighting of two hand to hand . Monophagie ( monophagia ) a meal made of , or a living always with one kind of meat . Monopoly ( monopolium ) is when a man ingrosses or gets Commodities into his hands , in such fashion that none can sell them , or gain by them but himself . Monopolist ( monopola ) he that doth so ingross Commodities , or he that hath the grant of a Monopoly . Monops ( Gr. ) a kind of beast in Peonia ( by some called a Bonasus ) as big as a Bull , being narrowly pursued , it voideth a kind of sharp Ordure , deadly to such as it lights upon . Monoptick ( monopticus ) that sees onely with one eye . Monoptote ( monoptotum ) a word having but one Case . Monostick ( monostichon ) which consists of one onely verse . Monasyllable ( monosyllabus ) that hath but one syllable . Monothelites ( monothelitae ) certain Hereticks that lived in the year of Christ 640 , and were within five years after condemned by a Council ; They held there was but one will in Christ , &c. Monstrable ( monstrabilis ) that may be shewn or declared . Monstrosity ( monstrositas ) which is done against the course of nature , monstrousness . Montanists , a sort of Hereticks , so called from Montanus their first Author , they held the Holy Ghost was not given to the Apostles , but onely to them , &c. Montanous ( montanus ) belonging to the Mountains . Monteflasce , a kind of delicious wine , so called from Montefiascone , a City in Italy where it is made . Montera ( Span. ) a hunters or Sea-man Cap , which was ( not long since ) much in request with us , Monticulous ( monticulosus ) full of hills or mountains . Montivagant ( montivagus ) that wandreth on the mountains . To Moor or More a ship ( from moror , to stay ) is to lay out her Anchors , as is most fit for the ship to ride by in that place where she is , and of this there are several ways among Seamen ; but a ship cannot properly be said to be Moored , with less then two Anchors a ground . Moot , a term used in the Inns of Court , and signifies the handling or arguing a Case for exercise ; As in the Universities there are Disputations , Problems , Sophisms , and such like Acts ; It seems to be derived from the French word ( Mot ) i. verbum . Quasi , verba facere , aut Sermonem de aliqua re habere . Mootmen , are those Students that argue Readers cases in houses of Chancery both in Terms and grand Vacations ; Of Mootmen after some years study are chosen Outward Baristers ; of which degree after they have been Twelve years , they are commonly chosen Benchers , or Antients , of which one of the younger sort , reads yearly in Summer Vacation , and is called a single Reader ; and one of the Ancients that have formerly read , reads in Lent Vacation , and is called a double Reader , and it is usual between his first and second Reading nine or ten years ; some of these Readers are afterwards called ad statum & gradum Servientis ad legem , and of Sergeants are constituted the honorable Judges and Sages of the Law. For the entrance of the young Student ( who commonly comes from one of the the Universities ) were first instituted and erected eight Houses of Chancery , to learn there the Elements of the Law ; ( viz. ) Cliffords-Inn , Lions-Inn , Clements-Inn , Bernards-Inn , Staple-Inn , Furnivals-Inn , Davies-Inn , and New Inn ; And each of these Houses consist of forty persons or more . For the Readers , Utter-Baristers , Mootmen , and inferior Students , there are four famous and renowned Colledges or Inns of Court ; called . 1. The Inner Temple , to which the first three Houses of Chancery appertain ; Grayes-Inn , to which the next two belong ; Lincolns-Inn , which enjoys the last two saving one ; and the Middle Temple , which hath onely the last . Each of these Houses of Court consist of Benchers above twenty , of Vtter Baristers above thrice so many , of Young Gentlemen about the number of 160 or 180 , who there spend their time in study of Law , and commendable Exercises . The Judges of the Law and Sergeants , being commonly above the number of twenty , are equally distributed into two higher and more eminent Houses called Sergeants Inns. All these are not far distant one from another , and all together make the most famous University for profession of Law onely , or of any one human Science in the world , and advanceth it self above all others , Quantum inter viburna cupressus . Lo. Coke . Mopsical ( mopsicus ) that cannot see well ; Hence perhaps comes our phrase mop-ey'd . Moral ( moralis ) of or belonging to manners or civility . The four Moral or Cardinal Vertues are , 1. Prudence , 2. Justice . 3. Temperance . 4. Fortitude ; and are so called , because they concern the manners or behaviour belonging properly to the actions of man , onely as he is man. Moralize ( moralizo ) to expound morally , to give a moral sence unto . As in the Fables of Aesop , the parties named are Foxes , Asses , and such like Beasts ; with Birds and Fishes , yet there is a latent moral sence therein , appliable to the persons of men and women , and which may serve for rules of good manners , and this is called the moral or morality of the Fable . Moration ( moratio ) a staying or tarrying . Morbidezza ( Ital. ) tenderness , softness . Sir H. Wotton . Morbifical ( morbificus ) that causeth disease or sickness . Morbulent ( morbulentus ) full of diseases ; sickly . Morbus Galicus , otherwise called Morbus Indicus , Neopolitanus , Hispanicus ( in Lat. Lues Venerea ) the French Pox or the great Pox. In the City of Naples about the year 1494. This disease was first known in Christendom , and is said to be brought thither out of America . See American disease . The French report , that at the siege of Naples , certain wicked Merchants barrel'd up the flesh of some men that had been lately slain in Barbary , and sold it for Mummy , and upon that foul and high nourishment , was the original of this disease . Lo Bac. nat . hist . Mordacity Mordancie ( mordacitas ) biting ; sharpness of speech , detraction , bitted tearms . Mordicate ( mordico ) to hurt with biting . Mordicative ( mordicativus ) biting or stinging . Moresk work ( Fr. Moresque ) a rude or Antick painting or carving , wherin the feet and tails of beasts , &c. are intermingled with , or made to resemble a kind of wilde leaves , &c. Cotgr. Morglay ( mot-glaive ) a killing or mortal sword ; Glaive in old French signifying a sword . Cleiv . Poems . Morigerous ( morigerus ) obedient , dutiful , doing as he did . Morling alias Mortling seems to be that wooll which is taken from the skin of dead sheep , whether dying of the rot or being killed . En. 27. Hen. 6. ca. 2. This is written Morkein . An. 3. Jac. cap. 8. See Morkein . Morion ( from the Ital. Morione ) a Head-piece or Cap of steel . Morisco ( Span. ) a Moor ; also a Dance so called , wherein there were usually five men , and a Boy dressed in a Girles habit , whom they call the Maid Marrion , or perhaps Morian , from the Ital. Morione a Head-piece , because her head was wont to be gaily trimmed up . Common people cal it a Morris-Dance . Morkein or Morkin ( from mors , death ) among Huntsmen is a Deer that dies by some disease or mischance . See Morling . Morology ( morologia ) a foolish speaking . Moromantie ( Gr. ) foolish divination . Morosity ( morositas ) frowardness , waywardness , peevishness , aversness to please . Moraus ( morosus ) wayward , froward , pensive , teasty , hard to please . Morphew ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. forma ) certain whitish spots in the bodies of some persons , so called . Morpheus ( somni minister ) sleep or the God thereof . Morta , one of the destines . Mortal sin , See Venial . Mortgage ( Fr. mort . i. mors , and gage , i. pignus , merces ) signifies in our Common Law , a pawn of Land or Tenement , or any thing movable laid or bound for money borrowed , peremptorily to be the Creditors for ever , if the mony be not repaid at the day agreed on ; And the Creditor holding such Land or Tenement is called Tenant in Mortgage . Mortiferous ( mortifer ) deadly that brings death . Mortification ( mortificatio ) a mortifying , a queling , taming or punishing the flesh , a deading the appetite , a killing of lust . Mortmain ( Fr. i. a dead hand ) signifies in Law , an alienation of Lands or Tenements to any Corporation , Guild , or Fraternity and their Successors ; As Bishops , Parsons , Vicars , &c. which may not be done without license of the King , and the Lord of the Mannor , &c. See more of this in Cowel . Mortress , a meat made of boyled Hens , crums of bread , yolkes of eggs , and Saffron , all boyled together . Chauc . Mortuary ( mortuarium ) is a gift left by a man at his death to his Parish Church , in recompence of his personal Tithes and Offerings not duely paid in his life time . Heretofore , if a man had three or more Cattel of any kind , the best being kept for the Lord of the Fee , as a Herriot ; The second was wont to be given to the Parson in Right of the Church . But by the Statute of 21 H. 8. ca. 6. a rate in money is set down for Mortuaries , viz. three shillings four pence , where the goods of the deceased are above the value of twenty Nobles , and under thirty pound ; six shillings eight pence , where the goods exceed thirty pound and under forty pound ; and ten shillings , where the goods amount above the value of forty pound . &c. These Mortuaries are due but in some particular places , and were also called Corse or Corps-presents . Mosaique or Musaical work ( Mosaicum , musaeacum vel Musivum opus ) is a most curious work wrought with stones of divers colours , and divers mettles , into the shape of knots , flowers , and other devices , with that excellency of cunning , that they seem all to be one stone , and rather the work of Nature then Art. Sir Henry . Wotton describes it thus , Mosaique is a kind of painting in smal Pebbles , Cockles , and shels of sundry colours ; and of late dayes , likewise with peeces of glass , figured at pleasure ; An ornament , in truth , of much beauty , and long life , but of most use in Pavements and floarings . El. of Archit . p. 261. St. Marks Church in Venice , abounds with curiosity of this Work , of which the Venetians vaunt themselves to be the Authors . See Marquetry . Mosaical of or pertaining to Moses : or to Mosaick work . Mosche or Mosque , a Temple or Church among the Turks and Saracens , the Persians call it a Moschea . Motable ( motabilis alwayes moving , still in motion . Motacism ( motacismus ) the dashing out a letter . Mother , a disease in women , when the womb riseth with pain , for which the smelling to all sweet savors is harmful ; as contrarily , to all strong and loathsom , good . Mot ( Fr. ) Motto ( Ital. ) a word ; But in a restrained sence it is properly taken for the Word or short sentence applied to an Imprése or Devise . See Devise . There are also Motto's belonging to the Coats of Arms of most of the Nobility and Gentry , which are seldom in the English tongue . Mot , is also a Note , which a Huntsman winds on his horn . Motet ( Fr. ) a verse in Musick , or of a Song , a P●sie , a short-lay . Mountain of Piety ( mons pietatis ) is a stock of money raised by the charity of good people , who , observing the poor ruined by the usury of Jews , voluntarily contributed good store of treasure to be preserved and lent to them , whereby they , upon security , might have money at a low rate to relieve ▪ their wants ; which , because the mass is great and the thing pious and charitable in it self , is called a Mountain of Piety ; But in respect the Officers and incident charges cannot be had without some emolument , therefore the borrower payes somewhat by the moneth for the loan of that he receives . Cajet . opusc . de monte Pietat . c. 1. Mountebank ( Ital. Montimbanco . Span. Saltaenbanco . Fr. Charlatan . Tent. Landstreicher . Belg. Quaksalvar . ) a cousening Drug-seller , a base deceitful Merchant ( especially of Apothecaries Drugs ) that , with impudent Lying , does , for the most part , sell counterfeit stuff to the common people . Mucc●l●ginous comes from the Latin muccago , or muccus , or mucus snot or snivil ) snivilish , snotty , filthy , and thence flegmy , and the like . Dr. Br. Mucculent or Muculent , ( muculentus ) full of snot or snivel . Mucid ( mucidus ) sinued , ho●ry , mouldy , filthy . Mucor ( Lat. ) hoariness , filthiness . Mue ( from the Fr. Muer , to change ) a kind of Cage , where Hawks are wintered or kept when they mue or change their feathers ; whence those great Stables belonging to Whitehall took denomination , that place having been antiently full of Mues where the Kings Hawks were kept . Mufti ( i. an Oracle , or answerer of doubts ) a chief Priest among the Turks ( who is created by the Emperor ) and hath four several orders or Sects subordinate to him ( viz. ) 1. The Calenderim . 2. The Haggiemlar . 3. The Torlocchi . 4. The Dervislar , &c. See Sir Hen. Blounts Voyage into the Levant , p. 79. See Brachman . Mugient ( mugiens ) lowing , bellowing , crying . Mulato ( Span. ) the son of a woman Blackmore , and a man of another Nation , or è contra ; one that is of a mongril complexion . Dr. Br. Mulcible ( mulcibilis ) which may be appeased . Mulct ( mulcta ) a fine , an amerciament , a punishing by the purse . Muleto , a Moil or great Mule , a beast much used in France for carrying Sumpters , &c. It may also be taken for a diminutive of ( Mule ) and so signifies a little Mule. Muliebrity ( muliebritas ) tenderness , delicateness , womanliness . Mulier ( Lat. ) signifies a woman that has had the company of a man ; but in our Law it signifies one that is lawfully begotten and born ; contradistinguished to Bastard . Mulierosity ( mulierositas ) unlawful lust after women , properly married or defiled women . Mullar ( from the Lat. molo , to grind ) is the upper stone which Painters and Limners use to grind their colours ; the neather stone is called the grinding stone . The French call it a Moulleur . Mullet ( mullus ) a kind of dainty fish ; Also a term in Heraldry signifying a Star-like spot , and divided into five corners or ends , and is the distinction for a third Brother . Mulse ( mulsum ) water and honey sod together ; also sweet wine . Mulsulmans ( Arab. ) the Turks or Mahumetists so called ; the word signifies as much as a people faithful in their Law or Religion . Multatitious ( multatitius ) gotten by fine or forfeit . Multifarious ( multifarius ) divers in conditions , many ways divided . Lo. Bac. Multiferous ( multifer ) bearing much or many ; fruitful . Multifidous ( multifidus ) having many slits or clefts , divided into many parts , manifold . Multiformity ( multiformitas ) diversity of form , shape or figure . Multiloquent ( multiloquus ) full of speech , that hath many words . Multinominal ( multinominis ) that hath many names . Multiparous ( from multus and pario ) that brings forth much or abundantly . Multiplicious ( multiplex , icis ) manifold , of many or divers sorts or ways , variable , changeable , handling divers matters . Multiplicable ( multiplicabilis ) that may be multiplied or augmented . Multipotent ( multipotens ) that may or can do much . Multiscious ( multiscius ) knowing much , skilful . Multisonant ( multisonus ) that hath many or great sounds , that makes a great noise . Multitudinous ( from multitudo , inis ) pertaining to a multitude ; that has a great number , or great store of . Multivagant ( multivagus ) wandring or straying much abroad . Multivilous ( multivius ) that hath many ways , manifold . Multivolent ( multivolus ) of many or divers minds , mutable , wishing one while this , another that . Multure ( molitura Lat. Fr. moulture ) the Grist or Corn ground ; or the Toll or Fee which the Miller takes for grinding corn . Mumial , of or pertaining to Mumie . Mumie or Mummie ( Lat. Mumia . Ital. Mummia ) a thing like pitch sold by Apothecaries ; It is hot in the second degree , and good against all brusings , spitting of blood , and divers other diseases . There are two kinds of it , the one is digged out of the Graves , in Arabia and Syria , of those bodies that were embalmed , and is called Arabian Mummie . The second kind is onely an equal mixture of the Jews Lime and Bitumen , in Greek Pissasphaltum , in Latin Pici-bitumen , and of the Simplicists , Cera monta●a , Cera terrestris , Pissalsphaltum nativum , & numia nativa . Gen. Practise of Physick . Mummerie ( Fr. ) a masking or personating others in antick habits . Muncerians , a sort of Anabaptists , so called from Tho. Muncer , who was their Prophet , Senator and General , when they rose in Rebellion in Suevia and Franconia , &c. Mund●ne ( mundanus ) worldly . Mundanitie ( mundanitas ) worldliness . Mundifie ( mundifico ) to make clean , to purge . Mundifica●e ( mundificativus ) mundifying ▪ purging , purifying , apt to cleanse . Mundivagant ( mundivagus ) wandring through the world . Munerate ( munero ) to reward or recompence . Municipial Municipal ( municipalis ) proper or peculiar to one onely City , or to the right of Freedom in a City . Muniferous ( munifer ) that carrys a gift . Munificence ( munificentia ) liberality , bounty , largess . Munifical Munificent ( munificus ) bountifull , liberal . Muniment ( munimen ) a Fortress or Fence , a Fort or Hold : A Muniment house ( in Cathedrals , or Collegiate Churches , Castles , Colledges , or such like ) is a house or little room of strength purposely made for keeping the Seal , Plate , Evidences , Charters , &c. of such Church , Colledge , &c. such Evidences being called in Law Muniments , ( or corruptly miniments ) from munio , to defend ; because a mans inheritance or possession is defended by them . Munite ( munio ) to fortifie , strengthen or defend . Munited ( munitus ) armed , fenced , made strong , prepared . Murage , is a Toll or Tribute to be levied for the building or repairing publick Edifices or Walls . Fitz. nat . br . fol. 227. d. It seems also to be a liberty granted by the King to a Town for gathering money towards walling it . A. 3. Ed. 1. ca. 30. Mural ( muralis ) belonging to a wall . The Mural Crown was one of the rewards given by the old Romans to their Souldiers , with which he only was honored , who did first scale the walls , and enter the Enemies City . Murcid ( murcidus ) cowardly , unadvised , sloathful . Mure●gers ( from murus , a Wall ) Officers yearly elected in the City Westchester , who have a care of the City Walls , and see them repaired . Muricide ( muricida ) he that kills Mice ; a Coward or sloathful fellow , fitter to kill Mice then men . Murnival , the number Four. Musach Cassa , a Chest or Church-Box in the holy Temple of Jerusalem , wherein Kings were wont to cast their Offerings . Min. Musaph ( omnibus linguis ) a book among the Turks that contains all their Laws . Muscadel ( Fr. ) or Muscadine ( Vinum Muscatum ) a kind of wine so called , because for sweetness and smell it resembles Musk. This wine comes for the most part from the Isle Creta or Candy ; whence ( as Ortelius reports ) 12000 Butts of it are yearly transported . Others say it takes name from Monte Alcino in Italy . Muscheto , a kind of Gnat. Herb. tr . Muscle ( musculus , dimin . à mus , because a Muscle is like a flead Mouse ) an instrumental part of the body , serving for voluntary moving the fleshy part of it , compassed in with the Strings and Sinews to move withal , interlaced with Veins and Arteries , the first for distribution or nourishment , the other for preserving natural heat . Min. Muscosity ( muscositas ) abundance of Mice ; also mossiness , or abundance of moss . Mu●culous ( musculosus ) full of Muscles or Sinews ; hard , brawny . Muses ( Musae ) the feigned Goddesses of Poetry and Musick , which were nine in number , and Daughters to Jupiter and Mnemosyne ; of whom thus Virgil. 1 Clio gesta canens transactis tempora reddit . 2 Melpomene tragico proclamat moesta beatu . Comica lascivo gaudet sermone 3 Thalia . Dulciloquis calamos 4 Euterpe flatibus inflat , 5 Terpsichore affectus cytharis movet , imperat , auget . Plectra gerens 6 Erato saltat , pede , carmine , vultu . Carmine 7 Calliope libris Heroica mandat . 8 Urania coeli motus scrutatur & astra . Signat cuncta manu , loquitur 9 Polyhymnia gestu . Mentis Apollineae vis has movet undique Musas . In medio residens complectitur omnia Phoebus . Musive . See Mosaical . Musk ( moschos ) the Barbarians call it Pat ) is brought out of India , and other hot Countries , the best of all is yellowish or of a gold colour . It comes from a beast like a Roe or wilde Goat , in which beast the Musk grows in a little bag , or bladder . Some say it comes from a little beast like a Mouse . It is comfortable to the heart and brain , and hot and dry in operation . Mussitation ( mussitatio ) a mumbling , or speaking between the teeth . Mussulman . See Mulsulmans . Mustachio Mustache ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Fr. moustache . Span. mustachos ) that part of the Beard which grows upon the upper lip . Mustaphis Musapheis Doctors or Prophets , men of the greatest regard for learning among the Turks . Must ( mustum ) new wine , or that is first pressed out of the Grape ; any thing fresh or new . Musteline ( mustelinus ) of or like a Wheesel . Mustulent ( mustulentus ) sweet as Must ; also fresh , new , green . Mutes ( mutae ) these letters b , c , d , g , h , k , p , q , t , are so called , because they have no sound , without the assistance of a vowel , as ( s ) hath which makes a little hissing , before it is joyned in speech with a vowel . N●tilate ( mutilo ) to maim , cut off , diminish , take away or make imperfect . Nyunyng . See Minnyng days . Myrobalane ( myrobalanus ) an East-Indian plumb , or the nut of Egypt , so called , whereof there are divers kinds . Myriad ( myrias , adis ) the number of ten thousand . Myriarck ( myriarches ) a Captain of ten thousand . Myrmidons ( myrmodones ) certain people of Thessaly , that accompanied Achilles to Troy. Myro●olist ( myropola ) a seller of sweet Oyls , Ointments or Perfumes . Myrrhe ( myrrha ) a gum brought out of Arabia and Assyria , of colour between white and red ; It is hot and dry in the second degree , or ( as son●e write ) in the third , and is often used in Physick , being of an opening , cleansing , and dissolving nature . Myrrhine Myrrhean ( myrrhinus ) of myrrhe , made of myrrhe , seasoned with myrrhe . Myrtle ( myrtus ) a little low Tree , growing in hot Countries , having small dark leaves , and bearing berries , which are of a binding nature , good to stop any issue of blood . It is a tender plant , not able to endure cold , and was wont to be worn by the Roman Captains , Garlandwise in triumph , when they had obtained any victory , without slaughter of men . Mystagog●ca● ( mystagogicus ) that interprets mysteries , or ceremonies , that hath the keeping and shewing of Church-Relicks to stranges . Treatise of bodies . Mystag●gue ( mystagogus ) he that hath that office . Mysteriarck ( mysteriarches ) the master of holy mysteries , a chief Prelate . Mystical ( mysticus ) secret , hidden , sacred . Mystical Theology , is nothing else in general but certain Rules , by the practise whereof , a vertuous Christian may attain to a nearer , a more familiar , and beyond all expression comfortable conversation with God , by arriving unto , not onely a belief , but also an experimental knowledge , and perception of his divine presence , after an unexpessible manner in the soul , &c. Cress . Mythologie ( mythologia ) a declaration of fables , an expounding or moralizing upon a tale . Hence Mythologize , to expound or moralize a fable , or Poetical History . N NAdir ( Arab. ) the point of heaven directly under our feet , opposite to the Zenith which is over our heads . A term in Astronomy . Naiad●s , Nymphs or Fairies of the Rivers and Fountains . They have their name from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to flow or bubble , as the water doth . Naiant ( Fr. nageant ) a term in Heraldry , and signifies swimming or floating . Naif ( Fr. ) lively , quick , natural , kindly , proper , no ways counterfeit . Jewellers when they speak of a Diamond that is perfect in all its properties , as in the water , shape , cleanness , &c. say t is a Naif stone ; others account a Naif stone to be one that is found growing naturally in such perfection , as if it had been artificially cut , and therefore most esteemed . Napaeae , Nymphs or Goddesses of the Woods and Mountains ; from the Greek Nape , a wood . Napthe ( naptha ) a kind of marly or chalky clay , whereto if fire be put , it so kindleth , that if a little water be cast thereon , it burns more vehemently ; liquid or soft bitumen . Narcissus ( Gr. ) an hearb called white Laus tibi , or white Daffodil . Poets feign that Narcissus , a fair Boy , being in love wth himself , was turned into a Lilly. Narcissine ( narcissinus ) of or pertaining to a white Daffodil . Narcotique ( narcoticus ) that makes a member senceless , stupefactive , benumming , depriving of sence . As Narcotic Medicines , which make the Patient , or some of his members senceless . Nard ( nardus ) a plant growing in India or Syria , called Spikenard . Narration ( narratio ) a report of a thing , a discourse , declaration , or relation . Narrative ( narratus ) declarative , reporting , relating , expressing . It is also used substantively , as Narration . Nasicornous ( from nasus , a nose , and cornu a horn ) that hath a horn on his nose , or a horned , or horny nose . Dr. Brown in his Vul. Err. p. 166. speaks of those four kinds of Nasicornous Insects or Beetles , described by Muffe●us . Natal ( natalis ) native , natural , of or belonging to a nativity or birth . Natal or Natalitious gifts ( munera natalitia ) among the Grecians , the Midwives , the fifth day after the childes birth , ran about a fire made for the same purpose ; using that ceremony , as a purification of themselves & the child ; on this day the neighbors also sent in gifts or small tokens ; from which custom , that among Christians of the Godfathers sending gifts to the baptized Infant , is thought to have flown ; and that also of the neighbors sending gifts to the mother of it , as is still used in Northwales . Natation ( natatio ) a swiming . Nated ( natus ) born , bred , brought forth , framed of nature . Felth. Nathaniel ( Heb. ) the gift of God. Naturalist ( Fr. ) a natural Philosopher , one skilled in the Reason , and causes of natural things . Naturalize ( Fr. naturalizer ) to make a natural Subject ; to admit into the number of natural Subjects . At Rome there were two sorts of Citizens ; some Cives nati ; Citizens by birth ; others Civitate donati , Citizens by donation or gift , who because they were added unto and registred with the first sort of Citizens , were thence called Adscriptitii Cives . Naval ( navalis ) of or belonging to ships , or a Navy of ships . The Naval Crown was given to him , who first entred the enemies ship in a Sea-fight . Naucifie ( naucifacio ) to set nought by , to dis-esteem . Nave ( Span. ) that part of a Cart or spinning Wheel , wherein the Spokes are set , and in which the Axletree runs . Naufrage ( naufragium ) wrack on the Sea , loss , detriment , shipwrack . Navicular ( navicularis ) pertaining to ships . Navigable ( navigabilis ) where ships may pass , sailable , that will bear a ship . Navigerous ( naviger ) that will bear a Vessel or Ship. Navigator ( Lat. ) a Sayler . We use to say , Sir Francis Drake was the first that sailed round the world , which may be true in a mitigated sence ; viz. that he was the first Captain or person of note that atchieved this enterprize ( Magellanus perishing in the midst of it ) and therefore is reported to have given for his Devise a Globe with this Motto , Tu primus circumdedisti me . This Navigation was begun Ann. 1577. and in two years and a half with great vicissitude of fortune , finished . Navitie ( navitas ) diligence , stirring , quickness . Naulage ( Fr. ) the fraight or passage money , for transporting any person or thing over the Sea or a River . Naumachie ( naumachia ) a war , or battel at Sea ; also the place where such battle is fought . Nauseate ( nauseo ) to have an appetite to vomit ; also to loath or abhor . Nauseative Nauseous ( nauseosus ) loathsom , against the stomack , that makes one ready to cast . Nautical Nautick ( nauticus ) belonging to ships or Marriners . Nazal ( Fr. ) the nose-piece of a Helmet ; the part thereof that covers the nose . Nazarite ( Heb. ) signifies a man separated or divided . The Jews so called those that had vowed themsel●es for some time to God : And these Nazarites , while their vow lasted , were to abstain from Wine and Grapes either green or dry , and generally , from whatever came from the Vine Tree , or might make a man drunk . They also cut not their hair , and observed divers other ceremonies . The date of their vow being expired , they presented themselves to the Priest , who offered a Sacrifice for them , and then their hair was cut , and burnt with the Sacrifice ; after which it was lawful for them to drink wine as before . See Numb . 6.2.21 . The Disciples were first called Nazarites ( as the Mahumetans still call them ) from Jesus of Nazareth ( a Village in Galilee ) as now , Christians from Christ ; which name was first given them at Antioch by Evodus , Patriack thereof , who immediately succeeded St. Peter . Also certain Heretics so called . Of which see Moses and Aaron , p. 32. Neades , beasts in Samos , whose bones are so big , they are kept for a marvel , and their voice so strong , it shakes the earth . Neap Tides , In the Seamens Dialect are , the ebbing or small Tydes , which happen when the Moon is in the middle of the second and last Quarter ; The Neap is opposite to the Spring , and there are as many days allowed for the Neap or falling of the Tides , as for the Spring or rising of them . The Tide never runs so swift in Neaps as in Springs . Note that as the highest of the Spring is three days after the Full or Change of the Moon ; So the lowest of the Neap is four days before the Full or Change , and then they say 't is Dead-neap . When a ship wants water , so that it doth not flow high enough to bring her off the ground , or out of a Dock , they say she is be-neaped . See Spring-Tides . Nebule ( a term in Heraldry ) being a representation of the clouds ; as Nebule of six pieces , Or and Sable is the Blounts Arms. Nebulon ( nebulo ) a Knave , Rascal , Villain , Scoundrel , one of no estimation . Nebulosous ( nebulosus ) cloudy , misty , foggy ; full of clouds . Necromancy ( necromantia ) a divination practised by conjuration and calling up Devils or dead mens Ghosts ; which we read practised by King Saul ( 1 Reg. cap. 28. ) when he required a Sorceress to call the spirit of Samuel to him . Necromancer ( necromantes ) he that practises that wicked Art , a Master of the Black Art , one that seeks to the dead ; or consults with Satan in the shape of a dead man. The Hebrews describe him thus ; he made himself hungry , and then lodged among the Graves , that the dead might come to him in a dream , and make known to him that which he asked , &c. Others there were that clad themselves with cloathes for that purpose , and spoke certain words , burned Incense , and slept by themselves , that such a dead person might come and talk with them in a dream . The difference between Necromancers and Witches King James ( in his Demonologie ) hath taught in a word ; the one ( in a sort ) command , the other obey the Devil . Necromantick ( necromanticus ) pertaining to Necromancy . Nectar ( Gr. ) a pleasant liquor , feigned to be the drink of the Gods. Nectarine Nectarean ( nectareus ) immortal , divine , pleasant , like Nectar . Nefandous ( nefandus ) horrible , hainous , mischeivous , not to be spoken or named . Nefarious ( nefarius ) cursed , unworthy to live , wicked , detestable . Negative ( negativus ) that denies or gain-says , Two Negatives make an Affirmative ; as he did not give nothing , for , he gave something . Negative pregnant , in our Common Law , implies also an Affirmative . As if a man , being impleaded to have done a thing upon such a day , or in such a place , denies he did it , Modo & forma declarata , which implies nevertheless , That in some sort he did it . Negatory ( negatorius ) of or belonging to denial , inficiatory , negative . Negotiation ( negotiatio ) buying and selling , traffick , merchandizing , managing of business . Ne●otious ( negotiosus ) full of business , ever in action , much employed . Negro ( Ital. and Span. ) a Neger or Blackmoor , whom the Dutch call a Swart . Neif or Nief ( from the Fr. naif , i. naturalis ) signifies in our Common Law a Bond-woman , An. 1. Ed. 6. c. 3. N●maean Games ( nemaea ) so called from Nemaea , a Town in Greece , where Hercules slew the Lions , and in honor of this memorable exploit , were instituted these Nemaean games , which continued famous in Greece for many ages . The exercises were , running with swift Horses , Whorlebats , runing on foot , Quoiting , Darting , Wrestling , Shooting . Nemesis , the Goddess of Revenge , called also Adrastia . Nemoral ( nemoralis ) pertaining to a Wood or Grove , inclosed or beset with Woods . Nemorivagant ( nemorivagus ) wandring in the Wood. Nemorous ( nemorosus ) full of Woods , Groves or Trees , shadowed with Trees . Neogamist ( neogamus ) one newly married , a Bridegroom . Neophyte ( neophytus ) any thing lately planted or set ; one newly entred into any profession , most commonly taken for one lately converted to the faith . The Neophyte or new Convert ( says Mr. Gregory , p. 111. ) received a Taper lighted , from the Mystagogus ; which for the space of seven days after , he was to hold in his hand at Divine Service , sitting in the Baptistery . Neopolitan disease . See Morbus Gallicus . Neoterical ( neotericus ) that is of late time , newly . Nepenthe ( Gr. Nepenthes ) a kind of Herb , which , being put into Wine , drives away sadness . Some take it for Bugloss . Plin. l. 2. c. 21. Nephritick ( nephriticus ) that is troubled with a pain in the Reins of the back . Nepotation ( nepotatio ) a wasting or riotousness . Neptune ( Neptunus ) the god of the Sea , Son to Saturn and Ops. Hence Neptunian ( Neptunius ) belonging to that Sea god , or to the Sea. Nequient ( nequiens ) not being able , disable . Neread ( Nereides ) a Maremaid or Fish like a beautiful Woman down to the Girdle , the rest like a Fish : The Males of these are called Tritons . Nireides , are also taken for Nymphs , or Fairies of the Water , and comes from Heb. Nahar , i. a Flood or River . Nercus , a God of the Sea. Nero Domitius , an Emperor of Rome , infamous for his cruelty and tyranny ; he murdered his mother Agrippina , his Brethren , and his Wife Octavia , his Master Seneca , and the Poet Lucan , &c. Hence Tyrants are called Nero's . Nerve ( nervus ) a Sinew , strength , force , power , stoutness , and constancy of minde . Nerve is that by which the Brain adds Sence and Motion to the Body . Nervy ( nervosus ) having great or many Sinews , strongly made in Body , pithy . Nervosity ( nervesitas ) the having Sinews or strength , fulness of Sinews . Nescience ( nescientia ) ignorance , want of knowledge . Nescient Nescious ( nescius ) that knows not , ignorant of . Nestor , a man of great wisdom and eloquence , that lived almost 300 year . Hence proverbially , we use Nestor for a man of great age . Nestorians ( so called from Nestorius , a German , their first Founder ) a sort of Hereticks , that held ( among other enormities ) that in Christ were two Persons , as well as two Natures , &c. This Heresie was condemned by the General Council at Ephesus ; And Nestorius his tongue rotted in his mouth , for having bin the Author of such Blasphemy ; he lived in the days of Theodosius ; & was by him made Bishop of Constantinople . Sands . Nethinims ( Hebr. ) were hewers of wood and drawers of water for the House of God , Ezra 2.43 . See Moses and Aaron . p. 22. N●vosity ( naevositas ) speckedness , fulness of moles or freckles . Neutral ( neutralis ) neuter , belonging to neither . Neutrality , the not siding with either part , indifferency . New years Gift , or a gift given the first day of the new year : The usage came first from the antient Romans : For the Knights used every year , on the first day of January , to offer New-years-gifts in the Capitol to Augustus Caesar , though he were then absent : Which custom hath descended to us , albeit in sundry kinds ; for in Italy the greatest persons give to the meanest ; and in England the meanest to the greatest . Nexible ( nexibilis ) that may be knit or tied . Nexility ( nexilitas ) fastness , pithiness , compactness of speech . Niaiserie ( Fr. ) simplicity , silliness , childishness , want of experience , Schism . Dispat . Nais Hawk ( Fr. Niais ) a Nestling or young Hawk ; or any Hawk taken out of the Nest , before she prey'd for her self . Nicean , pertaining to Nice , a City in Bithinia , where the first general Council was held , Ann. 314. to which there assembled three hundred and eighteen Bishops , to beat down the Arrian Heresie . Nices or Niches ( from the Italian Nichi ) the hollow places in a wall , wherein Statues or Images are set . A term in Architecture . Nicete ( Fr. ) sloth , idleness , slackness , simplicity ; hence our word nicety , which we commonly use for coyness , daintiness , curiosity . Nicholaitans ( so called from Nicholas , the Proselyte of Antioch , one of the seven Deacons , which were instituted with Saint Stephen by the Apostles ) a sort of Hereticks that held it lawful to have their wives common , &c. St. John makes mention of them in his Apocalypse , where ( speaking of the Church of Pergamus ) he saith , Thou hast them that hold the doctrine of the Nicholaitans . Nicholas ( Gr. ) Conqueror of the people . Nicodemites , a sort of late Reformists in Switzerland , so called , because they profess their Faith in private , as Nicodemus did to Christ . Nicotian ( Fr. Nicotiane , Span. Nicociana ) Tobacco . so called from John Nicot , who first sent that weed into France from Portugal , where he was Ambassador Leiger for the French King , about the year 1560. Near which time , and at which place he made that great French and Latin ( called Nicots ) Dictionary . Nictation ( nictatio ) a winking or twinkling with the eyes . Nidgeries ( Fr. Nigeries ) fopperies , fooleries , trifles . Nidifice ( nidificium ) a Nest , such as Birds make . Nidifie ( nidifico ) to build or make a Nest . Niding ( old English ) signifies an abject , base-minded , false-hearted coward . In former time this word was of great force in England : For when there was a dangerous Rebellion against King William Rufus , &c. after he had but proclaimed , that his Subjects should repair to his Camp upon no other penalty , but that who ever refused , should be reputed a Niding ; they swarmed to him immediately from all sides in such numbers , as he had in few days a great Army , and the Rebels were so terrified therewith , that they forthwith yielded . Nidor ( Lat. ) the savor of any thing burned or rosted ; sometimes brightness . Nidulation ( nidulatio ) a building or making a Nest . Night-Mare . See Incubus . Nigrifie ( nigrefacio ) to make black . Nihilifie ( nihilifacio ) to set nothing by , to dis-esteem , to make no account of . Nigromancy . See Necromancy . Nihil dicit , is a failing to put in answer to the Plea of the Plaintiff , by the day assigned ; upon which failure , Judgment passeth against him , as saying nothing why it should not . Nil ( Belg. niet , i. nihil ) the sparkles or ashes that come of Brass , tried in the Furnace . Nilus , a great River running through Ethiope and Egypt , famous for the vertue of its water , which overflowing this Country , makes it wonderful fertile many years after . This River is in length almost three thousand miles . Nimbiferous ( nimbifer ) that brings storms or showrs . Nimbot ( Fr. ) a Dwraf , Dandiprat , or little Skipjack . Nimietie ( nimietas ) too great abundance . Nimious ( nimius ) too much , excessive , over-great , superfluous . Ningid or Ninguid ( ninguidus ) where much snow is . Nisi prius , is a Writ Judicial , which lies in case where the Enquest is panelled and returned before the Justices of the Bank ; the one party or the other making Petition , to have this Writ for the ease of the Country , &c. It is called Nisi prius , of these words contained in the same Nisi die Lunae apud talem locum prius venerint , &c. See Assize . Nitid ( nitidus ) clean , neat , gay , trim , fair , bright . Nitidity ( nitiditas ) cleanness , brightness , trimness . Nitor ( Lat. ) the same . Nitre ( nitrum ) a Salt-resembling substance , of colour ruddy and white , and full of holes like a Spunge ; some late Writers mistake it for Salt-petre . Nitrou● ( nitrosus ) having the savor of Nitre , having stuff in it whereof Nitre is made , full of Nitre . Nival ( nivalis Niveous ( niveus ) ) pertaining to Snow , white or cold like Snow , snowy . Nixu , the gods of Child-bearing . Nobless ( Fr. ) Nobility , Gentry , Generousness . Nobili●ate ( nobilito ) to make noble , to promote to Dignity , Noce●t ( nocens ) that hath done a trespass or injury , that hurteth or endamageth ; a person guilty , or that hath offended . Nocive ( nocivus ) that doth harm , hurtful , noyous . Noctiferous ( noctifer ) that betokens or brings night , the evening Star. Noctivagant ( noctivagus ) that wandreth by night . Nocturnal ( nocturnus ) belonging to the night , nightly , or in the night time . Nocturne ( nocturnum ) a part of the Office , or certain Psalms and Prayers so called , because they are said Nocturno tempore , about midnight . Nocument ( nocumentum ) hurt or damage . Nocuous ( nocuus ) that doth harm , hurtful . Nodosity ( nodositas ) knottiness , knobbiness . Nodous ( nodosus ) knotty , full of knots , knurs , joynts or difficulties ; curious or scrupulous . Noli-me-tangere , i Do not touch me . An Herb so called , because its seed being ripe , fpurts away so soon as it is touched : Also a disease of th●t name , being a piece of flesh growing in the Nostrils , in such sort , as it often stops the wind , and the more it is touched , the worse it grows . Nomarck ( Nomarcha ) he that hath the preheminence in the ministration of Laws , as a Major or other like Officer . Nomarchie ( nomarchia ) a jurisdiction or Majoralty , a Law , a County or Shire , a Territory about some City . Nombreil ( from the Fr. Nombril , i. a Navel ) in Heraldry it signifies the lower part of a Scutcheon , divided by the breadth into three even parts . The Fesse being the middle , and the Honor Point the upper part . Guill . Nomenclator ( Lat. Quasi nominis calator ) he that knows the names of things , and calls them thereby ; a common Crier in a Court of Justice ; a Bedel , or like Officer , to whom it belongs to know by heart , the names , offices , and crafts of all the Citizens , thereby to instruct such as among the Romans did stand for any Office , that they might speak to them more gently . Thomasius . Nomenclature ( nomenclatura ) the numbring of names or Surnames of sundry things ; the office of the Nomenclator . Nominal ( nominalis ) of or belonging to a name . Nominalia , A Feast among the Romans : to Females they gave the name on the eighth day , to Males on the ninth , which they called Dies lustricus , as it were the cleansing day , on which they solemnized this Feast ; and ( as Turtullian notes ) Fata adscribenda advocabantur , that is ( as I conceive ) their Nativities were set . The Athenians gave names on the tenth day , others on the seventh . Nomination ( nominatio ) a naming or appointing ; it is used both by the Common Lawyers and Canonists for a power that a man by vertue of a Mannor or otherwise , hath to appoint a Clerk to a Patron of a Benefice , by him to be presented to the Ordinary . Nomographer ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) a Writer of the Law ; a Legislator . Nomothesie ( Gr. ) the making , publishing , or proclaiming a Law. Nona , Decima and Morra , the three fatal Ladies , whom the Greeks call Clotho , Lachesis and Atropos . Nonability , is in our Law , an exception against any person that disables him to commence a Suit. Non est factum ( Lat. ) is an usual Plea to a Declaration , whereby a man denies that to be his Deed , whereon he is impleaded . Nonage ( Fr. non aage , i. non aetas ) not yet of age ; minority ; that is all the time of a mans age under One and twenty years in soml cases , and Fourteen in some , as marriage . See Brook. tit . Age. Non compos mentis , i. not in his right wits , is of four sorts ; 1. He that is an Ideot born ; Next he that by accident wholly loseth this wits . 3. A Lunatick , that has sometime his understanding and sometimes not ; Lastly , he that by his own act deprives himself of his right mind for a time , as a Drunkard . None of the day , is the third quarter of the day beginning at Noon , and lasting till the Sun be gone half way towards setting . Nones ( nonae ) in March , May , July and October , are the six days next following the first day , or the Calends ; In other moneths they are the four days next after the first ; But the last of these days is properly called Nones , and the other reckoned backward , according to the number distant from the Nones , as the third , fourth or fith Nones . They are called Nones , because they began the ninth day before the Ides . Hoptons Conc. p. 70. Non liquet , i. It appears not , it is not clear , it likes not . Also a Verdict given by the Jury , signifying , that the matter was to be deferred to another day of trial ; Ignoramus with us , or a Reprié , it was wont to be put down in a Scrowle or Tablet by these letters ( N.L. ) As guilty , or Condemnatio by ( C ) Quitting by ( A ) i. Absolutus . Carol. Sigon . de Judiciis . Non obstante ( Lat. ) notwithstanding , nevertheless ; a word much used in our Statutes , Patents and other writings , &c. Non plus ( Lat. ) no more ; a term often used , when a man can say no more , nor answer an Ojection ; then he is said to be at a Nonplus . Non-residency , unlawful absence from the place of his charge , most commonly spoken of Ministers and their Cures . Non-suit , is a Renunciation of the Suit by the Plaintiff or Demandant , when the matter is so far proceeded in , as the Jury is ready at the Bar to deliver their Verdict . A. 2. H. 4. ca. 7. See the New book of Entries , verbo , Nonsuit . The Civilians term it , Litis renunciationem . Nonupla , a quick time in Musick peculiar to Gigs and such like ; having nine Crotchets between Bar and Bar. Nook of Land. See Yard . Normal ( normalis ) right by rule , made by the Square or Rule . Nortel ware , corruptly so called in some part of England for Lorimers . See Lorimer . Norrey or Norroy , King at Arms. See Harold . Nosognomonick ( Gr. ) a part of Physick . See Medicine . Nostoch ( says Dr. Charlton in his Paradoxes ) is the nocturnal pollution of some plethorical and wanton star , or rather excrement blown from the nostrils of some rheumatick Planet , falling upon plains and sheep pastures , of an obscure red or brown tawny , in consistence like a gelly , and so trembling if touched ; which the Philosophy of the clouted shoo affirms to be the ruines of a star fallen . Some there are ( saith Dornaeus ) who by Nostoch intend wax , but by the favor of a metaphor . Notary ( notarius ) a Scribe or Scrivener , that onely takes notes , or makes a short draught of contracts , obligations or other instruments ; these notes he may deliver to the parties that gave him instructions , if they desire no more ; but if they do , he must deliver them to a Tabellion , who draws them at large , ingrosses them in parchment , &c. and keeps a Register of them , but this is not generally observed ; for in many Towns of France , the Notaries are also Tabellions . Cotg. Notification ( notificatio ) information , signification , advertisement . Notion ( notio ) knowledge , understanding ; acquaintance . Novatians , a sort of Hereticks whereof one Novatus was first Author about the year 215. he condemned second Mariages , and held that such as had once faln or were in Apostacy , ought no more to be received into the Church , although they were repentant therefore , &c. This Heresie was condemned by a Council at Rome . See Catharians . Novator ( Lat. ) he that makes a thing new , a renewer . Novels of the Civil Law are in number 168. into which the 91 Collations of the Authenticks ( which were set out after the Codex by Justinian , then Emperor , and brought into the body of the Civil Law ) were divided . They were called Novelles ( says Cujatius ) quod novissime promulgatae sint post Codices . Novenary ( novenarius ) of nine , that consists of nine . Novendial ( novendialis ) of nine days space or continuance . Novennial ( novennis ) of nine years . Novae tabulae ( Lat. ) was an easement proposed in favor of debtors at Rome , whereby the old debt books and obligations were cancelled ; or the nomina dashed out ; Among the Athenians this practise was called Sisacthia , i. an easing of burthen , or Cre●opia , a cutting off or striking out of debts . Livie . Novercal ( novercalis ) of or pertaining to a Step-mother , or mother in Law. Novice ( from the Lat. Novus ) a young Monk or Nun , before they are professed ; one that 's but newly entred into a Religious house , and has not passed his time of probation ; also a youngling or beginner in any profession . Novity ( novitas ) newness , strangeness , novelty . Nowed , a term in Heraldry ( from the Fr. Nové ) knotted , or tied in a knot . Noxious ( noxius ) hurtful , noysom , offensive . Nubiferous ( nubifer ) that brings or carries clouds , cloudy , Nubilous ( nubilosus ) full of clouds , cloudy , stormy , tempestuous . Nubivagant ( nubivagus ) passing through or among clouds . Nuceous ( nuceus ) of or pertaining to a Nut. Nudation ( nudatio ) a making bare . Nude ( nudus ) bare , naked , uncovered , void , empty , destitute , poor . Nude contract ( nudum pactum ) is , in our Law , a bare contract or promise of a thing , without any consideration given therefore , ex quo non oritur actio . Nudity ( nuditas ) bareness , nakedness , want of any thing , poverty . Nugal Nugatory ( nugatorius ) trifling , vain , of no force . Nugator ( Lat. ) a trifler . Nugation ( nugatio ) a trifling . Bac. Nuisance . See Nusance . Nullifidian ( from nulla fides ) one of no faith , Religion or honesty ; a Seeker . Nullity ( nullitas ) nothing , annihilation , the being void , nothing , or of no effect . Nullo , a Cypher , or non-significant character . Numeral ( numeralis ) of or belonging to number . Numerical , belonging to number ; Also a term in Logick ; as when we say a numerical difference , that is to say , the last difference , by which one individual thing is distinguished from one another . Numerist ( numerarius ) he that numbereth ; an Officer in the later Emperors time belonging to the Office of Praefectus praetorio ; A kind of Register , Notary , or Auditor . Nun ( nonna q. non nupta . Teut. Nunn . Belg. Nonne ) is a holy or consecrated Virgin , or a woman that by vow has bound her self to a single and chaste life , in some place and company of other women , separated from the world , and devoted to an especial service of God , by prayer , fasting and such like holy exercises . St. Hierom makes ( nonna ) originally an Egyptian word , as Hospinian records of him , in his book de origine & progressu monachatus , fol 3. Of these there are several Orders . Scholastica ( the Sister of St. Benedict ) was the first that collected them into companies , and prescribed them orders . Heyl. Nuncupate ( nuncupo ) to name , to call by some name ; also to pronounce , tell by name or rehearse . Nuncupative ( nuncupativus ) called , named , pronounced , expresly declared by word of mouth . A Will Nuncupative , is when the Testator makes his will by word of mouth ( not by writing ) before sufficient witnesses . Nundinal Nundinarie ( nundinarius ) pertaining so Fairs or Markets . Nundination ( nundinatio ) a trafficking in Fairs or Markets , buying and selling . Nuncio ( Ital. and Span. from the Lat. Nuncius ) a Legate or Ambassador from the Pope . Nuncio differed from a Legate , almost as a Lieger from an Extraordinary Ambassador . Nuptial ( nuptialis ) pertaining to a Wedding , Marriage or Bridal . Nuptial gifts were certain tokens , which the Husband sent his Mistress before the betrothing . Nuptialist ( from nuptiae ) a Bride or Wife ; or a Bridegroom or Husband ; Also one that makes Marriages . Nusance ( Fr. nuisance ) hurt , offence , annoyance , damage , trespass . In Law it is , where any man erects any wall , stops any water , or doth any thing upon his own ground to the unlawful hurt or annoyance of his neighbor ; he that is grieved may have thereof an Assize of Nusance . Nutation ( nutatio ) nodding , as one doth when he sits sleeping . Nutriment ( nutrimentum ) nourishment . Nutritive Nutritious ( nutritius ) pertaining to nourishment . Nymph ( Nympha , Brit. Nymph ) a Bride or new married Wife . Hence those Virgin Goddesses of the Woods , Mountains and Waters had this name , as the Napaeae , Oreades , Dryades , Hamadryades , Naiades , Nereides , &c. Nymphal Nymphous ( from Nympha ) of or belonging to a Nymph or Bride ; Nymph-like . Nymphet ( Fr. ) a little Nymph . O OBacerate ( obacero ) to stop ones mouth , that he cannot tell out his tale . Obambulate ( obambulo ) to walk against another , or about , to range or stray over . Obduction ( obductio ) a covering or laying over . Obdurate ( obduratus ) hardned , also unrelenting . Obedientials ( from obedientia ) those that execute an Office under Superiors , and with obedience to their commands . Obeisance ( Fr. ) obedience ; a dutiful observing of , an obsequious yielding unto . Obelise ( from obelus or obeliscus ) to make a long stroke in writing , to signifie somewhat to be put out ; to race out . Mr. White . Obelisk ( obeliscus ) a great square stone broad beneath , and waxing smaller towards the top . There were divers of these in Egypt consecrated in honor of the Sun ; whereof four were principally erected by King Sochis , of wonderful height ; many Obelisks were likewise at Rome in time of the Roman Emperors . The difference between an Obeliske and a Pyramid was this ; the Obelisk was all of one entire stone or piece , and therefore of no such height as the Pyramids , which were of divers stones ; and again the Obelisk is four-square , whereas the Pyramis may be of other figure . Obequitate ( obequito ) to ride about . Obesity ( obesitas ) fatness , grosness . Objectator ( Lat. ) he that reproaches or lays to ones charge . Obit ( obitus ) the death , dying or decay of one ; the setting or going down of the Sun. Also sometimes taken for an Elegy or Funeral Song . Objuration ( objuratio ) a binding by oath . Objurgation ( objurgatio ) a chiding , rebuking , reproving , or blaming . Objurgatory ( objurgatorius ) pertaining to chiding , checking or rebuking . Oblat ( Fr. ) a Souldier , who , grown impotent or maimed in Service , hath maintenance or the benefit of a Monks place assigned him in an Abbey ; Also the means or place of a Monk , or such Souldier . Oblation ( oblatio ) an offering ; an aid or Subsidy money . Oblations are thus defined in the Canon Law. Oblationes dicuntur quaecunque à piis fidelibusque Christianis offeruntur Deo & Ecc●esiae , sive res soli , sive mobiles sint . Nee refert an legentur Testamento , an aliter donentur . Cap. Cler. 13. quaest . 2. See Duaren . de Sacr. Eccles . Minister . ac Benef. cap. 3. Oblatration ( oblatratio ) a barking or making exclamation against one . Oblectation ( oblectatio ) recreation , delight , pleasure . Oblesion ( oblaesio ) an hurting or annoying . Obligatory ( obligatorius ) which bindeth or obligeth ; also taken substantively , for an obligation . Oblimation ( oblimatio ) a dawbing or covering over with mud or soft clay . Obliquation ( obliquatio ) a crooking or turning away or aside . Oblique ( obliquus ) crooked , aw●y , bowed , bended traver . Obliquity ( obliquitas ) crookedness , wriness . Obliterate ( oblitero ) to scrape out , to put out of remembrance , to abolish . Oblivion ( oblivio ) forgetfulness , unmindfulness . Oblocutor ( Lat. ) an evil reporter , a backbiter , a detracter . Oblong , is a Geometrical term for a Quadrangular figure , whose length exceeds its breadth , of which the most proper ( distinguished by their several terms ) are these six . 1. Sesquialter , which is when half the height is added to its length . 2. Sesquitertia , when a third part is added to its length . 3. Sesquiquarta , when a fourth part is added . 4. Diagonia , when the Oblong is increased to the length of the Diagonal of the single Square . 5. Superbitiens tertias , so called ( quasi super bis tertias ) because the length thereof is encreased by two thirds . 6. Dupla , which is a double square . Enchir of fortif . Obloquy ( obloquium ) a speaking against , an evil report . Obmutescence ( from obmutesco ) a holding ones peace , a being silent or tongue-tied . O●nection ( obnectio ) a fast knitting , as in marriage . Obnoxiety ( obnoxietas ) obnoxiousness ; liableness to danger , or to the lash , punishment . Obnoxious ( obnoxius ) that hath deserved to be punished , guilty , or condemned , in danger of , subject to . Obnu●ilate ( obnubilo ) to make clouds , or dark with clouds , to make heavy and sad in countenance . Obnunciate ( obnuncio ) to tell or shew ill tidings , or things unpleasant and unlucky . Obnunci●tion ( obnunciatio ) a forbidding a thing upon foreknowledge , conjecture or likelihood of its ill success . As the antient Romans were wont to dissolve their Assemblies ( which dissolution they called obnunciation ) when soever any evil token was seen or heard , either by the Magistrate or Augur . Godwin . Obole ( obolus ) a Coyn , variable according to the Country , with us it is a half-penny : Junius takes it for a penny farthing of our money ; others , for an smal Coyn worth seven pence . Also a half-penny weight , twelve grains among Apothecaries , and fourteen among Mintmen and Goldsmiths . Obolus terrae , five soot in breadth , and ten in length . Obreption ( obreptio ) the creeping or stealing to a thing by crafty means , the getting or obtaining it by dissimulation or private cousenage . Obrogate ( obrogo ) to check or interrupt one in his tale , to gainsay . To obrogate a Law , is to proclaim a contrary Law , for taking away the former . Obrumpent ( obrumpens ) breaking or bursting . Obscene ( obscoenus ) all things that are to be eschewed , filthy , unclean , unchaste , dishonest . Obscenity ( obscoenitas ) villany in acts or words , ribaldry , baudiness , filthiness . Obsecrat● ( obsecro ) to beseech heartily , to pray , to desire for Gods sake . Obsequious ( obsequiosus ) officious , dutiful , serviceable , observant , obedient . Observants or Observantin● , a branch of the Order of Grey-Fryers , commonly called Franciscans , instituted by St. Francis of Assisium , distinct from the Minims or Bonhomes , instituted by St. Francis de Paula . These Observants were instituted by one Bernard of Siena , about the year 1400. See Friers . Obsession ( obsessio ) a laying siege , a beleaguring or compassing about : A man is said to be obsest , when an evil spirit hants him , troubling him often , and seeking opportunity to enter into him . Obsibilate ( obsibilo ) to make a whistling noise , as Trees stirred with winds . Obsidian stone ( obsidianus ) a precious stone , mentioned in Pliny . Gondibert . Obsidional ( obsidionalis ) of or pertaining to a siege . The Obsidional Crown ( Corona obsidionalis ) was given onely to him that relieved a City or Town besieged : This Crown was made of green Leaves , or of the Grass and Herbs of the same Field , where the enemy had been over-thrown , or forced to flight . The great Quintus Fabius received this Crown , for defending and delivering Rome from the siege of Hannibal . Obsolete ( obsoletus ) decayed , old , grown out of use , worn as a Garment , when it is thredbare . Obstetricate ( obstetrico ) to do the office of a Midwife . Obst●trici●us ( from obstetricium ) pertaining to the Ministery of Midwives , or their Feat . Ostipate ( obstipo ) to stop chinks . Obstreperous ( obstreperus ) that makes a noise , roars , or crys out against . Obstrigillation ( obstrigillatio ) a reprehension , a resisting or repugning . Obstruction ( obstructio ) a shutting or stopping up , a ●amming up . Obstupifie ( obstupefacio ) to make abashed or astonied . Obtenebrate ( obtenebro ) to make cloudy or dark . Ob●est ( obtestor ) humbly to beseech , to desire for Gods sake . Obtestation ( obtestatio ) an humble desiring , a taking God to witness for a thing , a hearty beseeching . Obticence ( obticentia ) silence , holding ones peace . Obtorted ( obtortus ) wreathed , wrested or wrenched . Obtrectation ( obtrectatio ) detraction , depravation , back-biting , slandering . Obtrite ( obtritus ) worn , bruised , trod under foot . Obturation ( obturatio ) a stopping or shutting up . Obtuse ( obtusus ) dull , dim , blunt , without spirit . Obvention ( obventio ) a meeting with , a coming against , hapning , or chancing unto ; Also revenue or rents . Obvert ( obverto ) to turn against , back , or about . Obviate ( obvio ) to meet with one , also to resist or withstand . Obvious ( obvius ) that which meets with one , meeting in the way ; gentle and easie . Obumbrate ( obumbro ) to shadow over and over ; also to make dark , obscure , or dim . Obuncous ( obuncus ) very crooked . Obundation ( obundatio ) a flowing against . Obvolate ( obvolo ) to flie against . Occident ( occidens ) the going down of the Sun ; the West part of the world . And ( adjectively ) declining , decaying , falling , going down . Occidental ( occidentalis ) pertaining to the West , western , westernly . Occiduous ( occiduus ) that goes down , that will decay . Occipital ( from occiput ) belonging to the Noddle , or hinder part of the head . Occision ( occisio ) a slaughter or death of men or Cattel , a killing or slaying . Occlusion ( occlusio ) a shutting up fast , a stopping . Occular . See Ocular . Occulcation ( occulcatio ) a treading on or spurning . Occult ( occultus ) hid , privy , not known very secret . Occultation ( occultatio ) a hiding , or keeping close , a concealing . Occupative ( occupativus ) that is busied , employed , or Possessed of , or that busieth . An Occupative Field , is that which , being deserted by its proper owner or tiller , is possessed by another . Occurre ( occurro ) to meet with , come in place , be in the way , or offer it self . Oceanick Oceanine ( oceaninus ) belonging to the Ocean or main Sea , encompassing the world . Ochlocracy ( Gr. ) a kinde of Government , wherein the multitude or common rout bear rule . Ocious ( ociosus ) idle , careless , restful , at ease , that hath little to do , unemployed . Octangular ( octangulus ) that hath eight corners , eight-cornered . Octave ( octavus ) an eighth in Musick , a proportion or the number of eight . Octaves ( octavae ) an usual term in Courts of Justice , and in the Roman Calender , and signifies the eighth day , next after some principal Feasts of the year , called also the Vtas . D. Aug. Epist . 118. See Vtas . Octennial ( octennalis ) that is done every eighth years . Octonary ( octonarius ) the same with Octave . Octogon ( Gr. ) a figure consisting of eight Angles . Octostic . See Ogdastic . Ocular ( ocularius ) pertaining to the eyes or sight . Oculate ( oculatus ) full of eyes or holes , quick of sight , circumspect ; as Oculate Faith , that is , confirmed by the eye-sight , or such a Faith as represents the thing believed , as it were to the eye ; a seeing Faith. Oculist , one skilled in curing the diseases of the eyes , or in preserving the eye-sight . Oculus Christ● ( so called because it conduces much to the cure of the infirmities of the eyes ) an Herb called Wilde Clary . Gerard. Ode ( oda ) a Song , or Poem pronounced with singing . Odelet ( Dimin . of Ode ) a small or short Ode . Odible ( odibilis ) odious , worthy to be hated . Odor ( Lat. ) savor , sent , smell . Odoramincu● ( from Odoramen , inis ) smelling sweet , fragrant , odoriferous , pertaining to odor . Odoriferous ( odorifer ) sweet in savor , bringing spices and sweet smelling things . Oeconomie ( oeconomia ) the guiding and ordering of things pertaining to houshold ; also an order in doing a thing . Oeconomical ( oeconomicus ) pertaining to the order or government of an house or family . Oeconomist , one that orders or rules a family . Oecumenical ( oecumenicus ) universal , general , pertaining to the whole world . Oed●stine ( oedastinus ) that is cunning in the knowledge of weights and measures . Oedematous ( from Oedema ) full of or subject to a slegmatick and painless sweling , which being pressed down with the finger , retains the impression thereof , and is called an Oedeme . Br. Oenopolist ( oenopola ) a Vintner or seller of Wine . Offertory ( offertorium ) an offering , or place where offerings are offered or kept ; also a part of the Mass so called . Official . ( officialis ) of or belonging to offices or duties . It is a word diversly used ; some apply it to such as have the sway of temporal Justice , others to the Minister or Apparitor of a Magistrate or Judge . In the Cannon Law i● is especally taken for him , to whom any Bishop generally commits the charge of his Spiritual Jurisdiction ; and in this sence , one in every Diocess is ( Officialis Pricipalis ) whom the old Statutes and Laws of this Nation call Chancelors . An. 32. Hen. 8. cap. 15. And are sometimes termed Commissaries ; the difference of the two powers , you may read in Lindwo●od , tit . De sequest . posses . cap. 1. Verbo Officialis . But this word Official in our Statutes and Common Law , signifies him whom the Archdeacon substitutes for executing his Jurisdiction . Officinator ( Lat. ) an Artificer or Crastsman . Vitruvius ( lib. 6. cap. 11. ) distinguishes the Officinator from the Architect ; this designs the Idea of the whole work ; that is but a second superintendent over all the under-Art sins . Officine ( officina ) a Shop or Work-house . Offuscate ( offusco ) to make black or dark , to shadow or make dim or duskish . Ogdastick ( ogdastichon ) a Sentence or Epigram comprized in eight verses , or a Stanza of eight verses . Ogive or Ogee ( Fr. Augive or Ogive ) a wreath , circlet or round band in Architecture . Oisteriot , a weed so called , as it were , laid among Oisters . Min. Oke , a measure among the Turks , near the bigness of our quart . How. Oleaginous ( oleaginus ) of an Olive-tree , or of the colour of an Olive-tree . Oleity ( oleitas ) the time of gathering Olives , or the Olives when they are gathered to make oyl of ; also oyliness . Olfactory ( olfactorium ) a Posie or Nose gay , any thing to smell to . Oleron Laws , or Laws of Oleron ; so called for that they were made by K. Richard the First , when he was there . Cok Inst . par . 1. p. 260 b. This Oleron is an Island near Rochel , belonging to the French. Olidous ( olidus ) which hath a strong savor , whether good or bad ; rank of smell . Oligarchy ( oligarchia ) the state of a Commonwealth , where a few persons , and those properly of the wealthier sort , have all the authority . Olimpiad . See Olympiad . Oliver , a name fetched from the peace-bringing Olive , as Daphnis and Laurence , from the triumphant Laurel . Olivaster , a wilde Olive tree ; also like , or of the colour of an Olive ; in which last sence the Lord Bacon uses it in his Nat. Hist . Oliviferous ( olivifer ) which bears or brings forth Olives . Olivity ( olivitas ) the time of gathering Olives , or making Oyl ; see Oleity . Olla ( Span. ) a Pot to boil meat in ; and by figure is taken for the meat it self boiled in it . Olla podrida , a Hotchpot of several ingredients ; Mr. Howel , in one of his Letters describes it thus . The Olla podrida hath Intellectuals and Sences : Mutton , Beef , and Bacon , are to her as the Will , Vnderstanding and Memory are to the Soul ; Cabbage , Turnips , Artichocks , Potatoes , and Dates , are her five Sences , and Pepper the common Sence : She must have Marrow to keep life in her , and some Birds to make her light , and by all means she must be adorned with some chains of Sausages , &c. This dish is much in request with us , and is commonly pronounced Ollia ; the second l in Spanish being melted in the pronunciation like an i. It hath some Analogy with that the French call a Bisque . Olympiad ( olympias , adis ) the space of five years , or of eighty moneths , thirty days to a moneth , which was the Epoch of the Grecians ; and so used from the time of celebrating their Olympick Games , which was every fifth year , and the interval was called an Olympiad . See more of this in Mr. Greg. de Aeris & Epoch . c 7. Olympick Games ( olympia ) Games instituted by Hercules in honor of Jupiter ; they were celebrated every fifth year in the Plains of Elis , a City of Peloponnesus , and the Exercises were five ; Running , Wrestling , Leaping , Quoiting , and Whorle-bats . The reward to those that overcame in these feats of activity was nothing but a Garland of Olive branches , lest covetousness , rather then vertue , should make them strive for victory . They took name from the City Olympia , otherwise Pisa . Sir Wat. Ral. lib. 2. fol. 490. Olympias ( Gr. ) heavenly ; a womans name , but some use Olympha . Ombrage . See Vmbrage . Omega ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. O magnum ) the last letter in the Greek Alphabet ; and by a Metaphor taken for the last part or end of any thing . See Alpha. Omelet ( Fr. ) a Pancake of Eggs , a Froise . Ominous ( omninosus ) lucky or unlucky , that portends good or ill luck . Omneity ( from omnis ) the all-being of a thing . Rel. Med. Omnifarious ( omnifarius ) sundry , divers , all manner of ways . Omniferous ( omnifer ) that beareth or bringeth forth all things , or of all kinds . Omnigenous ( omnigenus ) of every kind . Omnimode ( omnimodus ) of all manners or fashions , of every way . Omniparent ( omniparens ) which bears or brings forth all things ; Father or Mother of all things . Omniregencie ( from omnis & rego ) the having the sole rule or authority in ones hands . Omnipotencie ( omnipotentia ) almightiness . Omnipresent ( omnipresens ) that is present every where . Omniscient Omniscious ( omniscius ) that knows all things . Omnitenent ( omnitenens ) that contains all things . Omnitenerant , that travels every where , that journeys into all places . Omnivagant ( omnivagus ) wandring every where , that runs up and down in all places . Omnivalent ( omnivalens ) that is able to do all things . Omnivolent ( omnivolus ) that wills or desires all things . Omnivorous ( omnivorus ) that devoures and eats all kind of things . Omologie ( omologia ) a congruence , proportion , or agreeableness ; confession . Onagre ( onager ) a wild Ass ; also an Engine to fling or shoot great stones , as the Balista did arrows . Onerate ( onero ) to load , charge or burthen , to overcharge , to weary . Onocrotal ( onocrotalus ) a Bird like a Swan , braying like an Ass ; thought to be a Bittour . Onomancie ( onomantia ) divination by names ; also the skill of repeating many names by the art of memory . The Pythagoreans judged the even number of vowels in names to signifie imperfections in the left sides of men , and the odd number in the right . Onomantical , pertaining unto , or skilful in that kind of Divination . Onamatopeious , pertaining to the Figure Onomatopoeia , which is a faining a name from any kind of sound . Onymancy ( Gr. ) Divination by oyl and wax . Onyx ( Gr. ) a precious stone found in the mountains of Arabia of the colour of a mans nail . Some write , that it is congealed of a juyce dropping from a tree called Onycha , which is the cause it smels sweet being cast into the fire ; also that it is often found with divers pictures in it , being easily therein fashioned , before the stone be throughly hardned . This stone is called by some the Chalcidonie . Opal ( opalum ) a precious stone of divers colours , wherein appears the fiery shining of the Carbuncle , the purple colour of the Amethyst , and the greenness of the Emerald very strangely mixed together . Plin. lib. 37. ca. 6. Opacitie ( opacitas ) shadow of trees , umbrage . Opaque Opacous ( opacus ) shadowed , in the shade , dark , obscure , black . Opera ( Lat. ) a work , labor ; diligence , study , &c. In Italy it signifies a Tragedy , Tragi-Comedy , Comedy or Pastoral , which ( being the studied work of a Poet ) is not acted after the vulgar manner , but performed by Voyces in that way , which the Italians term Recitative , being likewise adorned with Scenes by Perspective , and extraordinary advantages by Musick . The common Plays ( which are not Opera's ) are performed ex tempore by the Actors , and are but in the nature of Farces , wanting the above-mentioned adornments . Operarious ( operarius ) pertaining to the workman , done with labor . Operator ( Lat. ) he that works ; a workman . Operiment ( operimentum ) a covering . Opertaneous ( opertaneus ) done within doors , in secret or in covert . Ophthalmie ( ophthalmia ) an inflammation of the uttermost skin of the eye called Aduata , proceeding either of fulness of the body , or of the sharp cholerick humor , or of gross humors , and windiness puffing up the place . Tho. Opiferous ( opifer ) which aids or helps , succoring . Opifice ( opificium ) work , or workmanship . Opimous ( opimus ) fat , gross , in good liking or plight ; rich , plentiful ; well furnished . Opinable ( opinabilis ) that is or may be conceived in opinion . Bac. Opinator ( Lat. ) a supposer , one that never affirms any thing . Opinative or Opiniative ( opinatus ) that stands in his own opinion , addicted to an opinion , apt to have opinions , wedded to his own humor , wilful . Opiniatrety ( from the Fr. opiniastrete ) opiniativeness , obstinacy a head-strong maintaining of , or persistance in an ill opinion . Opiparous ( opiparus ) sumptuous , magnificent , very rich , royal . Opisthograph ( opisthographum ) a book written on the back-side , or paper written on both sides . Opisthographical , that is written upon on both sides . Opitulat● ( opitulor ) to help , succor , or aid . Opobalsamum ( Gr. ) the Gum of the Balm tree . See Balm . Oppication ( oppicatio ) a covering with pitch . Opium ( Lat. ) or Opiate , the juyce of black Poppy , sold dry by Apothecaries . It is sometimes used in Physick to cause sleep , or to asswage excessive pain , but then it must be mixed with other things , and given with great discretion ; for , taken alone , it will cast one into a deadly sleep ; being cold and dry in the fourth degree . Bul. Oppidan ( oppidanus ) a Citizen or Townsman . Oppignorate ( oppignoro ) to lay in pledge , to gage or pawn . Oppilation ( oppilatio ) an obstruction or stopping the Liver , or other chief entrals . Oppilative ( oppilatus ) obstructive , stopping , shut up . Oppletion ( oppletio ) a filling up . Opportune ( opportunus ) meet , for the purpose , fit , convenient , in due time , and as it ought to be . Opposite ( oppositum ) a contrary . Aristotle makes four kinds of Opposites ; first , those that are relativè opposita , as the Husband and Wife , the Master and Servant , &c. which have reference each to other . Secondly , those which are Contraria ; as Right and Wrong ; Ignorance , and Science , &c. Thirdly , Those that are privativè opposita , as Light and Darkness , Sight and Blindness , which succeed and deprive one another . The fourth and last kind of Opposites are those which in Propositions and Clauses are Contradicentia , the one affirming , and the other negative , &c. J. Doderidge . Opprobrious ( opprobriosus ) reproachful in words , upbraiding , reviling , taunting . Oppugn ( oppugno ) to assault , to batter , to lay seige unto , to fight against ; Also to reason against a thing earnestly . Opsimathie ( opsimathia ) a learning when one is old . Opsonator ( Lat. ) a buyer or purveyor of meats ; a Cater , a Manciple . Optable ( optabilis ) that is to be desired , wished , or looked for . Optation ( optatio ) choyce , opinion , wishing , desiring . Optative ( optatum ) a wish or desire . It is also used adjectively , as wishing for or that desireth . Optick Optical ( opticus ) pertaining to the sight . Optick sinews are those which bring the vertue of seeing to the eyes . So the Optick Science is that by which the reason of sight is known ; Art speculative . Optimacy ( from optimates ) a Government in a Commonwealth , by noble or other chief persons . Optimitie ( optimitas ) utility , great profit , excellency . Option ( optio ) choyce , or election . Optive . See Adoptive . Opulencie ( opulentia ) riches , abundance , plenty , wealth . Opulent ( opulentus ) rich , plentiful , wealthy , abundant . Opuscule ( opusculum ) a little work , a little labor . Or ( Fr. ) Gold ; In Heraldry it signifies gold colour . Ore ( ora ) the end or extreme part of any thing ; a Region , Land or Country : Thus Lempsters Ore is that fertile part of Herefordshire , which lyes about two miles round that Town . Oracle ( oraculum ) a Sentence , Council or Answer given by God ; also a notable saying or judgement ; a Prophesie or Prediction . Among the Gentiles these Oracles were but illusions of the Devil , who answered for the most part doubtfully in Idols , to questions made to him . As a great Prince , going to the Wars , and demanding of the Oracle what success he should have , had this ambiguous answer given him , Ibis redibis nunquam per bella peribis . Which he thus commaing , Ibis , redibis , nunquam per &c. ventured on the War , and was slain . There were two principal places of Oracles , one of Ammon in Lybia , the other at Delphi in Booetia ; at the first Jupiter , in this Apollo were said to give answers . These Oracles ceased at the coming of our Saviour . Oracular , pertaining to an Oracle . Oral ( from Os , oris ) pertaining to the Mouth , Visage , face , look , favor or voyce . Oratory ( oratorium ) a place wholly dedicated to prayer ; a Closet , a private Chappel to pray in . Oratorians , a Religious Fraternity or Order instituted the last age by St. Philip Nerius , a Florentine Priest ; They took name from the place first frequented by them for their exercises of Preaching , and Catechising , which was the Oratory of St. Hierom in Rome . Orbation ( orbatio ) a depriving or bereaving one of his goods , or of any other thing ; poverty . Orbical Orbicular ( orbicus ) round like a circle , circular , Globie . Orbiculated ( orbiculatus ) made round in the form of a circle or compass . Orbitie ( orbitas ) the want of children on the Parents part , the want of parents on the childrens part ; any want or privation . Orchal ( orca ) a stone like Allum used sometimes by Dyers to raise a red colour . Ordael or Ordeal ( ordalium ) signifies as much as judgement , and is compounded ( as some say ) of two Saxon words Or , a privatitive , as [ A ] in Greek , and dael , i. ●ars , q Expers . But it is artificially used for a kind of purgation , practised in antient times , whereby the party purged was judged Expers criminis , called in the Common Law , Purgatio vulgaris , and utterly condemned by Pope Steven the second . There was of this four sorts , one by Kampfight ( not unlike our Duel . ) The second called Fire-Ordeal , which was for the accused to pass blindfold with bare feet over hot Plowshares , &c. ( of which see Mr. Fullers hist . Cent. 11. p. 141. ) The third was hot water-Ordeal , by putting his arms up to the elbows in seething water , &c. The fourth was cold water-Ordeal , like the late used trial of Witches . Of these at large , see Verstegan , p. 50 , 51. and Lambert in his explication of Saxon words , Verbo Ordalium , where he expresses such superstitions as were used in it . Mr. Manwood part 1. pag. 15. But Hotom . especially , disput . de feud . ca 41 , &c. Ordalian Law , was that Law which instituted the Ordael aforesaid , and was long before the Conquest , but did continue of force in England till the time of King John , in whose days it was abrogated ; as Pol. Vir. Holinshed & Supplimentum Chronicorum , witness . Ordinal ( ordinale is properly a Book of Direction for Bishops , to give holy Orders , and for other things belonging to their Function ; but sometimes used for a Book containing the Orders and Constitutions of a Religious House or Colledge . Ordinary ( ordinarius ) though in the Civil Law , whence the word is taken , it signifies any Judge that has authority to take knowledge of Causes in his own right ; as he is a Magistrate and not by deputation , yet in our Common Law it is most commonly and usually taken for him that hath ordinary Jurisdiction in causes Ecclesiastical . See Brook and Linwood hoc titulo . Oreads ( oreades ) Fairies of the mountains . Oredelf , is a liberty whereby a man claims the Ore found in his own ground . It properly signifies Ore lying under ground ; as a Delf of Coal , is coal lying in veins under ground , before it is digged up . Orfraies ( aurifrisium ) frizled cloth of gold , made and used in England both before and since the Conquest , worn both by the Clergy and the Kings themselves , as may appear out of Math. Paris , where he speaks of the Ornaments sent by the Abbots of England to the Pope ; and also by a Record in the Tower , where the King commands the Templars to deliver such Jewels , Garments , and Ornaments , as they had of his in keeping ; among which he names Dalmaticum velatum de Orefreis , that is a damask garment guarded with Orfraies . Of old the Jackets or Coat Armors of the Kings Guard , were also termed Orfrais , because they were covered with Goldsmiths work . Orgal , The Lees of wine dried , used by Dyers , to make their cloth drink in their colour throughly . Organical ( organicus ) that which consists of divers substantial parts and members ; instrumental , used as a means ; pertaining to Instruments or Organs . Our body is said to be organical , because the Soul performs her operations by the parts thereof , as instruments . Organist ( organista ) an Organ-player . Orgeis An. 31. Ed. 3. Stat. 3. ca. 2. is the greatest sort of North-Sea fish , now adays called Organ Ling. Orgies ( orgia ) rude Ceremonies instituted by the Poet Orpheus , to be kept every third year to the honor of Bacchus . Orient ( oriens ) the East part where the Sun riseth . Oriental ( orientalis ) of or belonging to the East . Orientalitie , the lustre of the East , the being Eastward of a thing . Orifice ( orificium ) the mouth , brim , or enterance into any thing ; the outward hole in a wound . Oriflambe ( oriflammeus ) the great and holy Standard of France , having in the top a purple Ensign or Flag , born at first onely in Wars against Infidels ; But afterwards used in all other Wars , and at length utterly lost in a Battel against the Flemmings . Cotg. Origin or Original ( origo ) an off-spring , Pedegree or birth ; a Stock or kindred ; a beginning or fountain ; An Original is also the first , authentick , or true draught of a writing . Original sin . See Venial . Oriol ( oriolum ) the little waste room next the Hall in some Houses , and Monasteries , were some particular persons dined . Orison ( from the Fr. Oraison ) prayer ; also speech or communication . Ornomancy ( Gr. ) divination by the moving of birds . Orphean , belonging to Orpheus the Thracian Poet , who is feigned to have plaid so excellently on the Harp , that he drew Stones , Woods and Trees after him , &c. Hence , an Orphean Harp. Orque ( orca ) a Hulk or huge Ship ; Also a Sea-monster so called , enemy to the Whale . Orpiment Orpment ( auripigmentum ) a soft yellow kind of Arsenick , like Brimstone , found very deep in the earth ; commonly taken for Ratsbane . Orthodoxal Orthodox ( orthodoxus ) that hath a good or right opinion , faith● or belief . Orthodoxie ( orthodoxia ) the right opinion of faith . Orthogonal ( orthogonius ) that hath right or even corners . Orthographie ( orthographia ) the form of true writing , or the art of writing words truly ; As , to lose ( perdo ; ) to loose or unty ( solve . ) Lest ( as lest such a thing should happen ( ni , ) and least , as the least of all ( minimus ) &c. It is also a plat of building , drawn out with the figure or order of the whole work . Orthographize ( from orthographia ) to write or use true Orthographie . Ortive ( ortivus ) East , easterly ; as the Ortive Sun , the Sun rising . Osanna . See Hosanna . Oscillate ( oscillo ) to move the mouth , to bow down , to way or swing up and down . Oscian Play , was a light sport among the antient Romans , pleasing the peoples humors . Tacit. Oscines ( oscines , ab os & cano ) are those kind of birds , by whose chirping , singing o● voyces the Augures foretold things to come ; As the Crow , Pie , Chough , &c. Saepe sinistra cava praedixit ab ilice Cornix . Virg. To this kinde of Divination may be ascribed that old womanish observation with us , That when the Pie chatters , we shall have strangers . Oscitation ( oscitatio ) yawning or gaping ; negligence or idleness . Osculate ( osculo ) to kiss , to love heartily , to imbrace . Ossicle ( ossiculum ) a little bone . Ossifrage ( ossifraga ) a kind of Eagle , having so strong a Beak , that therewith she breaks bones , and is therefore called a bone-breaker or Ossifrage . Ossifragant ( ossifragus ) that breaketh bones . Ossuary ( ossuaria ) a shrine or like thing where bones are kept ; a Charnel house . Ostensional ( ostentionalis ) a Souldier attending the Prince in publique shews . Ostent ( ostentum ) every thing that comes against nature ; a monster , wonder or strange thing . Ostent ( ostentus , ab ostendo ) a pointing at , or mocking ; a telling , declaring or shewing . Ostentation ( ostentatio ) bragging , vaunting , shewing forth vain-glory , boasting . Ostentatitious ( ostentatitius ) set out for shew or vain-glory . Ostentiferous ( ostentifer ) that which brings monsters or strange sights . Ostiarie ( ostiarius ) an Officer to keep unworthy persons out of the Church , a Door-keeper . Ostomachie ( ostomachia ) a playing or fighting with bones . Ostracism ( ostracismus ) a kind of banishment among the Athenians for ten years , which was done by delivering a shell ( ostratos ) with the condemned persons name written in it ; it was used not so much to punish other offences , as to abate the immoderate power of Noblemen , and was ordained first by Clistenes , who for his labor was first condemned . Ostration ( from ostratos ) shelliness for being made of shells . Br. Ostriferous ( ostrifer ) that breeds or brings forth Oysters . Oswold ( Germ. ) House-Ruler or Steward ; for Wold in old English , and high Dutch is a Ruler ; but for this the Normans brought in Le Despencer , now Spencer . The holy life of St. Oswold King of Northumberland , who was incessantly in prayer , hath given much honor to this name . Otraqua , a kind of drink in the Mollucca's and Philipines that comes from a nut . Oval ( ovalis ) belonging to the triumph called Ovation ; also round-shaped like an egg . Ovation ( ovatio , ab ovo , as ) a smal triumph of a Prince or Captain for a Victory obtained without slaughter of men , in which he did either go on foot or ride on horseback with his Souldiers about him , singing or shouting for joy , and wearing on his head , a Garland of Myrtle . Tho. See Triumph . Ovation ( ovatio , ab ovum ) the season when hens lay eggs , or a laying of eggs . Ouch ( Sax. ) a kind of collar of gold , or such like ornament , which women did wear about their necks . It is mentioned An. 24. H. 8. c. 13. And is sometimes used for a Boss or button of gold . Chauc . Overt . See Loover . Oviarie ( oviaria ) a flock of sheep . Oviparous-Animals ( oviparae ) Birds , Beasts , or Fishes that breed by eggs or spawn . Ounce ( uncia ) twelve ounces make a pound weight Troy ; sixteen , a pound Averdupois ) twenty penny weight make an Ounce ; twenty four grains make a Penny weight ; twenty Mites make a Grain ; twenty four Droits make a Mite ; twenty Perits make a Droit ; twenty four Blanks make a Perit . Act of Parl. 1649.43 . Ourage ( Fr. ouvrage ) a work ; also work or labor . O●lawrie ( utlagaria ) is the loss or deprivation of the benefit belonging to a Subject , that is , of the Kings protection and the Realm . Bract. l. 3. tr . 2. c. 11. num . 1 , & 3. Foris facit utlagatus omnia quae pacis sunt . Owen ( Lat. Audoenus ) if it be the same with St. Owen of France . But the Britans will have it from old King Onous Father in Law to Hercules ; others , from Eugenius , i. noble , or well-born ; Certain it is the Country in Ireland called Ter-oen , is in Latin Records Terra Eugenii , and the ●ri● Priests know no Latin for their Oen but Eugenius , as Rothericus for Rocke . And Sir Owen Ogle in Latin Records ( as I am informed ) was written Eugenius Ogle . Cam. Oxgang of Land ( Bovala terrae ) six Ox-gangs of land seem to be so much as six Oxen will plough . Cromp. Iurisd . fol. 220. But an Ox-gang seems properly to be spoken of such as lies in Gainour . Old nat . br . fol. fol. 117. Mr. Skene de verbor . signif . verbo ( bovata terrae ) saith an Ox-gang of land should always contain thirteen Acres , and that four Oxen-gates extended to a pound land of old extent . Oxymel ( Gr. ) a Potion or syrrup made of honey , vinegar and water sod together , good to cut and cleanse gross flegmatick humors ; sometimes there are boyled certain roots and seeds with it , and then it is called Oxymel composi●um ; sometimes it made with honey , vinegar and the Sea Onion , and then it is named Oxymel Scylliticum , which also is of two sorts , to wit , simple and compound . See Dioscor . l. 1. c. 22. Galen l. 4. de sanit . tuend . Oxyporopolist ( oxyporopola ) he that sells meat in sharp sawce or syrrup . Oyer and Terminer ( audiendo & terminando ) in true French Oüir and Terminer ) is , in the intendment of our Law , a Commission especially granted to certain persons , for hearing and determining one or more causes . This was wont to be in use upon some sudden outrage or insurrection in any place . Crompt . Jurisd . fo . 131. See Assize . Oyes ( a corruption from the Fr. Oyez , i. hear ye ) and is used by Criers in our Courts of Law , when they make Proclamation of any thing . Ozena ( Gr. ) a disease or sore in the Nose , causing a stinking savour . P PAbular Pabulous ( pabularis ) pertaining to Fodder , Provender , Forrage , or meat for Beasts . Br. Pabulatory , the same . Pacal ( pacalis ) that brings or signifies peace , peaceable . Pacator ( Lat. ) a pacifier , asswager or quieter . Pace ( passus ) a pace in going , a step or stride ; of these there are two sorts , Passus minor vel simplex the measure of two feet and a half ; which is usually the distance from the toes of the fore-foot to the heels of the hinder foot . Passus major sive Geometricus , a Pace or fathom of five foot , and by this Pace , miles are measured . In some places they reckon three foot and an half to the Pace . Tho. Paciferous ( pacifer ) that brings peace and quietness . Pacification ( pacificatio ) a pleasing , peace-making , quieting or appeasing . Pacifiqu● Pacificatory ( pacificatorius ) of or belonging , or serving to make peace and quietness . Paction ( pactio ) an accord , bargain or agreement . That Truce , which in time of war is concluded upon and accepted of both sides for a certain limited space of time , is properly called Paction . Pactitious ( pactitius ) done by bargain , or upon condition or agreement . Pactolus , a River in Lydia , having sandy gravel like gold ; therefore feigned to have gold in its waters . Paddock ( from the Belg. Padde ) a Toad . Paean ( Gr. ) a hymn or song of praise made to Apollo , at such time as any plague or pestilence raged ; and also after the obtaining some victory or triumph , as Jo Paean ( Ovid ) an exclamation or outery uttering the joy which one hath by any prosperity or welfare . Paduen●ag● ( Fr. ) common of pasture in one or divers parishes . Cotg. Paganalian ( from Paganalia of or belonging to Wakes , Plough-mens Feasts , or Country Holy-days . Paganical ( paganicus ) pertaining to the Country , or to Villages . Paganism ( paganismus ) Heathenism , Gentilism , the religion or state of the Gentiles ; also the custom of Country men . Page ( pagina ) the side of a leaf in a book ; some confound folio and page ; when as a folio or leaf , properly comprehends two rages ; others cite a Book by folio's , when it is in a large volume ; and by pages , when in a small . Paginal ( from pagina ) of or belonging to a page . Paged , an Idol or false god among the East Indians , so called . Paillardise ( Fr. ) Lechery , Whoredom , Venery ; also villany , wickedness , any filthy or beashly humor . Paillardiz● ( Fr. paillarder ) to lecher , haunt Bawdy-houses , to commit Whoredom . Païsage ( Fr. ) Landskip , Country work See Landskip . Paladin ( Fr. ) a Knight of the round Table ; also a sort of Nobility in some Countries so called . Palate ( palatum ) the upper hollow part of the mouth , wherein the sence of tasting lies , as in the tongue . Palati●a● , pertaining , to or that pleaseth the palate . Palatinate , or County Palatine , is a principal County or Shire , having as it were the same authority , as the Palace or Kings Royal Court hath . Of these County Palatines there are four in England , viz. Lancaster , Chester , Durham and Ely. An ▪ 5 Eliz. 1. cap. 23. But An. 33. H. 8. ca. 10. mention is made of the County Palatine of Hexam . Vnde quaere . See Cassan de consuet . Burg. p. 14. Palatine ( Fr. Palatin ) a general or common appellation or title for such as have any special Office or Function in a Sovereign Princes Palace . This is the title of the Prince Elector Palatine of Trevers , and had its origen à magno Palatio Treverensi . Min. Palatine ( from palatum ) of or belonging to the Palat or roof of the mouth . Hence , Palatine letters are such as are pronounced by the help of the Palate , as G , T , R , &c. Palatine ( palatinus ) of or belonging to a Palace or Princes Court. It may also be taken for the Hill Palatinus in Rome , of which see Esquilinus . Paleated ( paleatus ) made or mingled with chaff , full of chaff or straw . Pale Matlle ( Fr. ) a game wherein a round bowle is with a Mallet struck through a high arch or iron ( standing at either end of an Alley ) which he that can do at the fewest blows , or at the number agreed on , wins . This Game was heretofore used at the Alley near St. Jameses , and vulgarly called Pel-Mell . Paleous ( from palea ) of or belonging to chaff , corn or straw . Br. Pales , a Goddess of the Shepherds . Palestrical ( palaestricus ) of or pertaining to wrestling , that useth or teacheth wrestling ; also that which is done decently , with comely gesture of the body . Palindromes ( Gr. ) are those sentences or verses , where the syllables are the same backward as forward . As a noble Lady in Queen Elizabeths days , being for a time forbidden the Court , for too much familiarity with a great Lord in favour , gave this Devise , the Moon covered with a cloud , and underneath this Palindrome for Motto , Ablata , at alba . Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor . And this in English , which is more difficult to compose ; Lewd did I live and evil I did dwel . Palingenesie ( palingenesia ) regeneration , new birth , or second nativity . Palinode Palinodie ( palinodia ) a recantation , a contrary song , an unsaying that one hath spoken or written , the sound of the retreat . Palizado ( Span Palizada , Fr. Palissade ) a defence or wall of Pales or Stakes , or the pointed Stakes in a Fortification , to hinder the enemies scaling the Work ; a term in War ; Also taken for great posts set up in the entry to a Camp , for a defence against great shot . Pall ( pallium ) a Mantle , such as the Knights of the Garter wear ; a long Garment or Robe which Philosophers wore . But it is most used for a Pontifical Vesture made of Lambs Wooll , in breadth not exceeding three fingers , and having two Labels hanging down before and behinde , which the Pope gives or sends to Archbishops and Metropolitans , and they at the Altar , wear it about their necks , above their other Ornaments . The Pall was first given to the Bishop of Ostia , by P. Marcus the second , An. 336. Also the velvet laid over a dead body is called the Pall. Palladion ( Spa. ) Lat. Palladium ) an Image of Pallas , which the Trojans fondly believed was sent to preserve their City and Estate , &c. which sottish belief St. Augustine ( lib. 9. de Civ . Dei ) very well reproved , when he said , The Trojans were keepers of the Palladion , but not the Palladion of the Trojans . However , this word is still used for a preservation or sure defence . Pallas , the Goddess of Wisdom , otherwise called Minerva , &c. In the Poetical story of Perseus staying Medusa , Pallas furnished him with a shield for that purpose , and with a Looking-glass ; Mercury with wings for his feet , Pluto with a Helmet , &c. see the Fable at large in L. Bacons Advancem . of Learning , fol. 120. Hence 't is we use Pallas shield , for a shield of Wisdom and Providence . For so his Lordship means when he says , In Wars the Shield of Pallas prevails more then the sword of Mars ; that is , wisdom and stratagems prevail more then down right blows . Palled ( Fr. palle ) pale ; also dead , without spirit . Bac. Palliardize . See Pailliardize . Palliate ( pallio ) to hide or cover , to conceal or cloak . Palliation ( palliatio ) a cloaking , covering , or hiding . Palliative , that cloaketh , covereth or concealeth ; as Chyrurgeons call that a Palliative cure , when a wound is healed outwardly , and festers underneath ; or where a shew onely is made of a perfect cure without searching to the root or cause of the disease . Pallid ( pallidus ) pale , bleak , sometimes yellowish , fearful , whitish . Pullification ( a term in Architecture ) piling of the ground plot . Sir H.W. Pallor ( Lat. ) a pale colour , paleness , wanness . Pallizado . See Palizado . Palmar ( palmaris ) pertaining to victory , or to a hand breadth , or to the palm of the hand . a Palm in measure ( palmus ) the breadth of a hand or four fingers , and this is called the minor Palm ; the Palm major is a span , or , according to some , a shaftment . Palm Sunday ( Dominica Palmarum ) the sixth Sunday in Lent , and the next before Easter ; so called because , on that day the people went to meet our Saviour with boughs of Palm and Olive branches in their hands , when he entred solemnly into Jerusalem , riding on an Ass . Palm Tree ( Palma ) is that which bears Dates , growing plentifully in the Holy Land ; Its branches were wont to be carried as a token of victory . — Palmaque nobilis Terrarū Dominos evehit ad Deos Hor. Od. 1. Because it naturally shoots upward , though oppressed with never so great weight , and its leaves never fall ; of this Tree there is male and female ; the male bears onely blossoms and no fruit , the female bears both ; but not unless the male grow by it . Palmer ( ferula ) a Feruler , so called , because in Schools the palms of Boyes hands are struck therewith ; It is also called a Palmatory from the Span. Palmatoria , which hath the same signification . Min. Palmer ( from the Span. Palméro ) a poor Pilgrim , that visits all holy places ; so called from a staff or boughes of Palm , which they were wont to carry with them . See Pilgrim . Palmer ( eruca ) a worm with many feet ; so called from the Palm tree , which it gnaws and eats ; a Caterpillar . Palmiferous ( palmifer ) bearing or yeelding Palm or Date Trees ; also victorious . Palmipedous ( palmipes , edis ) that hath a plain and flat foot ; Palmipedous birds , i.e. whole-footed , such are most water-sowl . Br. Palto●ster ( chiromantes ) a Diviner by the palm of the hand , one that tells the fortune of others by looking in their hands . Palmestry . See Chironantie . Palmeto Wine , is a sweet and pleasant juyce ( like Muscadine or Alicant ) coming from the Palmeto Tree in the Isle Mauritius . Herb. Tr. Palpation ( palpatio ) flattery , cogging , fair speaking , soothing . Palpitation ( palpitatio ) panting , beating often ; quick moving up and down , as the heart when it throbs . Pal●sgrave ( Belg. and Pfalizgraff Teut. from Palis or pfaliz , i. Palatium , and Grave or Graff , i. comes , Lat. Comes Palatinus ) the title of the Prince Elector Palatine of the Rheine . See Falatine and Archdapifer . Paludament ( paludamentum ) a Coat-armor or Horsemans coat , a Soldiers garment , an Heralds Coat of Arms. Among the antient Romans , it was a Military garment , worn by none but the Lord General or Chief Captains . Alex. Gen. Dier . lib. 5. cap. 18. Paludiferous ( paludifer ) that causeth a Fen or Marsh . Palumbine ( alumbinus ) of or belonging to a Wood-culver or Ring-dove . Pamphil● , a kind of great Boats in Italy , having 140 , or 160 Oars of a side . Pampination ( pampinatio ) a cutting or pulling off superfluous leaves and branches from Vines . Pampinean ( pampineus ) of or belonging to a young Vine , Branch , or Leaf , full of Vine-Branches . Pan , the god of Shepherds ; in Greek it signifies All. Panade ( Span. Panada or Empanada ; Fr. Panade ) a kind of meat made of crums of bread , and Currants boyled in water ; or ( as some will have it ) of grated Bread , Milk , Sugar and grated Cheese . Panage . See Paunage . Panatetus ( Gr. ) that contains all vertues . Silvester makes it the title of one of his Books , wherein he bewails the loss of Prince Henry . Panathenate , belonging to the Solemnity called Panathenaea , held at Athens , once every year , which was the less , and once every fifth year , which was the greater . Pancat● ( Fr. ) a paper containing all the particular rates of Tolls or Customs due to the French King ; Thus termed because commonly hung up in some publick place , either single or with a frame . Cotg. Panchaia , a sandy Country of Arabia , where is store of Frankincense . Hence Dubartas and others , use Panchaian Fumes for incense or sweet perfumes . So also Odor Panchaique for the smell of Arabian Frankincense . Pancratiast ( Gr. ) one that is skilful in wrestling , and other feats of activity . Pancratical ( pancraticus ) expert at all feats of activity , cunning at all kind of Games and Exercises , stout , like a wrestler . Br. Pandarism , the function or employment of a Pandar , which is to make or set lecherous matches ; Ruffianism , Baudery . Pandects ( pandectae , à 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. omne , & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , hale● ) Books which contain all matters , or comprehend all parts of the subject whereof they intreat ; or Books of divers Arguments . The Volume of the Civil Law called Digestes , is also called the Pandect . Pandiculation ( pandiculatio ) a gaping or stretching ones self with all his body , as they do that gape for , or come from sleep , or at the approach of an Ague . Pandor ( from the Belg. Pander , that is , he that takes a pawn or pledge : for the souls of such , as make use of him , are pawned into his hands , as to Asmodeus his Chamberlain ) a He-Baud . Pandora fained ( by Hesiedus ) to be the first woman , and made by Vulcan ; indued by all the gods , with several excellent gifts ; but afterwards by Jupiter , in displeasure sent to her Spouse Epimetheus , with a box full of all manner of miseries . Hence Pandora's Box is taken for misery , calamity , and the like . Pandurist ( panduristes ) he that plays on a musical instrument called a Rebech , or on a Violin . Panegyrick ( panegyricum ) a licentious kinde of speaking or oration , in the praise of Kings , or other great persons ; Also any Feast , Game or Solemnity exhibited , before the General Assembly of a whole Nation . Panegyrist ( Gr. ) a praiser or flatterer , one that writes in commendation of , &c. Panick fear ( panicum ) a sudden fear , wherewith one is dis-straught , and put beside his wit , coming without known cause . So taken from the god Pan , who had power to strike men with terrors . Panicle ( Dim . of panis ) a little Loaf . Panifice ( panificium ) the craft of baking or making Bread ; also Bread it self or a Loaf of Bread. Pannades ( Gr. ) the curvettings , prauncings or boundings of lusty Horses . Pannic●e ( panniculus , Dim . of pannus ) fine cloth , a little piece or gobbet of cloth . The fleshy Pannicle ( panniculus car●osus ) the fleshy membrane or skin , which lies next under the fat of the outward parts , and is the fourth covering that enwraps all the body from the head to the sole of the foot . Tho. Pannier ( Panarium , Fr. Panier ) a Bin , Hutch or place to keep Bread in , a Basket to carry bread in , a Dosser . Pannier-man , in the Inns of Court , is one whose Office is to blow the Horn for Dinner , and wait at the Barristers Table , and has the refuse bread and meat for his vails , which he collects in a Pannier or Basket. Pannonian ( from Pannonia ) of or belonging to the Country of Hungary . Bac. Panomphean ( from Panomphaeus , a name of Jupiter pertaining to Jupiter . Panop● ( panoplia ) compleat Harness . Armatura totum corpus militis tegens . Scap. Panoplique ( from panoplia ) compleatly armed , in compleat armor . Rel. Med. Panpharmacon ( Gr. ) a medicine for all diseases . Pansophy ( Gr. ) an all-discerning Wisdom , wisdom or knowledge in all things . Partagruelist ( Fr. ) a merry Greek , faithful drunkard , good fellow . Cot. Pantheology ( Gr. ) the whole sum of Divinity . Pantheon ( Gr. ) a Heathenish Temple of all the gods , in Rome ; after by Pope Boniface the Fourth , dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary , and all Saints . Pantherine ( pantherinus ) of a Panther , or spotted like a Panther ; this Beast hath a fair spotted skin , and is the female to the Libard . Pantomime Pantomimick ( pantomimus ) an Actor of many parts in one Play , one that can represent the gesture and counterfeit the speech of any man , a Dizzard or common Jester . Pantometrie ( Ga. ) a measuring of all kinde of quantities : It is the title and subject of a Mathematical Book , set forth by one Mr. Digs . Panurgy ( panurgia ) craftiness , subtilty , deceit , guile ; a medling in all matters . Papacy ( from Papa ) the Popedom ; the reign or dominion of the Pope . Papal ( papalis ) of or belonging to the Pope . Stephen Pasquier , in his Recherches de la France , observes that the word Papa , i. the Pope , comes from an old contraction of Pater Patriae , written thus Pa. Pa. as we have it in many Coyns . Papality ( papalitas ) the Popedom , the Dominion of the Pope , Popishness . Papaverous Papaverean ( papavereus ) of or belonging to Poppy or Chestoul . Papian Law ( Lex Papia , Poppoea ) a Law made , among the antient Romans , against single life ; that if any forbore from the privileges of Parents , and had no children , the people ( who was the common Father of all ) should inherit their goods . Tacit. Paphian ( paphius ) of or belonging to Paphos , a City of Cyprus , dedicated to Venus , and built by Paphus . Hence Paphos Archer is taken for Cupid ; Paphian fire or shot , for the fire or Arrows of Love. Papulosity ( papulositas ) fulness of pimples or blisters . Papyriferous ( papyrifer ) that bears or brings forth Paper , or the Rush Papyrus . Papyropolist ( papyropola ) a Seller of Paper . Parabien ( Span. ) a welcoming , a bidding of joy , a congratulation . Ariana . Parable ( parabola ) a resemblance , a parable , a similitude , or comparison . Parabolical , of or belonging to a Parable . Paracelsian , a Physician that follows the method of Paracelsus , and his manner of curing ; which was by exceeding strong oyls and waters extracted out of the natures of things . Bul. Paraclete ( paracletus ) an Advocate or Patron ; a comforter . The third person of the Blessed Trinity is most commonly so called in Scripture ; and Jesus Christ also , 1 Jo. 2.1 . Paraclyte ( paraclytus ) a man defamed , ill reported of ▪ that hath an ill name . Hence Paraclytical , that is defamed , or hath an ill name . Paracmastical ( paracmasticus ) pertaining to a kind of continual hot and burning feaver , wherein the heat , when it is at the greatest , by little and little diminisheth till it totally ceaseth . Parade ( Fr. ) an appearance or shew , a bravado or vaunting offer ; Also a term of War , and is commonly used for that appearance of Souldiers in a Garison about two or three of the clock in the afternoon , to hear prayers , and after that to receive Orders from the Major for the Watch and Guards next night . Paradigm ( paradigma ) an example of some ones fact and saying . Hence To Paradigmatiz , to bring or cite such examples , to draw the form or figure of a thing , or to exemplifie . Dr. Ham. Paradox ( paradoxum ) a wonderful and strange thing to hear , such as is contrary to the common opinion . Hence Paradoxal Paradoxical strange , odd , against common opinion , incredible . Paradoxology , a speaking by , or of Paradoxes . Br. Paradrome ( paradromis ) an open Gallery or Walk , that has no shelter over head . Paragogical , of or pertaining to the figure Paragoge , which is when a letter or syllable is added to the end of a word . Paragon ( Fr. ex par & ago ) a peerless one , the most compleat , most absolute in any kind whatsoever ; it is also used verbally , as to Paragon , to equal , match or compare with . Paragraph ( paragraphus ) a Pilcrow , whatsoever is comprehended in one sentence ; where the line is broken off ( which Printers call a Break ) there ends the Paragraph . Books are most commonly divided into Chapters , those into Sections , and Sections again into Paragraphs . Paralipomenon ( Gr. ) left out , not spoken or written of ; There are two books in the Old Testament so called , because many worthy Histories omitted in the books of Kings are there related . Paralels or Parallels ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. aequaliter distans ) lines running of an equal distance from each other , which can never meet , though they be drawn infinitely in length , thus _____ In Astronomy there are five such imagined lines , running circle-wise about the round compass of the Heavens . The first is the Aequinoctial Line , just in the middle of the World , between the two Poles . The second northward from the Aequinoctial , is the Tropick of Cancer , to which sign the Sun comes about the eleventh day of June . The third ( yet more northward ) is the northern Circle , within twenty three degrees and fifty minutes of the North Pole. The fourth Line is the Tropick of Capricorn , declining southward from the Aequinoctial , as much as the Tropick of Cancer doth northward , and to this Line the Sun comes about the twelfth of December . The fifth and last Line , is the Southern Circle , being as near the South Pole , as the Northern Circle ( before spoken of ) is to the North Pole. These Parallels are also called Aequidistants . There is another sort of Parallels ( two of which go to a Clime ) called Artificial Parallels , because they shew the differences of artificial days , &c. Heyl. To Parallel , to compare or match . Parallelogram ( parallelogrammus ) having lines every where a like distant , a long square . Paralogism ( paralogismus ) a deceitful conclusion , or captious reasoning , a manner of arguing , which seems true when it is not ; As in saying , He that affirms Peter to be a living creature , saith true ; He that affirms Peter to be a Bear , affirms him to be a living Creature . Therefore he that affirms Peter to be a Bear says true . To Paralogize , to reason captiously , argue deceitfully , conclude falsly . Br. Paralysis ( Gr. ) a resolution of the sinews , a depriving of the feeling or moving , or of both in any part of the body ; the Palsie . Paralytick ( paralyticus ) sick of the Palsie . Paraments , Robes of state , or the place where they are kept . Chauc . Paramount ( from the Fr. par , i. per , and mounter , i. ascendere ) is in our Law , the highest Lord of the Fee ; For there may be a Tenant to a Lord that holds over of another Lord ; the first of these is called Lord Mesn , the second Lord Paramount , &c. Paramor ( peramator ) a Lover , he or she , a Sweetheart . Paranymph ( Paranymphus ) an Orator , who a little before the Commencement of Doctors , &c. makes a publick Speech in commendation of their sufficiency ; also an overseer of a Wedding , a Bride-dresser ; or he or she that bears all the sway at the Bridal . Parapet ( Ital. Parapetto , q. propter pectus ) a Wall or Defence brest-high , on the upper part of a Rampier , to defend from the enemies shot . Paraph ( Fr. paraphe ) the flourish or peculiar knot or mark set unto , after , or instead of , a name in the signing a Deed or Letter , and generally any such graceful setting out of a mans hand or name in writing ; also a subsignature or signing under . Paraphonalia , is used in our Law , but in the Civil it is Paraphernalia , which are those goods a Wife brings her Husband , over and besides her Dowry or Marriage-money ; as , Furniture for her own Chamber , her own Apparel , and Jewels , if she be of quality ; all which she must have , and not the Executors of the Husband , &c. Shep. Fa. Counc . 122. Paraphrase ( paraphrasis ) a free manner of exposition or interpretation , wherein a man ties not himself to express every word as it lies in the Copy , but to explicate and adorn the matter more at large , or to abridge it , yet stil keeping the Authors sence . Any such Exposition is called a Paraphrase or Paraphrastical Exposition . Paraphrast ( paraphrastes ) a Paraphraser ; one that expounds a Text by other words then it is written in . Parasang ( parasanga ) a measure of ground , containing thirty Stades , i.e. three miles and three quarters of ours . Parasite ( parasitus ) a flatterer , a Trencher-friend , a smel-feast ; one that is full hanging on some rich man , feeding his humor with flattery , to the end to partake of his good Cheer . Hence Parasitical , pertaining to a Parasite . Those Plants or Supercrescences are called Parasitical plants , that live upon , the stock of others ( as Parasites do ) such are Misseltoe , Polypody , Moss , and others . Paratragediate ( paratragoedio ) to help to set forward a Tragedy ; to make a matter much worse , then indeed it is . Parature ( paratura ) the matter whereof any thing is made . Parcae , the three Ladies of destiny ; Clotho , Lachesis , and Atropos . The first bears a Distaff , the second spins the thred of mans life , the third cuts off the same thred , &c. with like fabulous stories . Parceners Parcinary See Coparceners . Parciloquy ( parciloquium ) a sparing or nigardly speech . Parcity ( parcitas ) scantness , nearness , niggardliness , thrift , frugality . Pard ( Pardus ) the Beast called a Libard . Pareasse ( Pareas ) a Serpent having to the greatness of his body , but a small head , yet such a wide mouth , that he is able to swallow a whole Pigeon , and as he creeps , makes a Furrow on the ground with his tail . Parellelisation , or rather Parallelisation , a making Parallels , or likes ; a comparison ; El. of Armories . Parellelogram . See Parallelogram . Parenetick ( paraeneticus ) containing such fatherly or Masterly admonitions or exhortations , as may not be gainsaid . Hence Parenetick ( paraenetica ) are taken for verses full of precepts or admonitions . Parent ( parens , à pareo ) obedient , dutiful , serviceable . Parental ( parentalis ) of or pertaining to our Ancestors or Parents . Parentation ( parentatio ) a celebrating Funerals or Obsequies , properly of parents . Parenthesis ( Gr. ) a word or clause , comprehended within another sentence , in such sort , that it may be left out , yet the sence still remain whole ; and is commonly enclosed with two half circles ( thus ) as in Virgil. Aeneas ( neque enim patriam consistere mentem Passus amor ) rapidum ad naves praemittit Achatem . P●rent●de ( parenticida ) he that murders his Father , Mother or dear Friend . Par●rg●●ergon or Parer●m ( Gr. ) Parergue Fr. ) an addition or acce●s ; a thing put unto , though no part of the matter , any thing that is beside the principal question , point or purpose in hand ; see Landskip . Pat● Marble , a sort of pure white Marble , had from the Isle Paros , and therefore so called . Pariation ( pariatio evenness of account , where , as much is laid out as received . Paricide ( Paricida ) a murtherer of his Father , Mother , or any of his near Kindred ; any hainous murtherer ; and ( from Paricidium ) it signifies the Act it self . Paricidal ( paricidalis ) belonging to such murder , cruel . Pa●ie●t ( pariens ) travelling with young , lying in travel , bringing forth young . Parilian Palilian Feasts ( parilia ) Feasts or Festival days dedicated to the goddess Pales for the preservation of Cattel . Parility ( parilitas ) likeness , evenness , equality , resemblance . Parish ( parochia ) a multitude of neighbors ( within a certain compass of ground ) pertaining to one Church . This Land was first divided into Parishes by Honorius , Archbishop of Canterbury , in the year of our Lord 637. Cam. Brit. Of these Parish Churches there are in England and Wales 9285. according to Speed. Parisyllable ( parisyllabus ) an equal syllable . Parisyllabical ( parisyllabicus ) that hath equal syllables ; those words are called Parisyllabical , which have no more syllables in one then another , as fama , mensa , &c. So likewise we say in Grammar , the first decle●sion of Nouns is Parisyllabique , because all the Cases of such Nouns in the singular number especially have even syllables , as Gemma , gemmae , gemmae , gemmam , gemma , gemma , &c. Parity ( paritas ) likeness , equality , evenness . Paritude , Pariture or Parture ( from pario ) a breeding or ingendring , the time of travail or deliverance of child or young . Parliament or Parlement ( Fr. q. Parler le ment ) or Parlament , from the Italian and Spanish Parlamento . With us it was antiently the Assembly of the King , and the three Estates of the Realm , viz. The Lords Spiritual , Temporal , and Commons , for debating matters touching the Commonwealth , and especially the making and correcting Laws ; which Assembly or Court is of all other the highest , and of greatest authority , as you may read in Sir Tho. Smith , de Republ. Angl. l. 2. c. 1 , 2. In France , those high Courts of Justice where mens causes and differences are publickly determined , without further Appeal , whereof there be eight , in eight capital Cities , viz. Paris , Grenoble , Tholose , Dyon , Roven , Aix , Rhemes , and Bourdeaux ) are called Sedentary Parliaments ; and their Assembly of States General is onely equivalent to our Parliament . Parmaceti , an excellent ointment ; so called either from Parma , a City of Italy , or from Sperma ceti , the seed of the Whale , a principal ingredient . Parmesan , a kind of excellent Cheese , made at or near Parma in Italy , and therefore so called : It is also sometime taken for an inhabitant of that Country . Parnassian , of or belonging to Parnassus , a Mountain in Greece , sacred to Apollo , and the Muses . Parochial ( parochialis ) of or pertaining to a Parish . Parole ( Fr. ) a word , a term ; also a speech or saying . Lease Parol , that is Lease per Parol , a Lease by word of mouth , not written . It is also a term of War , when a prisoner is permitted to go at liberty for procuring another Soldier , prisoner with the enemy , to be exchanged for him , or for raising such a ransom by a day agreed on , or upon any other occasion or agreement ; and in default , the prisoner gives his Parole , i. his word , to return ▪ during which time , we say , the prisoner is upon his Parole . Paronymous ( Gr. ) pertaining to words or terms that have denomination from the same thing , but differ in case or termination . Paroxysm ( paroxysmus ) the first coming , or the coming again of an ague , the fit or sharp assault of it . Parricide ; see Paricide . Parsimony ( parsimonia ) thriftiness , good-husbandry ; brevity or sparingness in the use of words . Parsimonious , sparing , frugal , thrifty . Partage ( Fr. ) Partition or parting ; a sharing or dividing . Parthenian ( parthenius ) belonging to virginity , or to a Maid . Parthian , belonging to Parthia , a Country in Assyria . Partiary ( partiarius ) a partaker , a follower , a copartner : It may also be used adjectively for partial , or that hath respect to persons . Hence To Partialize , to side , bandy , be partial or factious ; to take parts . Participate ( participo ) to give or take part , to be partaker , or of counsel . Particle ( particula ) a small part , a parcel , a portion , a member . Participle ( participium ) a part of speech among Grammarians , so called , because it participates both of the Noun and Verb ; any thing that partakes of another . Partion ( partio à pario ) a birth , a breeding , a lying in ; a laying of Eggs , a sitting on brood . Partitor ( Lat. ) a divider , a parter , a sharer out , a distributer . Partisan ( Fr. ) a partner , partaker , accessory , confederate , or adherent . Also Partisan ( from the Germ. Parthisan , or Fr. Pertuisáne ) a Leading staff , a weapon like an Halberd , a Javelin . Parturient ( parturiens ) the travelling or being in labor , with childe or young . Parvity ( parvitas ) smalness , littleness , slenderness , under-age , non-age . Pas a pas ( Fr. ) by little and little , by line and leasure , by degrees : Poco à Poco , as the Spaniard says , or Pian piano as the Italian . Pascage ( Fr. ) grazing , feeding or pasturing of Cattle . Pascal ( pascalis ) feeding here and there abroad , belonging to pasture . Pasche ( pascha ) a Passover , the Feast of Easter ; so named of ●oster , a Goddess of the old Saxons , whose Feast they kept in April . Cam. To find out Easter ▪ Post Martis nonas , ubi sit nova Luna requiras : Et cum transierit bis septima , Pascha patebit . Or thus : Inde dies Solis tertia Pascha venit . The Jewish Passover was a holy action ordained of God in the killing and eating a Lamb , partly to the end the Jewish Church might keep in memory the benefit which God did for them , in passing over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt , and smiting them not , Exod. 12.11 . Also to be a Type of Christ the true Paschal Lamb. See Moses and Aaron . p. 103. Verstegan says , Easter was by the old Saxons , called Oster , and at this present in Saxony Ostern , which comes from Oster-monat , their and our old name of April . Paschal ( paschalis ) of or belonging to the Passover or Easter . Pascuous ( pascuus ) serving for pasture , or for feeding , or grazing of Beasts . Pasquil or Pasquin , ( from the Italian Pasquino ) a Libel clapt on a Post or Image ; so called from Pasquil or Pasquin , an old Statue or Image in Rome , whereon Libels , Detractions , and Satyrical Invectives are fixed , and on him fathered as their Author : There is also in Rome , another old Statue called Morforeo , whereon they affix answers to those Pasquils . Passade ( Fr. ) an alms , benevolence , or entertainment given by , or to a Passenger : The manage of a Horse backward and forward . Passant ( Fr. ) passing , going ; it is a term in Heraldry , as when we say , a Lyon passant , that is , a Lyon drawn , as if he were going or passing along Pase-port ( Fr. q. passe par tout ) a Pass or safe-conduct . See Safe-conduct . Passibility ( passibilitas ) suffering , or ableness to suffer . Pass●e ( passus , à patior ) which hath suffered , endured , sustained . Passover . See Pasche . Pastern ( talus ) the ankle or huckle-bone of a Beasts foot . Pastilicate ( pastilico ) to make in form of little round Balls , to minister Pills . Pastinate ( pastino ) to delve or dig in a garden . Pastoral Pastoritions ( pastoralis ) belonging to a Shepherd or Pastor , Shepherdly , Rural . A Pastoral ( pastorale carmen ) a song of Herdsmen or Shepherds . Pasturable , which may be turned into , or put unto pasture , which may be fed on . Pasvolant ( Fr. Passe volant ) the Artillery called a Base ; but most commonly a hireling whom a Captain on muster-days , foisteth into his company ; and generally any such Skipjack or base-fellow . Patart , a Low Country coyn worth a Sol tournois , or the Stiver , five wherof amount to six pence sterling . Patavinity ( patavinitas ) the property of , or relation to , the City Padua . Livy was censured by Asinius for Patavinity in his writings , by which was meant that he had too much used the phrases or affectations of Padua , and neglected those of Rome ; or ( as others will have it ) that the flourishing verdure , or overflowing of his stile was in some sort agreeable to the fertility and redundancy of the soyl of that City and Country . Patefaction ( patefactio ) a declaring , discovering , or making manifest , an opening , a Declaration . Patelin ( Fr. ) a Cogger , Colloquer , flatterer , soother , cousener , pratler . Paten ( from the Fr. Patin , Br. Pattyr , or rather from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. calco , because t is always trod upon ) a kinde of Wooden-shoo with an iron bottom , well known ; see Patin . Patent ( patens ) open discovered or uncovered appearing , manifest . Letters Patents ( Litterae patentes ) Writings sealed with the Broad Seal of England , whereby a man is authorised to do or enjoy any thing , that otherwise of himself he could not , Anno 19. Hen. 7. cap. 7. And so termed , because they are Patentes , viz. open , with the Seal hanging ready to be shewed for confirmation of the Authority given by them . The Kings Letters Patents are called Letters Patents Royal , for difference ; because common persons may grant Patents , or Letters Patents , &c. Fitz. nat . br . fol. 35. E. 2. Hen. 6. cap. 10. Patency ( patentia ) a lying open , or uncovered . Pater-guardian , a Father-guardian ; a title given to the chief of the Franciscan Friers in their monasteries . Paternal ( paternus ) of or belonging to a Father , fatherly . Pathetical ( patheticus ) passionate , perswasive , that moves affection . Pathologie ( Gr. ) that part of Physick which intreats of the causes , qualities , and differences of diseases . Pathologists ( Gr. ) writers on the diseases and symptomes incident to the body of man. Dr. Charl. Pathologick , pertaining to Pathologie . Patible ( patibilis ) that may be suffered or endured . Patibulated ( patibulatus ) hanged on a Gibbet , Gallows or Cross . Patin ( patina ) a kind of large Vessel , wherein they both sod meat and brought it to the Table ; a great Platter , a Charger , a Bason to wash in . Also the little Hat Sawcer or Plate used by Priests with the Chalice at Mass . Patration ( patratio ) the finishing and perfecting a thing ; a doing or making it . Patriark ( patriarcha ) a chief Father , or the first Father of a Family or Nation , in which sence the Jews reckoned Abraham , Isaac and Jacob. It is also a principal dignity in the Church whereof there were antiently five , as of Rome , Constantinople , Alexandria , Jerusalem , and Antioch . Patriarchal , of or belonging to a Patriarch . Patriarchate Patriarchy ( patriarchatus ) the dignity and estate of a Patriarck , a Patriarkship . Patriciate ( patriciatus ) the dignity and estate of them that descend of Senators . Patricide ( patricida ) a murtherer of his Father , near Cousen , or dear friend . Patricide ( patricidium ) the murthering of ones Father . Patricians ( patricii ) those in Rome that descended of the Race of Senators , whose Fathers and Ancestors bore that Office , the sons of Senators . Hence the name of Patrick , given originally to those , who could cite their Fathers as men of honor . Cam. Patrimonial ( patrimonialis ) of or belonging to the inheritance , goods , or Patrimony , left by a Father to his Children . Patrizare ( patrizo , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) to resemble his Father , to do as his Father did , to be the Fathers own childe in condition . Patrocinate ( patrocinor ) to defend those that are poor and falsely accused , to uphold , bear out , and maintain ones right and quarrel . Liberty of Prophecying . Patronal ( patronalis ) of or belonging to a Patron , Advocate or Defender ; done in remembrance of a Patron . Patronymical ( patronymicus ) derived from the Fathers or Ancestors name . Patulicate ( patulico ) to be opened , or made wide . Pauciloquent ( pauciloquus ) that speaketh little . Paucitie ( paucitas ) small number , fewness , brevity . Pa●efie ( pavefacio ) to make afraid , to fright . Pavice ( from the Ital. Pavése ) a great large Shield , or Target , that covers the whole body . Sir Tho. More . Pavid ( pavidus ) fearful , timerous , quaking , starting . Pavidity ( paviditas ) dread , fear , timerousness . Pavillion ( Lat. Papilio , Fr. Pavillon ) a Tent for war , a Tabernacle . Pavin ( Fr. Paváne ) a kind of Dance ; perhaps so called à pavienda terra , of paving the ground . Min. Paul ( Hebr. ) wonderful , or rest ; But the learned Baronius drawing it from the Latin , makes it little or humble . Cam. Paunage ( from the Fr. panage or pasnage ) signifies , in our Common Law , the money taken by the Agistors for feeding Hogs with the Mast of the Kings Forest . Cromp. Juris . fol. 165. Agistment ( says Manwood ) is properly the common of herbage of any kind of ground , Land or Woods , or the money due for the same ; and Pawnage is most properly the Mast of the Woods or Hedgerowes , or the money arising by it . Mr. Skene calls it Pannagium , and defines it to be the Duty given to the King for the pasturage of Swine in the Forest . Pavoisade ( Fr. ) any Target-fence , that of Galleys , whereby the slaves are defended from the small shot of the enemy . Cot. Pavonine ( pavoninus ) of or belonging to a Peacock or a Peahen . Pavor ( Lat. ) great fear and dread . Pausade ( Fr. ) a pausing , resting , or reposing ; also a resting seat or place . Pearch or Perche ( pertica Fr. perche ) a Rod or Pole whereby land is measured , the most usual contains sixteen foot and a half in length ; whereof forty in length , and four in breadth make an Acre of ground . Cromp. jurisd fol. 222. But in several Countries they are of several lengths , as in Staffordshire twenty four foot ; in the Forrest of Sherwood twenty five foot . See more in Skene . Verbo Partica ta terrae . Pearl , the least Character for Printing ; see Character . Peccadillo ( Span. Fr. peccadille ) a little crime , a small fault , a venial sin . Peccaminous ( from peccamen , inis ) full of sins . Peccator ( Lat. ) a sinner or offender . Pec●a●t ( from pecco ) I have sinned , offended or done amiss . Pecorous ( pecorosus ) full of Cattel , or where many Cattel are . Pectn●s ( from pecten , a comb ) Dr. Br useth it for such fish , whose ribs are straight , as Soals , Thornback , Flounders , &c. because their back-bone and ribs do in some sort resemble a comb . Pectinate ( pectino ) to kemb , to harrow corn , while it is in grass , to rake corn together . P●ctoral ( pectorale ) a brest-plate or defence for the brest , a Peitrel , Poitrel , or Stomacher . In Physick it signifies a Lozenge or Medicine , good for the stomack . Pectoral ( pectoralis ) that belongs to the Brest or stomack . Pecuarious ( pecuarius serving for , or belonging to Beasts or Cattel . Peculator ( Lat. ) that robs the Prince or common Treasure . Peculiar ( peculiaris ) private , proper , ones own , particular , pertaining to some one . Peculiate ( peculio ) to punish by the purse , to take away a mans goods ; also to enrich . Pecuniary ( pecuniarius ) pertaining to money . The Heathens say , the Impress of a sheep was stamped on their first coyn , and from thence their money was called pecunia , from pecus . Greg. Pedage ( pedagium ) signifies money given for the passing , by foot or horse , through a Forest or other place Shep. Epit. Pedagogue ( paedagogus ) a bringer up of children , a Tutor , Scoolmaster , Pedant . Pedagogism , the office of a Pedagogue . P●dal ( pedalis ) of a foot , measure or space . Pedality ( pedalitas ) ableness of foot ; a measuring by or going on foot . Pedaneous ( pedaneus ) that goes on foot . Pedant ( Fr. ) an ordinary Schoolmaster , a Teacher of A , B , C. Pedanteries ( Fr. ) pedantick humors , phrase affectings , Inkhorn terms . Br. Pedantism ( Fr. ) the Office or function of a Pedant . Pedition ( pedatio ) a staking , propping or setting up vines . Pedatur● ( pedatura ) a proportion of digging , building , &c. of so many foot assigned to Souldiers or workmen . Pedee ( from pes ) a ( Commanders ) Foot-boy . Pederastie ( paederastia ) the loving of young boys , commonly taken in the ill part , as signifying the abuse of them against kind . Pedestal ( pedestella ) the foot or basis to support a pillar or any peece of work : a footstal , a stirrop . Pedestrial ( from pedester ) that goeth on foot , belonging to the foot . P●diculous ( pediculosus ) lowsie , or full of lice . Pedid ( paedidus ) filthy , sluttish , slinking . Pedicle ( pediculus ) a little foot ; also the stalk of a leaf , or any fruit . Pedo-Baptism ( paedo-baptismus ) the baptizing of Children ; Infant-baptism . Pedomancy ( Gr. ) a kind of divination by the lines of the soles of the feet . Pedor ( paedor ) sluttishness , uncleanness ; stink and filthiness in such as are in , or come out of Prisons . Pedatribe ( paedotriba ) an instructer of children , teaching them how to exercise their bodies , and to make them fair and strong . Peer ( Fr. pierre ) seems properly to be a Fortress made against the force of the sea , for the better securing ships that lie at Harbor in any Haven ; so is the Peer of Dover described in Cam. Brit. p 259. You shall read the word often in Sands Travels , and comes from Petra ; because of the congestion of great stones , to the raising up of such a Pile . Peers ( pares ) equals ; also the House of Lords in Parliament , was otherwise called the House of Peers , and their condition and dignity , Peerage , which word may also signifie an Imposition for maintenance of a Sea-Peer . Pegasus ( Gr. ) a winged horse , a Post . Hence Pegasean , is used for swift or speedy . Feltham . Pejerate ( pejero ) to forswear , not to do that he hath sworn to do . Pejorate ( pejoro ) to impair , to make or grow worse . Peitrel ; see Pectoral . Pelagi●ns , an antient sort of Hereticks , who ( among other damnable Tenets ) taught that man of his own free-will might without the Grace of God , keep the Commandments , and merit eternal life , &c. This Heresie took name from Pelagius its first brocher , and was condemned by a general Council held in the Island of Malta , by P. Innocent the first , at which St. Austin was present , and 214 Bishops . Pelagick ( pelagicus ) of the Sea , or that lives in the Sea. Pelion and Ossa two high mountains in Thessaly , we say proverbially , to mount Pelion upon Ossa , when we use our utmost endeavor to overcome any difficulty ; or attempt an impossibility . Pell●cator ( Lat. ) a deceiver with fair words . Pelliculation ( pelliculatio ) a deceiving with fair words , an alluring . Pellicie ( dim . of pellis ) a little Skin , Hide , Fell , or Pelt , a small or thin rhind . Pellucid ( pellucidus ) clear , shining , bright , that may be seen or discerned thorow . Pe●-M●l ( Fr. Pesle Mesle ) confusedly , hand over head , all on a heap , one with another . Peltif●rous ( peltifer ) that wears or bears a Target like a half moon . Pelusian Foar● , used by Dubartas for the great River Nilus in Egypt ; and is taken from Pelusium , one of the mouthes of that River . Penarious ( penarius ) of or belonging to provision for victuals . Pendent ( pendens ) hanging , bending , depending , uncertain what to do . Pe●diloches ( Fr. ) jags , danglings , or things that hang danglingly ; with Jewellers they are the lowest part of jewels which hang in that manner . Pendulosity ( pendulositas ) the hanging state of a thing ; ambiguity , doubtfulness . Br. Pendulous ( pendulus ) that hangeth or stoopeth ; also doubtful , staggering . Pen●ian W●l● Tempé , a most pleasant valley in Thessaly , on the Verge of the River Peneus , and therefore so called . Penelope ( Gr. ) the name of the most patient , constant and chast Wife of Vlysses , which was given her , for that she carefully loved and fed those birds with purple necks called Penelopes . Cam. Penetrab●lity ( from penetro ) ability to pierce or penetrate , power which nothing can resist . Penetrable ( penetrabilis ) that may pierce or be pierced , or penetrated . Pen●s● ( peninsula ) quasi , pe●e● insula , almost an Island ) is a tract of land , which being almost encompassed by water is joyned to the firm , land by some little Isthmus , narrow place or entrance ; as that vast Continent of Peru and Brasile in America were an Island , but for that strait or neck of land , between Panama and Nombre de Dios. Penitencer Penitenciary ( from penitentia ) the Priest , &c. that enjoyns the offender his penance . Penitentiary is sometimes taken for that place in Rome , where certain Priests , indued with faculties to absolve from reserved cases are appointed to sit , ready to hear the Confessions of those that from sundry places repair to them for that purpose . Penitentiary Priests , or Priests of the Penitentiary , are those that belong to the aforesaid place , over whom there is one stiled Chief Penitentiary , who for the most part , if not always , is one of the Cardinals , who admits and gives faculties to the rest . Penitential ( penitentialis ) very penitent , most sorrowful or repentant ; The seven Penitential Psalms of David , are so called , because they are very efficacious in moving sinful souls to repentance . Pennigerous ( penniger ) feathered , winged , bearing or having wings and feathers . Pennant , a rope to hoise up the boat , or heavy Merchandize aboard a ship . Pennipotent ( pennipotens ) mighty in flying , strong of wing , well winged or feathered . Penon ( Fr pennon ) a Flag , Banner or Streamer born in war. We read this A. 11. R 2. ca. 1. A term in Heraldry . Penoncels , little Penons . Pensitate ( pensito ) to weigh , ponder , consider , pay , and recompence often . Pentas ( Gr. ) the five , the cinque ; a word much used in composition ; as Pentagamist ( Gr. ) one that hath had five wives . Penta●lottical ( from pentas and glottos , lingua ) that hath five Tongues , or is skilled in five several Languages . Pentagon ( pentagonus ) any thing that hath five corners , a Pentangle . Pentahedrical ( Gr. ) that has five sides . Pentam●ter ( Gr. ) a verse consisting of five feet : In the first part it hath two feet either Dactyles or Spondees , with a long syllable ; In the later part also two feet , but always Dactyles , and a long syllable , As Res est solliciti plena timoris amor . Pe●taptotes ( pentaptota ) nouns declined onely by five Cases . Pentarck ( pentarchus ) a Captain of five men . Pentastick ( pentastichus ) that consists of five verses ; also a Porch having five rowes of Pillars . Pentateuch ( pentateuchus ) a volume of five Books ; the five Books of Moses , viz. Genesis , Exodus , Leviticus , Numeri , & Deuteronomi , so called . Pentecontarck ( pentecontarchus ) a Captain of Fifty men . Pentecost ( Gr. Pentecoste , i. the fifteenth ) the Feast of Pentecost or Whitsontide , so called because it is the fiftieth day from the Resurrection of Jesus Christ ; see Whitsonday . And for the nature of this Feast among the a●ient Hebrews , see Moses and Aaron , p. 115. Pentireme ( pentiremes ) a Galley that has five Oars in a seat or rank , or a Galley wherein every Oar hath five men to draw it ; see Quinquereme . Penulator ( Lat. ) a Furrier . Penurious ( from penuria ) extreme needy and necessitous , that wants all necessaries . Peplographi ( peplographia ) the description of the vail , called Peplum , which was an embroidered Vesture or hood to cover the head , now used for a kercher , worn especially by women , going to be churched . Tho. P●ptick ( pepticus ) that comforts the stomack , and helps it to digest the meat in it , concoctive , digestive . P●r , the Preposition , being compounded with another word , renders it more powerful and efficacious ; as Amo , to love ; put ( per ) to it , and it signifies to love throughly or perfectly . Valid is valiant or strong ; pervalid , very valiant , &c. Which being premonished , the Reader , knowing the simple words , will easily understand the compound , and so save a labour of repeating them . Peraction ( peractio ) an accomplishing , performing , ending or dispatching . Peragration ( peragratio ) a going about , a travelling over , a wandring through . Peragration moneth ; see in Moneth . Perambulate ( perambulo ) to go or walk through , about , or over and over . Perarate ( peraro ) to till all through , to ear over and over , to plough or make furrows all over . Pe●ch ; see Pearch . Perceptible ( from percipio ) perceivable , apprehensible , takable , receivable . Percival , is thought at first to have been a sirname , and after ( as many other a Christen name , fetched from Percheval , a place in Normandy . One by allusion made it , Per se valens . Cam. P●rcontation ( percontatio ) an enquiring , searching , demanding or questioning . Percolation ( percolatio ) a straining through or out . Percruc●ate ( percrucio ) to torment greatly , to vex throughly . Percullis , the name of an Office of one of the Pursuivants at Arms ; see Harold . Pe●cussion ( percussio ) a striking , beating or hitting . Perdition ( perditio ) destruction , losing . Perduction ( perductio ) a bringing , or leading through . Perdu ( Fr. ) lost , perished , forlorn , past hope of recovery , cast away . Hence Perdues ( enfans perdues ) the Forlorn-hope of a Camp , which are commonly Gentlemen of Companies , and are so called , because they are given for lost men , in respect of the danger of their service . Perdu●llion or Perduellism ( perduellio ) treason against the King and Country . Peregrination ( peregrinatio ) going or being abroad in a far or strange Country ; a pilgrimage , a voyage . Peregrine ( peregrinus ) strange , out-landish ; a stranger or alien : 'T is sometime used for a mans Christen name , as Peregrina for a womans . Perendinate ( perendino ) to put off for a day , or till the next day after to morrow . Perennity ( perennitas ) continuance , long-lasting , perpetuity , eternity . Perenticide ( perenticida à pera ) a Cut-purse ; alluding to Parenticide . Perfidy ( perfidia ) falshood against promise or trust , untruth , disloyalty , false-dealing , trea●on . Perflatio ( perflatio ) a flowing vehemently or strongly , a blowing quite through . Perforate ( perforo ) to pierce or make a hole through to bore through , as with a Piercer ; to thrust into . Perfretation ( perfretatio ) a passing over , or through the Sea. Perfriction ( perfrictio , à perfrico ) a rubbing or chafing hard or throughly . Perfriction ( perfrictio , à perfrigeo ) a great , through , or quaking cold , a shivering for cold , which goes before the Fit. Perfunction ( perfunctio● a doing or enduring a thing to the end , an accomplishing or finishing a matter . Perfunctor● ( perfunct●us ) that which is done on● for a fashion or neglig● or which passeth lightly ● way . Perfusion ( perfusio ) a shedding upon , or a pouring all over , a wetting through . Pergamenous ( from pergamena ) of or belonging to , or full of , Parchment or Velum ; so called from Pergamus a City in Anatolia , where Parchment was invented . Pergraphical ( pergraphicus ) very cunningly made or done , artificial , workman-like . Pericardian , belonging to the Perichard , which is a membrane or thin skin , involving the whole heart , like a case . Periclitancy Periclitation ( periclitatio ) a proving , adventuring , trying , jeoparding , or putting in hazard . Pericranion ( Gr. ) the skin compassing and covering all the skul ; the hairy scalp . For Peri in Greek , signifies about , and cranion , a skul Perigee ( perigaeum ) that point of the Heaven , wherein the Sun or any other Planet , is nearest the centre of the earth , being the opposite point to the Apogee . Perillus Bull. See Phalaris . Perimeter ( Gr. ) above measure ; a verse that has a syllable above measure ; the utmost line of any solid body , the Compass or bounding Tract . Perioch ( periocha ) a brief argument , containing the sum of a whole matter or discourse . Period ( periodus ) the term of time , wherein any thing is finished ; an end , the end of a perfect sentence , marked commonly with a full point thus ( . ) See Semi-colon . Periodical ( periodicus ) ended , finished , concluded ; also that goes or comes by course or fits . An Ague is called a Periodical disease , because it keeps a just time of its return . Peripatetical ( peripateticus , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. ambulo ) that disputes or teaches walking , as Aristotle did ; from whence he and his Schollars were called Peripateticks . Periphelium ( Gr. peripheli●u ) is that point , wherein the Earth , or any other Planet is least distant from the Sun. Periphery ( peripheria ) a circumference , a carrying or going about ; the crooked line wherewith a circle is bounded , or compassed ●n . Periphrase ( peripirasis ) circumlocution ; one word expressed by many . Periphrastical ( periphrasticus ) that which is spoken by many words , and may be said by fewer . Peripneumonical ( peripneumonicus ) sick of a Peripneumony , which is an inflammation or imposthume of the Lungs , with a shortness of breath , and a redness of the Cheeks . Dub. Periscians ( periscii ) that have their shadows cast round about them ; as those that dwel in the cold Zones ; for to them the Sun , after it is once risen , goes round about their Horizon , and so casts the shadows round , as it were Spokes in a wheel . Tho. Perissology ( perissologia ) superfluous speaking . Peristat●ick ( Gr. ) that hath the force or power to strain , gripe , or press together . Among Physitians it is commonly applied to the quibling motion of the Guts . Galen . Perit , a certain smal weight . See Ounce . Permagies , a sort of little Boats among the Turks . Sands . Permeant ( permeans ) going over , passing through . Permiscible ( permiscibilis ) which may be mingled . Permissible ( permissibilis ) which may be permitted or suffered . Perner . See Pernor . Perniciable ( perniciabilis ) bringing destruction , causing death , mortal , dangerous . Pernicious ( perniciosus ) deadly , mortal , dangerous , causing death . Pernicity ( pernicitas ) swiftness , quickness , nimbleness . Pernoctation ( pernoctatio ) a tarrying or lodging out all night . Pernor of profits ( from the Fr prendre , i. to take ) signifies ( in our Law ) him that takes the profits . A. 1. H. 7. c. 1. Peroration ( peroratio ) the conclusion or last part of an Oration , wherein the affections of the hearers are chiefly moved . Perpend ( perpendo ) to examine or consider diligently ; to weigh a matter throughly . Perpenders , or Perpent stones , stones made just as thick as a wall , and shewing their smoothed ends on either side thereof . Perpendicular ( perpendicularis ) that is directly downright . Perpendicle ( perpendiculum ) a plumb line , such as Carpenters have with lead at the end . Perpensation ( perpensatio ) a due weighing and examining . Perpession ( perpessio ) an enduring , suffering or abiding . Perpetra● ( perpetro ) to do , make , commit or atchieve . Perpetuat● ( perpetuo ) to continue a thing on without ceasing , to abide for ever , to make everlasting . Perpetuity ( perpetuitas ) everlastingness , continuance , eternity , endlesness . Perplexable ( perplexabilis ) doubtful , ambiguous ; hard to conceive and understand . Perplexity ( perplexitas ) doubt , intricacy , incertainty . Perplication ( perpli●atio ) a folding to and fro . Perquisite ( perquisitum ) signifies in Bracton any thing purchased , as Perquisitum facere , lib. 2. ca. 30. num . 3. and lib. 4. cap. 22. Perquisites of Courts are those profits , that accrew to the Lord of a Mannor , by vertue of his Court Baron , over and above the certain and yearly rents of his Land , as Fines for Copy-Holds , Waifs , Estraies , and such like . Perquisitor ( Lat. ) an enquirer or diligent searcher . Perreptation ( perreptatio ) a creeping into every corner , a diligent searching . Perscrutator ( Lat. ) a Searcher , a Commissary or Harbinger in War to provide victuals . Perseverance ( perseverantia ) a fixed abiding in a thing reasonable , constancy , stoutness . Perside ( persideo ) to sit by , to abide still . Personality ( personalitas ) the being in person . Also in in our Law an Action is said to be in the personality , when t is brought against the right person , or when the Action is properly personal , not real or mixt . Personate ( persono ) to sound out , or perfectly , to make a great noise ; But Personato ( from persona ) is more commonly taken to represent the person of another . P●rspective ( from perspicio ) the Art of advantaging the sight by the help of glasses and other contrivances . Perspicacy Perspicacity ( perspicacia ) quickness of sight , understanding , or perceiving a thing , ready apprehension . Perspicience ( perspicientia ) perfect knowledge , full perceiving a thing . Perspicuity ( perspicuitas ) clearness , plainness , properly in words and sentences . Perspirable ( from perspiro ) that may , or is able to breath through . Br. Perspiration ( perspiratio ) a breathing through ; It is , as it were , a breathing or vaporing of the whole body through the skin . Bac. Perstringe ( perstringo ) to wring hard , to touch a thing sharply in speaking , or writing , &c. Also to deceive . Perterebrate ( perterebro ) to pierce or bore thorow with a wimble . Pertical ( perticalis ) belonging to a Perch or Pole. Pertinacy ( pertinacia ) obstinacy , stubbornness , stiffness in opinion ; sometimes it is taken in the good part for perseverance , constancy . Pertinge● ( pertingens ) extending , reaching , or joyning near unto . Pertingency , a reaching or joyning near unto . Pervade ( pervado ) to go and enter over all , through or into ; to scape or pass through or by . Dr. Charl. Pervagation ( pervagatio ) a straying up and down , a wandring through or about . Perversity ( perversitas ) maliciousness of nature , where we do overthwartly that we ought not to do , frowardness . Pervert ( perverto ) to overthwart , to turn upside down ; to subvert , corrupt , destroy . A Pervert , one that is turned from good to evil ; as Convert is the contrary . Pervicacy ( pervicacia ) obstinacy , ●teadiness , stiffneckedness ; sometimes perseverance , constancy . Pervise ( pervisum ) a Bar ; also a conference in former time called the Pervis among the young Councellors , Pleaders , Attorneys , or Students of the Law , such as at this day might resemble the course in the Inns of Court , or Chancery , called Moots and Bolts , wherein the form of pleading and arguing a case is exercised ; for so doth Fortescu ( chap. 51. ) commending those Laws , prove , when he saith , That , after the Judges were risen at eleven of the clock , from hearing Causes at Westminster , Placitantes tunc se divertunt ad Pervisum , & alibi consulentes cum Servientibus ad legem & aliis Conciliariis suis . Pervious ( pervius ) that may be gone in or through , that is easie to be passed over or through . Perwick or Perwig ( from the Belg. Perru●ck , or Fr. perrúque , i. a tuff or lock of hair ) a cap of false or counterfeit hair . Peruvians , people of Peru in the West Indies , so called . Pessary ( pessus ) is made of soft wool , in form of a finger , and is a kind of suppository for the secret parts of women . Br. Pessundate ( pessundo ) to tread or cast under feet , to put down , or to the worst , to cast to the ground , as a horse doth his rider . Pestarable Wares , seem to be such Wares , as pester and take up much room in a ship . An. 32. H. 8. c 14. Pestiferous ( pestifer ) deadly , unwholesome , that brings death , pestilence and destruction . Petalism ( petalismus from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 1. a leaf ) a kinde of banishment for five years among the Siracusians ; practised by writing the parties name , whom they would be rid of , in an Olive leaf , as at Athens they wrote upon shells . Petard or Petarre ( Fr. petart ) an Engin of War made like a Bell or Morter , wherewith strong Gates are burst open . Petaurist ( petaurista ) a Dancer on the Ropes , a Tumbler , a runner upon Lines . Petauristick , pertaining to tumbling , vaulting or dancing upon Ropes . Peter ( Gr. ) for which the French use Pierre , and our Ancestors used Pierce ) a name of high esteem among Christians , since our Saviour named Simon the son of Jona , Cephas ; which is Syriack , and by interpretation a [ stone ] John 1.42 . But fool-wisely have some Peters called themselves Pierius . Cam. St. Peter ad vincula ; see Gule of August . Peter-pence ( Denarii sancti Petri ) otherwise called in the Saxon tongue Rome-feo● , i. the fee of Rome , or due to Rome , and also Rome-scot and Rome-penning ) was a tribute given by Ina King of the West-Saxons , being in pilgrimage at Rome about the year of our Lord 626. which was a penny for every Chimney that smoaked in England . Lamberds Explication of Saxon words , verbo , Nummus . Whom see also fol. 128. in St Edw. Laws , num . 10. See also King Edgars Laws , fol. 78. c. 4. Stow in his Annals , p. 76. saith , He that had thirty penny worth of Goods of one kind in his house of his own proper , was to give a penny at Lammas yearly ; see Rome-scot . Petitory ( petitorius ) belonging to a Petition , or request . Petrel ; see Pectoral . Petrification ( petrificatio ) a making stony , a turning into stone ; also a disease in the eye and eye-lids . Petrifie ( from Petra ) to make become stonish , or of a hard nature . Br. Petrobrusiany , a sort of Hereticks that held Christians ought not to keep or observe Feasts , &c. Petrol ( petroleum ) a kind of Marle or Chaulky Clay , or rather a substance strained out of the natural Bitumen : It is for the most part white , but sometimes black , and being once set on fire can hardly be quenched ; see Napthe . Petronel ( Fr. petrinal ) a horsemans peece , first used in the Pyrenean Mountains , which was hanged at the Brest ready to shoot . Petti-fogger ( from the Fr. petite , and Belg. Foken vel F●yken , i. convasare ) a silly Advocate , a petty Attorney or Lawyer , or rather a Trouble-Town , having neither Law nor Conscience . Petty Sergeanty , a tenure of Land holden of the King by yielding him a Buckler , Arrow , Bow , or such like ; see Capite . Petty Treason ( Fr : petit Trahison ) Treason in a lesser or lower kinde . If a Servant kill his Master , a Wife her Husband , a Secular or Religious man his Prelate , these are Petit Treasons , An. 25. Edw. 3. cap. 2. Whereof see more in Stawnf . Pl. Cr. l. 1. c. 2. Cromp. J. of Peace f. 2. For the punishment of Petit Treason , see An. 22. H. 8. cap. 14. Petulanc● ( petulantia ) wantonness , malepertness , impudency , reproachful speaking . Petulant ( petulans ) wanton , dishonest , reproachful , fawcy . Pexi●y ( pexitas ) the long roughness of the Web. P●oe●omenon ( Gr. ) an appearance either in Heaven or in the Air. Sir H. Wotton . Phag●denick ( phagaedenicus ) that hath or pertains to a kind of Pock or running Cancer ▪ which frets through the skin , and eats the flesh . Phalanx ( Lat. ) a military Squadron consisting of eight thousand footmen , set in such array , that they might encounter with their enemies foot to foot , man to man , shield to shield . Polybius l. 5. says the Phalanx contained above twenty thousand ; but these numbers still altered . Phalangarians ( phalangarii ) Souldiers of the Army Phalanx . Phalangeary Phalangeous of or pertaining to Phalanx . Br. Phalaris Bull : Phalaris was a Tyrant of Sicily , who tormented Perillus , the Artificer first in the brasen Bull , he made for the destruction and torture of others , whereupon aptly Ovid , — nec enim lex justior ulla , Quam necis artifices arte perire sua . So this Bull is applied to those that make a rod for themselves . Phalerated ( phaleratus ) trapped , or dressed with Trappings , as horses use to be . Phalusick Verse ( phaluceum carmen ) a verse consisting of eleven Syllables , viz. a Dactyle , a Spondee , and three Trochee's . ¯ ˘ ˘ , ¯ ¯ , ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ ¯ ˘ . Phanatick or Phantick , ( phanaticus ) that hath vain visions ; a crack-brain , one deluded with fond apprehensisions ; see Fanatick . Phantasie ( phantasia ) the image of things conceived in the mind , a Vision , Representation , Imagination , Fancy . Phantasm ( phantasma , the French say phantosm ) a vain vision , or false representation . Phantosm ( saith Suidas ) is an imagination of things , which are not indeed , and doth proceed of the sences being corrupted . Phare ( pharus or pharos ) a Tower or high place by the Sea coast , wherein were continually lights and fires , which served Seamen to see the Haven , and the safest entrance ; a sea-mark . Pharetriferous ( pharetrifer ) that bears a Quiver of Arrows . Pharisaism or Pharaisism , the religion or profession of the Pharisees ; Hypocrisie . Feltham . Pharisee , a Sect of Jews , professing more holiness then the common sort , they held contrary opinions to the Saduces , and wore Phylacteries , or Scroles of parchment bound about their heads , wherein were written the Ten Commandments , vainly so interpreting that of Deut. 6.8 . Movebuntur super oculos tuos ; they owe their name to the Hebr. phares or pharesk , i. seperare , explicare , as being both Interpreters of the Law , and Separatists ( by their feigned devotion ) from the rest of the Jewish Church . Mat. 5.20 . Luk. 18.11 . See Moses and Aaron p. 36 , and 45. Pharmaceutick ( from pharmaceutice ) pertaining to that part of Physick , that cures with medicines . Pharmaceutie or Pharmacy ( pharmaceutice ) that part of Physick which cureth with Medicines or Drugs ; or it is an Art , shewing the way ; 1. To select . 2. To prepare . 3. To mix medicaments . Renodaeus . Pharmacopolist ( pharmacopola ) a seller of Medicines , an Apothecary . Pharmaceutical Pharmatical ( from pharmacum ) of or pertaining to Medicines or Drugs , or curing by them . Phenix . See Phoenix . Phasm ( phasma ) a horrible vision or light . Dr. Ham. Pheon , a term in Heraldry ; and signifies the head of a dart , or arrow . Phial . See Vial. Philadelphia ( Gr. ) a womans name , and signifies brotherly or sisterly love . And lovers of brothers or sisters ' , are called Philadelphians . Philanthropie ( philanthropia ) a loving of men , or mankind ; humanity . Philanthropal , full of love to mankind . Philargyrous ( Gr. ) covetous , greedy after silver . Philautie ( philautia ) self-love , self-liking . Philibert ( Germ. ) a proper name for a man , signifying much bright fame , or very bright and famous , as Polyphemus in Greek . Rhenanus . Philip ( Gr. ) a lover of horses ; also a valiant , hardy , or warlike person . Philippicks ( philippica ) invectives ; so called from Demosthenes biting Orations against Philip K. of Macedon . Philippick fields ( campi Philippici ) are those that lye near the City Philippolis in Macedonia , built by Philip Alexanders Father , famous for the Roman Civil Wars , there decided in two Battels ; the first between Caesar and Pompey , the other between Augustus and Mark Anthony , against Brutus and Cassius . Philippus , a coyn of gold worth about three shillings sterling . Also a coyn of silver worth four shillings . Philyrian Scout , used for the sign Sagittarius in Dubartas ; perhaps from the leathern Quiver or Case he carries on his back to hold his arrows ; Philyra signifying a thin skin or parchment . Phillis ( Gr. a womans name ) and signifies lovely , as Amie in French. Philodespot ( philodespetus ) he that loves his Master . Philologer ( philologus ) a man given to study , a lover of learning , talk , or communication . Philologie ( philologia ) love of learning , study , or talk . Philomathy ( philomathia ) the love or desire of learning . Philomel ( philomela ) a Nightingale . Philomusus ( Gr. ) a lover of the Muses or of learning . Philopolite ( philopolites ) a lover of his Country or City . Philosophaster ( Lat. ) a smatterer in Philosophy ; a counterfeit philosopher . Philosophy ( philosophia ) the love or desire of wisdom ; a deep knowledge in the nature of things ; there are three different kinds of it . 1. Rational Philosophie , including Grammar , Logick , and Rhetorick ; and this dives into the subtilty of disputations and discourse . 2. Natural Philosophie , searching into the obscurity of natures secrets , containing besides , Arithmetick , Musick , Geometry , and Astronomy . 3. Moral Philosophie , which consists in the knowledge and practise of civility and good behavior . Philosopher ( philosophus ) is he who takes denomination from Philosophy , as a Musician from Musick ; a lover or studier of wisdom . Philosophical ( philosophicus ) pertaining to philosophy . Philostorgie ( philostorgia ) the love of parents towards their children . Philotimie ( philotimia ) love of honor . Philtre ( philtrum ) an amorous potion ; a love-procuring drink or medicine ; also the hollowness or gutter in the upper lip under the nostrils . Philtre-charmed , i. inchanted with love potions . Dub. Phlebotomie ( phlebotomia ) the cutting a vein to let blood . Physicians ( as 't is written ) learned this practise first of a beast called Hyppopotamus , living in the River Nylus , and being of a ravenous nature , therefore often over-charged with much eating , is wont to seek in the banks for some sharp stub of a Reed , upon which pricking his leg , he thereby easeth his full body ; stopping the bleeding afterwards with mud . Phlegeton , a River in Hell , that always burns . Phlegmatick ( phlegmaticus ) belonging to an humor in man , cold and moist ; full of , or subject unto Flegm . Phlegmon ( phlegmone ) an inflammation of blood ; a swelling against nature being hot and red . P●oebus , Apollo , or the Sun ; Phoebe , Diana , or the Moon . Phoenix ( Lat. ) the rarest bird in the world , and is commonly described thus ; There was never any but one of this kind living at once ; and that onely in Arabia , of the bigness of an Eagle , of a purple colour , having a bright coller of gold about his neck , a goodly fair tail , and a tuft of feathers upon his head ; he liveth above 600 years , and being old builds him a nest of Cinnamon , and the twigs of Frankincense , which he fills with spices , and then with the laboring of his wings in the Sun , setting it on fire , is there consumed ; out of whose ashes there grows a worm , and of the worm another Phoenix ; This , I say , is the common received opinion , as you may see in Tacitus , and other Authors ; but Dr. Br. in his Vul. Err. makes question whether there be any such Animal in nature , whom you may read at large upon this subject ; fol. 131. Phospher ( phosphorus ) the day-star . Phrenetick ( phreneticus ) that hath the Frenzie ( which is the chiefest and greatest mischief that can come to the brain ) frantick . P●rygian ( phrygius ) pertaining to Phrygia , a Country in the lesser Asia , bounding upon Caria , Lydia , &c. A Ph●ygian Garment ( phrygia vestis ) is a Garment wrought with needle-work , or made of cloth of Baudkin . Phrygian wisdom is taken for After-wit ; According to Ne serò sapias , sic sapuere Phryges . Phthisick ( phthisicus ) an ( incurable ) ulceration of the Lungs , accompanied with a consumption of the whole body ; the cough of the Lungs ; a consuming sickness . Phylacist ( phylacista ) the keeper of a Prison . Phylactitians , certain Sorcerers , who were condemned in the year 6 2. for a kind of Magick , relating in some sort to Phylacteries . Moses and Aaron , p. 44. Phylactery ( phylacterium ) a place where any thing is kept , a preservative against poyson , and fascination . Also a Scrole or Frontlet of Parchment , having the commandments of God written in it , which the Pharisees wore about their heads and arms . Also a thread or band of blew silk in the fringes of a garment , by the beholding whereof the memory of Gods Precepts was kept and preserved . Deut. 6.8 . Matth. 23.5 see Pharisee , and see Dr. Ham. Annotat. fol. 121. Phylark ( phylarchus ) the chief over a Tribe , a Ruler of the people . Physiark ( physiarcha ) the Governor of nature , God Almighty . Physick . See Medicine . Physicks ( physica ) books treating of Physick or natural phylosophy . Physi●n ( Physicus ) The sence of this word in the common acceptation is wel known , yet we vulgarly abuse it , for a Leech or Medicus , but not altogether intolerably , because 't is a trite and true saying , That ubi desini● Philosophus , incipit medicus , where the Naturalist ( for there the word Philosopher stands for a Physiologer ) ends , there the Medicus begins : So , as if an expert Leech , must needs be skil'd in the Physicks Plagiarian Law ( plagiaria lex ) a Law made against those men , &c. Plaint ( Fr. ) a complaint , moan or lamentation ; in our Common Law it is used for the propounding any action personal or real in writing . So it is used in Brook. tit . Plaint in Assize ; and the party making this Plaint is called Plaintiff . Kitch . fol. 231. Planet ( planeta whereof there are seven ; bearing the names of seven several Deities , which you may remember in their order by this verse . Post SIM , SUM sequitur , ultima Luna subest . Would you count the Planets soon , Remember Sim , Sum , and the Moon . The first letter S. for Saturn , J. for Jupiter , M. for Mars , S. the Sun , V. Venus , M. Mercury , lastly , the Moon ; They are also called wandering Stars ; because they never keep one certain place in the Firmament . Planetary ( planetarius ) a caster of Nativities , becau●e the Planets are said to have some power over earthly Bodies . Planetary Planetick of or belonging to a Planet . Planiloquent ( planiloquus ) that speaks his mind plainly and freely . Planimetry ( Gr. ) the measuring of Planes , as board , glass , or any flat thing . Planisphere ( planispherium ) a plain Sphere ; or a sphere projected in plano ; as an Astrolabe . Plantigerous ( plantiger ) that beareth Plants or Graffs . Plasmator ( Lat. ) a Potter , or maker of earthen Images . Plasmature ( plasmatura ) the forming or making any thing of earth . Plastique ( plastice ) the craft of working and making things in earth . Plastique is not only under-Sculpture , but indeed very Sculpture it self ; with this difference , that the Plasterer makes his figures by addition , and the Carver by substraction . Sir Hen. Wotton . Plastick ( plasticus ) pertaining to that craft . Plastography ( plastographia ) a counterfeiting or false writing . Platanine ( plataninus ) belonging to a Plane tree . Plateasm ( plateasmus ) a fault in speech , when it is over-broad and full . Platonick love , is a love abstracted from all corporeal , gross impression and sensual appetite , and consists in contemplation , and Idaea's of the mind , not in any carnal fruition ; or it is a love of friendship , without any admixture of sensuality . So called from Plato the Divine Philosopher . Platonical year ( annus platonicus ) is every 36000th year , when some Philosophers imagin'd , all persons and things should return to the same state as now they are . Platonist , a Philosopher of the Sect of Plato . Plaudite ( from plaudo ) clap ye hands for joy , is the literal signification ; but it is often used substantively in the same sence . Plau●ible ( plausibilis ) received favorably , with joy and clapping hands , acceptable . Plausidical ( plausidicus ) that speaketh plausibly , eloquent . Plausor ( Lat. ) that claps his hands in token of joy , or in giving praise . Plea ( placitum ) signifies in our Common Law , that which either party ( but most commonly the Defendant ) alleadgeth for himself in Court , &c. Pleb●ian ( plebeius ) of or pertaining to the common people , poor , base , of little value , of the common sort . Plebeity ( plebeitas ) the commonalty , vulgar people . Plebicolist ( plebicola ) a favorer of the common people . P●ebiscite ( plebiscitum ) a Law , Statute or Ordinance , made onely by the consent of the people without the Senate . Pledge ( from the Fr. pleige ) a surety or gage . To pledge one drinking , had its original thus ; when the Danes bore sway in this Land , if a Native did drink , they would sometimes stab him with a Dagger or Knife ; Hereupon people would not drink in company unless some one present would be their pledge or surety , that they should receive no hurt , whilst they were in their draught ; Hence that usual phrase , I le pledge you , or be a pledge for you . Others affirm the true sence of the word was , that if the party drunk unto was not disposed to drink himself , he would put another for a pledge to do it for him , else the party who began would take it ill . Pleget or Splege ( splenium ) a long plaister of cloth or leather ; a linnen cloth dipped in any water , to wash or lay to a sore place . P●eiedes ( Gr. ) the seven stars that appear in a cluster about mid-heaven . Plenary ( from plenus ) full , ample , large ; wealthy , abundant . Plenarty , is an abstract of the adjective plenus ; and is used by our common Lawyers in matters of Benefices ; wherin plenarty and vacation are meerly contrary . Stawnf . Praerog . cap. 8. fol. 32. West . 2. ca. 5. An. 13. Ed. 1. Plenilunary ( from plenilunium ) of or pertaining to the new Moon . Br. Plen●otentiaries ( from plenus and potentia ) Ambassadors or Commissioners , that have full power and authority from their King , or those by whom they are sent , to treat and conclude with an enemy or other person upon all or such points as are contained in their Commission , &c. Plenitude ( plenitudo ) fulness , solidity , thickness , grosness . Pleonasm ( pleonasmus ) a figure whereby something superfluous is added . Hence , Pleonasmick , superfluous , redundant . Plero●horie ( Gr. ) a fulness or perfection of any thing ; by some , especially appropriated to knowledge or perswasion . Plethorical or Plethorick ( plethoricus ) fat , corpulent , over full of humors , or good juyce . Plethorical state of the body , is when it being full of blood and other humors needs evacuation . Pleurisie ( pleuritis ) a disease , when the inward skin of the ribs in mans body is inflamed with too much blood , flowing unnaturally to it ; In this disease there is a difficulty to fetch breath , a cough , a continual Ague , and a pricking pain about the Ribs . Pleuritick ( pleuriticus ) that hath or is subject to the Pleurisie . Plicature ( plicatura ) a folding or plaiting . Plo●ket ( Ann. 1. R. 3. ca. 2. ) is a kind of woollen cloth . Plottons ( a term of war ) are small divisions ; every Plotton being eight in front , led off by a Captain , and every division after him led up by a sufficient Officer . Barif . p. 172. Plumage ( Fr. ) Feathers , or a bunch of feathers ; also pluming as a Hawk doth upon a Pinio● , where there is more feathers then meat . Plumassery ( from pluma ) a plume or bunch of feathers . Plumbagin ( plumbago , inis ) pure lead , turned almost into ashes by the vehemency of the fire ; This is the artificial Plumbagin , and comes of lead put into a furnace with Gold or Silver Oar , to make them melt the sooner ( by which employment it gains some part in the worth of those mettals ; ) There is also a natural or mineral Plumbagin , which ( as Matthiolus thinks ) is no other then Silver mingled with Lead , Stone , or Oar. Cot. Plumbean Plumbeous ( plumbeus ) of the colour and property of lead ; leaden ; also dull , blunt . Plumigerous ( plumiger ) that beareth feathers . Plumosity ( plumositas ) fulness of feathers . Plunder ( from the Germ. plu●deren ) to rob , spoil or take away by force , as Souldiers do in time of war. This word was first known in England in the year 1642. Plurality ( pluralitas ) mereness , more then one . Plural Pluralitive ( pluralis ) that contains many . Plurifarious ( plurifarius ) of divers fashions . Pluto , the God of Hell and Riches , The Helmet of Pluto is said to have had power to make men invisible Pluvial ( pluvialis ) of rain , like to rain , rainy , waterish . Pluvio●s ( pluviosus ) very rainy , full of rain , that hath much rain . Pneumatical ( pneumaticus ) spiritual , windy . Pneumaticks ( from pneuma ) books treating of Spirits or the winds . Pneumology ( Gr. ) a speaking or treating of spirits or winds . Pocilla●or ( Lat. ) he that waiteth on a great persons cup , a Cup-bearer . Poco a poco ( Spa. ) by little and little , by degrees ; see Pian Piano . Poculent ( poculentus ) all things that may be drunk . Podagrical ( podagricus ) that hath the gout in the feet , gouty footed . Podemetry ( Gr. ) foot measure , or a measuring by the foot . Podestate ( Ital. podesta ) a man of power ; a Judge in Civil causes ; a Governor or Magistrate ; In most of the Cities under the State of Venice there is a Podesta , who represents the Senate , and executes their power . Poesi● ( poesis ) a Poets work , Poetry ; there are six sorts of Poesie ; the Heroick Poem Narrative is called an Epique Poem ; the Heroick Poem Dramatique , is Tragedy ; the Scommatick Narrative , is Satyre ; Drammatick , is Comedy ; the Pastoral Narrative , is called simply Pastoral ( anciently Bucolique ) the same Dramatique , Pastoral Comedy . The figure therefore of an Epique Poem , and of a Tragedy ought to be the same ; for that they differ no more , but that they are pronounced by one or many persons . Mr. Hobbs . Poetaster ( Fr. Poetastre ) a counterfeit or ignorant Poet ; an unlearned fellow , that pesters the world with idle vanities . Poitrel . See Pectoral . Polar or Polary ( polaris ) belonging to the Pole. The Polar Circle , is that Circle which is described by the Pole of the Zodiack , being carried about the Pole of the world . Polarity , the likeness , or belongingness of a thing to the Pole. sicks ( that is in those speculations , which concern the works of nature ) the nearest word to fall with our tongue , yet not far from the thing , was Physitian , for Medicus could not well brook any flexion among us . El. Ar. Phisiognomer Physiognomist ( physiognomon ) one that professeth to know the manners and natures of some men , by the view of their body , eyes , face , and forehead . Physiognomy ( and by contraction Physnomy , Physiognomia ) an Art , which discovers the dispositions of the mind by the lineaments and features of the body . And sometimes the feature is called Physiognomy . Physiology ( physiologia ) a searching out natural things ; a reasoning of the nature of any thing ; also Anatomizing Physick , or that part of Physick , which treats of the composition or structure of mans body . Cot. Physiologer ( physiologus ) he that searcheth out , or disputes of natural things , a natural Philosopher . Piacle ( piaculum ) a Sacrifice , and all other things that are done , and given for the purging and satisfaction of some grievous sin and offence ; also the offence it self . Piacular Piaculous ( piacularis ) serving for the purging of , or that hath power to purge , some faults or offences ; also that portends some sorrowful thing . Pia mater ( Lat. ) the inmost skin which incloseth the brain round about , the Gaul or film of the Brain . Pian piano ( Ital. ) in the same sence the Spaniard says , Poco à poco , the Fr. Pas à pas , and we in English , By little and little , soft and fair . Piation ( piatio ) a sacrificing or purging by Sacrifice . Piazz● ( Ital. ) a Market-place or chief street ; such is that in Covent-Garden , which the vulgar corruptly call the P. H , The close Walks are not o properly the Piazza , as the ground inclosed within the Rail . Note , when two z's happen together in Italian , the first is pronounced as t ; so we truly pronounce it Piatza . Picards or Picardites ( Picardi ) people of Picardy in France are said to have first got that name of their great and most accustomed use of Pikes . Also a sort of Hereticks ( so called from one Picardus ) that held the same opinions , or little differing from the Adamites . To Picardize , to speak or do like a Picard . Pickadil ( à Belg. Pickedillekens , i.e. Lacinia . Teut. Pickedel ) the round hem , or the several divisions set together about the skirt of a Garment , or other thing ; also a kind of stiff collar , made in fashion of a Band. That famous Ordinary near St James called Pickadilly , took denomination from this , that one Higgins a Taylor , who built it , got most of his Estate by Picadilles , which in the last age were much in fashion . Pic●gu● ( Fr. ) by the pronunciation of this word in France , Aliens were discerned from the native French. As Shibboleth among the Hebrews , Judges 12.6 . So likewise ( in Sands his Travels , fol 239. ) you may read how the Genoese were distinguished from the Venetians , by naming a sheep . And in our own History , the Flemings ( in Wat Tylers Rebellion ) were distinguished from English by pronouncing Bread and Cheese , &c. Stows Survey , fol. 51. Pickage ( piccagium ) is money paid in Fairs for breaking the ground to set up Booths or standings . Pic●r alias Pitle ( seems to come from the Italian , piccolo or picciolo i. parvus , minutus ) signifies with us a little small Close or Inclosure . Picou●ro● ( Fr. ) a little Pike , a Javelin or Dart. Pictor ( Lat. ) a Painter or Colourer . Pictorical , Pictorian or Pictural ( pictorius ) of or belonging to a Picture ; garnished , painted , gaily or trimly set forth . Br. Pigment ( pigmentum ) womens painting colour ; also the figures and colours of Rhetorick ; guile or deceit . Pignera●e ( pignero ) to lay a gage or mortgage ; also to take in pawn , as the Usurer doth for security . Pigneratitious ( pigneratitius ) that which is laid in pledge , or pertaining to gage . Pigrit●de ( pigritudo ) slothfulness , idleness . Pilaster ( Fr. pilastre ) a small Pillar ( Vetruvius , lib. 5. cap. 1. ) Also the inflamation or swelling of the Vvula , grown thereby all of a bigness . Pilcro● ; see Paragraph , Pi●rim ( peregrinus ) one that travels into strange Countreys , commonly taken for him that goes in devotion to any holy place ; a Pilgrim and a Palmer differeth thus ; the Pilgrim had some dwelling place , the Palmer none : The Pilgrim travelled to some certain place , the Palmer to all , and not to any one in particular ; The Pilgrim might go at his own charge , the Palmer must profess wilful poverty ; The Pilgrim might give over his profession , the Palmer must be constant , till he had obtained the Palm ; that is , victory over his spiritual enemies , and life , by death Chauc . Pilla●e , a kind of ordinanary meat among the Turks ▪ which is no other then Rice sod with the fat of Mutton . Pilosity ( pilositas ) hairiness , roughness . Bac. Pilot ( Ital. Pilóta ) a Steersman , he that directs the course of a ship ; the Belgick call him a Lootsman ; see Lodemenage . Pilotage or Pilotism , the Office or art of a Pilot , the skilful guiding or conduct of a ship . Pimplea● , from Pimplea , a Fount in Macedon , sacred to the Muses , and is therefore often used as an Epithete for them . Pin , as , he is in a merry Pin ; it was an antient kind of Dutch artificial drunkenness , the cup commonly of wood , had a pin about the middle of it , and he was accounted the man , who could nick the pin , by drinking even to it , whereas to go above or beneath was a forfeiture . This devise was of old the cause of so much debauchery in England , that one of the constitutions of a Synod held at Westminster in the year 1102. was to this effect ; That Priests should not go to publick Drinkings , nec ad Pinnas bibant , nor drink at Pins . Pinguefie ( pinguefacio ) to make fat or gross ; some have used pinguedinize in the same sence . Pinguedinous ( pinguedinosus ) that is fat , gross , rude or unweildy . Piniferous ( pinifer ) which beareth Pine-trees , Pinnigerous ( pinniger ) that hath fins ; finned like a fish . Pinsor ( Lat. ) that brayes or stamps in a Morter ; a Baker . Pirules , two small Tablets in the Alhidada of an Astrolabe , having in them two little holes , through which the height of the Sun ▪ &c. is taken ; some call them the sights of the Alhidada . Cot. Pioner or Pionor ( from the Fr. Pionni●r ) a laborer in an Army , used to cast trenches or undermine Forts . Ann. 2 , 3. Ed. 6. cap. 20. Pipation ( pipatio ) a cry of one that weeps . Pipe ( Fr. ) a measure of Wine or Oyl , containing half a Tun , that is One hundred twenty and six Gallons . An. 1. R. 3. cap. 13. Piepowders Court or a Pourt of Pypoudre ( from the Fr. pied , a foot , and pouldreux , dusty ) is a Court held in Fairs for the redress of all disorders committed there ; which because they are most frequented in Summer ; the word was given of the dusty feet of the comers . Of this see Cromp. Juris . fol. 221. Piquant ( Fr. ) pricking , sharp , piercing , stinging , nipping . Mr. Montagu in his Miscel . Piqueron ; see Picqueron . Piquy ; see Character . Piramid ; see in Py — Piratical ( piraticus ) of or belonging to a Pirate or Robber on the Sea , Pirate-like . Piromantie ; see in Py — Pirenean , of or pertaining to the fountain Pirene at the foot of the mountain Acrocorinthus , fained to have been made by the horse Pegasus , dashing his foot against a rock . Piscary ( piscaria ) a fish-market , or place where fish are . Piscary , in our Common Law signifies a liberty of fishing in another mans waters . Piscation ( piscatio ) a fishing . Dr. Br. Piscicle ( pisciculus ) a little fish . Piscinal ( piscinalis ) of or belonging to a Fish-Pond . Pisculent ( pisculentus ) full of fishes , or that may be fished . Piss●spha● ( pissasphalium ) Pitch mingled with Bitumen , either by accident or art ; the former is much the better , and comes from Apollonia in Epi●s , where it first received that mixture . Co● . P●ssu●m●st , or the Stone , is a disease in a Horse , when he would fain stale but cannot at all ; and therefore may well be called the suppression of the Urine . Markham . Pistac●oes ( pistachia ) a kind of small nuts called Pistake nuts that grow in Syria , and are sold by Apothecaries ; The word in the Persian tongue signifies small nuts . Pistrius ( pistrina ) a Bake-house , a Mill or grinding house . Pistick ( pisticus ) pressed , or bruised . Pistillation ( from pistillum ) a pounding or braying with a Pestil in a Mortar . Pistorical or pistorian ( pistoricus ) belonging to a Baker , baking or Pastry . Pithian Games . See Pyth. Pituitous ( pituitosus ) full of flegm , flegmatick ; waterish . Br. Pix ; see Pyx . Placable ( placabilis ) easie to be pleased or appeased , soon qualified . Placability ( placibilitas ) when a person is easie to be appeased or pacified , gentleness . Placard ( Fr. plaquard ) an Inscription set up ; a Table wherein Laws , Orders , &c. are written and hung up ; also a Bill or Libel set upon a post . In our Common Law it is taken for a licence , whereby a man is permitted to maintain unlawful Games . 2 , & 3 ●h . and Mar. ca. 7. Placidity ( placiditas ) quietness , peaceableness . Placid ( placidus ) gentle , patient , milde , peaceable . Placit ( placitum ) a firm consent or opinion ; a Decree or Ordinance . Plagiary ( plagiarius ) one that steals or takes free people out of one Country and sells them in another for slaves ; a stealer or suborner of mens children or servants , for the same or like purpose , ( in which sense we term him a Slockster ) also a Book-stealer or book thief , one that fathers other mens works upon himself . Cot. a Court kept in Haven Towns ; as Swainmot in the Forest . It is sometimes called the Portmoot Court. An. 43. Eliz. 15. Portsale . Ann. 35 H. 8. cap. 7.1 . sale of fish presently upon return in the Haven . Among the antient Romans , those things were rightly sold in Portsale , which were publickly sold Per Praeconem sub hasta . i. by the Cryer , under a Spear sticked up for that purpose , and some Magistrate making good the sale by delivery of the goods , which were sold to him , who would bid most for them . Sigonius . Posade ( Fr. ) a lighting down of Birds , a laying down a burthen , a breathing , pause , resting or resting place , from the Span. Posada , an Inn. Pose , a Physical term , signifying a rheume or humor , which falls into the Nose , stopping the Nostrils , and hindering the voyce . Possessive ( possessivus ) pertaining to possession or property . Posterganeous ( posterganeus ) belonging to the backside or hinder part of the body . Posteriority ( posterioritas ) the being or coming after , or behinde . It is a word of comparison and relation in tenure , the correlative whereof is priority ; for a man holding Lands or Tenements of two Lords , holds of his antienter Lord by priority , and of his latter by posteriority . Stawnf . Praerog . fol. 10.11 . Posthume ( posthumus ) a childe born after the Fathers death ; and by Metaphor , a Book published after the Authors death . It is sometimes used for a mans Christen name . Posthumian ( postumus ) following or to come , that shall be . Postick ( posticus ) that dwels on the backside , that is behinde us . Postil ( postillum ) a short exposition upon the Gospel , wherein more is observed , then hath been by others ; so called from these words Postillos dies , which are very frequent in holy Writ . Postulon ( Fr ) he that rides upon the sixth Coach-horse ; a guide or Post-boy . Postlimintage ( postliminium ) a return of one who was thought to be dead , and so restored to his house , not by going over the threshold , but by making a hole in the wall ; a Law whereby one recovers again that was lost in war , or taken from him by any unlawful means . Postliminious ( from Postliminium ) pertaining to Postliminiage . Postmeridian ( postmeridianus ) done in the afternoon . Postnate ( postnatus ) born after ; taken substantively , it may be the same with Posthume . Postpone or Postpose ( postpono ) to set behinde , to esteem less , to omit or leave . Postposure ( from postpono ) a setting behinde or esteeming less . Mr. Montagu . Postriduan ( postriduanus ) done the next day after or following . Po●vene ( pos●venio ) to come or follow after . Postulate ( postulatum ) a request , demand or suit . Postul●to● ( postulatorius ) of or belonging to a request or demand . Potable ( potabilis ) drinkable , or which may be drunk . Pote●als ( from potentia ) things apt to breed or give power , strength or ability . Potentially ( potenter ) powerfully , mightily , substantially , effectually . Pot●states ( potestates ) men in authority , Rulers , great Magistrates . Potorious ( potorius ) of or belonging to drink , drinking . Potulent ( potulentus ) any thing that may be drunk ; also half drunk . Pouldabis , Oulderness , Medrinacles ; the course Canvas wherewith Taylors stiffen Dublets , or whereof Sails of ships are made . An. 1. Jac. 24. Poundage , is a Subsidy granted to the King of all manner of Merchandizes of every Merchant , Denizen and Alien , carried out or brought into this Realm by way of Merchandise , to the value of twelve pence in every pound . An. 12. Ed. 6.13 . An. 31. Eliz. cap. 5. and 1 Jac. 33. Pourcoutrel . See Polypus . Pourmenade ( Fr. ) a Walk . Poursuivant ( Fr. ) a pursuer , suitor or follower ; but more particularly , a Messenger attending the King in Wars or the Council Table , Exchequer , &c. to be sent upon any occasion or message . Those that are used in Marshal causes , are called Pursuivants at Arms. Anno 24. H. 8. cap. 13. whereof there are four of special names , which see in Herald . And Stow , speaking of Richard the Thirds end ( p. 784. ) hath these words , For his body was naked to the skin , not so much as one clout about him , and was trussed behinde a Pursuivant at Arms , like an Hog or Calf , &c. The rest are used upon other Messuages in time of Peace , especially in matters touching Jurisdiction . Also a sort of mean persons , that procure Commissions to prosecute the Romanists on the account of Religion . Pourpresture ( from the Fr. Pourpris , i. a close or enclosure ) is thus defined in Glanvile ; lib. 9. cap. 11. Pourprestura est propriè , quando aliquid super Dominum Regem injustè occupatur , &c. Cromp. in his Jurisd . fol. 152. defines it thus . Pourpresture is properly when a man takes to himself or incroaches any thing that he ought not , whether it be in any jurisdiction , Land , or Franchise , and generally when any thing is done to the Nusance of the Kings Tenant , &c. Pourtrait ( pourtractus ) an Image , Picture , counterfeit or draught of . Pourtraiture ( Fr. Portraicture ) a drawing or deliniating . Powers , the third order of the second Hierarchy of Angels , so called by reason of their peculiar Jurisdiction over Fiends and all infernal spirits . See Hierarchy . Poynings Law , is an Act of Parliament made in Ireland . 10 Hen. 7. and was so called , because Sir Edw. Poynings was Lieutenant of Ireland when that Law was made ; whereby all the Statutes of England were made of force in Ireland . For before they were not , neither are any now in force in Ireland , which were made in England since that time . Cokes 12 Rep. fol. 109. Practick ( Gr. ) pertaining to the practise or actual exercise of any Art or Science . Pragmatical ( pragmaticus ) that is expert in doing things , practised in the Law , and in many matters . Pragmatic ( Span. Pragmatica ) a Proclamation or Edict ; sometimes used for a kind of agreement or paction between a secular Prince , and the Pope , or some other Bishop , &c. Prandicle ( prandiculum ) a Breakfast , a little Dinner , a small pittance or repast . Pransorious ( pransorius ) belonging to , or serving for , dinner . Pratique ( from the Span. practica ) practise , or a thing done by practise ; but among Merchants it is a Licence to Traffick ; as in the Ports of Italy , and the Streights , if the Mr. of the ship brings a Bill of Health , that is , a Certificate that the place from whence he came is not infected with any contagious disease , then the Chief Magistrate or Signors of Health grant him Pratique , that is , leave to come in and Traffick . Sands . Pratical ( from the Span. ) done by practise or experience . Pravity ( pravitas ) crookedness , overthwartness , lewdness , naughtiness . Prebend ( from praebeo , to give ) is the portion which every member or Canon of a Cathedral Church , receives in right of his place , for his maintenance . Prebendary ( praebendarius ) he that hath such a Prebend ; and is called so , a Praebendo auxilium , & consilium Episcopo ; for to that end were Prebends ordained in Cathedral Churches , that the Prebendaries thereof should be assistants , and of Council to the Bishop in his Episcopal Function . Pre ( Lat. prae ) a Preposition signifying before , or in comparison , often compounded . Prebition ( praebitio ) a giving , a shewing , an offering , a setting before one . Precaution ( praecautio ) a preventing a thing before it comes , a fore-seeing . Precention ( praecentio ) a singing before ; the on-set or flourish of a Song . Precarious ( praecarius ) granted to one by prayer and intreaty , to use so long as it pleaseth the party , and no longer . Precedential ( from praecedens ) that goes before or surpasseth ; that gives a precedent , or shews the way . Precell●cy ( from praecello ) an exceeding , surpassing , excellency . Bac. Precen●or ( Lat. ) the chanter , he that beginneth the Tune . It is used in an Act of Parliament of 31 July , 1649. Preceptiv● ( praeceptivus ) of or belonging to precepts . Preceptor ( praeceptor ) a Master , a Teacher , an Instructer . Precidaneous ( praecidaneus ) that which goes before , or is cut or killed before . Precinct ( praecinctus ) is used for a Territory or certain parcel of Land , encompassed with some River , Hedge , or other mark , to distinguish it from other lands adjacent . Pr●cipice ( praecipitium ) a steep place , dangerous to go upon , a downright pitch or fall . Precipitate ( praecipito ) to hurl or cast down headlong ▪ to do unadvisedly or rashly . It is also the name of a corrosive powder , commonly called Red Mercury , used by Chyrurgeons to eat corrupted flesh . Precocity ( from praecox , ocis ) early ripeness , forwardliness in ripening , over-has●iness in ripening . Dod. Grove . Pr●cognition ( praecognitio ) fore-knowledge , prenotion , or former notice of . Preconious ( praeconius ) of or belonging to a Common-Crier ; also to praise or commendation . Preconsultor ( Lat. ) a Pre-adviser ; there is a Colledge of these at Venice ; see Rel. Wotton . p. 170. Precursor ( Lat. praecursor ) a fore-messenger , a fore-rider , a fore-runner , or goer . Predatory ( praedatorius ) of or belonging to robbing , spoiling , and piracy . Predestination ( praedestinatio ) fore-appointment , an ordaining before what shall come after . It is most used in Divinity , and is thus defined by Sir Walt. Ral. in his first Book fol. 16. We can ( saith he ) difference Predestination no otherwise from Providence and Prescience , then in this , That Prescience onely foresees , Providence foresees and cares for , and hath respect to all creatures , even from the brightest Angels of Heaven to the unworthiest worms of the earth ; And Predestination is onely of men , and yet not of all to men belonging , but of their salvation properly ( in the common use of Divines ) Pole ( polus ) the end or point of the Axletree , where ▪ on Astronomers imagin Heaven to be moved , that part of the Heaven which never moves ; There are two such Poles , one in the North , noted by a Star called Polus Arcticus , visible to us far above the earth , the other in the South named Antarcticus , far out of sight , being as much under the earth in the South as the North Pole is above it . It is also taken for Heaven , and so used by Poets . Point Blank ( Fr. ) perfectly even , precisely to the purpose , the nail on the head ; Poinct in Fr. signifies a point , centre or period , &c. and Blank the white or mark of a pair of Buts , &c. Polemark ( polemarchus ) a Lord Marshal of the field , a chief Officer of War. One of the nine chief Magistrates in the popular State of Athens . Polemical ( polemicus ) pertaining to War , warlike , military . Polemicks ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) verses treating of war , or treatises of war , or strifes ; disputations . Policy of Assurance or Ensurance , is a course taken by those , who adventure wares & merchandize by Sea , whereby they ( unwilling to hazard their whole adventure ) give to some other a certain rate or proportion , as ten in the hundred , or such like , to secure the safe arrival of the ship , and so much wares at the place agreed on ; so that , if the ship and wares miscarry , the Ensurer makes good to the Venturer or Ensured , so much as he promised to secure , as 50. 100. more or less ; and if the ship arrive safely he gains that clearly , which the Venturer compounds to pay him , and for the more even dealing between them in this case , there is a certain Clerk or Officer ordained , to set down in writing the sum of their agreement , that they afterwards differ not between themselves upon the bargain . This term you have An. 43. Eliz. ca 11. and in course Latin called Assecuratio . Politicks ( politica ) books treating of the Government of a City or Commonwealth . Politure ( politura ) a polishing , trimming or decking . Pollicar ( pollicaris ) of or belonging to a thumb or toe ; of an inch in length or breadth . Pollicitation ( pollicitatio ) a free and willing promise . Pollinarious ( pollinarius ) pertaining to fine flower or meal . Pollinctor ( Lat. ) he that washes and anoints the dead body with sweet ointments . Pollincture ( pollinctura ) the dressing , chesting , or embalming of dead bodies . Poltron ( Fr. ) a Knave , Rascal , Varlet , Scondrel ; also a Dastard , or lazy Coward . Hence the term of Poltry fellow one that deals couseningly or dodgingly . Polus ( Gr. ) signifies multus , numerosus , much or many ; and is often used in composition ; as Polychrests ( Gr. ) things of much use , fit for many uses , or divers ways profitable . Bac. Polygamy ( polygamia ) the having of many Wives , or of more then one . Polyglet ( Gr. ) that speaks many Languages , a Linguist . Polygarchy ( polygarchia ) a Monarchy divided into sundry parts ; or such a division ; a Government of many ; opposite to Monarchy , which is a Government of one . Polygon ( polygona ) a Geometrical figure , that hath many corners . Polygraphy ( polygraphia ) a divers manner of writing . Polyh●stor ( Gr. ) he that knows much , or many things , and describes them . Polyloquent ( polyloquus ) that speaketh much . Polymathicks ( Gr. ) men learned in , or books treating of many Disciplines . Polymnia or Polyhimnia , one of the Muses . Polymorphean ( polymorpheus ) of many forms or fashions . Polypharmacal ( polypharmachus ) that hath many Medicines . Polyphon ( Gr. ) multiplicity of sounds ; also a musical ininstrument so called , having many strings , and by consequence several sounds . Polypheme , generally taken for a Gyant , or any big , over-grown , disproportionate fellow ; so used from Polyphemus a Giant , that had but one eye in his forehead , which Vlysses put out . Polypragmatick , that is very pragmatical , or busie . Polypragmon ( Gr. ) a factious or pragmatical fellow , one that will have an Oar in every mans boat , a busie body . Polyprote ( polyproton ) that hath many cases . Polypus , a fish called Pourcontrel , or many feet ; it changeth colour often , and is sometime metaphorically applied to inconstant persons ; also a disease in the Nose , called Noli me tangere , breeding a peece of flesh that oftentimes stifleth the Nose , and stops the wind . Polysillable ( polysillabus ) a word that hath many syllables Polysillabical , that hath many syllables . Pomary ( pomarium ) a place set with Fruit trees , an Orchard ; also an Apple Loft . Pomarious ( pomarius ) of or belonging to an Orchard , or to fruit in general , but most commonly Apples . Pomery ( pomoerium ) a certain space about the walls of a City or Town , a Precinct . Pomeridian ( pomeridianus ) q. post meridiem . After noon . Pomiferous ( pomifer ) that beareth fruit . Pommade ( Fr. ) Pomatum or Pomata , an ointment used by Ladies ; also the Pomada , a trick in vaulting . Pomona , the Goddess of Fruits . Pompatick ( pompaticus ) solemn , or done with pomp . Ponderize ( from pondus , eris ) to ponder , weigh , poise , or consider . Herb. Tr. Ponderity ( ponderitas ) weightiness , heaviness , ponderosity . Pon●ge ( Fr. ) is a contribution towards the maintenance or re-edifying of Bridges . Westm . 2. cap. 25. Anno 13. Ed. 1. It may also signifie Toll taken for that purpose of those that pass over Bridges . An. 39. Eliz. ca. 24. An. 1. H. 8. ca. 9. And see the Statute of 22. H. 8.5 . Pontick ( ponticus ) of or pertaining to Pontus , a part of Asia . So the Pontick Sea , is that Sea which adjoyns to Pontus . Pontick Nut , is a Filberd or Hazle-nut . Pontif ( pontifex ) a Bishop or Prelate . Bac. Pontifical Pontificial ( pontificalis ) pertaining to a Bishop ; sumptuous , stately , Prelate-like . Pontificalibus ( the Ablative case plural of Pontificalis ) a Bishop is said to be in his Pontificalibus , when he is vested in his Episcopal Ornaments , to say or sing Divine service , upon some Festival day . We commonly say such a one is in his Pontificalibus , when he is in rich attire , or his best apparel . Popinal ( popinalis ) of Cookery , or belonging to riot or places of riot , as Alehouses , Taverns , &c. Po●litick ( from poples , it is ) belonging to the Ham of the Leg. Poplitick Vein , is that Vein which runs under the Knee . Populace ( Fr. ) the Populacy , the ●ascal people , base multitude , meaner sort of the vulgar . Population ( populatio ) a wasting , destroying , or unpeopling a place . Populiferous ( populifer ) thal bears Poplar trees . Populosity ( populositas ) fulness of people . Br. Porcellane or China Dishes , brought out of China , are made of a Chalky Earth , which ( beaten and steeped in water ) affords a Cream or fatness on the top , and a gross subsidence at the bottom ; out of the Cream or superfluitance , the finest Dishes are made , out of the residence the courser ; which being formed , they gild or paint , not after a hundred years , but presently commit to the Furnace . To which Dishes ( or the finer sort of them , which they say are forbidden to be carried out of the Kingdom ) Scaliger and others ascribe these properties , That they admit no poison ; strike fire ; will grow hot no higher then the liqour in them ariseth . Dr. Br. Porcine ( porcina ) of or belonging to an Hog , hoggish . Porculation ( porculatio ) feeding or fatting of Swine , bringing up of Hogs . Pores ( pori ) small and unsensible holes of the skin , whereby the sweat and vapors pass out of the body . Porose or Porous ( porosus ) full of pores or little holes . Bac. Porosity ( porositas ) poriness , or the being full of pores . Porphyry ( porphyrites ) a dark red Marble , spotted with white . Porphyry Chair , a Chair of Porphyry Marble in the Cloister of St. John Lateran at Rome , called Sedes Stercoraria ; because when the Pope takes possession of his Episcopal See in that Church , at the intoneing the Verse , Suscitans de terra inopem & de stercore erigens pauperem , Psal . 113. he was carried from a side Chappel to the high Altar , in that Chair ; to signifie that God had raised him from a low condition , to that supreme Dignity . The usual tale of this Chair is a meer fiction . Porphyretick ( porphyreticus ) belonging to red Marble , or purple . Porrection ( porrectio ) a stretching or reaching out . Porsyllogism , is as it were an Auxiliary Syllogism , to prove the main one . Portable ( portabilis ) that may be born or carried . Portate ( portatus ) a bearing or bringing . Portculits ( from the Fr. porte , and coler , i. delabi ) a faling gate or door to let down , to keep enemies from , or in a City . Portegue ( Fr. Portugaise ) a golden chain worth about 4 l. 10 s. sterl . Portend ( portendo ) to signifie before a thing happens , to foretel , to betoken . Portentifical ( portentificus ) which works wonders , or whereby strange things are done . Portentous ( portentosus ) monstrous , betokening some mischance or fortune to come . Portglaive ( Fr. ) a Sword-bearer . Portgreve ( compounded of Port and greve or grave , i. perfectus ) signifies with us the chief Magistrate in certain Port Towns. And ( as Cam. saith in his Britan. p. 325 , ) the chief Magistrate of London was termed by this name ; instead of whom , Richard the first ordained two Bayliffs ; but presently after King John granted them a Major for their yearly Magistrate . Porteguidon ( Fr. ) an Ensign-bearer to a troop of men at Arms. Portmanteau ( Fr. from the Span. Portar , to carry , and Mantea ) a Cloakbag or Male. Portmote ( compounded of Port , and the Fr. Mot , i. dictio ) or perdition , as some have used it , &c. Predial or Prediatory ( praedialis ) of or belonging to Lands or Mannors . Predial Tythes , are of those things which arise yearly of the fruit and profit of the earth , as of Wood , Corn , Hay , &c. See Mr. Shep. Epit. fol. 1004. Predial in French relates properly to a Meadow . Prediator ( Lat. Praediator ) a Lawyer that is expert in Actions real , or cases concerning Lands . Predicable ( praedicabilis ) that may be told or spoken of abroad . In Logick there are five Predicables , otherwise called Porphyries five Terms ; viz. Genus , Species , Differentia , Proprium , Accidents ; and are called Predicables , à praedicando , because they are Attributes of all things . Predicament ( praedicamentum ) a term in Logick , whereof there are Ten , in which every limited and bounded nature is ranked and disposed ; The first called Substance , includes all substances whatsoever , as the four Elements , and all other creatures . The second , Quantity , contains all quantities , as 10 , 20 ; a yard , a furlong , a mile . The third , called Quality , has under it all qualities , as Wisdom , Art , Fortitude , Diligence , Sloth : The fourth named Relation , ss properly of such words as depend mutually one upon another , as a Husband and Wife , a Master and Servant . The rest are 5. Action or doing . 6. Passion or suffering . 7. Where . 8. When 9. ●cituation or place . 10. The Habit or outward covering of a thing . See Peripatetical Institutions . Les . 3.4 . Predicament is sometimes used in ordinary discourse , for state , condition , order , or the like . Predicate ( praedico ) to publish , to say or tell openly , to noise abroad . In Logick it is used substantively , and signifies the later part of a Proposition , as in saying , John is a Schollar ; the word [ Schollar ] is called the Predicate , because it is spoken or affirmed of the subject John. Prefect ( praefectus ) a Ruler , Governor or President ; a Captain , a Provost , a Lord Mayor . In old Rome , the Prefect of the City had the hearing of all matters between Master and Servant , Buyer and Seller , Orphans and their Overseers , &c. But afterwards he did assume to himself authority to hear all causes whatsoever within a hundred miles of Rome . Prefecture ( praefectura ) a Captainship , a Lieutenantship , an Authority or Rule , an Office , or little Jurisdiction . Preference ( from praefero ) preferment , advancement , account before , place above others . Prefinition , a determination before . Pregnant ( praegnans ) great with child or young ; full of good sap and juyce ; pithy , ripe , lively , strong . Pregression ( praegressio ) a going before , an out-going or over-passing , a preventing . Pregustation ( praegustatio ) a tasting or assaying before . Preignotary ; see Protonotary . Prejudicate ( praejudicatus ) fore-judged ; determined , or condemned before . Prelation ( praelatio ) a carrying or setting before , preferment , preference . Prelect , Either from praelectus , read before ; or from praeelectus , one chosen before another . Preliminary ; see Liminary . Preludium ( Lat. praeludium ) an entrance to a matter , a proem ; In Musick , a voluntary before the Song , a flourish or preamble , and ( as you would say ) signs and proffers . Prelusion praelusio ) a playing before , a flourish , the same with praeludium . Premature ( praematurus ) ripe before other , or ripe before due time and season ; untimely , coming too soon . Premeditate ( praemeditor ) to muse and think on a thing before hand . Premious ( praemiosus ) rich in money , gifts , presents and rewards . Premission ( praemissio ) a sending before . Premium ( praemium ) a reward given to him that doth any thing , a recompence . It is used in Schools , for a reward given to that Schollar that says his Lesson , or performs his Exercise well . And among Merchants it is used for that sum of money , as Eight or Ten per Cent. which the Ensured gives the Ensurer for ensuring the safe return of any Ship or Merchandize . Premunire ( more properly Praemonere ) when any man for an offence committed , shall incur a Praemunire , it is meant , he shall incur the same punishment , which is inflicted on those that transgress the Statute made Anno 16. Ric. 2. cap. 5. ( commonly called the Statute of Praemunire ) and is to be out of the Kings protection , to forfeit Lands and Goods , and to be imprisoned , &c. See more in Fullers Hist . p. 148. Premunition ( praemunitio ) a fortifying or fencing before-hand . Prenotion ( praenotio ) a fore-knowing of a thing ; fore-knowledge . Prenuncious ( praenuncius ) that first brings tidings , that goes afore and tells news , that signifies a thing to be at hand . Preominate ( from prae and omen ) to presage or foretel . Dr. Br. Preoccupate ( preoccupatus ) prevented , over-reached , taken aforehand . Prepensed ( from the Fr. pre-pense ) fore-thought ; as malice prepensed , in our Common Law , is malice fore-thought . Preponderate ( praepondero ) to poise or weigh more ; to ponder or examine before ; to be of great price , or more worth . Preposition ( praepositio ) a putting or setting before ; a part of speech so called . A Prepositor in a School . Preposterous ( praeposterus ) overthwart , out of order , contrary to all good fashion ; froward . Preproperous ( praeproperus ) very quick or hasty ; over hasty , rash . Prepuce ( praeputium ) the fore-skin that covers the head or nut of a mans Yard ; which the Hebrews use to cut off in circumcision . Prerogative ( praerogativa ) an advantage , a preheminency , authority , and rule above others . Presbyterians , are those that profess the doctrine of Calvin , condemn Episcopacy ●n the Church , and govern it partly by Lay-Elders ; and were not much known among us by that name till the long Parliament , that began 3. Novemb . 1640 , took the Scottish Kirk for a pattern in reforming . Presbytery , that kind of Government in a Church Prescience ( praescientia ) fore-knowledge , an understanding before-hand of a thing ere it come to pass ; see Predestination . Prescind ( praescindo ) to cut or tear before ; to divide or break first . Dr. Ham. Prescription ( praescriptio ) a limiting or limitation ; an appointing or determining ; a Rule or Law ; a long possession or continuance in possession ; the course or use of a thing for a long time . Presentaneous ( praesentaneus ) present , ready , speedy , forceable , effectual , &c. Presentation ( praesentatio ) is used properly for the act of a Patron offering or presenting his Clerk to the Bishop , to be instituted in a Benefice of his gift ; The form whereof see in the Regist . orig . fol. 222. a. Presentment , is a meer denunciation of the Jurors themselves , or some other Officer , as Justice , Constable , Searcher , Surveyor , &c. ( without any information ) of an offence inquireable in the Court , whereunto it is presented ; see Lamberds Eiren. lib. 4. ca. 5. pag. 467. Preside ( praesideo ) to have authority or rule , to have the protection or tuition of any thing , place , or people , before others , to have the over-sight or charge . Presidial ( praesidialis ) pertaining to a Lieutenant , Vice-Roy , chief Ruler or President . Presidie ( praesidium ) a Garison , all manner of aid and defence ; help , comfort . Presidiary ( praesidiarius ) that is ordained to be an aid to another , pertaining to a Garison of Soldiers ; also as Fresidial . Prest or Imprest money , ( from the Fr prest , i. ready ) for that it binds those that have received it to be ready at all times appointed , is a kind of an earnest money given commonly to a Soldier when he is Imprested , or commanded to be ready to serve in War. Prestiges ( praestigiae ) deceirs , impostures , delusions , cousening tricks Prestigation ( praestigatio ) a jugling , cousening or playing Legerdemain . Prestigious ( praestigiosus ) pertaining to a Jugler or Imposter , that deceives with Legerdemain , or deludes the eye 〈…〉 . Presto ( Span. ) quickly ; a word used by 〈…〉 , in their Hocus Pocus tricks . Preterition ( praeteritio ) a going over , a passing by or beyond , a surpassing . Pretermission ( praetermissio ) an omitting , a leaving out , a letting a thing pass , a forgetting . Pretor ( praetor , so called à praecundo ) an Officer in old time , having the Rule of an Army , the General ; afterwards he had authority in Judgement , and was a chief Justice , having other Judges sitting under him , as Asconius saith , to the number of seventy one , others write seventy three , in process of time there were so many Praetors chosen , as there were Countries subject to the Empire . Tho. At first the names of Consul , Praetor and Judges were all one . Pretorian ( praetorius ) of or belonging to , or attending on a Praetor ; the Pretorian guard of Soldiers in old Rome were first established by Augustus , and consisted of Ten thousand , every one having double the wages of a Legionary Soldier , and were in the same nature to the Emperors , as the Janizaries are to the Great Turk , or as the Mamalukes were to the Sultans of Egypt . Prevaricate ( praevaricor ) to make a semblance or shew to do a thing , and do quite contrary , to betray a cause , to swerve from truth , to go out of the right way . See Calumniate . Prevaricator ( praevaricator ) he that leaves the right way , or betrays a cause ; a false dealer , one that pleads by covin ; a transgressor . Prevenient ( praeveniens ) coming or going before , preventing . Previdence ( previdentia ) fore-seeing or fore-casting . Previous ( praevius ) that goes before , or leads the way . Priapism ( priapismus ) is a disease when the Yard is stretched out in length and breadth , nothing provoking the Patient to lust and desire ; if it come with a beating or panting of the Yard , then the evil is called Satyriasis . Pricker , a Huntsman on horse-back . Pricket , a fallow Male Deer , bearing that name when he is a year old compleat . Pridian ( pridianus ) of the day before . Primacy ( from primus , or from the Fr. primace ) excellency , chief rule , highest estate ; and particularly an Ecclesiastical dignity or command over the Archbishops and Bishops of a Kingdom or Province ; and he who has this dignity is called a Primate or Metropolitan . Pr●ge , is a duty due to the Marriners and Sailers for ●oading any Ship at the setting forth from any Haven . A. 32. H 8. ca. 14. Prime ( primus ) first , principal , chief . Also the first hour of the day , in Summer at four of the clock , in Winter at eight . Also one of the Canonical hours of Prayer among the Romanists , which begins at six of the clock in the morning and holds till nine . The Third begins at nine and holds till twelve . The Sixth holds from twelve to three . The Ninth or None from three to six at night . Then begins the Vesperas which holds till nine ; from nine the Compline holds till twelve at night . Bellarm. de bonis oper . lib. 1. cap. 10. Primer , a Prayer-book of the Romanists so called ; containing the Office of the Virgin Mary ; which is divided into seven several hours ( as a memorial of the seven principal parts and Hours of our Saviors Passion ) viz. the Mattins and Laudes ; the Prime or first hour , the Third hour , the Sixth hour , the Nineth hour , for morning . The Evensong and Compline for the Evening ; and these seven Hours are composed of Psalms chiefly , Hymns , Canticles , Antiphones , Versicles , Responsories and Prayers . Primevous ( primaevus ) the elder , or of the first age . Prim●ces ( primitiae ) first fruits . Primigenious ( primigenius ) that comes naturally of it self , that hath not the beginning of another , the first , or original . Primipotent ( primipotens ) of chief power . Primitial ( from primitiae ) belonging to first fruits . Primitive ( primitivus ) that hath no beginning of other , the first . Primogeniture ( from primogenitus ) the first begetting or bringing forth . Br. Primordial ( primordium ) a first beginning , off-spring , original . Bac. It is also used adjectively . Primum mobile ( Lat. ) in the Pagan Philosophy , is the upper Heaven , supposed to give motion to all the rest . Principality ( principalitas ) the estate or seat of a Sovereign Prince ; Sovereignity , Dominion , Seignory . Principalities , are the second Order of the second Hierarchy of Angels . Princock ( praecox ) a ripe-headed young Boy , or one that is soon or over-hasty ripe ; Non amo puerum Praecocis ingenii , I love not a Boy of too early a wit ; says the Poet. Prisage ( Fr. ) prizing , praising , rating , valuing ; also that custom or share , that belongs to the King out of such Merchandize , as are taken at Sea by way of lawful prize . An. 31. Eliz. ca. 5. Prisage of Wines , Ann. 1. H. 8. ca. 5. is a word almost out of use , now called Butlerage , it is a custom whereby the Prince challenges , out of every Bark loaden with Wine , containing less then forty Tun , two Tun of Wine at his price . See Butlerage . Priscilla ( a diminutive of prisca ) one of this name was a great follower of Montanus the arch Heretick , and one of his devilish Prophetesses , circa An. Christi , 181. Priscillianisis , a Sect of Hereticks that had their name from Priscillianus about the year 388 , who held two gods , one good , another bad , the Creator of all things ; and denied the persons of the Blessed Trinity , with other gross absurdities . Prismatical Glasses ( from the Gr. Prisma ) are certain triangular solid glasses , in which you may see variety of fine colours , &c. Mr. White . Prism ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) the powder or dust of those things that are cut with a Saw : also a Geometrical figure so called . Pristine ( pristinus ) old , ancient , accustomed , wonted . Privado ( Span , ) a Favorite , a private friend . Privation ( privatio ) a depriving , bereaving , a withdrawing , a want or wanting . Privative ( privativus ) that deprives , bereaves or takes away ; substantively , it is a name for such monasyllabical words which being compounded with simple words , do deprive and take away the proper sense or meaning of them , as in Latin de , dis , di , ex , in , &c. are called Privatives , so are dis , un , in , &c. in English . Probate of Testaments , ( probatio Testamentorum ) proving of Wills , is the producting and insinuating of dead mens Wills before the Judges appointed for that purpose by Act 1653. cap. 2. and 1656. cap. 10. This Probate is made in two sorts , either in common form ( which is onely by the Executors oath ) or by witnesses . Probational Probatical ( probaticus ) apt to try or prove . Probatick Pond ( piscina probatica ) a Pond at Jerusalem , where those sheep were washed , that were by the Law to be sacrificed ; it was otherwise called the Pool Bethesda . Probationer ( probator ) an approver of some deed or sact , a prover , or trier ; Also he that is to be approved or allowed in the University for his learning , before he be admitted a Fellow . Probatum est ( Lat. ) it is approved or allowed of , it hath been tried . Probe or Proof ( the Fr. call it curette ) a Chyrurgeons Instrument , wherewith he tries the depth of wounds , sounds the Bladder , and gathers together such gravel , congealed blood , or other filth , as remains in it after a stone taken out . Probity ( probitas ) goodness , honesty , vertue , integrity . Probleme ( problema ) a proposition or sentence proposed , with a question annexed . In Mathematicks it is opposed to Theoreme , and signifies such a proposition , as is especially referred to practise , or the doing of something . Tho. Problematical ( problematicus ) belonging to a Probleme or hard Question . Proboscide ( proboscis ) the long snout of an Elephant . Procacity ( procacitas ) malepertness , sawciness , wantonness in craving , scoffing . Procatatetick ( Gr. ) which foregoeth or gives beginning to another . Dr. Ham. Procere ( procerus ) high , long , tall . Dodonas Grove . Procerity ( proceritas ) length , height , tallness . Procession ( processio ) a going on , proceeding , progress , passing forward ; Also in the late Bishops time , it was the custom for Clergy-men to go in Procession in Rogation week , they sung Psalms , prayed for the fruits of the earth , and visited the bounds of their several Parishes ; now disused . Processional ( from processio ) pertaining to process or proceeding . Prochronism ( Gr. ) an error in the connexion of things or computation of time , by saying or setting down too much . Procidence ( procidentia ) a falling down of a thing out of his place . Prociduous ( prociduus ) that falls out of his right place . Procinct ( procinctus ) the state of an Army ready to give battel ; Provision before any thing is done , readiness . Proclive ( proclivis ) ready to fall , inclined , subject , or bent unto . Proclivity ( proclivitas ) inclination or disposition to any thing , easiness to fall , facility . Proconsul ( Lat. ) he , who having been Consul , went out of his Magistracy at the years end , with an extraordinary Consular power , into his Country to govern it ; It is sometimes taken for a Deputy , or one instead or place of a Consul ; under the Emperors those Governors of Provinces , who were appointed by the Senate and people , were called Proconsuls . Godw. Procrastinate ( procrastino ) to drive off from day to day , to prolong the time , to delay . Procreate ( procreo ) to engender , to beget , to bring forth Proculcation ( proculcatio ) a treading or trampling under foot . Procurator ( Lat ) a Proctor , Factor , or Solicitor , one that looks to another mans affairs . Procurator , is also used for him that gathers the fruits of a Benefice for another man. And Procuracy , for the specialty , whereby he is authorised . An. 3. Ric. 1. Stat. 1. ca. 2. They are at this day in the West parts called Proctors . In the Republick of Venice the Procurator is the second person in dignity . Prodigence ( prodigentia ) prodigality , wastefulness , riot , unthriftiness . Prodigy ( prodigium ) a thing seldom seen , which signifies some great good or evil to follow ; a wonder . Prodigious ( prodigiosus ) monstrous , wonderful , marvellous , contrary to the common course of nature . Proditorious ( preditorius ) belonging to a Traytor ; Traytor-like . Sir H. Wot . Prodrome ( prodromus ) the fore-runner or news bringer of another mans coming , a preparer of the way . Producate Product ( produx ) that which is produced or brought forth out of another ; a term in Arithmetick . Production ( productio ) the making a thing long , a driving off , a bringing forth . Proeme ( prooemium ) a preface or a beginning to any matter . Profection ( profectio ) a passage or setting forth towards a Voyage , a departing , a going forth . Profectitious . See Adventitious . Proficient ( proficiens ) helping , profiting , doing much good ; also used substantively , as when we say A. is a good Proficient in learning , that is , one that profits or proceeds well in it . Profile ( Ital. profilo ) that design which shews the side , with the rising or falling of any work ; as a place drawn sideways , that is , so as onely one side or moyety of it may be seen , is called the Profile ; and is a term in Painting . Profligate ( profligo ) to overthrow , to drive away , to undo , to bring to destruction , to put to slight . Profluence ( profluentia ) abundance , plenty , flowing , store of . Profundeur ( Fr. Profondeur ) profundity , depth , deepness . Profundity ( profunditas ) deepness , of great receip● . Profusion ( profusio ) a pouring out , spending , a needless wasting . Progeny ( progenies ) Issue , Off-spring , success in blood . Progenitor ( Lat. ) a Grandfather , Fore father , or Ancestor . Prognosticks ( prognostica ) tokens or signs of a thing to come ; Books treating of Prognostication ; or things to come . Progression ( pregressio ) going forward , a proceeding , a progress . A moneth of Progression ; see Moneth . Progressional ( progressus ) that hath passed or gone forward . Br. Prohibitio● ( prohibitio ) a forbidding . Also a Writ framed for the forbidding any Court either spiritual or secular , to proceed in any cause there depending , upon suggestion that the cognition thereof belongs not to the said Court. Fitz. nat . br . fol. 39. G. Prohibitory ( prohibitorius ) that belongs to forbidding . Projectitious ( projectitius ) cast out , and nourished of a stranger , flung away , as of no account . Projecture ( projectura ) the jutting or leaning out in Pillars , or other buildings ; the coping of a wall . Prolatation ( prolatatio ) a delaying , an enlarging , a deferring or prolonging . Prolation ( prolatio ) a speaking or pronouncing , a shewing or bringing forth , a delaying . Prolegate ( Prolegatus ) a Deputy Legat , or one that stands for a Legat. Prolepsie ( prolepsis ) a natural fore-knowledge conceived in the mind ; hence a figure in speaking whereby we prevent and avoid what another intended to alledge against us . Proleptical , belonging to the figure Prolepsis , or to fore knowledge . Proleptical time , is that which is fixed in the Chaos . Greg. Proletarious Proletaneous ( proletarius , proletaneus of a poor and base condition , that has many children , and little maintenance , or that gives nothing to the Common-wealth but onely a supply of children . A Proletarious Speech ( proletarius sermo ) the common and vulgar speech , complement or words of course ; as when one says to his friend ; Pardon my boldness , and the other answers . You are not so bold as welcome , or the like . Tho. Prolifical ( prolificus ) fruitful , that breeds or brings forth issue apace . Prolification ( prolificatio ) a making fruitful . Br. Prolix ( prolixus ) long , large , high , liberal sumptuous . Prolixity ( prolixitas ) length , largeness , abundance . Prologue ( prologus ) a preface , a fore-speech . The Prologue is such , as either opens the state of the Comedy or Fable ; or such as commends it , or the Poet to the people ; or such as refutes the objections and cavils of adversaries . Prolog●utor ( Lat. ) he that speaks before or for others , or that speaks at length ; The Speaker or Chair-man of each Convocation-house , or of a Synod , is so termed . His Office is to command the Clerk to call the names of such as are of that House , when he sees cause , to cause all things propounded to be read by him , to gather the suffrages , and such like . Prolusion ( prolusio ) an Essay or flourish , made to try what one can do , before he fight indeed ; a Proof . Prolyte ( prolyta ) a Licenciate of the Laws , or one that has studied the Law four years . Promenade ; see Pourmenade . Prometheus , son to Japetus , who for stealing fire out of Heaven , to make life in his Images , was by Jupiter bound to Caucasus , where an Eagle gnawed his heart , &c. Hence the fire of Prometheus , Poetically used . Prominence ( prominentia ) the extending or jutting of a thing out or over ; a Penthouse . By this word Anatomists understand what portion soever notably surmounts the parts circumjacent in thickness , as a hill in the plain Prominent ( prominens ) appearing or standing out further then another , or above and before others , extending to , hanging over . Promiscuous ( promiscuus ) confused , mingled , common to many ; indifferent , mixed , without order or consideration . Promissary , he to whom a promise is made . Mr. White . Promentor● ( promontorium ) q. mons in mari prominens ) a hill lying out , as an elbow of land into the Sea ; a Mountain or head of land butting out upon the Sea. Promoters ( Promotores ) are those who in popular and penal actions defer the names , or complain of Offenders , having part of the profit for their reward . These were called among the Romans ; Quadruplatores or Delatores . They belong especially to the Exchechequer and Upper-Bench . Smith de Repub ▪ Angl. l. 2. c. 14. Promptitude ( promptitudo ) readiness , quickness , proneness Promptuary ( promptuarium ) a Cellar , a Store-house , a Spense , a Buttery . Promulgation ( promulgatio ) a publishing , a proclaiming , a noising abroad . The Law was hanged up publickly in the Market-place , for three Market days ; which kind of publishing the Law , was termed , Legis Promulgatio , quasi , provulgatio . Pro-nephew ( pronepos ) a Nephews son . Prone ( pronus ) having the face down , inclined , stooping downward , ready , easie . Propagate ( propago ) to cut down an old Vine , that of it many young may be planted , to make to spread ; to extend or dilate . Propelled ( from propello ) driven or put away a far off , thrust or set forwards . Propension ( propensio ) inclination of mind , readiness , proneness , propensity . Propense ( propensus ) heavy , greatly inclined , very ready and prone to . Properate ( propero ) to go quickly or hastily , to say or do quickly , to make haste or speed . Prophetize ( propheto ) to prophecy or foretel things to come , to sing praises to God ; To preach or interpret . Prophylactic ( prophylacticus ) preservative , or that serves instead of an Antidote . Dr. Ham. Paraen . Propination ( propinatio ) a drinking to one , a bidding one drink . Propinquity ( propinquitas ) nearness , Neighborhood ; also Affinity , Alliance , Kindred . Propitiate ( propitio ) to reconcile and appease God with Sacrifices , to please , to pacifie ; also to asswage or mitigate . Propitiatory ( propitiatorium ) the place where God is pacified ; also a Table or Cover set on the Arke of the Old Testament , on either side whereof was a Cherubin of Gold , with the wings spread over the Propitiatory , and their faces looking one towards another . It is also used adjectively , as belonging to such a Sacrifice . Prop●tious ( propitius ) not displeased , merciful , favorable , propice , gentle . Proposition ( propositio ) that whereby we shew what we will speak or prove , a sentence or matter propounded , a Question or Position . In Logick the first part of a Syllogism is called the Proposition or Major ; and this hath three parts , Subjectum , Praedicatum , and Copula ; as Peter is a man ; Peter is the Subject , Man is the Predicate or Attribute , and the Verb [ is ] is the Copula , or tying them together . Propraetor ( Lat. ) a Lieutenant appointed by the Emperor to govern a Province with the Authority of a Pretor , a Lord Justice . The Translator of Livie saith , t is more properly he , who having been Pretor , went out of his Magistracy at the years end , and was sent into his Province again , with full authority of Pretor . Proprietary ( proprietarius ) he to whom the property of a thing belongs ; It is most commonly used for him that hath the fruits of a Benefice to him and his Heirs or successors , as in time past Abbots and Priors had to them and their successors ; see Appropriation . Propudious ( propudiosus ) that is filthily abused in leachery , or full of shameful infamy . Propugnacle ( propugnaculum ) a Fortress , a strong-hold , a Bulwark , a Defence , a Block-house . Propugnator ( Lat. ) a defender , a maintainer , one that fights in defence of some person . Propulsation ( propulsatio ) a putting away , a driving back , a chasing forward , a repelling . Propulsory ( propulsorius ) that serves to put away or drive back . Prorepsion ( prorepsio ) a creeping forward , a stealing forward by little and little , a growing , spreading , or coming forth . Icon. Basil . Proter ( Lat. ) a Viceroy , he that in the Kings absence supplies his place , and represents his person . Proritate ( porito ) to provoke to allure , to stir up , to exasperate . Prorogue ( prorogo ) to prolong , defer , or put off till another day , to continue . As we say the Parliament is Prorogued , when it is adjourned or put off for some time , but not ended . The Romans ( if they did impose a law to be made by the people ) were said rogare legem , because of asking , moving or perswading to enact the same , velitis jubeatisne Quirities , &c. from whence came Prorogare legem , to continue a Law which was in being , for a longer time , and abrogare to repeal or abrogate it for the time to come , unless , upon some further consideration , it were thought fit to be restored . Prosaick ( prosaicus ) that is in Prose and not in Meeter , pertaining to Prose . Proscission ( proscissio ) a cutting up , a tilling , a ploughing , a manuring land . Proscription ( proscriptio ) the manner of condemnation , when it is Proclaimed , that who ever findes a man , may lawfully kill him , and have a reward ; a designing or exposing to slaughter ; also publique sale . Proscript ( from proscribo ) an Out-law , a man designed or exposed to slaughter , a proscribed or attainted person . Those were termed Proscripti , who were not onely exiled and banished their Country , but had their goods seized and confiscated . Proselyte ( proselytus ) a stranger turned to our fashion of living , or converted to our Religion . It signified of old , one converted from Heathenism to the Religion of the Jews . ( Acts 2.10 . and 13.43 . ) . Prosimetrical ( prosimetricus ) consisting partly of Prose , partly of Meeter or Verse . Prosody ( prosodia ) the art of accenting , the rule of pronouncing words truly , long and short . Prosodian , one skild in that art . Prosoporae●a ( Gr. ) a disguising , a feigning of a person to speak . Prospect ( prospectus ) a view or sight a far off . Prospicience ( prspicientia ) providence , fore-sight . Prospicuous ( prospicuus ) goodly , or fair to see or behold , or which may be seen afar off . Prosternation ( from prosterno ) an overthrowing , a falling flat , a vanquishing , a laying along . Prostitute ( prostituta ) she that for money suffers herself to be abused by all that come , a common Harlot . Prostrate ( prostratus ) lying flat , over-thrown , destroyed . Protasis ( Gr. ) a Proposition or Declaration ; also the first part of a Comedy ; see Catastasis . Protatick , pertaining to Protasis ; also he that lays open the argument , or speaks the Prologue in a Comedy , and appears no more , is called Protatica persona . Protend ( protendo ) to set , cast , or stretch forth ; to spread abroad , to defer or prolong . Protestants , were first so called from their Protestation made at the Imperial City of Spires in the Palatinate of Rhene in Germany , in the year 1529. Heyl. Proteus , a God of the Sea , who as Poets feign , was able to turn himself into any shape . Hence the Proverb , Proteo mutabilior , More changeable then Proteus . Protos ( Gr. ) Primus , the first or chief , and is often used in composition . As Protocol ( protocolum ) that is first made and needs correction ; the upper part of a leaf of a Book , bearing out above the rest , wherein the name or title is written . Protofole ( protofolium ) the first leaf . Protomartyr ( Gr. ) the first Martyr or Witness , which was St. Stephen of the New Testament ; for St. John Baptist died before the consummation of the old Law. Protonotary ( protonotarius ) a chief Scribe or Secretary ; a Chief Clerk , of which there are three in the Common-Pleas , and one in the Upper-Bench . Protoplast ( protoplastus ) first formed or made ; an Attribute or Epithete most properly for Adam . If from Protoplastes , it may signifie Almighty God , the first framer of all things . Prototype ( prototypus ) the first pattern , or the original type , model or form . Prototypographer ( Prototypographus ) the chief Printer . Protractor ( Lat ) a prolonger or drawer out ; also a Mathematical instrument , made of brass , used in surveying land . Protreptick ( protrepticus ) doctrinal , or instructive . Protrude ( protrudo ) to thrust forward , to thrust into ones lap or bosom . Bac. Protuberant ( protuberans ) swelling or puffing up . Protrusion ( protrusio ) a thrusting forward . Br. Protype ( protypum ) that is made for an example or copy ; an image or form whereof moulds are made , in which things of mettal or earth are cast . Provan●o , an instrument made of Whalebone , to cleanse the stomack . Prov●ditor ( Ital. from provideo ) a foreseer , one that takes order for ; it is an Officer among the Vinetians ; In War their General ( being most commonly a stranger ) is supervised by two Proveditors , without whom he may not attempt any thing . Providence ; see Predestination . Proverbial ( proverbialis ) belonging to a Proverb , Adage , or old saying . Providore , the Governor of the Island Zant , so called ; see Proveditor . Provincial ( provincialis ) pertaining to a Province ; which is most usually taken for the circuit of an Archbishops jurisdiction . Among Friars , and other Religious , he who is the chief of his Order in such a Province , is their Provincial . A 4. H. 4. ca. 17. Proviso ( Lat. ) is a condition inserted into any Deed or other matter , upon the observance whereof , the validity of the whole consists . Provisional , only for a season , continuing but for a time ; done by way of Proviso , or fore-sight . Proul , to pilfer or steal small things in the night . Prow ( Fr. prouë ) the forepart or forecastel of a ship ; also a Point advancing it self out of a building , as the Prow out of a ship . Provost ( Fr. Prevost ) the President of a Colledge , or Cathedral Church ; also a principal Magistrate or Judge in a good Town . In France there are several sorts and degrees of Provosts , of which see Cotgrave in Prevost . Provostal , of or pertaining to a Provost . Proximity ( proximitas ) the nighest degree of Kindred , Linage , neighborhood , nearness , a near likeness of . Pruden●iality ( from Prudentia ) prudence , or an aptness to breed prudence . Br. Pruinous ( pruinus ) frosty , indanger to be hurt with frost . Prunella's , a fruit like smal figs , restorative , and good to comfort the heart . Prurient ( pruriens ) having the itch ; also having a lust or desire to a thing . Pruriginous ( pruriginosus ) full of the itch . Prutenicks or Prutenic Tables , are certain Tables framed , for finding out the celestial motions , by Erasmus Beinholdus a Mathematical Professor in Wittenburg , first published in the year 1551. and dedicated to Albertus Marquis of Brandeberg , and D. of Prussia , whence they took name . Psallocitharist ( Psallocitharista ) a singer to the Harp. Psalm ( Psalmus ) a song made of short verses , and sentences , where many superfluous words are cut off : It comes of an Hebrew word , which hath the signification of pruning or cutting off superfluous twigs . Psalmist ( psalmista ) he that makes or sings Psalms ; an attribute usually and most properly given to King David . Psalmody ( psalmodia ) a singing or playing together on an instrument ; a singing of Psalms together . Psalmography ( psalmographia ) the writing of Psalms . Psaltery ( psalterium ) a musical Instrument like a Harp , with ten strings , but more pleasant ; some call it a Shalm , to play holy Hymns upon , and to sing unto in playing ; others say , it was an Instrument three square , of 72 strings , and of incomparable sweetness . As Mersenius describes it . Psephism ( psephisma ) a decree , Statute , Law or Ordinance . Pseudos ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) false or counterfeit ; and is often used in composition ; As Pseudodox ( Gr. ) false glory , or that is falsely glorious . Pseudography ( pseudographia ) false or counterfeit wr-iting , or a writing of a forged matter ; also false spelling words in writing . Fuller . Pseudologer ( pseudologus ) a false teacher , a liar . Pseudomancy ( pseudomantia ) a false or counterfeit Divination . M. White . Pseudomartyr ( Gr. ) a false witness or martyr . Pseudonymal ( pseudonymus ) that hath a false or counterfeit name . Pseudoprophet ( pseudopropheta ) a false Prophet or Teacher . Psorophtholmy ( psorophtholmia ) scurviness of the brows , with an itch . Psychomachy ( psychomachia ) a war betwixt the soul and body . Ptisane ( ptisana ) barly husked and sodden in water , Frumenty ; or ( as some will have it ) a kind of Physick drink or pottage made of barly meal . Puberty ( pubertas ) the age of 14 years in men , and 12 in women ; youth , or the blossoms of it . Pubescent ( pubescens ) beginning to have a beard or hair ; or coming to fourteen years of age in man , and twelve in women . Publican ( publicanus ) he that farms or collects the common Rents and Revenues of the King or People One who bought or farmed ( by great ) the Emperors Tribute . It was an odious name among the Jews , because they were commonly men of ill conscience , that exercised that Office. See Moses and Aaron , p. 6. Publication ( publicatio ) a publishing or making common . In Chancery we say a cause is come to Publication , when the Plaintiff hath exhibited his Bill , the Defendant answered , and witnesses are examined , then the Court either by special order , or of course , grants Publication , or a publishing of the Proofs , that is , liberty for both parties to take out the Depositions of the Witnesses whereby to prepare for a Hearing . Pu●lage ( Fr. ) Virginity , Maiden-head . Pudify pudefacio ) to make ashamed , to make to blush , to be ashamed . Pudibund Pudibundous ( pudibundus ) shamefac'd , bashful , modest , honest . Pudicity ( pudicitia ) chastity , honesty , cleanness of life , purity . Pudor ( Lat. ) bashfulness , chastity , virginity , moderation . Puerility ( puerilitas ) childishness , boyishness , trifling simplicity . Puerperous ( puerperus ) that beareth children ; or causeth to bear and bring forth , or be delivered of a child . Pugil ( Lat. ) a Champion , a strong fighter , one that fights with the fist . Pugil ( pugillus ) a little fist , a little or small handful . Among Physicians it is as much as may be holden betwixt three fingers . Pugillation ( pugillatio ) the exercise of Champions , or of those that fight with fists . Pugnacity ( pugnacitas ) a sharp desire or appetite to fight ; contention , fighting . Pugnatory ( pugnatorius ) of or belonging to a fighter . Pulchritude ( pulchritudo ) beauty , fairness , tallness of person . Pulicine ( pulicinus ) pertaining to a Flea . Pulicosity ( pulicositas ) abundance of Fleas . Pullation ( pullatio ) a hatching or bring up Chickens . Pullulate ( pullulo ) to spring , to cast forth buds , to become young . Pulmentarious ( pulmentaris ) of or belonging to , or made with Pottage or Gruel . Pulmonarious ( pulmonarius ) diseased in the Lungs . Pulp ( pulpa ) the brawn of flesh , or fleshy part of the body ; The substance or hard pith of any thing . Pulsation ( pulsatio ) a beating , striking or thumping ; a striking of strings , or playing on Instruments . Pulsator ( Lat. ) one that knocks or strikes . Pultifical ( pultificus ) wherwith Pottage , Pap , or such like meat is made . Pulverize ( pulvero ) to break or dissolve into dust , to reduce or beat into powder . Pulvereous Pulverulent ( pulvereus ) dusty , of dust , full of dust . Pumicate ( pumico ) to polish , to make smooth with , or like , a Pumice . Pumice stone ( Pumex , icis ) is spongious and full of little holes , and is used to make parchment smooth , and to rid away hairiness . Pumpet-bal ( Fr. Pompette ) the Ball wherewith Printers beat or lay ink on the Form of Letters . Pungency ( from pungo ) a pricking , grieving or nipping . Mr. Montagu . Punick ( punicus ) red as Scarlet . Punick Faith ( punica fides ) falshood , perjury , breach of promise . Punition ( punitio ) punishment , chastisement , correction . Puncto ( Ital. ) a point a little prick , the least portion of a thing . Punctillo ( dim . of puncto ) a very little point , a thing of no moment . Puny ( from the Fr. puisné ) younger , born after ; also that hath studied less time , or been fewer years in an University . Pupil ( pupilla ) the ball or apple of the eye , the sight of the eye ; also a woman-child within age , that hath no Mother alive , a Ward . Pupil ( pupillus ) a fatherless child , a man-child within age , and under Ward , an Orphan ; In the Universities it is taken for a young Schollar , under the tuition of another . Purgatory ( purgatorium ) a purgation or state of purging . The Council of Trent , Sect. 15. defines , that there is a Purgatory , and that the souls detained there are benefitted by the prayers of the faithful . And the Roman Catholiques hold , that the souls of Christians , not dying in a perfect estate , remain in a condition which may be eased and meliorated by the Prayers , Oblations and Charity of the living ; and they cite St. Augustine for it , de verbo Apost . Ser. 32. Purification ( purificatio ) a purifying , cleansing or purging . Purim , a Lottery or the Feast of Lots , among the antient Jews ; so called from the Persian word Pur , which signifies a lot . It was instituted by Mordecai , in remembrance of their delivery from Haman . Moses and Aaron , p. 138. Purine ( from the Fr. pur , i purus , and lieu , i. locus ) is all that ground near any Forest , which being made Forest by Hen. 2. Ric. 1. or King John , was , by perambulations granted by Hen. 3. severed again from the same . In which Purlue it was lawful for the owner of the ground to hunt , if he could dispend forty shillings per annum of Free-hold , &c. See Manwood part . 1. p. 151.157 . Purp●rean ( purpureus ) of purple ▪ fairlike purple , blewish Purulent ( purulentus ) full of matter and filthiness ; as is an Imposthume or other running sore ; filthy , irksome , mattery . Purveyor ( Fr. Pourvoyeur ) An Officer of the King or other great Personage , that provides Corn and other Victual for the house of him whose Officer he is ; a Provider . Pusillanimous ( pusillanimis ) faint-hearted , cowardly . Pusilanimity ( pusillanimitas ) faint-heartedness , cowardize . Pustule ( pustula ) a blister , Push , little Wheal , Bladder , or Blain ; also small Pox. Putative ( putativus ) reputed , imaginary , supposed , esteemed . Bac. Putatory ( putatorius ) belonging to the cutting , dressing or pruning Trees . Puteal ( putealis ) of or belonging to a Pit or Well . P●id ( putidus ) that has an ill savor , stinking ; with too much affectation . Putor ( Lat. ) a stink , or ill savor . Putrescence ( from putresco ) rottenness , corruption . Br. Putrid ( putridus ) rotten , corrupt , running with water or matter . Pygmachy ( pygmachia ) a fighting with Hurlbats or clubs . Pyker alias Pycar , a kind of ship . Anno 31. Ed. 3. Stat. 2. cap. 2. Pygmies ( Pygmaei ) a Dwarfish people in the uttermost Mountains oi India , in height not passing one cubit , their women bring forth children at Five years , and at Eight are accounted old . Fame goes , that they have continual war with Cranes , by whom they are often worsted , &c. But Dr. Brown in his Vul. Err. chap. 21. with good reason , makes doubt whether there are or ever were any such creatures . Pyladio● , a kind of Song ; see Bachyllion . Pyramid ( pyramis , idis ) a great building of stone or other matter , broad and four square beneath ; upwards , the higher it goes the smaller and sharper , till it ends in a point like our spire Steeples ; see Obelisk . Pyramidal or Pyramidical ( pyramidicus ) of or like a Pyramid , broad beneath and sharpning upwards . Pyramidography ( pyramidographia ) a writing , treating , or describing of Pyramids ; whereof Mr. Greaves has wrote a Book . Pyratical ; see Piratical . Pyre ( pyra ) an heap of wood ( as Cypress , Fir , Larix , and Yew ) made for the burning a dead body . Dr. Br. in his Hydriotaphia . Pyrtheraean Mountains , ( Pyrenaei Montes ) are those great hills which divide France from Spain . Pyrrhonian , belonging to Pyrrho ; a Sceptic Phylosopher of Greece , who thought nothing certain ; Hence Phyrrhonian incredulity Pyromancy ( pyromantia ) divination by fire . Pythagorical ( pithagoricus ) of or pertaining to Pythagoras the Phylosopher , or his opinion of the transmigration of souls from one body to another . Pythagoricism , the Tenets , or opinion of Pythagoras . Pythian Games ( Pythia ) certain Games instituted in Greece to the honor of Apollo , in memory of his vanquishing the great Dragon Python , sent by Juno to persecute his mother Latona . Python ( Gr. ) a man that prophecieth , and tells things to come , by a devillish spirit in him ; Also a Serpent . Pythonesse ( pythonissa ) she that is possessed with such a spirit ; a Prophetess . Pythonical ( pythonicus ) that is possessed with such a spirit . Pyx ( pyxis ) a box , properly made of Box-tree , But among Roman Catholicks it is the vessel , or resting place of the blessed Sacrament , which is exposed on the Altar on Corpus Christi day , and during the Octaves . Q QVacksalber ( Belg. ) a pedling Chyrurgeon ; one that cures with Simples ; a Simple Physician , a Mountebank . Quadragenarious ( quadragenarius ) of or belonging to forty years . Quadragesimal ( quadragesimalis ) pertaining to Lent , or to the first Sunday in Lent , which is also called Quadragesima Sunday . Quadran ( Fr. ) a Sun Dial , Quadrain ( Fr. ) a Stanza or Staff of four Verses . Quadrangle ( quadrangulus ) a square plot or figure , having four angles or corners , and four sides . Quadrangular ( quadrangularis ) four cornered , four square . Quadrant ( quadrans ) the fourth part of a pound , or of any number or measure ; Also a Mathematical Instrument so called , being the quarter of a Circle . Quadrantal ( Lat. ) a figure square every way like a Dye ; Also used adjectively from Quadrantalis , four fingers thick or three inches . Quadrat ( quadratum ) a Geometrical square , whereby the distance and height of a place is known a far off , by looking through certain sights fixed thereon . Min. Quadrate Quadratick ( quadratus ) squared , four square , great and strong ; A square number is that which is made by multiplying some one number in it self , as four of two , and nine of three . Quadrature ( quadrature ) a square , or the squaring of any thing . Quadricornous ( quadricornis ) having four horns . Quadriennial ( quadriennis ) of four years . Quadr●gamist ( quadragamus ) a man four times married . Quadrigariou● ( quadrigarius ) pertaining to a Chariot-man . Quadrigenarious ( quadrigenarius ) of forty that contains forty . Quadrilateral ( quadrilaterus ) that hath four sides . Quadrigenarious ( quadrigenarius ) that contains four hundred . Quadripartite ( quadripartitus ) divided into four parts . Quadrir●me ( quadriremis ) a Ship or Galley with four Oars in a seat ; or rather a Galley wherein every Oar hath four men to draw it . See Quinquereme . Quadrisyllable ( quadrisyllabus ) that hath four syllables . Quadrivial ( quadrivialis ) consisting of four ways , or that hath four turnings or parting 's . Quadrupedant ( quadrupedans ) that goes on four feet . Quadrupedal ( quadrupes , edis ) a general name for any thing that hath four feet . Quadruple ( quadruplus ) four times so much , four-fold . Quadruplication ( quadruplicatio ) the doubling or folding a thing four times , a repeating or making four times over . Quadruplicate ( quadruplico ) to make four times so much as it was , to double four times . Quakers , a modern Sect , not much differing from the old Enthusiasts , and took name from their trembling and quaking , when in their Raptures and Enthusiasms , they vainly pretend the Spirit of God comes upon them . Quandary , a man is said to be in a Quandary , when he is in a study , or doubt what to do , or when to act what he hath in thought ; and 't is conjectured to come from quando ara , for that in the time of Heathenism , people would ask , quando ara ? when shall the sacrifice be made ? or when will the Altar be ready ? Quaranty ( quarenta Spa. ) forty ; see Quarantain . Quardicue ( Fr. quart d' escu ) the fourth part of a French Crown ; a silver coyn in France , worth about eighteen pence of our money . Quarantam ( Fr. ) Lent ; also a term of forty days , during which , prayers , or other devotion are in some places poured out for the dead ; sometime it is taken for forty days truce or cessation ; sometime for an indulgence or releasing of forty days penance . Quarentine ( from the Fr. Quarantaine ) is a benefit allowed by the Law of England , to the Widow of a landed man deceased , whereby she may challenge to continue in his chief Mansion house by the space of forty days after his decease . Of this see Bract. l. 2. cap. 40. And if the Heir or any other attempt to eject her , she may have the Writ de Quarantina habenda . Fitz. nat . br . fol. 161. Quarry ( besides that of stones ) signifies among Hunters a reward given to Hounds after they have hunted ; or Venison it self taken by hunting . Quarril ( Fr. ) the fourth part of a Spanish Real ; a smal coyn worth our three half-pence . Quartane ( quartanus ) belonging to the fourth ; As a Quartane Ague , so called because it comes every fourth day . Quartary ( quartarius ) the fourth part of a Sextary ; also a quarter of a pound . Quarter ( among Timber-men and Carpenters ) is a piece of timber commonly four square , and four inches thick , as it were a quarter or fourth part of a Beam. Of Corn or Malt it is eight Strikes . Quartil Aspect , a term in Astronomy ; see Aspect . Quassation ( quassatio ) a shaking , or bruising ; a brandishing . Quater Cosens , those that are in the last degree of kindred , or fourth Cousens ; But we commonly say such persons are not Quater Cos●ns when they are not good friends . Quaternary ( quaternarius ) containing four in number . Quate●nion ( quaternio ) four , or any thing divided by the number four . A Quire with four sheets , or a sheet folded into four parts . Quaternity ( quaternitas ) the number four , which ( says , Dr. Brown ) stands much admired , not onely in the quaternity of the Elements , which are the principles of Bodies , but in the Letters of the name of God , which in the Latin , Greek , Arabian , Persian , Hebrew , and Egyptian , consists of that number , and was so venerable among the Pythagorians , that they swore by it . Vul. Er. 206. Quaver in singing ( from quatio , to shake ; Quia vox cantando quatitur ) and semiquaver are the quickest times in Musick . Quercine ( quercinus ) oken , made of Okes. Querculane ( querculanus ) the same . Querimonious ( from querimonia ) that complains or makes mean. Querpo ; see Cuerpo . Querulous ( querulus ) that complains , or is full of complaints ; sounding , singing , chirping , shrill . Questuary Questuarious ( quaestuarius ) that exerciseth a craft , to the end to gain thereby . Br. Qu●rn ( Belg. ) a hand mill ; as a Pepper Quern , a Mill to grinde Pepper . Quest ( from the Lat. quaero ) an inquiry , search , inquisition , or seeking . Questmen ; see Sidemen . Questor ( Lat. Quaestor ) a Treasurer of the common Treasure , or of Wars ; also a Judge of Criminal matters . Quiddity ( quidditas ) the essence , being or definition of a thing ; a term in Philosophy ; also a Querk or subtle question . Quaditative ( quidditati● ) essential , intrinsecal , or belonging to the inmost being of a thing . Per. Inst . Quid pro quo , is an artificial speech in our Common Law , signifying as much as the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , among the Civilians , which is a mutual Protestation or performance of both parties to a Contract ; as a Horse and Ten pound , between the buyer and seller . Kitch . fol. 184. And used in our common speech , One for another ; as to render one Quid proquo , i. to give him as good as he brings . And is used by Apothecaries , when , instead of one thing they use another of the same nature . Quietus est , he is quiet or acquit ; it is commonly used for an acquittance or discharge upon an account . Quincuncial , pertaining to Quincunx , which is five ounces ; also an exact planting of trees in an Orchard , that is , the Rows and orders so handsomly disposed , or five trees so set together , that a regular angularity , and through-prospect is left on every side . Dr. Br. Cyrus Garden . Quincupedal ( Lat. ) a measure or rule of five foot long . Quindecimvir ( Lat. ) one of the Fifteen Magistrates that governed a Commonwealth , and were joyntly in Office. Quingenarious ( quingenarius ) of five hundred , or weighing five hundred pound . Quinquagesima Sunday , is always that which we vulgarly call Shrove-Sunday ; so called either because it is the fiftieth day before Easter , or the fifth Sunday before Passion Sunday ; see Sexagesima . Quinquangle ( quinquangulus ) five cornered , having five angles or corners . Quinque-libral ( quinque-libralis ) of five pound weight . Quinquennal Quinquennial ( quinquennalis ) that lasteth five years , is done from five years to five years , or is five years old . Quinquepartite ( quinquepartitus ) divided into five parts . Quinquereme ( Quinqueremis ) is a Galley , wherein every Oar hath five men to draw it ; the Quadriremes had four to an Oar ; and the Triremes , three . Some have thought that the Quinqueremes had five ranks of Oars , one over another , and the other Galleys ratably fewer ; but had this been so , they must then have had five Decks , each over other , which has seldom been seen in ships of a thousand Tuns ; nor could the third , fourth or fifth ranks have reached the water with their Oars . Sir Wat. Ral. Hist . l. 5. Also a little ship or Galley that has five Oars on a side . Quinquevit ( Lat. ) one of the five that are in the like Office and Authority . Quinquiplicate ( quinquiplico ) to multiply by fives or double five times . Quintage ( from quintus ) a fifth part , or a laying out of the fifth part of an inheritance for younger Brethren . Quintain or Quintin , a game or sport still in request at Marriages , in some parts of this Nation , specially in Shropshire ; the manner now corruptly thus , a Quintin , Buttress or thick Plank of Wood is set fast in the ground in the High-way , where the Bride and Bridegroom are to pass ; and Poles are provided , with which the young-men run a Tilt on Horse-back ; and he that breaks most Poles , and shews most activity , wins the Garland . But Stow in his Survey of London , p. 76. says , That in Ann. 1253. the Youthful Citizens , for an exercise of their activity , set forth a game to run at the Quintin , and whosoever did best , should have a Peacock for prise , &c. Quintal ( Span. ) a certain weight ; see Kintal . Quintessence ( quinta essentia ) the vertue , force or spirit of a thing ; it is a certain subtile and spiritual substance , extracted out of a thing , by separation from its corruptible Elements , differing really from its essence ; as Aqua vitae , of the spirit of Wine , &c. Quintessential ( quintessentialis ) belonging to quintessence . Quintile ( quintilis ) the moneth July , the fifth moneth from March , reckoning it for one ; see July . Quintuple ( quintuplus ) five times so much , five fold . Quinzain ( Fr. ) a term or delay of fifteen days ; also a staff of fifteen verses . Quirinal ( quirinalis ) of or pertaining to one of the seven Hills of Rome called Quirinalis , or to Rome it self ; see ●squilinus . Quirister , a Singer in a Quire , a Quire-man , a Chorister . Quiritation ( quiritatio ) a crying , bewailing , a calling for succor , properly of the Romans . Quod-libet ( Lat. ) what pleaseth ; a quirk or quiddity , In some Schools there are Quodlibets , or Quodlibetical Questions disputed pro and con , wherein a man may hold what part of the controversie he pleaseth ; in which disputations , are many witty quips , jeers , jests , &c. for entertainment of the Auditors . Thence some may call a Q●ip , that pleaseth some , though it offend others , a Quodlibet . Qu●dlibicaries ( from quod libet ) those that run after their own fancy or imagination , and do what they list . Quorum , is a word of distinction used in Commissions to Justices of the Peace , and other Officers , whereby direction is given that some business of importance shall not be done , but before them or one of them , and it is thus expressed , Quorum te A B. unum esse volumus . Hence 't is we say such a Justice or Commissioner is of the Quorum . Quotidian ( quotidianus ) done daily , that happens every day , ordinary . Quotie●t ( from quoties ) that part or portion , which ( in the division of a thing , among many ) falls to every ones share ; a term in Arithmetick . R. RAbbi . About the time of our Saviours nativity titles began to be multiplied among the Jews , and among the rest those of Rab , Rabbi and Rabban were in special use ; they are all derived from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Rabab , signifying multiplicatus fuit , and they sound as much as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , that is , a Master or Doctor , eminently gifted with variety of knowledge . Moses and Aaron , p. 29. Rabbinical , Rabbi - like , of the Rabbies or Doctors . Rabbinist , one that studies , or is cunning in the works of the Rabbies ; sometimes used for a Dunce . Rabdoma●cy ( Gr. ) Divination by Twigs or smal Wands . Rabet●n●s ( a term in Navigation ) the letting in of the Planks to the Keel of a Ship. Rabid ( rabidus ) Wood , or mad as a Dog ; furious , raging . Racemation ( racematio ) a gathering Grapes after the great clusters are gone ; a gleaning of Grapes . Racemiferous ( racemifer ) that bears kernels , or clusters of Grapes . Raca or Racha ( from the Hebr. Rach , i. to spit ; or from Ric , i. lightheaded or empty ) an imperfect or broken speech proceeding from an angry minde ; a word of reproach , signifying as much as a vain or empty fellow . Matth. 5.23 . Hence perhaps that opprobrious word of ours , a Rachil , or Rake-hel , i. such a one as if one should rake hell , his like would not be sound . Rachel ( Hebr. ) a Sheep or Lamb ; a womans name . Rack Vintage ( 31. H. 8. cap. 14. ) is a second Vintage or Voyage by our Merchants into France , &c. for Rack'd Wines , i. Wines so cleansed and purged , that they may be , and are drawn from the Lees. Radamanth ; see Rhadamanth . Radiant ( radians ) shining bright , casting beams of light , glittering . Radiation ( radiatio ) a brightness , and casting forth bright beams . Radical ( radicalis ) of , from , or belonging to , a root . Radical moisture ( humidum radicale ) the natural moisture spread like a dew in all parts of a living body , wherewith the parts are nourished ; which is so united with natural heat , that the one maintains the other , and both preserve life . Radicality , the belongingness of a thing to a root . Radicate ( radicor ) to take root , to be rooted . Raf●nage ( Fr. ) the refinement or quintessence of . Raf● ( Fr. ) a game with three Dice , wherein he that throws the greatest Pair-Royal , wins ; also a risling . Raf● ( Fr. Radeau ) a Float-boat of Timber . Ragot , the name of a cunning French-begger , who made a Book of all his own subtilties , and died very rich , some say worth 3000 l. Raillery ( Fr. ) jesting , boording , sport , merriment ; also a flout or scoff . Raing●r ; see Raunger . Raife ( Germ. ) contracted from Radulph , which , as Radulph , signifies help-council , not differing much from the Greek Eubulus . Rally ( Fr. rallier ) to reassemble , reunite , gather dispersed , or close dis-joynted , things together ; it is most used among Souldiers , when scattered troops are rallied or reunited . Ramage ( Fr. ) Boughes , Branches , or any thing that belongs thereto . Hence a Ramage Hawk or Faulcon , is such a one , as has been long among the Boughes and Branches , preying for himself ; a Hagard . Ramagious , belonging to the branches , wilde . Ramberge ( Fr ) a fashion of a long ship or sea-vessel , narrower then a Galley , but swift and easie to be governed . Rambooz , a compound drink , at Cambridge , & is commonly made of Eggs , Ale , Wine and Sugar ; but in Summer , of Milk , Wine , Sugar , and Rose water . Ramist , one that holds the same opinion with Ramus , a late famous Writer in divers Sciences . Ramosity ( ramositas ) fulness of Boughs , boughiness . Rampant ( Fr. rempant ) creeping , crawling , trailing along , or climbing ; a term in Heraldry , when a Lyon or other Beast is painted tearing up with his right fore-foot directly against the dexter point of the Escotcheon , as it were ready to combate with his enemy . Rampier ( Fr. Rempar , Belg. Rampard ) the Wall of a Fortress , or Bulwark . Rancid ( rancidus ) mouldly , musty , putrified , stinking , unsavory . Rancidity , mouldiness , mustiness . Rancor ( Lat. ) a rotten or stinking savor , malice , hatred , inward grudge , rankling , despight . Ranger ; see Raunger . Ransome ( Fr. rencon ) a Redemption , most commonly by paying a sum of money for redeeming a Prisoner of War. Ranters ; see Family of Love. Rapacious ( rapax , acis ) ravenous , extorting , greedy covetous , devouring . Rapacity ( rapacitas ) ravening , pilling , and polling , extortion , greediness . Rave ( rapus vel rapa ) is a part of a County , signifying as much as an Hundred ; as Southsex is divided into six parts ; which by a peculiar name are called Rapes , viz. The Rape of Chichester , of Arundel , of Brember , of Lewis , of Puensey , of Hastings . Cam. Brit. p. 225. Whom also see pag. 229. These parts are in other places called Tythings , Lathes , or Wapentakes . Smith de Rep. Angl. lib. 2. c. 16. Rape ( raptus ) is a Felony committed by a man , in the violent deflouring a woman , be she old or young . Brit. c. 1. This offence is with us Felony in the principal and his aiders , Anno 11. H. 4. cap. 23. Anno 1. Edw. 4. cap. 1. West . 2. cap. 13. Rape Wine ( Fr. rapé ) a very small Wine , coming of water cast upon the mother of Grapes , which have been pressed ; also the Wine which comes from a Vessel filled with whole and sound Grapes ( divided from the cluster ) and some Wine among , which being drawn out is supplied by the leavings of good Wine , put into the Vessel , and revived and kept in heart a whole year by the said Grapes . Raphael ( Heb. ) the Physick of God , Rapid ( rapidus ) sudden , quick , swift , violent , vehement ravenous . Rapidity ( rapiditas ) suddenness , swiftness , hastiness , quickness . Rapine ( papina ) robbery , pillage , plunder , taking by force . To take a thing secretly , is properly called theft ; openly , or by violence , is Rapine . Rapinous ( from rapina ) ravenous , greedy , violent , covetous , ravishing . Rapport ( Fr. ) a report , relation ; recital ; also a resemblance . Rapsody ( rapsodia ) an improper collection , a confused heaping up of many sentences . Rapsodist , one that makes or recites such collections . Rapture ( raptura ) a ravishing , the snatching or taking away a thing violently . Rarefie ( rarefacio ) to make more subtle , light and thin . Rarefaction ( rarefactio ) a making or becoming rare or thin . Raspe or Raspatory ( Fr. Raspatoire ) an Instrument of scraping or filing , such as Butlers use to rasp French Bread with , and differs from a File , being more gross . Rasure ( rasura ) a scraping , a shaving . Ratiocination ( ratiocinatio ) a discoursing , discussing , arguing , reasoning or debating a matter . Ratiocinative ( ratiocinativus ) belonging to reasoning or debating a matter in Argument . Rational ( rationalis ) reasonable , that hath the use of reason , done with reason . The soul hath three parts . 1. The Rational , the principle whereby we judge , discourse , and the like . 2. The Concupiscible , whereby we desire meat , coition , &c. 3. The Irascible , whereby we are emboldened , joyed , grieved , &c. Rational ( rationale ) an Ornament , which the High Priest of the Jews wore on his Brest , when he executed his Function , being four-square of the length of a span , made curiously of gold and twisted silk of divers colours , wherein were set 12 precious stones in four ranks of gold , and in every stone one of the names of the twelve sons of Jacob , was graven . Rationale , is also used in English , for a thing done by , or with reason ; or which shews the reason of another thing . Rationary ( rationarius ) of or belonging to account or reckoning . Rationality ( rationalitas ) reasonableness , or the power of reasoning . Ravage ( Fr. ) havock , spoil , a violent and sudden ransacking or forraging . Raucity ( raucitas ) hoarseness . Ravishment ( Fr. ravissement , i. direptio , raptus , &c. ) signifies in our Law an unlawful taking away , either a woman or an heir in Ward : Sometime it is used also in one signification with rape , ( viz. ) the violent deflouring a Woman . Raunger ( from the Fr. Rang , i a rank , row , list , order ) is an Officer of the Forest , but not within the Forest , having no charge of vert , but onely of Venison , that comes out of the Forest into his charge , or part of the Pourallee , to safe conduct them back again , &c. See Manw. part . 1. p. 50. and part . 2. c. 20. Re , of it self hath neither signification nor use ( other then as a Musical or singing Note ) in composition it commonly signifies again , mutually or back again : As to reassume ( reassumo ) to take again ; To re-edifie ( reaedifico ) to rebuild or build again ; To repel ( repello ) to thrust or put back , &c. Sometimes it alters not the sense ; as to remonstrate , relinquish , &c. Sometimes it gives an energy to the simple word ; as to redargue , to reclaim , &c. And sometimes a contrary sense ; as to reprove , &c. Reach , is the distance of any two Points of Land , which bear in a right line to one another ; which term is most commonly used in Rivers ; as Lime-house Reach , Greenwich Reach . &c. The Reach being counted so far , as you can see the Reach to lye in a straight line . Real ( Span. Ab armis Regis , monetae huic impressis ) a Spanish Coyn of equal value with our six pence . Ream of Paper ( from the Teut. Riemer , i. lorum ) as much as conveniently can be tyed with one string , which is twenty Quires , and to every Quire twenty four or twenty five sheets . Rea●ize ( Fr. realizer ) to make of a real condition , estate or property , to make real or essential . Rebate , is a term most used among Merchants and Tradesmen : As when a Merchant sells Wares to a Shop-keeper for one hundred pounds , to be paid at six months end ; if the Shop-keeper will at any time before the end of the six moneths , pay him the one hundred pounds , the Merchant commonly rebates for the time , that is , allows him so much as the interest of the 100 l. amounts to , for the time of such anti-payment . See Chamfering . And see Law of Conveyances , p. 206. Rebecca ( Hebr. ) fat and full ; a womans name . Rebeck ( Fr. Rebéc ) a Fiddle , or musical Instrument of three strings . Chaucer uses it for an old Trot. Rebesk work ; see Arabesque . Rebus ( Lat. ) Whereas ( says Camden ) Poesie is a speaking Picture , and Picture a speechless Poesie , they who wanted wit to express their conceit in speech , did use to depaint it out as it were in Pictures , which they called Rebus , by a Latin name , well fitting their devise . These our English in Edward the Thirds time , learnt of the pregnant Picardes , and were so well liked and entertained here by all degrees , that he was no body that could not hammer out of his name an invention by this wit-craft . John Eagleshead ( to notifie his name about his Arms , as I have seen ( says Cam. ) in an old Seal with an Eagles head ) set down this Verse , Hoc Aquilae caput est , signumque Figura Johannis . Nor are these inventions altogether laid aside at present : For one Mr. Yates , hath three Yates or Gates in his Seal , and the Motto , Sit quarta Coeli . And I have seen some Signs in London , that near amount to Rebusses , as one whose name is Choppington , has for his Sign an Ax , Chopping a Tun. But Rebusses may be of other matters as well as names ; and therefore may be defined to be Representations of ordinary or odd things , accompanied with equivocal Motto's or words , which as they stand , seem to make a Sentence , but pronounced without stop , describe the things represented . For example , a Fool being painted kneeling , with a Horn at his mouth , and the words Fol age nous trompe , near him ; pronounce them another way , and you have Fol à genous trompe . See Peacham , l. 3. p. 155. Recalcitrate ( recalcitro ) to kick or strike with the heel . Recant ( recanto ) to sing after another , to uncharm , to revoke or unsay a thing . Recapitulate ( recapitulo ) to rehearse , relate , or make a short repitition of a long discourse . Recargaison ( Fr. ) a backfraught , or the lading of a ship home . Recede ( recedo ) to recoil , retire , to go or swarve from , to return . Recent ( recens ) new , fresh , lusty , newly or lately made . Resensement ( Fr. ) or Recension ( recensio ) a reckoning , rehearsing , reviewing and numbering , an examination or trial of an account or number . Receptacle ( receptaculum ) a Store-house or Ware-house , any place fit for the receiving and safe keeping of things . Receptary ( Fr. Receptaire ) a note of Physical Receits . Receptitious ( receptitius ) that is received , kept , or reserved to ones use from another . Recepti●ity ( from recipio ) an aptness or capableness to receive or take in . Recesse ( recessus ) a recoiling , retiring , going away , back , or further off , a retreat ; see Access . Rhechabites , a sort of Sectaries , so called , from Rechab their Father . Jerem. 35.2 , 3 , 4 , &c. These neither drunk Wine , nor sowed Seed , nor built Houses , nor planted Vineyards ; but like strangers lived all their days in Tents . Ross . Rechear , the name of one of those Lessons which Hunters use in winding a Horn ; perhaps from the Fr Rechercher , i. to seek diligently ; because often times when they winde this Lesson , the Hounds have lost their game , or hunt a game unknown . Recidivation ( recidivatio ) a back-sliding ; a relapse or falling back into a sickness . Recipr●cal ( reciprocus ) that hath a recourse , respect or return from whence it comes , that ebbs and flows , mutual , interchangable , one for another . Reciprocation ( reciprocatio ) a returning , mutual , yeelding , or interchanging . Recision ( recisio ) a cutting off , away , or again . Recita●i●e ( recitativus ) that has openly read , or rehearsed aloud . Among the Italians it is an artificial way of singing . See Opera . Recluse ( reclusus ) closely kept in , or shut up , as a Monk or Nun , retired ; also disclosed . Recogitate ( recogito ) to weigh and consider in mind earnestly , to think and think again upon some thing , to revolve , to ponder in minde . Recognition ( recognitio ) a knowledge , a considering , a calling to remembrance , a reviving , or over-looking . Recognizance ( recognitio ) is defined in our Common Law to be a Bond of Record , testifying the Recognisor to owe to the Recognisee a certain sum of money , and is acknowledged in some Court of Record , or before some Judge , or other Officer of such Court , having authority to take the same : As the Masters of the Chancery , the Judges of either Bench , Barons of the Exchequer , Justices of Peace , &c. And those that are meer Recognisances are not sealed but enrolled ; and Execution by force thereof , is of all the Recognisors Goods and Chattels , except his draught Beasts , and Implements of Husbandry , and of the moyety of his Lands . West . part . 1. Symb. lib. 2. Tit. Recognizances . sect . 149. Recognize ( recognosco ) to call or bring into remembrance , to take notice or acquaintance of , to know again . Recollects , a Branch of the Franciscan Friers . Recopilation ( Span. ) a picking out , a collection , a gathering here and there , the best of things . Selden . Recordation ( recordatio ) a remembrance , a calling to mind . Recre●nt ( Fr. ) he that denies his own challenge , or eats his word ; wearied , faint-hearted , spent . Recrement ( recrementum ) any superflous thing , as dross , scum of mettals , dregs , or dross of perfume , that which is cut or pared away . Recriminate ( recriminor ) to lay a fault to his charge , that blames others . Rectangle ( rectangulus ) a streight or even Angle , a corner whose lines are joyned so , as no part falls longer or shorter then other . Rectanguled , that hath right Corners or Angles ; a term of Heraldry . Rectification ( from rectus & facio ) a rectifying or making right or straight . Rector ( Lat. ) a Governor , a Ruler , a Guider . In the Common Law , Rector Ecclesiae Parochialis , is he that has the charge or cure of a Parish Church . Rectorial , Rector-like , belonging to a Rector . Rectus in Curia , is he that stands at the Bar of a Court of Justice , and no man has any offence to object against him ; an upright person . Smith . ●de Repub. Angl. lib. 2. cap 3. See A. 6. Rich. 2. Stat. 1. cap. 11. Recuperate ( recupero ) to recover , rescue or get again . Recuperatory ( recuperatorius ) belonging to recovering , or to Judges delegate . Recurrent ( recurrens ) returning hastily , running again or back quickly , having recourse to ; Also a kinde of verses called Recurrents . Recurvate ( recurvo ) to bow or bend back , to make crooked . Recusant , was by Statute Law , any person that refufed to come to Church and hear the Common-Prayer read ; but the word is now almost wholly appropriated to the Roman Catholiques . Redamancy ( from redamo ) a loving of him , or her that loves us , a loving again , a mutual loving . Montagu . Redargue ( redarguo ) to reprehend , reprove or blame , to controle or disprove by argument or reason . Redargution ( redargutio ) a reprehending , checking or reproving . Reddition ( redditio ) a restoring , rendring or giving again . Redditive ( redditus ) delivered , restored ; apt to give again or repay . Redhibition ( redhibitio ) restitution of a thing to him that sold it , the causing of one by Law to take that again , which he sold . Redient ( rediens ) returning , coming or going back ; the Redient moon ( luna rediens ) the new Moon . Reditio● ( reditio ) a returning , a coming again . Redintegrate ( redintegro ) to begin again , to renew , to make again , to refresh . Redintegration ( redintegratio ) a renewing , a beginning afresh . Redituaries ( Fr. Redituaires ) an order of Franciscan Friers , which have Lands and Revenues ; therein differing from the Mendicants or begging Friers , who are to possess nothing . Redol●n● ( redolens ) fragrant , sweet smelling , yielding a savor or scent , odoriferous . Redonate ( redono● ) to give again a thing that is taken . Red Sea. See Erythraean ●ea . Redubbors ; are those that buy cloth , which they know to be stoln , and turn it into some other form or fashion . Britton . cap. 29. Reduction ( reductio ) a leading or bringing home again , a reducing or bringing back . Redulcerate ( redulcero ) to begin to make sore again , to renew a wound . Redundancy ( redundantia ) excessiveness , over-much , superfluity , surcharging . Reduplicate ( reduplico ) to re-double , or double often . Reduplication ( reduplicatio ) a redoubling . It is a figure in Rhetorick , when the same word that ends one part of a verse or sentence , is repeated in that which follows ; As — Facietis maxima Gallo , Gallo cujus Amor — Virg. And , Magna Reipub. spe sita est in juventute ; In juventute inquam illa . Cic. Reeve or Reve alias Greve from the Sax. Gere●a , a Governor , and that by rejecting the first syllable , which among the Saxons is usual . It signifies with us , the Bayliff of a Franchize or Mannor , especially in the West parts . Kitch . fol. 43. R●evo ( by corruption from the Span. Arriva , i. above As Arriva Castiliano , Up Castilian . Refectorn ( refectorium ) a place in Monasteries or Colledges , where the Company Dine and Sup together ; a Hall ; a refreshing or baiting place . Refection ( refectio ) a rereshing , a recreation ; a repast ; a repairing or mending a thing that is worn and decayed . Refel ( refello ) to prove false , to disprove , to refute ; to confute by reason and argument , Referendaries ( referendarii ) Officers under Comes Dispositionum ; who made relation of Petitions or Requests , exhibited to the Emperors , and his answer or pleasure rouching the same . The like Officers are under the Pope ; as also under the Masters of R●quests in France ; and are there otherwise called Rapporteurs . Refocillate ( refocillo ) to comfort , refresh , revive , make lusty again . Reformado ( Span. ) reformed . Vn Capitan reformado , a reformed Captain , one that having lost part of his men has the rest taken from him and put under another , himself being either casheired or continued in pay , either as an inferior Souldier , or for what he hath done formerly . Refractory ( refractorius ) wilful in opinion , froward rebellious , stubborn . Refracted ( refractus ) broken open , weakened . Refraction ( refractio ) a breaking open ; also a rebound . Refret ( Fr. refrain ) the Burthen or Down of a Song or Ballad . Refrigerate ( refrigero ) to cool , refresh , comfort ; to mitigate or asswage . Refuge ( refugium ) a sanctuary or succor ; a place of resting or safety . Refund ( refundo ) to melt , to dissolve , to melt again ; to re-flow ; to cast out again , to pay back . Refusion ( refusio ) a pouring back again . Regal ( regalis ) Royal , Sovereign , Majestick , Princely , pertaining to a King ; also a certain Musical Instrument , so called . Also a Jewel or Ring of great value , which a King of France offered at St. Thomas shrine at Canterbury , called the Regal of France , which Henry the Eighth , upon the dissolution , took thence , and wore on his own finger . To Regale ( from the Span. Regalar ) to make as much account , and take as great a care of ones self , as if one were a King ; to feast or entertain with rarities . Regaita , the Rights of a King , which the Civilians say are six , viz. 1. Power of Judicature . 2. Power of Life and Death . 3. All kind of Arming 4. Masterless goods . 5. Sessments . 6. And the value of money . Regalo ( Span. ) a costly dainty , a curiosity fit for a King. Regality ( regalitas ) Kingliness , the Estate or Authority of a King. Regardant ( Fr. ) a term in Heraldry , when a beast is painted looking back at one . Regarder ( Fr. Regardeur , i. Spectator ) is an Officer of the Forest , appointed to surview all other Officers , &c. Regenerate ( regenero ) to engender again , to renew ; also to resemble in nature and property . Regeneration ( regeneratio ) new birth , after we are once born naturally , to be born again spiritually ; renovation , Tit. 3.5 . Regent ( Regens ) a Governor or Ruler : Also a Reader , Teacher , Moderator of a Form in a Colledge ; or a Professor in some of the Liberal Sciences . Regerminate ( regermino ) to burgen again , to spring anew , to grow afresh . Regible ( regibilis ) easie to be ruled . Regifical ( regificus ) Royal , Princely , pompous , sumptuous . Regiment ( regimentum ) Government , Rule ; a Regiment of Souldiers , is the proper command of a Colonel : If it be of Horse , it commonly consists of five , six , seven , or eight Troops : If of Foot , it usually hath eight , nine , ten , eleven or twelve Companies . Reglutinate ( reglutino ) to unglue , or glue again . Reguardism ( Fr. ) Fox-like subtilty , sliness , crastiness , falseness ; and to Regnardise , to play the Fox . Regrater ( Fr Regrateur , i. a Huckster , or one that trims up old Wares for sale ) in our Law did antiently signifie such as bought by the great , and sold by retail . Ann. 27. Ed. 3. Stat. 1. cap. 3. But now it signifies , him that buyes and sells any Wares or Victuals in the same Market or Fair , or within five miles thereof . Anno 5. Ed. 6. ca. 14. Ann. 5 Eliz. ca. 12. and 13 Eliz. cap. 25. Regratulate ( regratulor ) to rejoyce again in ones behalf , to be glad again , to return thanks . Regresse Regression ( regressus ) a returning , recoiling or going back . Regret ( Fr. ) desire or humor unto ; also grief , sorrow , repentance . To do a thing with regret , is to do it unwillingly , or with an ill stomack . Regulars ; see Secular Priests . Re-imbosce ( from the Spa. Emboscar , to lie in ambush ) to lie again in ambush , or return to the Wood. Reintegrate ; see Redintegrate . Reioynder ( from the Fr. Rejoindre , i. to rejoyn , or joyn again ) signifies in our Common Law , as much as Duplication with the Civilians , that is , an Exception or Answer to a Replication : For first , the Plaintiff exhibites his Bill , the Defendant answers , then the Plaintiff replies to that Answer , which is called a Replication , to which the Defendant rejoyns , which is called a Rejoynder , especially in Chancery-Westm . part . 2. Symb. Tit. Chancery . Sect. 56. Reiver ( Fr. ) a Swartrut●r , or Ruyter , or German Horsman : Also a fashion of long Cloaks , usually worn by them ; see Swart-Ruiter . Reiterate ( reitero ) to repeat , to do or say a thing again . Relatist ( from refero ) one that rehearseth or relateth ; a reporter . Relative ( relativum ) which hath relation to some other thing . Relaxate ( relaxo ) to loose , to set at large , to release , to undo , to refresh . Relay ( from the Fr. Relais ) a term of Hunting , when they set Hounds in readiness , where they think a Deer will pass , and cast them on , after the other Hounds are past by . Relief ( from the Lat. relevo ) a certain payment , which some Heirs ( being at full age , at the death of their Ancestor ) made to the Lord , of whom their Lands were holden , at their entrance . Bract. l. 2. c. 36. Now taken away by Act 1656 ca 4. and a rent to be paid in lieu thereof . Relegation ( relegatio ) a banishing , a sending away , a severing or exiling . Where abjuration is in our Common Law , a forswearing the Realm for ever ; Relegation is taken for a banishment for a time onely . Shep. Relent ( relentesco ) to wax soft or limber ; also to grow pittiful or compassionate . Relevate ( relevo ) to raise or list up again ; also to relieve or asswage . Relict ( relictum ) a thing left or forsaken ; a remnant or arrearage ; It is commonly applied to a Widow , who is called the Relict of such a one , her deceased Husband . Religate ( religo ) to tye hard or again , to binde fast . Reliquary ( Fr. reliquaire ) a Coffin , Casket , or Shrine , wherein Relicks are kept . Relique● ( reliquiae ) things left or remaining . Sometimes taken for the bodies , or some part of the bodies , or somewhat which hath touched the bodies of Saints now in Heaven . Reliquator ( Lat. ) he that is behinde in payment , or in arrear ; he that hath in his hands some part of that which should be paid . Reluctate ( reluctor ) to contend , strive , struggle , or wrestle against . Remai●der ( remanentia ) signifies a power , hope or possibility to enjoy Lands , Tenements or Rents , after the estate of another expired . For example , a man may let Land to one for term of his life , the Remainder to another for term of his life . Littleton , chap. Atturnment , fol. 113. Remancipate ( remancipo ) to sell again any thing to him , who first sold it to us , or to put again into his hands of whom we bought it . Remansion ( remansio ) an abiding , a tarrying behind , a remaining . Remigation ( remigatio ) a rowing , or sailing back . Remigration ( remigratio ) a returning , a going back , a coming again . Reminiscence ( reminiscentia ) remembrance of things which were once before in mind . Remissible ( from remitto ) remittable , pardonable , forgiveable , releaseable . Remissionary ( Fr. remissionaire ) whose offence is remitted . Remonstrance ( from remonstro ) a warning , admonition , declaration , a shewing or giving reasons . Also an instrument so called by the Romanists , and made of silver or gold , to expose the blessed Sacrament on the Altar . R●mons●rant● ; see Arminians . Remora ( Lat. ) a little fish , called a Suckstone or Sea Lamprey , which , cleaving to the Keel of a ship , hinders the course of it ; Also a tarrying , hindring or letting . Remorse ( remorsus ) the worm or sting of conscience , staggering of mind , repentance for somewhat said or done . Remunerate ( remunero ) to recompence , reward or requite , to give one gift for another received . Renardism ; see Regnardism . Rencontre ( Fr. ) a hap or adventure ; also a second meeting or encounter ( as of adverse Troops , which on a sudden or by chance , fall foul one on another ) an accidental getting or obtaining ; Also an apt or unpremeditated jest , conceit , or witty saying . Rendevous ( Fr. Rendezvous , q. rendez vous à le General ) a place appointed for the Assembly or meeting of Souldiers . Renegado ( Span. Renegat , Fr. ) one that abjures his Religion , or forswears his Profession ; a Souldier that revolts or runs away from his own party to the enemy . Renitence or Renitency ( from renitor ) a resistance , a hard thrusting or endeavoring against ; It may also come from reniteo , and then it signifies a bright shining or glistering Mr. Mont. Renodate ( renodo ) to undo , or unknit a knot ; also to knit fast or again . Re●ovate ( renovo ) to renew or make again ; to refresh , or recreat , to begin again . Renversed ( Fr. Renversé ) over-turned , over-thrown , turned inside out , or upside down ; perverted . Renversed eyes , are taken for decayed eyes , or those that stand in the head . Renumerate ( renumero ) to pay money again that was received ; to retel , to recount , to number again . Renunciate ( renuncio ) to make relation , to bring word again , to report ; to proclaim or declare openly , to tell what is done . Renvo● ( Fr. ) a sending back , a dismission ; a referring from one to another . Repandous ( repandus ) bent , bowed , broad beneath . Repartie ( Fr. ) a subdivision or re-division ; also a reply . Repast ( repastus ) properly a feeding or eating again ; but in the Inns of Court it signifies a single meal taken in the Hall by any one of the Society , who is not in Commons that week . Repastinate ( repastino ) to dig again about Vines , to alter grounds with often digging and laboring . Repatriate ( repatrio ) to return again to ones Native Country . Repensation ( repensatio ) a making recompence . Repentine ( repentinus ) sudden , unlooked for , unawares . Repercussi●e ( repercussus ) stricken or striking again , beaten or cast back , that which redoubles , reflects , or resounds ; or that hath power to drive back . Repercussive ( from repercutio ) a Medicine that repels or drives pain from the place whereto it is applied . Repertible ( from reperio ) which may be found , gotten , or recovered . Repertitious ( repertitius ) that is found by adventure , and sometimes by advice . Repertory ( repertorium ) an Inventory of ones goods , a Register , List , Roll , or Index . Repignerate ( repignero ) to redeem a pledge or gage ; also to replevy a distress . Replete ( repletus ) full , fat , replenished , filled . Re●ievy ( Plevina ) is the bringing of the Writ called Repligiari facias , by him that has his Cattel or other goods distrained by another for any cause , and putting in surety to the Sheriff , that upon delivery of the thing distrained , he will prosecute the Action against the distrainer . It is also used for the bailing a man. Pl. Cor. fol. 72 , 73 , 74. Replication ( replicatio ) an unfolding , a replying , a confirmation of ones saying with new allegations . See Rejoynder . Report , is a Relation of the opinion or judgement of a Referree , upon any case or difference referred to his consideration by a Court of Justice , most commonly the Chancery . Reportator ( Lat ) he that carries back . Reposition ( repositio ) a putting or setting again in his place ; a restitution . Reposition of the Forest , was an act whereby certain Forest grounds being made Purlieu upon view , were by a second view laid to the Forest again . Manw. part . 1. pag. 178. Repository ( repositorium ) a Storehouse or Ware-house to keep things in . Reprisal ( Fr. Reprisaillé ) a taking , a resting , or seising on , for a distress or pledge ; also a Prize . Reprisals are all one in the Common and Civil Law ; Est potestas pignorandi contra quemlibet de terra debitoris data creditori pro injuriis & damnis acceptis . This among the antient Romans was called Clarigation ( from clarigo , i. res clare repeto . ) It is called in the last Statute of 27 Ed. 3. cap. 17. Law of Marque . And the reason may be , because one destitute of Justice in another Territory , redresses himself by the Goods belonging to persons of that Territory , taken within his own bounds ; see Law of Marque ; and see Acts 1649.38 . and 1650.7 . Reprise Fr. ) a taking back or again ; But in our Law , Reprises signifie deductions , and duties , that are yearly paid out of a Mannor ; as Rent-charges , Pensions , Annuities , Fees of Stewards or Bayliffs , &c. Hence we say the Mannor of A. yields so much clear yearly rent Vltra Reprisas , besides all Reprises . Rep● ( from the Lat. reprendere , to take back ) is properly to take back or remand a Prisoner , and respite the execution and proceeding of the Law against him for that time . It is also used substantively . Reprobate ( reprobus ) wicked , naughty , cast out of Gods favor . Also used substantively . Rept●le or Reptitious ( reptitius ) that creeps ; or , by privy means , gets to high estate . Repudiable ( from repudio ) refuseable , rejectable , forsakeable . Repudiate ( repudio ) to forsake as one doth his wife , to refuse or put away . The ancient Romans had three kinds of separation in Marriage ; The first they called Repudiation , which was done by the man against the will of the woman ; And the first man that thus repudiated his wife was Spurius Carvilius , because she was barren , &c. The second manner was called Divorce , and this was done with the consent of both , and to either of them , it was permitted to require it ; the party suing for it , used these words , Res tuas tibi habet● , vel , Res tuas tibi agito . The third manner was termed Direption , and this was done according to the Princes will 1 part Tr. of Times , Repudious ( repudiosus ) villanous , dishonest , reproachful , that one refuseth and abhors much . Repugnancy ( repugnancia ) contrariety , disagreement of things one with another . Repullulate ( repullulo ) to bud out , to cast forth buds , to burgen and spring again . Re●umicate ( repumico ) to raze with a Pumice , to make slick or smooth . Requiem ( the Accusative Case of requies , i. rest or ease ) as to sing a Requiem for the dead , whereby is understood a Mass for the dead , which begins chiefly with these words , Requiem aeternam dona eis , Domine , & lux perpetua luceat eis . Rescind ( rescindo ) to cut or break down , or in sunder ; to take away , to destroy ; to repeal an Act or Law. Rescission ( recissio ) a cutting again , an undoing or making a marriage void . Recissory Rescissorian ( recissorius ) that makes void ; as recissoria actio , an Action that fore-doeth or makes void a thing . Rescous ( Fr. rescousse ) redemption , delivery ; the rescuing or taking an engaged thing from , as an arrested person out of the hands of Bayliffs . Rescribendary ( from rescribo ) an Officer in some of the Courts of Rome , who taxeth or valueth supplications . Rescript ( rescriptum ) a writing back , or answer given to other Letters ; and hence the answer of a Petition , the return of a Writ . Resentment ; see Ressentiment . Reseration ( reseratio ) an opening or unlocking . Resiance ( from resideo ) signifies a mans abode , or continuance in a place . Old nat . br . fol. 85. Whence also comes the Participle [ resiant ] that is continually dwelling or abideing in a place . Kitch . fol. 33. It is all one with Residence , but that custom of speech ●es Residence only to persons Ecclesiastical . Recedentiary ( from resideo ) one that resides or abides in a place ; also the place where . Resignation ( resignatio ) a resigning , an unsealing , a surrendring or yielding up . It is used particularly for the giving up a Benefice or spiritual Living into the hands of the Ordinary . Resilience ( from resilio ) a leaping or skipping back , a rebounding ; a going from ones word . Bac. The French use Resiliment in the same sense . Resinous ( resinosus ) full of rozen or gum . Dr. Br. Resipiscence ( resipiscentia ) repentance , a returning to understanding , a second thinking , wiser then the first . Resonant ( resonans ) sounding or ringing again with an Eccho , roaring . Respiration ( respiratio ) a breathing , refreshing or resting . Respite or Respight of Homage ( respectus Homagii ) was the forbearing of Homage which ought first of all to be performed by the Tenant , that held by Homage ; which Respite was paid upon divers good reasons , but most frequently by such as held by Knights service in Capite ; who because the Prince could not be at leisure to take their Homage , did pay into the Exchequer , every fifth term , some small sum of money for respite till the Prince might be at leasure to take it in person . This is now abrogated , with the Court of Wards , by Act 1656. c. 4. Response ( responsum ) an Answer , an Oracle , a Prophecy . Responsory ( as Cantus responsorius , where one verse or line answers another ; ) answerable , responsible , or that answereth . Responsion ( responsio ) an answering , a Surety , or Suretiship , an Assurance . Respondent ( respondens ) he that answers to Interrogatories at Doctors Commons , is so termed by the Civilians . Ressentiment ( Fr. ) a full taste , a true feeling , a sensible apprehension of a resentment . Restagnant ( restagnans ) running over , over-flowing . Restauration ( restauratio ) a restoring , a reinstalling , a renewing or repairing . Restible ( restibilis ) which heareth every year , that is sown or delved every year , that springs up again , and quickens after it was thought to be dead . Restipulate ( restipulo ) to make answer to an Action , by waging the Law , to lay in a Pledge or Gage to answer in the Law. Restive or Rest● ( Fr. rèstif ) stubborn , drawing backwards , that will not go forward . Restiveness , stubbornness , drawing backward . Restriction ( restrictio ) a restraint , a straitning or binding , a moderation . Resudation ( resudatio ) a sweating or sweaty dropping . Resverie ( Fr. ) a raving , idle talking , dotage , trifling ; folly , vain fancy . Resumption ( resumptio ) a taking again . Resupination ( resupinatio ) a turning upwards or upright ; a tumbling upside down . Sir H. Wott . Resuscitate ( resuscito ) to raise or set up again , to renew , to set in the former strength . Retailler ( Fr. ) to shred , pare , slip , or cut often ; for so do Retaillers , or those that sell by Retaile , in selling their Wares or Commodities in pieces or parcels ; contrary to those that sell in gross , by the great , or by whole-sale , as they call it . Retainer ( from retineo ) is taken for a Servant , not menial , nor domestick , that is , not continually dwelling in the house of his Lord or Master ; but attending him on Festival days , or at such time onely , when he is thereunto required . Retaliate ( retalio ) to requite , or do like for like . Retard ( retardo ) to stop , stay or hinder , to fore-slow . Retent ( retentus , à retineo ) kept or holden back , staied , retained , kept in . Retent ( from retento ) unbent . Retention ( retentio ) a holding , a retaining , a staying back , a restraining , a keeping in ones hands . Retentive ( from retineo ) the retaining force of nature , wherein food is held in the Stomack , till it be fully concocted ; retaining , holding back . Retiary ( retiarius ) he that casts a net , properly in fighting to take his enemy . Reticence ( reticentia ) silence , concealment , councel-keeping , when one holds his peace , and utters not the thing he should tell . Reticle ( reticulum ) a little Net , a Casting-net . Reticulate ( reticulatus ) made like a Net or Lettice . Retinacle ( retinaculum ) a stay or hold , any thing whereby another is retained or held back . Retorted ( retortus ) twisted again , thrown or wrested back , returned or writhen again violently . Retract ( retracto ) to call or draw back , to revoke a thing that is done , or unsay what one hath said . Retribution ( retributio ) a rendring or giving again , a recompencing , a restoring . Retriment ( retrimentum ) the dregs of a thing , the dross of mettal , all kind of supersluities and rubbish . Retrive ( from the Fr. Retrover , to find again ) is a term in Hawking , when the Partridges have been once sprung ' then to spring or find them again , is called to Retrive ; but may be properly used upon other occasions . R●tro ( the Latin Adverb ) signifies , back , behind or backward ; and is often used in composition . Retroactive ( retroactus ) casting or driving backward . Retrocede ( retrocedo ) to give back , to retire , to recoil . Retrocession ( retrocessio ) a going back , or retreating . Retrocopulation ( retrocopulatio ) a joyning or coupling backward . Br. Retroduction ( retroductio ) a bringing , leading or drawing back . Retrograde ( retrogredior ) to go backward , to recoil , or return back . Retrogradation ( retrogradatio ) a going back . Retrogression Retroition the same . Retromingents ( from retro and mingo ) is used by Dr. Brown , for such Animals , as Urine or Piss backward ; such are all female Quadrupedes . And Retromingency , for a staling or pissing backward . Retrospection ( retrospectio ) a looking back . Retusion ( retusio ) a dulling or making blunt . Reve ; see Reeve . Revelation ( revelatio ) a revealing , a discovering , opening , or disclosing . Revels ( from the Fr. Reveiller , i. to awake from sleep ) are with us sports of Dancing , Masking , Comedies , and such like , still used in the Inns of Court , and Houses of some great Personages ; and are so called , because they are performed by night ; There is also an Officer , called , The Master of the Revels , who has the ordering and command of these pastimes . Revene ( revenio ) to come again , to return . Reverberate ( reverbero ) to strike or beat back again , to reflect . Reverbitory or Reverberatory ( reverbitorium ) a Lymbeck , or Furnace , in which materials are calcined by the fire or flame . Paracel . To Revere ( revereor ) to fear , and have in honor and reverence . Reverie ; see Resvery . Reverential ( reverens ) that doth reverence , honor and fear ; reverent , full of reverence . Reverse ( Fr. ) a back-blow , or stroke , a blow with the back of a hand or sword ; the back or back-side of any thing Reversed ( reversus ) turned back , or upside down . A term in Heraldry , when Arms , or any part of them are turned the lower part upward . Revert ( reverto ) to return , to come again to a place or thing . Reverticle ( reverticulum ) a place to return unto . Revestiary ( from revestio ) a Vestry in a Church , where the Priest Vests or Clothes himself ; a Revestry . Reviviction ( from revivisco ) a recovering life , a reviving , a coming to the old state again . Revocable ( revocabilis ) that may be revoked or called again . Revolution ( revolutio ) a returning back to the first place or point , the accomplishment of a Circular course . Rewish , earnest in copulation , spoken of the Pigeon . Revulsion ( revulsio ) a pulling up , or plucking away ; also the drawing or forcing humors from one part of the body into another . Rhabdomancy ( rhabdomantia ) a divination by a Rod or Staff. Rhadamant , taken for a severe Judge ; from Rhadamanthus , a feigned Judge in Hell , Qui severus fuit Justitiae executor . Rhapsodie ; see Rapsodie . Rhedarious ( rhedarius ) of or serving for a Cart or Chariot . Rheuish Wine , so called from the River Rhine in Germany , upon whose banks grow those Grapes which make it ; see Baccharach . Rhetorick ( rhetorice ) the Art and Science of Eloquence , or of speaking well and wisely ; first invented by Empedocles . It is the force or faculty of perceiving or finding out that , in any matter , which is most perswasive . Isocrates saith , the Office of a Rhetorician is , Ex parvis magna , ex magnis parva efficere . Rhetorical ( rhetoricus ) skilful in Rhetorick , that speaks eloquently . Rhomb ( rhombus ) a Spining Wheel , Reel , or Whirle ; also a figure that has equal sides , and unequal Angles ; as a quarry of glass , &c. Rhombi are also the points of the Mariners Compass ; see Rumbe . Rhomboidal , pertaining to , or like a Rhomb . Rhonchisonant ( rhonchisonus ) which imitates the noise or sound of snorters , and pertains to mocking . Rhyparographer ( rhyparographus ) a painter of trifles or base things . Rhythmical ( rhythmicus ) made in rhyme or meeter , that speaks in meeter , number , harmony or proportion . Rialto , is to Venice , as the Royal Exchange to London . Ribadavis , a mild kinde of White-wine , made at a Town so called among the Mountains of Galicia , but not of body enough to bear the Sea. Ribauldry ( from the Ital. ribalderia , or Fr. ribauldise ) Roguery , Ruffianism , Whoredom , Whore-hunting . Ribolla , a sort of excellent strong Wines ( so called ) both white and red , made in the Island Zant. Sands . Richero ( Sax ) powerful and rich disposition , as Richer , an antient Christian name , signified powerful in the Army , or rich Lord , and was but Herric reversed ; Aventinus turns it , treasure of the Kingdom . Ricture ( rictura ) the gaping of bruit beasts . Riding● , are the names of the parts or divisions of Yorkshire , being three ( viz ) West-Riding , East-Riding , and North-Riding . Rie is a Saxon word , signifying as much as regnum in Latin. Cam. Brit. p. 346. Rigation ( rigatio ) a watering , a sprinkling , a moistening or wetting . Rigid ( rigidus ) cold , frozen , stiff ; hard , cruel , fierce , rough , sturdy . Rigor ( Lat. ) a very great cold ; severity , roughness , rudeness , extremity . Rimmon ( Hebr. i. a Pomegranat ) an Idol among the ancient Hebrews ; mentioned 2 Kings 5.18 . Rimosous ( rimosus ) full of chincks , chaps , or clefts . Ring-walk , a round walk made by Hunters . Riot ( Fr. Riote , i. a bralling or contention ) signifies the forcible doing an unlawful act , by three or more persons assembled together for that purpose . West . part . 2. Symbol . Tit. Indictments , Sect. 65. P. The differences and agreements between a Riot , Rout , and unlawful Assembly . See in Lamb. Eiren. lib. 2. cap. 5 , &c. see the Stat. 1. Mar. 1. cap. 12. Kitch . fol. 19. and Cromptons Justice of Peace , fol. 53. Riparious ( riparius ) that uses or abides in the water banks . Ripiers ( from Ripa , i. a bank or shore ) are those that use to bring fish from the Sea-coast to the Inner parts of the Land. Cam. Brit p. 234. Rision ( risio ) a laughing , a mocking , a scorning . Risque ( Fr. ) peril , jeopardy , danger , hazard , chance . Ritual ( ritualis ) of or belonging to Custom or Rites , customary , ceremonious . Rituals ( rituales libri ) Books so called , which contain and prescribe the Rites and Ceremonies of the Roman Catholick Church , with the manner of them . Rivage ( Fr. ) the Sea-shore or coast ; a water-bank or Sea-side . Rivals ( rivales ) they that haunt , or dwell by , have interest or fetch water from , the same River or Brook : But it is most commonly used Metaphorically for those that love and woo the same woman ; Corivals . Rivality ( rivalitas ) the envy between two persons loving one woman . Rivulet ( rivulus ) a little River , a Brook. Rixation ( rixation ) a chiding or brawling . Robert ( Germ. ) famous in Council ; for it is written most antiently Rodbert : ●ad , Red , and Rod , signifying Council . Cam. Robertines , a Religious Order ( if not the same , not much different from the Mathurins ) which owes its original to one Robert Flower , son of Took Flower , who had been twice Mayor of York , who , forsaking the fair lands left him by his Father , betook himself to a solitary life about the Rocks in Nisdale in Yorkshire , and at Knaresborough was erected the first and last House of his Order . Robiginous ( robiginosus ) much blasted , rusty . Robigus , a God among the Romans , that kept Corn from blasting ; to whom , and to that end , those Feasts called Robigalia were sacred . Robur , a place in the Prison of the old Romans , from whence Malefactors were thrown headlong . Roborean ( roboreus ) made of Oak , or such like strong Timber . Roburnean ( roburneus ) of or belonging to Oak . Robusteous ( robusteus ) strong like Oak , made of Oak , Oaken . Rochet ( Fr. ) a Frock , loose Gaberdine , or Gown of Canvas , worn by a Laborer over the rest of his Clothes ; Also a Prelates Rochet . Rod ( pertica ) is otherwise called a Pearch , and is a measure of land containing sixteen foot and an half long ; see Pearch . Rodage ( Fr. ) a certain Toll exacted by some Countrey Lords in France , upon every Wain that passes ( though in the High-way ) near their Seigniories , whether it be laden or no ; if it be , they will be paid both for the Load , and for the Cart. Cot. Rode ( from the Belg. Ree or Reed , i. statio navium ) a Station , Bay , or Harbor for ships . It may come from the Fr. Rade ) from Radenda terra , in which sence , is that of Virg. 7. Aeneid . Proxima Circeae raduntur littora terrae . Rodomond ( Fr. ) a Bragger , a boaster , a vain-glorious fellow , one that uses Rodomontades . Rodomontade ( Ital. Rodomontada ) a brag , boast , crack , vain-glorious bravado . Rogalian Rogal ( rogalis ) of or pertaining to a great fire ; Ignis rogalis , a Bonfire . Rogation ( rogatio ) a Question or Demand ; a Desire or Request , a Praying . Rogation week ( Sax. Gangdagas , i. days of perambulation ) is always the next but one before Whitsonday ; and so called , because on Munday , Tuesday and Wednesday of that week , Rogations and Litanies were used ; and fasting , or at least abstinence , then enjoyned by the Church to all persons , not onely for a preparative to the joyful remembrance of Christs glorious Ascension , and the Descention of the Holy Ghost in form of Cloven Tongues shortly after ; but also to request and supplicate the blessing of God upon the Fruits of the Earth . And in this respect the solemnization of Matrimony is forbidden from the first day of the said week , till Trinity Sunday . The Belgians call it Cruys-week , i. Cross-week , and so is it called in some parts of England because of old ( as still among Roman Catholiques ) when the Priests went on Procession this week , the Cross was carried before them . The first institution of this weeks solemnities , is by Historians referred to Claudius Mamertus , Bishop of Vienne in France . In the North of England 't is called Gang-week , from the Ganging or going on Procession , &c. for Gang there , as in the old Saxon , signifies to go . In the Inns of Court it is called Grass-week , because the Commons of that week consist much of Salads , hard Eggs and Green-sauce upon some of the days . The Feasts of the old Romans called Robigalia and Ambarvalia ( quod victima arva ambiret ) did in their Heathenish way somewhat resemble these institutions , and were kept in May in honor of Robigus . Rogatists ; see Circumcelians . Rogitate ( rogito ) to bid , intreat , require often , or beg . Roger ( Germ. Ruger ) quiet , the same with tranquillus in Latin. Frodoard writes it always Rotgarius or Rodgarus , so it seems to signifie , all Council , or strong Council . Rolls , a terms among Book-binders ; as Books in Rolls are those which have a Roll of Gold on the edges of the Cover ; and in Fillets , is when they have Lines or Fillets of Gold on the out-side of the Cover . Romanize ( romanizo ) to imitate the speech or fashion of Rome , or the Romans . Romance ( Span. ) a feigned History , either in Verse or Prose in the Vulgar Language ; the first news we heard of this word , was from a Poem writ in French , by John Clopinel alias Meung , entituled Le Roman de la Rose , and afterward translated into English by Chaucer ; but we now give the name Romance most commonly to a feigned History writ in Prose . Romancist ( from the Spa. Romancista ) one that composes such Romances . Romant , the most eloquent French , or any thing written eloquently , was in old time termed Romant of the Roman , or most eloquent Language . In the confines of Germany and Lorain , the Language that is not German , is at this day called Romant . Cot. Romescot , was a tribute paid to Rome , first granted by Ossa , a Saxon King. Rondach ( Fr. ) a round Target or great Buckler . Rondacher ( Fr. ) a Targettier , or one that serves with a Rondache . Rondelier ( Fr. ) a maker of Bucklers , or of round Targets ; also a Soldier that serves with one of them . Rood ( roda terrae ) is the fourth part of an acre of Land. An. 5. Eliz. cap. 5. See Pearch . Rood ( Sax. ) a Cross , or an image of Christ on the Cross . Hence the Invention of the Holy Cross by St. Helen , 3. May. and the exaltation of it , 14. Septemb. are called Holy Rood-dayes . Roodloft ( Sax. ) a Shrine whereon was placed the Cross of Christ . The Rood was an Image of Christ on the Cross , made generally of wood , and erected in a Loft for that purpose , just over the passage out of the Church into the Chancel . Fuller . Roral ( roralis ) of or belonging to dew , dewy , that may be sprinkled like dew . Rorid ( roridus ) dewy , moist . Roriferous ( rorifer ) that makes or brings dew . Rorulent ( rorulentus ) covered with , or full of dew . Rose , when we desire to confine our words , we commonly say , they are spoken under the Rose , and the German custom describes a Rose in the Seeling over the Table ; the original whereof Lemnius and others have thus recorded ; The Rose was the flower of Venus , which Cupid comsecrated to Harpocrates , the God of Silence , and was therefore an Emblem thereof , to conceal the pranks of Venery , as is declaed in this Tetrastick . Est Rosa flos Veneris , cujus quo facta laterent , Harpocrati Matris , dona dicavit Amor ; Inde Rosam Mensis hospes suspendit Amicis , Convivae ut sub ea dicta tacenda sciant . Rosary ( rosarium ) a Garden or bed of Roses , a place where Roses grow ; a Garland of Roses ; an ordinary Limbeck for distilling Rose-water ; also a pair of Beads , called Fifteens , containing Fifteen Pater Nosters , and 150 Aves ; much used by such Romanists , who are of the Archconfraternity of the Rosary , instituted by St. Dominick ; Also an ancient coyn so called . Roscid ( roscidus ) wet or moistned with dew , dewy . Rosion ( rosio ) a gnawing , a griping , a biting , a nibling . Rot , a term of war ; six men ( be they Pikes or Musketiers ) make a Rot or File ; see Brigade . Rotal ( rotalis ) of or belonging to a wheel . By Rote ( rotatim ) rowllingly , roundly ; when one has a lesson by heart , and says it as roundly and perfectly as a wheel runs in his ( rota ) track . The French say , Par rotine : Rotundity ( rotunditas ) roundness . Rouge Cross and Rogue Dragon , the names of two Pursuivants at Arms ; see , Harold . Roundel , a kind of Ball or such like round substance in Blazon , of which Heralds reckon nine sorts . Guillim . Roundelay , a Shepheards dance ; sometimes used for a Song . Roundlet , a certain measure of Wine , Oyle , &c. containing eighteen Gallons and an half . Rounds , Statues and their fragments are so called by Painters . Rowland or Rolland ( Ger. ) whereas it was antiently written Rodland , it may seem to signifie Councel for the Land ; and the first I finde so named was Landwarden in France , under Carolus Magnus against the Piracies of the Normans . The Italians use Orland for Rowland , by Metathesis . Royalist ( Fr. ) one that takes the Kings part , a Lover of Kingship . Royalty , the right or prerogative of a King , the Royalties of a Mannor are , the Waifs , Strays , Fishing , Fowling , &c. Rubefy ( rubefacio ) to make red , to make one blush . Rubicon , the name of a River in Italy over which Julius Caesar passed in the beginning of his Expedition against Pompey ; whence to pass the Rubicon , is used proverbially , to undertake a great and dangerous exploit . Rubicundous ( rubicundus ) very red or ruddy , blood red . Rubid ( rubidus ) reddish , somewhat red or ruddy . Rubiginous ( rubiginosus ) foul , musty , blasted . Rubor ( Lat. ) shamefac'dness , redness , blushing . Rubrick ( rubrica ) a special title or sentence of the Law , or of any book written or printed in red ; the Calender of Saints and festivals is commonly so called , because the chief of them are printed in red letters ; In the Cannon Law , the arguments of every Chapter , were written with red Letters , which was called the Rubrick , and the Text with black . Rubricate ( rubrico ) to make or colour red with Oaker . Rubrificative , a Plaister of so strong , or strongly drawing Simples , that it ulcerates , or at least makes red the place it is applied to . Cot. Ructation ( ructatio ) a belching or breaking winde upward . Rudiment ( rudimentum ) the first teaching or instruction ; a beginning , a principle . Rugosous ( rugosus ) full of wrinckles , crumples , or plaits , rough , riveled , withered . Rumbe ( rhombus ) a term in Geometry , and signifies a whole line in the Compass consisting of two winds , as the Line of North and South , or that of East and West . The Spaniards first gave that name , as Peter of Medina takes it upon them , yet not out of their own Language , but fancying to themselves that the Lines of the Compass ( as indeed they do ) much resembled the spars of a Spinning Wheel , which in Lat. is called Rhombus , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to turn about , they call that Rumbus , and the word hath taken . Greg. 283. Rumia , a Goddess that ruled over sucking children , and womens Paps . Rumidge , to remove any Goods or Luggage out of a place . Seamen use it for removing and clearing things in the ships Hold , that Goods and Victuals may be well stowed and placed . Rumiferate Rumigerate ( rumifero ) ( rumigero ) to disperse a rumor , to carry tidings abroad , to tell tales or blaze abroad reports . Ruminate ( rumino ) to chew the Cud , as Neat do ; also to call to remembrance , and consider with ones self , to study , and think on matters . Runcina , the Goddess of weeding . Running of the Reins ; see Gonorrhaea . Ruption ( ruptio ) a bursting , tearing , or breaking ; a Rupture . Ruptor ( Lat. ) a breaker or tearer in pieces , a destroyer , he that violates . Ruptory ( Fr. Ruptoire ) a Corrosive or Potential Cauter ; that which hath strength to break . Rural ( ruralis ) of or belonging to the Country or Village ; rustical . Rurigene ( rurigena ) born , dwelling or abiding in the Country ; Country people . Rustication ( rusticatio ) a dwelling or abiding in the Country . Rusticity ( rusticitas ) churlishness , rudeness , clownishness . Rutilate ( rutilo ) to shine or glare ▪ to make to shine or glister like gold , to make bright or yellow . Ruttier ( Fr. Routier ) a Directory for the knowledge or finding out of courses , whether by Sea or Land ; also an old Traveller , one that by much trotting up and down , is grown acquainted with most ways ; and hence an old beaten Soldier , or an old crafty Fox , &c. Ryparographer ; see in Rhy — S. SAbaoth , Sabbath , Sabbaoth or Sabboth ( Lat. Sabbatum , from the Hebrew , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Scabath , ( i. quievit ) a day of rest , or a time set apart for holy rest , which is Friday among the Turks , Saturday among the Jews , and Sunday , or our Lords day , among us Christians ; which instead of the Saturday or Jewish Sabbath , was instituted by the Apostles to be kept festival , in honor and memory of Christs Resurrection on that day ; and so hath been observed ever since ; see Moses & Aaron . p. 97. Sabaoth , in all the Tongues , is also an Attribute the Hebrews gave to God , Lord of Hosts , of Armies and Powers , and comes of the Hebr. Tsabaoth , signifying Armies or Powers . Sabbatical ( Sabbaticus ) pertaining to the Sabbath or Seventh day , that keeps the Sabbath . A Sabbath days journey , was ( among the Jews ) 2000 cubits ; now taken for two miles by some , by others but for one . Sabbatical year , was the ●eventh year , in which the Jews rested from Tillage , and discharged their Debtors , whence it was called Shemita Laihova , The Lords release , Deut 15 2. Levit. 25.1 . Sabbatism ( Sabatismus ) the celebration of the Sabbath , a time of Holy Rest . Sabbatarians , a sort of Hereticks , who celebrate the Jewish Sabbath , and not our Lords Day . Sabellians ( a Sect of Hereticks , so called from Sabellius their first Founder , who held , the Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , were onely one Substance and one Person , having three Names , &c. See Antitrinitarians . Sable ( Fr. ) black colour in Blazon . It is also a rich Fur of a Beast , so called , like and near as big as a Polecar , of colour between black and brown , and breeds in Russia , but most in Tartaria . Sacerdotal ( sacerdotalis ) belonging to Priests or Church-men , Priestly . Saccus cum brochia , seems to be a service of finding a Sack , and a Broach to the King , by vertue of a Tenure , for the use of his Army . Bract. lib. 2. cap. 16. numb . 6. Sack of Wool ( saccus Lanae ) is a quantity of wool containing six and twenty stone and fourteen pound . An. 14. Edw. 3. Stat. 1. cap. 21 See Sarplar . Sacramental ( sacramentalis ) pertaining to a Sacrament or Oath . Sacramentaries ( Sacramentarii ) Protestants , Huguenots , or Calvinists , in the Doctrine of the Sacrament . Sacrary ( sacrarium ) the Place wherein holy things are laid , a Sextry , or Vestry in a Church . Sacre ( sacro ) to dedicate , to hallow , to make immortal . Sacriferous ( sacrifer ) that bears holy things . Sacrificial ( sacrificialis ) belonging to a Sacrifice , Offering or Oblation . Sacrileg ( sacrilegium ) the robbing a Church , or other holy consecrated place , the stealing holy things , or abusing Sacraments or holy Mysteries . Sacrilegious ( sacrilegus ) that robs the Church ; wicked , extremely bad . Sacristy ( sacristia ) a Vestry in a Church ; see Sacrary . Sacrist or Sacristan ( sacrista ) a Sexten or Vestry-keeper in a Church , or Relious house . Sadduces , a Sect among the Jews , who dis-beleeved the being of Angels or Spirits , the Resurrection of the body , and Holy Ghost ; they received onely the Pentateuch , and in many other things agreed with the Samaritans , &c. The derivation of their name is variously delivered by Authors ; some take it from Sadoc , who is said to have lived about the time of Alexander the Great , and to be Author of this Sect ; Others , from Tsedech or Zaddichim , both which signifie Justice ; others deduce the name from Sedah a Chaldean word , signifying to part or divide ; see Moses and Aaron . p. 46. Safe Conduct ( salvus Conductus ) is a Security or Protection given by the Prince under the Broad Seal , or by any other person in authority , most commonly for a strangers quiet coming in , and passing out of the Realm . Touching which you may see the Statutes , An. 15. H. 6. ca. 3. and An. 18. ejus . cap. 18. and An. 28 H. 8. cap. 1. The form of this , see in the Regist . Orig. fol. 25. Sagacious ( sagax , acis ) witty , that perteives and foresees quickly ; wise , skilful , quick of scent , taste or sight . Sagacity ( sagacitas ) sharpness of wit , quickness , or liveliness of spirit or understanding . Saginate ( sagino ) to frank , to make far , to cram . Sagittal ( sagittalis ) the future or seam that runs streight on the top of the head , distinguishing the right from the left side of the head ; Also belonging to an arrow . Sagittarius , or the Archer , one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack , in form of a Centaure or Archer . Sagittiferous ( sagittifer ) that bears or wears Arrows . Sagit●ipotent ( sagittipotens ) that can do much by shooting with Arrows , a cunning Archer . Saguntin● ( ●aguntinus ) belonging to the City Saguntus , scituate beyond Iberus in Spain . Saint Anthonies fire ( Erysipelas ) a disease rising of hot cholerick blood , which beginning first with a blister grows after to a soar or scab like a Tetter . Saker ( Fr. Sacre ) a Hawk so called ; Also a piece of Ordnance of that name . Salacia , The Goddess of water . Salacious ( salax , acis ) that is very much enclined and bent to lechery , hot in lust . Salacity ( salacitas ) lechery , or rather an instinction , tickling , or provocation to it . Salade ; see Salet . Salamander ( salamandra ) a four-footed beast , in shape like a Lizard , full of spots , it will for a time resist a flame , until its moisture be consumed , but not live in , or quench the fire , as some authors have affirmed ; see Dr. Br. Vul. Err. fol. 138. Salarian ( salarius ) of or belonging to salt . Salarian Verse , a kinde of Song , which Mars his Priests , among the old Romans were wont to sing . Tacitus . Salary ( salarium ) is a recompence or consideration made to any man for his pains or industry bestowed on anothers business ; wages given to servants , a stipend . So caled from sal , i. salt , both being a like necessary . Salebrity ( salebritas ) ruggedness , or unevenness . Salebrous ( salebrosus ) uneven , rough ; also harsh , unpleasant , hard to understand . Salet ( Fr salade ) a Helmet or Headpiece , A. 4 and 5. Phil. & Mar. Saliant ( saliens ) a term in Heraldry ) when the Lion is leaping and sporting himself . Salinous ( from salina ) of or pertaining to salt or a salt-pit . Br. Salique Law ( Lex Salica ) is a Law whereby the Crown of France cannot be inherited by a woman , cannot fall from the Lance to the Distaff , as their saying is ; Which Law , one , undertaking to prove out of Holy Writ , urged that place of Matthew ; where t is said , Mark the Lillies ( which are the Arms of France ) and see how they neither labor nor spin . This Law they pretend was made by Pharamond their first King , and that the words , Si aliqua , so often mentioned , gave it the name of Salique Law ; Others say it took denomination from the name of the place Salethani , where it was made , o● from the name of ●algast , who was Chancellor to Pharamond , and one of the chief in making this Law. Hailan saith , It was never heard of in France till the days of Philip the fair , 1321. Others say it was framed by Charles the Great , after his Conquests in Germany , where the incontinency of the women , living about the River Sala ( in the Country now called Misnia ) gave both occasion and name to this Law ; the words are these , De terra vero Salica nulla portio haereditatis mulieri veniat , sed ad virilem sexum tota terrae haereditas perveniat . Selden . Salivarious ( salivarius ) clammy and thick like spettle . Salivation ( salivatio ) a continual having of much spettle in the mouth , or a drawing of humors to the mouth , and a delivery of them from thence in manner of spettle . Sally ( from the Span. Salir ) to goe or issue out ; most commonly applyed to those that are besiedged in a Town or Castle , when they sally or issue out upon the besiegers . Salmacian Salmacidan Spoiles ( Salmacida Spolia ) Spoils or Conquests got without blood or labour ; from Salmacis a Fountain of Caria , which is said to enfeeble all such as either drank of it , or bathed in it ; Hence that of Tully , Salmacida spolia sine sanguine & sudore , and there used for effeminate or venerial Conquests . This Salmacida Spolia was the Motto of the Scene or Frontispiece of a Mask at Whitehall in Anno 1636 , or 1637. Salomon ( Hebr. ) peaceable . Salsamentarious ( salsamentarius ) belonging to salt , or any salt thing . Salsipotent ( salsipotens ) that hath power of the Sea. Salsure ( salsura ) a salting or seasoning brine , liquor to powder in . Salt●t●on ( saltatio ) a dancing , leaping , jumping , or vaulting . Saltatory ( saltatorius ) belonging to dancing , vaulting , &c. Saltimbance ( Ital. ) a Mountebank , a Quacksalver , a pedling Physician . Salture saltura ) a leaping or dancing . Salvage Money , is a recompence , allowed by the Civil Law , in lieu of all damages sustained by that ship that rescues another ship ; which was set upon by Pirates or Enemies , mentioned in Acts of Parl. 1648. c. 12. 1639. 21. 1650. 28 , 33. Salubrity ( salubritas ) health , wholesomness , healthfulness . Salver ( from salvo , to save ) is a new fashioned peece of wrought plate , broad and flat , with a foot underneath , and is used in giving Beer , or other liquid thing , to save or preserve the Carpit or Cloathes from drops . Salus ( Fr. salut ) was a Coyn of Gold stamped by King Henry the sixth in France and worth some five shillings sterling , which onely Coyn , with another of Blancks of eight pence a piece , were current in those places of France where King Henry was obeyed . Stow. Salutary ( salutaris ) wholesome , healthful , profitable , comfortable . Salutatory ( salutatorium ) a place where men stand to salute a Prince . Salutiferous ( salutifer ) that brings health , salvation or safty , Salutigerous ( salutiger ) that brings commendation from another , or that is sent with How-d'yees . Samaritans , people of Samaria , a Country and City of Syria . Also a Sect among the Jewes not allowed to commerce with them , nor to be Proselytes . They rejected all the Scripture , save onely the five Books of Moses . Denied the Resurrection ; but held that there were Angels , &c. See Epiphan . Haeres . 9. & 14. and Moses and Aaron , p. 48. Sambenito ( Span. ) or Sanbenito , properly santo Benito , St Benet , but it is usually taken for a coat of course Sackcloth , in which Penitents in Spain are reconciled to the Church . And in that respect it may be called Sanbenito , quasi Saco benedicto , a blessed Sackcloth . Sambu● ( sambuca ) an instrument of Musick , which we commonly take for a Dulcimer ; Also an Engin of War , set by a rowling Tower , which by Ropes and Pullies clapt the Bridge suddenly from the Tower to the besieged walls . Samian ( samius ) of or pertaining to the Isle Samos , or to an earthen pot , or a Whetstone ; because there were good ones in that Isle . Samplar ( a corruption from Examplar ) a pattern or copy to imitate , an extract or draught ; most used for a pattern of several sorts of needle-work . Sampson ( Heb. ) there the second time . Samuel ( Hebr. ) placed of God. Sanable ( sanabilis ) that may be healed , curable . Sanative ( sanativus ) healing , curing . Bac. Sance Bell ( campana sancta ) the sanctus Bell , a little Bell , formerly in every Church , which was rung when the Priest said Sanctus , sanctus , sanctus , Dominus Deus Sabaoth . S●tification ( sanctificatio ) a hallowing , sanctifying or making holy ; a separation of things or persons from common or prophane use . Sanctiloquent ( sanctiloquus ) that speaks holily . Sanctimony ( sanctimonia ) holiness , devoutness , religiousness . Sanction ( sanctio ) a Law , a Decree established ; also a penal Statute . Sanctuary ( sanctuarium ) a holy or sanctified place , as Temple , Church or Chappel . In the old Law it was the most holy place of the Tabernacle wherein God gave visible tokens of his presence . Psal . 20.2 . And more particularly , it is a place priviledged by the Prince , for the safe-guard of offenders lives , being founded on the Law of Mercy , and on the great reverence and devotion , which the Prince bears to the place , whereunto he grants such a Priviledge . Of this you may read Stawnf . pl. Cor. lib. 2. ca. 38. This seems to have taken beginning from the Cities of Refuge which Moses appointed them to flie unto for safeguard of their lives , that had casually slain a man , Exod. 21. In bastardly imitation whereof , first the Athenians , then Romulus erected such a place of immunity , which they , and he after them called Asylum . The Emperors of Rome made the places of their own Statues or Images , and Churches also places of Refuge , as appears , Cod. l. 1. tit . 15. But among all other Nations , the antient Kings of England seem to have attributed most to these Sanctuaries , permitting them to shelter such , as had committed both Felonies and Treasons , so that within Forty days they acknowledged their fault , and submitted themselves to banishment ; During which time , if any man expelled them , if he were Lay , he was Excommunicated ; if a Clerk , he was made irregular ; but after forty days no man might relieve them , see Fleta lib. 1 cap. 29. And how by degrees they have been taken away , you may read partly in him , and partly in several Statutes . Sanctum Sanctorum ( i.e. the Holy of Holys ) was the holiest place of the Jewes Temple , where the Ark was kept , and whereinto none entred , but the High Priest ; and he but once a year . Sandal ( Heb. sandal , Lat. sandalium ) a Slipper or Pantofle ; also a kind of old fashioned shoo , open and fastned with Latchets on the Instep , such as religious persons wear . Also Sandal or Saunders ( santalum ) a precious wood brought out of India , whereof there are three kinds , to wit , red , yellow , and white Saunders . They are all of a cooling nature , especially the red , which is often used in Physick against hot diseases . Sandarack ( sandaracha ) the best red Arsenick or Orpine ; a bright Painters red , whereof there are two kinds ; one ( the right and better ) found in Mines of Gold and Silver ; the other made of burned Ceruse . Sanglant ( Fr. ) bloody , bleeding , embrued , or full of blood . Sanglier ( Fr. ) a wilde Bore , five years old . Sanguinary ( sanguinarius ) cruel , thirsty , bloody , desirous of , or delighted in , shedding blood . Sanguine Sanguineous ( sanguineus ) bloody , full of blood , cruel , red . Sanguin colour , is a blood red colour , or my Ladies Blush . Sanguin in Heraldry signifies a murrey colour ; but is commonly taken for a complexion , most inclineable to blood . Sanguin flesh ( caro sanguinea ) is that which is engendred of blood ; of which sort is the flesh compounded in the Muscles , the Heart , and the rest of Sanguin Substance ; the Anatomists call it the proper flesh ; and Exanguis the improper . Sanguinolent ( sanguinolentus ) bloody , full of blood , merciless . Sanhedrim or Sanhedrin , ( Hebr. ) Synedrion or Synedrium ( Gr. ) signifies generally the place where Counsellors meet to consult of , and determine matters ; also the Assembly it self ; But , by an appropriation of the word , it is commonly taken for the highest Court of Judicature , or supreme Council of the Jews , which consisted of the High Priest , and seventy Seniors or Elders ; from which number it was called by them in Hebrew words , signifying , Domus judicii septuaginta unius , i. a Court of seventy and one Judges ; and it was ( as it were ) their Parliament , to consult about , to judge and decide the greatest matters that could arise in their Ecclesiastical or Civil Common-wealth ; as , to determine the Controversies that might happen concerning their High Priest , true and false Prophets , differences betwixt Nation and Nation , Tribe and Tribe , &c. This High Court was first ( by the commandment of God ) instituted in the Wilderness by Moses , whilst under his conduct , the children of Israel were on their journey out of Egypt , towards the Land of Promise ; and afterwards it continued still in vigor till our Saviors Passion . Besides this great Sanhedrim called , Sanhedrim Gedola , the Jews had two lesser or inferior to it ; the one consisting of three Judges ; to the Examination and Decision of which Court , the most petty actions were subject ; As private Quarrels , Thefts and the like ; this they called by words of their Language , signifying , Domus judicii trium virum , The Court of three Judges . The other consisted of twenty and three , and so was termed , Domus judicii viginti trium , to whose Court belonged the Decision of weightier Sutes and capital Causes . These Courts were erected in several places , according to the exigence and commodity of their Country , whereas their other supreme Court , after their possession of the Land of Promise , and the settlement of their Common-wealth , was only held in Jerusalem ; Jews might appeal from those inferior Courts , to this ; but from this there lay no appeal . Four kinds of death were in their power , Stoning , Burning , Sword , Strangling ; and they fasted all that day when they condemned any to death . See Moses and Aaron , p. 189. The Talmudists use the word Sinhedriin for the aforesaid great Council . Synedrians ( synedri ) are the Counsellors , Judges or Members of that Court. Sanity ( sanitas ) health , soundness , good estate of wit and memory . Saniacks or Sansiakes , are Governors of Cities among the Turks . Sante , Santo● , or Sancton ( Span. ) a holy man , a great Saint . Saphire ( sapphirus ) a precious stone , so called , brought out of India ; the best are of a deep skie colour ; This stone is said to be of a cold nature . Sapid ( sapidus ) well seasoned , savory , that hath a smack . Sapidity ( sapiditas ) pleasantness of taste or savor ; also pleasantness of talk . Sapientipotent ( sapientipotens ) mighty in wisdom , or that by his wisdom and prudence , is able to bring great things to pass . Sapor ( Lat. ) see Sapidity . Sapphique Verse ( so called from Sappho , a famous Poetess , held to be the first inventor of them ) consists of eleven syllables , and hath a Trochee , a Spondee , a Dactyle , and two Trochees immutably ; as Nuncius celso veniens Olympo . After three Verses is inserted an Adonique , of a Dactyle and a Spondee . Rara juventus . Saraband ( Ital. Zarabanda ) a kind of lesson in Musick , and a Dance so called . Sarah ( Hebr. ) Lady , Mistress or Dame. Sarcling time , or time of Sarkling , is the time when the Countrey man weeds his Corn ; and comes from the Lat. ( sarculare ) or from the Fr. ( sarcler ) both which signifie to rake or weed . Sarcasm ( sarcasmus a biting taunt , bitter jest , a manner of scoffing nippingly . Sarcinatious ( sarcinarius ) of or belonging to Packs , Fardels , &c. serving to carry burthens or loads . Sarcinate ( sarcino ) to load with Fardels or Packs ; also to patch or sew . Sarcophage ( sarcophagus ) a Grave , a Sepulchre , a Tomb ; also a stone called Eat-flesh , because it consumes in forty days , the dead Carkasses inclosed within it , the Teeth excepted . Sarcotique ( from sarcoma ) breeding or belonging to new or superfluous flesh . Sarculate ( sarculo ) to rake , to weed up with a hook or other Instrument . Sardonian Gem ( sardonius lapis ) a precious stone of a black colour , being a kind of Onyx , and called a Corneol , the best whereof are found in Sardinia , and therefore so called . Sardonian Laughter ( risus Sardonius ) a long and causeless laughter , whereof the end is sorrowful ; so used from the Hearb Sardoa , which being of a poisonous nature , causes men to dye with such a convulsion or contraction of their sinews , that they seem to grin or laugh . This Herb is like Smalage , and is found in Sardinia . Sarmentitious ( sarmentitius ) belonging to twigs or branches . Sarplar ( sarplera lanae ) is a quantity of Wooll . This in Scotland is called Serplathe , and contains fourscore stone ; for the Lords of the Council in Anno 1527. decreed four Serpliathes of packed Wooll , to contain sixteenscore stone . The Merchants use now to pay fraught for their goods to Flanders by the Sack ; to France , Spain and England , by the Tun ; and to Dantzick , and the Eastern Seas , by the Serpliath . Skene . With us in England , a load of Wooll ( as I have been enformed ) consists of eighty Tod , each Tod consisting of two stone , and each stone of fourteen pound . And that a Sack of wooll is in common account equal with a load ; and a Sarplar ( otherwise called a Pocket ) is half a Sack : Further , that a Pack of Wooll is a Hors-load , which consists of seventeen stone , and two pounds ; see Fleta lib. 2. c. 12. Sartor ( Lat. à Sartio ) a Tailor , a Botcher , a Mender of old Garments . Sassafras , a Tree of great vertue , which grows in Florida of the West Indies , the Rinde whereof has a sweet smell like Cinnamon ; it comforts the Liver and Stomack , and opens Obstructions of the inwards parts , being hot and dry in the second degree . The best of the Tree is the Root , next the Boughs , then the body , but the principal goodness of all rests in the Rinde . Bull. Sassinate ; see Assassinate . Satan ( Heb. ) ( Gr. Satanas ) an adversary , the Devil , enemy to God , and all goodness . The Devil took this name from the Hebr. Sitnah , which signifies hatred or spightfulness . Satanical ( from Satan ) devilish , pertaining to the Devil . Satellite ( satelles , itis ) one retained to guard a mans person ; a Yeoman of the Guard ; a Serjeant , Catch-pole , one that attacheth . Satiate ( satio ) to fill , to satisfie , to cloy . Satiety ( satietas ) plenty , fulness , glutting , so much as one desireth . Sation ( satio , from sero ) a sowing of seed , a planting . Satisdation ( satisdatio ) a putting in of Surety or Bail sufficient for performance of Covenants , or for payment of moneys . Satorious ( satorius ) belonging to a Sator , or to him that sows , sets , or plants . Satrap ( satrapa ) a great Ruler , a Peer of a Realm , a Lieutenant , Governor or President of a Country . Saturate ( saturo ) to fill or satisfie with any thing superfluously , to cloy or glut . Saturity ( saturitas ) fulness , plenty , excess . Saturnals ( saturnalia ) Feasts dedicated to Saturn , in December , when Servants had freedom . Macrobius his Saturnals , are Books intreating of the Colloquies and Passages at some of those Feasts . Saturn ( Saturnus ) hath the first place among the Planets , but is slowest in motion , not finishing its course under thirty eight years space . The antient Mathematicians attributed Sterility and Mortality , to this Planet ; to Jupiter , happy times , and the beginning of life ; To Mars , the cause of all Debates , Garboils , and War ; To Sol , Riches and Treasure ; To Venus , Loves and Marriages ; To Mercury , Eloquence and Knowledge ; To Luna , the Empire and command over Humid matters . Saturn with Alchymists , is used for Lead ; with Heralds for Sable . Saturnian or Saturnine ( from Saturnus ) barren , dull , heavy , melancholly ; also unlucky or unfortunate . Satyre ( satyra ) a kinde of Poetry , whereof there seems to have been two kinds ; the one more antient , which consisted only in variety of Verses ; the other more modern , containing an open reprehension of mens Vices , without respect of persons . Satyrical ( satyricus ) of or pertaining to Satyres ; biting , nipping , reproving . Satyrist , one that writes Satyres or invectives . Satyre ( satyrus ) a Wood-wose ; a strange monster , having the body of a man all hairy , with legs and feet like a Goat , full of motion , and given much to venery and jeering , which the Poets were wont to call gods of the Woods ; these ( as Pliny testifies , lib. 7. cap. 2. ) were found in times past in the Eastern Mountains of India . And St. Hierome in the life of St. Anthony reports , he saw one of these in his time : Vidi homunculum ( inquit ) aduncis naribus , & fronte cornibus aspera , cui extrema corporis in caprarum pelles desinebant , &c. But the truth hereof , I will not rashly impugn , nor over boldly affirm . And Satyres shall dance there , Isa . 13 21. Sauciate ( saucio ) to hurt , to wound , to cut . Saul ( Hebr. ) lent of the Lord , or ( as some will ) Fox . Saucige ( from the Fr. Saucisse ) a kind of pudding , well known . The Bolona Saucige is made of Beef and lean Bacon in equal quantity , flayed and chopped small with half as much Lard , and some Pepper , Ginger and Salt ; then put into a clean Ox-gut , half a foot long , and laid in salt for two days together , and after hung up in the smoak . Cot. Sauitoir or Sautoir ( Fr. ) the figure of St. Andrews Cross , in Heraldry . Saxons ( the ancient name of our Ancestors in England ) were so called from their use , and wearing a certain Sword or Weapon , made after the fashion of a Sithe , which in the Neatherlands is called a Saisen . These kind of Swords were anciently written Seaxen or Seaxes ; and the Welshmen wrote them Saisons , as they yet write us . The learned Engelhusus , of this weapon Seaxe , and name Saxon , hath this Latin Rime . Quippe brevis gladius apud illos Saxa vocatur . Vnde sibi Saxo nomen traxisse putatur . Saxifical ( saxificus ) that turns into a stone , or is made stony . Saxifragrant ( saxifragus ) that breaks stones , or is broken against stones . Scabious ( scabiosus ) mangy , scabby , scurvy . Scabrous ( scabrosus ) rough , ragged , uneven , impolite . As a Scabrous stile , an unpleasant kind of writing . Scaevola . See Scevola . Scalado ( from the Span. Escaláda , and that from the Lat. Scala , i. a Ladder ) a scaling or getting up the Ladder ; a term of War , and most commonly applied to the gaining a Castle or Town ; by scaling it with Ladders . Scalar Scalary ( scalaris ) leaning one way , ladderwise , not bolt upright . Scale , an eminent place in the City Zant , where , after fourteen days , one stands and publickly cites offenders . Sands . Scalae Gemoniae . See Gemony . Scalp ( pericranion ) the skin compassing and covering all the skull . Scalpture ( scalptura ) a graving in mettal , a cutting or scratching . Scalper or Scalping Iron ( scalprum ) a Surgeons instrument , to scrape or take away corrupt flesh from the bones ; a Lance to let blood with . Scandalize ( scandalizo ) to offend by giving ill example , to give one occasion to sin or be offended ; also to slander or defame . Scandalum Magna●um ( Lat. ) is the special name of a wrong done to any high personage of the Land , as Prelates , Dukes , Earls , Barons , and other Nobles ; as also of the great Officers of the Realm , by false news , or Messages , whereby debates and discords betwixt them and the Commons , or any scandal to their persons may arise . An. 2 R. 2. c. 5. Scanderbeg , i. Great Alexander ; the nick name of that valiant Commander George Castriot , the late terror of the Turks , who is said in his whole life time to have slain three thousand of them with his own hands . Scandular ( scandularis ) pertaining to wooden Tiles , or Shingles . Scapular ( scapularis ) belonging to the shoulder . It is also used substantively for a narrow and square piece of cloth , &c worn by Monks and Friers over the rest of their Habit , and falling over the shoulders on both sides from the neck ( which goes through it by a slit or hole made for that purpose ) down almost to the foot . Scarabee ( scarabeus ) the black flie , bred commonly in Dung , called a Beetle . Scarifie ( scarifico ) to launce or open a soar ; to make little incisions and holes or openings , either that the blood and humor may the easier come out , or to prepare a place for the better extraction of Cupping-Glasses . Scarification ( sacrificatio ) a cutting or lancing ; a scraping the skin with a fleam , that one may bleed the better . Scatinian Law ( Lex Scatinia ) was a Law made by Scatinius , wherein the use of preposterous venery was chastised Scarpe ( Fr. Escarpe ) a Scarf , worn by Commanders in the Field ; and so named in Heraldry . Leigh . Scaturiginous ( scaturiginosus ) that bursts out , or runs over , out of which water riseth . Scavage , otherwise called Shewage , is a kinde of Toll or Custom exacted , by Majors , and Bayliffs of Cities and Burrough Towns , of Merchants for Wares shewed to be sold within their Precinct , which is forbidden by the Statute of 19 H. 7.8 . It comes of the Saxon word ( Sceaw ) to behold or view , or to shew ; and hence the word Sceaw-stow , a Theatre or Shew-place , a beholding place . Verstegan . Scavenger ( from the Belg. Sc●avan , i. to scrape or shave away ) an Officer well known in London , that makes clean the streets , by scraping up and carrying away the dust and durt . The Germans call him a Drecksimon , from one Simon , who was appointed Scavenger of Marpurg . Scelestique ( scelestus ) wicked , ungracious , mischievous , full of naughtiness . Scele●on ( Gr. ) is that which the vulgar call an Anatomy ; the whole Fabrick or dry frame of human Bones ; The dry carkass of a man or woman , with bones and ligaments onely : For Sceletos in Greek signifies bony , or dry as a bone . Scellum or Schellum , ( from the Belg. Schelm ) a Rogue , Villain , or wicked person ; and some times taken in the same sence with Renegado . Scene ( scena ) the front or forepart of a Theatre or Stage , or the partition between the Players Vestry , and the Stage ; a Comedy or Tragedy , or the division of a Play into certain parts , viz. first into Acts , those again into Scenes , which somtimes fall out more , sometimes fewer in every Act ; The definition of a ●cene being mutatio personarum . In old time it signified a place covered with Boughs , or the room where the Players made them ready . Scenical ( scenicus ) of or belonging to a Scene , Stage , or Comedy , or to Players on Stages . Scenography ( scenographia ) is the model or draught of any work presented with its shadows , according as the work it self shews , with its dimensions , according to the Rules of prospective . Enchir. of Fort. See Sciagraph Sceptical ( scepticus ) that contemplates , or always seeks and never finds . The Philosophers , called Scepticks , were such as used to search into , and consider much of things , but leave them in suspence , without any determination ; affirming they know nothing ; of this Sect Phyrro was Author . Sce●ticium , the Doctrine or opinion of the Scepticks . Sceptriferous ( sceptrifer ) that bears a Scepter . S●ev● ( scaevitas ) unluckiness , lefthandedness . Scevola ( scaevola ) the Surname of Q. Mutius , a noble Roman , who voluntarily burnt off his own right hand , &c. hence the word is used for a lefthanded man , or one that hath but one hand . Br. Schammat●a ( Hebr. ) an Excommunication to death ; the same with Maranatha ; see Moses and Aaron , p. 183. Schediasm ( schediasma ) a sudden invention , or a work extempore . Schedical ( schedicus ) hasty , sudden , extemporary , not labored . Schedule ( schedula ) a leaf or scroll of Paper or Parchment , containing the particulars of goods or other things , an Inventory . Scheme ( schema ) the outward fashion or habit of any thing , the adorning a speech with Rhetorical figures . Schism ( schisma ) properly a cutting in two , a disagreeing of minds , a division in the Church of Christ consisting with an unity in matters of Faith. Schism ( says an Author ) is an uncharitable division or recession of any member from the unity of the whole Church As Here●ie is a departing from the Communion of the Church in respect of Doctrine ; so Schism is a dividing or cutting off ones self for external things . Schismatick ( schismaticus ) one that is divided from the external Communion of the Church . Schismatical ( schismaticus ) of , or pertaining to Schism or such division in the Church . Scholastica ( Gr. ) a womans name ; and signifies , leasure from business . Scholastic ( scholasticus ) belonging to a Schollar or School , Schollarly . Scholy or Scholion ( scholium ) a close , a short or compendious exposition ; a critical note . And Scholiast , one that writes such Expositions or critical notes . Sciagraph ( schigrapha ) a description of the whole frame and contrivance of every room ; as the Carpenters shews with a Lath how the Work will fall out ; a Platform ; see Scenography . Sciamachy ( scimachia ) a counterfeit fighting , a privy exercise ; a shadow or image of contention or fighting . Sciater ( Lat. ) an instrument used in chusing the scituation of Cities . Sciatherical ( from Sciathericon ) of or pertaining to a Sun-Dial . Sciatica ( Lat. ) a Gout in the Hip caused by gross and flegmatick humors , gathered in the hollowness of its joynt . Sciatique Vein ( Vena sciatica ) is seated above the outward ankle . Science ( scientia ) cunning , skill , learning , knowledge . The seven Liberal Sciences are these , Grammar , Logick , Rhetorick , Astrology , Geometry , Arithmetick and Musick . Scientifical ( scientificus ) of exceeding skil , or wonderful knowledge . Scimitat ; see Scy — Scintillation ( scintillatio ) a sparkling up of fire , or new wine leaping in the glass . Sciolu● ( sciolus ) a smatterer in any knowledge , one that fancies himself to be a wit , and to know more then indeed he doth . Sciolous , pertaining to such a Sciolist , or smatterer in learning . Sci●antie ( sciomantia ) the part of Necromancy , practised by shadows . Scion ( à scindendo , quia scinditur ex arbore ) a Graff , a young Plant , a shoot or sprig . Sciotherical ; see Sciatherical . Schiph ( scapha ) a ship-boat , commonly all of one peece . Scipper or Schipper , is a Dutch word , signifying the Master of a ship , Ann. 1 Jac. sess ▪ 1. ca. 34. But we usually take Skippers for common Seamen or Mariners . Scirpean ( scirpeus ) of or pertaining to Bulrushes . Scirrhous ( from scirrhus ) pertaining to a hard swelling without pain , grown in the flesh within the skin , caused through choller , thick , cold or clammy flegm . Dr. Br. Scisile or Scissible ( scissilis ) easie to cut , or that may be cut or divided , Scissure ( scissura ) a cleft , a cut or rent ; the division or parting of a River . Scitament ( scitamentum ) a kinde of meat having a very pleasant taste , Also pleasantness , or a fine or witty thing set to adorn ones talk . Scite ( scitum ) an Ordinance , Decree , or Statute . Scolion ; see Scholy . Scom ( scomma ) a scoff , a mock , a sentence spoken in mirth , that sounds otherwise then it is meant , by him that speaks it . Sconce ( from the Teut. Schan●s ) a Block-house or Fortification in War ; also taken for the Head , because a Sconce or Block-house is made , for the most part round in fashion of a Head , whence comes the term in Oxford , to Sconce one ( Lat. Mulctare pecunia ) i. to set up so much in the Buttery Book upon his head , to pay , as a punishment for his offence committed . Min. Scopelism ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) rockiness , or the being full of Rocks . Scop●icks ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cavillor ) Jests , Jeers , Flouts , Cavils ; sentences or words spoken in mirth , that sound otherwise then they were meant . Scopulous ( scopulosus ) full of rocks , very rocky . Scorbute ( scorbutus ) the disease called the Scurvy . Scorbutical , pertaining or subject to that disease . Scorpion ( scorpio ) a venemous Worm with seven feet , bearing his sting in his Tail , with which he strikes mischievously ; they may be killed with fasting spettle of a sound man. Also one of the Twelve Signs ; which Vide in Zodiack . Also a kind of warlike Engine , wherewith to shoot small Arrows or Darts , called also an Onager , which you shall finde described by Marcellinus , l. 23 , cap. 3. Also a kinde of Scourge , mentioned 1 Kings 12.12 . Scorrator ( Lat ) a whoremonger , a hunter of Harlots . Scot and Lot ( An. 33. H. 8. cap. 19. ) signifies a customary contribution laid upon all Subjects after their ability . Scot comes from the Fr. Escot , i. symbolum , a shot . Rastal saith , 't is a certain custom or common Tallage made to the use of the Sheriff or his Bayliff . Scot ( says Camden ) illud dicitur quod ex diversis rebus in unum acervum aggregatur . And in this sence it is still used ; for when Good-fellows met at the Tavern or Alehouse , they at parting , call for a Shot , Scot , or Reckoning : And he is said to go Scot-free , that pays not his part or share towards it . Scotists ( scotistae ) those that follow the opinions of Joannes Scotus , otherwise called John Duns , the subtile Doctor , who was born ( as some contest ) in Scotland , as others , in the North of England ; he was a Minorite , very eminent in Scholastick Divinity , and died young at Colen in the year 1308. his followers are opposers of the Thomists . Scotomy ( scotoma ) a disease in the head ; with a dimness in the eyes , which makes all things seem to go round . This word comes from the Greek , and is the same with Vertigo in Latin. Scotomatical ( scotomaticus ) that is troubled with such a whimsey in the head . Scottering ( unde , nescio ) in Herefordshire , Boys at the latter end of Harvest use to burn a wad of Pease in the Straw , which they call a Scottering , and eat the Pease , being so parched . Scovel ( from the Italian Scovola ) a Malkin to make clean an Oven ; hence perhaps our word Shovel . Scout ( Belg. Schouwt , Fr. Escoute ) a discoverer or fore-runner of an Army , or one sent out to espy , and bring tidings of the enemies purpose . In Holland they have an Officer in their Towns called a Scout , who is chosen by the States , and , with the Balues , have the judging of all criminal matters in last resort , without Appeal , and have also the determining civil causes , appealable to the Hague . Screable ( screabilis ) that may be spitted out . Scribes ( scribae ) mentioned in Scripture , their office was twofold . 1. To read and expound the Law in the Temple and Synagogues . 2. To execute the office of a Judge , in ending and composing Actions . Heyl. Scriptorian ( scriptorius ) belonging to , or serving for writing . Scrofulous ( from scrofula ) pertaining to , or full of Wens or such tumors about the neck Scru● , is a kind of fuel , which poor people ( when siring is dear ) gather up at ●b●ng water , in the bottom of the Thames about London , and 〈◊〉 of Coal , little sticks of W● , Cockle-shells , and the like . Scruple ( scriptulum ) is of Troy weight seven grains and an half ; the third part of a dram , and a dram , the third part of an ounce . Also doubtfulness or over-much fear to offend , in point of conscience . Scrupular ( scrupularis ) of or belonging to a scruple , small . Scrupulosity ( scrupulositas ) curiousness of conscience , anxiety , doubtfulness . Scrutable ( scrutabilis ) that may be searched or traced out Scrutiny ( scrutinium ) a search or diligent enquiry ; a perusal of Suffrages . Sculptor ( Lat. ) a graver or carver . Sculpture ( sculptura ) a graving or carving . Scurrile ( scurrilis ) pertaining to scoffing or fancy jesting . Scurrility ( scurrilitas ) immoderate jesting , saucy scoffing . Scutage ; see Escuage . Scutchin ; see Thole . Scutchion ( from Scutum ) a Coat of Arms , or Shield . See Escotcheon . It is sometimes also taken for the bud of a Tree , cut off with part of the bark for inoculation . Scutiferous ( scutifer ) that bears a Buckler or Shield . Scutiform ( in forma scuti ) fashioned like a Scutcheon or Shield . Scylla , a gulf or dangerous place in the Sicilian Sea ; see Charibdis . Scymitar or Scimitar ( Italian Scimitara ) a crooked flat back'd short sword used by the Turks and Persians . Scytale ( scytala ) a field Mouse , &c. Also a little round staff , which the Lacedemonians used to write secret letters on . And in this sense my Lo. Bacon uses it , in his Advan . of Learning , fol. 268. Seater , an old Idol of the Saxons , which was honored on the day called Saturday , which thence took denomination . This Idol was also called Crodo , and by some mistaken for Saturn . Scythian Scythick ( scythicus ) belonging to Scythia , a large Country in the north part of the World. Sea-longs , the fervent froth of the Sea. Bac. Seax , a kind of sword made like a Sithe , and worn by the old Saxons , of which there were two sorts , a longer and a shorter , which last were called Handseaxes ; Of this kind of Handseaxes , Erkin-wine , King of the East Saxons did for his Arms bear three , Argent , in a field Gules . Verst . See Saxon. Sebacean ( sebaceus ) made of tallow or sewet . Sebastian ( Gr. ) honorable , or Majestical . Sebastocrator ( Gr. ) was a great Officer of the Empire , who ( about Constantine the Greats time ) was third in dignity from the Emperor , the second was called Despot . Secament ( secamentum ) that which is cut or shread from a Log or Block , as chips , and such like . A Secant , is a right line drawn from the Centre , through one extreme of a given Ark , till it meet with the Tangent raised from the Diameter at the other extreme of the said Ark. Secation ( secatio ) a cutting , sawing , parting , or dividing . Secerne ( secerno ) to divide , to lay or separate one from another , to sever , to chuse from among others . Secession ( secessio ) a departing from other , a forsaking or going aside ; a separating ones self from another . In antient Rome it was a general Insurrection and revolt of the Commons , wherein they left the City , until such time as they had the authority of their Tribunes strengthned ; yea , and certain Laws enacted and established by a solemn oath , with a curse denounced against all those that went about to abrogate or abolish the same , which thereupon were called Sacratae Leges . Livy . Seclude ( secludo ) to shut a part from other , to shut out , to put away . Seclusory ( seclusorium ) a place where any thing is shut up a part from other ; a Coop . Secondary ; see Secundary . Secundine ( secundae ; quasi secunda nativitas ) the three skins , wherein an Infant lies while it is in the womb , or when it comes into the world ; the second or after-birth in women ; in Beasts the Heam . Sectary ( sectariüs ) one that follows private opinions in Religion , a Ring-leader of a Sect , a seditious , factious person . Section ( sectio ) a cutting , dividing or parting . Books are commonly divided into Chapters , Chapters into Sections , and Sections into Paragraphs or Breaks , as Printers call them ; which is the breaking off at such a word , and beginning a new line . Sective ( sectivus ) that is often , or that may be , cut or divided . Sector ( Lat. ) in Geometry is a figure comprehended of two right lines , containing an angle at the Centre , and of the circumference assumed by them . There is also a Geometrical Instrument having two legs , containing all variety of Angles , and the distance of the feet , representing the Subtences of the circumference , which is therefore called a Sector . Secular ( secularis ) of or belonging to the space of one hundred years , that is done or renewed every hundred year , or once in an age . Secular Plays ( ludi seculares ) were solemn Games or Plays among the antient Romans , performed once in a hundred and ten years , and sometimes every hundredth year , in honor of Apollo or Diana . Secular Priests , are those whose ordinary conversation is among men of the world , and profess the undertaking the charge of Souls , as condistinct from those that profess a Monastical or Conventual life , under the Rule of some holy Predecessor , and thence are called Regulars . Secundary ( secundarius ) of the second sort , the second , the next to the first . As the Secundary of the Fine Office , is an Officer next to the chief Officer ; Secundary of the Counter , who is ( as I take it ) next to the Sheriff in London , in each of the two Counters , and so of others . Secundate ( secundo ) to make lucky or prosperous , to make better or amend a thing . Secundine . See Secondine . Securiferous ( sceurifer ) that beareth an Ax or Hatcher . Sedateness , quietness , mitigation ; the same with Sedation . O. Lo. Prot. Speech . Sedation ( sedati● ) an appeasing , mitigating , asswaging , qualifying or quieting . Sedentary ( sedentarius ) that sits much , that is done sitting . In France they have eight Sedentary Parliaments or High Courts of Justice , which are so called , because they are alwayes sitting . See Parliament . Sediment ( sedimentum ) a sinking down to the bottom , or that sinks to the bottom ; grounds , the dregs or dross of perfume . Bac. Seditious ( seditiosus ) contentious , mutinous , factious , loving discord . Mr Feltham , uses Seditiary , for a seditious person . Seduction ( seductio ) a seducing , a leading away , aside , or apart , a misleading , a deceiving . Sedulity ( sedulitas ) care and great diligence . Segador ( Span. ) a Reaper , a Mower , a Harvest-man . Segment ( segmentum ) a morsel , shred , peece or gobbet cut off from any thing , a partition . Br. Segmentation ( segmentatio ) a cutting into small pieces , an embroidering . Segnity ( segnitas ) negligence , slowness , slothfulness ; also barrenness . Segregate ( segrego ) to take out of the flock , to lay apart , to sever or separate . Seian horse ( so called from Cneus Sejanus , who first backed him ) was of extraordinary bigness and wonderfull composure , but had this fatal property , to bring his Master to some miserable or untimely end . Whence grew the proverb , Equum habet Sejanum , a man has that which will be his own ruin . Sejant or Seisant ( from the Fr. Seant ) a term in Heraldry , when a beast is painted sitting upright . Seignior ( Fr. Seigneur ) a Lord , a Master ; a Landlord , or a Lord of Jurisdiction , a proprietary or owner . Seigniory Seigniorage ( Fr. Seigneury , Seigneuriage ) Seignory , Soverainty , mastery , dominion . Seigniorage . An. 9. H. 5. Stat. 2. cap. 1. seems to be a Regality or Prerogative of the King , whereby he challenges allowance of gold and silver , brought in the mass to his Exchange for coyn . Seisin ( from the Fr. Saisine ) signifies in our Common Law , possession ; and to seize , is to take possession ; Primier seisin , is the first possession , &c. Sejugate ( sejugo ) to sever or separate from other , to put apart . Sejunction ( sejunctio ) a separating or putting asunder . Selenites ( Gr. ) a stone wherein is a white which increases and decreases as the Moon doth ; Also lunary men , or people that are held by some to inhabit the Moon . Selion ( Fr. seillon ) a ridge of land lying between two furrows ; Sometimes it contains an Acre , sometimes half an Acre , sometimes more or less . Therefore Crompton in his Jurisdictions , fol 221. saith , a Selion of land cannot be in demand , because it is a thing incertain . Seliander , is a kinde of dry scab , growing in the very bent of the Ham of a horses hinder leg . Markham . Sellary ( sellaria ) a place wherein were forms and stools for men to sit on . It is used by Tacitus in his Annals for that place where Tiberius exercised his horrid and unnatural lusts . Semblable ( Fr. ) like , alike , even such , resembling . Semblance ( Fr. ) shew , seeming appearance : Also resemblance , likeness , like form or feature . Sembrief ( q. Semibrief ) a slow time in Musick . Sementation ( sementatio ) a bringing forth seed . Sementine ( sementinus ) belonging to sowing , continuing to seed time . Semi or Semis ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) a word much used in composition , for half . Semicastration ( semi castratio ) half gelding , the taking away one Testicle . Br. Semicircular ( semicircularis ) that hath the form of a half Circle . Semicolon , half a Colon , or a point in writing or printing made thus [ ; ] the Colon thus [ : ] most commonly in or neer the middle of a sentence ; the Period thus [ . ] the Comma thus [ , ] the Admiration point thus [ ! ] as when we say , O tempora ! O mores ! The Interogation point thus [ ? ] when we ask any question . A Circumflex is over the second [ a ] when we say amâsti , for amavisti ; An Apostroph is when some vowel is cut off ; 't was , for it was , and the like . Semi-cupe , is a half Bath , up to the navel of the patient . Semidole ( semidolium ) a vessel containing half a Tun , a Pipe. Semiferous ( femifer ) half wilde . Semihore ( semihora ) half an hour . Simimarin● ( semimarinus ) belonging partly to the Sea , partly to the Land. Seminality ( from semina ) a belongingness to seed ; an aptness to have or bear seed . Br. Seminary ( seminarium ) a seed plot , a place where plants are set to be removed ; a Nurcery , a tree whereof Plants and Graffs are taken ; Also the first begining or chief cause of any good or evil ; and by metaphor , a Colledge , or Nursery of young Students . Seminate ( semino ) to sow , breed or ingender . Seminifical ( seminificus ) that causeth or brings forth seed for generation . Males are said to be seminifical and pubescent , at fourteen years of age , as Aristotle says , bis septem annis exactis , &c. Br. Semipeda ( semipedalis ) half a foot in quantity or height . Semipelagians , a Sect differing from the Pelagians onely in this , that grace was necessary to the perseverance in good works , though not to the beginning of them ; see Pelagians . Semitate ( semito ) to make pathes , to divide into pathes or ways . Semivowels ( semivocales ) certain Consonants so called , because they have half the sound of Vowels , as f , l , m , n , s , Therefore of old s , and still m , in the end of words before vowels are cut off like vowels ; see Nat. Hist fol , 46. Semiustulated ( semiustulatus ) half burned , half roasted or broiled . Sempiternal ( sempiternus ) perpetual , endless , lasting , always , continual , immortal , eternal . Semuncial ( semuncialis ) of or belonging to half an ounce . Senarie ( senarius ) that contains or belongs to the number six . A verse of six feet . Senatorian ( senatorius ) of or belonging to a Senator , or Councellor of State. Senescal ( Fr. Seneschal ) a Steward . As the High Seneschal or Steward of England . Pl. Cor. fol. 152. It is also used for the Steward of a Court. Kitch . fol. 83. Senescent ( senescens ) waxing old , gowing in age , wearing away , drawing to the wain . Senesce ( senesco ) to wax old , to grow in age , to begin to decay or wear away . Senior ( Lat. ) the elder . Sensation ( sensatio ) prudence , intelligibleness , sensibleness ; Also the exercise or art of the Senses . Sensiferous ( sensifer ) that brings sence or feeling . Sensory , the organs or powers of the five Senses , or of apprehending , thinking or judging . Bac. Nat. Hist . Sensuality ( sensualitas ) libertinism , epicurism , the pleasing of sense , contentment given to the appetite , satisfaction to the flesh . Sententiosity ( sententiositas ) fulness of sentences , which are concise and pithy pieces of wit , containing much matter in few words . Sententious ( sententiosus ) full of sentences , pithy , full of matter . Sentinel ( Fr. ) a Sentry , a Common Souldier appointed to stand and watch in a certain place . Separatory ( Fr. separatoire ) the Chizel or Instrument , wherewith Chyrurgegeons cut out the pieces of bones , left between the holes , which they bore with a Trepan . Separatist ( separans ) one that separates , severs or withdraws himself from the communion of the Church . Sepiment ( sepimentum ) an hedge , pale , mound or inclosure . Seplasiator ( Lat. ) he that makes sweet ointments . Seposition ( sepositio ) a putting apart , or laying aside , a separating or distinguishing . Sept ( septum ) a Park or any place enclosed , a fold for sheep . Septs , are multitudes of the same name , and pretended Family or Linage in Ireland , so called . Septangular ( septangulus ) that hath seven corners , a Septangle . Septemfluous ( septemfluus ) divided or flowing into seven branches or streams , that flows seven contrary ways , that hath seven currents . Septempedal ( septempedalis ) belonging to seven feet , that is seven foot long . Septemvirate ( septemviratus ) the authority of seven Officers in like power . Septenarious Septenary ( septenarius ) of or belonging to seven , containing seven in number . Septenary , is also used substantively , for a seventh , a proportion or number of seven . Septennial ( septennis ) of seven years space . Septentrional ( septentrionalis ) belonging to the North , northern . Septical ( septicus ) putrifactive or corrosive ; that makes rotten or ripe , as mattar in a sore . Septifarious ( septifarius ) of seven manner of fashions , sorts or ways . Septifluous ; see Septemfluous . Septimane ( septimana ) a week or seven-night ; also whatsoever falls out on the seventh day , month , year , &c. Septimarians , certain Officers in Monasteries , which were chosen every week , whence they took name . Septuagenary ( septuagenus ) pertaining to seventy or threescore and ten . Septuagesima , is a Sunday certain , being always the next but one before Shrove Sunday , from which , till the Octaves of Easter , the solemnizing of marriage is by the Cannon Laws forbidden ; that being a time of mourning , for the fall of Adam , and misery of man thereon ensuing ; And Easter with its Octaves is a time of Christs glorification , and so of ours also in him , for his , and , by him , our conquest over death and sin ; And that therefore all carnal affection ought during that space to be wholy mortified in us . See Quinquagesima . Septuagesimal ( septuagesimus ) pertaining to the number seventy , or Septuagesima Sunday . Septuagints ( septuaginta ) properly signifie the seventy Translators of the holy Bible out of Hebrew into Greek , who were in truth Seventy two ( viz ) six chosen out of every one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel , by Eleazer the High-Priest , at the request of Prolomaeus Philadelphus King of Aegypt , for the richest ornament of his memorable Library . These by compendious speech are called the seventy Interpreters , as the Centum viri , among the Romans , who were indeed One hundred and five , three out of a Tribe , and thirty five Tribes . Budaeus . Septuary ( from Septem ) may be applied to any thing composed of the number seven . Dr. Br. uses it for a week , consisting of seven days . Septuncial ( septuncialis ) of seven ounces , or seven parts of the whole . Sepulchral ( sepulchralis ) of or belonging to a Grave or Sepulchre . Sepulchred , buried , put , or made into a Sepulchre . Bac. Sepuli● ( sepelio ) to bury , interr , or lay in the Earth . Sepulture ( sepultura ) a laying in the ground , a burying , an interring or intombing . Sequele ( sequela ) the following , consequence , issue , or success of a thing ; also a train or retinue . Sequences ( sequencia ) answering Verses , or Verses that answer one another sequentially ; things that follow one another in order . Seques●er Sequestiate ( sequestro ) to separate a thing in controversie , from the possession of both those that contend for it . And this is double , Voluntary sequestration or Judiciary . Voluntary is that which is used by the consent of both parties : Judiciary is that which the Judge of his Authority doth , whether the parties will or not . Cow. In what sence it hath been of late years used , very many know by sad experience . Sequestrator ( Lat ) is he that puts a thing in controversie into another man ; hand ; or rather the third person , who takes a thing in controversie between two . But it is now usually taken for an Officer , that receives the Rents of Recusants or Delinquents Estates , for the use of the Commonwealth . Seraglio ( the Turkish word is Serai , borrowed from the Persian Seraw , which signifies a house ) is that place in Constantinople , where the Grand Signor resides with his Court ; the description whereof , you may see at large in Mr. Rob. Withers Book , published by Mr. Greaves , 1650. Serain ( Fr. ) a foggy mist or dampish vapor , falling in Italy about Sun-set , at which time it is unwholsom to be abroad there , especially bare-headed ; mildew ; also the fresh and cool air of the evening . Seraph , a Turkish coyn of fine gold , worth about a French crown . Seraphim ( Heb : i. fulgentes aut comburentes ; so called for their burning with divine love and charity ) the highest order of the celestial Hierarchy of Angels . See Hierarchy . Seraphical ( from Seraphin ) celestial , inflamed with divine love , like a Seraphim ; also fiery or burning . Seraphis , a Serpent , worshipped by the Egyptians as a God. Serenade ( Fr. ) evening musick at the door or under the window of a lovely or beloved creature . Serenity ( serenitas ) fair , and clear weather , quietness , calmness . Sergeant at Law ( or of the Coyf ) is the highest degree , taken in that profession , as a Doctor of the Civil Law , &c. with what solemnity these Sergeants are created , read Fortescu . c. 50. & Coks Reports . Sergeanty ( from the Fr. Sergeant , or Sergent , i. one retained to guard ones person ) signifies in our Common Law , a service due to the King , from his Tenant holding by such service ; For this service cannot be due to any Lord from his Tenant , but to the King onely . And this is either grand or petit , as you shall find in Littletons Tenures , and Br. l. 2. c. 26. Sergreant , a tearm in Heraldry , applyed onely to the Griffin , so called . Sericated ( sericatus ) clothed with , or attired in silk . Series ( Lat. ) an order , succession or process in any matter hanging wel together ; a row , an issue or descent of kindred ; a race or course . Sermocinate ( sermocinor ) to talk or commune with . Serosity ( serositas ) the waterishness or thinner parts of the mass of blood ( answering to whay in milk ) which floats upon it after it has been let out of a vein ; also the whayish or waterish moisture drawn by the Kidney from all parts of the body , and , after some concoction , termed urine . Serous , pertaining to such waterishness , or moisture , &c. Serotine Serotinous ( serotinus ) that is in the evening , late , lateward . Serpentine ( serpentinus ) of or belonging to Serpents ; under which general name all vermine that creep on the belly , as Snakes , Adders , &c. are contained . Also winding , wrigling or crooking . Serpentine verses , are those which do , as it were , run into themselves , as we see Serpents pictured with tail in mouth : So these verses begin and end with the same word . As that of Juvenal . Crescit amor nummi , quantum ipsa pecunia crescit . Also a kind of warlike Engine called a Serpentine or Basilisco . Serpet , a kind of Basket. Serred ( Fr. serré ) compact , contracted , bound fast . Bac. Servable ( servabilis ) that may be kept or preserved . Servet ; see Sherbet . Servile ( servilis ) pertaining to a servant or bondage ; slavish . Servitude ( servitudo ) bondage , slavery , thraldom , servility . Serviteur ( Fr. ) a servitor , servant , Serving-man , Attendant or Waiter . We use the word Servitor in our Universities , where the poor or meaner sort of Schollars ( that have not wherwith sufficiently to maintain themselves ) execute the Office of a Servitor or Attendant to those of greater wealth and quality . Sesquialteral ( sesquialter ) that which contains one and an half , or the whole and half again , as six to four . Sesquipedal ( sesquipedalis ) of a foot and half in measure . Sesquipedalian , one that is a foot and a half high . Sesquipedalian words ( verba sesquipedalia ) used by Horace for great , stout , and lofty words ; words that are very long , consisting of many syllables . Sesquitertian ( sesquitertius ) which contains as much as another , and a third part more ; as twelve to nine . Session ( sessio , à sedeo ) a sitting ; Sessions are usually taken for the quarterly sitting of Justices in Court , otherwise called General Sessions . An. 5. Eliz. ca. 4. or Open Sessions . ibid. There are also other kinds of Sessions , of which see Cromp. J. of P. fol. 109 , 110. Sesterce Sesterc●e ( sestertius ) a coyn among the Romans , whereof Denarius contained four , and is so called quasi Semitertius , for it contained two and a half of the brazen coin called As , and it is marked with this figure , H - S. which signifies two pound and a half . Of our money it valued about three half pence farthing ; Or ( as the Translator of ● Tacitus computes it ) three half pence farthing , and half farthing . This Character H-S . two capital II. and the letter S thus coupled together , stood for Sestertius , others say the true character was L L.S. Sestine ( Fr. ) a Stanza of six verses . Sethim or Setim , a tree like a white Thorn , the timber whereof never rots . Of this tree was made the holy Ark of the Old Testament ; see Ark. Setigerous ( setiger ) that bears or hath bristles on his back . Severians ( so called from Severus their first founder ) a sort of Hereticks that condemned marriage , abstained from eating flesh and drinking wine , &c. Sevidical ( saevidicus ) that speaks cruel and rigorous words , that threateneth . Sevil ; see Sivil . Sevocation ( sevocatio ) a calling a part or aside , a withdrawing from . Sewel , a paper , clout or any thing hanged up to keep a Deer from entring into a place . A term of Hunting . Sewer or Sewar , has two significations , one applied to him that ushers or comes in before the meat of the King or other great Personage , and placeth it on the Table , &c. The other , to such passages or gutters , as carry water into the Sea or River , in Lawyers Latin called Sewera , A. 6. H. 6. c. 5. And there are Commissions of Sewers usually granted under the Great Seal , authorising certain persons , to see Dreins and Ditches well kept and maintained in the Marish and Fen Countries , for better conveyance of the water into the Sea , and preserving the grass for food of Cattle . This word is probably derived from the Fr. ( issue ) an issue or going forth , as if we should call them Issuers , because they give issue or passage to the water , &c. And the Latin word ( suera ) sometimes used in these Commissions , is a competent reason for this conjecture . See Fitz. nat . br . in Oyer and Terminer . I have heard of an old French book containing the Officers of the King of Englands Court as it was antiently governed , wherein , he whom we now call Sewer , was called Asseour , which comes from the Fr. ( Asseoir ) to settle or place , wherein his Office in setting down the meat is well expressed . And Sewer , as it signifies such an Officer , is by Fleta Latined Assessor , a setter down , lib. 2. ca. 15. Sexagesima Sunday , is always the Sunday next before Shrove Sunday , and is so called either for being the sixth before Passion Sunday , or the second before Quadragesima Sunday , reckoning backward from Quadragesima to Quinquagesima , and thence to Sexagesima , and so to Septuagesima . Sexennial ( sexennis ) that is six years old , or of six years standing . Sextant ( sextans ) a coin less then that called Quadrant by the third part ; a certain weight being two ounces , by some called Obolus , by others the sixth part of any measure , sum or quantity that is divided into twelve parts ; also two inches . The sixth part of Jugerum . Varro . Sextantary ( sextantarius ) belonging to that measure or weight . Sextary ( sextarius ) a measure or weight ; the Roman Sextary contains of Wine or wheat , two pound Roman , that is 24 ounces , a pound and an half averdupois weight , less then the Paris pint by eight ounces . You may try it , following Glareans rule , by making a measure four inches long , by square three inches deep , and as many broad , which is the true Sextary ; according to this account , it is just our pint and a half ; for in our Wine pint are but sixteen ounces . Physicians assign but eighteen ounces , or at the most twenty to Sextarius , and then it is but two or four ounces more then our pint . Sextarius after Geo. Agricola , contains two Heminae , one pound measure and eight ounces , that is twenty ounces or inch measures . Sextarius of Oyl is sixteen ounces , five drams & one scruple ; of wine 18 ounces and an half , two Siliquies , two grains , and two third parts of a grain . Tho. Sexte , a part of the Canon Law , added to the decretals . Sexten , seems to be corrupt from sacristan , which see . Sextery ; see Sacristy . Sextile or Sextilian moneth ( Sextilis ) the moneth of August , so called , because it is the sixth from March , which was the first moneth of the year with the Romans . Shackbolt or Shackle , a prisoners Bolt , a Fetter , or Give . Sextule ( sextula ) the sixth part of an ounce , that is a dram and a scruple ; also a measure of Land. Sextuple ( sextuplus ) six-fold , or that contains , or is made of the number six . A time in Musick , containing six Crotchets to a Bar , appropriated chiefly to Sarabands . Shallop ( from the Fr. Schalupe , or Lat. Scapha , a Boat , or perhaps from shallow-up , because , being a small Vessel , it goes up into shallow places ) a small Boat so called , Also a kind of Shel-fish . Shamots or Chamois , a kinde of wilde Goat , whose skin , being rightly dressed , makes our true Shamois Leather . Shafment , is a kinde of measure used in some parts of England , and is the breadth of a mans hand , and the length of the thumb . Shamsheer , the usual Sword among the Persians , not unlike the Turkish Scymitar ; for ( Mr. Herb. saith ) it is crooked like a Crescent , and sharp as a Razor . Fol. 147. Shash , is the whole piece ( be it long or short ) of fine linnen , of which the Turbant is made , but the name of the Linnen is Telbent ; whence we falsly call that which a Turk wears about his head a Turbant , whereas the true name is Saruck , and the Turks themselves so call it ; it comes from Sarnack , which signifies to joyn about , or to swathe . Shaw , in the Persian Tongue , is a King ; and Potshaw an Emperor . Herb. Tr. Shekel ; see Sicle . Sherbet or Serbet ( in the Persian Tongue , it signifies pleasant liquor ) is a kinde of drink in great request , both in Turkie and Persia , and is compounded of juyce of Lemons , Sugar , Amber , and other ingredients ; another sort of it is made of Violets , Honey , juyce of Raisons , and the like . Others say Sherbet is an Arabic word , and signifies drink in general . Sherry Sack , so called from Zeres , a Sea Town of Corduba in Spain , where that kind of Sack is made . Scewage ; see Scavage . Skeyn , a kinde of long knife , or short sword , antiently and still used by the Irish Kernes . Antiq. Hiber . p. 57. Shibboleth or Schibboleth ( Hebr. i. spica ) by the pronounciation of this word , the Galaadites ( who fought for , and under Jepthe , the Judge of Israel ) discovered the Ephramites to be their enemies , and not Galaadites , as they pretended to be for their safety ; for when they were taken by the true Galaadites at the passages over Jordan ( through which they endeavored to escape ) they ceuld not pronounce Shibboleth or Schibboleth , but Sibboleth which cost two and forty thousand of them their lives at that time , Judges cap. 12. Hence the word is usually taken for a word of trial , to discern Citizens from Aliens ; Friends from Foes . See Pichigni . Shilo or Shiloh ( Hebr i. missus ) is mentioned in the Prophecy of Jacob , where it is said , The Scepter shall not depart from Judah , till Shiloh come , that is , till our Saviour come , Gen. 49.10 . The word signifies a Prosperer or Safe-maker . Waters of Shiloah ; see in Waters . Shingle ( from the Teut. Schindel , & that from Scindo ) a Slate or Lath of wood to cover houses . Shingles ( à cingendo ) a disease about the Brest , Belly , or Back , the place affected , looking red and increasing circle-wise more & more , it is chiefly cured with Cats blood ; if it go round the body , it kils . Shoud , a Justice of Peace among the Turks Shrew , a kind of Field-Mouse , which if he go over a beasts back , will make him lame in the Chine ; and if he bite , the beast swels to the heart and dies . Gesn . From hence came our English phrase , I beshrew thee , when we wish ill ; and we call a curst woman , a Shrew . Shrift or Shriving ( Sax. ) perhaps from Scrinium , quasi revelare peccata , ab intimo scrinio ) was antiently taken for auricular Confession . Shrove-tide , from the Sax. Shrive or Shrift , and the Belg. Tyde , i. tempus , a time of shriving or confessing sins ; for about that time the Roman Catholicks use to confess their sins and receive the Blessed Sacrament , to the end they may the more religiously observe the holy time of Lent , then immediately ensuing . Shrine ( scrinium ) that which contained the body of a Saint , or the place where such a body was buried or intombed . Sialoquent ( sialoquus ) that spits much in his speech . Sibilate ( sibilo ) to whistle or hiss . Bac. Sibils ; see Sybils . Siccaneous ( siccaneus ) dry of nature , that hath no Rivers or Springs to water it . Siccifical ( siccificus ) that has power to make dry . Siccity ( siccitas ) driness , drouth , lack of sap or moisture , barrenness . Sicilian Vesperas ; see Vesperas . Sicle or Shekel ( siclus , from the Hebrew shakel , i. librare ) as well a kind of coyn both of Silver and Gold , as a weight among the Jews ; on one side of the silver Shekel was carved a pot with Manna , and this Inscription in Hebrew , The Shekel of Israel ; on the other , Aarons Rod , with this , Holy Jerusalem ; this ( which was called the Holy Shekel ) was worth of our money about two shillings six pence ; the common Shekel half so much , in weight half an ounce , Exod. 30.13 . Gen. 23 15 , 16. And from thence comes our word Skale , to weigh with ; see Moses and Aaron , p. 265. Sidelayes , A term of Hunters , and is when Dogs are laid in the way to be let slip at a Deer , as he passes by . Sidemen , alias Questmen , those that are yearly chosen according to the custom of a Parish , to assist the Church-wardens in the inquiry and presenting such offenders to the Ordinary , as are punishable in the Court Christian . Sideral ( sideralis ) belonging to stars or Planets . Siderated ( sideratus ) blasted , stricken with a Planet , taken , benummed . Br. Sidereal Siderean ( siderus ) of or like stars , shining , bright ; heavenly . Siderite ( siderites ) an iron-like stone , which ( as some imagine ) has power to set men at variance ; Also the Load-stone . Sigalion , an Image in Egypt , that by pressing his fingers on his lips , seemed to command silence . Sigillar ( sigillaris ) belonging to a seal or mark . Sigiliative ( sigillatus ) sealable , that is apt , or hath strength to seal , or mark ; made of wax . Bac. Sigismund ( Germ. ) victorious , peace , or victory with peace ; that Sig signifies victory , Alfric , Dasipodius and Luther all agree , yet Hadr. Junius turns it victorious or prevailing speech . Sigles ( siglae ) notes , breviatures , initial Letters set for words . As S.P.D. for Salutem plurimam dicit , &c. Signacle ( signaculum ) a sign , seal , mark or character . Signatory ( signatorius ) that is used or serves to seal withal ; As Annulus signatorius , a Seal-Ring , a Signet . Signature ( signatura ) a subscribing , a sign manual , ones hand or mark set to a writing , a signing of a Notary . Among Printers the mark or letter they set at the bottom of every sheet printed , as A , B , C , &c. to tell their Quires by , and distinguish one sheet from another , is called the Signature . Signaturist , one that sealeth , marketh , brandeth . Signiferous ( signifer ) that bears a sign , Standard or Image . Silentiary ( silentiarius ) an Usher or Crier , who sees good rule and silence kept . Silery or Cilery , Drapery or foliage wrought on the heads of Pillars and Posts , and made as cloth and leaves turning divers ways ; it comes from Siler , an Osier or small Withe , because Silery ofttimes resembles it ; see Drapery . Silicious ( siliceus ) of or pertaining to flint , flinty . Sillogism ; see Syllogism . Sillographer ( sillographus ) a writer of scoffs , taunts and revilings ; such was Timon . Silvestrous ; see in Syl — Silurist ( from silures ) a Native of , or one that lives in , South-Wales . Simbal ; see Cimbal . Similar Similary parts ( partes simulares ) parts ( of the body ) of one substance , and which ( though divided ) retain the name of the whole . And Dissimulary parts differ from the whole , as Nerves , Bones , and the like . See Dissimilary . Simitar ; see Scymitar . Simmetry ; see Symmetry . Simon ( Hebr. ) obedient , listning . Philo. Simony ( simonia ) the buying or selling of Church Livings , or other spiritual things for mony . It first took denomination from Simon Magus , a Sorcerer of Samaria , who offered money to the Apostles , that he might have power to give the Holy Ghost to any he should lay his hands on , for which attempt he was sharply reproved by St. Peter . Simoniakes ( from Simon Magus ) those that buy or sell Church Livings or other spiritual things . It is also a general name for all Hereticks , because ( as St. Irenaeus saith ) Simon was the Father of them all . Simoniacal ( from Simonia ) pertaining to Simony . Simous ( simus ) flat nosed . Simplis● ( simplista ) an Herbalist ; one that understands or professes to understand the nature of Simples , Plants and Drugs . Simulacre ( simulacrum ) an Image of a man or woman , the proportion of any thing , the shadow , figure , semblance or pattern of a thing . Simulation ( simulatio ) a feigning , a counterfeiting , a making of resemblance , a dissembling , a colour or pretence . Simuleaneous ( from simultas ) that is privily displeased , or hates with dissembling countenance . Le Str. Sina , a Mountain in Arabia , where the Law of God was given to Moses ; called also Horeb. Sinapism ( sinapismus ) a Medicine , Oyntment or Salve , made of Mustard , serving to raise blisters or wheals on the skin . Sindic ; see Syndic . Sindon ( Gr. ) very fine Linnen ; as Cambrick , Lawn , &c. Sing-cantor ; see Succentor . Single , the tail of a Deer among Huntsmen . Sinister ( Lat. ) pertaining to , or that is on the left hand ; unlucky , unfortunate , contrary . Sinisterity ( sinisteritas ) unhandsomness , frowardness , lack of grace in doing a thing . Sinon , a perfidious Grecian that betrayed Troy , &c. from whence all perfidious persons may be called Sinons . Sinoper ( sinopis ) a red stone , commonly cal'd Ruddle . Sinopical ( sinopicus ) of or belonging to that Stone . Sion ; see Scion . Siphack ( Arabick ) the inner Rim of the belly , which is joyned to the Cawl , where the Intrailes are covered . A term in Anatomy . Si-quis is a little Bill set up in some open place upon a Post or Wall ; and is so called , because it usually begins with Si ▪ quis — . If any one ( viz. ) hath found , that which is mentioned herein to be lost , let him bring it to such a place , and he shall be rewarded for his pains . Sir , a title of dignity given to Baronets and Knights ; and not onely attributed to Kings , but to all Gentlemen in discourse ; some derive it from the Hebr. sar , princeps , others from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. Dominus , others from the Brit. Syr or Syre , Domine ; others from the Ital. Sere , or Fr. Sire . And Stephanus deduces it from Cyrus , the Persian word for a Lord or great Prince . Sirens ( Serenes , from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. attrahere ) See Mermaides . Alluring and tempting women , are called Sirens . Sirenical , pertaining to Sirens , attractive . Sirenize , to play the Siren , to attract or allure , as Sirens do with singing . Sir●us , the Dog-Star , or Star called Canicula , at whose rising the Dog-dayes alwayes begin , and took denomination . Sirocco ( Ital. ) a South-East-wind , thought to be hurtfull and infectious in Italy . Sisyphus , a great Robber of Attica , slain by Theseus . Poets say , he rouls a stone to the top of a Hill in Hell , which still tumbles back again , and so makes his labor endless , &c. Hence to roul the stone of Sisyphus , is taken for any endless or insuperable labor . Sitark ( sitarchus ) he that hath the office to provide Corn , and Victuals sufficient . Site ( situs ) the setting or standing of any place , the seat or situation ; a Territory or quarter of a Country . Sitient ( sitiens ) thirsting , coveting , desiring much . Sittim . See Sethim . Sivil or Sevil , from the Span. Sevilla , the chief City of Andaluzia in Spain , from whence we have our Sevil Oranges , and therefore so called . Sixain ( Fr. ) a sixth , sixth part ; the proportion of six ; Hence a Poem or Stanza of six verses . Siz● , is a farthings worth of bread or drink , which Schollars in Cambridge have at the Buttery , noted with the letter S. As in Oxford with the letter Q. for half a farthing , and Qa . for a farthing ; And whereas they say in Oxford , to Battel in the Buttery Book i. to set down on their names , what they take in Bread , Drink , Butter , Cheese , &c. In Cambrigde they call it Sizing . Sizygy ; see Syzygie . Skeleton ; see Sceleton . Skellum ; see Scellum . Skiff or Sc●p● ( scapha ) a ship-boat , properly all of one piece . Skink , is in Scotland a kind of Pottage of strong nourishment , made of Knuckles and Sinews of Beef long boiled . Skinker ( Dutch Schencker ) a Fil-c●p , one that fills bear or wine , a Butler or Cup-bearer . Slay ( from the Teuton . Slagon , i. to strike ) an Instrument of a Weavers Loom , having teeth like a Comb. Slockster ( Belg. Slocker ) one that slocks or inticeth away mens servants . See Plagiary . Slot , a term in hunting , and signifies the view or print of a Stags foot in the ground . Slough , a damp , such as usually happens in Colepits ; also a deep , sinking , mudy place . Smaragdine ( smaragdinus ) belonging to the precious stone called a Smaradg or Emerald ; green , as an Emerald . Sm●ctym●uans , about the beginning of the long Parliament in the year 1641 , five Ministers wrote a book against Episcopacy and the Common Prayer , in behalf of the Presbyterian Government , to which they all subscribed their names , being ●tephen Marshal , Edm. Calamy , Tho. Young , Matth. Newcomen , and Will Spurstow ; the first letters whereof make this word , Smectymnuus ; and from thence they and their Followers were called Smectymnuans . Smegmatick ( smegmaticus ) that hath the power or strength to scoure or cleanse , as soap . Smeth or Smoothery ; a medicine or physical Ointment to take away hair . Snap●ynse , a fire-lock , or Gun that strikes fire without the use of a Match . Sobriquet ( Fr. ) a sirname ; also a nickname or by word . See Fuller lib. 3. fol. 30. Soccog ( from the Fr. Soc. i. a Coulter or plough-share ) is a tenure of lands by or for certain inferior or husbandly services to be performed to the Lord of the Fee. See Institutes of Common Law. 31. Socin● , a late Sect , begun by Laelius Socinus the Uncle , and made up by Faustus ●ocinus of Sienna , his Nephew who first dispersed his Errors in Polonia , Transylvania , and Sarmatia , about the year 1555. They deny the eternal Divinity of the second Person of the Blessed Trinity , with other gross Errors . See Mr Chewney's Anti-Socinianism . Socome , an old Law word , signifying the custom of grinding at the Lords Mill ; and there is Bond-Socome , where the Tenants are bound to it ; and Love-Socome ▪ where they do it freely out of love to their Land-lord . Socord ( socordia ) Luskishness , sloathfulness , negligence , idleness , sottishness . Socratick ( socraticus ) of or belonging to that excellent Philosopher Socrates , or to the Sect , whereof he was chief : Hence , wise , prudent , learned . So●ality ( sodalitas ) a Fellowship , a Fraternity , a Society , an Assembly , a Brotherhood , a Company incorporate of any mystery or Craft . Sodalic●ou● ( sodalicius ) belonging to sodality or Fellowship . Sodomy ( sodomia ) buggery ; so called from the City Sodom in Judaea , which for that detest●ble sin was destroyed with fire from heaven , Gen. 19. Sodomite , an Ingler or Buggerer . Sodomitical , pertaining to Sodomy or Buggery . Sol , the Sun , one of the seven Planets . See Saturn . Solace ( solatium ) comfort , consolation ; help , or succor . Solar ( solaris ) of or belonging to the Sun. Solary ( solarium ) a Sun-Dyal ; Also a yearly Pension paid to the Prince , to live out of common business ; or the rent that one pays yearly for an house that is built upon the soil or land of the Common-wealth . Soldado ( Span. Soldat Fr. ) a Souldier , one that follows the wars . Soldádo borádo , a cashiered Soldier ; a Soldier blotted out of the Muster Roll ; perhaps derived from the Brit. Sawdiwr , i. miles , and that from Sawd , which signifies praelium or bellum . Soldan , See Sultan . Soldures ( soldurii ) were ( as Caesar saith ) in the Gaulish language , such kinde of men , as destined and vowed themselves to the amity of any , to take part in all their good and bad fortunes . Soleated ( soleatus ) shod , as horses are , or that wears pattens . Solecism ( soloecismus ) a false manner of speaking , contrary to the rules of Grammer , incongruity ; Any thing done out of order , or contrary to rule , may be termed a Solecism . It arose from those , who being Athenians born , and dwelling in Soli , a City in Cilicia , spake not pure Attic , but mixt with the Solian's more barbarous Language . Solecismical , pertaining to a Solescism , incongruous . Solegrebe or Solegrob● , an old name of the moneth Frebruary . Solennial ( solennis ) yearly , used or done every year at a certain time , publick , solemn , accustomed . Solen● , the ancient name of that part of the Sea , which divides the Isle of Wight from our main Land in Hampshire . Bedes Hist . pag. 366. Sol●vetion ( from the Span. Solevar . i. sublevare ) a lifting or holding up ; Also an aiding , succoring or ass●sting . Lustr . Ludov. Solidation ( solidatio ) a making whole or firm , a soldering . Solide● , Five regular bodies , or figures Geometrical ( viz. ) the Circle , Cube , Pyramid , Cilinder , and Dodochaedron . Solifidian ( from sola fides ) one that holds faith onely ( without works ) necessary to salvation , or one that depends upon faith alone . Soliloquy ( soliloquium ) talk alone , as of one with one , or one with himself . Soliped ( from solidus and pes ) that hath a whole or sound foot , not cloven nor broken , such is that of a Horse . If from solus and pes , then it signifies , one-footed , or that hath but one foot . Dr. Br. Solisequious ( from solem sequens ) following or that follows the Sun. Br. Solistim ( solistimum ) a kind of dancing among the Augures , or a Divination taken by falling of the bread on the ground , which was given to Chickens . Solitan●ous ( solitaneus ) solitary , single , alone , without company . Solivagart ( solivagus ) that goes here and there alone , and flies company , wandering all alone , solitary . Solon , one of the seven wisemen of Greece . The other six were Chilo , Cleobulus , Thales , Bias , Pittacus , and Periander . V. Hist . of Philos . in Preface . Solstice ( solstitium , quasi Solis statio ) the Sun-stead or stay , when it can neither go higher nor lower , which is in Summer about mid June , when the days are at the longest , and in Winter about mid December , when they are at the shortest ; at which time the Sun comes to the Tropick of Capricorn , and in June to that of Cancer . It is most commonly taken for Midsummer ; and Mid-winter is termed Bruma . Solstitical ( solstitialis ) belonging to the Solstice , or stay of the Sun. Also that continues but a little time . Soluble ( solubilis ) which may be unloosed or unbound . Solve ( solvo ) to loose , to release , to deliver , to undo , to dissolve , resolve , &c. Solute Solutive ( solutus ) loosed or loosening ; set at liberty , quiet , free . Somniculous ( somniculosus ) negligent , sleepy , drowzy , sluggish ; also that makes drowzy or sleepy . Somniferous ( somnifer ) that brings or causeth sleep . Somnus ( Lat. ) sleep , sometimes night ; also rest , quietness ; also the God of Sleep . Ovid. Somne quies rerum , dulcissime Somne Deorum . Sonorous ( sonorus ) loud ; making a great noise , shril , roaring . Son●ag● , is a tax of forty shillings , laid upon every Knights Fee. Stow , p. 284. Sontick ( sonticus ) noysom , hurtfull . The Sontick disease ( Morbus Sonticus ) a continual and extream sickness , that hangs long upen a man , and is ended within ▪ no certain time ; and whereby we are disabled to perform our necessary business . The Falling Evil is such a disease . Sigonius infers , That every disease which hinders us in the performance of our businesses , is termed Sonticus . Soo●er●y , a monster , like a Bat , which some women in Dutchland are said to have brought forth , as the product of some preternatural conception , Cl. Poems . Sophia ( Gr. ) Wisdom ; a name peculiarly applied by the Primitive Christians to our most Blessed Saviour , who is the Wisdom of his Father , by whom all things , were made ; and therefore some godly persons do more then dislike the communicating it to any other . Cam. Sophy ( Ar. ) the great Lord or King of Persia so called . Sophism ( Sophisma ) a crafty or deceitfull sentence ; an Oration or Sentence , seeming to be true , but false indeed ; a cavil . Sophist or Sophister ( Sophista ) He that professeth Philosophy for lucre or vain-glory ; a deceiver , under an eloquent or crafty speaking ; a cunning or cavilling disputer , who will make a false matter seem true . Sophisticate ( sophistico ) to adulterate or falsifie , to make counterfeit or deceitfull . Sophistry ( sophistria ) the art of quaint beguiling or circumvention , by words or false Arguments , called also Lulliin . Sopited ( sopitus ) laid to sleep , being at rest . Sopition ( sopitio ) sleeping , or being at rest . Soporate ( soporo ) to bring or induce sleep . Soporiferous ( soporifer ) that brings or causeth sleep , drowzy . Sorbition ( sorbitio ) a supping , as of broth or pottage . Sorbonist are those learned Doctors and Batchellors of Divinity of the Colledge of Sorbon in Paris ; which took denomination from one Robert de Sorbonne , who was one of the Almoners & Preachers of St Lewis the Ninth , King of France , and the Donor and Instituter of this Colledge , about the year 1264. 2 Part Tr. Sorcelery ( Fr. ) Sorcery or Sorcellage ( sortilegium ) charming , inchanting , witchcraft , divination by lots . Sordidate ( sordido ) to make foul , to array sluttishly and filthily . Sordid ( sordidus ) filthy , dishonest , unclean , all berayed , sluttish , corrupt . &c. Sordine or Sordet ( from the Fr. Sourdine ) the little Pipe or Tenon , put into the mouth of a Trumpet , to make it sound low ; also a kinde of hoarse or low sounding Trumpet . Sore a male fallow Deer of four years old . Sore-el or Sorel , A Male fallow deer of three years old . Sorites ( Gr. ) a kinde of Argument consisting of divers Propositions , in which the Predicate of the former , is still made the subject of the latter , till in conclusion the last Predicate be attributed to the first subject : A● , Thomas is a man ; a man is an Animal ; an Animal is a Body ; a Body is a Substance ; therfore Thomas is a Substance . So●ca● , pertaining to such an Argument . Sororiant Virgin ( Virgo Sororians ) a yong maid , whose Brests began to be embossed and round , or set out for shew . Sororicide ( sororicida ) a murtherer of his own sister . Sor●elegy ( sortilegium ) a divination by Lots , Sorcery . Sortition ( sortitio ) a choosing or appointing by lots , a casting of lots , a lotting . Sorcitor ( Lat. ) a caster of lots . Sospital ( sospitalis ) that is cause of health , medicinable , wholsom , safe , free from danger . Sot , See Asotus . Soulack , an eminent Officer about the person of the Turkish Emperor . Soul-masse-Cakes , are certain oaten cakes , which some of the wealthier sort of persons in Lancashire use still to give the poor on All Souls day , ( Nov. 2. ) and the poor people take themselves oblig'd to say this old verse , in retribution , God have your Saul . Bones and all . Source ( Fr. ) an original , or beginning , a Spring or Well-head ; a Seminary , Race or Off-spring . Sor● ( surdus ) deaf , hard of hearing ; also listless , unattentive , heedless ; also dumb . Sounder , a company of wilde Bores together ; as we say , A Herd of Deer . Spa●daires , an order of white-Friers , which wear on their habits a representatition of two Red Swords . S●a● ( spado ) that is gelded , be it man or Beast . Spadiards , Laborers in the Tin-mines of Cornwall ; so called from the Spade they use . Spa●c●ous ( spadecus ) of a light red or bright bay colour . Spagy●al ( spagiricus ) of or belonging to Alchimy , or an Alchimist . Spagy●i●k ( spagyrus ) an Alchimist , an extracter of quintessences . Spa●ies or Spachies , ( the right word is Espawhee , which in the Persian tongue signifies a Horseman ) are the Great Turks Horsemen or Cavalry , armed for the most part at once , with Bow , Mace , Lance , Harquebuse , and Scimitar . ●ands . Sparo , a red Male deer of three years old . Sparsion ( sparsio ) a sprinkling , especially of water , coloured with Saffron , out of some Pipe. Sparsedly ( from sparsim ) here and there , one with another , scatteringly . Bac. Spartan ( spartanus ) belonging to the Lacedemonians , or to their chief City Sparta . Spasmatical ( spasmaticus ) pertaining to the disease called the Spasm or Cramp , which is a ●onvulsion , or piucking up of the Sinews , arising either of to much fulness , or overmuch emptiness . S●t , Spat●er or Spatule ( Spalla ) a little slice or Splat●r , wherewith Surgeons a● Apotheca●ies use to spread their plaisters and salves also a litle two handed or bstard sword . Sp●ate ( spatior ) to walk abroad to travel , to wander , to go jeing up and down . Specs ( Lat. ) a figure , image , f●n , or shap , likeness , semblan● outward face or shew , & c. ●e different kind of any thing With Grammarians , Spec● is the accident of a word , a Primitive or Derivative . ●th Logicians it is the secon of the five Predicables ; see enus . Specific● specificus special , particu , belonging to Species . Specious ●peciosus ) goodly or fair to to , beautiful , or graceful appearance , honorable inew . Spectable ( spectabilis ) worthy to been , or that may be seen , ●le ; of great renown , notab goodly . Spectative ( spectativus ) that belongs to ●eculation ; speculative , complative . Spectre ( spum ) is an apparition or inination of a substance with a body , which presents it self sensibly to men against the order and course of Nature ; a Ghost , a spirit , a fantasie , a vision . Specular ( specularis ) any thing whereby a man may see the better , belonging to seeing or spying , to Spectacles or glass windows . Speculation ( speculatio ) a spying , a watching in an open place , a discovery , a considering , or observing . Speculate ( speculor ) to watch in an high Tower , or other like place , to see far , to espy , search out , to consider diligently ; to behold and gaze upon . Speculatory ( speculatorius ) belonging to espial or scouting . Spel ( Sax. ) a word : see Gospel . Spelt ( spelta ) a kind of wheat growing in Italy , France and Flanders , called also Zena . Sperable ( sperabilis ) that may be hoped for , or trusted unto . Sperma Ceti ; see Parmaceti . Sperm ( sperma ) the natural seed of man , or any other natural seed whereof things are engendred ; spawn of fishes . Spermatical , belonging to such seed , or to the veins which contain the seed . Spermatize , to shed , eject or inject natural seed or sperm . Speustick ( speusticus ) made in haste or quickly , made and baked on the sudden . Sphaselism ( sphaselismus ) an ulcer eating in the brain . Sher● ( sphaera ) a figure in all parts equally round , a Circle , a Globe , a Bowle , or any thing that is round . The Sphere of the world consists of Ten Circles , the Aequinoctial , the Zodiack , the Two Colures , the Horizon , the Meridian , the Two Tropicks , and the Two Polar Circles . Sperable ( sperabilis ) that may be made round like a Sphere . Sperical ( spericus ) round like a Sphere , Orbicular , Globe like . Spericity ( from spaera ) the being round like a Spere , roundness , Br. Spheromachy ( sphaeromachia ) playing at Tennis , or Bowling . Spher ( Lat. ) an Indian , and Aethiopian Beast , rough bodied like an Ape ( of the kinde whereof he is ) yet hairless between his Neck and Brest , round , but out-faced , and Brested like a woman , his unarticulate voice like that of a hasty speaker , more gentle and tameable then an ordinary Ape , yet fierce by nature , and revengefull , when he is hurt ; having eaten meat enough , he reserves his Chaps full to feed on when he feels himself hungry again . Spicated ( spicatus ) eared , or in an ear , as corn is . Spiciferous ( spicifer ) that beareth ears of corn . Spicilegy ( spicilegium ) gathering ears of corn , gleaning or leising corn . Lo. B●c . Spiculator ( Lat. ) a● Archer , or Spearman of a Guard ; Some take it for a Tormenter or Hangma . Spine ( spina ) a thoa , the sting of a Bee , a prickl ; Also the back-bone . Spinal ( spinalis ) penining to the Chine , or back-bne . Spiniferous ( spinir ) that beareth prickles , or horns , thorney . Spinosity ( spinosis ) thornishness , fulness of rickles , difficulty . Spins●er , a ternor addition in our Law-Diact , given in Evidences and ●tings , to a feme sole , as it we , calling her Spinner ; And ●is is the onely addition for ● unmarried women , fr● the Viscounts Daughter ●wnward . Spin●ian ( fin spintriae ) pertaining to th● that seek out , or invent n● and monstruous actions ●ust . Spiracle ( ●paculum ) a breathing hole ▪ hole out of which breath , ● , smoak , or wind issues , a mp-hole . Spiral ( ●n spira ) circular , turning and , winding about . Sir H ▪ ●otton . Spiration spiratio ) a breath or ●thing . In Divinity it is a eathing or impulse of the ●ll , by which it expresseth affection . The Holy Gho proceeds from the Father ●d the Son , as from one onely source , and not as made or created , nor as begotten , but produced through the will by an ineffable way , and this Divines term Spiration . Tour. Cat. Spira●k ( spirarchus ) a Captain in a fore-ward . Spiritualities of a Bishop ( spiritualia Episcopi ) were those profits which he received as a Bishop , and not as a a Baron of the Parliament . Stwanf . pl. Cor. fol. 132. Such were the duties of his Visitation , his Benefit growing from ordering and instituting Priests , Pretestation money , that Subsidium charitativum , which upon reasonable cause he might require of his Clergy . Jo. Greg de Benefic . ca. 6. num . 9. And the benefit of his Jurisdiction . Spiss ( spissus ) thick , slow , and long , gross , massive , firm , hard and sound , standing thick and closs together , full of . Spisity Spissitude spicitas spicitudo thickness , grossness . Bac. Spitter , a red Male Deer of a year old , whose horns begin to grow up sharp Spitwise , called also a Brocket . Spittle or Spittle-house , from the Ital. Spedále , Teut. Spital , or it may be contracted from Hospital ; for it hath the same signification ; an Hospital-house . Spleget ; see Pleget . Splendent Splendit splendens splendidus bright , clear , shining , famous , notable excellent , Splene ( splen ) the Milt of Man or Beast , which is like a long narrow Tongue , lying under the short ribs on the left side , and hath this office of nature , to purge the Liver of superfluous melancholick blood : Sometime it signifies anger or choler . Splendo● ( Lat. ) clearness , brightness , light , beauty , elegancy , glory . Splenetick ( spleneticus ) sick in the Splene , or troubled with the Splene , that hath a great Splene ; also cholerick or angry . Spoliation ( spoliatio ) a robbing , spoiling or taking away . If any difference had been between two Parsons , or Incumbents , claiming under one Patron , and the right of Patronage not in question ; this was to be decided in the Spiritual Court , and was called Spoliation . Nat. Br. 36 , 37. Spondalion ( Gr. ) a Himn consisting most of Spondes ; sung to procure and settle the favor of the gods , whilst the incense was a burning . Sponde ( spondaeus ) a foot , consisting of two long syllables . Spondyles ( spondili ) the Knuckles or turning joynts of the Back-bone or Chine ; also small Bones of Beasts or Fishes . Dr. Br. Sponge ( spongia ) is well known , and is between the nature of an Animal , and a Plant ; it grows under the sea-rocks of the Isle Samos , and not elswhere in the world . Spongious ( spongeosus ) hollow like a Spunge , full of small holes , or eyes like a Spunge , light or puft . Sponsal ( sponsalis ) belonging to betrothing or mariage . Sponsalitious , the same . Sponsion ( sponsio ) a promise , a bargain , a wager , an agreement , a covenant ; every promise made by demanding and asking of another , &c. Spontal Spontare Spontaneous ( spontalis , spontaneus ) that doth , or is done willingly , naturally , without help or constraint , voluntary . Spontane●ty , the freeness or natural unconstrainedness of an action , done without either constraint or choice ; as an Herb grows , or an Animal eats when he is hungry . Sport ( sporta ) a Hand-basket , Maund or Pannier . Act of Parl. 1656 ca. 20. Spon● , sponsa a woman spoused or affianced , a Bride or new married woman ; also from sponsus , a new married man. Spansage ( sponsalia ) the contract or betrothing before full marriage . Spraints , dung of an Otter . Spretor ( Verbal , à sperno ) a contemner , a despiser , a scorner , a setter light by . Spright● , a sort of short Arrows ( formerly used for sea-fight ) without any other heads , save wood sharpned , which were discharged out of Musquets , and would pierce through the sides of ships , where a bullet would not . Spring-tides . As there are every day two Tides ; so every moneth two courses of great Tides and small Tides ; for seven days about the change of the Moon , are the great or Spring-tides , and the next ensuing seven days are the small or Neap-tides ; then at Full Moon are the Spring-tides again , and all the last quarter Neap-tides ; which course of the Sea is thus monethly renewed for ever ; save that some extraordinary Spring-tides sometimes happen in the Spring and Autumn , and sometimes after plenty of Rain , or rage of Weather , &c , And in Neap tides the water is never so high , nor so low , as in Spring-tides . Springal ( from the Belg Springac● ) a young man , or stripling . Sp●me ( spuma ) foam froth , scum . Spumid ( spumidus ) frothy or foamy . Spumiferous ( spumifer ) that bears foam , froth or scum . Spunges ; see Sponges . Spurcidical ( spurcidicus ) that speaks dishonestly or uncleanly , bawdy in talk . Spurious ( spurius ) born of a common woman , that knows not his Father , base-born , counterfeit . Sputative ( from sputo ) that spits often or much . Squadron ( from the Ital. Squadra , or Fr Esquadron ) a certain number of Soldiers ranged into a square Body or Battalion . This word is most commonly appropriated to Horsmen ( Battalion to Footmen ) and sometimes both to Horse and Foot ; see Brigade . Squalid ( squalidus ) filthy , sluttish , foul , ill-favored , causing one to abhor the sight of it . Squalor ( Lat. ) filthiness , sluttishness , uncleanness , deformity of any thing for want of trimming , &c. Squ●migerous ( squamiger ) that hath or beareth scales , scaly . Square-number ; see Quadrate . Squinant ( squinanthum the sweet rush , which is very medicinable : Camels meat . Squinancy ( squinantia ) a swelling disease in the throat , which causeth a difficulty in breathing ; the Squincy . S.S. stand usually for Sacro-Sanctus , or for Sacra Sciptura , or for Sancti ; as S.S. Patres , Sancti Patres . Stability ( stabilitas ) firmness , stableness , soundness , constancy . Stabulate ( stabulo ) to stand or be as Cattel in a Stable or Stall , to be housed as Beasts are , to keep or stall up ones self . Stade ( stadium ) a race for men or horses to run in ; also a proportion or measure of ground , called also a Furlong ; whereof there are three sorts , viz. The Italian , containing one hundred twenty and five paces ; the Olympick of one hundred and twenty paces ; and the Py●hick of two hundred paces , all after five feet to the pace . Of these Stades , eight make an Italian mile , containing one thousand paces ; see Furlong . Stagga●d , a red Male Deer four years old . Stagir●te , Aristotle so called , from Stagira a Town in Macedonia , where he was born . Stallage ( Fr. Estallage ) signifies in our Common Law , money paid for pitching stalls in Fair or Market ; see Scavage . This in Scotland is called Stallange . Skene , verbo Stallongiatores . And among the Romans it was termed ( Siliquaticum ) from siliqua , their first and least of all weights . Stallion ( from the Fr. Estallon , or Ital. Stallóne ) a horse kept for covering Mares . Stamineous ( stamineus ) pertaining to hemp or flax , or that hath shreds in it . Standard or Estandard , ( from the Fr. Estandart ) an Ensign for Horsmen in War , and is commonly taken for that of the King , or chief General . It is also used for the principal or standing measure of the King , to the scantling whereof , all the measures throughout the Land are , or ought to be framed , &c. Magna Charta , and confirmed 14 Edw 3. cap. 12. Of these Standards and Measures , read Britton cap. 30. Stannaries ( Stannaria ) the Mines and Works , touching the getting and purifying of Tin in Cornwal , and other places ; of which works , there are two sorts , ( viz. ) Lode-work and ●tream-work . See Cam. Brit. pag. 119. Stanza ( Ital. ) a Staff of Verses . As Spencers Books are divided into Canto's , and those again into Stanza's . Staple ( Fr. Estape ) a Mart or general Market , a publick Store-house in a Sea Town , or Town of Traffick , whither the Merchants of England , by common Order or commandment , did carry Wools , Woolfels , Cloaths , Lead , Tin , &c. ( which are the Staple Commodies of this Land ) for the utterance of them by the great . Staple Inn , near Holburn Bars , now one of the Inns of Chancery , was formerly an Inn or Hostel of the Merchants of the Staple , and from thence took name . Star Chamber a late Court at Westminster , voted down by Act. Starrulet ( a dim . of Star ) a little Star. Stasiarch ( Gr. ) an Arch-rebel , the head of a Sedition . Stater ( Lat. ) an antient coyn of severall sorts . The Corinthian Stater was worth 21 d. want a farthing . The Macedonian Stater was worth about two shillings nine pence half penny . The Golden Attick Stater weighed two drams , and therefore worth seventeen shillings six pence . But in Scripture it valued two Didrams ; for the tribute money to be paid for each person was Didrachmum . Mat. 17.24 . and a Stater was paid for two , namely , for Christ and St. Peter , the value of it therefore was 2 s. 6 d. Staticks ( Gr. ) the science of weights and measures ; a species of Mechanicks . Br. Station ( statio ) a standing place , a Bay or Rode for ships to rest in ; also a place of resort , abode or stay . Station-staff , is a strait Pole divided into feet , and inches used by Surveyors in measuring Land. Stationary ( stationarius ) appointed to keep ward in any place , that is in a Garison , setled , standing . Stationer ( so called of his station or standing shop to sell in ) is often confounded with Book-seller , and sometimes with Book-binder ; whereas they are three several Trades ; the Stationer sells Paper and Paper-Books , Ink , Wax , &c. The Book-seller deals onely in printed Books , ready bound ; and the Book-binder binds them , but sells not . Yet all three are of the Company of ●tationers . Stative ( stativus ) pitched or set , as a Fortress or pitched Camp ; also standing . Statuary ( statuarius ) a Stone-cutter , a Carver of Statues and Images . Statuminate ( statumino ) to prop up , to under-set , to make sure . Statute ( statutum ) signifies a Decree or Act of Parliament , &c. 2. It is a kind of Bond ; as Statute Merchant , and Statute Staple , An. 5. H. 4. cap. 12. The reason of which name is , because those Bonds are made according to the form of certain Statutes , which direct both before what persons and in what manner they ought to be made , West . par . 1. Symb. lib. 2. sect . 151.27 . Ed. 3. ca. 9. and 23 Hen. 8.6 . Statutes is also used in our vulgar talk , for the petit Sessions , which are yearly kept for the disposing of Servants in service , by the Statutes of 1 , and 5 Eliz. cap 4. Steccado ( Span Estacada ) a place railed in for a Combate or Lists . Steel-yard ; see Stil-yard . Stegan●graphy ( Gr. ) a description of the way or manner of covering Edifices . Stellar ( stellaris ) starry , pertaining to a star . Bac. Stellation ( stellatio ) a making star-like , or adorning with stars ; also a blasting . Stelled ( stellatus ) full of , or garnished with stars . Stelletto or Stiletto ( Ital. ) a little Ponyard , or the small and sharp pointed Dagger . Stelliferous ( stellifer ) that bears or has stars in it , starry . Stellion ( stellio ) the spotted or starry Lizard , so called ; also an envious fellow , or one that cannot endure another should be the better by him ; from the Stellion , which , having ( as he doth half yearly ) cast his skin ( a soverein remedy for the Falling-sickness ) presently devours it , to deprive mankind of it . Stellionate ( stellionatus ) a deceit , in dissembling a thing , to take profit by another unjustly , a counterfeiting of merchandize , a cousening or selling the same thing to several persons . Lo Bac. Stem ( stemma ) a Garland of flowers ; a Race of Kindred , the blood of a Gentile house . Stenegraphy ( stenegraphia ) the Art of Short-writing ; or a description of reducing any thing in a narrower compass . Stentor , a Grecian that had a voyce lowder then fifty men together . Hence we use Stentorian voyce , for a great , loud , roaring voyce . Stephen ( Gr. ) a Crown . Step-mother , so called , because she steps in instead of a Mother , by marrying the sons or daughters Father ; a Mother in Law. Stercorean or Stercorarious ( stercorarius ) belonging to dung or muck . Stercoration ( stercoratio ) a dunging or defiling with dung Sterile ( sterilis ) barren , fruitless , that cannot engender , without generation , yielding nothing . Sterility ( sterilitas ) barrenness ▪ unfruitfulness . Sterling , is the old term or Epitheton for money currant in this Nation ; which thus took denomination ; In the time of Richard the First , money coined in the East pa●t of Germany , began to be of special request in England for its purity , & was cal'd Easterling money , as the Inhabitants of those parts were called Easterlings ; shortly after some of that Country , skilful in Mint-matters and Allayes , were sent for hither to bring our coyn to perfection , which since that time was called from them , sterling , for Easterling ; Not from Sterling or Striveling in Scotland , nor from a star , or the bird Starling , which some dreamt to be stamped on it ; For in old Deeds , they are always called Nummi Esterlingi ; which implied as much as good and lawful money of England , or Proba Moneta , among the Civilians , and Monois de Roy in France . Cam. Rem . fol. 184. A Pound sterling is Twenty shillings in our Engli● money , an English penny was of old called a Sterling ; and in the composition of Measures made in Edward the Firsts time , we find , that Denarius Angliae , qui nominatur Sterlingus , rotundus , sine tonsura ponderabit 32 grana in medio spicae . Antiq Hibern . p. 133. Stern●mancy ( sternomantia ) divination by a mans breast . Sternutation ( sternutatio ) a sneezing . Sternu●atory ( sternutatorium medicamentum ) a medicine or powder that will cause sneezing , sneezing powder . St●rquilinious ( from ste●quilinium ) pertaining to a Dunghil , or Mixen . Stews , are those places , where women of professed incontinency , proffer their bodies to all commers ; from the Fr. Estuve , i. a Bathe or Hot-house ; because wantons are wont to prepare or rather to purge themselves for those venereous acts by often bathing and Hot-houses . And that this is not new , Homer shews in the eighth Book of his Odiss . where he reckons hot Bathes among the effeminate sort of pleasures . Of these Stewes see the Statute , An. 11. H. 6. ca. 1. Sticonoma●tic ( Gr. ) divination by words written on the bark of trees . Stigian ; see Stygian . Stigmatick Stigmatical ( stigmaticus ) that is marked with an hot iron , notably defamed for a naughty fellow . Stigmatize ( stigmatizo ) to mark with an hot iron , as we use to do Rogues , and notorious offenders at Goal deliveries . Stilletto ; see Stelletto . St●llatory ( stillatorius ) stilling , distilling , dropping ; Also substantively , a Still or Limbeck . S●illicide ( stillicidium ) the dropping of the Eaves of an house . Stillatitious ( stillatitius ) that drops or distils . Stillicidiou● , the same . Stil-yard or Steel-yard ( Guilda Teutonicorum , An. 32. H 8. c. 8. and An. 32. ejus . ca. 14. ) is a place near the Thames in London , where the Fraternity of the Easterling Merchants , or the Merchants of Hanse and Almain ( Ann. 1. Edw. 6. cap. 13. ) were wont to have their abode . It is so called of a broad Yard or Court , wherein Steel was much sold , upon which that house is founded ; see Hanse . The place is now onely famous for Rhenish wine , Neats-Tongues , &c. L. Herb. in Hen. 8. calls it the Stilly-art , but gives no reason for it . Stimulate ( stimulo ) to prick , move , incense , stir forward provoke . Stipation ( stipatio ) a bolstring or holding up on every side , a guarding about or en●ironing . Stipendial ( stipendialis ) belonging to wages or hire . Stipendary ( stipendarius ) that pays tribute , or takes wages . Stipendious ( stipendiosus ) that hath often been retained in wars , and served for wages . Stipone , a kind of sweet compound liquor , drunk in some places of London in the summer-time . Stiptical ( stipticus ) that stops , or binds ; restrictive . Stipticity ( stipticitas ) astringency , the quality or power of binding . Stipulate ( stipulor ) to require and demand a thing to be given him , or done for him with ordinary words of the Law , to require by , or make a● covenant , to promise effectually what he is required to do . Stipulation ( stipulatio ) a demanding the performance of covenants , a bargain or solemn promise . Stiricide ( stiricidium ) the dropping of a house with ice-sickles . Stirious ( from stiria ) pertaining to a drop of ice , or an Icesickle . Br. Stir●s ( Lat. ) the root , stem or stalk of a Tree , Plant or Herb ; a stock or kindred ; a race , issue , or nobleness of birth . Lo Bac. Stocada ( Span. estocada ) a stab , foin or thurst with a weapon . Stoicks ( Stoici ) a Sect of Philosophers at Athens , wherof of Zeno was the chief ; they held a wise man ought to be free from all passions , never to be moved either with Joy or Grief , and esteeming all things to be ordered by an inevitable necessity of Fate . They were called Stoicks , of the Gr. ( 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) i. a Porch ; because Zeno taught his followers in a common Porch of the City . Stoical , pertaining to such Philosphers ; severe . Stoicism , the Doctrine or Discipline of the Stoicks . Stole ( stola ) any Garment wherewith the body is covered , a Robe of honor . Among the antient Romans it was had in great reverence , and held as a Vest or Badge of chastity , hence that of Martial , lib. 1. Quis floralia vestit & Stolatum permittit meretricibus pudorem ! With the modern Romanists it is that part of the Priestly Ornaments , which being put over the neck , is afterwards set cross-wise over the breast with the ends hanging down on each side , and used in memory of the cord , by which our blessed Saviour was tied to the Pillar when he was whipt and scourged ; and signifies the light and sweet yoak of Christ , whereunto we are patiently and obediently to submit . The antient Spartan Soldiers did also wear a crimson Stole or Tippet about their necks , and a shield of brass . 1. ●art . Tr. Stolid ( stolidus ) fooling , fond , leud of condition , unadvised , dull , doltish . Stolidity ( stoliditas ) solly , unadvisedness , fondness . Stomachick ( stomachicus ) that is sick in the stomack , that cannot keep the meat it has taken . Stomach●sity ( stomachesitas ) anger , indignation , disdain . Stomatick ( stomaticus ) that hath a sore or swelling in the mouth . Stone of Wool , ought to weigh fourteen pounds , yet in some places by custom it is more or less as in Herefordshire 't is 12. in Glocestershire 15. and two Stone made a Tod of Wooll ; see Crompt . J of P. f. 83. b. See Sarplar . A stone of Beef is but eight pound in London , 12 in Herefordshire . Stonef●ulcon ( Lithofalcus ) from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. lapis ) so called from the stones and rocks where she eyres or builds her nest . Stook of Cor● ; see Thrave . Stooming of Wine , There is ( says Mr. Howel in his Letters ) a hard green wine that grows about Rochel , and the Islands thereabouts , which the cunning Hollander sometime useth to fetch , and he hath a trick to put a bag of hearbs or some other infusions into it ( as he doth brimstone in Rhenish ) to give it a whiter tincture , and more sweetness ; then they reimbark it for England , where it passeth for good Bachrag , and this is called Stooming of wine Stork ( Belg. ) a Bird famous for natural love towards his Parents , whom he feeds being old and impotent , as they fed him being young . The Egyptians so esteemed this Bird , that there was a great penalty laid upon him that should kill him . Stowing , is the laying any goods or victuals in order in the Hold of a Ship ; and at Land it is the laying Coals or other goods in a Warehouse , Cellar or other place ; And Stowage is the place it self , or the money that is paid for such place to lay goods in . Strabism ( strabismus ) the squintness in the eyes . Strage ( strages ) a slaughter , a discomfiture , a multitude of men slain ; also a beating , selling , or cutting down to the ground , properly of trees ; a great ruine and fall . Straight . See Streight . Strake of a Wheel , is the iron wherewith the wheel is bound , or the wood or hoop wherein the Spoaks are set ; because it makes a strake in the ground , as it goes . Min. Strand . See Strond . Strangury or Strangullion ( stranguria ) a disease , wherein one makes water by drops , very hardly , and with great pain . Strappado ( Ital. ) a punishment inflicted on Soldiers for some offence ; which is hanging them by the arms drawn backward , and being so bound they are drawn up on high , and let down again with a violent swing , which ( if used with rigor ) unjoynts their back and arms . Stratagem ( stratagema ) a policy , or witty shift in War. Stratagemical , done by stratagem , full of stratagems . Stratiotick ( stratioticus ) warlike , pertaining to War. Stratocracy ( Gr. ) military Government ; where a Commonwealth is governed by an Army or by Soldiers . Stratuminate ( stratumino ) to pave . Streight or Straight , is a narrow passage at Sea , between two lands ; As the Streight of Magellan , Gebraltar , &c. Stremeworks , is a kinde of work in the Stanneries ; Of these Mines and Tin-works ( says Cam. ) there are two kinds , the one called Lode-works , the other Stremeworks : This lyes in lower grounds , when by trenching they follow the veins of Tin ; that other is in higher places when they dig deep pits on the hills , which they call Shafts , &c. mentioned A. 27. H. 8. ca. 23. Strenuity ( strenuitus ) activity , valiantness , nimbleness , manhood , stoutness . Strenuous ( strenuus ) valiant , strong , stout , hardy , active . Streperous ( streperus ) hoarse or jarring . Strepitate ( strepito ) to make a noise often , to make a great noise , to rusle . Strictive ( strictivus ) gathered or cropped with the hand . Stricture ( strictura ) a spark that flies from a piece of iron red hot , when it is beaten ; also a gathering of fruit ; and sometimes a brief collection or sleight st●oak . Dr : Ham. Striden● ( stridens ) crashing or making a noise , creaking . S●rider ( Lat. ) a noise , a crashing , a shril noise , the creaking of a door . Stridulous ( stridulus ) that makes a crashing , or creaking noise . Dr. Br. Strigilate ( strigilo ) to curry a horse . Strigment ( strigmentum ) filth rubbed from ones body ; it may be used for a trussing point ; also a paring of Cucumbers , or like fruit . Strikle , Strikler or Stritchel , that wherewith the measurer of Corn or Grain strikes the filled measure , to make it even . Strematick ( from stroma ) belonging to strowings , or any thing spread on the ground , or under a thing . The Strematicks of Clemens Alexandrinus were a Miscellanie , or Books of several scattered subjects . Strand Strond or ( Sax. ) a Shoar or Bank ; Hence the Strand a street in the Suburbs of London , so called because it lyes by the River side . Strophes ( strophae ) wily deceits , subtilties in arguing ; conversions or turnings . Strumatick ) strumaticus ) that has the Impostume Struma , which is a Wen or swelling in the Neck and Arm-holes , wherein are as it were hard kernels closed in the skin , some take it to be the Kings-evil . Stultiloquy ( stultiloquium ) foolish speech , talk or babling . Stupefaction ( stupefactio ) an astonishment , an abashing , a making dull or senceless . Stupid ( stupidus ) dismaid , abashed , astonied , amazed , senceless . Stupor ( Lat. ) sudden privation , or lack of sence or feeling , benumming , unsensibleness , stupidity . Stupration ( stupratio ) a committing Adultery or Rape , a deflouring a Virgin. Stuprous ( stuprosus ) corrupt , naught , given to Adultery or Whordom , whorish . Stygia● ( stygius ) belonging to the River Styx , or Hell ; hellish , infernal , devillish . Sty●onovo and veteti . See Julian Accompt . Styptica● , See Stiptical . Styx , a Well in Arcadia , the water whereof is strong poison ; Poets call it the River of Hell ; the Gods were wont to sware by it , and what god soever swore by Styx falsly was banished Heaven , and prohibited Nectar for 1000 years . Suada , the goddess of Eloquence , or delectable speech , among the Romans . Suasible ( suasibilis ) that may be perswaded . Suasory ( suasorius ) belonging to exhorting or perswading . Suavation ( suavatio ) an amorous kissing , a sweet bussing . Suaviloquent ( suaviloquens ) that speaks sweetly , that hath a sweet sound or manner of speech . Suavity ( suavitas ) sweetness , pleasantness . Sub and Subter , two Prepositions signifying under or after , and often used in composition ; of which a few onely for example , referring the Reader for the rest to the simple words . Subaction ( subactio ) a driving or bringing under , a constraint or subduing . Subalbid ( subalbus ) somewhat white . Subalpine ( subalpinus ) under the Alps. Subaltern ( subalternus ) placed under another , or that which succeeds another by course . Subaquaneous ( subaquaneus ) that is or lyes under the water . Subcineritious ( subcineritius ) baked under the ashes . Subclav●an ( from sub and clavis ) pertaining to that which is under lock and key . Subcutaneous ( subcutaneus ) between the skin and the flesh . Subdial ( subdialis ) abroad in the Air , without the house , all open , wholly discovered . Sub-dio ( Lat. ) abroad in the Air , without cover . Subdititious ( subdititius ) that is not properly ones whose it is feigned to be , that is put or laid in the place or room of another . Subdolous ( subdolus ) that deceiveth craftily , full of deceits or wiles , deceitful . Subduct ( subduco ) to take , pluck or draw away , to remove , to pluck or draw back . Subduction ( subductio ) a reckoning or account , a deduction , or allowance ; a withdrawing , or bringing under . Subhastation ( subhastatio ) an out-cry , or portsale , or the selling things by out-rope , &c. so called because the old Romans used ( especially in time of war ) to hold their outcries of confiscated goods , sub hastam , under a Spear or Javelin . Subhumera●e ( from sub & humerus ) to undergo a burden . Subject ( subjectus ) one that is under another , a bringing or putting under ; a matter treated of . Also in Logick , that which supports qualities belonging to it ; as the body is the subject , in which is health or sickness , and the minde the subject that receives vertues or vices . Subitan●cus or Subitary ( subitancus ) hasty , sudden , without premeditation . Subjugate ( subjugo ) to bring under yoke , to make subject , to subdue . Sub-jugum , i. under the yoke . The Armenians and other Nations in antient time , were wont to force such enemies , as they had vanquished , to go in despight , under certain Spears pitched a cross , like a Gallows , and this they termed Sub jugum , and was held a great disgrace . Tacitus Annal. lib. 15. Subjunctive ( subjunctivus ) that under-sets or joyns underneath . Sublation ( sublatio ) a lifting up , a taking away Sublevate ( sublevo ) to lift or hold up ; also to help , aid , ease , lighten or lessen . Subligate ( subligo ) to under-bind , to under-tye , to tie or hang at . Sublimation ( sublimatio ) a lifting or raising up ; also a distillation or extraction ; a term in Chymistry . Sublimatum ( Lat. ) a strong corrosive powder , called white Mercury , used by Chyrurgeons to eat and consume corrupted flesh . It is made of Chalcantum , Quick-silver , Vinegre , and Sal armoniac . Sublimatory , an Instrument or Vessel of sublimation . Sublimity ( sublimitus ) height , highness . Sublition ( sublitio ) an annointing or dawbing underneath ; in Painting it is the ground colour , whereon the perfect colour is laid ; and is called Grasing . Submarine ( submarinus ) under the Sea. Bac. Submersion ( submersio ) a plunging or sinking in the water , a drowning . Subordinate ( subordinatus ) appointed or placed in order under another . Subor● ( suborno ) to make , prepare , instruct , foist , or bring in a false witness ; also to deprave , corrupt , or allure unto lewdness , to bribe . Subpedaneous ( subpedaneus ) belonging to a footstool , or any thing under foot . Subpaena , is a Writ that lies to call a man into the Chancery , to have equity upon such case only as the Common Law hath not provided for ; There is also a Subpaena ad testificandum , which lies for calling in witnesses to testifie in a Cause , as well in Chancery , as in other Courts ; And the name proceeds from words in the Writ , which charge the party called to appear at the day and place assigned , sub paena centum librarum , &c. But in case the party to appear , be a Lord of Parliament , or the Widow of such Lord , then is he or she called by the Lord Keeper or Lord Chancellors Letter , giving them notice of the suit intended against them , and desiring them to appear . Cromp. Juris . fol. 33. Subriguous ( subriguus ) moist , wet , and waterish underneath . Subsannate ( subsanno ) to scorn or mock with bending the Brows , or snuffing up the Nose . Subsecive ( subsecivus ) cut under or off , pared from the principal , borrowed or sepated from other affairs , done at times . Subservient ( subserviens ) serving , agreeing , helping forward . Subsidence ( subsidentia ) a resting or setling in the bottom , a sitting under ; a staying or hiding ones self . Subsidiary ( subsidiarius ) that is sent or given to the aid of another , succoring , assistant . Subsidy ( subsidium ) aid or assistance ; a tax or tribute assessed by Parliament , and granted by the Commons to be levied of every Subject , according to the value of his Land or Goods , most commonly after the rate of 4 s. in the pound for land ; and 2 s. 8 d. for goods , &c. Subsortition ( subsortitio ) a chusing by lots , after others have chosen , to fill up the number of those that before were refused . ●uet . Substitute ( substituo ) to ordain or appoint in place of another , to depute . Substitutive ( substitutivus ) that is appointed or ordained in place of another . Also a term in Logick , as Propositio substitutiva , a conditional Proposition . Substraction ( substractio ) a drawing out , of , or from , as a lesser number out of a greater . Substruction ( substructio ) an underpinning or ground-selling of a house ; a building or ground-work , the making , a foundation ; an under-filling ; A term in Architecture . Subsult ( subsulto ) to leap or hop under or about . Subsultation ( subsultatio ) a leaping or hopping under or about . Subsultory , that jumps or hops under . Bac. Subtegulaneous ( subtegulaneus ) that is under the eaves or roofs of houses . Subtense ( linea subtendens ) is a right line drawn from the one extreme of a given Arch to the other , called also a Chord , and is as the string is to a Bow , bent . A term in Geometry . Subterduction ( subterductio ) a private stealing or leading away . Subteruflous ( subterfluus ) which runs or flows under . Subterfuge ( subterfugium ) a private escape , a shift , a crafty evasion ; a corner or hole to slip into , or slink out at . Subterrany Subterraneous ( subterraneus ) that is under the ground . Subterranity ( subterranitas ) the being under ground . Subbentaneous ( subventaneus ) pertaining to the wind , windy ; under the wind . Suburbian ( from suburbia ) belonging to the Suburbs or out-streets and Parishes of a Town or City . Subuthicarian . See Vrbicarian . Subbulturian ( subvulturius ) resembling or like a vulture ; that lives by ravine , as those birds do . Suc ( succus ) juyce or moisture that a healthful body receives of meat ; also generally all kind of juyce , sirrop or broth ; vigor or strength . Succedaneous ( succedaneus ) that succeeds or comes in place of another . A Succedaneous Medicament , is that which is substituted instead of another , that is so rare it cannot be had , or so dear it cannot be purchased . Succentor ( Lat. ) he that singeth the Base . See Incentor . Our phrase , an old Sincantor , is either a corruption from this word ; or if it be written with a C , then t is from the Fr. Cinquante , which signifies fifty , and so may be taken for one that is fifty years of age or above . Act of Parl. 1649. ca. 24. mentions Succenter as one of those Officers abolished with Deans and Chapters . Succenturiate ( succenturio ) to fill up the number of the Band , for them that are dead or absent ; to recruit . Succiduous ( succiduus ) low , ready to fall , faltering . Succinct ( succinctus ) environed , fenced about ; girt , compassed ; also brief , short . Succineous ( succineus ) of or belonging to Amber . Succisive ( succisivus ) cut off , or pared from the principal , pared or separated from other affairs , done at times . Succubius ( Lat. ) a Devil that sometimes , in the shape of a woman , lies with men . See Incubus . Succulent ( succulentus ) sappy , moist , full of juyce , wel-liking , or in good plight . Succulency , juyciness , moisture . Bac. Succumbents ( succumbentes ) those that lye or fall down under , or that are not able to sustain ; antiently it signified those penitents or excommunicate persons that fell down on their knees and prayed in a certain place behind the Quire or Pulpit . Succussation ( succussatio ) a hard shaking or jolting , a violent jogging , the trotting of a horse . Dr. Br. Succussion . Idem . Suction ( suctio or succus ) a sucking . Bac. Sudation ( sudatio ) a sweating ; a taking pains . Sudatory ( sudatorius ) that belongs to sweating . A Sudatory ( sudatorium ) a Stew , a Hot-house , a place to sweat in . Sands . Sudorous ( from sudor , oris ) sweaty , or full of sweat . Sudorifick ( sudorificus ) that causeth sweat Bac. Suffarcinate ( suffarcino ) to truss or stuff up , to load or burthen . Suffarraneous ( suffaraneus ) that carries meal or flower to any place to sell ; also that is under a Servant . Suffection ( from sufficio ) a substitution or putting in place of another . Suffition ( suffitio ) a purfume , a fumigation , any thing that being laid or cast upon hot coals , makes a sweet smel . Sufflaminate ( sufflamino ) to skatch , scotch , or trig a wheel , lest it go forward or backward too fast . Sufflation ( sufflatio ) a blowing or puffing up . Suffocate ( suffoco , à faucibus ) to stop the breath , to strangle , to stifle , to choak , to kill . Suffocation ( suffocatio ) a strangling , choaking or stifling . See Lapidation . Suffossion ( suffossio ) a digging under , or undermining . Suffragan ( suffraganeus ) a Bishops Vicegerent , one that exerciseth the Function of a Bishop , but hath not the Title . The Statute 26. Hen. 8. cap 14. inables every Diocesan at his pleasure to elect two sufficient men , &c. Suffragation ( suffragatio ) a declaration of con●ent or favor , a giving ones voyce in election . Suffrage ( suffragium ) a good word , or favourable voyce in ones behalf , as at the time of chusing Mayors , Burgesses or the like ; a speaking in ones favor . Suffrages , in antient Rome were the voyces of the people given by Centuries , Curiae or Tribes , which went affirmatively under this form Vti rogas , i. be it according to your Bill : And negatively thus , Antiquo , i. I deny or reject it . Suffraginous ( suffraginosus ) that is diseased in the houghs or pasterns , that hath the Scratches or Spaven . Suffricate ( suffrico ) to rub off , or under . Suffumigate ( suffumigo ) to make a fume or smoak underneath . The smoak which is physically received from under a stool into the body , for the diseases of the Guts , Fundament or Matrix , is called Suffumigation . Cot. Suffusion ( suffusio ) a spreading abroad , a pouring upon . Suggestion ( suggestio ) a putting into ones minde , a prompting . Sugillation ( sugillatio ) the being black and blew with beating , the blood-shot of an eye ; also reproach , slander Suhit , See Gazul . Suicide ( from sui ) the slaying or murdering of himself ; self-murder . Suist ( from sui ) one that loves himself , a selfish man. Sulcate ( sulco ) to cast up in Furrows , to Till or Plow . Sulphureous ( sulphureus ) belonging to , mixed with , or of the colour of Sulphur or Brimstone . Sultan , in the Persian language , properly signifies an Earl. But Sultan or Soldan among the Turks , Persians , and Arabians is commonly taken for a King , Prince , or Sovereign . Also a Turkish Coyn of Gold worth about our Six shillings , six pence . Sultanin Sultana a Turkish coin of gold worth about Seven shillings six pence , or Seven shillings ten pence sterling ; It is so called because coyned at Constantinople , where the Sultan lives . Sumack , Sumake , or Sumaque , a kind of rank-smelling plant or shrub with black-Berries , wherwith Curriers dress their leather . Sumage , seems to be Toll for carriage on horse-back . Crompt . juris . fol. 191. for the book called Pupilla oculi , hath these words pro uno equo portante Summagium per dimidium anni , obulum . It is otherwise called a Seam ; and a Seam , in the Western parts is a horse load , which word Seam and Sumage may well come of the Fr. Somme , i. Sarcina , and Sommièr , equus sarcinarius , a Sumpter-horse . Summary ( summarium ) a brief gathering together , an abridgement containing t●e whole effect of a matter ●n few words , an Epitome . Summit or Summity ( summitas ) height or hig●ness , the top ; the either erd of a thing beneath or above . Summist or Summulst one that writes sums or brie●s upon any subject ; an abridger . Peripat . Instit . Sumpter-horse ( from sumptus ) a horse that carries the necessaries and expences for a journey . Sund or Sond ( Sax. ) a narrow passage at Sea , between two lands , a Streight . Sumptifie ( sumptifacio ) to make great expences or cost . Sunamite ( Heb. ) dormiens , one sleeping . A worthy good woman of Suna that often entertained Eliseus the Prophet , by whose prayers she had a Son , when by course of nature she was past hopes of any , and afterwards had the same Son raised from death to life by the same Eliseus , 4 Kings . Sunday was dedicated to the Idol of the Sun , by the old Pagan Saxons , and therefore called the Sun's day , or day of the Sun ; now dies Dominicus , or our Lords day . Superable ( superabilis ) that may be passed or overcome . Superannate Superannuate ( from the Ital. superannato ) to out wear with , to exceed in years , to grow old , or out of date , to live longer , to out-live . Bac. Superate ( supero ) to overcome , to exceed or excel . Superbifical ( superbificus ) that doth a thing proudly , that makes proud . Superbiloquence ( superbiloquentia ) arrogant speaking , proud , and haughty words . Supercilious ( superciliosus ) pertaining to the eye-brows , sowr in countenance ; also proud , squeamish . Superchety ( Fr. ) foul-play , an injury , wrong , affront , assault on a sudden , or upon great advantage . Tanslation of L' Home Criminelle . Supereminence ( supereminentia ) a Prerogative , authority or excellency above others . Supererogation ( supererogatio ) laying out more then one hath received , or the doing more then a man is of necessity bound to do , a giving over-plus . In Divinity , works of Supererogation are usually taken to be such , as are done upon a pious account ; and to which a man is not bound in particular by any positive precept of Gods Law. Supererogatory , that gives overplus , or does more then obligation , or that is apt to do so . Superferation ( superfaetatio ) the conceiving another after the first yong is conceived ; a second conceiving , or the breeding of young upon young . Superfici● ( superficiarius ) he that hath built an house upon another mans ground , and therefore pays Quit rent ; belonging to the outside of a thing . Superficies ( Lat. ) the uttermost part of any thing : the outside , the surface . In Geometry , it is the second kinde of quantity , to which are attributed two dimensions , length and breadth , but not thickness , and it is the term or end of a body , as a line is the end of a Superficies . Superficialize ( from superficies ) to do any thing on the outside , or not throughly . Superfluirance Superfluity ( superfluitas ) operplus , excess more then needs . Superiection ( superjectio ) a laying or casting upon . Superinduce ( superinduco ) to lay upon , to cover , to draw over . Lo. Bac. Superior ( Lat. ) one that is higher , above , or over others . Superlative ( superlativus ) highest in degree , preferred . Supermeate ( supermeo ) to go or slip over . Supernal ( supernus ) that which comes from above , high . Supernation ( supernatio ) a swiming upon , over , or aloft . Supernatural ( supernaturalis ) which is above Nature , or the ordinary course of it . Supersaliency ( from super and salio ) a leaping or jumping upon . Br. Supersedeas ( from supersedeo , i. to omit , leave off or cease ) is a Writ which lies in divers cases , and signifies a command or request to stay or forbear the doing of that , which in appearance of Law were to be done , were it not for the cause whereupon this Writ is granted ; for example , a man regularly is to have Surety of Peace against him , of whom he will swear he is afraid , and the Justice required hereunto cannot deny him ; yet if the party be formerly bound to the Peace , either in Chancery , or elswhere , this Writ lieth to stay the Justice from doing that which otherwise he might not deny . This word is also used in our common discourse to like purpose , as when one is commanded or requested to omit the doing that which he had former order , or ought to have done , We say the former order or command is superseded . Supersession ( supersessio ) a surceasing , a leaving off , or giving over . Superstition ( superstitio , from super and sto . ) an excess of ceremonious Worship , vain Religion or Devotion ; the worship of Demons ; an honoring that which should not be honored , a vain reverence or fear towards that thing , wherein is no efficacy or force but onely by illusion ; spiced conscience in vain things . St. Thomas Aquinas mentions four kinds of Superstition . 2 da. 2 dae . qu. 92. Art. 1. and Art. 2. in Corp. Supervacaneous or Supervacuous ( supervacaneus vel supervacuus ) needless , vain superfluous , not necessary , unprofitable ; also that which is set aside , above ordinary use , against some future occasion . Supervene ( supervenio ) to come unlooked for , to come upon or after another thing ; to leap upon , as the Male doth the Female . Supervive ( supervivo ) to recover from peril of death , or when a man seems to be dead ; to out-live , or live longer then another thing . Supine ( supinus ) upright , upward , the belly upward ; also negligent and careless . Supinity ( supinitas ) a bending backward , a lying with the belly upward , negligence , idleness . Suppedaneous ( suppedaneus ) belonging to a foot-stool , or any thing that is set under the feet . Suppeditate ( suppedito ) signifies properly to relieve the skirmishers with footmen , to supply or second with foot forces . Metaphorically , to give or minister sufficiently , to supply or furnish what is wanting ; also to subdue or overcome . Suppellecticarious ( suppellecticarius ) that pertains to houshold-stuff . Suppilation ( suppilatio ) a stealing or pilfering . Supplant ( supplanto , à planta pedis ) to put under the foot , to trip with the foot ; also to overthrow , to deceive . Supplant ( supplanto , à sub & planto ) to plant underneath , to under-plant and set up a thing , bending to the ground . Supplement ( supplementum ) that supplies or makes up what is wanting in quantity or number , a supply ; a filling up the number and places of . Suppliant ( Fr. ) he that intreats humbly , or makes supplication , an humble suiter ; also used adjectively . Supplicate ( supplico ) to beseech or intreat humbly , to make humble request . Supplice ( supplcium ) punishment , correction , pain , torment ; it is also used for Prayer or Supplication , and sometimes for Sacrifice . Supplosion ( Supplosio ) a stamp or noise with the feet . Supposititi●us . See Subdititious . Suppository ( suppositorium ) any thing put up into the fundament , to make the body soluble , it is commonly made of honey boiled , til it grow thick , and so made into an apt form for that purpose , whereto somtime is added the Yolk of an Egg , or Salt , when we would have it work the effect more speedily . It may be used adjectively , for , put , or set under . Supposted ( suppostus ) put or set under , put in place of another ; suborned , underset . Suppuration ( suppuratio ) a mattaring , a gathering of a Bile or Impostume into a Mattary-head , a resolving into Mattar . Suppurare ( says Min. ) is sub pelle pus agere : Quia tunc efficiendum est , ut materies apostematis in pus convertatur . Supputation ( supputatio ) a pruyning or cutting Trees ; a counting or reckoning . Supremacy , the being of highest power or authority . Supremity ( supremitas ) the estate of men after death , the last or highest action of any thing . Surannation ( Fr. ) a growing old , stale or above a years date , a Commission or Command not executed within the year and day Surbating ( Fr. Surbatture ) a beating under ; as when the Soles of the Feet , after a great journey on foot , are much beaten and sore . Surcharge ( Fr. ) a new charg , a charge upon a charge , or burden upon burden . Surcharge of the Forest is the commoning with more Beasts therein , then one hath right to . Surcle ( surculus ) a young Set or Slip , a young Graff , a Scion , a Shoot , a young Branch or Twig . Surcoat ( Fr. Surcot ) an upper garment worn over another ; a Coat of Arms to wear over Armor . Surcrew ( Fr. surcroist ) a Surplusage , over-measure , vantage , amends ; also an overgrowing . Surculate ( surculo ) to cut off shoots or sprigs from trees ; to prune trees . Surculous ( surculosus ) full of shoots or sprigs . Surd ( surdus ) deaf ; also he that speaks not ; insensible . Surdity ( surditas ) deafness ; also muteness . Surge ( from surgo ) a wave . Surplusage ( Fr. Surplus ) signifies in our Common Law superfluity or addition more then needs , which sometimes is a cause that the writ abates . Brook tit . Nugation and Superfluity fol. 100. Plowden casu Dive and Maningham f. 93. b. It is also sometimes applied to matter of account , and signifies a greater disbursment then the charge of the Accomptant amounts to . Surprizal ( Fr. surprinse ) a sudden taking , an assaulting or coming upon a man before he is aware ; a taking tardy , or finding in the manner . Surrejoynder , is a second defence of the Plaintiffs action , opposite to the Defendants Rejoynder ; And therefore Hotoman calls it Triplicationem , quae est secunda actoris defensio , contra rei duplicationem opposita ; Nor doth Hotaman onely call this Triplicationem , but the Emperor himself , de Replicationibus lib. 4. Instit . Titulo 14. Surrender ( sursum i redditio ) is an instrument , testifying with apt words , that the particular Tenant of Lands or Tenements for life or years , doth sufficiently consent and agree , that he who hath the next or immediate Remainder or Reversion thereof shall also have the particular estate of the same in possession , and that he yields up the same unto him ; For every Surrender ought forthwith to give a possession of the things surrendred , West . part . 1 lib. 2. sect . 503. where you may read divers Presidents . But there may be a Surrender without writing ; And therefore there is said to be a Surrender in Deed and a Surrender in Law ; Surrender in Deed is that , which is really and sensibly performed ; Surrender in Law is intendment of Law , by way of consequent and not actual . Perkins Surrender fol. 606. and Seq . As if a man have a Lease of a Farm , and during the term he accept a new Lease , this Act is in Law a Surrender of the former . Coke vol. 6. fol 11. b. Surreptitious ( surreptitius ) stoln , or done by stealth , falsely come by , that no man knows of . Surrogate ( surrogo ) to put in place of another , to make ● Deputy , to appoint or put in ones room , to substitute or subrogate . A Surrogate is one substituted to supply the room of mother , most commonly , of a Bishop . Sursengle ( Fr. Sursangle ) a long upper girth . Survivor ( from the Fr. Survivre ) one that survives , over-lives or out-lives another . In Law it is taken for the longer liver of two Joyntenants , or of any two joyned in the right of any thing . Susan ( Hebr. ) Lilly or Rose . Suzan in the Persian tongue , signifies a Needle . Susception ( susceptio ) an enterprize , a taking a thing in hand , an undertaking . Susceptor ( Lat. ) an undertaker . Mr Fuller uses it for a Godfather at Baptism . Suscitation ( suscitatio ) an often stirring up , a taking up , a taking one out of his sleep , a raising up ; a quickening . Suspend ( suspendo ) to hang up or upon ; Also to delay , to defer ; to stay or pause ; to keep one in suspence and doubt . Suspension ( suspensio ) a hanging up ; also doubt , incertainty of minde . It is used for a temporal stop of a mans right , and differs from Extinguishment in this , that a right of estate suspended , revives again , but extinguished , dies for ever . Brook tit . Extinguishment , and Suspension . f. 314. Supension is also sometimes used in our Common , as it is in the Cannon Law , pro minori Excommunicatione . An. 24. H. 8. c. 12. Suspensories ( from suspensio , or from the Fr. suspensoires ) certain cords or strings ( hanging from the Bed-stead ) for a sick man to take hold of , and bear himself up with , when he would remove or alter his lying . Suspiral ( Fr. Souspiral ) a passage for air or breath to come in and go out at ; a bent or breathing hole ; hence the Tunnel of a Chimney , the Window of a Seller , the Mouth of a Cave or Den. In the Statute of 35 H. 8. cap. 10. is seems to be taken for a Spring of water , passing under the ground , towards a Conduit or Cestern . Suspiration ( suspiratio ) a sighing , an earnest desiring , a sighing after or for one . Susurrate ( susurro ) to whisper , to mutter , to carry tales . Suitler Sutler ( from the Dutch Soeteler , i. a Kitchin Slave , a Huckster ) one that follows an Army , and sells meat or other provision in it . Sutor ( Lat. ) a Shoomaker , a Sewer . Sutorious ( sutorius ) belonging to a Shoomaker , or Sewer . Suture ( sutura ) a seam , a fastning or joyning together ; the line under the yard of a man ; also a joyning together of bones in the head , much like a thing drawn together with long stitches , &c. Swainmot or Swantmote ( from the Saxon Swain i. , a Free-holder , and Mot or Gemot , conventus ) is a Court of Free-holders within the Forest , kept by the Charter of the Forest thrice in the year . An. 3. H. 8. cap 18. Swallows Tail , in building , signifies a fastning two pieces of Timber so strongly together , that they cannot fall asunder ; and is so called from the resemblance it hath with a Swallows Tail , being forked . Swarthy ( from the Belg. Swart or Swe rt , i. black ) blackish , of a dark tawney ; Sun-burnt . Swart or Swert-Ruyter ( Belg. ) a black Horse-man with black Arms. Hexham . Swepe or Swipe ( telo ) was an instrument of war ; like that which Brewers use with cross beams to draw water . Tho. Est genus machinae ( ut ait Festus ) quo hauritur aqua , in alteram partem praegravante pondere . Swepe , in some part of England , is taken for the crop of hay that is got in a meadow . Swil-po●gh . See Dilling . Swinuer ( from the Sax. Swine i. . labor ) a laborer . Swithin ( Sax. ) from the old English Switheahn , that is , very high , as Celsus or Exuporius with the Romans . This name hath been taken up in honor of St Swithin , the holy Bishop of Winchester , about the year 860 , and called the weeping St Swithin , for that about his Feast Praesepe and Aselli , rainy Constellations , arise cosmically , and commonly cause rain . Cam. Sword-sleip●r ( Sax. ) a dresser or maker of Swords . So used in the North of England ; And a Cutler with them deals onely in knives . Sybarites ( Sybaritae ) people of the City Sybaris , in sensual delights passing all other ; hence . Sybaritical ( sybariticus ) dainty , wanton , sumptuous , effiminate . Sybil ( sybilla ) a name of all women that had the spirit of Prophecy ; there were ten famous , the first was called Persica , 2. Lybica , 3. Delphica , 4. Cumaea , 5. Erythraea , 6. Samia , 7. Cumana , 8. Hellespontica , 9. Phrygia , 10. Tiburtina . They all prophesied of Christs Incarnation . But the certain number of them is not agreed on among Authors , some making more , others fewer ; whereof read Vulgar Errors , pag. 150. Sybillianists , Christians so called by the Pagans in the Primitive times , because they believed and esteemed the Prophecies of the Sybils , touching Christ . Sybilline ( Sibillinus ) belonging to a Sybil or Prophe●ess . Sy●manty ( Gr. ) Divination by Fig , or Sycamore Leaves . Sycamore ( Sycamorus ) a Tree like a Fig-tree , having great branches , and large leaves like a Mulberry ; it bears fruit three or four times in a year , much like a wilde Fig , but without any Seeds within . The fruit grows upon the very body of the Tree and the great main boughs , and will never be ripe , except it be scraped with an iron tool . It is found plentifully in Caria , Egypt , and the Isle of Rhodes , especially in such places were Wheat will not grow . Sycophant ( sycophanta ) a tale-bearer , a false accuser , a Deceiver , Parasite , Smell-seast . The name arose upon this occasion ; There was an Act in Athens , that none should transport Figs out of the Territory Attica ; such as gave information of those that , contrary to this Law , conveyed Figs into other parts , were termed Sycophants , from Sycon , which in Greek is a Fig. Sycophantize ( sycophantisso ) to play the Sycophant , to slander or accuse falsly , to deal deceitfully . Syderation ( syderatio ) blasting of Trees with great heat and drouth , tree-plague ; also a sudden taking or benumming of a Limb. Syderosous ( syderosus ) Planet-strucken ; also full of Stars . Syllabical ( syllabicus ) pertaining to or consisting of syllables . Syllabize , to divide by syllables , or to make a Table , or Index to a Book . Syllabary ( from syllaba ) a Book treating of syllables , or teaching the use or knowledge of syllables ; also as Syllabus . Syllabus ( Lat. ) a Table or Index in a Book , to shew places or matter by Letters or Figures ; also an Argument subtilly reproving . Syllogism ( syllogisirus ) a most perfect kinde of Argument , which gathers a necessary conclusion out of two premisses ; as thus , 2. Every vice is odious . 2. Drunkenness is a vice . 3. Ergo , Drunkenness is odious . The first part of a Syllogism is called the Proposition or Major ; the second , the Assumption or Minor ; and the third , the Conclusion . Syllogystical ( syllogisticus ) pertaining to a Syllogism . Syllogize ( syllogizo ) to reason or argue by Syllogisms . Sylvanus , the God of the Woods . Sylvatical ( sylvaticus ) belonging to Woods , or Trees , woody . Sylvestrick Sylv●strious ( sylvestris ) of Wood or Forest , full of Trees or Wood , woody . Sylvi●erous ( sylviger ) that beareth wood . Symbole ( symbola ) a token , badge , or sign to know one by , a secret and mystical note ; a short and intricate riddle or sentence ; also an uniform concurrence of divers opinions ; also the sum of our belief , the Creed . Many frauds you shall read in Plautus , plotted and acted by counterfeiting , and slie conveyance of these Symbols or tokens , wherein there was ever some image or other . So the Symbol of Amphytrion in that Tragicomedy was Sol cum quadrigis , the Sun in his Chariot drawn with four horses . Pyrgopolinices the bragging Soldier , had his own lovely self with great decorum drawn in his Signet for a Symbol . To Symbolize ( from symbola ) to sympathize , to concur in opinion , ump in Councils , agree in humors or manners with ; also to joyn purses , or pay rateably towards any charge , to club . Also by certain outward signs to signifie some hidden thing ; thus an eye symbolizeth vigilancy . Fire and Air are called Symbolizing Elements , so are Earth and Water ; because they share and participate of each others quality . Symbolical ( symbolicus ) of or pertaining to a Symbol , or token . Symbolical Philosophy , is that kinde of Learning and Wisdom , which , knowing the causes and proprieties of things natural and supernatural , teach us how to make or expound those mystical and artificial bodies called Symboles , of what kind soever . Symbolography ( Gr. ) a description of Symboles , a writing or expression of things by signs and tokens ; also the art or description of Instruments or Presidents . Symmachy ( symmachia ) aid in war , league among men of divers Countries to joyn in war against one Symmetry ( symmetria ) due proportion of each thing to other , in respect of the whole . The convenience that runs between the parts , and the whole . Symmetrist or Symmetrian ( from Symmetria ) one that considers the due proportion of a thing , and how well the parts agree with the whole ; one skilled in proportions . Symmist ( symmista ) one of the privy Council , a Secretary ; a fellow or colleague in a ( sacred ) profession . Sympathetical ( sympatheticus ) agreeing well together , in nature , disposition , or passions . Sympathy ( sympathia ) natural consent or combination , mutual passion , affection or disposition , fellow-feeling , symbolizing ; as water in coldness , participates or sympathizes with the Earth ; in moistness with the Air. Resemblance of quality , concordance of natures and things . Sympathize ( sympathizo ) to have a fellow-feeling of , to ●ump with in passion , consent with in affection , agree with in disposition . Symphony ( symphonia ) consent in tune or time , a tuneable singing without jarring , harmony . Symphoniacal ( symphoniacus ) of or belonging to consent or harmony . Symphonist ( symphonista ) a Chorister , one that sings with true tune and time . Symposiast ( symposiastes ) the Master or overseer of a Feast , a Feast-maker . Symposiaques , Books treating of Feasts and Banquets , such are those of Plutarch so called . Symptome ( symptoma ) an effect , accident or passion , following a disease , or sensible grief joyned with it ; as headache with an Ague ; a pricking in the side with a Plurisie : generally whatever happens in a living Creature against or besides nature , as sickness and the inward causes and accidents thereof . Symptomatical ( from symptoma , atis ) of or pertaining to a Symptome . Synelaepha ( Gr. ) a contraction of two vowels into one . Synagogue ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to gather together ) commonly taken for a house ( among the Jews ) dedicated to the worship of God , wherein it was lawful to pray , preach , and dispute , but not to sacrifice . In Hebrew it was called Beth Harneseth , the house of Assembly . The Temple of Hierusalem was as the Cathedral Church ; the Synagogues , as petty Parish Churches belonging thereto . Synagogical ( synagogicus ) pertaining to a Synagogue . Synaxis ( Gr. ) the holy Communion , the Eucharist . Syncategorematical , a term in Logick , signifying what hath no predicamental or self-signification , but being added to another , qualifies that differently from what it was . As on the contrary Categorematical imports what has a predicamental or self-signification . Syncentrick ( Gr. ) that has the same centre with another . Syncopize Syncopate ( syncopo ) to cut away , to contract ; also to swoune . Syncrism ( syncrisma ) a liquid Medicine , a thin and spreading ointment . Synchronical ( ejusdem temporis ) contemporary . Charl. Synchronism ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. cum ; & 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tempus ) the being or hapning of two things at one , and the same time , contemporanianism , co-existence . Sir W. Ra. Syncretism ( Gr. ) the joyning or agreement of two enemies against a third person . Syndic ( syndicus ) a censor or controller of manners ; an Advocate , Agent or Attorney for a Commonwealth , or for the Commonalty of a City or Country , one that hath the charge or Commission to deal in affairs of the Common-wealth with a forein Prince . The Government of Geneva is by a Common Council , consisting of Two hundred , the four chief whereof are called Sindiques . There are also Syndicks at Naples , Dantzick , and other places . Syndicable ( from syndic ) subject unto examination , censure , or controlment . Syndicat , the Office or degree of a Syndick . Syndrome ( Gr. ) running together , or a running of many to the same place ; a concourse . Dr. Br. Synecdachical , pertaining to the figure Synecdoche ; that is , when a part is understood by the whole , or the whole by a part . B. Derry . Synedrion ; see Sanhedrim . Synerize ( from syneresis ) to contract two into one ; as when we contract two Vowels into a Dipthong . Syngraph ( syngrapha ) a Writing or Deed , made or signed with the hand of him that makes a bargain ; an Obligation or Bond betwixt two or more ; a Specialty of ones own hand . Tho. Synod ( synodus ) a meeting or Assembly of Ecclesiastical persons , for the cause of Religion . Of this there are four kinds : As first , a General Oecumenical or Vniversal Synod or Council , and that is , where Bishops , &c. of all Nations meet . Secondly , National Synod , where those of one onely Nation meet . Thirdly , Provincial Synod , where Ecclesiastical persons of one onely Province meet . Fourthly , Diocesan Synod , where those of but one Diocess meet . See Convocation . Synodal Synodical ( Synodicus ) pertaining to a Synod , or Assembly of Divines . Synonima's ( synonima ) words of one and the same signification , which is to be understood both of Appellatives and proper names ; as Ensis mucro , gladius , all Latin for a Sword ; and Publius , Cornelius , Scipio , Africanus , all one mans name . So , stout , hardy , valiant , doubty , couragious , adventurous , all comprehended under the Latin word ( fortis ) . Synonimize , to vary the word , but keep the same signification , to use Synonima's , to make two words bear one sence . Synonimous Synonimal pertaining to words of the same signification , or whose name and definition are common . Synoper ( synopsis ) Red Lead . See Cinnaber . Synopic ( Gr. ) Green in Blazon . Synopsy ( synopsis ) an Inventory , a short view , or brief recital of any thing . Syntagm ( syntagma ) a Treatise , Ordinance , or Constitution ; a placing things together . Syntax ( syntaxis ) the construction and coherence of words and parts of Speech by concord and agreement ; a volume gathered of divers works ; also a Tribute , or sum of money to be distributed to many . Syntectical ( syntecticus ) that sounds often , that is weak or brought low . Synteresy ( synteresis ) the pure part of conscience ; or a natural quality engraffed in the soul ; which inwardly informs a man , whether he do well or ill . Syntheme ( synthema ) a token given to Soldiers , when they are ready to fight , a watch word ; also a riddle or intricate sentence . Synthetical , pertaining to the figure Synthesis , which is when a noun collective singular is joyned with a verb plural . Syntomy ( syntomia ) a cutting away , brevity , conciseness Syren ; see Siren. Syrtes ( omnibus linguis ) a sandy place in the utmost parts of Affrica , where the sands so move with the waves , that that which was now deep sea is streight-way full of Quick-sands ; and is usually taken for any Quick-sand or shelf in the water . Sysigte ( sysigia ) a conjunction of the Moon with the Sun , the new Moon . Systatique ( Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ) that hath the force or power of compacting , building , or putting together . Bac. Systeme ( systema ) the compass of a song , or ( by a metaphor ) of any other thing ; the body of any Art or Science , comprehended in one Treatise Systole ( Gr. ) the motion or lifting up of the heart or Arteries ; also the shortning of a long vowel . T. TAbaco ; see Tobacco . Tabefy ( tabefacio ) to corrupt , consume or melt . Tabellary ( tabellarius ) a carrier of letters ; an Auditor , a Scrivener . Tabellarions ( tabellarius , a , um ) belonging to Carriers or Auditors . Tabellion ( tabellio ) a Notary publick , or Scrivener , allowed by authority to ingross and register private contracts and obligations ; His Office in some countrys did formerly differ from that of Notarie , but now they are grown or made one ; see Notary . Taberd or Tabard ( Sax. ) a Jacket , Jerkin , Mandilion , or sleeveless Coat ; a chymere Verstegan says , it was antient●y a short Gown that reached no further then the midleg ; Stow in his Survey , p. 456. says , 't was a Jacket or sleeveless Coat , whole before , open on both sides , with a square Collar winged at the shoulders . It is now the name onely of an Heralds Coat , and is called their Coat of Arms in Service . It is also the sign of an antient Inn in Southwark . Tabernacle ( tabernaculum ) a Pavillion or Tent for War ; a little Shop , Shed , or Booth , made of bords or boughs . The Tabernacle of God you may read described , Exod. 26. It was made like a Tent to remove to and fro as occasion required , it had in it one room called Sanctum Sanctorum , wherein the high Priest entered but once a year , and another room called the Holy place , &c. Heb 9.2 , 3 , 4. There was of old among the Israelites , a feast commanded by God , called the feast of Tabernacles , which began on the 15. day of the Seventh moneth , and continued seven days , during which time the Israelties lived abroad in Tabernacles , in remembrance ●hat their Fathers a long time so lived , after God had delivered them out of the Land of Egypt . Now the feast of Tabernacles drew near , Lev. 23.34 . Tabernarious ( tabernarius ) belonging to Shops or Taverns . Tabid ( tabidus ) corrupted , consuming , pining away . Tabifical ( tabificus ) that brings into consumption , pyning or rotting away ; contagious , corrupt , poysonous . Tabuha ( Heb. ) Roe-Buck ; a womans name . Laws of the 12 Tables ( leges 12 tabularum ) were certain Grecian Laws brought for the most part from Athens by the decemviri unto Rome , and there written in 12. Tables of brass , and set up in the Market place ; by which Laws Justice was ever after administred to the Roman people . Excellency of the Civil Law. p. 134. See Decemvirate . Table of Apelles , was a picture drawn by Apelles , that famous Painter , the moral whereof was on the one side to represent the excellency of abstinence , and sobriety in the life of man ; and on the other , the deformity of drunkenness and gluttony , &c. you may read the story at length in part 1. Tr. of times , fol. 609. Tabouret ( Fr. ) a Pincase ; also a little low stool for a child to sit on . In France the privilege of the Tabouret , is of a stool for some particular great Ladies to sit in the Queens presence . Tabular ( tabularis ) whereof boards , plancks , or tables may be made , long and large . Tabulary ( tabularium ) a chest or place wherein Registers , or Evidences are kept in a City ; the Chancery or Exchequer Office. Tabularious ( tabularius ) pertaining to writings or accounts ; also belonging to tables , or good for them . Tabulate ( tabulo ) to board a floor or other place , to make a thing of boards . Taces , armour for the thighs ; so called because they are tached or tacked on with straps of leather to the corslet . Tachygraphy ( Gr. ) the art or description of swift writing . Taciturnity ( taciturnitas ) silence , secresie of tongue , keeping of counsel . Taci●e ( tacitus ) that holds his peace , and is still ; quiet , saying nothing , without noise . Tacticks ( tactici ) they whose office is to set an Army in array ; also books treating of that subject . Taction ( tactio ) a touching . Tagliacotian Nose ( an inhabitant of Bruxiels had his Nose cut off in a combate , and a new one of another mans flesh set on in its sted , by Tagliacotius , a famous Chyrurgeon of Bononia ) a Nose of wax . Dr. Charl. Tagus a River in Spain , parting Castile from Portugal , where hath been found gravel like gold . T●le ( from the Fr. Taille , i. a cut or cutting ) signifies in our Common Law , a kind of inheritance in Fee , as when a man holds lands to him , and the Heirs of his body lawfully begotten . This Tail is different , and as it were cut from Fee-simple or free inheritance , because it is not in the Tenants free power to dispose of those lands , being as it were Taille , cut from him , or divided by the first giver , and entailed or tyed on his issue , &c. Tail is either general or special , whereof you may read at large in Littleton Tailes . Kentish men are said to have tails , which thus took its origen ; St. Thomas of Canterbury being in disfavor with Hen. 2. rode from the Court towards Canterbury upon a poor Jade , and some common people , the more to vilifie him , cut off his horse tail , for which crime the successors of those people are said to have had tails , as a judgment from heaven for some generations , now long since ceased ; And from hence the French do in derision call us in general Caudaté . Tailage or Taliage ( from the Fr. taille ) a tax , tribute , or imposition . Hence also Tailagiers in Chaucer , for tax or toll-gatherers . Tainct , a kinde of red-coloured Spider , found in the summer-time ; It is so little of body that ten of the largest will hardly outweigh a grain ; this by Country people is accounted a deadly poison to Cows and Horses : But see Vul. Err. p. 177. Talaries ( talaria ) shooes with wings , which Mercury wore , as Poets feign . Talassion ( talassio ) a song used to be sung at marriages ; see Thalassio . Talent ( talentum ) a value of money , of divers sorts ; Among the Greeks there were two Talents , the greater and the less ; the greater valued about 233 l. sterl . the less about 175 l. Among the Hebrews the Talent of silver contained of ours 375 l. The Talent of Gold was 4500 l. It also signifies a faculty or aability ; as we say a man of good talents , i. of good parts or abilities . Tales de Circumstantibus ; see Circumstantibus . Taley or tally , from the Fr. taille ▪ i. cut or slit ; because a taley is a score made of a stick of wood slit in two pieces , to keep account between two parties ; one part of it remaining in the custody of the one , and the other of the other , so that one cannot score up any thing without the other . Talion , or lex talionis , a Law where each suffered what they had done to others , eye for eye , one bad turn for another , Deut. 19.21 . and Aul. Gell. lib. 11. ca. 1. Talismans ( Arab. ) images , or figures made under certain constellations ; Magical Characters ; see Gaffarels curiosities , p. 147. for their antiquity and use ; see Gamahes . Talismanical belonging to such Images . Tallage ; see Taliage . Talmud or Thalmud ( from the Hebr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 talmid , .i disciplina ) a superstitious and blasphemous Book containing the body of the Jewish Law , composed by their Rabbins , and of great authority among them . Talmudical , pertaining to the Talmud , superstitious . Talmudist , a Student or Professor of the superstitions contained in the Talmud . Talpicide ( talpicida ) the taking or killing Moles or Woants . Talwood , Ann. 33. & 35. H. 8. ca. 3. & A. 7 Ed. 6. ca. 7. & 42 Eliz. ca. 14. Talshide , ibid. It is a long kinde of shide of wood , riven out of the tree , which shortned , is made into Billets . Tamarinds ( tamarindi ) a fruit brought hither out of India like green Damascens , the tree whereof is like a Date tree , they are cold of operation , and therefore good against burning Feavers , and all inward diseases proceeding of heat and choler . Tamarisk ( tamarice ) a shrub , whereof there are two kinds , the greater , which bears fruit like the lesser oak apples , or galls , the less bearing gayish leaves without fruit ; The decoction of which lesser Tamarisk , in wine and a little vinegar being drunk , i● of great vertue against the lardness or stopping of the spleen or Milt . Tamburine , an old kind of instrument , which by some is supposed to be the Clarion-Spencer . Tampeon or Tampkin ( Fr. Tampon ) a bung or stopple . It is a small piece of wood , turn'd fit for the mouth of any piece of Ordnance , to keep out rain or sea-water . Tampoy , a curious sort of drink in the Moluccoes and Philippines made of a kind of Gilliflowers . Mr. How. Tanacles ( from the Ital. Tanaglie ) Tonges or Pincers for tortures . A Tangent , Is a right line perpendicular to the Diameter , drawn by the one extreme of a given Ark , and terminated by the Secant , drawn from the Centre through the other extreme of the said Ark. Tangible ( tangibilis ) which may be touched , touchable . Tanistry ( à thanis , viris a●ud Saxones honoratis ) a cer●ain Law or custom in Ireland , which did not observe the he●editary right of succession a●ong Princes and great persons , but he that had most power , was eldest of the house and was most worthy of blood and name , did inherit . Antiq. Hib. p. 38. Tantalize , Poets feign Tantalus , King of Phrygia , to have been the son of Jupiter , and the Nymph Plota , and that he received the gods to a banquet , and sod his own son Pelops , and gave them him to eat ; Ceres only did eat of the shoulder , the rest forbearing that meat , yet Pelops was restored to life and received an ivory shoulder for his own ; and for that Tantalus discovered the secrets of the gods to men ; therefore is he said to be tormented in hell thus ; He stands up to the chin in a pleasant River , and a tree of fair fruit hanging over him , and yet is he always plagued with hunger and thirst , for when he either stoops down to drink , or reaches out his hand to take an apple , they both so retire that he cannot touch the one or taste the other , therefore he may be called Tantalus , quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. infelicissimus . Hence to be tantalized , is to be in the condition of Tantalus , to be near unto , or in sight of some happiness or wished thing , and yet not to be permitted to enjoy it . Tapinage ( Fr. ) secrecy , a lurking or lying close . Tapissant ( Fr. ) lurking , lying , squatting , a term of hunting , called shortly , Tapis . Tara-tantara , or Tarantara ( from the Brittish Tara● , i. thunder , or from taro and taraw , i. to strike , and so may signifie as much as percutiens , percute ) it is a word of encouragement to battel which Trumpets do ( as near as they can ) imitate . Tarantarize ( tarantarizo ) to sound a Trumpet , to sing or sound tara-tantara . Tarantula ( Lat. ) a most venemous Spider , so called , of Tarentum , a Neapolitan City , where they most abound ; some take it to be a flie , whose sting is deadly ; yet curable by divers sounds of Musick . See more of this in Sands Travels , fol. 249. Tardigrade ( tardigradus ) that goeth slow , or hath a slow pace . Tardiloquent ( tardiloquus ) that speaks slowly , or draws his speech out at length . Tardity ( tarditas ) slowness , slackness , hindering or delaying . Tar-pawling or Tarpauli● , a piece of canvass tar'd all over , to lay upon the Deck of a ship , to keep the rain from soaking through ; also one of the meaner sort of Sailers , because commonly clothed in Canvas . Tarshish the Ocean or main Sea , Psa . 48.9 . Break the ships of Tarshish . Tarshish was the name of the Son of Javan , the son of Japeth , the son of Noah , Gen. 10.4 . of whom Tarsus a City of Cicilia in Syria , had the name , Acts 21.34 . from thence they went by shipping into far Countreys Africa , Judea , Ophir , &c. 1 Kings 22.48 . and 10.21 . Hereupon that sea was called Tarshish , and the name is generally applied to every Ocean . Wilson . Tarrasse ( Fr. terrasse ) bank or heap of earth ; bu● most usually an open Gallery or place to walk in , commonly above ground . Tarter ( Fr. tartre ) the Lees or dregs that stick to the sides of wine vessels , hard and dry like a crust ; sound , and so close compacted that you may beat it into powder ; called also Argal. Tartarine Tartarean ( tartareus ) of hell , hellish terrible . Tases ; see Taces . Tassel or Tiersel ( Fr. tiercelet ) the male of any kinde of Hawk ; so termed , because in bigness or strength of body , he is commonly a third part less then the female . Taurean ( taureus Taurine ( taurinus ) ) of ● belonging to a Bull. Tauricornous ( tauricorni ) horned like a Bull. Br. Tauriferous ( taurifer ) which beareth or nourishe● Bulls or Neat. Taurus the greatest h●l in all Asia , which in hoy Writ is called Mount Ara●t . Also one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack . Tautologie ( tautologia ) a repeating of one and the same thing in other words . Tautological ( tautologicus ) that doth so repeat . Taxers , two Officers yearly chosen in Cambridge , to see the true gage of all weights and measures ; the name took beginning from taxing or rating the rents of houses , which was antiently the duty of their Office. Technical ( technicus ) artificial , cunning , done like a workman . Technology ( Gr. ) a treating or description of Crafts , Arts or Workmanship . Tectonick ( tectonicus ) of or belonging to a builder . Tectorian ( tectorius ) pertaining to covering , pargetting washing or white-lyming . Tedder ( from the Dutch Toddere● , i. to tie ) to tie a a horse or beast with a rope , that he may grase within such a compass , and no further ▪ and somtimes the Rope it self . Tediferous ( tedifer ) that beareth a torch or taper . Tegment ( tegmentum ) a covering , a garment or cloathing . Br. Teirse ; see Tierse . Telarie ( from tela ) pertaining to a web or weaving , Dr. Brown speaks of Telary Spiders , that is such as weave cobwebs . Vul. Err. Telescope ( Gr. ) an instrument enabling one to see afar off ; a Prospective glass . Telesme ; see Talisman . Te●feron ( telifer ) which beareth darts , arrows or weapons . Tellus , the goddess of the earth . Temerarious ( temerarius ) more hardy then needs , and wisdom requires , fool-hardy , rash , indiscreet , unadvised . Tem●i● ( temeritas ) rashness , fool-hardiness , unadvisedness . Temp● , a pleasant and most delightful place in Thessaly , held to be the Muses garden ; whence all pleasant woods and fields receive that name . Temperament ( temperamentum ) a moderation , mean or measure , a due proportion of the four humors of the body . Temperamental , pertaining to temperament . Temperance ( temperantia ) moderation , refraining of sensuality and unruly affections , soberness . Temperance is a vertue , which rules the appetite , bridles our sensual delights , and makes a man content to moderate himself in them according to reason . Tour. Cat. Temperature ( temperatura ) moderation in mingling things together ; good disposition , temperateness . Tempestivity ( tempestivitas ) season or time convenient , opportunity , fitness of time , seasonableness . Templaries , or Knights of the Temple ( Templarii ) certain religious Christian-souldiers dwelling about the Temple at Jerusalem , and therefore so called , whose office and vow was to defend that Temple and the holy Sepulchre , and to entertain Christian strangers that came thither for devotion , to guard them in safety , when they went to visit the places of the holy land : Their habit was a white cloak or upper garment with a red cross and a sword gir● about them , as you may see in Mr. Dugdales Antiquities of Warwick-shire . This order was instituted by Pope Gelasius about the year of our Lord 1117. or 1120. and had flourished about two hundred years , when it was suppressed by Clement the fifth . These Templars first founded and built the Temples or Templars Inne in Fleetstreet , which without controversie is the most antient of all the Inns of Court , and though they were divided into three several Houses , that is the Inner , the Middle , and the Outward Temple ( which last is now converted into Essex house ) yet were they at first all but one House ; in which these Knights lived in great honor and opulency about one hundred years ; For they had many Castles , Lordships , and Seignories belonging to them and their Order in many parts of England ; and the Master of this Order was a Baron of this Nation ; their Church , yet standing , was dedicated to the service of God by Heraclius , Patriarck of Jerusalem , An. Dom. 1185. After the suppression of these Templars , their lands were ( by a general Council held at Vienna ) conferred on the other more antient and religous Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem , called also Joannites , and after Knights of Rhodes , and lastly of Malta , where they live at this day . And this Cannon of the Council was confirmed to the Knights of Saint John residing here in England by Act of Parliament made 17. Ed. 2. In the reign of Edw. 3 , ( after several noble persons had in this interval been tenants and occupants of the Temple Inns ) certain of the reverend antient Professors of the Laws obtained a very large or perpetual Lease of this Temple , or of two parts thereof , distinguished by the names of the Middle and Inner Temple , from the said Joannites ( then residing in their goodly house called the Priory of St. John of Jerusalem , near Smithfield ) to pay yearly ten pounds . These Knights Templars bore for their Arms , a Shield Argent , charged with a Cross Gules , and upon the Nombril of it , a holy Lamb. And Mat. Paris saith , on their common Seal was engraven a horse with two men riding on him . But the Society of the Inner Temple have taken for their Ensign or Devise , a Pegasus , or flying Horse , sable or gules upon a Shield Or. Over the door of the Temple Church was this inscription in antient characters , remaining legible till April 1656. since which time the latter part of it is defaced . ✚ Anno ab incarnatione domini MCLXXXV . dedicata haec Ecclesia in honorem beatae Mariae à Domino Eraclio Dei gratiae Sanctae resurrectionis Ecclesiae Patriarcha , quarto Idus Februarii , qui eam annatim petentibus , de injuncta sibi penitentia , LX. dies indulsit . Temporaneous ( temporaneus ) done suddenly , at a certain time , pertaining to time ; variable for the time . Temporary ( temporarius ) in time , at the hour appointed , temporal , temporeous . Temporaities of Bishops , were such revenues as had been given to their Sees by the Kings and other great Personages , as they were Lords of the Parliament . See Spiritualities of Bishops . Temporize ( from tempus , oris ) to observe , agree with , or apply himself to the time ; to seek to please the times , to live as the times go ; also to linger or protract the time . Temporizer , he that doth so , a time-server . Temulency ( temulentia ) drunkenness . Temulent Temulentine ( temulentus ) drunken , cupshot . Tenacies ( tenacia ) the stalks of apples . Lustra Lud. Tenacious ( tenax , acis ) that holds fast , long and stedfast , good and sure , clammy , glewish ; also hard to be moved , stiff-necked . Tenacity ( tenacitas ) fast-keeping , sure holding , niggardliness , misery ; also constancy , stedfastness . Tend ( tendo ) to extend , to stretch out , to bend , to incline , to make towards , to draw on . Tendency ( tendentia ) an extending , a stretching out ; a going forward , a making toward . Tenderlings , the soft tops of a Deers horns when they are in blood , any living things that are nesh and tender . Tendons or Tendines ( Lat. tendones ) certain instruments of moving in the top of muscles , made of sinews and ligatures , and knitting them to the bones , they are harder then sinews , and not so hard as ligatures . Thom. Tendrels ( from the Fr. tendron , or Lat. tenendo ) little sprigs of vines or other plants wherewith they take hold to grow or stay themselves up ; also a kind of gristle . Tenebres ( Fr. à tenebrae ) darkness , obscurity ; also the Service or Mattins used in the Roman Church on Wednesday Thursday and Friday before Easter , are call'd tenebrae , ( and thence tenebrae-Wednesday , Thursday , &c. ) as being begun with many lights , and ending in darkness , representing the night-time of our blessed Saviours apprehension in the Garden Gethsemani ; in which Office are lighted at the first on a triangular candlestick fifteen candles , viz. as many as there are Psalms and Canticles in the Office , and at the end of every Psalm one of the fifteen lights is extinguished till they are all put out ; so to shew the forsaken desolate state of our blessed Saviour in his passion , all the light or comfort of his friends leaving him , or being forced from him for a time , and he left alone suh potestate tenebrarum , under the power of darkness . Tenebrosity ( tenebrositas ) great darkness or obscurity . Tenebrous ( tenebrosus ) very close , dark or obscure . Tenerity ( teneritas ) softness , tenderness . Tenn● , a term used by Heralds signifying an orange or tawny colour . Teno● , that part of a Post or Rafter which is put into a mortise hole , to make it stand upright , or bear it up . Tenor ( Lat. ) a continual order , form , fashion , trade , state or race ; Also the content or substance of a matter . The tenor part in musick is that which is next above the base . The order in consort-vocal musick is thus ; 1. Base . 2. Tenor. 3. Counter-tenor ; 4. Mean or Contra-alto . 5. Treble or Alto. Tensile ( tensus ) stretched out , bent , strouting out . Tent● hath divers significations . As first ( from tentorium ) it signifies a Pavillion or Tent for War , commonly made of Sackcloth or such like . 2. Tent which Chyrurgions put into a wound , comes from ( tento , to try ) because it tries how wide or deep the wound is . 3. Jewellers call that Tent which they put under Table Diamonds when they set them in work , and is made of Mastick and Turpentine . 4. Tent or Tint wine , is a kind of Alicant , though not so good as pure Alicant , and is a general name for all wines in Spain , except white , from the Span. ( vino tinto ) i. a deep red wine . 5. Tent ( from tentum ) a mans privy member . Tentative ( from tento ) the posing ( for the passing ) of Graduates ; a probation or examination of such as are to to take degree , or that tries or examines . Tenths ( decimae ) is that yearly portion of tribute , which all Ecclesiastical Livings yield to the King , An. 26. H. 8. cap. 3. The Levites paid them to their high Priests , Numb . 8. Hieron . in Ezekiel . It signifies also a tax levied of the temporalty . Holinsh . H. 2. fol. 111. Tentorian ( tentorianus ) belonging to a Tent or Pavillion . Tenuate ( tenuo ) to make small , thin or slender ; to make lean , or feeble . Tenuifolious , thin or narrow leafed . Br. Tenuious or Tenuous ( tenuis ) slender , thin , low , lean , poor , sparing , small , of no estimation . L. Bac. Tenuity ( tenuitas ) smalness , poverty , leanness , thinness , fineness . Tenure ( from tenere to hold ) is the manner whereby Lands and Tenements are holden of their Lords . What may make a Tenure , and what not . See Perkins Reservations 70. By Act of Parl. 1656. ca. 4. all Tenures are now turned into free and common Soccage . Tepefie ( tepefacio ) to make warm . Tephragmantie ( Gr. ) divination by ashes , blown or cast up in the air . Tepid ( tepidus ) mean between cold and hot , luke-warm ; also cold and nothing earnest in a matter . Tepidity ( tepiditas ) lukewarmness . Tepor idem . Teraphim ( the Heb. word Taraph signifies in general the compleat image of a man ) in particular an Idol or Image made for mens private use in their own houses , Gen. 31.30 . Iudges 17.5 . Teribinthine ( terebinthinus ) belonging to Turpentine , or the tree out of which it issues . Terebrate ( terebro ) to bore or make a hole with a wimble or awger , to pierce , to thirle . Terebration ( terebratio ) a boring or piercing . Bac. Tergeminous ( tergeminus ) three fold , triple ; one of , or the three born at the same time . Tergiductor ( Lat. ) the hinder man , or bringer up of a file of Soldiers . Tergiment ( tergimentum ) that which is put into the scales to makes weight . Tergiversation ( tergiversatio ) a flinching , withdrawing , shifting , slinking , shrinking back or dodging , a non-suit in Law , a hasting , a runing away , yet fighting still . See Calumniate . Termagant ( from ter and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. magnus ) thrice great , or great in the superlative degree . Sir W.D. Terminals ( terminalia ) feasts instituted to the honor of Terminus , the god of Bounds , and kept in February , at the eighth Calends of March , because between terminalia and refugium , the odd days of the Leap year were put in . Terminate ( termino ) to end , to finish , to bound , to appoint or assign bounds or marches , to limit . Terminus , the God of Bounds , who was wont to end the strifes and controversies of Countrey people in dividing their lands . See Lactantius l. 1. c. 20. Ternary Ternarious ( ternarius ) belonging to the number three . Ternion ( ternio ) the number three . Terra-sigillata ( Lat. ) an earth brought from the Isle Lemnos , it was used to be sent from thence sealed , therefore called sigillata , and said to be good for curing wounds , stopping fluxes , expelling poisons , &c. Tertae-filius ( i. son of the earth ) the name of the Fool in the Acts at Oxford . Terrene ( terrenus ) earthly , that lives on the earth , or is done on the earth . Terrestrial . Idem . Terrestrify , to make earthly or like earth . Br. Terrar or Terrer ( from terra ) a particular or survey of a Mannor , or of ones whole estate of lands , containing the quantity of acres and boundaries thereof . In the Exchequer there is a Terrar of all the Glebelands in England , made about the II. of Edw. 3. Sometimes used for a suit-roll , or catalogue of all the tenants and Residents names within a Mannor , and what Lands they hold . Terre-tenant ( i. tenens terram ) is he , who hath the natural actual possession of the land , which we otherwise call the occupation , A. 39 Eliz. cap. 7. For example , a Lord of a Mannor hath a Freeholder , who lets out his free land to another , this third person is called the Terre-tenant . West . part . 2. Simb . tit . Fines sect . 137. Terricrepant ( terricrepus ) that rebuketh terribly or bitterly . Terrisonant ( terrisonus ) that sounds terribly . Territory ( territorium ) the Country or Continent of land lying within the bounds of a City , Town or Lordship . Terrulent ( terrulentus ) earthy or earthly , made of earth . Terse ( tersus ) clean , pure , neat ; as a terse Oration , i. neat or well-pen'd . Tertiate ( tertio ) to Till ground , or do any thing the third time ; to tri-fallow , as they say in Herefordshire . Tertiary ( tertiarius ) of or belonging to the third , or the third sort , tertian . Tessera ( Lat. ) a thing in every part square , as a Dye ; Also a watchword , or signal , a note , mark or token , &c. Tesserarious ( tesserarius ) belonging to Tessera , or a Dye . Test , is a broad instrument , made of Maribone ashes hooped about with iron , on which Refiners do fine , refine and part gold and silver from other Mettals , or ( as we use to say ) put them to the Test . Testaceous ( testaceus ) made of tile , brick , or baked earth ; that hath a shell . Testaceous animals , are such as have shels ▪ as all shel-fish , snails , &c. Testament , testamentum , i. testatio mentis , the witness of of the minde , as the last Will & Testament is , of which there are two sorts , viz. nuncupatory , and in writing ; The first is when a man being sick , and for fear least death , want of memory or speech should come so suddenly upon him , that he should be prevented , if he staid the writing his Will , desires his neighbours and friends to bear witness of his last Will , and then declares the same by words before them ; which after his decease , being proved by the witnesses , and put in writing by the Ordinary , stands in as good force ( except for lands ) as if it had in his life time been put in writing , &c. Some distinguish Testaments from Wills , as if the first concerned lands onely , and the other personal estate . Of this read the Duty of Executors . Testamentatious ( testamentarius ) belonging to a Testament or last Will. Testation ( testatio ) a witness bearing . Testator ( Lat. ) he that makes a Will or Testament . Testatrix ( Lat. ) she that does so . Testicular ( testicularis ) belonging to the stones of man or beast . Teston ( Fr. ) a piece of silver coyn , worth about 18 d. sterl . Testification ( testificatio ) a proving by witness , a witness-bearing . Testudineous ( testudineus ) belonging to , or bowing like the shell of a Tortoise , vaulted . Also pertaining to that antient War-engine called Testudo , or to the Target-fence ; of both which see Godw. Anthol . p. 180. Tetanical ( tetanicus ) that hath the crick in the neck , or a kinde of cramp , which holds the neck so stiff , that it cannot bow . Tetra ( Gr. ) four ; hence Tetracord ( tetrachordium ) an antient instrument with four strings ; but now it is taken for every fourth in the Scale of Musick . or Gamut . Tetrade ( Fr. ) a quaternity or mess , the proportion or number of four . Tetraglottical ( Gr. ) that hath , or consists of four Tongues or Languages . Tetragonal ( tetragonus ) that is four square , as a tetragon or quadrangle . Tetragrammaton ( Gr. ) that hath four letters . The Hebrews so called the great Name of God , Jehovah ; because in their language it was written with four letters , and was held in such reverence among them , that it was unlawful to pronounce it . Tetralogie ( Gr. ) a speaking or writing in four parts . Among the Antients it was a kind of Tragedy , consisting of four Dramma's , as the manner was , when they contested , to be presented at four several Festivals . Tetrameter ( Gr. ) a kind of verse having but four feet or measures . Tetraptote ( tetraptotum ) declined in four cases . Tetrach ( Gr. ) a Governor of the fourth part of a Country . Tetrarchy ( tetrachia ) the goverment of the fourth part of a Country , or a government of the whole by four persons . Tetrastick ( tetrastichon ) a sentence or Epigram comprised in four verses . Tetrasyllabical ( tetrasyllabicus ) that hath or contains four syllables . Tetrical ( tetricus ) rude , rough , unpleasant , sower , crabbish , hard to relish . Tetricity ( tetricitas ) sourness or sadness of countenance . Tetritude , Idem . Tetronimal ( tetronimus ) that hath four names . Teutenicks ( teutonici ) people of Germany , cal'd Almains ; Also an order of Knights . Textile ( textilis ) that is weaved or wounden , embroidered . Bac. Textorian ( textorius ) of or belonging to a weaver ; or weaving . Texture ( textura ) a weaving . Thalassiarck ( thalassiarcha ) an Admiral or chief Officer at Sea. Thalassical ( thalassicus ) of a blew colour like the sea-waves , sea-green or blew . Thalassion ( thalassio ) a nuptial Song , or a song at a Bridal . Thalassio was used at Bridals or Weddings in Rome , as an auspicate or lucky word ; like this among the Greeks , Hymen O Hyminaee , Hymen , &c. Thalia , one of the Muses . Thalmud ; see Talmud . Thane ( Sax. ) a dignity among our antient Saxons , of two sorts ; Meset Thanes were Priests qualified to say Mass ; Worrould Thanes were a kind of secular or temporal Lords . Thavies Inn in Holborn , is one of the eight Inns of Chancery , it was antiently the house of one John Thavie , an Armorer , of whom it was rented in Edward the Thirds time , by some Professors of the Law ; but about Henry the Seventh's time it was purchased by the Benchers of Lincolns Inn , for the Students and other professors of the Law of Chancery , and still retains the name of the old owner , Mr. Thavie . The Arms of this house are Azure , two garbs in saltor Or , with a T. argent in a chief Sables . Theater ( theatrum ) a place made half round , where people assembled to behold Plays and solemn Games ; a Stage or scaffold ; see Amphitheater . Theatral Theatrical ( theatricus ) belonging to a Theater . Theatins or Thietins , an order of religious persons , which began about the time of Pope Clement the seventh . So called , because they were first instituted by John Peter-Caraff , who was first Bishop of Thiette or Theate in the Kingdom of Naples , and afterwards Pope Paul the third . Spir. Conflict . Theft-bo●e ( from theft and boote , i compensatio ) signifies the receiving of goods from a thief , to the end to favor and maintain him ; the punishment whereof is ransome and imprisonment , and not loss of life and member . Stawnf . pl. Cor. lib. 1. cap. 43. And the Mirror of Justices lib. 2. cap. des peches criminels al suite del roy : And yet he there makes mention of a Record alledged which testified a Judgment of life and member given in this case . Thelemite ( Gr. ) a libertine , one that does what he list . Themis , the Goddess of Justice , that gave out Oracles in Boeotia . Theos in Greek , is Deus . God , with which we have many words compounded . As , Theobald ( commonly Tibold & Thibald ) Gods power . Theode●ic ( Germ. ) contractedly Deric and Terry , with the French , powerable , or rich in people , according to Lipsius . Cam. Theodore ( Gr. ) Gods gift , a mans name , now corruptly by Welch-Brittans called Tydder . Cam. But the modern Britains say Tudur , which may come from Tawdwr , signifying grosness or fat , and so signifies a fat or gross man. Theocracy ( Gr. ) Gods government . Theogonie ( theogonia ) the beginning or generation of the gods . Theologaster , a small or simple Divine , a smatterer in Divinity . Theology ( theologia ) divinity , reasoning ; or science of God and holy things . Theologue or Theologer ( Theologus ) a Divine , a Professor of Divinity . Theological ( theologicus ) pertaining to Divinity . Faith , Hope and Charity are called the Theological vertues , because they have their object and end in God : For the object of Faith is Gods veracity or infallibility in speaking truth ; the object of Hope is Gods infinite inclination to do good to all ; the object of Charity is Gods infinite perfection , whereby he is worthy of all love . Theologize , to preach or play the Divine . Theomachy ( Gr. ) a warring or fighting against the gods , as the old Gyants are feigned to have done . Theomagical ( Gr. ) pertaining to the wisdom of God , or that works wonders by his help . Theomancy ( theomancia ) a kinde of divination or Inchanting by abusive calling upon the secret , and mysterious names of God. Theominy ( theominia ) the anger or wrath of God. Theophilus ( Gr. ) loving God. Theorba ( from the Ital. Tiorba ) a certain musical instrument somewhat different from the ordinary Lute , in that the head of this , or part of it bends back , and the head of that is commonly strait . Theoreme ( theorema ) a speculation ; any principle or undoubted rule in any science or Art. But particularly ( as it is opposed to problema ) that which respects contemplation more then practice . Theorem●tick Theoretick ( theorematicus ) belonging to a theoreme , or to contemplation . The Theoretick part of Science consists in Geometry , Harmonic , Astronomy , which neither act nor produce any thing . Theoremist , a professor of Theoremes or Axioms of undoubted truth . Theory ( theoria ) speculation , contemplation and knowledge of an art without practice , or deep study . Theosophical ( Gr. ) wise in things belonging to God. Therapeutick ( therapeuticus ) curing , healing . Br. Theraphim ; see Teraphim . Theriacal ( theriacus ) of a viper or other cruel beasts ; of , or belonging to triacle . Thermety ( thermefacio ) to chase or make one hot with outragious eating and drinking hot things . Thermometer ( Gr. ) an Instrument , whereby to measure the degrees of heat and cold , a weather-glass . Thermopolist ( thermopola ) a Cook that sells hot meat . Thesaurer ( thesaurus ) a Treasurer . Spotsw . Thesaurize ( thesaurizo ) to gather or heap up treasure , to hoard up riches . Thesiphone , one of the Furies . Thesis ( Gr. ) a general and indefinite question , argument or position . Theta ( ☉ ) a Greek letter , answering to ( th ) with us , used as a mark for persons condemned to death ( being the first letter of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. mors ) or for faults in writings or Books ; as the letter L. for lauds or laudibilia , select words and sentences . Et potis es nigrum vitio praefigere , Theta . Thetic , pertaining to Theta . Thetis , sometimes used for the Sea. Theurgy ; see Turgie . Thiller or Thil-horse , is that horse which is put under the Thills of the Cart to bear them up . Thud-borow ; see Head-borow . Thole ( tholus ) a knot in the midst of a timber vault , where the ends of the posts meet , called a Scutchin : a Pinacle , a Tabernacle ; Also that place in Temples , where donaries & such gifts as were presented there , are hung up . Thomas ( Hebr. ) signifies twin , or , as some will have it , bottomless deep . Thomists ( Thomistae ) are those Divines that follow the Doctrine of St. Tho. of Aquine , who , for his excellency in Theology , is generally styled the Angelical Doctor ; whose School-opinions are impugned by Johannes Scotus a Minorite and his followers . Thorachique ( from thorax acis ) belonging to the breast or stomack . Thorachique Vein or Artery ; see in Vein and Artery . Thor was an Idol of great esteem among the old Saxons and Teutonicks , and the day now called Thursday was dedicated to his peculiar service , and thence took denomination , which the Danes and Swedes yet call Chors●ay ; He was also called the God of thunder , whence in the Neatherlands the day is called Dundersdagh , or Chun●ersday . Versteg . 60 , 61. Thorp ( Sax. ) a Village or Country Town , we have many in Leicester and Nottinghamshires , that still retain this antient name ; and in Holland they call it Dorp . Thrask●es , are the followers of John Thraske , who broached his Judaical opinions in England about the year 1618. for which he was censured in the Star-chamber , but afterwards recanted . Mr. Full. Church hist . lib : 10. p. 76. There was also one Theophilus Braborn , a Disciple of his , who wrote a Book in defence of his heretical opinions , in the year 1632. Thrasonical ( thrasonicus ) vain-glorious , boasting , cracking , Thraso-like . Thrave of corn , was too Shocks of six or rather twelve sheaves a piece . Stati 2. H 6 ca. 2. The word comes from the British Dreva , i. twenty four . In most Counties of England twenty four sheaves do now go to a Thrave . Twelve sheaves makes a Stook , and two Stooks a Thrave . Threne ( threnum ) lamentation ; also a lamentable verse or song ; a funeral song . Threnody ( threnodia ) the singing of a funeral song . Threnetick ( threneticus ) mournful , lamentable . Threpe ( Sax. ) to affirm positively , or to face one down with confidence ; Also to rebuke or chide . Still used in the North. Third-borow is used for a Constable , An. 28. H 8. ca. 10. which also is noted by Mr. Lambert in his Duty of Constables , p. 6. and seems to be corruptly used for the Sax. Fre●●or● , i. ingenuus fide jussor . See Headborow . Throb ( ●ax . ) to pant or rise often , as the heart doth . Thrones ( throni ) have the third ranck in the celestial Hierarchy , whom together with Dominations , Principalities and Powers , St. Paul mentions ; They signifie Majesty , on whom God is said to sit . Thou sittest , &c. Thurman ( Hebr. ) persection . See Vrim . Thuriferous ( thurifer ) that beareth or brings forth frankincense . Thursday . See Thor and Day . Thymelical ( thymelicus ) belonging to players in interludes and open dance . Thymous ( thymosus ) full of Thime , an herb so called . Thyrse ( thyrsus ) a stalk or stem of any herb ; also a Javelin wrapped with Ivy , which the flock of drunken Harlots bare in Bacchus his Sacrifice . Tiar● ( Lat. ) a round Ornament for the head , which Princes , Priests , and women of old time wore . Hence we still call it a tire for a womans head , and a tiring-woman . It is sometimes used for the Popes triple Crown . Tibial ( tibialis ) of , or belonging to pipes ; meet to make pipes of . Tibicinate ( tibicino ) to sing or pipe . Ticktack ( Fr. trictrac ) a game at Tables , so called , not from the sudden removing the men , and the snapping noise they make , as Min. would have it ; but ticktack , quasi touch and take , that being the law of the Game , if you touch a man , you must play him . Tide ( Belg. ) time . See Spring-tide . Tiercel . See Tassel . Tie●c●t Fr. ) a song of triple Stanzoes , or Stanzo of three verses . Tierc● ( Fr. tiers ) a certain measure of liquid things , as Wine , Oyl , &c. containing the sixth part of a Tun. Ann. 32. H. 8 c. 14. or the third part of a pipe , and from this last it takes denomination , because tiers in French signifies a third , or third part . Tigrine ( tigrinus ) of , or like the swift beast , Tigre . Tilting . See Turneaments . Timariots , wheresoever any land is conquered by the Great Turk , it is divided into divers parts , and given to those they call Timariots , for term of life , with obligation to serve on horse-back wheresoever they shall be summoned ; This is not much unlike our old Tenures of Knights service or Escuage , but not hereditary ; According to the value of the timar or feud , the Timariot is to come in with one , two , three or more horses , &c. See Sir Hen. Blounts Voyage , fol. 65. Timber of skins , is a term among Furriers , and signifies Forty skins . Acts 1656. ca. 20. And Timbers of Ermine is a term in Blazon , signifying the rows or rancks of Ermine , in the Capes of Noblemens Robes . Timbrel ( from the Belg. Trommel ) a Taber . Timidity ( timiditus ) fearfulness , bashfulness , timerousness . Timocr●cy ( Gr. ) dominatus in quo á sensu magistratus creantur . Scap. a government wherein the Magistrates were created by their riches . Timothy ( Timotheus ) a mans name ; in Greek , it signifies honoring God. Timpane . See Tympane . Ti●cei ( from the Fr. Estincelle , i. a spark , or sparkle of fire ) signifies with us a stuff or cloth made of silk , and copper ; so called because it glisters like sparks of fire . Ti●ture ( tinctura ) a dying or staining , a colour or dye . Tingible ( tingibilis ) that may be stained , dipped or died . Tin●y ( a word used in Worcestershire and thereabouts , as a little tiney ) comes from the Ital. ( Tini ) which is a diminutive termination . Tinniment ( tinnimentum ) a ringing or tinckling , as mettals do . Tinsel . See Tincell . Tint-wine . See Tent-wine Tintamar ( Fr. tintamare ) a clashing or crashing , a rustling or gingling noise , made in the fall of woodden stuff , or vessels of mettal . Tintinate ( tintino ) to ring like a bell , to ring . Tipoc●smy or Typ●c●sm ( typocosmia ) a type or figure of the world . Tiromantie ( tiromantia ) a kind of divination by chee●e . Tissu ( Fr. woven or plaited ) with us cloth of tissu is cloth of silk and silver , or silk and gold woven together . Ti●an , used of Poets for the Sun. Tit●nick ( titanicus ) of or belonging to the Sun. Tith● ( decimae ) seems to be an abreviate of tithing , being the Saxon ( ●ot●u●g ) a little altered , which signifies decuriam , a tithing . It signifies the tenth part of all fruits predial or personal , &c. See Sir Henry Spelman , de non temerandis Ecclesiis , and Mr. Seldens History of Tithes . Tithing ( Sax. Teothung ) signifies ( says Lambert ) the number or company of ten men , with their families cast and knit together in a society , all of them being bound to the King , for the peaceable and good behavior of each of their society ; of these companies there was one principal person , who of his office was called ( Teothung-man ) at this day in the West parts ( Tithing-man ) but now he is nothing but a Constable ; for that old discipline of tithings is left long since . It also signifies a Court. An. 23. Ed 3. ca 4. Titillation ( titillatio ) a tickling , a stirring , a pleasant moving . Titubate ( titubo ) to stagger in going , to stumble ; and by metaphor , to stutter or stammer in speaking . Titular ( from titulus ) that bears a title onely Tobaco or Tobacco ( sic vocatur in omnibus linguis ) a Drug too well known in England since the year 1585 when the Mariners of Sir Fra. Drake first brought it hither from the Indies , where some affirm there is an Island called Tobacco , and abounding with it , whence the Drug took denomination , if nor , the Island so called from the Drug . Tobi●● ( Heb. ) the Lord is good . Tod of Wool is twenty eight pounds in weight , or two Stone ; see Stone . Tol●●yth , the name of the chief Prison at Edenburgh . Tolsey or Toldsey , is a place in the City of Bristol , answerable to the Old Exchange in London , where the Merchants meet ; and may perhaps be so called , because oft-times there is money told upon the heads of round posts or pillars made for that purpose ; or from , Tol , i. vectigal and sey , i. sedes , the seat or place of paying Custom . Tolutation ( tolutatio ) an ambling pace , a going easie . Tolutiloquence ( tolutiloquentia ) a smooth or nimble kind of speaking . Toman , a kinde of coyn among the Persians valuing 3 l. 6. s. sterl . Tome ( tomus ) properly a severing or dividing . When an Author has wrote a book , which being all together , would be too great and unweildy , he commonly divides it into several Tomes or parts . Tomboy ( a girle or wench that leaps up and down like a boy ) comes from the Saxon tumu● , to dance , and tum●od , danced ; hence also the word tumbling still in use . Tomentitious ( tomentitius ) made of flocks of wooll . Tomin ( Fr. ) six penny weight , or the weight of a Spanish Real . Among Jewellers it is taken for three Carrats . Tonical ( from tonus ) pertaining to tone , note , tune or accent . Dr. Br. Tonitruate ( tonitruo ) to thunder . Tonange is a Custom or Impost due for Merchandize brought or carried in Tuns and such like vessels , from or to other Nations , after a certain rate in every Tun , 1. Jac. cap. 33. I have heard it also called a duty , due to the Mariners for the unloading their ship arrived in any Haven after a rate for every Tun. Tonsils ( tonsillae ) certain kernels at the root of the tongue subject to inflammations and swellings , occasioned by the falling down of humors from the head . Cot. Tonsorious ( tonsorius ) of , or belonging to a Tonsor or Barber . Toparchie ( toparchia ) the rule of a Country or place . Topaze ( topazius ) a precious stone , whereof there are two kinds ; one of the colour of gold , and the other of saffron colour , not so good as the first . It is written that this stone being put into seething water , so cools it , that one may presently put his hand into it . Tophet ( Heb. Toph ) a large and wide place near Hierusalem where Jewish Idolaters ( after the manner of the Amonites ) burnt their children , and offered them to the Idol Moloch , set up in this Tophet , being in the valley of Hinnom , as we may read , 2 King. 23.10 , Jer. 7.31 , &c. Topos ( Gr. ) locus , a place Hence , Topicks ( topica ) books that speak or entreat of places of invention ; or that part of Logick , which treats of the invention of arguments . Topical ( topicus ) pertaining to places of inventing arguments . Topography ( topographia ) the description of a particular place or places , be they Towns , Cities , Shires or Counties ; see Tyberiade . Torcular●ous ( torcularius ) belonging to a Press that squieseth grapes . Torico ; see Banditi . Torminous ( torminosus ) that frets the guts , or that hath torments and frettings in the guts . Tornado ( Spa. tronada , i. a return , or turning about ) is a sudden , violent and forcible storm of rain and ill weather at sea , so termed by the Mariners ; and does most usually happen about the Ae●uator . Tornatil ( tornatilis ) that is turned , or made with a wheel . Torosity ( torositas ) fleshiness , fatness , brawniness . Torpedo , a cramp-fish , that , being alive , stupifies the hands of him that touches it , though he do it with a long pole , but after death produceth no such effect . Torp●d ( torpidus ) slow , dull , drouzy , astonied . Torpor ( Lat. ) a feebleness of the mind , and unaptness to do any thing ; a slothful heaviness . Torquated ( torquatus ) that wears a collar or chain . Torrefy ( torrefacio ) to broil or rost by fire , or by heat of the Sun ; to parch , to scorch . Torrent ( torrens ) substantively , signifies a violent stream coming down hill , caused by rain or snow ; a land or rain flood in Summer time ; any strong running stream . Adjectively , burning or rosting ; as in Solinus it is used for the scorching time of Summer , Aestivo torrente . Torrentine ( from torrens ) belonging to , or abiding in torrents , or swift streams . Torrid ( torridus ) dry , parching , burning , scorching . Torsion ( torsio ) a writhing , wresting or wringing . Torteaures ( Fr. torteaux ) a term in Heraldry , for those things that seem like cakes of bread ; they must be round , whole , and of some colour , not of mettal , therein to make them differ from Pesants ; old Blazonners call them Wastels . Tortile ( tortilis ) that is bent , bowed or wrested , winding or writhen . Tortiloquy ( tortiloquium ) crooked talk . Tortive ( tortivus ) that is wrung or pressed out . Tortuosity ( tortuositas ) crookedness , a bending or winding in and out Tortuous ( tortuosus ) crooked . Torvid ( torvidus ) cruel , spightful in looks , stern , grim , sowre , unpleasant . Torvity ( torvitas ) sowerness , lowring , crabbed looking , frowning . Felth. Tost ( tostum ) is a place wherein a messuage hath stood . West . tit . Fines . Sect 26. Totage ( Fr. ) the whole sum , substance , matter of ; all . Totality ( totalitas ) the utmost penny , the total or whole sum . Bac. Tournement . See Turneament . Tournois ( Fr. ) a French penny , the tenth part of a penny sterling , which rate it holds in all other words ( as the Sol or Livre ) whereunto it is joyned . In France they say so much money Tournois , as we say sterling . Towage ( Fr. touaige ) the towing a Ship by Boats , or at the Stern of another . Toylet ( Fr. toylette ) a bag or cloth to put night clothes in . Trabal ( trabalis ) belonging to a beam ; great or big like a beam . Tracas or Tracasserie ( Fr. ) restless trotting , ranging , roaming , hurrying up and down , a busie or needless travel or toyling ones self . Cot. Traces ( Fr. ) the foot-print of ravenous beasts , as wilde Boars , Bears , &c. Tract ( tracta ) a line or thred , a discourse drawn out in length . In the Mass it is two or three versicles betwixt the Epistle and the Gospel ; and so called , because it is sung with a slow , long , protracted tone . Tractable ( tractabilis ) that may easily be intreated , handled or ordered , gentle , pliant . Tractate ( tractatus ) an handling , a describing or intreating of any thing in words ; also a part of a book , wherein any thing is handled , a Treatise . Tractitious ( tractitius ) that handleth , toucheth or intreats of . Tradition ( traditio ) a teaching , delivering or yeilding up . In Divinity that is called Tradition which is delivered by hand to hand from Christ or his Apostles to the the present age . Traditive ( traditus ) pertaining to tradition ; as a traditive Science , is a Science delivered by word of mouth from father to son ; continued , or left to posterity by tradition . Traduction ( traductio ) a conveying from one place to another , a translating ; a slandering , defaming or traducing , a withdrawing . Tragelaph ( tragelaphus ) the great and blackish deer called a stone-buck , deer-goat , or goat-hart ; because conceived between a buck-goat and the hind . Cot. Tragematopolist ( tragematopola ) he that sels confits , carawaies and such other ware , made of sugar ; a Confectioner . Tragecomedy ( tragecomoedia ) a play that is half Tragedy and half Comedy ; such is Amphitruo in Plauius . Tragedie ( tragoedia ) is a lofty kind of Poetry so called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a goat , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , an Ode or Song ; because the Actors therof had a goat given them as a reward . The differences between a Tragedy and a Comedy are these ; First , in respect of the matter ; because a Tragedy treats of exilements , murders , matters of grief , &c. a Comedy of love-toyes , merry fictions , and petty matters ; In a Tragedy the greatest part of the Actors are Kings and Noble Persons ; In a Comedy , private persons of meaner state and condition . The subject of a Comedy is often feigned , but of a Tragedy it is commonly true and once really performed ; The beginning of a Tragedy is calm and quiet , the end fearful and turbulent ; but in a Comedy contrarily , the beginning is turbulent , and the end calm . Both Comedies and Tragedies ought to have five Acts and no more , according to that of Horace . Nevè minor quinto , neù sit productior actu Fabula — These Acts are divided into several Scenes , which sometimes fall out more , sometimes fewer in every Act ; The definition of a Scene being Mutatio Personarum . Tra●idian ( tragicus ) a maker or writer of Tragedies , a Tragediographer , also the Actor of them Tragica● ( tragicus ) pertaining to Tragedies , cruel , outragious . See Comical . Trajection ( trajectio ) a passing over , a conveying or carrying over ; also an interlacing or setting things out of order . Trajectitio●s ( trajectitius ) belonging to passage ; As trajectitious money , is that which is carried over the Sea at the peril of the Creditor , whether it were money indeed , or money turned into wares . Tralatitious [ tralatitius ] transferred or transposed : of the common sort , ordinary , vulgar . Tralucency , a shining thorow , translucency . Br. Tramontan● ( transmontanus ) that dwels beyond the mountains or in the north , from Italy ; a word generally used by the Italians , to express the Nations beyond the Alpes . Tranquillize ( tranquillo ) to make quiet , still or calm , to cause tranquility . Trans ( a Praeposition ) signifies , over , from one place to another , beyond , on the other side . Transaction ( transactio ) a a finishing , a making over , a dispatching an agreement . Transalpine ( transalpinus ) over or beyond the Alpes , forreign , Italians , on the further side the mountains . Transcendent ( transcendens ) that which surpasseth or exceeds other ; In Logick it signifies a word of such a nature , that it cannot be included in any of the ten Predicaments . Transcript ( transcriptum ) that which is transcribed , written or copied out of any original . Transcarrenc● ( from transcurro ) a running over , a passing over quickly . Transduction ( tranductio ) a leading over , a removing from one place to another . Transection ( from trans and sexus ) a turning or passing from one sex to another . Transfeminate ( from trans and foemina ) to turn from woman to man , or from one sex to another . Dr. Br. Tranfiguration ( transfiguratio ) a turning out of one shape into another , a transforming . The tranfiguration of our Saviour Christ doth not signifie the turning or change of one figure or one shape into another , but as it were a putting on an exceeding splendor and brightness that made his blessed face shine as the Sun , and his cloaths white as snow . Transfixed ( transfixus ) sticked or thurst through . Transfretation ( transfretatio ) a passing over-sea . Transfume ( transfumo ) to smoak thorow . Transfusion ( tranfusio ) a pouring out of one vessel into another . Transjection● ( transjectio ) a casting over , or thorow , an overthrowing . Transition ( transitio ) a passing over , a going forth , or from one place to another , a yielding , a running away . Transmarine ( transmarinus ) that comes from , or is of the parts beyond the Seas . Transmeable ( transmeabilis ) that may be passed over . Transmeate ( transmeo ) to to pass or go beyond . Transmigra●e ( transmigro ) to remove from one place to another , to go further or beyond , to flit . Transmission ( transmissio ) a passing or sending over or from one place to another , a transmitting . Transmute ( transmuto ) to to change from one place to another . Transnomination ( transnominatio ) a changing name . Transom● , a brow-post , or beam in building , that goes overthwart . And in a ship it is that timber which lies athwart the stern . Transpare ( transpareo ) to appear through , to be evident , or clear . Transpeciate ( from trans and species ) to change form or shape . Transpiration ( transpiratio ) an evaporation or breathing forth . Est totius corporis veluti respiratio quaedam per cutem . Transpose ( transpono ) to remove from one place to another , to alter the order of a thing ; a word used by Printers when their pages , lines or words are misplac'd . Transvasation ( transvasatio ) a turning , pouring or removing out of one place into another . Transubstantiation ( transubstantiatio ) a passage or conversion of one substance into another ; as of bread into the body of Christ , by the words of consecration , according to the doctrine of the Roman Catholicks . Transvection ( transvectio ) a conveying or carrying over . Transversion ( tranversio ) a turning away or cross , a traversing , or going athwart . Transult ( transulto ) to leap or jump over , to over-leap . Transumption ( transumptio ) a taking from one to another , a changing . Transvolation ( transvolatio ) a flying over or beyond . Trappan . See Trepan . Traskites . See Thraskites . Trave ( from the Fr. Travée , i. a bay of buildings ) a trevise or little room made purposely to shoo unbroken horses in . Traverse ( Fr. Traverser ) to thwart or go overthwart , to cross or pass over , to go to and again . In Law it signifies somtimes to contradict or deny any point of the matter werewith one is charged , or to put the proof of it on the Plaintiffs part ; sometime to overthrow or undo a thing done . The formal words of this Traverse in the first signification are , ( absque hoc ) without that that any other matter or thing , &c. As is commonly used in the later end of Answers in Chancery , &c. Travers-board ; is a board which they keep in the steeridge of a Ship having the thirty two points of the Compass marked in it . Travested ( from the Fr. Travester ) disguised or shifted in apparel , And Metaphorically , translated out of one language into another . Traumatick ( Greek ) belonging to wounds or to the cure of them , vulnerary . Scap. Treated ( from the Fr. traicté ) handled or intreated of , contracted or agreed on ; entertained . In which last sense it is now much used , as to say , I was nobly or kindly treated at such a mans house . Trecentene ( trecentenus ) pertaining to three hundred . Trellized ( from the Fr. treillissè ) cross-barred , latticed , grated with wood . Tremendous ( tremendus ) greatly to be feared . Tremor ( Lat. ) quaking , trembling , shaking , great fear ; also an earthquake . Tren ( Fr. ) an instrument ( somewhat like an Eelespear ) wherewith Mariners strike and kill fish at Sea. Trental ( from the Fr. trente ) the number thirty , commonly spoken of Masses for the dead . Trepan or Trevanditon ( Fr. trepan ) an instrument , having a round and indented edge wherewith Chyrurgions open a fractured scull , and by the help of a Lavatory ( within it ) raise up the crushed and depressed parts thereof , and take out pieces of bones and clotted blood . Cot. To Trepan , or Trappan , ( from the Ital. Trappare or trappolare , i. to entrap , or catch in a gin ) in the modern acceptation , signifies to cheat , or entrap in this manner ; a whore admits a man to be naught with her , and in the very instant , rings a Bell or gives a watch-word , and in comes a Pander who pretends to be her husband , and with vapouring and threats , upon the act of Adultery or otherwise , forces money or bond from the deluded third person . Some take this word to be derived from a Pander , that does entrap , or a trapping Pander . Trepidate ( trepido ) to fear , to tremble , or quake for fear , to be astonished . Trepidation ( trepidatio ) fear , trembling . Tressis-agaso ( Lat. ) a half-penny Herdsman or hors-keeper ; a fellow of no worth . Trestie ( tripus ) a three footed stool ; It differs from a Trevet , this being made of iron , the other of wood ; but both should properly have three seet apiece . Triacle ( theriaca ) remedy or antidote against poyson . Triangle ( triangulum ) a figure that hath three angles or corners , of which there are six sorts . 1. Equilateral , which is when the three sides are of an equal length , and the Angles all equal among themselves . 2. An Isoceles triangle , is that which hath two equal sides and two equal Angles opposite to those sides . 3. All irregular triangles ▪ having three unequal sides and angles , are known in Geometry under the term Scalenum . 4. An Oxugoneum , is a triangle having three acute angles . 5. An Amblogonoum , is a triangle , having two acute angles and one obtuse . 6. And lastly , an Orthogoneum , is a triangle which hath one right angle . Enchir. of Fortif . Triangular ( triangularis ) that hath three corners , or is three cornered . Triarchie ( triarchia ) a government , where three are in like authority . Triark ( triarchus ) a Master of a ship with three tops , or of a Galley that hath three orders of oares . Triarians ( triarii ) Soldiers that were alwayes set in the Rereward , and were the strongest men ; they ever fought standing , and bowing somewhat their knees , as if they would rather die , then remove their place . Tribe ( tribus ) a kindred or company , that dwell together in one Ward or Liberty ; as the people of Rome were divided into thirty five Tribes , Bands , Wards , or Hundreds ; It seems in old time the same people were divided into three parts only , and that this name Tribus did thence first arise . Tribes in Scripture signifie the posterity of the twelve Sons of Israel . Psal . 78.55 . Numb . 13.3 , 5 , 16. Tribunal ( Lat. ) a judgement-seat ; a place erected on high in form of our Pulpits , but many degrees larger , and in the midst stood the Stella Curulis , i. the Ivory chair , from whence the chief Magistrate administred Justice . Tribune ( tribunus ) the name of two chief officers in Rome ; the first was Tribune of the people who was to defend their liberties against the power of the Nobles , and for that cause had the gates of his house alwayes open both day and night , and was called tribunus plebis ; the other was called tribune of the souldiers , who had charge to see them well armed and ordered , &c. And of these there was tribunus major & minor , &c. Tribunitial ( tribunitius ) belonging to the Tribune . Tributary ( tributarius ) that pays Tribute , which is money arising out of the goods of the people , after their ability . Tricenarious ( tricenarius ) of or belonging to thirty . Tricennial ( tricennalis ) of thirty or thrice ten years . Tricliniarh ( tricliniarches ) the master of the dining chamber or room , the Usher . Tricliniar● ( tricliniarius ) pertaining to the Dining room or Parler to dine and sup in , called Triclinium ; where the guests did fit or lie along on beds about the table , as you may read at large in Goodwins Anthol . ch . de mensis & conviviis Romanorum . Tricornous ( tricornis ) which hath three hornes or is three horned . Trichotomy ( from the Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tripliciter and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sectio ) a cutting or dividing into three parts . Trident ( tridens ) Neptunes three forked mace ; and thence any weapon , tool or instrument , made of that fashion or having three teeth . Tridentiterous ( tridentifer ) that bears or carries such an instrument ; the usual Epithete of Neptune . Tridentine ( tridentinus ) pertaining to the City Trent . Triduan ( triduanus ) of three daies continuance . Triennial ( triennis ) of three years continuance . Triental ( Lat. ) a vessel containing the third part of Sextarius , half our Pint. Triental ( trientalis ) of or being four inches broad , or four ounces in weight . Trierarck ( trierarchus ) the Master of a Ship or Galley . Trieterick ( trietericus ) that is every third year . Trifallow , to plow land the third time , for the same crop . Trifarious ( trifarius ) of three manner of wayes . Triferous ( trifer ) that brings forth fruit thrice a year . Trifistulary ( trifistularis ) pertaining to three pipes . Trifole or Trifolic ( trifolium ) an herb or three-leafed grass so called . Also a trifole in Heraldry , is painted like the three-leafed grass . Trifurcous ( trifurcus ) three-forked , that hath three forkes . Trigamist ( trigamus ) he that hath had three wives . Trigeminous ( trigeminus ) threefold , three at a birth . Trigliphes ( trygliphi ) hollow gravings or borders , like three furrows , or short gutters , Masonry . A term of Architecture . Trigonal ( trigonalis ) three-cornered , that hath three corners . Tri●o ( Ital. ) an excellent grace in singing ; being an uniform trembling or shaking of the same Note , either soft and smoothly in the throat , as naturally the French do , or more strongly and artificially from the stomack , as the Italians . Trilogie ( Gr. ) a speaking or writing in three parts . Trimenstruous ( trimenstruus ) of three moneths age . Trimodial ( from trimodia ) pertaining to a measure of three bushels . Trinacrian ( trinacrius ) pertaining to the Island Sic●ly . Trine ( trinus ) of three yeers old , or pertaining to the number three . Trine Aspect . See Aspect . Trinitarians , a religious order . See Mathurins . Trinitarian hereticks , otherwise new Arians , are those that deny the blessed Trinity , and all distinction of the Divine persons , inveighing against the word Trinity , and blasphemously terming the most sacred Mystery of the Trinity , Infernalem cerberum is Lindanus testifies , in dubi●antis sui Dialogo secundo . Trinity trinitas ) the number three , or three in one . The distinction of the persons ● the unity of the God-head ; one and the self-same God in Essence , being for subsistence three , to wit , the Father , the Son , and the Holy Ghost , 1 Joh. 5.7 . And these three are one . How three remaining three , may yet be one ; and one , abiding one be three , and all this at once , is a Mystery rather to be religiously adored , then curiously sought into , requiring rather faith to believe , then reason to comprehend and judge it . Trinity-house , is a certain house at Depford neer London , which belongs to a company or Corporation of Seafaring men , that have power by the Kings Charter , to punish those that destroy Sea-marks , to correct the faults of Sailers , &c. And to take care of divers other things belonging to Navigation and the seas . Anno 8. Eliz. Cap. 13. and 35. ejusdem cap. 6. Trinobants ( trinobantes ) a people in the East part of England , by the Thames . Trinoccial ( trinoctialis ) belonging to three nights space . Trinodal ( trinodis ) that hath three knots , three knotted . Trinqu●t ( Fr. ) is properly the top or top-gallant on any mast , the highest sail of a ship ; also taken for a petty , gay thing . Triobolar ( triobolaris ) vile , of small estimation , little worth . Trinominal ( trinominalis ) that hath three names . Tripartite ( tripartitus ) divided into three parts . Tripedanious , Tripedal , ( Tripedaneus , Tripedalis ) that is three foot long , Tripery ( Fr. ) a market , shop , or street , wherein tripes are usually sold . Triplicate ( triplico ) to triple , to do or fold a thing three times . See Duplicate . Triplicity ( triplicitas ) threefold being , threefoldness . Astrologians divide the twelve signes into four Trigons or Triplicities , so called , because they are distant the third part of a circle one from the other . Tripode ( tripodium ) a three footed stool , any thing that hath three feet . Hence , Tripodical , that hath three feet , three footed . Tripoly ( tripolium ) a stone , with the pouder whereof Lapidaries and Stonecutters smooth or polish their Jewels , also a kinde of herb . Triptot● ( triptoton ) a Noun having but three cases . Tripudiate ( tripudio ) to dance , to go tripping on the toe , dancer-like . Tripudiary divination was by bread rebounding on the ground , when it was cast unto birds , or chickens . Br. Triquet or Triquetrous ( triquetrus ) having three corners , triangular . Trirem● ( triremis ) a Galley wherein every oar hath three men to it , or a Galley that hath three oars on every side . See Quinquereme . Trisagien ( Gr. ) thrice holy ; the Sanctus , Sanctus , Sanctus , mentioned in the Church-service , or Te Deum . Trismegistus ( i. ter maximus ) so called , because he was the greatest Philosopher , Priest and King , he is called also Hermes Trismegistus , and Mercurius . Tristifical ( tristificus ) that makes sad or heavy . Tristitiate ( from tristitia ) to make sad or pensive . Felth. Resol . Trisulk ( trisulcus ) having three edges , or three furrows . Trisyllabical ( trisyllabicus ) that hath three syllables . Trite ( tritus ) worn , over-worn , old , thred-bare , much used , common . Tritheites ( thritheitae ) a sort of Hereticks , that held there were three distinct God-heads in the Trinity of the persons . Triticean ( triticeus ) wheaten , of wheat . Triton , a god of the sea , also a weathercock . Triturable ( from trituro ) that may be threshed , threshable . Dr. Br. Trituration ( trituratio ) a threshing , as they do corn . Trivial ( trivialis ) common , used or taught in high wayes , of small estimation , homely . Triumph ( triumphus ) a solemn pomp or shew at the return of a Captain from a victory . Among the Romans there was Triumphus major & Minor , the lesser kinde of Triumph , was called Ovation , above , from a sheep which was in this kinde of Triumph led before him , and after sacrificed by him ; In the greater triumph ( properly so called ) the Lord General sacrificed a Bull , &c. Of the magnificence of this Triumph , see Plutarch in the Triumph of Paulus Aemilius ; And of the ceremonies of both , see Dr. Heylyn in his description of Italy . Triumphant Arches , were among the Romans erected for them onely , who , having subdued whole Provinces or conquered foreign Nations , and obtained noble Victories , seemed worthy of triumph ; and thereupon they were cal'd Triumphant Arches . Upon these Arches , for the perpetual memorial of acts atchieved , were engraven the portraiture of the very places , where the war was performed , the resemblances of Fabricks and ranged Battels , if the service was on land ; and of Ships , if it were at sea ; In Pliny's days they began first to be built , before , onely Statues and Trophees were set up , &c. Livie . Triumvirate ( triumviratus ) the office of the triumvir , or of three in the like authority ; of which there were several sorts in antient Rome , as you may read in Livie . Trochisk or Trosque ( trochischus ) a little wheel ; also a little Rundlet or Cake whereinto divers medicinable things are reduced , the better to be kept , and the readier to be used . Troglodites ( trogloditae ) people in the furthest part of Africk beyond Aethiope , that dwell under ground , go naked and eat Serpents ; of whom you may read in Herberts Travels . Tronage is a kind of Toll , Westm . 2. cap. 25. ann . 13 Ed. 1. taken ( as it seems ) for weighing : For I find in Fleta lib. 2. cap 12. Sect. Item Vlnas , that Trona is a beam to weigh with . Tromperie ( Fr. ) fraud , cozenage , deceit , circumvention , legerdemain . Trope ( Gr. Tropos , i. verborum immutatio ) is when a word is drawn from its proper and genuine signification to another . The difference between a Trope and a Figure is this ; the first relates to particular words onely , the other concerns many words or the whole frame of a sentence . The last most commonly uses words elegantly in their native signification , the other contrarywise . Tropical or Tropological ( tropicus ) that speaks or is spoken figuratively , or by tropes . Trophie ( trophoeum ) a token or monument set up in a place where enemies were vanquished , with their ensigns or other spoils hanged on it ; a sign or token of Victory , a brave , a victory of joy ; Also a frame of wood made to hang somewhat upon in manner of a funeral Hearse . Tropicks ( tropici ) two imagined circles in the Heavens of equal distance on either side from the Aequator ; The one called the Tropick of Cancer , the other of Capricorne , to the first the Sun cometh about 12 June , to the other about 12 December . They are called Tropicks of the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to turn ; because when the Sun comes to either of them , he turns his course either higher , having been at the lowest ; or lower , having been at the highest . Min. Tropology ( tropologia ) a figurative kinde of speaking , or a speaking by Tropes . Trosque . See Trochisk . Trover ( from the Fr. trouver ; i. to find ) is an Action at Law , which lies against a man , that having found anothers goods , refuseth to deliver them upon demand , &c. See the New Book of Entries , verbo Trover . Troy Weight contains twelve ounces in the pound ; by which Gold , Silver , Precious stones and Bread are weighed . See Weights . Trowel ( from the Fr. Truelle ) an instrument that Masons and Bricklayers use to dawb Mortar . Truand ( Fr. ) a common Beggar , a lazy Rascal , a Vagabond ; a Schollar that loyters from School or neglects his Book . Truch-man or Teriuman ( Fr. Trucheman , Span. Truchaman , or Truiaman , Ital. Torcimanno ) an Interpreter , a Drogoman . Trucidation ( trucidatio ) a cruel killing or murdering . Truculent ( truculentus ) cruel in countenance and menacing , rough , terrible . Truel . See Trowel . Trullissation ( trullissatio ) a pargetting or plaistering with mortar or loam . Truncation ( truncatio ) a cutting a thing shorter ; a maiming , a mangling . Trunck ( truncus ) a stump , a stem , stock , or body of a tree without the boughs ; a body without a head ; a block-head or Dunce . Trutinate ( trutino ) to weigh or examine , to consider throughly of a thing . Tube ( tuba ) the Pipe , through which the marrow of the Backbone runs ; also a Trumpet or any long Pipe. Tuberous ( tuberus ) full of bunches , swellings , wens or knots . Tubicinate ( tubicino ) to sound the Trumpet . Tubulatio● ( tubulatio ) a making hollow like pipes , swelling or puffing out . Tudiculate ( tudiculo ) to pound or bruise ; to work as Smiths do with a hammer ; to engrave . Tuel , the fundament of a Beast . A term in hunting . Tuition ( tuitio ) defending , safe keeping , protection . Tulipant , a roll or wreath commonly of linnen , which the Indians wear on their heads instead of hats , a shash . Herb. Tr. Tullianum ( Lat. ) a dark and stinking dungeon or common prison in old Rome built or enlarged by King Tullius , from whom it took name . Tumbrel , is an Engine of punishment , which ought to be in every Liberty , that hath view of Frank Pledge , for the brideling of Scoulds and unquiet women . Kitch . fol. 13. a. called also a Cucking-stool . Tumefie ( tumefacio ) to make to swell or puff up . Tumid ( tumidus ) risen , swollen , puffed up ; also proud , haughty . Tumor ( Lat. ) a swelling , rising , or puffing up of the flesh , by reason of some malicious matter or ill humor ; loftiness , pride . Tumulate ( tumulo ) to make the ground hollow , to bury , to intomb . Tumultuary ( tumultuarius ) done in haste without advisement , suddenly , and without fear , hasty , disorderly . Tumultuous ( tumultuosus ) full of business and trouble , seditious , mutinous , full of broil . Tun , a measure of Oyle , Wine , &c. containing Two hundred fifty two Gallons , 1 R. 3.12 . In weight it is commonly Twenty hundred . Tunick or Tunicat ( tunica ) a Jerkin , Jacket or sleeveless coat , formerly worn by Princes ; Also a skin or coat that covers the eye , whereof there are four sorts . 1. Cornea , which is white and resembles an horn . 2. Vvea , which is like a grape kernel . 3. Vitrea , which resembles glass . 4. Christallina , which resembles christal in clearness . Tho. Tunicle ( tunicula ) a little jacket or coat ; Also a Membrane or thin skin covering any part of the body , as Tunicat . Turbant , A Turkish hat , or Ornament for the head , of white and fine linnen , wreathed into a rundle , broad at the bottom to enclose the head , and lessening for ornament towards the top ; The custom of wearing it , had this origen ; The barbarous people having the Grecian Army once at a great advantage at or near the Hill Thermopylae , there was no other remedy , but some few must make good a narrow passage , while the main of the Army might escape ; which some brave Spirits undertook , and knowing they went to an inevitable death , had care of nothing but sepulture , of old much regarded ; wherefore each of them carried his winding sheet wrapt about his head , and then with loss of their own lives , saved their fellows ; whereupon for an honorable memorial of their exploit , the Levantines used to wrap white linnen about their heads , and the fashion so derived upon the Turk . Sir Hen. Blounts voyage fol. 18. See Shash . Turbar●e , is an interest to dig tu●ff upon a Common . Kitch . fol. 94. Old Nat. brev . fol. 70. Turbination ( turbinatio ) the fashioning a thing like a top , broad above , and small beneath . Turbineous ( turbineus ) belonging to a storm or blustering winde , whirling round . Turb●h mineral , a certain red powder ( made according to the Paracelsian practice ) which is used against the French disease . Turbulent ( turbulentus ) troubleous , angry , full of contention , busie , seditious . Turgent ( turgens ) swelling , rising , strouting out . Turgescence ( from turgesco ) a swelling up or growing or waxing big ; a swelling for anger . Turgid ( turgidus ) swollen , or puffed up , rising in state ; big , strouting out . Turgie ( theurgia ) white magick ; a pretended conference with good spirits or Angels . Sir Wal. Ral. lib. 1. fol. 178. Turn , is the Sheriffs Court kept twice a year , viz. within a moneth after Easter , and again after Michaelmas . Magna Charta , ca. 35. And 3 Ed. 3. cap. 15. Turneament or Tourneament , is a martial exercise of Knights or Souldiers combating one with another in disport on horseback , and is thus defined . Torneamenta dicuntur Nundinae vel feriae , in quibus milites ex condicto convenire & ad ostentationem virium suarum & audaciae , timerè congredi solent . The word is used in the Statute of 24 H. 8. cap. 13. And the reason of the name may proceed from the French ( Tourner , i. vertere ) because it consists much in agility both of horse and man. It was much in request with us in Queen Elizabetbs reign , being otherwise called Justing or Tilting . Turpentine ( Br. Twrpenti , Lat. Terebinthyna ) a fair , clear and moist kinde of Rosin , which issues out of the Larx and Turpentine tree ; It is good to be put into ointments , and Emplaisters , for it cleanses and heals wounds ; It may be also licked in with honey , and then it cleanses the Breast , and gently looseth the belly , provoking urine , and driving out the stone and gravel . Turpify ( turpifico ) to make unclean or dishonest . Turpitude ( turpitudo ) dishonesty , villany , deformity . Turriferous ( turrifer ) that bears a Tower. Tuscan-work ; In Architecture there are five orders of Pillars , The Tuscan Dorique , Jonique , Corinthian , Composite or Italian . See Sir Hen. Wottons Elements of Architecture , pag. 206 , and 209. The Tuscan is a plain , massie , rural Pillar , resembling some sturdy , wel-limb'd laborer , homely clad ; the length of it ought to be six Diameters of the grossest of the Pillars below . Tutelar Tutelarie ( tutelaris ) belonging to a Guardian , or to the custody of a Ward , or to protection and defence . Tutele ( tutela ) wardship , guardianship , custody of a child in nonage ; also safe keeping , defending , protection . Tutelina , the Goddess having the protection of Corn. Tutie ( tutia ) a medicinable stone or dust , said to be the heavier foil of Brass , cleaving to the upper sides and tops of brasse-melting houses ; and such ordinary Apothecaries pass away for Tutie ; whereas the true Tutie is not heavy , but light , and white like flocks of wool , falling into dust , so soon as it is touched ; this is bred of the sparkles of brazen furnaces , whereinto store of the mineral Calamine hath been cast . Cot. Tut-mouther , he that hath the Chin and nether Jaw sticking out further then the upper . Twait ( an old Law word ) signifies a wood grubbed up and turned to arrable . Cokes Instit . 4. b. Tuysco was the most antient and peculiar Idol-god of all the old Germans , from whence they called themselves Tuy●hen , that is , Duytshes or Duytsh-people ; and the day which yet among us retains the name of ( Tu●sday ) was especially dedicated to this Idol . See its posture in Verstegan , pag. 57. Twelf-day ( dies duedecimus or Epiphania ) the feast of the Epiphany of our blessed Saviour ; so called , because it is the twelfth day after the Nativity exclusively . See Epiphany . Twibil ( Belg. Tweebill ) an instrument used by Carpenters to make mortiseholes . Twilight ( Belg. Twee-light ) cockshoot time either in the morning or evening , when t is betwixt day and night , or betwixt two lights , that is of the Sun and the Moon . Tyber●ade , a Topograph , the model or draught of a place ; called so of a book of that name , composed by Bartholus the Lawyer , who was the first that graced his works with such figures . Tydder . See Theodore . Tymariots . See Timariots Tympany ( tympanites ) a disease , wherein the body waxing lean , the belly swels up , having great store of wind and windy humors , gathered together between its inner skin and the guts , which being smitten with the hand , make a noise like a Taber . Tympane ( tympanum ) a Tymbrel , Tabor , Drum or Drumstale ; Also an instrument of a Printers Press whereon he lays the sheet that is to be printed ; so called , because it is made of parchment , and being strucken on , will sound like a Taber . Tympanism ( tympanismus ) a kind of torturing , used by the Jews , by beating one to death with Cudgels or Drum-sticks , Heb. 11.25 . 2 Mac. 6.19 . Tympanist ( tympanista ) a Drumster or Taberer ; also one sick of a Tympany , or one that 's well skil'd in curing that disease . Tympa●itical ( tympaniticus ) that hath a Tympany or Dropsie . Tympanize ( tympanizo ) to play on a Drum , Taber or Tymbrel . Typographer ( typographus ) a Printer . Typography ( typographia ) the art of Printing . Type ( typus ) a figure , under which is signified some other thing ; an example , a likeness , the shadow of a thing . Typical ( typicus ) mystical , or that which serves as a shadow or figure of another thing . Typocosmy ( Gr. ) a figure or type of the world . Tyrannicide ( tyrannicidium ) the murdering a Tyrant , cruel Lord or Ruler . Tyrianthine ( tyrianthinus ) belonging to purple . Tyromancy ( Gr. ) divination by a cheese . Cot. Tyrone ( tyro ) a fresh water Soldier ; a young beginner in any art or science , a Novice . Tyrociny ( tyrocinium ) the first exercise in any thing , an Apprentiship , a first beginning . Tytan . See Titan. V VAcant ( vacans ) empty , void , having nothing to do . Vacancy Vacation ( vacatio ) a time of ceasing from labor or common business , leasure , exemption ; Vacation hath a special signification in this Nation , being used for all that time respectively , which passeth between Term and Term at London , which every Almanack will tell you . And when such times begun and ended in our Ancestors days , See Roger Hovedens annals , parte posteriori . fol. 343 a. where you shall finde this intermission was called Pax Dei & Ecclesiae . Vaccarie alias Vacharie ( vaccaria ) is a house or ground to keep Cows in , a Cow-pasture . Fleta lib. 1. cap. 41. a word of common use in Lancashire . Vacillation ( vacillatio ) a wagging or wavering ; looseness , inconstancy . Vacive ( vacivus ) empty , void ; as aedes vacivae , houses that stand void without a Tenant , or having all voided out of them . Vacuity ( vacuitas ) emptiness , voidness , clearness , freedom from . Vacuum ( Lat. ) an empty or void place . Bac. Vacuna , The Goddess of rest . Vadelet or Vadelect ( from the Fr. Vallet ) signifies a servant , and is used in the accounts of the Inner Temple , for a Benchers Clerk or Servant . The Butlers of the house corruptly call them Varlets . Vadimony ( vadimonium ) a promise or bond to appear before a Judge at a day appointed ; also the day of appearance , a suretiship . Vafrous ( vafer ) subtle , crafty , slie , guileful . Vagabond ( vagabundus ) one that wanders about , an idle fellow . Vagation ( vagatio ) a wandring , straying or ranging up and down . Vagenate ( vagino ) to sheath . Vaginipennous ( from vaginnipennes ) pertaining to such Flies which have their wings closed , as it were in sheaths and cases , as the Beetle hath . Dr. Br. Vaile-bonnet , to put off the Hat , to strike sail , to give sign of submission . Vaived . See Vayvod . Vald'ombre or Val●mbreux , a sort of Religious , begun by John Gualbert , a Florentine , about the year 1040. who betaking himself to the study of Religion , retired to a place in the Appennine , called Val ombreux or the shady vale ; his followers wear a smoaky coloured habir , and follow the rule of Saint Bennet . Heyl. Vale ( from valeo ) farewel , God be with you , God keep you in health . Valenti● ( valentia ) puissance , might , power , strength . Valentines , are either Saints chosen for special Patrons for a year , according to the use of the Romanists ; or men or women chosen for special loving friends by an antient custom upon Saint Valentines Day , the Fourteenth of February ; about which day birds choose their mates . Valentinians , certain Heretiques so called from Valentinianus their first Master , who held , our Saviour received not flesh of the blessed Virgin Mary ; And therefore was wont to say , Jesus , born by the Virgin , not of , &c. Valerian Law ( Lex Valeria ) made it lawful to kill him that took upon him the Magistracy without the command of the people . Valet ( Fr. ) a Groom , Yeoman or Houshold-servant of the meaner sort . In old time it was a Title for all young Gentlemen in France , till they came to eighteen years of age . Valetudinary ( valetudinarium ) a place where sick men lye , a sick mans lodging , an Hospital for sick persons ; or the place where they get health . Valetudinary ( valetudinarius ) subject to sickness , sickly , often sick , crasie ; also one recovering out of sickness . Valid ( validus ) strong , valiant , mighty , puissant . Validation ( validatio ) a strengthening , inforcement , confirming ; an establishing or ratifying . Validity ( validitas ) might , strength , force , power . Valves ( valvae ) folding doors or windows . Van or Vanquard ( Fr. Avantguard ) the fore-ward in a battel . Vancurriers ( Fr. Avant-coureurs ) forerunners . Vaniloquence ( vaniloquentia ) idle talk , vain babling . Vapid ( vapidus ) that gives an ill smack , that casts a vapour or ill savour , stinking . Vapor ( Lat. ) a hot breath , reaking or moisture issuing out of a thing . A Vapor is defined to be a certain watery thing , and yet is not water ; it is as it were a fume or smoak which will easily be resolved into water . Vaporation ( vaporatio ) a casting of vapours or hot breath ; also a sweating or reaking . Vaporiferous ( vaporifer ) that makes or stirs up vapours . Vapulation ( vapulatio ) a beating or scourging . Variegation ( variegatio ) a garnishing with divers colours . Varry or Verry ( Fr. vaire ) a term in Heraldry and signifies that which is diversified with argent and azure ; as the fur of Ermines powdered thick with blew hairs . Varvels ( Fr. Vervelles ) are like little rings of silver about Hawks legs , whereon the owners name is inscribed . Vasiferous ( vasifer ) that carries a vessel . Vasselage ( Fr. ) subjection , the duty or estate of a vassal or slave . Among the ancient Romans 't was used for valor and a worthy deed . Vastation ( vastatio ) a wasting , spoiling or destroying . Vastity ( vastitas ) excessive greatness , destruction , destroying . Vatican ( vaticanus ) the chief Library in Rome , called also the Palatine , founded by Pope Sixtus the fourth , who not onely stored it with the choisest books he could pick out of Europe , but allowed also a large revenue for its perpetual augmentation . It is so called from the Hill Vatican , where the Library stands ; And that Hill was so called from ●aticinium , i. a foretelling ; because it was famous for many divinations and prophesies uttered upon it . Vaticinate ( vaticinor ) to Prophecy or Divine ; to conjecture or foretel . Vaticiny ( Vaticinium ) a prophecy ; a foretelling . Vaticinian ( vaticinius ) pertaining to prophecying or divining , or to those that practise it , prophetical . Vavasour or Valvasour , is one that in dignity is next a Baron . Cam. Brit. pag. 109. It is also the name of an ancient family in the North of England . Sometimes it is abusively taken in ill part , for a jolly fellow , or a great man. V●udevil ( Fr. ) a Country ballad or song , a Roundelay or Virelay ; so tearmed of Vaudevire , a Norman Town wherein Oliver Bassel , the first inventer of them , lived ; also a vulgar Proverb , a Country or common saying . Vauntcouters . See van-curriers . Vauntlay ( from the Fr. Avaunt , i. before , and lay ) a tearm of hunting , when hounds are set in readiness where they think a chase will pass , and cast off before the rest of the kennel come in . Vaward the formost part of an army in battel . See Vanguard . Va●vode , a title of dignity in Transilvania , Walachia , &c. Vberate ( ubero ) to make plenteous and fruitfull ; to fatten or give suck with the breast . Vberou● ( uber ) fertile , fruitfull , plentifull , abundant , copious , ample , great . Vberty ( ubertas ) plentifulness , fertility , store , abundance . Vbication ( from ubi ) the being in a place , the locality of a thing . Tr. of Schism . Vbiquitary ( from ubique ) that is every where , or in all places . Vbiquitarians or Vbiquitarii , a late Sect , ( ranked by some among those , called Semilutherans ) holding that Christs body is every where as well as his Divinity ; in which kind of Doctrine one Johannes Boedeker was eminent . Vbiquity ( ubiquitas ) a being every where and in all places . Vecordy ( vecordia ) madness , trouble of minde , folly , doting . Vectarious ( vectarius ) belonging to a coach , waggon or any carriage . Vectible ( vectibilis ) that is or may be carried . Vectigal ( vectigalis ) that pays or pertains to paying tribute , subsidy , pension or rent . Also used substantively for toll , impost-money or tribute it self . Vection ( vectio ) a carrying or portage . Vectitation ( vectitatio ) an often carriage . Vectorian ( vectorius ) apt to carry , serving for carriage . Vegetals Vegetables ( vegetabilia ) is a general name for all things that live and grow . Vegetable ( vegetabilis ) able to live and increase in growth , as plants or other living things . Vegetation ( vegetatio ) a making strong , lively and quick , a refreshing or comforting . Vegetive ( vegetus ) that liveth and groweth ; whole , strong , quick , lively . Vehicle ( vehiculum ) a Cart , Wain , Wagon , or Chariot ; a general name for all things serving to carry . Vehicular ( vehicularis ) pertaining to any instrument or engine of carriage . Vein ( vena ) a vein in the body , an artery , a pulse ; yet every vein is not a pulse , though every pulse be a vein ; the several kindes whereof follow . Adipal or Adiposous veins ( venae adiposae ) are two veins , a right ( sometimes a branch of the right kidney-vein ) and a left one ( ever a branch of the descendant trunk of the hollow vein ) which particularly nourish the fat and skin that 's about the kidney , and generally breed fat in those parts by which they run . Arterial vein ( vena arterialis ) is one of the four principal veins of mans body , issuing from the right ventricle of the heart , the blood whereof it carries to the lungs for their nourishment . Auricular vein ( vena auricularis ) the ear vein , which runs up along by the kernels which are under the ear , and is there divided into two branches , the one whereof mounts up before the ear , and the other behinde it ; Chirurgions open it against deafness , pain , and ulcerations of the ears . Axilary vein ( vena axillaris ) a great and large vein , which , being a branch of vena cava , is conveyed under the canel bone , and through the Arm-hole into the inner seat of the arm , where 't is dispersed . Basilick vein ( vena basilica ) the liver vein , which issues from the second main ascendant branch of vena cava , and is divided into two branches , a deep and a superficial one ; the later whereof being neer the inward process of the Arm , and very neer the skin , is divided into other two ; ( viz. ) a less which runs into the head vein , and together with it makes the Median or middle vein , whilest the greater passes along by the elbow , to the hand , and there makes the Salvatella . Bena cava ( Lat. ) the hollow vein which is a great one , issuing from the thickest part of the liver , and then divided into two main branches ; and they into many others . Cephalick vein ( vena cephalica ) the head vein which springs out of the Axillar vein , and passeth between the first and second muscle of the shoulder , stretcheth to the outmost parts , and there lies evident aloft . Thom. Cervical vein vena cervicalis ) the vein of the brains which passes by the cross processes of the neck-joynt , up to the film or thin skin , which is next the brain , and there ends . Celiacal vein ( vena coeliaca ) the blinde vein , a second branch of the Mesenteri●ue vein , runs unto the blinde gut , and there ends in many branches . Common vein . See Median vein . Coronal vein ( vena coronalis ) the Crown-vein ; a branch of the spleen-vein , so termed because it environs the heart in manner of a Crown . Crural vein ( vena cruralis ) the thigh-vein , a great vein which issues from the trunk descendant of the hollow vein . Cystique vein ( vena cystica ) a small , and sometimes double , sometimes single branch of the Port vein , whence it mounts to the neck of the gall , and there divides if self into two branches . Diaphragmatick veine ( venae diaphragmaticae ) the midriff veins ; two several branches of the hollow vein , from which they run into the midriff , and there end . Emulgent vein . See Emulgent . Epigastrick veins ( venae Epigastricae ) an outward and an inward branch of the slanck-veins , both which , after divers passages at length joyn themselves unto those that belong to the dugs . Dexter Epiploick vein ( vena Epiploica ) the second branch of the spleen vein , goes to the Epiploon and the gut colon ; Also a fourth branch of the spleen vein , which , ending towards the upper part of the Epiploon , is called Epiploick , but with the addition of Posterior . Frontal vein ( vena frontalis ) the forehead vein , a third branch of the outward throat vein , whence , mounting by the bottom of the nether jaw , it comes into the lips and nose , and thence ascends by the inside of the eye to the middle of the forehead . Garter or gartering vein is a fourth branch of the thigh vein , from which it descends , among the back muscles of the thigh , unto the bought of the ham , where it gets this name . Gastrepioloick vein ( vena gastrepiploica ) the third branch of the trunck of the Port vein , issuing side-wayes out of the right side thereof , and spreading abroad in the bottom of the ventricle . Gastrick vein ( vena gastrica ) the belly vein ; a branch of the Port vein , from which it descends to the hollow part and backside of the ventricle ; There is also another called the Petty-Gastrick , which is the first branch of the Spleen vein , and goes to the right side of the ventricle . Hederiform vein ( vena hederiformis ) a certain vein which passes down along by the sides of the womb . Hemorrhoidal vein ( vena hemorrhois ) the first branch of the Mesenterick , which runs to and ends at the Colon and strait gut , sometimes it issues from the Spleen vein . Hepatick or liver vein ( vena hepatica ) the great carrying vein , which proceeds out of the hollow part of the liver . Humeral vein ( vena humeralis ) the shoulder vein . See Cephalick vein . Hipogastrick vein ( vena hypogostrica ) the third branch of the flanck veins , and is it self divided into divers branches , the first whereof runs to the yard , bladder and strait gut , and thence to the bottom of the fundament , others to the Matrix , and others , after a long course , go down almost to the ham . Iliack veins ( venae Ilicae ) the slanck veins ; two main descendant branches of the hollow vein , a right and a left one , from either of which , five others issue , the right one is opened against the dropsie and other diseases of the liver ; the left for the passion of the Spleen . Intercostal vein ( vena intercostalis ) the fourth branch of the trunck ascendant of the hollow vein ; It feeds three distances between the upper ribs . Intestinal vein ( vena intestinalis ) a fourth branch of the Port vein , from the posterior and right part whereof it issues and communicates it self sometime to the hungry gut . Iujular veins ( vena jugulares ) the two throat or neck veins , ( viz. ) an outward one , which is sometimes double , and mounts along the sides of the neck to the bottom of the head , where it is divided into five branches ; And an inward one , which ascends along by the wind-pipe to the bottom of the brain , and is there divided into two branches . Labial veins ( venae labiosae ) the lip veins , whereof there are two on each inner side , both of the upper and under lip . Lumbar vein ( vena lumbosa ) the vein of the loins , the fourth branch of the descendant trunk of Vena cava , divided , neer its source , into divers parts , all which bestow themselves among the joynts of the loins . Mammal vein ( vena mammalis ) is double , an inward and an outward one , distributed among the parts of the brest . Matricious vein ( vena matricis ) the matrix vein , or a vein that runs along the flanck neer the Reins . Median vein ( vena mediana ) the middle , common or black vein ; compounded of the two less branches of the liver and head-veins , and running along the middle of the arm , almost to the wrist , where it passeth in the form of a Y into the hand ; There is likewise another of this name under the instep . Meseraik veins . See Mesenterique . Mesenterique veins ( venae mesentericae ) two veins , one a branch of the Port vein , ends at the Mesentery , but is formerly divided into three branches , whereof the other is the third , and called so , because it likewise ends at the Mesentery in some fourteen or fifteen branches . Musculous vein ( vena musculosa ) the first branch of the flanck veins , tearmed thus because it communicates it self with divers muscles above the belly and loins . Nasal vein ( vena nasalis ) the nose vein , seated between the nostrils . Ocular vein ( vena ocularia ) the eye vein , that part of the frontal vein , which runs along by the inside of the eye . Organick veins , as Iliack veins . Pericardick vein ( vena pepericardica ) the second branch of one of the two main ascendant branches of the hollow vein ; whence it runs to the Pericardium , and there ends . Popletick vein ( vena poplitis ) the ham-vein . See Garter vein . Port vein ( vena porta ) the carrying vein , seated in the liver by divers roots , which at length joyn in one stock or trunk , and so pass forth into the Ventricle , Spleen , Gall , Mesentery , and other parts of the body . Ranular veins ( vena runularis ) the first branch of the outward throat vein , ascends to the tongue , and parts in two , under each side thereof . Renal veins ( vena renum ) the kidney veins ; two thick and short branches of the descendent trunk of the hollow vein , a right and a left one , divided into seven or eight others ( when they come neer the kidney , into the substance whereof they enter ) there is likewise anothe of this name seated under the instep . Sacred vein ( vena sacra ) the second branch of the flanck vein running to the Os sacrum , and thence getting this name . Salvatel vein ( salvatella ) is made of the two bigger branches of the liver and head veins , from which it runs through the wrist into the hand , and unto the root or division of the third and little fingers . Saphen vein ( saphena ) the mother Vein ; the first branch of the thigh vein , consisting of two divisions , the one inward , which ends among the inner kernels of the thigh , the other more outward , hath three branches , the first ends in the skin of the thigh , the second goes but to the knees , the third to the muscles of the leg , whence running along , above the inner ankle ( where it is most opened and known by this name ) it comes to the sole of the foot , and there ends . Sciatique vein ( vena sciatica ) is a branch of the thigh vein , which descends down the leg to the outward ankle , where it is commonly opened for the Sciatica , and thereupon gets this name . Spermatick vein ( vena spermatica ) the third branch of the trunk descendant of the hollow vein . Splenitick vein ( vena splenitica ) the Spleen vein , one of the two main branches of the Port vein , from which it runs to the spleen , and there ends , divided into four parts . Stomachick vein ( vena stomachica ) the stomack vein runs to the hollow part of the ventricle , and there ends in two branches . Subclavicular vein ( vena Subclavicularis ) one of the two main ascendant branches of the hollow vein , divided into six parts . Sural vein ( vena suralis ) one of the two main branches of the thigh vein , most eminent in the bought of the knee , from whence it bestows and loses it self among the muscles of the calf of the leg . Temporal vein ( vena temporalis ) the vein of the Temples , opened for the Megrim , pain of the ears , and extraordinary watering of the eyes . Thorachique vein ( vena thoracis ) the brest vein , which is divided into two branches , both which bestow themselves among the muscles of of the Thorax or brest . Thymick vein ( vena thymica ) the first branch of the subclavicular ) goes to the fag peece or kernel , which is under the kannel bone . Torcular vein ( vena torcularia ) the second branch of the outward throat vein , from which it ascends by the inside of the scull to the brain , which it moistens and feeds . Vmbilical vein ( vena umbilica ) is that whereby an infant in the womb receives nourishment , and which ( it being born ) closes it self , and serves as a ligament to settle the liver to the navel . Veliferous ( velifer ) that bears sail , or is under sail , as a ship . Velification ( velificatio ) a sailing forwards , or hoysting sail ; a course or voyage . Velifical ( velificus ) that is done with sails displayed or full spread . Velitation ( velitatio ) skermishing by leaping from place to place , brawling , bickering in words . Velivolant ( velivolans ) running and ( as it were ) flying with with full sail . Velleity ( from velle the infinitive mood of volo , to will ) an inclination of the will ; a kinde of willing or desiring , or ( as the vulgar say ) a wishing and woulding . Vellication ( vellicatio ) a plucking , pulling , lugging ; also a carping at , depraving or detracting . Velocity ( velocitas ) swiftness , quickness , nimbleness . Venal ( venalis ) set to sale , that doth or speaketh what one will for money , that will be bribed and sell his faith for money . Lo. Herb. Venality ( venalitas ) vendibleness , a being saleable ; a letting or setting to sale . Vena porta . See Port Vein in Vein . Venalitious ( venalitius ) belonging to the sale of men or children , or of slaves ; that is to be bought or sold . Venarie ( from venor ) the sport of hunting or chasing wilde beasts . Venatick ( venaticus ) belonging to hunting or chasing . Venation ( venatio ) a hunting or chasing . Venator ( Lat. ) a hunter or huntsman . Venatorious ( venatorius ) belonging to hunting and chasing , serving for that game . Vendible ( vendibilis ) saleable , easie , ready or fit to be sold . Vendicate ( vendico ) to claim or challenge to himself . Venditation ( venditatio ) a vain ostentation , a glorious bragging , shew or setting forth . Vendition ( venditio ) a sale or selling . Venefice ( veneficium ) the art or craft of poysoning ; poysoning , sorcery . Venefick Veneficial Veneficious ( veneficus ) that poysoneth ; venemous , poysonfull . Veneniferous ( venenifer ) that bears poyson , venemous . Venenous ( venenosus ) full of poyson or venom . Venerate ( veneror ) to reverence , worship or honor . Venereal Venereous ( venereus ) disposed to lechery ; lecherous , lustful , fleshly , lascivious . Venereal disease , See Morbus Gallicus . Venerie ( venus , eris ) carnal lust , lechery , fleshly wantonness , carnality . Venew . See Venue . Veniable ( from venia ) pardonable . Dr. Br. Venial ( venialis ) that may be forgiven without much difficulty , pardonable . Sin is either original or actual ; the first is a privation of original justice , which we inherit from our first parent Adam , being all by course of nature conceived and born in that privation or original sin ; The latter is a thought , word or deed contrary to the Law of God and this Actual sin is , by many Divines , divided into mortal and venial ; Mortal sin they account any great offence against the charity of God or our neighbour , and to be so called , because it kills the soul ; and robs it of the spiritual life of grace ; Venial sin , is any small and pardonable offence against God or our neighbour , as the stealing an apple or a pin ; an idle word or such like . Vent ( ventus ) wind , a blast , air , breath ; also a bruit or report ; a place for air to come in and out at . Ventilet ( a diminitive of vent a little wine , a small puff , gentle gale , coole blast of winde . Ventiduct ( from ventus and duco ) a conduit or conveyance of winde , as an Aqueduct is of water . Ventilate ( ventilo ) to gather winde , to give a vent , to fan or winnow corn ; Also to turn out of one hand into another . Ventoy ( from the Fr. ventau ) a fan . Ventosity ( ventositas ) windiness . Ventricle ( ventriculus ) the place wherein the meat sent from the stomack is digested ; some use it for Epigastrium , others take it for the stomack it self ; a little belly . Ventricles of the heart , are two large holes , one on the right , the other on the left side thereof , that , the greater and closed within a slender flesh , contains the natural blood ; this , of a harder substance , contains the blood wherewith our Arteries are nourished ; and thereupon that is called the bloody , this , the spiritual Ventricle . Ventriloquist ( ventriloquus ) one that hath an evil spirit speaking in his belly , or one that by use and practise can speak as it were out of his belly , not moving his lips . Ventripoten● ( ventripotens ) big-paunch'd , belly-able , huge-gutted . Venue or Visu● ( from vicinus ) a Law term , of frequent use , and signifies the next or neighboring place to that , where any thing that comes to be tried , is supposed to be done . 35 H. 8.6 . Venundate ( venundo ) to buy and sell . Venus , the goddess of lust ; also lust it self , venerie , unchastness , lechery ; also ( among Alchimists ) the mettal copper ; also one of the seven Planets See Saturn , the day or mornin Star. Venus Escuage , is used for Knights ( or nights ) service to Ladies . Quid facies , facies Veneris cum veneris ante : Ne sedeas , sed eas , ne pereas per eas . Venustate ( venusto ) to make beautiful , fair or sightly . Vepricosous ( vepricosus ) full of briars or brambles . Veracity ( veracitas ) a speaking truth , or the quality or vertue of saying truth . Verbal ( verbalis ) that is of , or that descends of a word ; In Grammer those words are called Verbals which come from some verb , as amabilis from amo . Lector , from Lego , &c. Verbality ( verbalitas ) a belongingness to a word or verb ; a fulness of words . Verbatim ( Lat. ) word by word , that which is precisely spoken , according as it was delivered before . Verberable ( verberabilis ) that may be , or is worthy to be beaten . Verberate ( verbero ) to beat , punish , or strike . Verbigerate ( verbigero ) to speak , to talk , to noise abroad . Verbosity ( verbositas ) much talking or speaking , talkativeness . Verdan ( from the Fr. verd ) green , fresh , lively , new , in prime . Verd-grease or vert-gr●ce● , a green substance made of the rust of Brass or Copper , which hath been hanged certain dayes over strong vinegar ; It is of a fretting nature , and therefore to be used with great discretion . Verderer or Verdor ( Fr Verdier ) a Judicial Officer of the Kings Forrest ; a great part of whose office is touching the vert , i. the wood and grass in the Forest . Verde or Verdea , a kind of white Muscadine wine , made in Toscany , which is sometimes brought into England in bottles . Verdict ( veredictum ) is the answer of a Jury or Inquest , made upon any cause civil or criminal , committed by the Court to their consideration or tryal : And this Verdict is two-fold , either general or special : Stawnf . pl. Cor. lib. 3. cap. 9. Verditure , is one of the names of green Colour among Painters , whereof they have four most u●ual ; Green Bice , Verditure , Vert Greece , Sap-green . Verdure ( Fr. Verdeur ) greenness or green things , as herbs , &c. a raw or natural sowrness in wine , fruits , &c. Verecund Verecundous ( verecundus ) modest , shamefac'd , demure , bashfull . Verdo● , a term in Heraldry , when a bordure is charged with leaves , fruits , flowers and the like . Verge ( Fr. ) a rod , yard , or wand ; also a Sergeants Verge or Mace : It is also used for the compass about the Kings Court that bounds the jurisdiction of the Lord Steward and Coroner of his House , and seems to have been twelve miles compass . Anno 13. R. 2. Stat. 1. cap. 3. Fitzh . Nat. Br. fol. 241. B. Britton . fol. 68. b. 69. a. Fleta lib. 2. cap. 2. and Cokes Reports lib. 4. fol. 47. a. For this see the Statute of 33 Hen. 8. cap. 12. But Fleta saith , this compass about the Court is called Virgata , à virga , quam Marishallus portat ut signum suae potestatis . lib. 2. cap. 4. Sect. 1. Verge hath also another signification , being used for a stick or rod , whereby one is admitted Tenant , who , holding it in his hand , swears fealty to the Lord of a Mannor , and for that cause is called Tenant by the the Verge . Old. Nat. Br. fol. 77. Verger ( Fr. or Virger from Virga ) one that bears a Verge or white wand before a Magistrate , &c. Vergobert ( Fr. ) a Mayor or Burgomaster ; Among the ancient Heduanes it was an yearly elected chief Officer or Magistrate that had power of life and death . Veridical ( veridicus ) that says or speaks truth . Veriloquy ( veriloquium ) the true exposition of a word , the Etymology or right meaning of a word ; Also a Speech , or Report . Veriloquent , as Veridical . Verisimility ( verisimilitas ) great likelihood , or true likeness of a thing . Dr Br. Vermiculated ( vermiculatus ) eaten with worms ; also embroidered , wrought with checquer work , or with small pieces of divers colours , representing sundry pictures , as we see in Tables and Counters . Vermillion ( Fr. Vermillon ) a ruddy colour , made of Brimstone and Quicksilver ; Also Gules in Armory . See Cinnaber . Vermination ( verminatio ) a disease with worms , properly in cattle , a vehement ache by the wringing of the Guts , as if they were gnawn with worms . Vermiparous ( vermiparus ) that brings forth , or breeds worms . Dr Br. Vernaccia ( Ital. ) a kind of wine like Malmsey , drunk much in Rome . Vernaculous ( vernaculus ) that is born and brought up in our own house , that takes beginning in our own Country ; Proper , natural . Vernal ( vernalis ) belonging to the Spring of the year . Vernant ( vernans ) springing or waxing green , as herbs do , burgeoning . Vernility ( vernilitas ) flattery , servile or slavish behavior . Verrey . See Varry . Verrucous ( verrucosus ) full of warts , hillocks or knaps . Versable Versatile ( versatilis ) that turns , or may be turned , turned or wounden one about another . Bac. Versation ( versatio ) a turning or winding . Versicle ( versiculus ) a little verse or line ; a short song or sentence . Versify ( versifico ) to make verses . Version ( versio ) a turning or translating . Versutiloquent ( versutiloquus ) a crafty talker , one using words craftily . Vert ( Fr. verd , i. green ) green colour in Heraldry . In the Forrest Laws it signifies every thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the Forrest that may cover and hide a Deer . See Manwoods , 2. part . fol. 6. a. and fol. 33. b. Vert Greece . See Verdi-greece . Vertible ( vertibilis ) that may be turned . Vertical ( from vertex , icis ) wavering , inconstant , apt to change or turn ; also standing right over the head . Vertical Circle . See Azimuth . Vertical point , is the Zenith , or point of the Firmament , directly over ones head . Verticallit● , the being of a thing directly over ones head . Vetricity , the top of a thing , or an aptness to turn . Vertigious Vertig●ous ( vertiginosus ) a giddy , dizzle , turning round , or that hath the disease Vertigo . Vertig● ( Lat. ) a dizziness , giddiness or swimming in the head ; a disease in the head , caused by winde , wherein the Patient thinks all things turn round ; a whirling or turning about . Vertumra●s , Feasts dedicated to , or Books treated of the god Vertumnus . Broughron . Vertumnus , a god among the Romans , that would turn himself into all shapes , and was supposed to have the government of mens minds . Vertuoso . See Virtuoso . Vervecean Vervecine verveceus vervecinus belonging to , or like a Weather or Sheep . Vervels . See Varvels . Vesaneus ( vesanus ) mad , wood , furious , out of his wit , cruel , outragious . Vesculent ( vesculentus ) apt to eat or feed . Vesicatory ( vesicatorium ) a cupping glass , or any sharp Ointment , Cataplasm , or Plaister , which has power to draw humors outward exulcerating the skin , and raising little blisters on it . It is also used Adjectively . Vesicle ( vesicula ) a little bladder . Vesperal ( vesperalis ) pertaining to the evening , or West part . Vespers or Vesperals , Evening-song , or Evening-prayers ; so called among Roman Catholicks . See Prime . Sicilian Vesperas , is taken proverbially for mischiefs done , or death inslicted in a place and time of imagined security ; from a general massacre of the French made on a sudden throughout Sicily ( whereof they were over insolent masters ) by the incensed Islanders ( Anno 1582 ) and about five of the clock in the afternoon at the toll of a bell . Vesperies ( Fr. ) Evening-Exercises or Disputations ( among the Sorbonists . ) Vespertine ( vespertinus ) of the evening , done in the evening ; also the hour of Vesperas . Vespilone ( vespilo , onis ) he that carries sorth dead bodies in the night to be buried , as they use in time of plague and great sickness . Vest ( vestio ) to cloth , array , attire , adorn , &c. See Vestment . Vestals ( Vestales Virgines ) certain Virgins among the ancient Romans , consecrated to the Goddess Vesta , and therefore so named ; they were alwayes chosen between six and seven years of age and continued thirty years in their Office ; whereof the first ten years they bestowed in learning the cremonies of their Order ; the second in execution thereof , and the last ten in teaching others ; After it was lawful for them to marry : Their chief Office was to keep fire continually burning in a round Temple at Rome , in honor of Vesta ; and if it chanced to go out , they were to renew it again with no u●ual fire , but such as they could get by art from the Sun-beams . Nec tu aliud Vestam , quam puram intellige flammam . Ovid. They were greatly honored in the City , and had divers priviledges ; for they were carried in Chariots , and the chiefest Magistrates would do reverence to them ; they had Officers going before them , as the Consuls had , and if they met any one , who was led to be put to death , they had authority to deliver him , taking an oath that they came not that way of purpose ; they might also make a Will , and dispose of their Goods as they pleased ; but if any of them were found to live unchaste , she was openly carried with sad silence to the Gate called Collina , where , being put into a deep pit , she was presently buried alive . These Vestals were first instituted by Numa Pompilius , or ( as some write ) by Romulus . Vestiary ( vestiarium ) a Wardrobe , Press , or Chest , where apparel is laid ; also a Vestry in a Church . Vestible ( vestibulum ) a void place without the door , a Porch , an Entry . Vestigate ( vestigo ) to seek out , to seek by the print of the foot , to trace , to search , diligently , to hunt after . Vestige ( vestigium ) the print of a mans foot , a footstep , a trace , or track , or mark of any thing ; the sole of the foot . Spotswoods Hist . Vestitor ( Lat. ) he that clotheth , a Tailor . Vestment ( vestimentum ) a Garment , Vesture , Apparel , Cloathing , Attire . It is particularly used by the Romanists for the upmost Garment , which the Priest hath on , when he says Mass ; and they say he is vested , when he is so attired . This Vestment the French call Chasuble . Vetation ( vetatio ) a forbidding to do something . Veteran ( veteranus ) ancient , old , one that hath served long in a place or office ; it is used both substantively and adjectively . Veteratorian ( veteratorius ) crafty , subtil , gotten by long use . Veterinarian ( veterinarius ) he that lets Horses or Mules to hire , a Muletor , a Horse-courser , a Hackney-man , also a Horse-Leech or Farrier ; it is also used adjectively . Dr Br. Veterine ( veterinus ) that bears burdens , used in carriage . Vetust ( vetustus ) old , ancient . Vexillation ( vexillatio ) a company of men of arms under one Standard . Vexillary ( vexillarius ) a Standard-bearer ; also pertaining to a Standard or Ensign . Vial ( phiala ) a plain pot , with a wide mouth ; also the general name to all plate , serving for Wine or Water ; a Glass or Glass-bottle . Vials of wrath , mentioned in the Apocalipse , signifie Gods readiness to be fully revenged on sinners . Viande ( Fr. ) meat , food , sustenance , victuals , especially of flesh . Holy Court. Viary ( viarius ) belonging to the way . Feltham . Viatick ( viaticus ) pertaining to a journey , or travelling by the way . Viaticum ( Lat. ) all things necessary for a Traveller , be it in victual or other things : The Blessed Sacrament , as given to dying people , is also so called by the Fathers . Viator ( Lat. ) a Traveller or way-faring man ; but among Divines it signifies any living person , who is in the state of meriting or demeriting , though by Mystics frequently taken as contra-distinguished to comprehensor , which is one that has attain'd the sight of God. Viatorian ( viatorius ) belonging to the way , travelling or journeying , or serving to way-faring-men . Vibration ( vibratio ) a brandishing , shaking , or wagging , as men do drawn swords , when they threaten others . Vibrissation ( vibrissatio ) a quavering or warbling in singing , a shaking a thing . Vicarious ( vicarius ) that is in stead or place of another , that supplies another mans room , and takes pains for him ; as an under-servant , or Vicar . Vice versa ( Lat. ) contrary to what was before , the former course being changed into the opposit or contrary . Vicenarious ( vicenarius ) belonging to the twentieth . Vicennals ( vicenalia ) solemn games and vows for twenty and thirty years . Vicesimal Vicessme the same with Vicenarious . Vicinage . See Voisinage . Vicinal ( vicinalis ) of or belonging to Neighbors or Neighborhood . Vicinity ( vicinitas ) the company of Neighbors , dwelling nigh one ; Neighborhood , nighness , likeness . Vicissity or Vicissitude vicissitas , vicissitudo , changing or succeeding by course , the turn or course in altering , now one , now another , an interchangeable course . Vicount alias Viscount , ( vicecomes ) signifies with us as much as Sheriff ; Between which two words I finde no other difference , but that the one comes from our Conquerors , the Normans ; and the other from our Ancestors , the Saxons . Viscount also signifies a degree of Nobility next an Earl , which ( as Camden saith ) is an old name of Office , but a new one of Dignity , never heard of among us till Henry the Sixth's dayes . But this degree of honor is far more ancient in other Countries . See Cassan . de gloria Mundi . part . 5. Consid . 55. Victime ( victima ) the Beast killed in Sacrifice for Victory , an Oblation , a Sacrifice . Victimate ( victimo ) to Sacrifice , to make an Oblation . Victor ( Lat. ) a Conqueror , he that overcomes . Vidame ( Vicedominus ) an honour in France , of which there are but four ; viz. That of Chartres . 2. Amiens . 3. Chalons . And 4. of Gerbery in Beauvois . A Vidame was originally the Judge of a Bishops Temporal Jurisdiction , or such an Officer to him , as the Vicount was to the Count or Earl , but in process of time , of an Officer , he became a Lord , by altering his Office into a Fief , held of the Bishoprick he belonged to ; so that even to this day the Estate of all Vidames depends of some Bishoprick , or is annexed to the Temporalities thereof , and therefore they are no better then Seignieurs Mediocres ( as the French say ) though the first of that rank ; and in all other Priviledges and Rights equal to Vicounts , with some advantage of credit , in respect of high Jurisdiction , which those have usurped by degrees upon their Earls ; and these had at the first , by the gift of their Bishops . Videlicet ( Lat. ) that is to say , to wit : It is usually written thus ( viz. ) And in the same sence we use ( i.e. ) for id est , and sometime i. alone . Viduation ( viduatio ) a dividing , a leaving alone , a depriving , a making widow . Viduity ( viduitas ) widowhood , or the estate of a widow : also lack of things . Vieter ( Lat. ) a Cooper , that with hoops bindes Vessels , or he that makes baskets , or vessels of Osier , to be covered with Leather . View , is a term of Hunting , and signifies the print of a Fallow-Deers foot in the ground . Vigesimal ( vigessimus ) pertaining to the twentieth in number . Vigil ( vigilia ) a watching , abstaining from sleep ; a watch by night , which they used to divide into four parts . The first Vigil began at six of the clock in the Evening , and continued till nine . The second began at nine and continued till twelve : The third was from twelve till three : And the fourth from three till six in the Morning . This word is mentioned Luk. 12.38 . Exod. 14.24 . Also the Eve or day next before any solemn Feast , because then Christians were wont to watch , fast and pray in Churches . Vigintivirate ( vigintiviratus ) the Office of the viginti viri , or of twenty men in like authority . Tacitus . Vigone ( Fr. ) a kind of Demicaster , or Hat of late so called , from the fine Wooll , which for the most part they are made of , borne by a kind of Sheep of Spain of that name . Vigor ( Lat. ) strength , force , lustiness , courage . Vigorous ( vigorosus ) strong , firm , lusty , couragious . Vilifie ( vilifico ) to make of no reputation or value . Vilipend ( vilipendo ) to disesteem , to make light of , not to value . Vility ( vilitas ) cheapness , vileness , baseness . Villication ( villicatio ) the rule of Husbandry under the Master or Owner of a Mannor . Viminal ( viminalis ) apt to wind or bind , belonging to Of●ers or Twigs . Vin● Chia , the most excellent wines of all Greece , so called from the Island Chios ( now Scio ) where they are made . Vinarious ( vinarius ) of or belonging to Wine . Vinatorian ( vinatorius ) belonging to the dresser of a Vineyard . Vincent ( from vinco ) victorious , overcoming ; a mans name . Vincible ( vincibilis ) easie to be vanquished or overcome . Vincture ( vinctura ) a binding or tying . Vindemiatory Vindemial ( vindemiatorius ) pertaining to gathering Grapes , or ripe Fruit in Harvest , serving for such a purpose . Vindictive or Vindicative ( from vindico ) revengeful , apt to vindicate , or revenge , wreakful , avengeful . Vineatick ( vineaticus ) belonging to Vines , apt , or that serves for Vines . Vinipo●e ( vinipotor ) a drinker of Wine , a Wine-bibber , a Drunkard . Vinitorian ( vinitorius ) of or belonging to the keeping a Vineyard or Vines . Vinolent ( vinolentus ) given much to drinking Wine ; also made with Wine . Vinosity ( vinositas ) wininess , fulness of wine . Dr. Br. Vintage ( Fr. Vendenge ) Vine-harvest , Grape-harvest , Grape-gathering , Wine making , and the season wherein it is made . Violate ( violo ) to corrupt , defile , make foul , transgress , or break ; as a man doth a Law ; to misuse . Viper ( vipera ) a venemous Serpent in some hot Countreys , lying much in the earth , having a short tail , which grates and makes a noise as he goes ; they are of a yellow colour , and sometimes red . The Male has but one Tooth on every side , but the Female more , &c. Viperine ( viperinus ) belonging to Vipers or Adders . Viragin or Virag● ( Lat. ) a woman of stout and manly courage , a manly or mankinde woman . Virason , a cool sea-gale of wind ; so called in Hispaniola , or Saint Domingo's Island . Virelay ( Fr. ) a roundelay , Country-ballad , or Free-mans Song . Virgate of Land ( virgata terrae ) See Yard-land . Virger . See Verger . Virginal ( virginalis ) Maidenly , Virgin-like ; hence the name of that musical Instrument , called Virginals , because Maids and Virgins do most commonly play thereon Virgo ( Lat. ) one of the Twelve Signs of the Zodiack ; so called , because as a Virgin is barren and unfruitful , whilst she lives without man ; so whilst the Sun continues in this Sign , it brings forth nothing , but onely ripens such Fruit as the preceding part of the year has brought forth . Virgule ( virgultum ) a company of young shoots , or many young tender Sprigs and Sprouts growing together out of the ground . Viridate ( virido ) to make green and lusty Viridity ( viriditas ) greenness ; also lustiness , strength , manliness . Virility ( virilitas ) manliness , mans estate ; also the privy parts of man. Viripotent ( viripotens ) ripe for mariage , able to lye with a man. Virtuoso ( Ital. ) a learned or ingenious man , or one that is well qualified with vertue and ingenuity . Virulency ( from virus ) fulness of poison or venome ; ranckness of savor . Virulent ( virulentus ) full of poison , venemous . Viscated ( viscatus ) dressed , or taken with Birdlime . Visceration ( visceratio ) good chear , a dole or distributing raw flesh at the death of rich men , or when hogs are killed ; also the garbage that Hunters give their Dogs . Visceral ( from viscera ) pertaining to the Bowels , or Entrals of Man or Beast . Viscid or Viscous ( viscidus et viscosus clammy , fast as glue Viscosity ( viscositas ) clamminess , a birdlime-like sliminess , or cleaving to . Br. Visibility ( visibilitas ) visibleness , a capacity or aptness of a thing to be seen . Visier , a President , chief Counsellor , or chief Statesman about the great Turk ; as much to say a Vice-Roy , or Deputy to a King. Vision ( visio ) a seeing , an apparition or fantasie . Visor ( Lat. ) a Messenger sent to view or spie a thing , a Spy. Visual ( from visus ) belonging to , or carried by , the the sight ; extending as far as the eye can carry it . Vital ( vitalis ) lively , pertaining to the maintenance of life , likely to live . Vital faculty ; see Faculty . Vitality ( vitalitas ) life , liveliness , the Spirit of Life , whereby we live . Vitation ( vitatio ) an eschewing , voiding or shunning . Vitelline ( vitellinus ) of , or resembling the yolk of an Egg. Vitiate ( vitio ) to corrupt , destroy , deform , infect , or deslowre . Vitiferous ( vitifer ) that bears Vines . Vitiosity ( vitiositas ) vice , lendness , the contrary to vertue ; corruption , an inconstant affection of mind in all manner of behavior . Vitrean Vitrine ( vitreus ) belonging to Glass , glassie , glassie-green ; clear like glass , or resembling glass . Vitrifiable , that may be turned or made into glass . Vitrification ( vitrificatio ) glassiness , or the making glass Vitrification ( says Dr. Br. ) is the last work of fire , and when that arrives humidity is exhaled ; for powdered glass emits no fume or exhalation , although it be laid upon a red hot iron . Vul. Err. fol. 53. Vitriol ( vitriolum ) a little glass ; also Copperas so called , which is of a middle nature between stone and mettal . Vuriolou● , of or pertaining to Vitriol or Copperas . Vitulin● ( vitulinus ) of or belonging to a Calf Vituperable ( vituperabilis ) blame-worthy , that may be reprehended . Vituperate ( vitupero ) to blame , rebuke , discommend , or dispraise . St. Vitus his Dance , is a kinde of madness or disease so called , which Senertus affirms to proceed from a certain malignant humor gendered in the body , of near kin with the poison of the Tarantula . Vivacity ( vivacitas ) natural strength or liveliness , long life ; lustiness , vigor . Vivency ( from vivo ) a living , or enjoying life . Vivian ( from vivo ) lively , or that may live long . A mans name . Vivifie ( vivifico ) to quicken or give life . Felth. Vivifical Vivificent ( vivificus ) which quickens or gives life . Viviparous ( viviparus ) which brings forth their yong alive , and do neither spawn , nor lay Eggs. Dr. Br. Vizier ; see Visier . Vlcerate ( ulcero ) to blister , to break out into an Ulcer or running soar , to exulcerate . Vlcerous ( ulcerosus ) full of ulcers or running soars , ulcer-breeding . Vligirous ( uliginosus ) soaked with long abode of water ; wet , plashy , moist , full of water . Vlophone ( ulophonum ) a venemous glue or clammy substance , made of Misseltoe-Berries ; also the black or Cameleon Thistle , whose Root is also venemous . Vle , Yeule , Yool or Vle-Games , in our Northern parts , are taken for Christmass games or sports ; from the Fr. Nouël , i. Christmas , which the Normans corrupt to Nuel , and from Nuel we had Nule or Vle . But Dr. Hammond thinks Yule should be taken immediately from the Lat. Jubilum , as that signifies a time of rejoycing or festivity , &c. See his Answer to six Quaeries , p. 464. But Mr. Sumner more probably derives it from the Sax. Gehul , i. natalis domini , Christmas . In Yorkshire &c our other Northern parts , they have an old custom , after Sermon or Service on Christmas day , the people will , even in the Churches cry Vle , Vle , as a token of rejoycing , and the common people run about the streets singing Vle , Vle , Vle , Three puddings in a Pule , Crack nuts and cry Vle . Vltime Vltimate ( ultimus ) last , final , extreme , the furthest or utmost . Vltimity ( ultimitas ) the lastness or end of a thing . Vltion ( ultio ) a revenging , a taking vengeance . Vltramarine ( ultramarinus ) coming from beyond Sea. Vltramundane ( ultramundanus ) supercelestial , beyond or above the Skie . Dr. Char. Vltroneous ( ultroneus ) willingly , with a free will , well-willing . Vlulate ( ululo ) to howl as a dog or wolf doth . Vmber , somewhat a sad yellow colour used by Painters ; also a Beast ingendred between Musmon and another Sheep . Vmbilical ( umbilicalis ) pertaining to the Navil . Vmbilical Vein . See in Vein . Vmbilical Arteries , are two Arteries marching from the Navil , through Peritonaeum to the sides of the Bladder ; they are the first Arteries that in the Infant are begotten . Tho. Vmbilicality , the being of a thing , at or in the midst ; as the Navil in the midst of the belly . Vmbrage ( Fr. or Ombrage ) a shade , a shadow ; also jealousie or suspition . Vmbrageous ( Fr. Vmbrageux ) shady , shadowy , covert , full of shade , obscure , dark . Vmbratical ( umbraticus ) like , or of a shadow , making or casting a shadow ; that is done in the shade , or very privately . Vmbratilous , idem . Bac. Vmbrello ( Ital. Ombrella ) a fashion of round and broad Fans , wherewith the Indians ( and from them our great ones ) preserve themselves from the heat of the Sun or Fire ; and hence any little shadow , Fan , or other thing , wherewith women guard their faces from the Sun. Vmbriferous ( umbrifer ) making or casting shadow . Vmbrosous ( umbrosus ) having much shadow , casting a great shadow , full of shade . Vn , is an English Privative , which may be added at pleasure to simple words , and deprives them of their natural sence , as un-accessible , which cannot be come to ; to un-bewitch , un-deceive , &c. Vnanimity ( unanimitas ) concord of mind , consent of heart . Vnanim Vnanimous ( unanimus ) of one mind , heart and will , of one consent and accord . Vncial ( uncialis ) belonging to an ounce or inch . Vncouth ( Sax. ) unknown , strange , unbeaten : In some of our Law books it is taken for one , for whose offence his Host is not bound to answer , till the third night , till when he is not accounted a Guest . Vnction ( unctio ) anointing . Vnctorian ( unctorius ) pertaining to anointing or greazing . Vnctuous ( unctus ) anointed ; fat , oily , moist . Vnctuosity , oyliness or fattiness . Vndation ( undatio ) a flowing or rising of waves . Vndisonant ( undisonus ) making a noise like waves . Vndulated ( undulatus ) made like waves of water . Vndulation ( undulatio ) a waving or moving up and down like waves . Per. Instit . Vnguen● ( unguentum ) any sweet oyl or oyntment , a liquid perfume , ointment or salve consisting of grease , fat , and liquors mingled with oyl , to the just thickness of an oyl . Vnich ( unicus ) one onely , single , singular . Vnicornous ( unicornis ) that hath but one horn , as the beast called Vnicorn is said to have . Br. Vnifie ( unifico ) to joyn or make one ; as mariage doth Husband and Wife . Vniformity ( uniformitas ) one and the same shape or fashion . Vnion ( unio ) peace , concord , agreement , the number one . Vnion , is a combining or consolidation of two Churches in one , which is done by the consent of the Bishop , Patron , and Incumbent , &c. Vnion Pearls ( so called by Antiphrasis , because they always grow in couples ; Nulli duo reperiuntur indiscreti , says Pliny ; Vnde nomen unionum , scilicet , Romanae imposuere deliciae ) are the best sort of Pearl . Vniparous ( from unus and pario ) that brings forth but one at a birth . Vnison ( Fr. unisson ) an one ; an oneliness , or loneliness , a single or singleness ; a term in Musick , when two Strings or Notes agree in one tone . Vnition ( unitio ) a making one , a joyning two things together . Vnity ( unitas ) an uniting or joyning two things or more together ; also concord , agreement . Vnity of possession , in our Law , is a joynt possession of two Rights by several Titles . For example , I take a Lease of Land from one upon a certain Reut ; afterwards I buy the Fee simple ; this is an Vnity of possession , whereby the Lease is extinguished , by reason , I , who had before the occupation only for my rent , am become Lord of the same , and am to pay my rent to none but my self . Vniversality ( universalitas ) generality , the whole State , all in general . Vnivocal ( univocus ) signifying but one thing ; consisting o● one voyce . Vnivocalty ( univocè ) of the same signification ; a term in Logick ; wherein as oft as the same word in the same signification , that is , meaning the same notion , is applied to more , t is said to signifie or be spoken univocally . Per. Instit . Vocabulary ( vocabularium ) a Dictionary , an Index , or Table of words ; also used adjectively ( from vocabularis with relation to words . Vocal ( vocalis ) that hath a voyce , loud , making a noise , belonging to the voyce . Vocal Nerves ( vocales nervi ) are those noble sinews , which have the vertue of forming the speech . Vocal Prayer , is that which is uttered by words , as mental is conceived in the mind and spirit without pronunciation of words . Vocality ( vocalitas ) a tune or sound of a voyce . Vocation ( vocatio ) a Caling or course of life . Vocative ( vocativus ) belonging to Calling . Vociferate ( vocifero ) to cry out aloud , to bray , to exclaim . Vociferation ( vociferatio ) an exclaiming , a crying out aloud , a braying . Voculation ( voculatio ) the accent of every word , the due moderation and measuring the voyce in pronouncing a word . Vogue ( Fr. ) swey , swinge , authority , power , clear passage , as of a Ship in a broad Sea. Voiders , great broad dishes to carry away the remains from a meat-table ; also a term in Heraldry . Voisinage ( Fr. ) neighborhood , nighness , nearness . Dr. Taylor . Volant ( volans ) flying , swiftly passing , fast running ; also a term in Heraldry , when a Bird is born flying Volary ( from volo , as ) a place ( for birds ) to flie in . Volatical Volatil Volatilous ( volaticus ) ( volatilis ) that flies , or can flie , flitting , passing swiftly ; not fixed , apt to evaporate . Volatility ( volatilitas ) swift passage , inconstancy , unfixedness ; aptness to evaporate , and fly away . A term in Chymistry . Volgivagant or Vulgivagant ( volgivagus ) pertaining to the common people , poor , base , mean , incertain , inconstant . Volitate ( volito ) to flie often , to run in and out , or to and fro often . Volition ( from volo , vis ) a willing or an assenting act of the will. The disposition in the Soul upon which Operation follows , we call the Will , and the first beginning , Volition . Per. Inst . Volocity ( volocitas ) a flying or running hastily . Volta or Lavolta ( Ital. ) a turn , a course about , a turning round , or coming about again ; also the turn which expert Riders teach their Horses , also a turning dance so called . Florio . Volubility ( volubilitas ) the turning of a thing , facility to turn round , aptness to roll , roundness , inconstancy , mutability . Also sound or quick speaking without impediment or staggering , the falling or round going of words by measure . Tho. Voluble ( volubilis ) that is or may be easily tumbled or rolled , inconstant , always turning ; having a round pronunciation or good delivery of speech . Voluntary ( voluntarius ) one that serves or does any thing , without pay or compulsion , of his own accord or will. Voluntative ( from voluntas , atis ) that proceeds from the Will , wilful or full of desire . Voluptable ( voluptabilis ) which brings pleasure , pleasurable , that causeth delight . Voluptuous ( voluptuosus ) wholly devoted to worldly delights , unsatiable in sensual pleasure . Volutation ( volutatio ) a rolling or tumbling , a tossing , a wallowing , a casting or revolving in the mind . Volutina , a certain Goddess , who was said to be the the over-seer of the husks of corn , wherein the Grain is enclosed . Vomitio● ( vomitio ) a vomiting , casting or parbreaking . Vomitory ( vomitorius ) that hath the nature or strength to vomit or spew . Voracity ( voracitas ) gluttony , ravening , devouring , excessive eating . Vorage ( Lat. ) a Gulf , a Whirlpool , a Quagmire , or marvellous deep place , that sucks or swallows up even Rivers , and whereout nothing can come ; Also a gluttinous waste-gut , and spend all . Voraginous ( voraginosus ) full of Gulfs , and Whirlpits . Voration ( voratio ) a devouring , or eating up greedily . Votary ( from voto ) he that makes a vow , or binds himself to the performance of a vow ; a vowed Servant , a Devote . Votive ( votivus ) that is vowed or promised by vow ; also that is or hath been greatly wished or desired . Vouch ( Fr. Voucher ) to cite , pray in aid , or call to aid in a suit . It is a word much used in our Common Law ; Also to avow , or affirm boldly , to avouch . Vowel ( vocalis ) a letter which makes a perfect sound of it self , of which there are five , a , e , i , o , u. Vrania , one of the Muses , to whom the invention of Astrology is attributed ; called also the heavenly Muse . Vraros●py ( Gr. ) a speculation or view of the Heavens . Vrbane or Vrbanical urbanus urbanicus belonging to a City , civil in curtesie , gentle in speech and gesture , pleasant in behaviour and talk , comely , seemly . Vrbanity ( urbanitas ) curtesie , civility , civil life , good manners , &c. Vrbicarian ( urbicarius ) belonging to a City . And Suburbicarian , under or within the jurisdiction of a City , properly and specially attributed , by antient Writers , to a certain part of Italy near adjacent to Rome ; but extended by Ruffinus , a barbarous Author , to all those Countries of which Rome was then the Political Head ; viz. all the West . Vrent ( urens ) burning , parching . Vreter ( Lat. ) the Pipe or conduit by which the Urine passeth from the Reins to the Bladder . Vrim and Thummim , a light of the knowledge of Christ , by the Word , together with perfection of vertue and holy manners ; Exod. 28.30 . Thou shalt put in the Brest-plate of Judgement , the Vrim and Thummim . Who made this Vrim and Thummim , what it was , and of what made , is very hard , if not impossible to finde out : Certainly , it was not reckoned among the things wrought by Art , but was given to God by Moses alone , to put in the holy Pectoral , as Levit. 8.8 . and written of Christ , Colos . 2.3 . Dan. 8.13 . See Sir W. Ral. lib. 2. fol. 395. Vrinary ( urinarius meatus ) the Pipe by which the Pi●s runs from the Bladder . Vrinator ( Lat ) one that dives or swims under water , and fetches up Merchandize from the bottom . Vrn ( urna ) a measure of liquid things , containing of old two Gallons and a Pottle ; also the general name for a Pitcher or Pot ; but most commonly taken for a Vessel or Coffin , wherein the ashes of the dead were kept ; for the old Romans were wont to burn their dead bodies : Now it is often taken for a Grave or Sepulchre ; also a vessel wherein the Roman Pretor did put the names of such as were to be elected or tried by lot . See a learned discourse of Vrns , written lately by Dr. Brown , and entituled Hydriotaphia . Vroscopy ( Gr. ) an inspection of Urines , or casting of water , as Physicians do . Vrsine ( ursinus ) of or belonging to a Bear. Vrsula ( Lat. ) a little she Bear ; a womans name , heretofore of great reputation , in honor of Vrsula the British Virgin Saint , martyred under Gods scourge , Attila , King of the Hunnes . Vrus or Vre Ox , is a huge-bodied , hulk-backed , short-horned , and red-eyed wilde Ox. Pliny . Vsance ( Fr. ) use , usage ; it is a term among Merchants , as if a Merchant receive money here , and engage by Bill of Exchange to pay the like sum in Paris at Vsance , that is , at the moneths end ; and double Vsance is two moneths . V●bagh or Vs●abagh Irish Aqua vitae , the word in that language importing as much . Vstion ( ustio ) a burning or scaring . Vstulate ( ustulo ) to burn or sear a thing : also to frizel or curle . Vsucaption ( usucaptio ) prescription or long possession , or the attaining a thing thereby . Vsufructuary ( usufructuarius ) one that hath the use , and reaps the profit of that , whereof the propriety rests in another . Vsury ( usura ) usage ; the occupation of a thing ; also money or moneys worth given above the principal sum for the lone of it ; interest , use . Vsurpation ( usurpatio ) an usurping , an unjust or often using , a taking against right and reason , an incroaching on another mans Right . V●as ( Octava ) is the eighth day following any Term or Feast ; as the Vtas of Saint Michael , the Vtas of St. Hillary , the Vtas of St. Martin , the Vtas of St. John Baptist , and the Vtas of the Blessed Trinity , &c. as you may read An. 51. Hen. 3. Stat. concerning general days in the Bench. And any day between the Feast and the Eighth day , is said to be within the Vtas ; the use of it is in the Return of Writs , as appears by the same Statute . Vtensil ( utensile ) any thing necessary for our use and occupation ; Housholdstuff . Vterine ( uterinus ) of or pertaining to the womb . Fratres Vterini , brothers of the same Mother , that came both of one Womb , or Belly . Vtible ( utibilis ) that may be used , profitable . Vtinam ( Lat. Adverb ) God grant , Would to God ; it is sometimes used substantively in English , for a wish . Vtlarie . See Outlawrie . Vtopian , belonging to the feigned or imaginary place or Country , Vtopia . Vtter Barristers . See Barristers . Vval ( from uva ) pertaining to a Grape or Vine . Vvid ( uvidus ) wet , moist . Vviferous ( uvifer ) that bears Grapes or Vines . Vulcan ( Vulcanus ) the god of Fire , who is also called Jupiters Smith ; it is sometimes used for fire it self ; or for any Workman or Forger continually about the fire ; or for a Hill that continually burns and casts out flame and smoak . Vulgarity ( vulgaritas ) the common manner or fashion of the vulgar people . Vulgarization , a making common or vulgar . Vulgate ( vulgatus ) published abroad , commonly used , set out to the use of all men . Vulned ( from vulnus ) wounded . A term in Heraldry . Vulnerate ( vulnero ) to hurt or wound . Vulnerary ( vulnerarius ) he that healeth wounds , a Chyrurgeon ; Also used adjectively , which relates to wounds or sores . Vulnifical ( vulnificus ) which woundeth , or makes wounds . Vulpinate ( vulpinor ) to play the Fox ; to deceive with crafty wiles or deceits . Vulpinatiness ( from vulpinor ) craftiness , deceit . Vulsion ( vulsio ) the twinging or pulling of the cramp , or any other thing . Vultuosous ( vultuosus ) of a grave and solemn countenance , or of a heavy and sad look . Vulturine ( vulturinus ) pertaining to the ravenous Bird called a Vulture , or Cormorant , also grey coloured . Vvula ( Lat. ) a little piece of flesh in the inmost roof of the mouth , which sometimes hangs loose downward , and hinders from speaking , and swallowing meat ; the Palate of the mouth . Vxorious ( uxorius ) belonging to a Wife ; also that is very indulgent to , or fond of a Wife . W. WAge ( from the Fr. Gager ) i. to put in security for performing any thing ; as to Wage Law , and Wage Deliverance . When an Action of Debt or Detinue is brought against one ( upon some secret agreement or contract had between the parties , without Specialty shewed , or other matter of Record ) for goods lent or left with the Defendant , then the Defendant may Wage his Law , if he will , that is , Swear upon a Book , and certain persons with him , that he detains not the Goods , nor ows any thing to the Plaintiff in manner and form as he hath declared . Terms of the Law. Note that the offer to make the Oath is called Wager of Law , and when it is accomplished , it is called the doing your Law. To Wage Law ( in the common acception ) seems to be , to follow , urge , drive on or prosecute the Law , or Law Sutes ; as to wage War is praeliari , bellare , to drive on the War , to fight in Battails as Warriers do . The Wain of the Moon ( from the antient Belg. Wan , i , defect or want , à lat . vanus , quia evanescit ) the decrease or declination of the Moon . Hence also To look wan , that is pale , as being in a decaying or defective health . To Waive or Weive , is to forsake . As to waive the company of Theeves . Stawnf . pl. Cor. fol. 26. Waif or Weif . The nineteenth Chapter of the Grand Customary of Normandy , is entituled ( De choses gaives ) and Latined by the interpreter , De rebus vaivis , i. Of things waived , which are there thus defined . Vaiva sunt res , velalia , quae nullius proprietate attributa , sine possessionis reclamatione sunt inventa , quae usque ad Diem & annum servanda sunt . This weif or things weived , are nothing but things forsaken . The Civilians call it Derelictum . Bract. ( lib. 1. cap. 12. num . 10. ) reckons them inter res , quae sunt nullius , ea quae pro waivio habentur ; sicut de averiis , ubi non apparet dominus ; where he also saith , Quod olim fuerunt inventoris dè jure naturali , & jam efficiuntur Principis de jure gentium . This is a Regality , and belongs to the King , except it be challenged by the owner within a year and a day , as appears by Britton , cap. 17. Now the Kings in their times have granted this , and such like Prerogatives to Subjects within their Liberties and Fees ; so that Waifs , Estrays , Things lost , are the Lords of the Franchise , where they are found , but must first be cried and published in Markets and Churches near about , or else the year and day runs not to the prejudice of him that lost them ; and otherwise the Detainer may be accus'd of Theft . The Expositor of Law Terms also saith , VVaif is when a Thief has feloniously stoln Goods , and being closely pursued with Hue and Cry , or else overcharged with the burden or trouble of them , for his ease or more speed , flies away , and leaves the goods , or any part of them behind him ; then the Kings Officers , or the Reeve or Bailiff of the Lord of the Manor , who has such Franchise of VVaif , may seize the Goods , so waived , to the Lords use , who may keep them as his own proper , except the owner come with fresh Sute after the Felon , and sue an Appeal , or give in Evidence against him at his Arraignment upon the Indictment , and he be attainted thereof , &c. In which cases the first owner shall have restitution of his Goods so stoln and waived . Also if a man be pursued with Hue and Cry , as a Felon , and leaves his own Goods , &c. these shall be taken as Goods waived and forfeited , as if they had been stoln . VVaived also belongs to a Woman , that being sued in Law , contemptuously refuseth to appear , as the word Outlawed doth to a man : For Women cannot be out-lawed , because they are not sworn in Leets to the King , nor to the Law , as men are ; so that a Man is said Out-lawed , or without the Law , to which he was sworn , and a Woman waived . Waldenses , a Sect or Congregation that took name from one Waldo of Lions in France , about the twelfth Century ; and held , They were not bound to make profession of their Faith , denied the real Presence , Purgatory , &c. And condemned the eating of Flesh , Eggs , and Milk , &c. See Rosses View , p. 223. Wakes or Country Feasts , were most usually kept on the Sunday next after that Saints day , to whom the Parish Church was dedicated . And these Feasts took Origin from a Letter written by Gregory the Great to Melitus Abbot , sent into England with St Austin , in these words . It may therefore be permitted them ( the English ) that in the dedication days , or other solemn days of Martyrs , they make them Bowers about the Churches , and Feasting together , after a good religious sort , kill their Oxen now to the refreshing of themselves , to the praise of God , and encrease of Charity , which before they were wont to offer up in Sacrifice to the Devil , &c. Bede Eccles . Hist . c. 30. And they may be called Wakes , because on the Vigil of those Feasts , people were wont to watch and pray , or to awake from sleep at the several Vigils of the night ; but now that Religious custom is prophanely converted into rude Sports , and Gluttonous Feasting for the most part . Waiter ( Germ. a mans name , from Waldher , for so it is most antiently written ) a Pilgrime , according to Reneccius ; others make it a Wood-Lord or Wood-man . Cam. Wapentake , is all one with that which we call a Hundred , as appears by Bract. lib. 3. Tract . 2. cap. 1. num . 1. In some Counties they are called Hundreds , in others Wapentakes , &c. Wardmote , is a Court kept in every Ward in London . An. 32. Hen. 8. cap. 17. ordinarily called among the Citizens , the VVardmote Court. Wardwit alias Ward wyte , is to be quit of giving money for keeping Watch and Ward . Stows Survey . Warp ( from the old Saxon awarp or awurp ) to throw or cast ; hence we still say a board warps or casts ; and in some parts of England we call a Moul , a Mouldwarp , which is as much as to say , a Cast-earth . Versteg . Wards and Liveries , a certain Court erected in Hen. the Eighths time ; and put down by Act. 1656. ca. 4. A Wash of Oysters is ten Strikes . Wassail or Wassale on Twelf-day at night , or on New-years Eve. The Origin in the words of Verstegan , thus . " Lady Rowena , Neece to Hengistus , having invited King Vortiger to a supper , at his new built Castle , called Thong-Castle , caused her after supper to come forth of her Chamber , into the Kings presence , with a Cup of gold filled with Wine in her hand and making , in very seemly manner , a low reverence to the King , said with a pleasing grace , in our antient Saxon Language , Waes heal h●aford Cyuing , which is , according to our present Speech , Be of health Lord King ; for as ( was ) is our Verb of the preter-imperfect tence , signifying have been , so ( Waes ) being the same Verb in the Imperative Mood , and now pronounced ( was ) is as much to say , as , grow , be or become , and Waeshe●l , by corruption of pronounciation afterwards became Wassaile . The King not understanding what she said , demanded it of his Chamberlain , who was his Interpreter , and when he knew what it was , he asked him , how he might answer her in her own Language ; whereof being informed , he said unto her Drinc heal , i. Drink health , &c. " Verst . p. 101. Some say t is Wassale , quasi , wash your throat with Ale. Waters of Shiloah , properly Waters , which came from a Fountain at the Root of Mount Sion , and ran through Jerusalem with a still and quiet course . Therefore in Nehemiah 2. it is called the Dragons or Serpents Well , because the Waters of it crept gently as a Serpent ; but Figuratively it denoted the promise of help to the men of Jerusalem , against the Kings of Syria and Israel , from Gods power alone ( without hiring forein forces ) to repel their enemies , Isa . 8.6 . The waters of Shiloah , which run so softly . See Psal . 46.4 . Wilson . Watling-street , is one of the four ways , which the Romans are said to have made here in England , and called them , Consulares , Praetorias , Militares , Publicas . This Street is otherwise called Weriam-street , and leads from Dover , to London , Dunstable , and so to Westchester . An. 39 Eliz. cap. 2. The second Street is called Ikenild-street , beginning Ab Iconis , who were the people inhabiting Norfolk , Suffolk , and Cambridgeshire as Mr. Camden declares in his Brittan . pag. 345. The third is called Fosse , the reason of the name he giveth , because he thinks it was ditched of each side . The fourth is called Ermyn-street , &c. Of these read more in the said Author , pag. 43 , 44. And in the first Volume of Holinsheds Chronicle , cap. 19. Wave-Offerings , were certain loaves , which were enjoyned to be paid , as the first fruits of every years increase , Levit. 23.17 . See Moses and Aaron , p. 219. Weald of Kent , is the woody part of the Country . Cam. Britan pag. 247. Verstegan says , Wald , Weald and Wold , differing in Vowel , signifie one thing , to wit , a Forest or Wood ; for so the ( Teut. ) Wald also signifies . Yet I have observed , in Leicester and Yorkeshires , those places are now called Wolds , which have little or no Wood on them ; but it is very probable the woods thereof have been cut down , since they received that denomination . From this word Wald , came Waltham Forest , antiently called Waldham Forest . And Waldegrave ( an antient name in Norfolk ) took denomination from the disposing and over-seeing the Forest for so much the name imports . Wea-bit or Way-bit , is a word used in the North of England , where if you ask how far 't is to such a place , they answer , a mile and a VVay-bit , by which is understood a mile and vantage , or a mile and better . I finde i● written Wea-bit , but conceive it should be Way-bit ; quasi , a bit or part of a way . Weapon Salve , is that by which a wounded person is said to be cured , by applying it to the sword or weapon that made the wound ; and was first found out by Paracelsus . Of this see Dr. Charltons Paradoxes , p. 1. Wedding ( nuptiae ) comes from the Germ. ( wed ) i pignus , a pledge ; and wedde in Scotland signifies so much at this day . Skene . Wednesday . See VVoden . Weigh , is a certain weight of Cheese or Wool , containing 256 pounds of Avoir-du-pois . And in some parts of this land it signifies a quantity of corn ( most commonly Barley or Malt ) containing six Quarters , or forty eight Strikes . Weights ( pondera ) there are two sorts of them in use with us ; the one called Troy weight , which has Twelve ounces in the pound , and by this , Pearl , precious Stones , Electuaries , or Medicinal things , Gold , Silver and Bread are weighed ; the other Avoir-du-pois , which contains sixteen ounces in the pound ; by this all other things are weighed that pass between man and man by weight , saving onely those above named : Why the one should be cal'd Troy weight I have not learned ; though I read it libram & unciam Trojanam , as if it came from Troy : The other seems to be so termed by reason of the more full weight ; for Avoir du pois in French , is to have good weight , but by these words Avoir du pois are somtimes signified such merchandize as are bought and sold by this kind of weight . Fleta l. 2. c. 12. saith , 15 ounces make the merchants pound ; which 't is like , though an ounce less , should be all one in signification with the pound Avoir-du-pois , and the other Pound , called by Fleta , Trone weight , plainly appears to be all one with that , which we cal Troy weight ; and I find not Troy weight mentioned by any other that ever I read upon this subject , but onely our own Countrimen . See Tronage . One Phidon an Argive is said to have bin the first finder out of VVeights and Measures . See Ounce & Sarplar . Welken or Welkin ( Sax. ) a cloud ; but now commonly taken for the Sky or Element . Welsh , the people of VVales , which were the old Britans , and those a people of the Gauls ; from whence the Saxons ( according to their manner of speech ) instead of Gallish , called them VVallish , and by abbreviation Walch or Welsh . Were-wulf or Were-wolf ( were in the old Sax. was sometimes used for man ) this name remains still known in the Teutonick , and is as much as Man-wolf ; which is a certain Sorcerer , who having anointed his body with an Ointment made by instinct of the Devil , and putting on a certain inchanted Girdle , does not only to the view of others , seem as a VVolf , but to his own thinking , hath both the shape and nature of a VVolf , so long as he wears the said Girdle , and accordingly worries and kills humane creatures . Of these sundry have been taken in Germany , and the Neatherlands . One Peter Stump , for being a Were-wolf , and having killed thirteen children , two women , and one man , was at Bedhur , not far from Cullen , in the year 1589. put to a very terrible death . Verst . Westphalia Bacon , so called from the Country VVestphalia , a Province in Germany ▪ from whence it comes ; which Province is wonderfully stored with Acorns , that feed Swine of an exceeding pleasant taste and nourishment . Westsaxonlage , See Merchenlage . Wharf ( from the Belg. Werf , idem ) is a broad plain place neer a Creek or Hithe of the water , to lay Wares upon , that are brought to or from the water . Or it is a working place for Shipwrights . Wharfage , is a Fee due for any thing that is landed at the VVharf , or brought upon the VVharf to be carried by water . Wharfinger is the Keeper of a VVharf . An. 7. Ed. 6. cap. 7. Whead or Wheadle , is a late word of fancy , and signifies to draw one in , by fair words or subtile insinuation , to act any thing of disadvantage or reproof . Whirlebat , See VVhorlebat . White-hall in Henry the eighth's time , was called York-house , as being the Archbishop of Yorks Palace , otherwise called Cardinal VVolsey ; upon whose conviction in a Prem●nire it fell to that King , who beautified and enlarged it , and called it VVhitehall . Whitsunday , Pentecost , Whitsontide ( i. albi solis tempus ) is a solemn Feast in memory and honor of the coming of the holy Ghost upon the heads of the Apostles , in tongues , as it were of fire . ( Act. 2.3 . ) Pentecost in Greek signifies the fiftieth , it being the fiftieth day from the Resurrection . It is also called VVhitsunday from the Catechumens , who were clothed in white , and admitted on the Eve of this Feast to the Sacrament of Baptism . Verstegan says it was anciently called Wied Sunday , i. sacred Sunday ; for wied or wihed signifies sacred in the old Saxon. Whole-chase Boots , are whole hunting , or large riding Boots ; and Demichase , are , with the French , half hunting , or ( as we call them ) Summer riding Boots ; though some of our Shoomakers do ignorantly apply the word Demi●chase to a certain colour of the leather . Whorlebat ( caestus ) is a Weapon with Plummets of lead , used in Games for exercise by the antient Romans . Wicket ( from the Fr. Huisset ) a little door ( commonly ) where great gates are . Wick●vi●s or Wick●v●tes , the followers of VVicklif , who was Curate of Lutterworth in Leicestershire about the year , 1380 See his opinions in Mr. Fullers hist . lib. 1. p. 131. Wildfire ( what it is , is well enough known ) was invented by the Grecians about the year of our Lord 717. when Caliph Zulciman besieged Constantinople , and therefore the Latines call it Graecus ignis . Will of the Wisp . See. Ignis fatuus . Will●am ( Tent. ) for sweeter sound drawn from Wi●helm , which is interpreted by Luther , much defence to many ; as Wilwald , Ruling many ; Wildred , much reverend fear , or awful ; Wilfred , much peace ; Wi●bert , much increase . Cam. Wimple ( Belg Wimpel ) a Streamer or Flag ; but it is most commonly taken for the linnen plaited cloth , which Nuns and Religious women wear about their necks . Winefred , if Saxon , signifies win or get peace ; but some conceive it to be a Brittish word , corrupted from Gwen fremi . Frewi was the Saints name at first , but had the addition Gwen ( which signifies white in the Feminine Gender ) from the white circle that remained in her neck , after she was revived by Benno , the Priest , and Pastor of the Church ( as the story goes ) by joyning her cut off head , to her dead body . For it is a Tradition among the Britans , that in the very place where her head was cut off by wicked Cradacus , there sprung the Well that has to this day continued under the name of St Winefreds Well in Flintshire ; esteemed to be the most plentiful and miraculous Spring in the world . ●frid , i. An Obtainer of Concord ▪ or a win peace ; for so it signifies in the old Saxon. An Englishman of that name , was by means of Charls the Great , made Arch-Bishop of Magunce , by Pope Gregory the Second , and was afterwards called Boniface , he is accounted an Apostle of Germany , for his preaching and converting much people to the Christian Faith in Saxony , and thereabouts . At Doccum in Freezland , hath been reserved unto our time , a Book of the four Gospels , all written with his own hand . Verst . Wisard or Wizard ( perhaps from the Sax Witega , i. a Prophet or Foreteller of things to come ) a cunning man , the Hebrews describe him thus ; he put in his mouth the bone of a Beast named by them Jadua and burned Incense , and did other things , till he fell down with shame , and spake with his mouth , things that are to come . We commonly take him for a kinde of Witch , or one that can tell where things are , that were lost , &c. Wiseacre ( from the Belg. Waerseygher , ex Waer , i. veritas & Sagen , dicere ) one that knows or tells truth ; we commonly use it in malam partem , for a Fool. Wis●men of Greece were seven . See Solon . Witch , is derived from the Dutch Witchelen or Witchelen , which properly signifies whinnying and neighing like a Horse ; also to foretel or prophecy ; and Witcheler , signifies a Soothsayer ; for that the Germans ( from whom our Ancestors the Saxons usually descended ) did principally ( as Tacitus tells us ) divine and foretel things to come by the whinnying and neighing of their Horses ; Hinitu and Fremitu , are his words . For the definition , Master Perkins ( cap. 1. ) saith , Witchcraft is an art serving for the working of wonders , by the assistance of the Devils , so far as God will permit . Delrio defines it to be , An art which by the power of a contract , entred into with the Devil , some wonders are wrought , which pass the common understanding of men . Lib. 1. cap. 2. de Mag. Disq . Wittal , is a Cuckold that wits all , or knows all ; that is knows himself to be so . Woden , among the old Saxons was honored for their god of Battel ; the word signifies Fire or Furious . Hence we say , when one is in great rage , he is Wood ; and hence we call Wednesday instead of Wodnesday , on which day he was chiefly honored . See Verst . 59. Wold . See Weald . Seven Wonders of the World , were these . 1. The Pyramides . 2. Mausolaeum . 3. The Temple of Ephesus . 4. The Walls of Babylon . 5. The Colossus of Rhodes . 6. The Statue of Jupiter Olympicus . And 7. The Pharus or Watch Tower built by Ptolomaeus Philadelphus . Wooldrivers ( An. 2 , 3. Ph. & Ma. cap. 13. ) are those that buy wool abroad in the Country of the Sheepmasters , and carry it on horse-back to the Clothiers , or Market Towns to sell again . Woolstaple . See Staple . Woolwinders , are such as winde up Fleeces of Wool , to be pack'd and sold by weight , into a kind of bundle , after it is cleansed as it ought to be by Statute . And to avoid such deceipt , as the owners were wont to use , by thrusting in Locks of refuse Wool , and such other dross to gain weight , they are sworn to perform that Office truly between the owner and the Merchant . See the Statute of 8. H. 6. c. 22.23 H. 8. c. 17. And 18 Eliz. c. 25. Wranglands , seem to be misgrown Trees , that will never prove Timber . Kitchin , fol. 169.6 . Wreath , a Boars-tail so called by Huntsmen ; also in Heraldry it is that which is placed between the Mantle and the Crest , being most commonly made of two coloured silks , wreathed together ; called also a Torce . Wreck ( From the Fr. Varech ) is where a ship perishes at Sea , and no person escapes alive out of it ; the Civilians call it Naufragium . This Wreck being made , the goods that were in any part of the Ship ( being brought to Land by the waves ) belong to the King by his Prerogative , or to him to whom he has granted this priviledge . An. 17 Edw. 2. cap. 11. But if any person in the Ship come to land , it is on Wreck , or if either Dog or Cat escape alive , the goods are the owners still , so he comes within a year and a day to claim them . And for this the Statute is plain . VVestm . 1. cap. 4. An. 3 Ed. 1. The Emperors of Rome made no advantage of this sad event , as appears Titulo de Naufragiis , 11. Cod. And Richard the first had some remorse of poor Seamens miseries in this case ; for he quietum clamavit VVreck suis subditis . Hoved. Part. post . Annal. f. 386. Wroth ( from the Belg. Wreedt ) angry , cruel , fierce , inhumane . Wreke ( from the Belg. Wreken ) to avenge or revenge . Wurt or Wort ( Sax. ) an Herb , and Kelewurt ( now Colewurt ) a● Herbe much used for pottage in time of old . The City Wirtsberg in Germany ( in Latin Herbipolis ) had that name from the abundance of Worts or Herbs , which grew about the Hill sides by that Town . Verst . X. XEnodochy ( Xenodochium ) an Hospital . Xeriff , the name by which some Princes of Barbary are instiled . Xerophagy ( xerophagia ) the eating dry meats . Xerophthalmy ( xerophthalmia ) soreness or blearedness of the eyes , when they neither swell , nor run , but onely look somewhat red , having little or no pain , but a kinde of itching . Xilinous ( xilinus ) of or belonging to Cotten . Xylobalsamum ( Gr ) a sweet and odoriferous wood , whereof Baulm naturally comes . Xylopolist ( Xylopola ) a Woodmonger , or one that sells Wood or Timber . Y. YArdland ( virgata terrae ) so called from the Sax. ( Gyrlander ) is not the same quantity in all places ; for in some Countries it contains twenty acres , in some twenty four , in some thirty , according to Mr Lambert ; This Yardland Bracton calls Virgatam Terrae ( Lib. 2. cap. 10. & 27. ) but he expresseth no certainty what it contains . Mr Noy ( in his Compleat Lawyer , pag. 57. ) saith , two Fardels of Land make a Nook , and four Nooks make a Yard-land , and four Yardlands make a Hide of Land ; and four ( but some say eight ) Hides make a Knights Fee , the relief wherof is five pounds , and so ratably . Year ( annus ) was divided by Julius Caesar into twelve moneths , fifty two weeks , three hundred sixty and five dayes , and six hours , wanting eleven minutes , which odd six hours , every Leap or fourth year , make the odd day in February . The moneth is the twelfth part of the Solary year , the week is neer the fourth part of the moneth ; the natural week day , a seventh part of the week , the Quadrant the fourth part of the day , the hour the sixth part of the Quadrant ; the Point the fourth part of the hour ; the Moment or Minute about the fifteenth part of the Point , &c. The Greeks observed the Lunary year , that is twelve revolutions of the Moon , three hundred fifty and four dayes . Br. Yeoman or Yeihan seems to be one word made by contraction of two Danish words ( Young Men ) which I gather out of Canutus's Charter of the Forest , Part 1. fol. 1. num . 2. in these words , Sunt sub quolibet horum quatuor ex mediocribus hominibus , quos Angli ( Legespend ) nuncupant Dani verò ( Young Men ) vocant , locati , qui curam & onus , tum viridis tum veneris suscipiant . These Mr Camden ( Brit. pag. 150. ) placeth next in order to Gentlemen , calling them ( ingenuos ) whose opinithe Statute affirms . Anno 16 Rich. 2. cap. 4. Sir Thomas Smith in his Repub . Angl. lib. 1. cap. 23. calls him a Yoman , whom our Laws call Legalem hominem , which ( says he ) is in English a Freeman born , that may dispend of his own Free-land , in yearly revenue , to the value of forty shillings Sterling ; The former Etymology of the name he likes not , making question , whether it comes of the Dutch ( Yoncker ) or not , which in the Low-Countries signifies a mean Gentleman , or a Gay-fellow ; but he that hath added the Marginal Notes to that Book , seems to draw it from the Saxon ( Geman ) which signifies a married man. Verstegan ( cap. 10. ) saith , ( Gemen ) among the ancient Teutonicks , and Gemaene , in the old Saxon signifies as much as Common , and that the first letter G. is in this word , as in many others , turned into Y. and so written Yemen , and that therefore Yemen or Yeomen signifies Commoners . Yoman signifies an Officer in the Kings House , who is in the middle place , between the Serjeant and the Groom ; As Yoman of the Chaundry , and Yoman of the Scullery , An 33 Hen. 8. cap. 12. This word ( Yongmen ) is used for Yomen in the Statute of 33 H. 8. cap. 10. To Yex , is that we do , when we have the Hicket or Hick up ; some take it , to sob or sigh . Yewl . See Vle . Yoncker ( Belg. ) a lusty Lad , a gay-fellow . Z. ZAchary ( Heb. ) the memory of the Lord. Zane ( Ital. ) the name of John in some parts of Lombardy , but commonly used for a Silly John , a simple fellow , a servile drudge , or foolish Clown , in any Comedy or Interlude . Flo. Zanni ( Ital. ) men , that with foul mouths , unseemly speeches , disfigured faces , mimique gestures and strange actions , profess to procure laughter ; used also for cross biting , cunning-catching knaves . Zecchine ( Ital. ) a coyn of Gold currant in Venice worth about seven shillings and six pence sterling . But the Turkish Zecchine is valued at nine shillings Sterl . Zelots ( Zelotes ) they that fear lest the thing they love should be common to another , they that envy at one , or assay to follow another in living ; but most used , for those that are zealous or fervent in matters of Religion . Zelotypie ( Zelotypia ) jealousie . Zenith ( Arab. ) the point of the Firmament directly over ones head ; called the vertical point . See Nadir . Zephirus ( Gr. ) the West-winde ; called also Favonius . Zereth , an Hebrew measure of nine inches . Zero ( Fr. ) a Cyphre in Arithmatick , a thing that stands for nothing . Zodiack ( zodiacus ) is an oblique imiginary circle in the Firmament , dividing the Sphear athwart the Aequinoctial into two points , viz. the beginning of Aries and Libra ; in the midst whereof is the Ecliptick line ; It s utmost limits are the two Tropicks , Cancer and Capricorn ; its length three hundred and sixty degrees , and breadth Sixteen . It is divided into Twelve signs , Six Northernly and Six Southerly ; the Northern are Aries , Taurus , Cancer , Gemini , Leo , Virgo ; the Southern , Libra , Scorpio , Sagittarius , Capricornus , Aquarius , Pisces ; he turns upon his own Poles from West to East . Zoilus , was a back-biting Poet , who wrot against Homers Works , from whence he was called Homeromastix , i.e. Homers scourge . Hence all envious persons , or such as back-bite or carp at other mens works , are called Zoilists . Zone ( zona ) a Girdle ; In Cosmography it signifies a division made of the Heavens into five parts , whereof one is extream hot , two extream cold , and two temperate . The hot or torrid Zone , is all that part of the Heavens , which is contained between the two Tropicks of Cancer and Capricorn , in which Zone the Sun continually keeps his course . The two cold or frigid Zones are scituate between the two Polar Circles , and the very Poles , continually wanting the neighbourhood of the Sun : The two temperate are betwixt the Tropicks of Cancer and the Artick , and betwixt the Tropick of Capricorn , and the Antartick Circles , enjoying an indifferency between heat and cold ; So that the parts next the torrid Zone are the hotter , and those next the frigid are the colder . These five Zones are disposed according to the order of the five Zones in Heaven . Vtque duae dextra Coelum , totidemque sinistra Parte secant Zona , quinta est arden●ior illis : Sic onus inclusum numero distinxit eodem Cura Dei , totidemque plagae tellure premuntur . Quarum quae media est , non est habitabilis aestu ; Nix tegit alta duas ; totidem inter utramque locavit Temperiemque dedit mistá cum frigore flamma . Ovid. Zone also signifies a Soldiers Belt or Marriage Girdle ; the Soldiers Belt was lined in the inside , where , when they went to war they put their money ; whence Horace saith , of a man that has lost his money , Zonam perdidit . Young Maids when they were married , were wont to have a Marriage-Girdle , tied about their middle , which their Husbands , the first might did untie ; whence Zonam solvere has been translated , to deflowr a Virgin. Zonarious ( zonarius ) of or belonging to a Girdle , Purse , or Zone . Zonigrism ( zonigrismus ) an Instrument with a long and narrow neck , to convey potions into the stomack with little taste of bitterness . Zoography ( zoographia ) the painting or picturing of beasts . Zoographer ( zoographus ) a Painter or one that draws the pictures of beasts . Dr Br. Zoophytes ( zoophyta ) that are in part living creatures , in part plants ; as Oysters , Spunges , &c. Zygostatical ( Zygostaticus ) belonging to the pound weight of Sixteen ounces , or to a Clark of a Market that looks to weights . Ipse mihi plaudo ; nam stulta è fece popelli , Hic scripsisse feret me benè , & ille malé . FINIS . ERRATA . In AMort , read , what al a●ort . Applumbuture , read , applum●atura . Auxil . Forces , r. Countries . For Babe● r. Babel . Banes , r. Abannan . r. Battalogy . Batavians , r. Ba●a●i . Bel , r. ●miramis : Belzebu● , ● . C●wley's Note : Brigantine . ● . Faleque . Bugge●ie , r. 25 Hen. 8. cap. 6. r. Cacafuego . Capuched , dele , into the. Chronogram , r. 1638. Commaterial , r. matter o● . Concords , r. which is . Conservator , r. conductuum . Cristal , r. crystalius Crosier , r. French , Creix . Diatessaron , r. of four . Direption , r. them away . Dissidence , r. or disagreeing . Edish , r. aftermath . Enclitick , r. trochivè . Esquilinus , r. Hills and the better . r. Euintegrous . Exceptor , r. Writes ▪ Excommunication , r. of the lawfull communication of the. Eximietie , r. eximietas . r. Expatiate and Exorcist . For Feuid , r. Feud . Flamens , r. of woollen . For Gazel r. Gazet. r. Geld or Gelt . Germination , r. germinatio . For Gipsony r. Gipsous . Girasole , r. Opals . r. Giromantie . Grilliade , r. broiled on . Haleyon , r. times , Haleyan . Harold , r. use of them with . r. Harmonick . Hayward , r. Haye . Hellespont , r. Propontis● . r. Hierosolymitan . Hypocaust , r. Ste● . Jannock , r. Avenaceum . For Jesuats , r. Jesuati and C●ant●ius . In Inhibition , r. a writ . r. Insulture ( insultura ) r. Intersation ( intersatio ) Knoll . r. duni pacis . r. ●as●iviate . r. Locuplecity ( locuplecitas ) Lombardeer , r. See Caursines . Longanimity , r. expelling . Loray Law , r. if it were . r. Lushbrough . Malachite , r. dark green . Measure , r. Fadom six foot . Meridian , r. meridies . Messile , r. Mis●eo . Moly , r. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Morglay , r. Mortglai●e . r. Morose . Multivious . Mumie , r. mu●ia . Muses , r. beatu Musteline , r. VVeesel . r. Mutilate and Mynning . Numerical , dele the last one . Pilgrim , r. differ thus . Piepowders , r. court . Plenilunary , r. full moon . Portgreve , r. Prafectus , Dele Prepositor in a School . Pullation , r. bringing . r. Pyrenean Mountains . Rapine , r. ( rapina ) Refection , r. refreshing . r. Residentiary . Rouge Cross , r. Rouge dragon . Sanhedrim . r. trium virorum . Sooterkin , for Bat r. Rat. r. Sphear ( sphaera ) Spiritualities , r. Prestation . r. Spissity ( spissita● ) r. Stenographie ( Stenogr . r. Strand or Strond . For Splendit , r. Splendid . r. Subte●fluous . Surrender , r. in intendment , Synoper , r. Synopis . r. Tephramantie and Tetarch . r. Tonnage and Tornada . Transalpine , r. Italian . r. Trinominal and Tripedaneous . Turneament , r. temere . Vertumnals , r. treating . With some other literal faults . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A28464-e170 In Pref in Com. on Littl. 
A54746	----	The new world of English words, or, A general dictionary containing the interpretations of such hard words as are derived from other languages ... together with all those terms that relate to the arts and sciences ... : to which are added the significations of proper names, mythology, and poetical fictions, historical relations, geographical descriptions of most countries and cities of the world ... / collected and published by E.P. Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696? 1658 Approx. 1779 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 192 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A54746 Wing P2068 ESTC R14781 12430206 ocm 12430206 61937 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A54746) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 61937) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 286:9) The new world of English words, or, A general dictionary containing the interpretations of such hard words as are derived from other languages ... together with all those terms that relate to the arts and sciences ... : to which are added the significations of proper names, mythology, and poetical fictions, historical relations, geographical descriptions of most countries and cities of the world ... / collected and published by E.P. Phillips, Edward, 1630-1696? [354] p. Printed by E. Tyler for Nath. Brooke ..., London : 1658. Added t.p. engraved. Errata: p. [323]. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng English language -- Dictionaries -- Early works to 1700. 2004-07 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-09 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2004-10 Ben Griffin Sampled and proofread 2004-10 Ben Griffin Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion The New World of English Words , or a Generall DICTIONARY Contaning the : Terms Etimologies — Definitions of hard words , as they are deriued from other Languages ▪ there proper significations through●out the Artes & Sciences , whether Liberall or Mecanick ▪ by E. P. Printed for Nath : Brooke at the Angell in Cornhill 1658 ▪ THE NEW WORLD OF ENGLISH WORDS : Or , a General DICTIONARY : Containing the Interpretations of such hard words as are derived from other Languages ; whether Hebrew , Arabick , Syriack , Greeke , Latin , Italian , French , Spanish , British , Dutch , Saxon , &c. their Etymologies and perfect Definitions : Together with All those Terms that relate to the Arts and Sciences ; whether Theologie , Philosophy , Logick , Rhetorick , Grammer , Ethicks , Law , Natural History , Magick , Physick , Chirurgery , Anatomy , Chimistry , Botanicks , Mathematicks , Arithmetick , Geometry , Astronomy , Astrology , Chiromancy , Physiognomy , Navigation , Fortification , Dialling , Surveying , Musick , Perspective , Architecture , Heraldry , Curiosities , Mechanicks , Staticks , Merchandize , Jewelling , Painting , Graving , Husbandry , Horsemanship , Hawking , Hunting , Fishing , &c. To which are added The significations of Proper Names , Mythology , and Poetical Fictions , Historical Relations , Geographical Descriptions of most Countries and Cities of the World ; especially of these three Nations wherein their chiefest Antiquities , Battles , and other most Memorable Passages are mentioned ; as also all other Subjects that are useful , and appertain to our English Language . A Work very necessary for Strangers , as well as our own Countrymen , for all Persons that would rightly understand what they discourse , write , or read . Collected and published by E. P. For the greater honour of those Learned Gentlemen and Artists that have been assistant in the most Practical Sciences , their Names are affixed in the next Page . Dedit Deus his quoque finem . Virgil. London , Printed by E. Tyler , for Nath. Brooke at the Sign of the Angel in Cornhill , 1658. The names of those learned Gentlemen and Artists , as also of those Arts and Sciences , to which they contributed their assistance . ANtiquity's , Elias Ashmole , Esq Law Terms , Mr. Herne . Magick , Mr. Turner . Physick , Dr. Sparks Chirurgery and Anatomy , Mr. Ed. Molins . Mr. Will. Molins . Chimistry , Dr. Currer· Herbary or Botanicks , Mr. Morgan ▪ Mr. Coles . Mathematicks , Mr. Moore . Geometry , Dr. Wybard . Astrology , Mr. Lilly. Mr. Booker . Chyromancy , Physiogmony , Mr. Sanders . Navigation , Mr. Wilsford . Fortification , Mr. Faulconberge . The names of the Mathematical instruments . Mr. Greatorex . Surveying , Mr. Eyre Mr. Blagrave . Musick , Dr· Coleman . Architecture , Mr. Ed. Carter . Perspective , Mr· W. Carter . Heraldry , Mr. Knight . Mr. Nower . T. Rawlins , Esq. Jewelling , Mr. Gyffard . Painting , Mr. Walker . Mr. Hales . Graving , Mr. Fathorn . Husbandry , Mr. Austen . Cookery , Mr. May. Horsmanship , Mr. Green. Hawking and Hunting , Mr. Gardener . Fishing , Mr. Taverner . TO THE MOST ILLUSTRIOUS , AND IMPARTIAL SISTERS , THE TWO UNIVERSITIES . Most Equal Sisters , NEver did any Volume raise it selfe to that heighth of reputation , at once to purchase every Reader for a friend or favourite : it is a known truth , and not to be denied that our Language hath in these later Ages been advanced to the admiration , if not the emulation , of other Nations , and whatsoever unnatural reproaches have been stuck upon her beauties by the petulancy of Criticks , hath strangely , but chiefly , proceeded from the unworthy attempts of those that have obtruded on this Age their transcriptions of Indexes , rather then Dictionaries , as if our Language were narrower then the rest of the Worlds , or to be confined to their short-hand Epitomes : A high miscarriage through which the learned and unlearned have most unhappily suffered ; certainly the Regalia of our Language could not have been worse injured then by being vitiated and corrupted by such spurious and imperfect Editions : for if the Grandeur of such an undertaking be rightly considered , no ordinary industry will be required , next the consulting with the Monuments of ancient Records and Manuscripts derived to us from reverend Authours , there will be occasion to peruse the Works of our ancient Poets , as Geffry Chaucer the greatest in his time , for the honour of our Nation ; as also some of our more Modern Poets , as Spencer Sidny , Draiton , Daniel , with our Reformers of the Scene , Johnson , Shakesphear , Beaumont , and Fletcher , and among the renowned Antiquaries , Cambden , Lambard , Spelman , Selden , and divers others ▪ There will also be exacted from him that undertakes a task of this nature , a necessary knowledge of the Languages in which he is certain to incounter with a multitude of Criticisms , nor must he be wanting in his strictest search of most Dictionaries , that he may be able to distinguish the terms , several derivations , differences , definitions , interpretations , proper significations of the words of our Tongue , how borrowed , how mixed with others , how with its own . Lastly , forraign Authours are to be made use of , and amongst them , the Germans are reputed most expert in the Mechanical Arts. Thus , ever Honoured Sisters , you are not unacquainted what Siftings , Anvelings , Traversings , there ought to be of Authours ▪ so that he that undertakes this Enterprize should first seriously perpend what difficulties he is to passe through , how dangerous it is for him to faile in such a Design , what a weight of disparagement he is likely to sink under : a Volume of this nature being of no lesse concernment , then not onely to informe young men in their deficiencies of the right knowledge of words , either for writing or discourse , but also to establish those of riper years in their prudentials as an universally through-pac't Dictionary , and may serve for an Interpreter or Arbiter of their Studies and humane Transactions ; so that a work thus rightly constituted may be said in some kind , to approach near to a Divine Skill , and that the rather as it doth in it selfe contain all those Idea's that concern the Speech or Pen , such as are usefull to drive on and inforce with full vigour and strength , the affaires of mankind . Illustrious Sisters , if we look upon the exemplary incouragements of some of our Laureate Worthies , whose noble spirits have not suffered the ashes of Antiquity to be raked out of her sacred Urnes , as at this time the admired Workes of Mr. Dodsworth and of Mr. Dugdale have informed the World. Some of these Heroick Persons out of a farther zeal to preserve our Language from the barbarismes and ruinous deformities of the times , to present her in her native glories , from their own more prac●ical and experienc't insights in some of the Arts and Sciences , have contributed in what they were more particularly excellent , to the building up of this Volume ▪ Their names I have affixed to their own learned indeavours , not onely as I my self acknowledge their opportune and incomparable assistances , but that the Bookseller so much obliged to them for so unusual a curtesie , might expresse his humblest tenders of gratitude ; as also that you , most Noble Sisters , would be pleased to take notice of this your learned Retinue ▪ and that there are Benefactours still surviving to celebrate your flourishing felicities . I am not ignorant , that though I am thus fortified with the pregnant aid of those exquisite Persons , to which my own inferiour , though studious indeavours are joyned , that I shall neverthelesse fall short of answering the curiosities of some critical expectations . Mr. Minshaw that spent his life and estate in scrutinizing into Languages , still remaines obnoxious to the misconstructions of many . But let such invading censurers well consider the infinity of mechanical words , how every Art hath its peculiar Terms , and then if they are in their right wits , it will seem almost impossible to them , for one man though a healthful person that hath spent the best part of the leasure of his life , to erect such a Pyramid ▪ more especially if those difficulties are rightly pondered that are to be waded through ▪ the conduct of costs in that continued converse that must be had with Artists , besides the great labour , with which the most generous Forrainers that have gone about to manage such happy designs , have been wasted and tired out ; these considerations being ingeniously weighed by the wiser sort of men , I hope the learned & charitable Critick will intertain a favourable approbation of these labours , as he cannot find me wanting , at least of a more than ordinary industry to compleat this Work , both in examining and right digestion of my own papers , as also for that tender care that hath been had of those happy contributions I received from others . Most Reverenced Sisters , my greatest ambition is your affectionate esteem , which having but obtained , I shall ever strive to imploy the best strength of my life and studies in your service ; in the mean space I question not but I have already done my Country so much good service as to have stript away those obsolete termes that have defaced our language , not degrading too much from its primitive integrity , nor declining what with judge - I might insert . To conclude , I have illustrated and refined it , instated it in its proper majesty , rendred it admirably useful for all persons on all occasions , worthy of the greatest masteries of Rhetoricians and the tongues of our Vernaculous Oratours : with a no lesse honourable submission have I prostrated these my Indeavours at your Learned Feet . EDW. PHILLIPS . To the truly Noble , and Perfect Lover and Incourager of Arts and Sciences , Sir WILLIAM PASTON Knight and Baronet . SIR , IT hath not been the least of my care , that this present Work might be as happy in the fortune of its addresse , as in the publicknesse of its design , which is the General advancement of Learning and Arts ; nor could it have been more advantagiously fortified against the various and uncertain suffrages of the World , then by being adopted into the Patronage of such a Person , whose accomplishment in the Arts and Ingenuities renders him capable to judge of what is written well or amisse in any of them ; and that this attribute doth belong properly to your self , is evident to the World by more then a few instances . Your admirable skill in Physick manifested in your frequent Cures of the most desperate Diseases , and those happy receits you have consecrated to the benefit of mankind ; Your exquisite knowledge in Husbandry and Horsemanship ; Your deep insight into the Mathematicks , and the more delicate sort of the Mechanicks , as appears by your excellent choice of Jewels , and your rare fancy and invention in Carvings , Turning , Paintings , and Annealings , in which the very Artists you have imployed have submitted to your politer judgement ; Your diligent search into the greatest curiosities of Nature ; wherein how much you have exceeded all others of our Nation that have been famous in their Collections , your Musaeum abounding with an infinite variety of the most choice and admired Rarities , can sufficiently testifie : And indeed , What qualities lesse noble then these I have mentioned , could spring from the vertuous inclinations of your youth , which for many years was spent in useful travels ( not so much to see fashions , as to learn experience , and the true knowledge of men and manners ) of which the Learned Mr. Greaves makes an honourable mention in his Survey of the Pyramids of Egypt ? These vertues , together with the enlargednesse of your mind in making your House the Center of Hospitality to Strangers and Ingenuous Persons , are no lesse a true mark of the Noblenesse of your Family , then the Supporters of your Armes , a bearing which is very rare , and onely peculiar to the most ancient Houses . Vpon this foundation it is that I build my confidence ; but to me a person little meriting in my self the honour of your acceptance , my propitious Stars have been assistant on this occasion , and have so brought it about , that not I , but two Famous Vniversities and the greatest Artists of our time , should throw this Work at your feet , and in so doing they have obliged me by a favour which nothing can equal but the Honour of your receiving it from them by my hands . If what is here more particularly contained of the more Noble Mechanick Arts , come not up to that heighth as to satisfie the curiosity of your excellent judgement in them , yet thus much our Volume may without arrogance pretend to , That there is here a fairer way begun then ever , for the promoting of that most useful part of Learning ; especially since it could not intend that alone , but takes in all the other parts beside : which all together with one consent , like the needle tending towards the North , present themselves to wait upon , you , who have so great an influence upon them , erecting a Monument to your fame , great as the glory I aspire to in stiling my self , Sir , Your most humble , and most devoted servant , EDW. PHILLIPS . To the truly Noble and Acomplisht Gentlemen , Sir ROBERT BOLLES of Scampton , in the County of Lincoln , Baronet , AND EDWARD HUSSY of Cathorp , in the County of Lincoln , Esquire . AT such a time chiefly it is , Most Honoured Sirs , that a Nation may be truly said to flourish , when those that are the most considerable in fortune and outward splendour , are also the most conspicuous for Learning and inward Worth ; nor can the greatest Sciences and most noble Qualities be look't upon by any with so true an esteem and value , as by those who have themselves attained the highest perfection in them : and among the rest whom such qualifications make to be reputed the Ornament of the Age , it had been impossible that the World should be unacquainted with two such Eminent Persons as your selves ; who , being as inseparable in friendship and alliance as in the ●ffinity of your vertues , could not , without injury to so happy an union , have been separated in this addresse . Though decency will not permit me to speak over-high of this Work wherewith I here present you ; yet this I may say , That Fame hath usher'd it into the World , with the attest of so many Worthy hands , that never yet in English any Piece came forth with happier Auspices ; to which there could have been nothing wanting to Crown its fortune absolutely , but your most equal receptions , for which it is prepared , with this return of gratitude , That besides all those other Arts and Sciences , of which both of you are equal favourers and promoters , you will also have the satisfaction to finde a considerable account of those accomplishments which are more especially agreeable to each of your peculiar fancies ; namely of that Divine and Seraphic quality ( which first brought order and civility into the World , which mollifies the most barbarous and salv●ge natures , and calmes the unruly passions of the Soul ) of which one of you is so great a favourer , and so absolute a Master in it , that your whole Retinue following your example , are able performers in Musick , and may as truly be called your Quire as your Family ; As also ( which chiefly delights the other of you ) that most manly and generous Exercise of Hunting , the sport of greatest Kings and Princes in all Ages , by which the youth of all Warlike Nations have been alwayes spurred on to martial Discipline , and the atcheivement of the most Heroick actions : Having therefore so great a veneration to whatsoever is excellent and worthy of highest praise , I could not omit to celebrate with my utmost indeavours , the owners of such perfections ; nor could any consideration have more absolutely charmed unto your service , the Humble admirer of your Vertues Edw. Phillips . THE PREFACE , By way of Introduction to the Right Knowledge of our Language . THe very Summe and Comprehension of all Learning in General , is chiefely reducible into these two grand Heads , Words and Things ; and though the latter of these two be , by all men , not without just cause , acknowledged the more solid and substantial part of Learning ; yet since , on the other side , it cannot be denyed but that without Language ( which is as it were the vehiculum or conveyancer of all good Arts ) things cannot well be expressed or published to the World , it must be necessarily granted , that the one is little lesse necessary , and an inseparable concomitant of the other ; for let a Subject be never so grave , never so useful , carrying in it never so clear and perfect a demonstration , yet if it be not pertinently worded , and urged with a certain power and efficacy to the understanding , but in a forced , tumultuous , or disjoynted phrase , it will either not be understood , or so slightly and wit● such indifference regarded , that it will come short of working that effect which it promised to it self . And it is a thing mainly observable , that all those ancient Authours that have written the best things , have left them to posterity in the purest and most genuine Language . Among the Greeks , who have better deserved of the World for the excellency of their Works , than Plato , Xenophon , Thucydides ? Who among the Latins have been more famous than Livie , Cicero , Salust ? nor have all these been lesse admired for the properness and elegancy of their stile , than for the noblenesse of the things they delivered ; neither have there been wanting of our own Nation , especially in these later Ages , those , who are not onely justly esteemed to stand in competition with the best of the Ancients for the verity and soundnesse of their matter , but , have also refin'd our Language to that heighth , that , for elegance , for fluency , and happinesse of expression , I am perswaded it gives not place to any Modern Language , spoken in Europe ; scarcely to the Latin and Greek themselves . Now as for that subtile distinction used by some , between a Language and a Speech , I look upon it rather as an over-curious nicety , than any consideration of serious weight or moment ; nor can I be induced to believe otherwise but , That whatever kind of sermocination is generally used in any Country , may very properly be termed a Language ; for if the commixture of a Language esteemed the most ancient , with that of a bordering or invading Nation cause it to degenerate into a Speech , even the Latin Tongue will hardly be exempted from that denomination , since it is no hard matter to prove that even that also descended from a Language yet more ancient than it self ; forasmuch as that Latin which was spoken immediately after the expulsion of the Roman Kings , when the League was made between Rome and Carthage , was so altered in the time of Polybius , which was 350 years after , that it was hardly to be understood ; and from the time of Romulus we must needs think it suffered a far greater change : yet it was so far from being thought corrupted by this alteration , that it was judged not to have come to its 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or flourishing heighth of elegance , until the Age wherein Cicero lived . And if the change which is introduced by time , not onely not deprave , but , refine a Language , much more will the alteration that is made by the interspersion of forraign words , especially coming from the more southerly and civil Climates , conduce to the sweetning and smoothing of those harsh and rough accents which are peculiar to the most northerly Countries . And besides , to find out the original and most unchanged Languages , we must have recourse as far backward as the confusion of Babel , which was the first nativity of Tongues ; and so make a vain search for things which perhaps are no where now extant . True it is indeed , that Scaliger reckons up about 11 several Tongues ( others 14 ) spoken in Europe , which have no affinity or intermixture one with another ; the chief whereof , not to mention the Greek and Latin , which are now no native but acquired Languages , are the Teutonick or Dutch , the Slavonian , the Cantabrian , the old Brittish or Celtick ; these are commonly called Mother Tongues , and those which are any way compounded of any of these Mother Tongues , or derived from them , some think fit to call Dialects , a●●hough notwithstanding this composition or derivation , such a vast distance may be seen between them , as renders them unintelligible to each other ; whereas indeed a Dialect is but the self same Language , spoken in several Provinces of the same Nation , with some small difference ; as the pronouncing of a vowel either broader or finer , or some little variation of a word or syllable ; in such a manner the people of Sommersetshire speak differently from those of Middlsex , yet both may very well be understood of each other ; and so the people of Florence from those of Rome : No otherwise in the Greek Language did the Dorick , Ionick , Attick , Aeolick , Dialects differ from one another . But , not to insist any longer upon so nice a point , my intention is , as an Introduction to the particular scope and design of this Book , to speak something in general of the Original of our English Tongue , of the basis or foundation of it , of the reason of its several changes , and how far it participates of other Languages , and of the peculiar Idiome or propriety thereof . That , what was originally spoken in this Nation , was the ancient Brittish Language , needs not to be doubted , nor is it improbable what some affirm , that it was very near , if not altogether the same with , the Gallick , or Celtick , since both these people were by the ancient Greeks called by one common name , Celtae ; besides , if we consider the solid arguments of Verstegan , and those that have writ most judiciously , concerning the Original of the Brittains , nothing seems to me more consonant to truth , then that the Brittains anciently descended from the Gaules , and that Brutus rather a Gallick , then a Trojan Prince , changed the name of Albion into that of Brittain : but certain it is that of this ancient Brittish , there remains scarsely any track , or footstep in the language spoken at this day in the main part of England , but hath remained intire from the Saxon Conquest to this very time in that part , which is commonly called Cambro-Brittania , or Wales , to which ( being a mountanous Countrey , and strong for defence , and which onely of all the rest of the Island was left unconquered by the Saxons ) a great number of the Native inhabitants betook themselves by flight , preserving both their ancient race and speech , which from the Countrey Wales , is now called Welsh . In the same manner the Cantabrian , or ancient tongue of Spain , notwithstanding the frequent invasions of that Countrey by the Carthaginians , Moors , Romans and Vandals , is yet preserved in Biscay , Guipuscoa and Navarr● ; and in the Mountains of Granata , called Alpuxarras the Arabick is still retained , together with the off-spring of the Moors , that in times past possessed the greatest part of Spain ; as also in Armorica , or Brittany in France , the old Gallick is spoken at this day , which very near resembling the Welsh , is a great argument of the ancient affinity of these two tongues . From this so total a subversion of the Brittish Empire by the English-Saxons , followed as total a subversion of the Brittish language , and even of the very name of Brittain ( which from the ancient habitation of the Saxons near the Baltick Sea , was named Anglia , or England ) a thing which was neither effected by the Roman nor the Norman Conquest , for neither the Provincial Latin could extinguish the Native Brittish , nor the French brought in by King Williams followers , the Saxon which was then in use , for it is observable that where the Conquerours over-power the former inhabitants in multitude , their language also by little and little prevails over that of the Countrey , otherwise it wasts and spends it self till it be in a manner utterly lost , like a small quantity of water thrown upon a heap of sand . Since therefore these Saxons were a people of Germany , and their speech very little , if at all differing from the rest of the Germans , it is hence evident that our language derives its Original from the Dutch or Teutonick , which seems to be of greater Antiquity then any other language now spoken in Europe , and to have continued the same without any considerable alteration , and in the same Countrey where it was first planted , through a long tract of many ages ; for , not to urge the opinion of Goropius Becanus , who affirmeth it to have been the first language of the world , and spoken by Adam in Paradise ; it is certainly the common consent of most Authentick Writers , that the Dutch tongue still in use , and possessing a large compasse of ground , is no lesse ancient then the very first coming in of the Teutones into Germany , under the conduct of Tuisco , which is no wonder , if we consider that the Teutones , or Germans , being the very first people that ever inhabited Germany , have continued in the possession of it to this very day uncorrupted , unsubdued and ( as their language , so themselves ) unmixed with any forraigne Nation . Nor is the large extent of this language lesse considerable , for as much as it is spoken throughout all Germany , Denmark , Norwey , Swethland , Belgia , the Iland of Thule , now called Iseland , and divers of the Northern Iles , besides those places into which it hath spread it self by conquest , as into Gallia by the Franck's , and by the Saxons into this Iland , where it yet remaineth in a very great measure . And though our English tongue hath of late ages intertained so great a number of forraign words , that every age it seemeth to swerve more and more from what it was originally ; yet if we compare it diligently with the Dutch , we shall soon finde that almost all the chief material words , and those which are oftnest used in the most familiar , and vulgar discourse , are all , either meer Dutch , or palpably derived from the Dutch. For example , the most primitive and uncompounded words , appellatives , the names of natural things , animals , vegetals , as Earth , Heaven , Winde , Oak , Man , Bird , Stone , &c. words that imply a relation , as Father , Brother , Son , Daughter ; Pronouns , and Monosyllable Verbs , as Mine , Thine , This , What , Love , Give , besides all our numerals , particles , conjunctions , and the like . Concerning these words it is very remarkable , that most of them consisting but of one syllable ; neverthelesse , the things that are understood by them are as significantly express't , as the same things in other tongues are by words of two , or more syllables ; as the word Good is as proper as either 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek , or Bonus in Latin , a matter of no small advantage : for if that sentence be judged most praise-worthy that containeth most matter in fewest words , why may we not commend that word , which consisting of fewest syllables , is yet of as great force as if it had more . No lesse considerable is the proper , and most pertinent signification of some words which are produced by the coalition , or clapping together of two of these monosyllables into one , as the word Wisdome , which is compounded of these two words Wise , i. e. Grave , Sage , Prudent , and the old Saxon word Dome , i. e. judgement , or sentence , since wisdome may most properly be said to be the result of a Grave , and solid judgement . By this that hath been said it is evident , that the Saxon , or German tongue is the ground-work upon which our language is founded , the mighty stream of forraigne words that hath since Chaucers time broke in upon it , having not yet wash't away the root : onely it lies somewhat obscur'd , and overshadow'd like a Rock , or Fountain overgrown with bushes . Whether this innovation of words deprave , or inrich our English tongue is a consideration that admits of various censures , according to the different fancies of men . Certainly as by an invasion of strangers , many of the old inhabitants must needs be either slain , or forced to fly the Land ; so it happens in the introducing of strange ●ords , the old ones in whose room they come must needs in time ●e forgotten , and grow obsolete ; sometimes indeed , as Mr. Cambden observes , there is a peculiar significancy in some of the old Saxon words , as in stead of fertility they had wont to say Eordswela , which is as much as the wealth , or riches of the earth , yet let us not bewail the losse of them for this , for we shall finde divers Latin words , whose Etymology is as remarkable , and founded upon , as much reason , as in the word intricate , which ( coming from Tricae i. e. those small threads about Chickens legs , that are an encombrance to them in their going ) signifieth entangled ; and it is worth the taking notice , that although divers Latin words cannot be explained , but by a Periphrasis , as Insinuation is a winding ones self in by little and little , yet there are others , both French and Latin , that are match't with Native words equally significant , equally in use among us , as with the French Denie , we parallel our gainsay , with the Latin resist our withstand , with Interiour , inward , and many more of this nature : So that by this means these forrainers instead of detracting ought from our tongue , add copiousnesse and varity to it , now whether they add , or take from the ornament of it , it is rather to be referr'd to sence and fancy , then to be disputed by arguments . That they come for the most part from a language , as civil as the Nation wherein it was first spoken , I suppose is without controversy , and being of a soft and even sound , nothing savouring of harshnesse , or barbarisme , they must needs mollifie the tongue with which they incorporate , and to which , though of a different nature , they are made fit and adapted by long use ; in fine , let a man compare the best English , now written , with that which was written three , or four ages ago , and if he be not a doater upon antiquity , he will judge ours much more smooth , and gratefull to the ear : for my part that which some att●●bute to Spencer as his greatest praise , namely his frequent use of obsolete expressions , I account the greatest blemish to his Poem , otherwise most excellent , it being an equal vice to adhere obstinately to old words , as fondly to affect new ones . But not to dwell any longer upon their Apology , I shall now for the clearer Method proceed to the division of them , there are not many Nations in Europe , some of whose words we have not made bold with , as all of us together have borrowed from the ancients in great abundance , some we take from the Italians , as Abase , Abone , Abbord , Balustrade , Balcone , some from the Spanish , as Abandon , Envelope , Disembogue , Chapin ; many from the French , as Desire , Deny , Command , Embellish , Embossement ; among the ancient languages we have from the Greek not a few , as those that end in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in m. as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epigram , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Enthymem , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with us in t , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epithet , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in er , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Astrologer , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with us in ast , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Paraphrast , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ist , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gymnosophist , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ick , as Dramatick , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in isk , as Basilisk , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in aph , as Chirograph Paragraph , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in arch , as Monarch , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in y , or ie , as Philosophy , Rhapsodie , those in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in ism , as Syllogism , Sophism ; also their verbs in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , with us end in ize , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cauterize ; in imitation , of which some , out of a pretty Capricchio , have given common words the same termination , as enfranchize , spiritualize , wantonize . The next thing to be observed of Greek words is their manner of composition , they are either compounded of these following prepositions , as ( 1 ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , correspondent to the Latin Re , which in composition signifieth again , as Anaphora reductio , or a bringing back again , 2 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which , compounded with another word , implies an opposition , as Antiperistasis , an opposing of any quality against its contrary , 3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , both wayes , or about , as Amphibious , i. e. living upon either element , land , or water , 4 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which in composition signifies a contrariety , as from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a hiding , Apocalypsis , a revealing , 5 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , implies a dilating , or a dividing , as Dioeresis , a dividing of one syllable into two , 6 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , answering in composition to the Latin , De as Cataphora , a carrying downward , 7 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in , or upon , as Epitaph , an inscription upon any ones Tombe , 8 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , out , as Ectype , a thing taken out of another Copy , 9 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , in , or inward , as Engastrimyth , one that speaks inwardly , 10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which implies a changing , as Metamorphosis , a changing of shapes , 11 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which implies a comparison , as Parabola , a story brought for a similitude , 12 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , about , as Peripherie , a carrying about , 13 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , before , as Prodromus , a fore-runner , 14 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , to , or toward , as Prosthesis , an adding unto , 15 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , under , as Hypogastrick , the lowermost part of the belly , 16 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , above , as Hyperphysical , that which is above nature . Or else of other words , as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , first , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , many , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , false , and the privative 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , for example , Prototype , an Original , or first Copy , Polygon , a figure that hath many angles , or corners ; Pseudomartyr , a false witnesse , or conterfeit Martyr ; Atrophy , a want of the nutritive faculty , these are the most material , and all that are in use in our tongue . But for the Latin words they will require a larger account to be given of them ; these are the main body of our Army of forraigne words , these are so numerous that they may well be thought to equal , if not exceed the number of our ancient words ; onely , here is the difference , That these are the more essential , those the more remote , and rather the superstructure then the foundation . Of these Latin words there are many ( as also some of the French , and others before mentioned ) that by long custome are so ingrafted , and naturaliz'd into our tongue , that now they are become free denizons , without any difference , or distinction between them and the Native words , and are familiarly understood by the common sort , and most unlearned of the people ; as nature , fortune , member , intend , inform , invent , and the like , others there are which though frequently written , and used in common discourse by the politer sort , and infranchized at least , if not naturalized , are not yet so very trite as to be understood by all , since divers ingenuous persons , addicted to the reading of books , are neverthelesse unacquainted with the Latin , and other forraign languages , and so are at a losse when they meet with unusual words , and some people if they spy but a hard word , are as much amazed as if they had met with a Hobgoblin , and these are they , more especially , the cognizance whereof is one part , though not the greatest , of this designe , but that there are in the book some words ordinary and trite enough , for I thought it better in such a case as this , rather to exceed then to be too sparing , since an exuberance is easilier cut off then a defect supplied ; I had thought once to have omitted this branch of our following work , as having been performed by others before , and that not without some diligence , but I thought it not enough to have added many more things then were yet ever thought on , but also to have the quintessence of what ever was offer'd at before , in another cast and better method , that it might be a complete work , and not wanting in any thing that could be desired in a designe so usefull to the Nation ; besides , that even of these sorts of words there were many wanting before , which were requisite to be inserted , many not so properly rendred as was convenient , divers cram'd in by the head and shoulders without any distinction , but as if they had been as good as the best ; whereas in works of this nature men ought to fly all Pedantismes , and not rashly to use all words alike , that are met with in every English Writer , whether Authentick , or not , this is a bad example to the unadmonish't Reader , and might incourage him to suck in barbarisme as soon as Elegance , but by long experience out of a continued course of reading the best Authors , and conversation with the better sort of company to examine throughly what words are natural , and ligitimate , and what spurious , and forc'st ; nor is it proper to quote an Authour for a word that long custome hath sufficiently authoriz'd , but either such as are grown out of use , or such as are used onely upon special occasions , or as terms of Art ; and not upon the credit of every one neither , nor to quote any modern , or trivial Authour for words used by those more ancient , or of greater credit : I do not deny indeed , but that there are many words in this book ( though fewer then in other books of this kinde ) which I would not recommend to any for the purity , or reputation of them , but this I had not done , but to please all humours , knowing that such kinde of words are written , & that the undistinguishing sort of Readers would take it very ill if they were not explained , but withall I have set my mark upon them , that he that studies a natural and unaffected stile , may take notice of them to beware of them , either in discourse , or writing ; and if any of them may have chanc't to have escap't the Obelisck ( as such a thing may happen in spight of deligence ) there can arise no other inconvenience from it , but an occasion to exercise the choice and judgement of the Reader , especially being forewarned , who if he have a fancie capable to judge of the harmony of words , and their musical cadence , cannot but discern when a word falls naturally from the Latin termination , when forc't and torn from it , as Imbellick , which might indeed come from Imbellicus , if any such word were , but how they can handsomely deduce it from Imbellis , is hard to resolve , if this be bad imprescriptible is worse , being derived , neither I nor any body else knows how , since Praescriptus is the nearest they can go : there are also worth the pains of avoiding certain kinde of Mule-words propagated of a Latin Sire , and a Greek Dam , such as Acrilogie , Aurigraphy , and others ejusdem farinae ; but I have also met with some forged , as I shrewdly suspect , by such as undertook to explain them ; so monstrously barbarous , and insufferable , that they are not worthy to be mentioned , nor once thought on , yet that ye may guesse at Hercules by his foot , one of them I shall produce , which is Suicide , a word which I had rather should be derived from Sus , a Sow , then from the Pronown Sui , unlesse ▪ there be some mystery in it ; as if it were a Swinish part for a man to kill himself . What cautions more to give for the avoiding of such grosse words as these I know not , onely this in general , To be ever conversant in the best Authours , as Sir Philip Sidny , Sir Thomas More , Sir Water Rawleigh , my Lord Verulam , Ben Johnson , happy as well in his prose as verse , and for his instructions in well writing excellent ; nor is this present age utterly barren : not to mention our late Romances , which for stile are not quite to be rejected , neither are they void of delight and some elegancies , onely intermixed with a kinde of grave majestical , and serious folly . Now for those words that are of a right stamp , and currant among us , that they may orderly be dinstinguish't by their Terminations , and not be known at randome , meerly , and by chance ; I shall shew exactly how they are formed from the Original Latin words , and reduce them into certain classes , or ranks , where note that the Characteristick of a word alwayes consists in the end , or termination . First , Our Adjectives are formed from the Latins , either by casting away the Final us , as from Promptus Prompt , from Justus Just , or changing us into ed , as Infatuatus , Infatuated , or into ous , as Obvius Obvious , sometimes into an , as Plebeius , Plebeian , or by changing ilis into ile , as from Agilis comes Agile , from facilis facile , ax into acious , as efficax efficacious , bilis into ble , as tractabilis tractable , Docibilis Docible ; alis into al , as Orientalis Oriental ; ans , or ens , into ant , or ent , as constans constant , eloquens eloquent , or into our as inferior inferiour , rius into ry , as contrarius contrary , Transitorius Transitory . Secondly , Noun substantives derived from adjectives , participles , verbs ; or otherwise ; of which those that in Latine end in tas , with us end in tie , or ty , as Imbecillitas , Imbecillity , Probabilitas , Probability , antia into ance , or ancy , as substantia substance , reluctantia reluctancy , entia into ence , or ency , as confidentia confidence , eminentia eminencie , ura into ure , as commissura commissure ; udo into ude , as magnitudo magnitude , or into our , as Author Authour , words ending in tio , of which there are a great number , have n added at the end , as separatio separation , repletio repletion , instructio instruction , ambitio ambition , sometimes us , or um , is taken away from the latter end , as Conventus a Convent , Argumentum an Argument , Articulus an Article , Monstrum a Monster ; to one , or other of these terminations , almost all Nouns whatsoever be reduced . Thirdly , For our Verbes , some there be that may most aptly , and with best ease be formed from the indicative mood , present tence of the active voice , as from Informo to Inform , and from contendo to contend , from praescribo to prescribe , from comtemno to contemne , from alludo to allude : Some fall more kindly from the infinitive mood , as from convincere to convince , from reducere to reduce , because of the melting of the c. but there are other Verbs , such as from Colligere Collect , from instruere instruct , from consulere consult , from invenire invent , which cannot , without much constraint , be deduced either from the Indicative , or Infinitive mood , but seem much more probably , by their near resemblance , to be formable from the participle passive , as Collectus , Instructus , Consultus , Inventus . In like manner may all those Verbs that come from the first conjugation of the Latins ( whereof a great multitude are of late years grown in use ) be formed , as to coacervate , to consummate , to aggravate , &c. from Coacervatus , Consummatus , Aggravatus , rather then from the Infinitive , coacervare , consummare , aggravare , for as much as the final t seems to be the Characteristick letter ; there are also sundry other Verbes that appear to have been most anciently received , and most inured to our language , which , belike , were had from the Latins at the second hand , we taking them from the French , as they from the Lat. as chiefly those that end in y or ie : for example , to signifie , to glorifie , to mollifie , which we borrow from the French , signifier , glorifier , mollifier , and they from the Latin , significare , glorificare , mollificare ; besides , those both Verbes , and Nouns which we borrow from the French meerly , as to refresh , to discourage , to discharge , to furnish , to garnish , to refrain , despite , distresse , hostage , menace , &c. Fourthly , Concerning our Adverbs , there needs no more to be said but this , that whereas in Latin they most commonly end in è , or èr , we retain our old termination ly , as for successivè , we use successively , for diligentèr , diligently , these must be understood to be such onely as are derived from Nown Adjectives , for with the ordinary Adverbs of time , place , &c. our tongue meddles not . As for those in tùs , as divinitus , and in im , as confertim , viritim , &c. we cannot expresse them by one word , except partim , i. partly . Fifthly , and lastly , there are a sort of words and expressions , which we take from the Latins , whole and intire without any diminution , or change , either in the same nature as Cicero , and some of the Latin writers do from the Greeks ( as namely when they had not a significant word of their own , wherewith handsomely to expresse what they intended ) or else when a word falls not naturally into our termination ; as in the words elogium , and encomium : for the first indeed we say indifferently , either an elogium , or an elogie , but with encomium we do not yet make so bold as to say an encomie , and to render it in English would be too tedious a circumloqution , As to say , a speech made in praise of an other man , and therefore it is better to use the very word encomium ; so Privado in Spanish , and Inamorato in Italian , retain their own terminations with a better grace then any change could bring them , Privad or Inamorat , not sounding so agreeably to the eare ; also by a certain odd , and strange construction we oftentimes turn a Latin Verb , and sometimes a sentence into an English Noun ; especially with the help of an Article , as to give a bene discessit , to sing Lachrymae , such a one was charged with a non est inventus , and many more of this nature , very acceptable to such as delight to have their writings and discourses larded with old ends of Latin ; this manner of expression comes somewhat near that Grammar rule , where a whole clause comes before , or followes a Verb , and many times denotes the beginning of some publick form of words , of this sort are the Latin names of divers Writs , consisting of a tedious sentence , which put me in minde of the Spaniard , whose long name made him to be taken for a great company of men together . I shall conclude this discourse of our Latin-derived words , with the manner of their composition , as I did before , in my mention of the Greek words , and this I do that the Reader may not be puzled at the missing of every compound word , so long as he knows of what words they are compounded ; it is therefore to be noted that they differ not in their composition from the Original Latin words ; being alwayes joyned with one of these following prepositions a , or ab , from , or away , as Version being a turning , Aversion is a turning from , duction a leading , abduction a leading away , ad to , wherein d is commonly changed into the same Letter , that the word to which it joyned begins with , as from plication being compounded with ad , ariseth application an applying , not adplication ; de from , or of , as detruncation a cutting off , the rest are e , ex , extra , in , dis , contra , ob , per , sub , supra & ultra . Seldom it is that according to the manner of the Greeks , a Noun is joyned in composition with a Verb , or one Noun with another , onely the word semi is often used , which , in composition , implies as much as half , as semicircular being in the form of a half Circle . This is as much as needs to be said of forraign words , in respect of their dependence upon our tongue , and their frequent use in speaking and writing ; I might in the next place proceed to as ample an account of the words of Art , which I count the more curious part of the design , and that which was most wanting ; but in regard that to do this handsomely , would require a particular discourse of the Arts , and the division of them , and because that a sufficient account of the book is given elsewhere , I shall passe them over briefly . The words which we use in most Arts , are taken from one , or other of those languages above mentioned ; in those which are commonly called the liberal Arts , we borrow a very considerable number from the Greek ; in Rhetorick all the Tropes and Figures , as Synecdoche , Ironie , Metonymie , in Logick , Enthymeme , Sorites , and the word Logick it self ; in Physick Eupepsie , Dyscrasie , and the names of most diseases ; in Astronomie , Antipodes , Periscians , and the word Astronomie it self , and so in divers other Arts. In Astrology many from the Arabicks , as the names of the most conspicuous Starres in each constellation , viz. Aldebaran , Alnath , and some in Astronomy , as Nadir , Almicantarats . In sundry of the Mathematical Arts , and the politer sort of Mechanicks , we have many words from the French and Italians , as in Architecture , and Fortification , Pilaster , Foliage , Cupulo , Parapet , &c. all our Terms of Heraldry , we have chiefly from the French , as Couchant , Saliant , Engrailled ; and as also in Jewelling , Inlaying , Painting , as Carrat , Naif , Boscage , Affinage , Marquetry , &c. but for the Handycrafts , and several of those , which are called Artes Serviles , they have their Terms peculiar onely to themselves , &c. such as are known to few but the several Professours , as the names of Tools and Instruments , belonging to all kinde of Manufactures , of which to the attaining but of one tent● part , the search of an age would scarce suffice , but very many of the chiefest are to be found in this book . Of this nature also are the Terms used by Sea-man ; as Abast , Afmost , Larboard , to spring a Leak ; by Hunters and Forresters ; as Lappise , Foreloin , Bloudyhand , Dogdraw , &c. of both which last , there are likewise not a few . The last consideration of words is our proper names , which have hitherto been wanting in English , and under these are comprehended both Mythology , History , and Geography , to which may be added the explication of Hebrew , and Saxon names . As for Orthography , it will not be requisite to say any more of it , then may conduce to the Readers direction in the finding out of words , which is that we many times use a single e , where the Latins use an oe , or an ae , as preparation for praeparation , Amebean for Amoebaean ; but if the ae , or oe be observed , it is not amisse ; some use either indifferently : in the same manner i is oft used for y , as Limphatick for Lymphatick , o for u , as secondine for secundine . Thus I have , in as brief a Method as I could devise , run through the whole Oeconomy of our forraign words , and have ranged them all into their several orders and distinctions ; so that there is scarce any word , but may be reduced to one , or other of them , for I thought it in vain to publish to the world a Dictionary of hard Terms , if I did not withall lead men the way to the right use of it , that they might inform themselves distinctly , and not sit down contented with a confused notion of things . In this work , which , for the generality of it , must stand the bront of many a curious inquisition ; both for the present , and future ages , I regard not my own fame equal to the renown and glory of the Nation , which cannot but be much advanced by such like indeavours , and as I am not conscious to my self to have been wanting in industry ; so I shall be ready without any difficulty to acknowledge what ever oversight I may be fairly convinced of ; Provided , I may scape such censures , as have any thing of the Pedant in them ; nor shall I think it enough to have come off fairly here , without suddenly attempting other things of equal concernment with this present design , which I commend to the judgement of the learned , the ingenuity of those that are inclined to learning , and the fortune of that intertainment , which the World shall think fit to give it . Edward Phillips . A Brief and Familar ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER . LEarned and Courteous Reader , continual experience confirmes that as Science is first derived to us by notions , so it is made known to us by words : without our right knowledge of the later it is impossible for us but that in our discourse , writing , or reading , we must either be gravelled , or strangly to seek ; and though the knowledge of a precedent sentence in the turning over of an Authour cannot be denyed sometimes to be a more then ordinary help : yet without our more particular ingenuity , in respect of the various acceptance of words , there will be required a recourse to the Dictionary , as we cannot otherwise be advised or satisfied . Hence it hath proceeded a M●xim from the Learned , That he that is ignorant of words , shall never have his minde rightly instated to judge of things ; so , true it is , That every mans judgement for the chusing of words ought like a finger in the Margent of a Book to point for the wisest election , more especially where Etymologies are not added , and Historical observations on antiquitated words are wanting . Discreet Reader , not to insist on many particulars , I have endeavoured throughout this Work to be so far thy assistant , as that what others have omitted in all their former undertakings I have inserted , A large Poeticall , as also a Geographicall Dictionary , the later not onely for the most parts of the World , but also diligently reflecting and giving useful descriptions of the Antiquities of Cities , Towns , and other eminent Places of England , Scotland , and Ireland , so that for a small expence Strangers as well as our own Countrymen may travell in this Dictionary . To include all words , especially those that relate to the Mechanicks , is an impossible task . Indeed as I have indeavoured to wave obsolete terms which some make it their businesse to pick up at any rate , so I hope I have not been wanting in useful words , but have so compleated this Volume , that he that hath but a competent knowledge of the Greek and Latin , the English will quickly surrender it selfe to his interpretation . Some Critticks perhaps will expect the names of Authours in the traverse of this Worke to be often set down as single testimonies for the fantasticalnesse of their own words ; such an undertaking I look upon as no lesse needlesse , then abusive and ridiculous . Courteous Reader , I shall not trifle with such niceties and impertinencies as one of our late Writers hath done , taking notice of hard words promiscuously as they are scattered in English Bookes . To use his own words . In the Turkish History I met with Janizaries , Bashaes , Seraglios ; in the French , in the Spanish , in the Roman , Histories , in which he likewise instances particulars . and so in other Subjects runnes on to what purpose I know not , wasting so much of his Readers time and patience , when he knowes those words to be in his Alphabet , which if persons are so learned as to finde out A , B , C , they may without his anticipating easily enforme themselves of . To passe by such vanities , the Saxon words , as in reference to our Lawes , cannot be accounted so obsolete as some would have them . For my own part , I have made it my businesse with my greatest care and diligence to consult with ancient Manuscripts ; nor have I wanted in these scrutinizings the assistance of Grand Persons . As touching some of our late Modern Authorizers of words . The Vicount of St. Albans , Sir Kenelme Digby , Mr. Selden , Dr. Brown , and others , whatsoever Termes we have received from them , the Learned do acknowledge them to be good Bullion stampt and well minted , so that as they have past the censure of the present , they will command the test and honour of future Ages ; and if we do but seriously consider how our Language is inricht from forreign words , brought home to our doores , from the Greek , Latin , French Orators and Poets , even from such a distance , we cannot but have more inlarged and proper respects to our own Native Laurels ; it is our happinesse that being a terror to other nations , we are now free from invaders that formerly altred our Language , otherwise our clothes should not be more varied then our Speech , as the tyranny of Strangers if it were possible would apparel our very thoughts . Certainly it is a higher prerogative for our Nations to have these forreign Languages as it were onely in the Landskip , that though we honour the smoothnesse of the French , the neatnesse of the Italian , the gravity of the Spaniard , yet still we remain so happy as to be our own Dictionary . Not to dwell longer on this discourse , it is the expression of Mr. H. B. in his endeavours tending this way , That a Dictionary for the English Tongue , would require an Encyclopedie of knowledge , and the concurrence of many Learned heads . Such an Encyclopedy I present thee Reader with from the Muses , as it was delivered me from the forked top of their Parnassus ; for I shall ever acknowledge such peculiar aides as I received from severall Learned Persons , otherwise I can faithfully assert for the building up of this Volume , next to the use of grand Dictionaries , I have onely been beholding to the imperfect remaines of a Gentleman who long since begun this Work : First his sicknesse impeding , and then impartial death cutting him short of finishing his Design , the best Schollars that then perused his Labours , did with one voice render him this honour ; That his Collections were choice , That he had taken up nothing but what was Authentick , and that the Learned themselves , in some respects , might be obliged to him for his Studies . To conclude , Courteous Reader , this Volume which the so many years industry of my self and others hath brought to such a perfection , is for thine , and the general good , now at last , made publick ; I wish thee all happinesse in thy necessary search and use of it . Farewell . COurteous Reader , faults are usual in the printing of Generall Tracts , but in Dictionaries and Works of this kind , I am truly sensible that , as they will seem more strange to thee , so they reflect more on the Authours credit ; to purchase thy more favourable construction , I have collected an Alphabetical Index of the Capital Errata , which is placed at the end of the Book . THE NEW WORLD Of English Words . Or , a General Dictionary . Containing the Terms , Etymologies , Definitions , and perfect Interpretations of the Proper significations of hard English words , throughout the Arts and Sciences , Liberal ; and Mechanick , as also all other subjects , that are usefull , or appertain to the Language of our Nation . A. A. AAron , the son of Amram , and brother of Moses , he was the first High-Priest of the Jews , being chosen to that dignity by the budding of his Rod , the word signifies in Hebr. a Teacher , or Mountain of fortitude . Aaron , a great Emperour of the Saracens , who leading into Asia an Army of 300000. men , compelled Nicephorus the Greek Emperour , to make peace with him , on Ignominions , and dishonourable terms . A. B. Aba , a Tyrant of Hungaria , who being slain by his own subjects , and buried in the next Church , not long after was digged out of the earth again , where being found with his winding-sheet , and other cloathes uncorrupted , and unchanged , and all his wounds cured , he was honoured with a nobler burial , and his bones translated to a Monastery , built by himself , and there interred . † Abaction , ( Latin ) a driving , or forcing away . Abaddon , an Hebrew word signifying a destroyer , and used in the New Testament for the Devil . Abae , a Town of Phocis , a Province in Greece , which was not destroyed by Philip of Macedon , because the people were known never to have committed sacriledge . Abaea , a Town in the Bay of Messena , wherein was the most ancient Oracle of Apollo , burnt at length by the Army of Xerxes . Abagas Can , King of the Tartars , he , having recovered the Dominion of the Turks , and taken Parvana Governour of Turcia , because he betrayed it to the Soldan of Aegypt , cut him in pieces , boyled him among his other viands , and eat him . Abalus , an Isle in the German Ocean , in which it is reported , that there are Hills from which doth drop great store of Amber . To Abandon , ( Ital. ) to forsake , also to resign one's self up wholly to any prevailing passion . † Abannition , ( Lat. ) a punishment inflicted by the Greeks upon the committers of Man-slaughter , namely the banishing them for a twelve-moneths space . Abantia● , the Isle of 〈◊〉 near Boeotia in the Mediterranean Sea , so called from the Abantes , a people which coming out of Thrace , inhabited there . Abarimon , a Countrey in Scythi● , hear the Mountain Aemaus , the people are very salvage , and although their feet are ●everted , or turned backward , yet they are exceeding swift . Abarstick , ( old word ) insatiable . Abas , the son of Metanira , whom Ceres turned into a Lizard , because he laugh'd at those divine rites , which his Mother instituted to her worship ; also the twelf King of the Argives , being the son of Lynceus by his wife Hypermnestra , he was the Father of Proetus and Acrisius , & Grandfather of Perseus , that freed Andromeda . To Abase ( Ital. ) to bring low . Abast ( a term in Navigation ) when any thing is done , or placed toward the stern , in respect of any that are towards the ●tem . To Abate , to make lesse , or diminish . Abatement , a term in Heraldry , being an accidental mark annexed to Coat-armour , denoting a stain in the bearer . Abatos , an Island in Egypt , in the Marishes of Memphis , where King Osiris was buried . Abawed , ( old word ) daunted , ashamed . Abbae , a word used in holy Scripture , and signifieth in the Syriack tongue , Father . Abbington , see Abington . To Abbord ( Italian ) to approach near the shore , also to grapple with a ship . Abbot , a spiritual Governour over a religious house of Monkes . To Abbreviate ( Lat. ) to abridge , to make short . Abdals , a kind of religious people among the Persians , who make profession of poverty , and lodge in Churches , they derive their name from Abdala , father of Mahomet . Abdalmatalis , the Grand-father of Mahomet , a Man of so rare a beauty , and perfect composure , that he wonne the admiration & love of all the women that saw him . Abdelmonus , a King of Africa , whose Father was a Potter ; to whom , while he was a young man , Aventumerth , a famous Astronomer , foretold that he should obtain the Kingdom , and afterward assisted him in the compassing of the design . Abdera , a Town of Thrace , where Democritus was born , the people whereof were counted a foolish people . Abdevenam , the head of the twelf Mansion , a term in Astrology . To Abdicate , ( Lat. ) to renounce , or refuse . Abdolonymus , a certain Gardiner of Sydon , by a long descent continuing of the bloud Royal , whom Alexander the Great , after he had taken that Citie , caused to be proclaimed King thereof . Abdomen , in Anatomy , signifies all that part of the belly , that contains the natural bowels , being composed of a skin , fat , eight muscles , and the peritonaeum . Abducted , ( Lat. ) led away . Abecedary . belonging to the A. B. C. To Abedge , ( old word ) to abide . Abel , the name of one of Adams sons , and signifieth in Hebrew vanity , also the name of a place , and signifieth in Hebrew mourning . Abent , ( old word ) a steep place , or hanging Hill. * Abequitation , ( Lat. ) a riding away . Aberconwey , q. the mouth of Conwey , a Town in Caernarvonshire , built upon the mouth of the River Conwey , by Edward the first , out of the ruines of an old Town , called Caerhaen , i. ancient Citie , in Latin Conovium . Aberfraw , a Town in the Isle of Anglesey , anciently a very famous place , and the Royal seat of the Kings of Guineth , or North wales . Abergevenny , or Abergenny , so called , because it is situate at the very meeting of the Rivers Vsk , and Gebenny , or Gobanny , it is called in Latin Gobanium , and is fortified with a very strong Castle , which hath been the seat of many great Lords and Earles . Aberration , ( Lat. ) a going astray . Abessed , ( old word ) cast down , humbled . Abetting , ( old word ) a setting on , or incouraging . * To Abgregate , ( Lat. ) to lead out of the flock . Abhorrency , ( Latin ) a loathing , or hating . Abidst , ( old word ) suffered . Abia , the daughter of Hercules , and Nurse to Hyllus , the son of Hercules by Deianira , she lived in a Citie called Ira , which afterward she named by her own name , and built a Temple in it . Abject , ( Lat. ) vile , or base . Abii , a people in Scythia , who live without any house , and provide for nothing : Homer calleth them the most just people . Abject , ( Lat. ) vile , or base . Abigail , a Womans name in the Old Testament , & signifieth in Hebrew a fathers joy . Ability , ( Lat. ) power , strength . Abington , or Abbendon , a pleasant Town situate upon the River Isis in Bark-shire , and so called as some say from one Abben , and Irish Heremite , or rather from an Abbay , built here by Cissa , King of the West Saxons , whereas in old time it had been called Sheovesham . Abintestate , ( Lat. ) without a will. Abit , ( old word ) dwelleth . To Abjudicate , ( Latin ) to give away by judgement . To Abjure , ( Lat. ) to forswear , also in Common-Law it is to forsake the Realm for ever , when one hath committed fellony , or to fly to the Church , or Sanctuary , or place priviledged for that purpose . Ablacted , ( Lat. ) weaned . Ablectick , ( Lat. ) adorned , or garnished for sale , as ablectae aedes , Plant. Ablegation , ( Lat. ) a sending away . Ablepsie , ( Greek ) blindnesse of the mind . Abligurie , ( Lat. ) spending in belly chear . Ablocated , ( Latin ) let out to hire . Ablution , ( Latin ) washing away . Abnegation , ( Latin ) a stiff denying . Abnodation , ( Latin ) untying of knots , also pruning of Trees . Abode , ( Latin ) a place of habitation . Aboeocrites , a Captain of the Boeotians , who with a thousand of his men , was slain near Chaeronea , in a fight against the Aetolians . Abogen , ( Saxon ) bowed . Abolition , ( Latin ) an abrogating , or utterly destroying . Abomination , ( Latin ) an abhorring , or detesting . To Abone ( Ital. ) to make ripe . Aboord , ( a Term in Navigation ) within the ship . Aborigines , a people brought into Italy by Chamexenus the Egyptian Saturn , and thought to have been the most antient people of Italie . Abortion , ( Latin ) the birth of a Childe before its time . Abradacarba , a spell in Cornelius Agrippa against Agnes . Abraiamins , a kind of Enchanters among the Indians . To Abrase ( Latin ) to shave , or pare away . Abravanus , a River in Galloway in Scotland , now called Rian . Abricot , ( French ) a certain sort of plum , requiring much of the Sun's warmth to ripen it . To Abridge , ( French ) to make short , to abreviate . Abrodiaetical , ( Greek ) feeding deliciciously . Abrogation , ( Latin ) an abolishing . Abrotonum , ( Greek ) the name of an Athenian woman , the mother of Themistocles , also the herb Southernwood . Abrupt , ( Latin ) suddenly breaking off . Absalom , the son of David , an Hebrew word signifying the father of peace . Abscession , ( Latin ) a going away . Abscission , ( Latin ) a cutting away . Absconsion , ( Latin ) a hiding out of the way . Absis , ( a Term in Astronomy ) is , when the Planets moving to their highest , or their lowest places are at a stay . The high Absis is called the Apogaeum , the low Absis the Perigaeum . Absolute , ( Latin ) perfect . Absolution , ( Latin ) a pardoning . Absonant , ( Latin ) disagreeing , sounding from the purpose . To Absorb ( Latin ) to sup up all . Absoris , a Town built by the Colchians , when they were sent with Absyrtus in pursuit of Medea . Abstemious , ( Latin ) temperate , sober . Abstention , ( Latin ) the keeping back of an Heir from the possession of his land , a Term in law . Abstersive , ( Latin ) cleansing . Abstinence , ( Latin ) temperance . Abstorted , ( Latin ) wrested by force . Abstract , ( Latin ) a small book , or writing , taken out of a greater . To Abstrude , ( Latin ) to thrust away . Abstruse , ( Latin ) dark , obscure . Absurd , ( Lat. ) foolish . To Abvolate , ( Latin ) to fly away . Abus , the name of a great and famous River in York-shire , commonly called Humber , whence Northumberland took its name . Abysse , ( Greek ) a bottomlesse pit . Abyssini , a people in Aethiopia , in the subjection of Prester John , who is called in the Aethiopian language Negasch Chauvarianni , i. e. Apostolick Emperour , and is accounted one of the Chief Monarchs of the World. A. C. Acacalis , a Nymph by whom Apollo had two sons , Philarides and Philander . Academia , a Wooddy place , about a mile from Athens , built by Academus , where Plato was born and taught Philosophy , whence the word Academy is taken for any publick Shool , or University . Acadinus , a Fountain in Sicily , in which they used to try the truth of an Oath , by writing the words of him that swore upon a Table of wood , and if the wood did swim , they took the words for truth , but if it sunk , they took it to be a false Oath . Acarnar , the bright Starre of Eridanus , vide Eridanus . Acastus , the son of Peleus , King of Thessaly , a famous Hunter with Bow and Arrows , he married Hippolita , who loving Pelius , because he yielded not to her love , accused him to her husband , for having offered violence to her , wherefore Acastus threw him to be devoured of wilde beasts , but Mercury coming in the interim , freed Pelius with Vulcans sword , who returning slew Acastus and Hippolita . Acatalepsie , ( Greek ) incomprehensibility , impossibility to be comprehended . To Accelerate , ( latin ) to hasten . Accent , ( latin ) due sound over any word , or letter . Acceptation , ( latin ) acceptance . Acceptilation , ( latin ) a verbal acquittance between the Debtour and the Creditour . Accessary , ( latin ) a Term in Common-law , signifying guilty of a fellonious Act , not actually , but by participation , as by advice , concealment , or the like . Accius Tullius , Prince of the Volsci , who with the help of Coriolanus made War with the Romans . Accidental , ( latin ) hapning by chance . Acclamation , ( latin ) an applause , a crying out for joy . Acclivity , ( latin ) a stopping place , a steep descent . Acco , an old woman , who beholding her face in a glasse , and seeing her beauty decayed , fell mad . Accollade ( French ) a clipping about the neck , which was formerly the way of dubbing Knights . To Accommodate , ( latin ) to fit , or to lend . To Accomplish , ( French ) to fulfill . Accomptable , ( French ) lyable to give an account . Accordable , ( latin ) easie to be agreed on . Accort , ( French ) heedy , wary . To Accost , ( French ) to approach , to draw near . Accoutred , ( French ) dress't , attir'd . To Accoy , ( old word ) to asswage . Accretion , ( latin ) a growing , or sticking unto . To Accrew , ( French ) to increase , to be added unto . To Accumb , ( latin ) to sit down at a Table . Accumulation , ( latin ) a heaping together . Accurately , ( latin ) exactly . Accusation , ( latin ) an accusing , or blaming . To Accustome , ( Ital. ) to be wont , to use . Ace , that point in the dice where one onely is expressed , ammez ace , quasi ambos as , both an ace , or two aces . Acephalik , ( Greek ) having no head , or beginning . Acephali●ts , ( Greek ) a sort of Hereticks , whose first founder is unknown . Acerbity , ( latin ) sharpnesse , or sournesse . Acerote , course brown bread . Acersecomick , ( Greek ) one whose hair is never cut . To Acervate , ( latin ) to heap up . Acetars , ( latin ) sallets of small herbs . Acetosity , ( latin ) sharpnesse , or sournesse in taste . Achapt , ( French ) a law Term used in contracts , or bargains , and signifieth to buy . Achates , a stone of divers colours , resembling a lions skin . Achelous , the son of Oceanus and Terra , he ●ought a single Combat with Hercules for Deianira , he first changed himself into a Serpent , then into a Bull , one of whose Horns Hercules cut , and dedicated it to plenty the Companion of Fortune , but afterward Achetous giving him Amalthea's Horn received his own again , also the name of a River in Epirus rising from the Mountain Pindus , and is said to be the first River that broke out , after the general Deluge . Acheron , the son of Ceres , without a father , whom , when she had brought forth in a dark cave in Sicily , not daring to behold the light he was sent to Tartarus , and there turned into a River over which the Souls of men are carried , it is commonly taken for Hell. To Achieu , ( French ) to perform . Achilles , the son of Peleus and Thesis , whom his mother while he was an infant , dipt all over in the river Styx , so that he became invulnerable all over , save in that part of his heel , by which she held him , he was put to the Centaur Chiron , to be instructed in warlike affairs and musick ; and being grown to age , his Mother hearing he should die in the Trojan wars put him into Womans apparel and hid him among the Daughters of Lycomede where he ravish't Deidamia , and begot Pyrrhus , being seduced from thence by the craft of Vlisses , he fought against the Trojans , slew Hector , and performed many other great exploits in that war. Acid , ( Latin ) sharp , biting . Acis , the son of Faunus , and the Nymph Timethis , the comliest of all the Sicilian Shepheards , whom ● Polypheme loved but afterwards kill'd him despising his love . To Ackele ( old word ) to cool . Acolastick , ( Greek ) Riotous . Acolyte , ( Greek ) one that is forbidden to say Divine service , yet may bring light , &c. Acontius , a young man of the Iland of Caea , who going to Delos to the Feast of Diana fell in love with Cydippe , but not being able to come at her , writ his mind upon an Apple and threw it to her . Aconite , a poisonous herb call'd Sibbardsbane . Acquists , ( French ) things purchased or obtained . To Acquiesce , to rest or rely upon . Acquisition , ( Latin ) a purchasing or obtaining . Acre such a quantity of Land as may be plow'd in a day by one yoke of Oxen. Acrilogie ( Greek ) bitter speaking . Acrimony , ( Latin ) bitterness eagerness . Acrisius , the son of Abas King of Argos , and father of Jove's Paramour ; he , having heard that he was to be kill'd by the hand of him that should be born of her , shut her up in a brazen Towr , but Jupiter descending in a showr of gold through the lights lay with her and begat Perseus , who afterwards cut off the Gorgons head , and coming with it to Arg●s changed Acrisius into a stone . Acroamatick , ( Greek ) one that hearkens attentively to any thing , also harmonious . Achronick , from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is when a Star sets with the Sun and riseth at Sun setting . Acronychal , ( Greek ) a term used in Astronomy , the Achronycal rising of a Star is , when it riseth at the time of the Sun-setting . Acrostick , ( Greek ) a certain number of verses which begin with the Letters of any ones name . Actifs , an order of Fryars , that feed on Roots , and wear tawny habits . Action , ( Latin ) a deed , also the right of reckoning that which is due and owing to a man. Actisanes , a King of the Aethiopians who beat Amasis tyrannizing over the Aegyptians and deposing him , reigned over them himself very justly , and made many severe Law 's for the governing of the Kingdome . Act , ( Latin ) a deed , also a Decree of Parliament or Inferiour Court. Actaeon , the son of Aristeus & A●tonoe , who going a hunting and coming by chance to see Diana , as she was bathing her self in a Fountain , was changed into a Hart , and torn in pieces by his own Dogg's whence . Actaeoned , is often taken for hornified . Activity , ( Latin ) nimbleness , stirringness , agility . Actium , a promontory of Epirus where Augustus having overthrown Antonie and Cleopatra , built a City and called it Nicopolis . Actius Naevius , a South-sayer , who in the presence of Tarquin cut a Whet-stone with a Pen-knife . Acton Burnel , a Castle in Shropshire , famous for having had a Court of Parliament call'd there in the time of Edward the First , it was so called as belonging anciently to the Burnels , a family heretofore of great name and antiquity . Actor , ( Lat. ) doer of any thing , also a Stage-player . Actual , ( Lat. ) that which is dispatched by act and deed . Aculeate , ( Lat. ) carrying a sting . To Acuminate ( Lat. ) to sharpen . Acupictor ( Lat. ) a worker of needle-work . Acute , ( lat . ) sharp-pointed also , sharp-witted . An Acute disease the Physitians call that which by reason of its vehemency immediately grows to a hight and so presently decays or kils : also an Acute-angle is when two lines do inclose less than a square , thereby becoming more sharp . Acyrological , ( Greek ) speaking improperly . A D Adacted ( Lat. ) driven by force . Adage , ( Lat. ) a vulgar saying . Adam , the name of the first man signifying in ( Heb. ) red earth . Adjudication , ( Lat. ) an adjudging or determining . Adamant , ( Lat. ) a precious stone , otherwise call'd a Diamond . Adamantine , hard , inflexible , made of Adamant . To Adamate ( Lat. ) to love tenderly . Adamites , a Sect of Hereticks whose profession was to come into their Synagogue stark naked both Men and Women . It was first instituted in Bohemia about two hundred years ago . Adashed , ( old word ) ashamed . Adawed , ( old word ) awaked . To Adcorporate ( Lat. ) to joyn body to body . To Addecimate , ( Lat. ) to take Tithes . Adderbourn , a River in Wiltshire anciently called Nadder . An Addice , a Coopers axe . To Addict , ( Lat. ) to give our self to any thing . Additament , ( Lat. ) a Supply , a thing added . Addomestique , ( French ) made tame or familiar . To Addoulez ( French ) to sweeten mollifie or asswage . Address ( French ) a dextrous carriage in the manageing of any business , also an application to any person , Artamenes . Adelantado , ( Spanish ) The Deputy of a Province , for any King or General . Adeling , an old Saxon word signifying a Kings son . Adelrad , or Ethelred , ( Sax. ) Noble Advice , a proper name . Ademption , ( Lat. ) a taking away . To Adent , ( old word ) to fasten or joyn . Adeption , ( Lat. ) a getting or obtaining . To Adequate , ( Latin ) to make equal , to level . Ades , King of the Molossians whose daughter Cara was ravish't by Pirithous . To Adhere , ( Lat. ) to stick fast , or cleave unto any thing . Adjacent , ( Lat. ) lying near unto , bordering upon . Adiaphorie , ( Greek ) indifferent . To Adjourn ( French ) to warn one to appear at the day appointed , also to put off a day . A word used in Common Law. Adjument ( Lat. ) assistance . Adjunct , ( Latin ) a quality adhering to any thing , as heat to fire , greenness to grass , &c. a term used in logick . To Adjure , ( Latin ) to swear earnestly , also to put another to his oath . Adjutant , ( Lat. ) ayding or assisting to another . To Adjust , ( French ) to make fit , to state an account rightly . Adjutory , ( Latin ) helpful . Adle , ( old word ) empty , shallow . Admetus , a King of Thessalie , whose herds Apollo was said to keep nine years together , he was degraded of Divinity , for killing the Cyclops . To Administer , ( Latin ) to dispose , to guide , to do service . Administration ( Latin ) a Term in Law , the disposing of a mans goods or estate , that died intestate , or without any Will. Admirable , ( Lat. ) full of wonder . An Admiral , ( French ) a General at Sea. To Admit , ( latin ) to allow of . Admonition , ( French ) a giving warning . Adnihilation , ( latin ) a bringing or reducing to nothing . Adolescency , ( latin ) the age of youth . Adolph or Hadulph , ( Sax. ) happy help , a proper name . Adon , or Adonai , an Hebrew word , signifying , Lord , or God. Adonis , the son of Cinaras , & ( King of Cyprus Myrrha ) who hunting in the Italian woods , and being kill'd by the tusk of a Boar , was afterwards by Venus turned into a Flowr . Adoption ( lat . ) the choosing of him , into ones family and inheritance , who is not a natural son . Adorable ( lat . ) to be worship'd or ador'd , also being attributed to a mortal , it signifies worthy of all honour and respect . Artam . Adornation , ( latin ) decking , adorning . Adory , ( Greek ) ingloriousness , shame . Adruming , ( old word ) churlish . Adrastia , the daughter of Jupiter , and Necessity a sharp punisher of wickedness , otherwise called Nemesis , whom the Egyptian Priests made to be Arbitress of all human affairs , and placed her above the Moon . Adrian , a proper name , see Hadrian . Adrian , or Adriatique , Sea , the Sea that parts Italie from Dalmatia . Advancement , ( French ) a raising or promoting . Advantagious , in favour of another , Atramenes . Advectitions , ( latin ) that which may be brought from another place . Advent , ( latin ) an arriving , whence Advent-Sunday is that Sunday wherein there us'd to be a preparation in the Church for the approaching Feast , and all suites in Law were remitted for that time . Advenale , a Coat of defence , Chaucer . Adventitions , ( latin ) coming unexpected or by chance . Adventure , ( French ) chance , luck . Adverse , ( latin ) contrary , opposite , Adversant , Id. To Advertise ( latin ) to give advice . To Advesperate , ( latin ) to wax night . To Advigilate , ( latin ) to watch diligently . Adulation , ( latin ) flattery . Adult , ( latin ) to come to ones , full ripeess of age . To Adulterate , ( latin ) to corrupt . To Adumbrate , ( latin ) to shadow . Adumbration , signifies in Heraldrie a cleer exemption of the substance of the charge or thing born , in such sort that there remains nothing thereof to be discovered , but the bare proportion of the outward lineaments . This is also call'd Transparencie . Aduncous or Adunque , ( latin ) hooked . Advocate , ( latin ) a Term in Law , he that defendeth another mans cause . Advouson , ( French ) signifieth in Common-law , a right , to present to a benefice . Adust , ( latin ) burnt , parch't . Adynamous , ( Greek ) weak , impotent . A E Aeacus , the son of Jupiter by Aegina , he was said to be so just , that , when he was dead , he was chosen one of the infernal Judges , with Minos and Rhadamanthus . Aedone , the Wife of Zethus the Brother of Amphion , she slew her son Itylus in the night thinking him to have been Amaneus the son of Amphion , but afterwards acknowledging her error , she desired to die , and was changed into a Thistle . Aeeta , the King of Colchos the son of Sol by Persa the daughter of Oceanus , he begat Medea , Absyrtus , and Calciope , to him Phryxus brought the golden Fleece , which , with the help of Medea was won from him by Jason and the Argonaut's and he deposed from his Kingdom . Aega , a Nymph , the Daughter of Olenus and Nurse of Jupiter . Aegaeon the son of Titan and Terra , who at one lift threw a hundred Rocks against Jupiter , but being overcome , was bound by Neptune to a Rock in the Aegaean-Sea . Aegaeum , or the Agaeean-Sea is that Sea which is vulgarly call'd the Archipelago . Aegeus , the son of Neptune , King of Athens , who had by his Wife Aetha the daughter of Pitheus , a son named Theseus , the greatest Hero of that time , whom he thinking to have been slain when he returned from Crete threw himself into the Sea , and was by the Athenians made one of the Sea-Gods . Aegiale , the Wife of Diomed , who by reason of her adultery with Cyllebarus , was forsaken of her Husband who after the war of Troy went into Italy . Aegilope , ( Greek ) a kind of disease in the eye call'd the lachrymal fistule . Aegina , the daughter of Aesopus King of Boeotia , whom Juriter injoy'd by turning himself into fire . Aegipanes , ( Greek ) certain wooddy Deities adored by the Ancients , having feet like Goates . Aegisthus , the son of Thyestes and Pelopeia his daughter , he slew Atreus by his fathers command , and afterwards kill'd Agamemnon at a banquet , by the help of his Wife Clytemnestra . Aegle , one of the daughters of Hesperus , King of Italie , who with her sisters Arethusa and Hesperethusa possest most pleasant gardens in Africa , where there were golden apples , kept by a watchful Dragon whom Hercules , sent by Euristheus , slew , and took away the Apples . Aegles , the name of a great Wrastler who though he were born dumb , being once to enter into the combat , and seeing a great deceit in the lots , he , through a great desire of speaking , spake distinctly and so continued while he lived . Aegrimony or Aegritude ( lat . ) sickness of body or mind . Aegyptus , the son of Belus , the brother of Danais . He having fifty daughters , gave them in marriage to his brothers fifty sons , but they having receiv'd instructions from their father Danaus , each one killed their Husband , the first night of their marriage , except Hypermnestra who saved her Husband Lynceus , who afterwards driving out Danaus , possest the Kingdome of Argos ; also a famous Country of Lybia , once a great Kingdome , now a Province under the Turks dominion . Aeneas , the son of Anchises , and Venus , who after much wandring came to Latium , overcame Turnus , married Lavinia the daughter of Latinus , and reigned thirty years after his Father-in-law's death . Aeneator , ( lat . ) a Trumpeter . Aenigmatical , ( Greek ) full of Aenigma's i. e. dark speeches or riddles . Aeolipile , a kind of Instrument called the Hermetical bellows , whereby it is experimented whether there be a vacuum in nature . Aeolus the son of Jupiter , and Sergeste who was called the God of the winds . Aepalius , a King who being restor'd by Hercules to his Kingdome , adopted Hyllus Hercules his elder Son into the succession of his Kingdome . Aequanimity , ( lat . ) equalness of spirit or temper . Aequator , a great circle or line encompassing the Globe equally distant from the Two poles . Aequilateral , consisting of equal sides . Aequilibrity , ( lat . ) an equal poising or weighing . Aequiponderancy , ( lat . ) the same as Aequilibrity . Aera , a Term in Chronologie signifying the beginning of a great Empire , or some remarkable event , from which people compute the number of years , as the Jews reckn'd from Abraham's journey out of Chaldea , or from their deliverance out of Egypt , &c. the ancient Greeks from the first Olympiad , the Christians from the birth of Christ. Aerial , ( lat . ) belonging to the air . Aeromancy , ( Greek ) a foretelling of things , by some certain sign 's in the air . Aeruginous ( lat . ) rusty , cancred . Aerumnous , ( lat . ) full of troubles and miseries . Aesacus , the son of Priamus , who being in love with a beautiful Virgin call'd Hesperia , never left following her in the Woods , but she flying from him was at length kill'd by the bite of a Serpent , he impatient of his loss threw himself from a high Rock into the Sea , where Thetis taking compassion on him , transform'd him into a Dive-dapper . Aesculapius , the son of Apollo and Coronis , he , being taught by Chiron the art of Physick , restor'd Hippolitus the son of Theseus to life , who , because the had refus'd the embraces of Phaedra his Mother-in-law , was by her meanes torn in pieces by wild Horses , but Jupiter was so incens't at this cure that he slew Aesculapius with a thunderbolt . Aesica , an ancient City of Cumberland ( upon the River Esk ) where the Tribune of the Austures in old time kept watch and ward against the Northern enemies . Aesia , a River in France now call'd Oyse . To Aestuate ( lat . ) to burn ; to rage like the Sea. To Aestivate , ( lat . ) to keep ones summer in a place . Aethalis , the son of Mercurie to whom it was granted , that he should sometimes converse among the number of the dead . Aetherial , pertaining to the sky . Aethiopia , a large Country of Africa , first called Aetheria , afterward Aethiopia from Aethiops the son of Vulcan . Aethon , the name of one of the Horses of the Sun , also the name of a man so given to fart , that he could not abstain in the Capitoline Temple . Aethra , vide Hyades . Aetna , a Hill in Sicilie , that always casts up flames of fire . Aetolia , a Country in Greece bordering upon Epirus . A F Affability ( lat . ) curtesie in speech . Affaire , ( French ) a business of importance . Affectation , ( lat . ) an overcurious imitation . Affectionate , ( lat . ) bearing a good affection to any one . Affe●rours , ( a Term in law ) signifying those which are appointed in Court-leets upon Oath , to set Fines upon the heads of those that , have committed crimes punishable by vertue of that Court. Affiance ( French ) trust , confidence , also a betrothing . Affictious ( lat . ) dissembled , counterfeited . Affidavit , ( a Term in law : ) to make Affidavit , is to testifie a thing upon Oath . Affinage , ( French ) a refining of metals . Affinitie , ( lat . ) likeness , also kindred by marriage . Affirmation ( lat . ) an absolute maintaining or affirming . To Affix ( lat . ) to fasten unto . Affluence ( lat . ) plenty . Afflux , a flowing upon or a flowing together . To Afforrest ( a Term in law ) to lay waste a piece of ground and turn it into forrest . Affray , ( French ) fear , also tumult or assault . Affrication , ( lat . ) a rubbing against any thing . Affront ( French ) wrong , or abuse . Affrontednesse , impudence , shamelesnesse . Afgodnesse , ( Sax. ) impiety , ungodlinesse . Africa , the third part of the world , so called from Afer , who peopled it with an army , it being before called Libya . A. G. AGa , a great Officer among the Turks , called the Captain of the Janizaries . Agamemnon , the son of Atreus and Europa , King of Argos and Mycenae , he was chosen General of the Greeks in the Trojan expedition , and after he came home , slain by Aegystus at a banquet , vide Aegysthus . † Agamist , ( Gr. ) a despiser of marriage . Aganippe , a Fountain in Boeotia , sacred to Apollo , and the Muses . Agari● , a Samarian root , that helps concoction , also a soft excrescence of the Larix , or larch tree . Agast , ( old word ) dismaid with fear . Agate , a precious stone formerly found in Ganges , a River of Lycia . Agatha , a Womans name , signifying in Greek good . Agathonian , lascivious , so called from Agatho , a minstrel full of ribaldry . Agathocles , a Tyrant of Sicily , whose father was a Potter , he first gave himself to robbing , but afterwards by his stoutnesse and eloquence , he was advanced to the Kingdom , he made war with the Carthaginians , but seeking to inlarge his Dominions , he was betrayed , and died for grief . Agave , the daughter of Cadmus and Hermione , she was married to Echion the Theban . Age , the measure of mans life , from his birth to his death , a man , by the Common-Law , is liable to answer for any misdemeanour , at the fourteenth year of his age , and to inherit at the 21th . † Agelastic , ( Greek ) one that is perpetually sad , one that never laugh's . Agemoglans , the Children of Christians , who while they are young , are seiz'd on by the Turkish Officers to be made Janizaries , or for some other service of the Grand Signior , the word in the Turkish language signifieth untaught . Agent , ( Lat. ) a Factor , or dealer for an other man. Agesilaus , a King of the Lacedemonians , who overthrew Tissap●ernes the Persian General , at the River Pactolus , and the Athenians and Boeotians at Coronea ; also a stout Athenian , and brother of Themistocles ; he being judged to be sacrificed at the Altar of the Sun , for killing Mardonius , held his hand a good while in the fire without changing his countenance , and affirmed that all the Athenians were such as himself , whereupon he was set free . To Aggerate , ( lat . ) to heap up . To Agglomerate , ( lat . ) to rowl up together . To Agglutinate , ( lat . ) to glue together . To Aggrandize , to make great , also to cry up , or augment the fame of any action . To Aggravate , ( lat . ) the same , also to burthen , also to make the worst of a thing in speaking of it . To Aggregate , ( lat . ) to assemble together . Aggressour , ( lat . ) an assailer of another , a beginner of a businesse . Agility , ( lat . ) nimblenesse . An Agiler , a marker of men Chaucer . Agilt , ( old word ) committed . Aginatour , ( lat . ) a retailer of small wares from Agina , that whereon the beam of a pair of Balances hangeth . Agiographer , ( Gr. ) see Hagrographer . Agipe , ( old word ) a Coat full of plaites . Agis , a King of the Lacedemonians , who made cruel wars with the Athenians , and was at length killed in Prison by his own Countrey-men . Agist , ( a Term in Common-law ) signifying to take in , and feed the Cattel of strangers in the K. Forrest , and to gather money due for the same , to the Kings use . Agitation , ( lat . ) a frequent motion , also a disturbance and inquietude of minde . Artamenes . Aglais , one of the Graces . Aglais , the Daughter of Magacles , she would dayly devour ten pound of flesh , half a peck of bread , and four Gallons of wine at a meal . Aglet , ( French ) the tag of a point , also a little plate of metal . Agnail , a sore between the finger , or toe , and the nail . Agnation , ( lat . ) kindred , or near relation by the fathers side . Agnes , a womans name , signifying in Greek chaste . Agnition , ( lat . ) an acknowledging . Agnodice , a Virgin , who putting her self into mans apparel , grew famous in physick by the instruction of Herophilus . Agnomination , ( lat . ) a surname , a name wherewith a man is signalized for any famous act . Agnus Castus , an Herb which preserveth chastity . Agonalia , ( latin ) feasts , in which there were great wrestlings , and other exercises of activity . Agony ( Greek ) anguish of minde . To Agonize , ( Greek ) to play the Champion . Agonothert ( Greek ) a Master of the Revell's . Agramed ( old word ) aggrieved . The Agrarian law , a law made by the Romans for the distribution of lands among the common people . Agreeable , ( French ) suitable to a mans Genius , or Inclination . To Agredge , ( old word ) to aggravate . Agrestical ( lat . ) clownish , rude . Agriculture , ( lat . ) tillage , husbandry . Agrippa , one that is born with his feet formost , also the name of several Kings . Agrise , ( old word ) afraid , astonished . Agrose , ( old word ) grieved . Agroted , ( old word ) cloyed . To Agryse , ( old word ) to cause one to quake . A. J. Ajax , the son of Telamon , and Hesione daughter of Laomedon , he was one of the stoutest of all the Greeks that went to the Trojan War , he fought with Hector , and had a contest with Vlisses , for the armes of Achilles , but Vlisses having gain'd them by his eloquence , Ajax run mad , and made a huge slaughter among a flock of sheep , thinking Vlisses and Atrides to have been among them , also the name of the son of Oileus King of the Locri , who for vitiating Cassandra in the Temple of Pallas , was slain with Thunder by the Goddesse , whose Priestesse she was . Aide , ( French ) help , also a subsidy , or tax . Aidoneus , King of the Molossi , he sent Theseus to prison , because he , and Pirithous would have taken away his daughter Proserpina , not far from the River Acheron , which gave occasion to the fable , to say that he descended into Hell to fetch away Proserpina , the daughter of Dis. Ailesbury , a Town situate not far from the River Tame in Buckingamshire , it was won by Cutwulph the Saxon , in the year 572. and hath been famous in times past , by being the habitation of St. Edith , the daughter of Frewald . Ailesford , a Town in Kent , not far from the River Medway , it was heretofore named in the British tongue Saissenaeg-haibal , from the great overthrow that was given by Vortimer the Brittain , son of Vortigern to Hengist , and his English Saxons in this place . Aine , besides , one of the four Elements , it signifies a certain distinction in the Garb and countenance , between one person and another . Ayry , a nest of Hawks . Akmanchester , i. e. the City of Sick-folk , a name anciently given by the Saxons , to the Citie of Bath . A. L. Alabandic , a kinde of a Rose with whitish leaves . Alabandine , a kinde of blue , and red stone , provoking to bleed . Alabaster , a kinde of clear white Marble . Alacrity , ( lat . ) chearfulnesse . Alahab , ( Arab. ) the Scorpions heart . Alamae , ( Arab. ) the left foot of Andromeda . Alan , a proper name , signifying in Slavonish a Greyhound , others contract it from Aelian , i. Sun-bright . Alastor , the name of one of the sunnes horses . Alata Castra , the Citie of Edenborough in Scotland . Alay , ( a Term in hunting ) when fresh Dogs are sent into the cry . Alazony , ( Greek ) vain-glory . Alba Julia , the Citie of Westenbergh in Germany . Alba , Regalis , a Citie in Hungary , now called Stolwistenbergh , where the Kings use to be Anointed , and Crowned . Albania , a Countrey between Illyricum and Macedonia , whose chief Citie is Dyrrachium , now called Durazzo , there is also another Albania in the East , between Cholcos and Armenia , from whence the people of the former Albania are said originally to spring ; also the Kingdom of Scotland was in ancient times called Albania . Albanus , a River in Armenia , also a Lake in Italy , called Lago di Castel Gandolf , also the name of the first Brittish Martyr from the Lat. Albus , i. e. white . St. Albans , a Town in Hertfordshire , so called from the Brittish Martyr above mentioned , whereas formerly it was called Verulam . Albe , a white Garment , which the Priests were wont to wear . Albeito , ( Arab. ) the mouth of the Swan . Albert , a Saxon proper name , signifying all bright . Albion , the ancient name of England , by reason of the white Rocks upon the Sea-side , or from Albion the son of Neptune , or from Albina , one of Dioclesians 50 daughters . Albugineous , ( lat . ) belonging to the white of the eye , or to any other white substance . Albutius , the name of a very covetous man , who would beat his servants before they had committed a fault , telling them that perhaps he should not be at leasure , when they had committed any . Alcaic , verse , a certain kinde of verse , so called from Alcaeus the first Inventor , consisting of two dactyls , and two trochees . Alcakengi , a winter Cherry . Alcander , a young Lacedemonian , who having put out one of Lycurgus his eyes , yet being intertained by him as his near servant loved him afterwards with a great deal of respect . Alcathous , the son of Pelops , who being suspected to have slain his brother Chrysippus fled to Megara , where killing a Lion that had slain Euripus the son of Megareus , he was by Megareus made his son in law , and succeeded him in the Kingdom . Alceste , the wife of Adonetus King of Thessaly , who willingly offered her self up to die for her husband . Alchedi , ( Arab. ) a Star in the goat . Alchenit , ( Arab. ) a Star in the right side of Perseus . Alchobel , see Reception . Alchocodon , is an Arabian word , and signifies the giver of years , and is plac't that he hath most essential dignity in the place of the Hyleg , and with some aspect doth behold that place . Alchorad , ( Arab. ) a contrariety of the light of the Planets . Alchimy , ( Greek ) the art of dissolving metals , to separate the pure from the impure . Alcippus , vide Damocrita . A●cithoe , a Theban woman , who was turned into a Bat , for contemning Bacchus his Org●es . Alcmena , vide Amphytryo . Al●maeon , the son of Amphiaraus and Eriphite , he killed his mother for having betrayed Amphiaraus , and afterwards runne mad ; but being cured by Phlegias , he married his daughter Olphaestbae● , giving her a Bracelet of his mothers , but afterwards falling in love with one of Achetous his daughters , called Callirhoe , he promised her the Bracelet which he had given his former wife , on condition she would marry him , but going to fetch it , he was slain by Temon and Axion , Alphesibaeas brothers . Alconor , one of the 300. Argires , who fought against the Lacedemonians , onely he , and Chromius being left alive , and all his enemies killed , excepting Othryades . Alcoran , ( Arab. ) the book wherein the Turkish religion is delivered , first written by Mahomet , the Turks great Prophet . Alcyon dayes , quiet times . Alcyone , the daughter of Nephtune , the wife of Ceyx , who sayling to the Oracle , was drown'd by the way , and chang'd into a bird , called a King-fisher . Alduas d●bis , a River dividing the Helvetians from the Sequani , called in French Leo doux . Aldborrow , see Isurium . Aldingham , a Town in Lancashire , an ancient Hereditament belonging to the family of the Haveringtons , or Harringtons , unto whom it came from the Flemmings by the Cancefelds . Aldebaran , ( Arab. ) the south eye of the Bull. Alderanainim , ( Arab. ) the right shoulder of Cepheus . Alderanainim , vide Pap. Alectryomancy , ( Greek ) a certain kinde of divination among the ancients , which was done by a Cock. Alectorius , a precious stone of a waterish colour , found in the maw of an old Capon . Alectryon , a young man , who kept the door , while Mars was familiar with Venus , but Mars incensed that he was taken through his negligence , changed him into a Cock. Alegement , ( French ) ease , releasment . Aleger , a Liquor made of sowr Ale. Alembick , ( lat . ) a Still . Alestake , ( old word ) a Maypole . Alexander , son of Philip , King of Macedon , he overthrew the Persian Monarchy , took Babylon Susa , and Persepolis , and after he had extended his Conquests as farre as India , he returned to Babylon , and there died , the word signifies in Greek helper of men . Alexandria , a Famous Port Town of Egypt . Alexipharmac , ( Greek ) a Medecine against poyson . Alferes , ( Spanish ) an Ensign bearer . Alfred , ( a Saxon word ) signifying all peace . Alfreton , q. Alfreds Town , a Town in Darbyshire , built by King Alfred , as some think , the Lords whereof were called Barons de Alfreton , the second of whom built the Abbay de Bello Capite , or Beauchief . Algareb , ( Arab. ) the Star in the right wing of the Crow . Algarfe , ( Arab. ) the head of the fifteenth mansion . Algate , ( old word ) if so be , notwithstanding , altogether . Algates , ( old word ) ever , even now , for all that . Algebar , the left foot of Orion . Algebhe , ( Arab. ) the head of the tenth mansion . Algenib . ( Arab. ) the right wing of Pegasus . Algebra , a Syriac word , signifying the art of figurative numbers , or equation . Algid , ( Lat. ) num with cold , chill . Algomeissa , ( Arab. ) the little Dog. Algon , ( Arab. ) the head of Medusa . Algorithme , ( a word compounded of Arabick and Spanish , ) the art of reckoning by Cyphers . Algrim , ( old word ) the same as Algebra . Alguze , the left foot of Orion , an Arabick word . Alhabar , ( Arab. ) a Star in the mouth of the great Dog. Alhibade , a rule on the back-side of a Geometrical instrument to take heights and depths . Alicante , one of the chief Towns of Valentia in Spain , where there is plenty of Mulbery's , of which they make Alican● wine . Alice , ( Germ. ) a womans name contracted from Adelize , i. noble . Alienation , ( Lat. ) an estranging . Alifed , ( Sax word ) alowed . Aliment , ( Lat. ) nourishment . Alimony , ( Lat. ) a pension alowed for subsistance , from a husband to his wife , being parted from him . Alioth , ( Arab. ) a star in the tail of Helice , or the Bear. All-a-bone , ( old word ) a made request . Allaborate , ( Lat. ) to labour much about a thing . Allantoides , the tunicle that wraps , and covers the head , buttocks feet , and more eminent parts of the birth . Allabanny , the same as Albany , that part of Scotland , called the Highlands , so called either from Albion , or from the Brittish words , Ellan Ban , i. white Island . Allay , a mitigation , or asswaging also the tempering of gold , or silver , with a baser metal to augment the weight of it . Allective , ( Lat. ) alluring , inciting . Allegation , ( Lat. ) a proving , an alleaging . Allegory , ( Greek ) a mysterious saying , wherein there is couched something that is different from the litteral sense . Alleluja , ( an Hebrew word ) signifying , praise ye our Lord , also the name of an Herb , called Wood-sorrel . An Alley ( French ) a narrow passage . All-good , a pot Herb , otherwise called good Henry . All-heal , an Herb , otherwise called clowns woundwort . Alliance , ( French ) an association , either by kindred , or by Covenant . † Alliency , ( Lat. ) an inticing unto . Alligation , ( Lat. ) a binding unto . Allington , a Town in Hamtshire , scituate upon the River Avon , anciently called Allaun . Allision , ( Latin ) a dashing against any thing . Alliteration , ( lat . ) a word used in Rhetorick , being a playing upon the same Letter . Allobroges , the people of Savoy , and Dauphine in France . Allocamel , ( Greek ) a beast in the Indies , having the head of a Mule , and the body of a Camel. † Allocation , ( lat . ) a placing towards . Allocations , the allowances of Officers under a Prince , or great man. Alloquie , ( lat . ) a talking unto , or parlying with any one . Allodial , lands ( a Term in law ) free lands for which no fines , or services are due . Allome , a kinde of mineral , being a salt sweat of the earth . Allot , to assign to every one his proper patrimony . Allusion , ( lat . ) a speaking in reference to another thing . An Almain , a German , also ( a Term in Musick ) being a kinde of aire , which hath a slower time then either Corant , or Saraband , also Alma● Rivets are a certain kinde of Armour rivetted with braces of mail . Almanack , ( a German word ) signifying as much as Calender , or a Prognostication by observing the course of the stars . Almaner , ( Arab. ) the ●ight of a Planet in his Epicycle . Almantica , ( Arab. ) see Zodiack . Alma●zor , ( Arab. ) Defender , it being the name of divers Princes , and great men among the Moors . Almicantarats , ( Arab. ) a Term in Astronomy , being those lines which passe through the Meridian paralel with the Horizon . Almner , a Kings , or Princes Officer that looks to the distribution of Alms , or fragments of meat to the poor . Almond , a certain kinde of Thracian Nut so called . Almugia , ( Arab. ) the scituation of Planets in the Zodiack , so as to behold each other face to face . Almuten , of a house , is that Planet , which hath most dignities in the signe ascending , or descending from the Cusp of any house , but Almuton of a figure is that Planet , which in essential dignities , or accidental is most powerfull in the whole Scheme of Heaven . Alnath , ( Astronomick ) a star which is to be seen in the Horns of Aries . Alnewick , a Town in Northumberland , scituate upon the River Alne , famous for a battel between William King of Scots , and the English under Henry the second , it is fortified with a strong Castle , where Malcolm the third was slain when he besieged it , it is also called Alanwick and Anwick . Aloes , Sea Housleek , Bitterwort , an Herb whose juyce congeals in a Gum very profitable in Physick , also a Wood called Lignum vitae-Aloe , Zocatrina , is that which is brought out of the Island Zocatara . Alogie , ( Greek ) a being irrational , or void of reason . Alopecie , ( Greek ) a disease called the Scurf , or Foxes evil , wherein the hairs fall off from the head by the roots . Alosha , a certain drink made of water and hony , much used in Spain in hot weather . Alpha , the first of the Greek letters . Alphabet , the order of letters , A.B.C. Alpharaiz ( Arab. ) the right shoulder of Pegasus . Alpharez , ( Arab. ) the navel of Pegasus . Alpheta , ( Arab. ) the shining star of the Crow . Alpheus , a famous River of Arcadia , which running a great way into the Sea , meets at length with Arethusa , a River in Sicilie , nearunto Siracuse . Alphitomancie , ( Greek ) a divination by tarly meal . Alphonsus , from the Gottish word Helphuns , i. our help , the name of divers great Kings of Spain and Naples . Alphonsin-Tables , certain Astronomical calculations invented by Alphonsus King of Aragon . Alphrad , the bright star in Hydra . Alps , great Hills that divide France from Italy . Alrameck , ( Arab. ) a star in the constellation of Bootes . Aliacaba , ( Arab. ) the Pole-star , or the tayl of cynosure . Alresford , a Town in Hantshire ; given by Kinew●lce the religious Saxon King to the Church at Wenta . Alteration , ( lat . ) a changing . Altercation , ( lat . ) a contentious dispute . Alternation , ( lat . ) a changing by turns . Althaea , see Meleager . † Altiloquent , ( lat . ) speaking loftily . † Attitonant , ( lat . ) an Epithet anciently given to Jupiter , and signifies thundring from on high . Altitude , ( lat . ) heighth , also a Term in Astronomy , being the heigth of the sun , or any of the stars from the Horizon . † Altivolant , ( lat . ) soaring , or flying aloft . Alveary , ( lat . ) a Hive of Bees . Alvea●ed , ( lat . ) channelled , or trenched from Alveus , a channel . Alume , a certain astringent mineral , somewhat whitish and transparent . Alumnation , ( lat . ) a fostering , or nourishing . † Alutation , ( lat . ) a tanning , or dressing of leather . Alytarch , ( Greek ) a keeper of rule and order in publick Games and Ceremonies . A. M. Amayne , a Term used by men of War incountring another ship , and bidding them yield . Amalgaminge , an old word used by Chaucer , signifying a mixture of Quicksilver , with other metals . 〈◊〉 , the Nurse of Jupiter , she fed him with Goats milk , and he afterwards as a reward gave her the horn of a Goat , which had this faculty , that whatsoever she desired she should have it , whence Amalthean horn hath been taken for an embleme of plenty . Amand , ( lat . ) to send one away . Amanuensis , ( lat . ) a secretary , one that writes for another . Amaritude , ( Lat. ) bitternesse . Amassement , ( French ) a crouding , or heaping of several things together . Amate , to discourage . Amazons , certain warlike women of Asia , that dwelt near the River Thermodoon , who burnt off their right paps , and killed all their Male Children , that they might have no man among them , their most renowned Queens were Mathesia , Orithya , Penthesilea , whom Achilles slew , coming to help the Trojans , Menalippe and Hippolyta , whom Hercules overcame , and gave Theseus to wife . Ambacti , among the ancient Gauls , were those servants and dependants , which belonged to their chief Nobility . Ambage , ( Lat. ) a far-fetch't circumstance of words . Amber , a hard yellow Gum , of which they make beads and bracelets , some think it to be the Gum of Poplar Trees , others the juyce of a certain stone that grows like Corral . Ambergreece , a sweet perfume , or Aromatick juyce , which some hold to be a kinde of bitumen , rising from Fountains in the bottom of the Sea , and becoming hard by floating upon the water . Amb●anum , the Citie of Amiens in Picardie . Ambidexter , ( Lat. ) one that useth both hands alike , also ( a Term in Common-law ) signifying a Juror that taketh of both parties for the giving of his verdict . Ambient , ( Lat. ) encircling , compassing round , an Epithete properly belonging to the aire . Ambifarious , ( Lat. ) that which hath a twofold meaning . Ambiguous , ( Lat. ) uncertain , doubtfull . † Ambilogy , ( Lat. ) an obscure saying , a dark speech . Ambition , ( Lat. ) an excessive thirst of honour . Amblothridium , a Medicine provoking travel before the time . Amblygone , ( Greek ) a Term in Geometry , signifying a figure that hath a blunt , or obtuse angle . Ambracia , a Citie of Epirus , vulgarly called Lacta . Ambresbury , q. Ambrose , his Town , a Town scituate upon the River Avon in Wiltshire , built by Ambrose Aurelian , here Alfritha King Edgars wife erected a stately Nunnery to expiate the murther of her son in Law King Edward , in this Nunnery afterwards Eleanor widow of K. Henry the third , devoted her self to God. An Ambrey , a cup-board . Ambrose , the name of an ancient Bishop of Milain , and one of the fathers , the word signifieth in Greek Divine , or immortal . Ambrosia , an Herb called Artimisia , Wood sage , it is a word often used by the Poets to signifie the meat of the Gods. Ambulatory , ( Lat. ) a place to walk in . Amburbial , sacrifices were certain , ancient sacrifices wherein the beast went about the Citie before he was sacrificed . Ambuscado , ( Spanish ) an ambush , or men secretly so disposed as to rush out upon an enemy unawares . Ambustion , ( Lat. ) a singing , or burning round about . Amen , ( a Syriack word ) signifying ▪ verily , or so be it , and therefore it is used after every prayer . Amenity , ( Lat. ) delightfulnesse , pleasure . Amenused , ( old word ) diminish't . Amercement ▪ or Amerciament , ( a Term in Law ) a penalty , or pecuniary punishment set upon the head of an Offender against the King , or Lord in his Court. America , the fourth part of the world discovered about the year 1492. by Americus Vesputius , a Florentine and Christophorus Columbus ; a Genoese . Amery , in ( Lat. ) Almaricus , a proper name , from the German word Emeric . i. alwayes rich and powerfull . An Amesse , a Priests hood , or Cap , which he weareth in the Quire. Amethyst , ( Gr. ) a precious stone , so called , because it is said to represse drunkness . Amiable , ( Lat. ) lovely . Amicable , ( Lat. ) friendly . Amict , see Amesse . Amy , in ( Fr. ) Aime , i. beloved , a name common , both for man and women from Amadeus , by which name many of the Dukes of Savoy have been called . Amission , ( Lat. ) losse . Ammodite , a creeping insect of a sandy colour , and full of black spots . Ammoniac , a kinde of Gum , which is brought from Lybia , near the Temple of Ammon , also a kinde of Salt like Allum , which is found in Africa . Amnesty , ( Greek ) a burying in silence , and Oblivion , all former injuries and dammages . Amnios , the second Tunicle that enwraps the birth , and covers it all over . Amoebean , ( Greek ) Amoebean verses are those which answer one another . Amorist , a lover , an amorous man. Amoroso , ( Ital. ) the same . Amort , ( French ) dead , whence , one that is melancholy , or in a dumps , is said to be all Amort . Amortize , to kill , a word used by Chaucer . Amotion , ( Lat. ) a removing out of the way . Ampelite , a kinde of pitchy , cleaving , and black earth , wherewith they use to anoint Vines to kill the worms . Ampelusia , a promontory in Mauritania . Amphiaraus , the son of Oileus , he was a great Prophet , who was desired by Adrastus , to go to the War of Thebes , but he knowing he should not return , kept himself private , till being betrayed by his wife Eriphile , who was bribed with a golden bracelet , he was forced to go , but the first day he came to Thebes , he was swallowed up alive by the earth . Amphibious , ( Greek ) living indifferently upon both Elements , land and water . Amphibologie , ( Greek ) see Amphilogie . Amphictions , ( Greek ) the Councel of Greece , consisting of men chosen out of the twelve chief Cities , for the making of laws , and deciding of all controversies : It was instituted by Amphyction the son of Hellen , or as others say by Acrisius . Amphion , the son of Jupiter and Ant●ope , who being married to Lycus , and after vitiated by Epaphus , was imprisoned by Lycus's 2. wife , but being set at liberty by Jupiter , she fled to the Hill Cytheron , where she brought forth Twins , Zethus and Amphion , who to revenge their mothers injuries , tormented Dirce by tying her to a wilde Bull 's tale , but Bacchus pitying her , changed her to a Fountain , Amphion became so rare a Musician , that he was said to build the Theban Walls , by playing upon Mercuries Harp. Amphiscians , ( Greek ) those people that live under the Equator , where the shadow 's are cast both wayes , North and South . Amphitheater , a place made for the acting of stage-playes , and publick spectacles differing from a common Theater , as being more perfect , and built in a full circle , the other onely in a semicircle . Amphitrite , the daughter of Nereus and Doris , the wife of Neptune , she sitting at the foot of Atlas , was brought to him by a Dolphin , and made Queen of the Sea. Amphitryo , the son of Alceus Prince of Thebes , who married Alcmena , daughter of Electryon and Lysidice , upon that condition that he should revenge the death of her brothers upon the Teleboans and Taphians , but while he was in the War , Jupiter coming to her in the likenesse of her husband , and lying with her , she brought forth Twins , Hercules son to Jupiter , Iphiclus to Amphitryo . Amphiction , a King of Athens , the son of Deucalion , he succeeded Cranaus in the Kingdom . Amphora , an ancient measure of liquid things , the Italick Amphora contained five Gallons , the Attick Amphora seven Gallons and a half . Ampliation , ( Lat. ) an enlargement , also a deferring of judgement , till the cause be better examined , a word used in Common-law . Amplification , ( Lat. ) a making large , or amplifying . Amplitude , ( Lat. ) largenesse , also a Title of Honour used among the Latins . Ampullous , ( Lat. ) swelling like a bottle also puft up with pride . Amputation , ( Lat. ) a curtailing , a lopping off . Amsanctus , a place in the midst of Italy , where are many waters full of Brimstone , which send forth a pestilent and noisome smell , and are inclosed round about with Woods , which gave occasion to the Poets to faign that the infernal Ghosts had their abode there . Amstelodamum , the chief Citie of Holland , now called Amsterdam . Amulet , ( Lat. ) a kinde of composition somewhat like a Pomander to wear about one , which preserveth from the plague , poyson , or inchantment . Amulius , King of the Latin's , he disposest his brother Numitor of the Kingdom , and made a Vestal of his Neece Rhea Silvia , but she being got with Childe by Mars ( as it was reported ) brought forth Romulus and Remus , who afterwards reigned . Amycus King of the ●ebrycii , the son of Neptune and Melie , who challenging all strangers to fight with him with whirlebats , was at length slain by Pollux . Amymone , one of the fifty daughters of Danae , she was ravish't by Neptune , and brought forth Nauplius . Amyris , an inhabitant of Sybaris , who foretelling the ruine of his Countrey fled away with all his goods . A N Ana , a Greek adverb , used by Physitians in their bills to signifie the like quantity of each , also a kind of Indian beasts with long teeth , and sharp nails . Anabaptists , a Sect of Hereticks first begun in Germany , as some say , by one Nicholas Stork , in the year 1521. their chief Tenet is that men ought not be baptized , till they are able to render an account of their faith . † Anabathrum , ( Greek ) a place whereunto we ascend by steps . Anacardium , ( Greek ) a kinde of bean growing in Malaga . Anachorite , ( Greek ) a kinde of religious person that gives himself up to a religious life . Anacreon , a famous Lyrick Poet of Teus in Jonia , who was choaked with the husk of a raison . † Anacrisis , ( Greek ) question of the guilty , either by torment , or by interrogation . Anachronisme , ( Greek ) a word used in Chronology , signifying a false collection of time . Anadem , ( Greek ) a Garland . Anadesme , ( Greek ) a swath , a cloath , to tie up wounds . Anadiplosis , ( Greek ) a figure in Rhetorick , i. e. when one verse begins with the same word the last ended with . Anaetis , a Goddesse among the Lydians , to whom the chiefest Noble men used to Dedicate their daughters . Anaglyphick ( Greek ) belonging to the art of Carving , or Embossing . Anagnostick , ( Greek ) a Curate , or one that serveth to read to another . † Anagogical , ( Greek ) skilled in deep matters , well read in mysterious learning . Anagram , ( Greek ) a transposing the letters of any ones name , so as to make another word of it , which art some say was invented by Lycophron . Anagraph , ( Greek ) a register , an inventory . Analects , ( Greek ) scraps , which are gathered from the Table , also Metaphorically taken for any collections . Analemme , ( Greek ) a Mathematical instrument to finde out the course , or elevation of the Sun , or any Planet . Analogisme , ( Greek ) a logical argument from the cause to the effect . Analogie , ( Greek ) proportion , correspondence . Analysis , ( Greek ) a resolution of doubtfull matters , also a distribution of the whole into parts . Ananias , ( Hebr. ) the grace of the Lord a proper name . Anapaest , ( Greek ) a foot in a verse , consisting of two short syllables and one long . Anaphora , ( a Rhetorical figure ) being a repetition of the same sound , in the beginning of several sentences , or verses , also the ascention of the signs , from the East by the dayly course of the firmament . Anapologetical , ( Greek ) having no excuse , without any Apology . Anarchy , ( Greek ) a disorder in government , a being without rule , or Prince . Anarand , a Brittish proper name , corrupted from Honoratus , i. e. Honourable . Anaretas , see Interfector . Anathema , ( Greek ) with e short , is a person solemnly curs't , or devoted to destruction . Anathema , ( Gr. ) that which is offered to an Idol . Anatocisme , ( Greek ) the yearly receipt of usury , when at the years end the use is become principal . Anatomy , ( Greek ) the dissection of a body , for the more exact discovery of all the inward parts . Anaxarete , a beautifull Virgin of Salamis , who disdaining the love of Iphis , was the cause that he hang'd himself before the her door , and was afterwards , for her hard heartednesse turned into a stone . Anaximander , a great Milesian Philosopher , the Successour of Thales . Ancoeus , the son of Neptune , he being much given to Agriculture , and going to drive a wilde Boar out of a Vineyard he had planted , was slain by the Boar. Ancaster , a Town , or long street in Lincolnshire , by Antoninus called Crocolana , in which the memory of Antiquity is continued by the Roman Coines , and Vaults under ground oftentimes discovered . Anchises , the son of Capys , he was carried by his son Aeneas from the sack of Troy ▪ but died in his journy toward Italy . Anchoret , see Anachorite . Anchurus , the son of Midas , he after Midas was warned by the Oracle to throw what he had most precious into a great gap of the earth , about Celenon in Phrygia , & had thrown in his gold in vain , her rode into the Abysse , which had swallowed many men , and afterwards it closed up . Ancus Martius , the fourth King of the Romans . Ancil , ( Lat. ) a kinde of sheild , or buckler , made after the fashion of a decrescent Moon , the first of this form was reported to fall from heaven into the hands of Pompilius , Numa , in the time of a great plague , who by the instinct of the Goddesse Egeria caused eleven more to be made , and committed them to the keeping of the 12. Salii . Ancona , the chief Citie of Picenum in Italy , first built by the Sicilians . Andalusia , a Countrey in Spain , first called Baetica . Andradswald , a Wood in Sussex , aciently 120 miles in length , memorable for the death of Sigebert , King of the West Saxons , who having been deposed , was stabbed in this place by a Swinheard . Andrago , ( Lat. ) a woman of manly countenance and carriage . Andrastes , or Andate , a certain Goddesse worshipt by the ancient Brittains , as the Goddesse of victory . Andrew , ( Greek ) a proper name , signifying manly . Androdamant , ( Greek ) a kinde of precious stone . Androgyne , ( Greek ) one of both Sexes , one that is both man and woman . Andromache , wife to Hector , she was after his death married to Helenus the Prophet and son of Priam. Andromeda , the daughter of Cepheus King of Aethiopia , she was for her pride exposed to the cruelty of a Sea-monster , but delivered by Perseus . Androna , ( Greek ) a place that was anciently made in ships , onely for men to be in . Anelate , a kind of a wood knife . Anemone , ( Greek ) a kind of flower , called a wind flower . Anfractuosity , ( Lat. ) an intricate turning and winding . Angel , in gold , is a piece of Coyn that hath an Angel stamp't upon it , and beares the value of 10 shillings . Angelica , an Herb so called . Angelical , ( Greek ) belonging to an Angel , i. a messenger , the Angels are also taken in holy Scripture for those immortal spirits , which wait upon Almighty God in the highest heavens , they are divided by Saint Paul , into nine several orders , Seraphim , Cherubim , Thrones , Dominations , Virtues , Powers , Principates , Arch-Angel , and Angel. Angelot , ( French ) a kind of small Cheese commonly made in France . Angle , a corner , also a Term in Geometry , being the concurse of two lines meeting together , so as that they do not make one line . Angles , also are the most powerfull houses ; for a Planet therein hath more power , and efficacy then another ( in any other house ) that is but equally dignified . The Angles are these , viz. The first house , or the East Angle , the tenth , or the South Angle , the seventh house , or the West Angle , and the fourth , or the North Angle . Anglia , a part of great Brittain , now called England . Anglesey , an Island lying over against Caernarvon in Wales , it was anciently the seat of the Druides , and was called by the Brittains , Ynis Dowil , and the land of Mon , in Latin Mona . It was first attempted by Paulinus Swetonius , and afterwards brought under the Roman Empire by Julius Agricola , many ages after it was Conquered by the English-men , and thence derived this name as it were the English-mens Island . Anguineous , ( Latin ) pertaining to a snake . Anguish , ( Latin Anguor , French Angoisse ) grief , agony . Angular , ( Lat. ) full of Angles , or Corners . Angus , a County in the South-part of Scotland , called in Latin Angusia , anciently Aenia . Angust , ( Lat. ) narrow . Anhelation , ( lat . ) a difficulty in fetching ones breath . Anility , ( lat . ) feminine old age . Animadversion , ( lat . ) a lending ones attention , as it were a turning ones mind that way , also a correcting . Animal , ( lat . ) a creature indued with life and sence . Animalillio , ( Spanish ) a little animal . Animosity , ( lat . ) stoutnesse , stomack , willfulnesse . Anlace , ( old word ) a dudgeon , a half dagger . Annals , ( lat . ) Histories of passages acted from year to year . Annandale , a County in the North part of Scotland , so called as it were the Vale by the River Anan , it was in old time inhabited by a people called Selgovae . Annarian law , a law among the Romans , concerning the age , wherein a man might sue for , or exercise any publick Office. Annates , ( lat . ) first fruits paid out of spiritual benefices . Anne , ( Hebr. ) the proper name of a woman , signifying gracious , full of mercy . Anneal , to paint upon glasse . Annexation , the uniting of lands , or other Rents of the Crown . Anselm , ( Germ. ) defence of Authority , a proper name . Annibal , a great Captain of the Carthaginians , and the son of Amilcar , he overthrew Sempronius at Trebia , Flaminius at the Lake Thrasymene , and Paulus Aemylius , at Cannae , he was beaten by Marcellus , and afterwards at Zama , by Scipio Africanus , at last flying to Prusia , King of Bythinia , he there poysoned himself . Annihilation , ( latin ) a reducing to nothing . Anniversary , ( lat . ) down yearly , at a certain time , or celebrated every year . Annon , a Carthagian that coveted to be a God , and taught birds to sing Annon is a God. Anodynous , as much as to say pain-easing or without pain . Anodynous Medicaments are such as are appropriated to give ease by stupifying the sences , such are Soporifics , and Narcotics . Annotation , ( lat . ) a nothing , or marking , an Exposition upon any writing . Annoy , to trouble , hurt . Annueler , ( old word ) secular . Annuity , ( lat . ) a yearly Pension ; in Common-law , the difference between Annuity and Rent , is this , that Rent is payable out of land ; Annuity charges onely the person of the Grantor . Annul , ( lat . ) to make void , q. annihil . Annulet , ( lat . ) a little Ring , or any thing made in the form of a Ring . Annunciation , ( lat . ) a telling , or declaring a thing , as it were a doing , a message unto , also the day of the Virgin Marie , which falls on the 25th . of March. Anoysance , or Nusance , ( French ) a hurt , or damage in law , it signifieth a trespasse upon a Neighbours ground , by stopping up his water , or hindring his light . Anomalous , ( Greek ) unequal , uneven . Anonymous , ( Greek ) namelesse , without a name . Anopsie , ( Greek ) privation of sight . Anorexy , ( Greek ) one of the Symptomes of the stomack , being a want of appetite . Antaeus , the son of Neptune and Terra , who fighting with Hercules recovered strength as often as he touch't his mothers earth , but at length Hercules holding him up from the ground killed him . Antagonist , ( Greek ) an adversary . Antalope , a Syrian Heart , swift of foot , and having long Horns . Antarctick , ( Greek ) a word used in Astronomy , the Antarctick Pole , being the Southern Pole , so called , because it is contrary to the Arctick Pole , & the Antarctick Circle , contrary to the Arctick Circle . Antares , ( Arab. ) the Scorpions heart , a Term in Astrology . Anteacts , ( lat . ) deeds , or actions done in times past . Anteambulation , ( lat . ) a walking before . Antecedaneous , ( lat . ) foregoing . Antecedent , ( latin ) the same also excelling , having a relative , also a Term in Logick , the first proposition of a Syllogisme . Antecessours Forefathers , Acestors , as it were , Foregoers . Antecursor , ( lat . ) a forerunner . Antedate , to date a Letter before the time . Antedeluvian , ( lat . ) being before the floud . Anteloquie , ( lat . ) a Preface , also a Term among stage players , signifying their turn , or cue . Antemeridian hour , ( lat . ) hour before-noon . Antenor , a Trojan Prince , who coming into Italy with the Heneti , and Paphlagones built Antenorea , since called Padua . Anteoccupation , ( lat . ) see praeoccupation . Anteri●r , ( lat . ) foremost , on the foreside . Antevene , ( lat . ) to prevent , to come before . Anthem , ( Greek ) a Divine song , wherein each verse is sung by Church-men in their courses . Anthologie , ( Greek ) a treating of flowrs , also a florid discourse . Anthony , the proper name of a man , signifying in Greek flourishing . Anthropomorphites , ( Greek ) a Sect of Hereticks that began in Aegypt , in the year 395. their chief Tenet was , that God had a Corporeal shape . Anthropopathy , ( Greek ) a being indued with the passions , or affections of men . Anthropophagi , ( Greek ) men eaters . Antiaxiomatisme , ( Greek ) that , which is against any known Axiome . Antichrist , ( Greek ) an opposer of Christ. Antichthones , ( Greek ) a people that dwell on that part of the earth , which is opposite to ours , going with their feet directly against ours . Anticipated , ( lat . ) prevented . Anticlea , the daughter of Diocles , who being defloured by Sisyphus , brought forth Vlysses . Antidicomarians , a sort of Hereticks that were against the Virgin Mary . Antidote , ( Greek ) a Medicine given to preserve one against poyson , or infection . Antigonus , one of Alexanders Captains , who afterwards became possessour of Asia . † Antigraph , ( Greek ) a Copy , a Counterpane . Antike work , a Term in painting , or Carving , it being a disorderly mixture of divers shapes of men , birds , flowr's , &c. Antilogie , ( Greek ) a contradicting , or opposing . Antimony , a certain kinde of stone inclining towards silver , and found in silver Mines . Antinomians , ( Greek ) a Sect of people that hold legal ▪ services to be unprofitable , and that God sees no sin in children , this Sect was begun somewhat above a hundred years ago , by one John Islebius a German . Antioeci , those that dwell under half of the Meridian , and paralels of a like distance from the Aequator , but the one North-ward , and the other South-ward . Antipagments , ( lat . ) garnishings in Posts or Doors wrought in Stone , or Timber . Antipast , the first dish that is served up at a meal . Antipathy , ( Greek ) a secret contrariety in nature , a contrariety of humours and inclinations . Antiperistasis , ( Greek ) a philosophical word , signifying the strengthning , and opposing of any quality against its contrary , as of cold against heat , or the like . Antiphrasis , ( Greek ) a figurative speech , having a contrary meaning . Antiphone , ( Greek ) see Anthem . Antipilanes , or Antepilani , ( Lat. ) a sort of Souldiers in the fore part of the Roman Army . Antipodes , ( Greek ) see Antichthones . Antiquate , ( Lat. ) to abolish , to abrogate . Antique , ( Lat. ) old , out of fashion . Antisabbatarians , a sort of Hereticks , who deny the Sabbath . Antiscions , are degrees beholding one another equally distant from the two Tropicks , and so much as a Planet shall want of either of the Tropicks , so much on the other side the Tropick shall the Antiscion of the Planet fall , and shall give virtue to any Star , or Planet that is in the same degree , or casteth any Aspect thereto . Antistrophe , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , namely when several Members of a sentence end all with the same word . Antithesis , ( Greek ) a figure in Rhetorick , wherein one letter , or word is put for another . Antithesis , ( Greek ) things opposed . Antitrinitarians , a Sect of Hereticks , which deny the Trinity , which comprehend under them , the Arians , Sabellians , and others . Antitype , ( Greek ) an example like to the pattern . Antivestaeum , the utmost promontory of Brittain , lying upon the Western Ocean , it hath been called in former times by the Brittish Bards Penring●aed , the Promontory of bloud , by the Welsh Historians Penwith , i. the Promontory on the left hand . Antonians , an order of religious men , instituted by Saint Anthony , an Aegyptian Monk , in the year 1324. Antonomasia , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , wherein instead of a proper name , another name is put . Antrim , the name of a County in Ireland . Antwerp , a famous Citie in Brabant , which was pull'd down by the Duke of Alva , but restored again by the the Duke of Parma . Anubis , a Heathen God , whom the Aegyptians worshipped for Mercurie in the shape of a Dog. Anweald , ( Sax. ) Authority . Anxiety , ( Lat. ) vexation , anguish , grief . Anyger , a River of Thessaly , where the Centaures washed their wounds after they had been wounded by Hercules , which caused the waters ever after to have an ill taste . A O Aonia , a part of Boeotia , where the Muses Well is , whence the Muses are called Aonides . Aorist , ( Greek ) indefinite , also among the Greek Verbs there are two tenses Aoristus primus , and Aoristus secundus . Aornus , a Lake in Italy , near the River Po , whose waters are infected with a deadly noysomnesse : into this Lake , the Poets feign that Phaeton fell being struck with thunder , and that his sisters weeping for him were changed into poplars dropping Amber . A P Apamia , a Town of Bythinia , so called by Nicomed , the son of Prusia . Apatny , ( Greek ) freenesse from passion , or affection . Apelby , a Town in Westmorland , anciently called Abballaba , memorable for its pleasant scituation upon the River Eden , and for its Antiquity , the Aurelian Maures keeping their station there in the time of the Romans . Apelles , a famous painter of the Island Cous , who having the picture of Venus unfinish't , no man durst undertake it after him . Apennage , ( French ) a Childes portion , the Law of Apennages in France , is that , which forbids the Kings younger sons to have partage with the Elder . Apennine , a great Hill running through the midst of Italy . † Apepsie , ( Greek ) incoction , crudity of the stomack . Aphaeresis ( Greek ) the taking away of a letter from the beginning of a word . Aphelium , a point wherein the Sun , or any other Planet is most distant from the Earth . Aphetical , ( Astrological Term ) belonging to the Planet , that is disposer of life in a Nativity . Aphorisme , ( Greek ) a brief select sentence , expressing the property of a thing . Aphrodite , ( Greek ) the name of Venus , as being ingendred of the froth of the Sea. Apina , and Trica , two Towns of Apulia destroyed by Diomed , with so much ignominy , that they became a proverb of contempt . Apis , King of Argos , the son of Jupiter , and Niobe , he was otherwise called Osiris , and took to wife Isis , leaving the Kingdom of Achaia to Aegialeus , he went into Aegypt , and civilizing the people reign'd there . Apocalyps , ( Greek ) a revelation , or unfolding of a dark mystery , a title given to the last book of the holy Scriptures , written by St. John in the Isle of Patmos . Apocryphal , ( Greek ) doubted of , whose original is unknown . Apodictical , ( Greek ) demonstrable , easie to be made plain . Apogaeum , ( Greek ) a Term in Astronomy , being that point of Heaven , where the Sun , or any Planet is farthest from the Center of the earth . Apograph , ( Greek ) a Copy taken from another pattern . Apollo , the son of Jupiter and Latona , born in Delos , at one birth with Diana , coming to age , he slew the Serpent Pytho , and afterwards the Cyclops , for which he was deprived of his Divinity , and kept the sheep of Admetus , King of Thessaly , upon the banks of Amphrysus , he loved Daphne , who flying from him was turned into a Lawrel-Tree , also he loved Hyacynthus , a boy of a rare feature , whom killing by mischance , he turned into a flowr ; he was called the God of physick , of Musick and Archery , and guided the Chariot of the day . Apollyon , ( Greek ) a name in Scripture , attributed to the Devil , it signifying , destroyer . Apologue , ( Greek ) a tale , a moral fable , such as that of Menenius Agrippa , and those of Aesop. Apologie , ( Greek ) a justifying answer , an excuse , or defence . Apopheret , ( Lat. ) a present , a New years gift . Apophlegmatisme , ( Greek ) a Medecine , to purge away flegme , and waterish humours . Apophtegme , ( Greek ) a short and witty sentence . Apoplexy , ( Greek ) a taking away of sence and motion from the animal parts of the body : for which reason the dead palsie is called by this name . Aporetick , ( Greek ) doubting . Apostasie , ( Greek ) a revolting , a falling away , or defection from ones duty , or first profession . Aposteme , ( Greek ) the gathering of corruption into any one part of the body . Apostle , ( Greek ) a Messenger , a word most peculiarly appropriate to the twelve Disciples of Christ , who were sent to preach the Gospel . Apostrophe , ( Greek ) a figure , wherein there is a converting ones speech from one party to another , a mark of the cutting off some Vowel at the end of a word . † Apotheke , ( Greek ) a shop , or store house , wherein any thing is laid up . Apotomy , ( Greek ) a Mathematical word , a cutting off part of a line . Apozeme , ( Greek ) a decoction , a Term used in Physick . Appal , to dismay , also to decay . Appareil , ( French ) a preparation , a making ready , also the summe at the foot of an account , which remains charged upon a house , or Colledge . Apparitour , ( Lat. ) one that summons people to appear at a Court. Appartment , ( Ital. ) a division , or separation , also so much of a great house as is set apart for the intertainment of one person , or one family . Appeach , to accuse one of any crime . App●al , a word used in Common-Law , and signifies to remove a cause from an inferiour Judge , to a Superiour , also a suing within a year and a day , of one , who is next of kin to a party that is murthred . Apellative , ( Lat. ) a Noun Appellative , is a Term used in Grammar , signifying a name that 's common to a great many . Appellour , vid. Approver . Appendant , ( Lat. ) a Term used in Civil Law , and in Logick , as when a field is apendant to a freehold , an adjunct to a subject . Appendix , ( Lat. ) an Addition , a thing that depends upon another . Appetency , ( Lat. ) earnest desire . Appeteth , desireth , a word used by Chaucer . Appian way , a high-way leading from Rome through Campania , as far as Brundusium , which Appius Claudius in his Consulship paved and walled . Applauds , expressions of extraordinary praise and congratulation toward the performers of great atchievements . Artam . Application , ( Lat. ) the making an addresse to any person , or the applying of one thing to another . † Applombature , ( Lat. ) a soldering with Lead . Appoast , ( French ) to subborn , to procure . Apposen , to demand . Apposite , ( Lat. ) put to , also to the purpose . Appostile , ( French ) a small addition to a discourse in writing , set down in the margent . Apprehension , ( Lat. ) understanding , also according as it is used with expressions , either of danger , or happinesse , it denotes either fear , or joy . Cassandra . Apprentice , skill , Chaucer . Appretiation , ( Lat. ) a high valueing , a setting a high price upon a thing . Approbation , ( Lat. ) liking . Approperate , ( lat . ) to hasten . Appropinquate , ( lat . ) to draw nigh . Appropriation , ( lat . ) a taking to ones self , also a Term in law , a converting the profit of an Ecclesiastical living to ones proper use , onely maintaining a Vicar . Approver , ( Lat. ) a Term in Law , one who confessing himself guilty of Felony , accuseth another , he is also called appellour . † Appuyed , ( French ) stayed , supported . Aprication , ( Lat. ) basking in the Sun. Aprize , ( old word ) adventure . Apsonus , a Citie near the Euxin Sea , where Medea slew her brother Absyrtus . Ap-thanes , the Superiour sort of the Nobility of Scotland were anciently so called , the lower sort Vnder-Thanes . Aptitude , ( Lat. ) fitnesse . Aptote , ( Greek ) a Term in Grammar , being a Noun not declined with cases . Apulia , a Region in Italy , vulgarly called Puglia , formerly called Iapygia from Iapyx the son of Daedalus . A Q Aqua Caelestis , a liquor which the Chymists call rectified wine . Aquarius , one of the twelve signs in the Zodiack , whereinto the Sun enters in January . Aquatile , ( Lat. ) that lives in the water . Aqueduct , ( Lat. ) a Conduit that convey's wa●er by a pipe . Aqueous , ( Lat. ) waterish . Aquila , ( Lat. ) ( an Eagle ) in Astronomy , it is one of the heavenly signs . Aquileia , a Citie in Italy , which being besieged by Maximinus held out so stoutly , that when they wanted ropes for the moving of their Engins , the women suffered their hair to be cut to supply the want . Aquiliferous , ( Lat. ) an Epithete of the Roman standard , that bears the picture of an Eagle upon it . Aquisgrane , a Citie in Gulick , now called Aixcovit , built by Granus , as some suppose , the brother of Nero. Aquitania , the third part of France , now called Guien . Aquite , ( old word ) to match . Aquiter , ( old word ) a Needle case . Aquosity , ( Lat. ) waterishnesse . A R Arabesque , ( French ) a curious flourishing , or branched work in painting , or Tapestry . Arabia , a Countrey in Asia , so called from Arabus the son of Apollo , reaching from India to Aegypt , it is divided into three parts , Arabia Petraea , Arabia deserta , and Arabia foelix . Arable , ( Lat. ) plowable . Arace , ( old word ) to deface . Araneous , ( Lat. ) full of Spiders webs . Arausia , the Citie of Orange in France , now under the Princes of Nassau . Aray , order , from the ( French ) Arroy . Aray , to apparel . Arbela , ( Hebr. ) a womans name , signifying , God hath revenged . Arbitratour , ( Lat. ) an Umpire , a Commissioner , chosen by mutual consent to decide controversies between party & party . Arblaster , a word used by Chaucer , signifying a Cros-bow . Arborist , ( Latin ) he that hath skill in Trees . Arcadia , a Countrey of Peloponnesus , famous for shepherds , and for the residence of Pan , the God of shepherds , it was first called Pelasgia , from Pelasgus an ancient King , afterwards Arcadia from Arcas , son of Jupiter and Calisto , daughter of Lycaon , King of this Countrey . Arcade , ( French ) an Arch. Arcane , ( Lat. ) mysterious , secret . Arch Dapifer , a chief sewer , one of the prime Offices of the Empire , which belongeth to the Count Palatine of the Rhene . Arch Duke , a title belonging to the house of Austria . Archebald , see E●chembold . Arches , or Court of Arches , the chief Consistory belonging to the Arch-bishop of Canterbury for the debating of spiritual causes . Archetype , ( Greek ) the first figure , or Original . Arch-flamin , Prince , or chief of the Priests among the Heathens , by some called Pontifex Maximus , of whom Numa Pompilius , was the first instituter . Archimandrite , the chief of a Hermitage . Architectonick , belonging to the chief Overseer of buildings . Architecture , the Art of building , containing under it all those Arts that conduce any thing to the framing of a house , or Temple . Architrave , a word much used in Architecture , the chapiter of a Pillar , or chief beam in a building . Archive , a place where ancient Records are kept . Archontes , ( Greek ) certain Governours created in Athens , after Kingly Government was abolish't . Archonticks , certain Hereticks , so called from Archon the first of that Sect , which began in the year 334. they denied the Resurrection , and held the world to be the work of Princes . Archytas , a famous Mathematician , whom Horace mentions in one of his Odes , he made a wooden Dove to fly by art . Arcitenent , ( Lat. ) carrying a Bow and Arrow's . Arctation , ( Lat. ) a streightning . Arctick , as the Arctick Pole , or Northern Pole , and the Arctick Circle , or Northern Circle , so called from the Star Arctos , or the Bear. Arcturus , a constellation near the North-pole . Arcuare , to bend , to make after the fashion of an Arch. Arcubalist , an Engine , anciently used in war , which was to cast forth great stones . Ardenna , a great Forrest in Germany , reaching from the River Rhene , to the Citie of Turney , which is 500 miles . There is another great Forrest in Warwick-shire , so called , the word signifying in the ancient , and Gallick tongue a Wood. Ardour , ( Lat ) heat , vehemency , burning desire . Arduity , ( Lat. ) steepnesse . Arefaction , ( Lat. ) a drying . Arelatum , a Citie of France , in the Province of Narbon , now called Arles , the seat of the Kings of Basilica , the last wherof called Boso , was thrust into a Monastery by the Emperour Otho , for striking the Bishop . Areopagites , certain Judges of a Council in Athens , instituted by Solon , they were so called from Areopagos , a street in Athens , where they sate . Aret , ( old word ) an account . Aretaphila , a womans name , signifying in Greek a friend of virtue . Arethusa , the daughter of Nereus , and Doris , the wife of Alpheus , she was fain'd to be a River of Sicily . Also a Fountain in Armenia , wherein nothing can be made to sink . Argent , Silver , or Coin , also a Term in Heraldry , whereby they expresse white . Argentina , a Citie in Germany , by the Rhine , first subdued by Casar , afterwards by Allila , who called it Stratsburgh , which name it retains to this day . Argile , a County of the North part of Scotland , lying over against the Coast of Ireland , and therefore called by the Natives Arguithil , i. near the Irish , in Latin , Argathelia . Argiletas , a place near the Palace in Rome , so called from Argos , Captain of the Argives , who having been intertained by Euander , was at length slain , and buried there . Argillous , ( Lat. ) clayie , of a clammy substance . Argoil , Clay , a word used by Chaucer . Argonautes , see Jason . Argos , a Citie of Peloponesus , not farre from Athens , where many famous Kings reign'd . Argus , the son of Actor , whom Juno set as a spy , over Io , being turned into a Cow. Argute , ( lat . ) full of wit , subtile . Argyra , an Island in India , full of Gold and silver . Also a Nymph , whom Selenius being in love with died for grief , and was changed by Venus into a River . Ariadne , the daughter of Minos and Pasiphae , see more of her in Theseus . Arided , ( Arab. ) a Term in Astrology , the tail of the Swan . Aridity , ( lat . ) drynesse , sterility . Aries , ( lat . ) an Engin anciently used for the battering down of Citie walls , so called from Aries a Ram , by reason of the likenesse it had to that beast , also one of the twelve signs . Arietation , ( lat . ) a butting , a battring with the Engine Aries . Ariminum , an ancient Town of Flaminia in Italie , now called Rimini . Ariobarzanes , one of Darius his Captains , who was slain by the Greeks . Ariolation , ( lat . ) a sooth-saying . Arion , a famous Musician of the Isle of Lesbos , he was in great favour with Periander Tyrant of Corinth , as he was sayling from Italy , the Mariners conspired to kill him for his riches , but he casting himself into the Sea , was carried by a Dolphin to Taenarus ; a Town of Laconia . Arist , ( old word ) he arose . Aristaeus , the son of Apollo and Ceres , he was King of Arcadia , and found out the use of Bees , but because Euridice flying from him , was slain by the bite of a Serpent , the Nymphes destroyed his Bees , to appease , whom he having sacrificed four Oxen , and four Heifers , a multitude of Bees sprung from the dead Oxen. Aristides , an Athenian , famous for Justice . Aristocracy , ( Greek ) the Government of a Common-wealth , wherein the Nobles bear chief sway . Arite , ( old word ) to Arest , or stay . Arithmetick , ( Greek ) the art of numbring . Arithmancy , ( Greek ) a divination by numbers . Armada , ( Span. ) a great Navy . Armagh , a County in Ireland . Armenia , a Countrey of Asia , divided into the greater , and the lesser Arm●nia . Armiger , ( lat . ) a Squire , one that beareth a Knights Arms. Armilet , a little Bracelet for the arm . Arminians , a Sect of Hereticks instituted by Jacobus Arminius , in the year 1605. they hold free grace , and universal redemption . Armipotent , ( lat . ) strong in arms , powerfull . Armoniack , or Gumme Armonick , a certain Gum issuing from a plant , called fennel Gyant . Armorick , a Countrey in France , now called Brittain . Armory , a place where armes are laid up and kept . Armuzia , a Countrey on the Borders of Carmania , along the River Andanis , where are many pleasant Vineyards . Arobe , a Portugal measure of Sugar , containing 25 Bushels . Aromatick , ( lat . ) Odoriferous , having a spicy smell . Arquebuze , a little Gun , a Caleever . Arragon , a great Province of Spain , heretofore a Kingdom by it self . Arraighn , to set at the Bar of Justice , to make guilty . Arran , a County in the North-part of Scotland , anciently called Heglota , as being scituate in the River Cla●a , now called Cluid . Arrasse , a certain rich cloath , so called from Arras , a Town of Artesia , where it was made . Arrearage , ( French ) a debt due upon an old account . Arrendare , signifieth in the practick of Scotland , to set lands to any one for yearly Rent . Arreptitious , ( lat , ) suddenly caught , also snatching away privily . Arrere , ( old word ) apart , aside . Arrest , ( French ) a stay , a resting quiet in a place , also a putting a stop to proceedings , in Common-law it signifieth an execution served upon a mans goods , or person , also a decree , or final sentence of a Court. Arretteth , layeth blame , an old word used by Chaucer . Arrians , a Sect of ancient Hereticks instituted by one Arrius a Lybian , about the year 315. they deny the son to be of the same substance with God the father . Arride , ( lat . ) to manifest ones consent of a thing by smiling . Arrogate , ( lat . ) to assume too much to ones self . Arsenal , ( French ) a kinde of Cittadel , where Armour and Ammunition is laid up . Arse●ick , a mineral , called Orpiment , in English Ra●s-bane . Arseversie , upside down , preposterous . Arsmart , an Herb , otherwise called water pepper . Arson , ( French ) a saddle-bow . Artaxerxes , the son of Xerxes , King of Persia , he had three sons by his wife , and 112 by his Concubines , he made Darius his Successour , who rebelling from his father , because he had taken from him his Concubine Aspasia , was slain with 50 of his brothers . Artemisia , Queen of Halicarnassus , and wife to Mausolus , she built so stately a Sepulcher for her deceased husband , that it was held for one of the seven wonders of the world , Artemisia is also the name of an Herb , called Mugwort . Artemisian ( moneth ) , the moneth of May. Arten , to constrain an ( old word ) used by Chaucer . Arteries , ( Lat. ) those hollow membranous Vessels like to veins , in which the most thin , and hottest part of the bloud together with the vital spirits pass through the body . Arteriotomy , ( Greek ) a cutting of an Artery . Arthritical disease , the Gout from Arthritis , a Greek word which signifies a joynt . Arthur , a famous , warlike King of the Brittains , who beat the Saxons in divers set battails , this word signifieth in the Brittish tongue strong man. Articular , ( Lat. ) joynted . Articulate , ( lat . ) to joynt , also make Articles of agreement . Artificer , ( Lat. ) a work-man . Artillery , great brasse Guns , Cannons . Artisan , or Artist , a master of his Art. Arval brothers , a fraternity of Roman Priests , twelve in number , who besides their performance of publick sacrifices , were appointed Judges of Land-marks . Arvisian wine , a sort of Greek wine from Arvis , now called Amista , in the Island Chios . Arundel , in Latine Aruntina vallis , a Town in Sussex , so called as it were Arundale , i. a dale lying upon the River Arun , it hath a strong Castle , which Robert de Belismo , keeping against King Henry the first , he thereupon forfeited his estate , and was proscribed . Arundiferous , ( Lat. ) bringing forth Reeds . Aruspicy , ( Lat. ) a certain kinde of divination ( anciently much in use among the Romans ) by looking into the bowels of beasts . A S Asabaracca , the Herb called Folefoot . Asbate , ( old word ) a buying . Asbestes , a people of Lybia about Cyrene , where the Oracle of Jupiter Ammon was . Asbestos , a kinde of precious stone of an Iron colour , which being once fir'd cannot be quencht . Ascanius , the son of Aeneas , by Creusa the daughter of Priamus , he raigned in Italy 30 years , and built Alba. Ascaunces , ( old word ) as though . Ascendant , an Astrological Term , it being the point of the Ecliptick , which riseth at some determinate moment , when any one is born , it is also called the Horoscope , it signifieth also Metaphorically , a predominant , or powerfull influence over any one : Cleopatra . Ascertain , to assure . Ascetick , ( Greek ) belonging to a Monk , or Monastery . Asclepiad , a verse consisting of four feet , Spondee , Choriambus , and two Dactyls . Ascribe , ( Lat. ) to attribute , to impute . Ashdown , or Assendown , which some interpret the Mount of Asses , a Town in Essex , where a great battel was fought between Edward Iron-side , and Canutus the Dane . Asia , one of those four parts , into which the whole world is divided , it was so called from , Asia , wife , to Iapetus , and daughter of Oceanus , and Thetis . Asinine , ( Lat. ) belonging to an Asse . Askaunce , ( old word ) if by chance . Askaunt , ( old word ) as , to look askaunt , to look side-wayes . Askes , ( old word ) ashes . Asmodeus , ( Greek ) a friend of carnality , the name of a certain spirit . Asmotographers , ( Greek ) composers of lessons to any instrument . Asopus , a River of Boeotia running by Thebes , which the Poets faign'd to have been the father of Aegina , whom Jupiter deflowr'd . Asotus , ( Greek ) prodigal , intemperate . Aspect , ( Lat. ) a sight , also ones countenance , or presence , also a position of the stars , one toward another . Aspectable , ( Lat ) that may be seen , or beheld . Asper , a certain kinde of coyn , bearing the value of a penny farthing of our money . Asperation , ( lat . ) a making rough , or sharp . Asperity , ( lat . ) roughnesse . Aspernate , ( lat . ) to despise , to scorn . Aspersion , ( lat . ) a sprinkling , or bespattring , it is also taken Metaphorically , for a casting a blemish upon other mens reputation . Asphaltites , a Lake in Judaea , where Sodom and Gomorrha stood , having been full of brimstone , ever since it rained down upon those Cities . Asphodil , the name of a certain flowr , otherwise called Daffadil , or Narcissus . Aspick , a little venemous Serpent . Aspiration , ( lat . ) a breathing , also a note over a Greek vowel , which hath the force of an h. Asp●rtation , ( lat . ) a carrying away . Assail , to set upon , to assault . Assart , a Term in law , signifying an offence committed in a Forrest by plucking up the Woods by the roots , also to Assart , is to set in order , to make glades in a Wood , to lop off the branches of a Tree , to clear a ground of shrubs . An Ass●ssia● ( Ital. ) a Robber , or Murtherer that kills another for gain . Assay , ( French ) to prove , to try ; an Assayer of the King is an Officer of the Mint , for the true trial of silver . Ass●ctation , ( lat . ) a following any one , an adhering to anothers opinion . Ass●ntation , ( lat . ) a complying with anothers opinion out of flattery , or dissimulation . Assert , ( lat . ) to affirm , to maintain . Assesse , ( Fr. ) to set down a rate , to tax . Ass●●trix , ( ●at . ) a Midwife , a woman that is assistant to another . Assets , ( French ) a Term in Common-law , signifying goods sufficient wherewith the Heir , o● Executor may discharge the Ancestors , or Testators Debts , or Legacies . Ass●verate , ( lat . ) to affirm earnestly . A●sid●ous , ( lat . ) dayly , observant , diligent . Assigne , ( French ) a term in law , he that is constituted by another , to do any businesse , an assign indeed is he whom the person appoints , assign in law is he , whom the law appoints . Assimilati●n , ( lat . ) a likening , a resembling . Assise , Order , Chaucer . Assised , sure , firm , Idem . Assi●t , ( lat . ) to help . Assize , ( French ) a Term in law , signifying a sitting of Justices upon their Commission , it is taken also for a Writ , also a setting down the price of any commodity . Association , ( lat . ) a being frequent in company with another . Assoyle , to acquit , to pardon , also to answer , Chaucer . Assoylen , to declare ; Idem . Assuefaction , ( lat . ) an inuring , a bringing one to any thing by custome . Assuetude , ( lat . ) use , custome . Assume , ( lat . ) to take to ones self . Assumpsit , a voluntary promise , whereby a man takes upon him to perform any thing to another . Assumption , ( lat . ) a taking to , also the minor proposition of a syllogisme . Astarites , a certain Chrystalline stone having in the midst of it the resemblance of half a Moon . A●terisme , ( Gr. ) a constellation of stars . Asterisk , ( Greek ) a little star , also a mark in writing , having the form of a star . Asterius , the name of a certain King of Creet . A●terlagour , a word used by Chaucer , signifying an Astrolabe . A●●ert , ( old word ) passed . A●thma , ( Greek ) a certain disease , which causeth difficulty of breathing . Astipulation , ( lat . ) an agreement , an assent , also a witnesse . Astonish , ( lat . ) to dismay , to stupifie . Astraea , the daughter of Jupiter and Themis , or as some say of Astraeus and Aurora , she was , for her Justice , taken up into heaven , and plac't among the twelve signs . Astraeus , the son of Crius ( one of the Titans ) and Eurybaea , he married Aurora , and begat the winds ▪ and the stars . Astragal , a word used in Architecture , as also in fortification , being a certain ring , or circle about the neck of a Pillar , or a piece of Ordnance . Astr●ction , ( lat . ) a binding to . Astriferous , ( lat . ) star-bearing . Astringent , ( lat . ) binding , or making costive . A●troit , a precious stone , called in Latin Asteria , wherein little streakes like the beams of a star appear . A●●rolabe , a Mathematical instrument , to finde the motions , and distances of stars , or to take any heights and depths by . Astrologie , ( Greek ) the art of foretelling things to come , by the motions and distances of the stars . A●tromela , a Citie of the Province of Narbon in France . Astronomy , ( Greek ) an art teaching the knowledge of the courses of the stars . Asturia , a Province of Spain near Portugall , so called from the River Astura , the Pyrenean Mountains are also called Asturias . Astute , ( lat . ) subtle , witty , crafty . Astyages , the father of Mandana , and Grand-father of Cyrus . Asyle , ( Greek ) a sanctuary , a place of refuge for offenders . Asyndeton , ( Greek ) a Rhetorital figure , where comma's are put instead of conjunction copulatives . A T Atalanta , the daughter of Schoeneus King of Scyrus , she being swift of foot , it was proposed among her suiters , that he , who could out-run her , should have her for his wife , but many of them being overcome , at length Hippomenes the son of Megacles , who had received three golden Apples of Venus , that had been gathered in the Hesperian Garden , let them fall in the midst of the Race , and by that means arrived at the end before her , also the name of a great Huntresse of Arcadia , who gave the first wound to the Caledonian Boar , and was afterwards married to Meleager . Atchievement , ( French ) the performance of some great exploit . Atchek●d , ( old word ) choaked . Ateles , an Island famous for the abundance of precious Oyntments that grew there . Aterst , ( old word ) in earnest , in deed . Athamas , the son of Aeolus , and King of Thebes , he had by his wife Nephele , Phryxus , and Helle , who were so persecuted by Ino , the daughter of Cadmus , whom their father married that they fled away upon the Golden Ram , but Helle falling off into the Sea , gave the name to Hellespont , see Ino. Atheisme , ( Greek ) ungodlinesse , a being of no Religion . Athelney , or Athelingy , i. the Isle of Nobles , a little Island made by the River Th●ne in Sommersetshire , where King Alfred shrouded himself , when the Danes overran the Kingdom , as Marius did anciently in the Lake of Minturnus . Athens , a famous Citie of Greece , first called Cecropia from Cecrops , afterwards Athenae from Athenaea , or Minerva , who first found out the use of the Olive-tree . Athletical , ( Greek ) belonging to wrastling . Athol , a County in the South-part of Scotland , bordering upon Perth , and watered by the River Amund . Athos , a high Hill between Macedon , and Thrace , which casts a shadow as far as the Isle of Lemnos , upon the top of this Hill is a Citie , now called Monte Sancto . Athroted , ( old word ) cloyed . Atlantick Islands , two Islands upon the Borders of Lybia , formerly called the Fortunate Islands , or the Hesperides , where were said to be the Elysian fields . Atlantick-Sea , a part of the Mediterranean-Sea , lying West-ward , it begins at the River Molucha , and finishes at the promontory Ampelusia . Atlas , the son of Iapetus and Asia , daughter of Oceanus , who was faign'd by the Poets to support heaven upon his shoulders , also a Mountain of Mauritania , now called Anchisa , by others Montes Claros , into which the Poets faign Atlas King of Mauritania , to have been turn'd . Atmosphaere , ( Greek ) that same Region of the aire , where vapours and exhalations are ingendred . Atom , ( Greek ) a mote in the sun-beams , also a word used in Philosophy , being the smallest part of a body that can be imagined . Atonement , as it were , a making at one , a reconcilement , or causing to agree . Atramental , ( Lat. ) belonging to Ink. Atrate , ( Lat. ) made black , also one in mourning . Atrick , an Usher of a Hall. Atrocity , ( Lat. ) fiercenesse . Atrophy , ( Greek ) a kinde of consumption of the body , which is caused by the meat , not turning into nourishment . Attachment , ( French ) a laying hands on , in Common-law it signifieth a laying hold on by the force of a Writ , it differeth from an Arrest , which lieth on the body , and from a distresse which is upon land and goods , this being upon body and goods . Attainder , ( French ) a Term in law , signifying the conviction of any person of fellony , or any Crime whereof he was not convicted before . Attaint , try'd , found out . Attamed , ( old word ) set on broch . Attaque , ( French ) an assault , an incounter . Attemperate , ( Lat. ) to make fit . to mix a just proportion . An Attendant , a servant . Attenes ( old word ) at once . Attentive , ( Lat. ) diligently hearkning . Attenuation , ( Lat. ) a making lesse . Atterly , ( old word ) extreamly . Attestation , ( lat . ) a proving by witnesses . Atthis , the daughter of Cranaus , King of Athens , she died unmarried , and from her the Countrey was called Attica , whereas it was formerly called Actica from Actaeus , the first King thereof . Attick , neat , elegant , from Attica , or Athens , which was the Nursery of Eloquence . An Attiring , a dressing , or apparelling , from Tiara , a Persian Ornament for the head , also a Term in Heraldry . Attoure , ( old word ) towards . Attournment , ( French ) a Term in Common-law , a turning Tenant to a new Lord. Attraction , ( Lat. ) a drawing to , an allurement . Attraits , ( French ) the same , also those charming qualities , which have power to draw the affections of men . Artamenes . Attrebatii , the ancient name of those people that inhabited that part of England , now called Bark-shire . Attrectation , ( Lat. ) handling , also a wanton carriage towards a woman . Attribute , ( Lat. ) to give , to impute . Attrition , ( Lat. ) a rubbing , or wearing against another thing . Attwitte , ( old word ) to make blame-worthy . Atwin , ( old word ) asunder . A V Available , profitable . Avant , ( French ) forward , also a Term of disdain , as much as to say , away , out of my sight . Avarice , ( Lat. ) covetousnesse . Avaricum , a Town of Gallia , Aquitanica , now called Bourges , by some Chasteauneuf . Aubades , ( French ) songs , or instrumental musick , sung , or play'd under any ones Chamber-window in the morning , from Aube the morning . Auben●y , or Albeney , see D'anbeney . Auctour , ( Lat. ) an increaser , also the same as Author . Aucupation , ( Lat. ) fouling , also a greedy looking after gain . Audacity , ( Lat. ) boldnesse . Audley , see Awdley . Audience , ( Lat. ) hearing , also a great concourse of people coming to hear any Oration delivered in publick . Auditor , ( Lat. ) a hearer , also an Officer of the King , or any other great personage , appointed to hear , and examin the accounts of all under Officers , and to make up a general book , which shews the difference between their receipts and allowances . Audry , the name of an English Saint , the first foundresse of Ely Church , some think it contracted from the Saxon word , Ethelred . Avenant , agreeable . Avenage , ( French ) a certain quantity of Oates , which a Landlord receives in stead of some other duties . Avenio , a Citie of Gallia Narbonensis , which hath been the seat of divers Popes , now called Avignon , this Citie hath seven Palaces , seven Parishes , seven Monasteries , seven Colledges , seven Inn's , and seven Gates . Aventinus , one of the seven Hills of Rome . Avenue , ( French ) a Term in fortification , signifying the space that is left for passage to and fro , in , and out a Camp , Garrison , or Quarter . Aver , ( old word ) bribery . Aver , ( French ) affirm , to justifie . Average , from the old Latin word Averia , which signifies a beast ; it being a service , which a Tenant does unto the Lord by horse , or carriage of horse , and so the Kings Averages are 〈◊〉 Kings carriages by horse , or cart , it is also a contribution that Merchants and others make , towards the losses of those , who have their goods cast into the Sea for the safeguard of the ship . Averdupois , ( French ) it signifies in Common-law , a weight of 16 Ounces , whereas Troy-weight hath but 12. also such Merchandizes as are weighed by this weight . Averie , a place where Oates , or Provender for the Kings horses was kept , or a Christian name , signifying as much as given in wish from the Dutch Alberia . Averment , a Term in law , when the Defendant offers to justifie an exception pleaded in abatement of the Plaintiffs act . Avernus , a Lake in Campania near Baiae , whose vapours were so deadly , that birds were kill'd as they flew over , which made the ancients think it to be a descent into Hell. Averpenny , money contributed towards the Kings Averages . Averruncation , ( Lat. ) a Term in Husbandry , it being a lopping off of superfluous branches . Averrun●us , a certain God among the Romans , who was said to avert all evils , as Hercules among the Greeks , was called Alexicacus . Aversion , ( Lat. ) a secret hatred without any apparent reason , it may be taken in the same sence as Antipathy . Artamenes , also a turning away . Aufidena , a Citie of Italy among the Caraceni , which is yet standing . Augeas , King of Elis , the son of Sol and Nauphridame , he had a stable which held 3000 Oxen , which Hercules cleansed by bringing in the River Alpheus , but being denied his pay , he killed Augeas , and made his son Phileus King. Augmentation , ( Lat. ) an increasing , the Court of augmentation , was a Court erected by Henry the eighth , for the increase of the Revenues of the Crown , by the suppression of Abbies and religious houses . Augre , a Carpenters tool , a wimble . Augrim , the same as Algorithme , skill in numbring . Augrimstones , stones to cast account with . Augurie , ( Lat. ) South-saying , Divination by the voices , or flying of birds . Augures-staff , a certain wand , which the Augures used to hold in their hand , when they made their divinations . August , Royal , Majestical , Illustrious , from Octavius Augustus , ●he second Roman Emperour , after whom 〈◊〉 the succeeding Roman Emperours , were honoured with that Title , also the name of the sixth moneth from March , otherwise called Sextilis . Augustal's , ( Lat. ) feasts kept in honour of Augustus . Augustan Confession , ( Lat. ) the confession of faith made by the Protestants at Auspurgg in Germany , in the year 1530. Augustin , or Austin , the name of one of the fathers , who was Bishop of Hippo , also a proper name of divers men from Augustus , i. Majestical . Augustin , or Austin Fryers , an Order of Fryers , of the institution of St. Austin . Augu●tinians , a Sect of Hereticks , otherwise called Sacramentaries , who hold that Heaven Gates are not opened till the general Resurrection , they were instituted by Andreas Car●lostadius , in the year 1524. afterwards confirmed by Augustin a Bohemian . Aviary , ( Lat. ) a great Cage , or place where birds are kept . Avice , a womans name , in Latin Hawisia , or Helwisa , contracted from Hildevig , signifying in Saxon , Lady Defence . Avidity , ( Lat. ) covetousnesse , greedinesse of gain . Aniso , ( Spanish ) an advertisement , or advice . Aulick , ( Lat. ) belonging to the Court. Aulis , a Haven in Boeotia , where the Grecian Princes met , and joyned forces to go to the siege of Troy. Aulnegeor , ( French ) an Officer of the King , who looks to the Assize of Woollen Cloath , made throughout the land , and hath two Seals ordained him for that purpose . Aumener , ( old word ) a Cupboard . Aumer , ( old word ) Amber . Auncient demeasn , a Term in Common-law , signifying a publick Tribute by a Tenure , whereby all Mannours belonging to the Crown , in the dayes of Edgar , or Saint Edward did hold . Auntreth , ( old word ) maketh adventure . Avocation , ( Lat. ) a calling away . Avoirdupois , see Averdupois . Avouch , ( French ) to maintain , to justifie . Avowable , justifiable . Avowry , a Term in law , when one takes a distresse for Rent , and he , who is distrained sues a Replevy , now he that took the distresse justifying the act , is said to avow . Aurea Chers●nesus , a Peninsula of India , by some called Melepa , by others Japan . Aureat , ( lat . ) Golden . Aurelia , a Citie of Gallia Celtica , so called from Aurelius the Emperour , now called Orleance , it is scituate upon the bank of the River Loir . Aurenches , the name of an ancient family , who were heretofore Barons of Folkstone in Kent , they are stiled in Latin , Recordes de Abrincis . Auricular , ( lat . ) belonging to the ear , whence Auricular confession . Auriferous , ( lat . ) Gold-bearing , an Epithet belonging to the River Tagus . Auriflamb , the holy Standard of France , which used to be born in the Wars against Infidels , having on the top a purple Ensign , it was lost in a battle against the Flemings . Auriga , a Constellation in the firmament upon the Horns of Taurus . Aurigation ▪ ( lat . ) the guiding of a Chariot , or Coach. Aurigia , a Town of Hispania Boetica , now called Arion . Aurigraphy , ( Greek ) a writing in Gold. Aurney , or Aurigney , contracted from Alderney , an Island in the Brittish Sea , anciently called Arica . Aurora , the daughter of Hyperion and Thea , mother of Lucifer and the windes , she snatch't away Tithonus , the brother of Laomedon , whom , when he was old , she restored to youth by the virtue of Herbs , and had Memnon by him . Aurum potabile , Gold made liquid , and Medicinable . Auscultation , ( lat . ) a hearkning unto , or obeying . Auses , a people of Africa , among whom the Virgins used to combat in honour of Minerva , those that were killed were accounted no maids , and she that fought most valiantly was carried in a Triumphant Chariot , about the River Tritonis . Ausones , a very ancient people of Italy , Neighbours to the Osci and Cir●eii , being that part where now stands Beneventum , they were so called from Auson , the son of Vlysses and Capso , who built Arunca thereabouts . Auspical , ( lat . ) belonging to Sooth-saying . Auspitious , ( lat . ) lucky , happy , from Auspices Sooth-sayers . Austere , ( lat . ) sour , crabbed , stern . Austral , ( lat . ) Southern . Austrasia , that part which contains Brabant and Lorrain , it was anciently reckoned a part of France , and was a Kingdom of it self , having Mets for its chief seat , there being anciently in France four Kingdoms , Austrasie , Soissons , Orleans , and Paris . Austria , a part of Germany by Danubius , anciently called the upper ●annonia , in this Countrey is seated the imperial Citie of Vi●enna . Austromancy , ( Greek ) a kinde of divination by observing the South-winde . Authentick , ( Greek ) allowed , approved by good Authors . Autoleon , a Captain of the Crotoniates , making war against the Lo●ri , who alwayes left a room void for Ajax , as if he had been present himself , but Antoleon breaking into the empty place , was wounded by Ajax his Ghost . Autoli●us , the son of Mercury and Telauge , the daughter of Lucifer , he received this gift from his father , that whatsoever he stole he might change it into what form soever he would to keep himself from being deprehended , he ravish't Anticlia , the daughter of Sisyphus , who being with childe was given to Laertes , and brought forth Vlisses . Autology , ( Greek ) a speaking of , or to ones self . Autogeneal , ( Greek ) self-begotten . Autocrasie , ( Greek ) self-subsistence . Automatous , ( Greek ) having a motion within it self . Antonoe , the daughter of Cadmus , King of Thebes and Hermione , she was married to Aristeus , and brought forth Actaeon . Autonomy , ( Greek ) a living after ones own law . Autoptical , ( Greek ) self beholding . Autremite , another attire , a word used by Chaucer . Autumnal , ( Lat. ) belonging to Autumne , one of the four quarters of the year . Auturgie , ( Greek ) a self-working . Avulsion , ( Lat. ) a pulling away from . Aux , ( a Term in Astronomy ) the same as Absis , see Absis . A●xiliary , ( Lat. ) aiding , or assisting , as auxiliary forces were such as were sent the Romans from other Countreys , their confederates , and ally's . A●xilium ad filium militem faciendum , &c. a Writ directed to the Sheriffe of every County , where the King , or other Lord hath Tenants , to leavy of them reasonable aid toward the Knighting of his eldest son , or marrying of his eldest daughter . Award , judgement , arbitration . Awaite , a watching circumspection , also a tarrying . Awaites , ambushments . Awdley end , the name of a stately house in Essex , once an Abby , afterwards the dwelling house of the Aldethelighe's , or Awdly's , an ancient family , it is now in the possession of the Earles of Suffolk . Awhaped , ( old word ) amazed . Awhere , ( old word ) desire . Awning , a sayl made of Canvasse , which is spread over the ship above the deck to keep away the sun . Awreketh , ( old word ) revengeth . Axillary , ( Lat. ) belonging to the arm pit . Axinomancy , ( Greek ) a divination by hatchets . Axiome , ( Greek ) a position in a sentence , a maxim in any art . Axicle , ( Latin ) a little board , lath , or shingle . Axis , ( Lat. ) an Axel-tree , the Diameter of the world . Axminster , or Axanminster , a Town in Cornwall , famous for the Tombs of the Saxon Princes , slain at the battle of Brunaburg . Ay , ( old word ) an Egg. Ayde , the same as aid , help , succour , also a Term in law , signifying a subsidy , lone , or tax due from subjects to their Soveraign , or from Tenants to their Landlord . Aye , ( old word ) for ever . Azamoglans , those that are destined to be Janizary's are so called , before they are inrolled in pay . Azebone , ( Arab. ) a Term in Astrology , the head of the 16th . mansion . Azimeck , ( Arab. ) the starre , called the Virgins spike . Azemen , degrees in Astronomy , are those degrees , which , when the native is infected with any inseparable disease , as blindnesse , dumnesse , &c. or defective in any member , are supposed to ascend at his birth . Azimuth , a Term in Astronomy , the Azimuth Circles are those , which meet in the vertical point , and passe through all the degrees of the Horizon . Azure , a sky-colour , a light blue , it is most properly termed Azure in blazon , or Heraldry . Azyme , ( Greek ) unleavened , unmingled . Azymes , a solemne feast kept for seven dayes , wherein it was not lawfull to eat leavened bread . B BAal , an Assyrian word , signifying Jupiter , or Lord. Ba●el , or Babylon , so called from the confusion of languages , which was there caused , it was anciently the chief seat of the Assyrian Monarchs , being built by Nimrod , and afterwards walled by Semiramis , it is now called Bagadeth , or Bagda . Bablac , a Town in Oxfordshire , situate upon the River Isis , where Sir R. Vere , Earle of Oxford , Marquesse of Dublin , and Duke of Ireland , being in great favour and Authority with King Richard the second , was defeated by the Nobles , forced to swim over the River , and to fly his Countrey . Babys , the brother of Marsyas , he committing the like insolency as his brother , was also to have been flead by Apollo , but that he was saved at the intercession of Pallas . Bacchanals , the feast of Bacchus . Baccharach , or Bachrag wines are those , which we call Rhenish wines , from Baccharag , a Citie situate upon the Rhine Bacchus , the inventour of wine , he was the son of Jupiter and Semele , who desiring to lye with Jupiter in all his glory was burnt up with Thunder , and Bacchus being cut out of her Womb , was inserted into Jupiter's Thigh , untill the birth were mature , he is also called Dionysius , Liber Pater , and Osiris . Bacciferous , ( Lat. ) bearing Berries . Bacheler , ( French ) an unmarried man , also a Bacheler of a Company , a Bacheler of Arts , is he , who takes the first degree in the profession of any Art , or Science , the second being licenciate , and the last Doctor , A Bacheler Knight , vide Knight . Backberond , ( Saxon ) a Term in Common-law , signifying a Thief that is taken with the manner , ( being followed with huy and cry ) with those things he hath stollen , whether it be money , or any thing else , it is by some taken for an offender against Vert , or Venison in the Forrest . Bactriana , a Provice of Scythia , beyond Assyria . Badbury , a Town in Dorsetshire , where King Edward the Elder put to flight his Cozin Aethelwald , who had conspired with the Danes against him . Badge , the same as Armes , or Cognisance . Badger , a Carrier of Corn , or like provision from one place , to transport it to another . Badinage , ( French ) foolery , buffonry . Badonicus , the ancient name of a Hill in Sommersetshire , now called Bannesdown-hill , where King Arthur defeated the English Saxons in a great battail . Boetica , a part of Spain , formerly so called from the River Boetis , now called Gnadalquivir . Bagatel , ( French ) a toy , a trifle . Baggeth , ( old word ) disdaineth . Baile , ( French ) a Term in Common-law , signifying the taking charge of one arrested upon action , either Civil , or Criminal , under surety taken for his appearance at a day , and place certainly assigned . See Main-prize . Baily , or Bailiffe , ( French ) a Magistrate appointed , within a Province , or praecinct , to execute Justice , to maintain the peace , and to preserve the people from wrongs and vexations , and is principal Deputy to the King , or Supream Lord , also the Officers of each hundred , and of Towns Corporate are called Bayliffs , there are also Bayliffs of husbandry belonging to private men , who are Lords of Mannours . Bailywick , the Jurisdiction of a Baily . Bain , ( French ) a bath , or hot house . Bainards Castle , a house in London , belonging at this day to the Earles of Pembrock , it was so called from William Bainard , Lord of Dunmow , whose possession formerly it was . Baisemaines , ( Fr. ) kissing of the hands , Complementing . Baiton Kaiton , the belly of the Whale , an Arabick word . Baize , a fine sort of Freeze , from Baii , a Citie of Naples , where it was first made . Balade , ( French ) a Ballet , or roundelay , also a Dance . Balasse , a Saxon word , signifying Gravel , laid in the bottom of a ship , to keep it upright . Balatron , ( Ital. ) a babler , a prating knave . Balcone , ( Ital. ) a bay-window . Baldwin , ( Germ. ) a proper name , signifying bold victor , and answering to the Greek Thrasyn●achus . Bale , ( French ) a pack of Merchants wares . Balefull , sorrowfull , woefull . Balk , ( Dutch ) a ridge between two furrows . Ball , ( French ) a dancing meeting . Balladin , ( French ) a dancer of Galliards . A Ballance , ( French ) a pair of Scales . Ballast , see Balasse . Balliol Colledge , a Colledge in the University of Oxford , built by John Balliol of Bernards Castle , in the Bishoprick of Durham , and father of Balliol , King of Scots . Ballist , ( Lat. ) an Engin to cast , or shoot stones . Ballon , ( French ) a Term in Architecture , signifying the round Globe of a Pillar , also a great Ball. Ballotation , a kind of casting lots , or making election by Balls . Ballustrad , a Term in Architecture , signifying a jutting out of a window , or portal . Balm , the juyce , or Oyl of a certain plant growing in Judaea , otherwise called Balsamum , or Opobalsamum . Balmerinoch , an Abby in Fife , a County of Scotland , built by Queen Ermengard wife to King William . Balneary , ( Lat. ) a bathing place . Balthasar , an Hebr. word , signifying without treasure , it was the name of one of the wise-men , who came out of the East to worship our Saviour . See Sands his Travels 181. Baltia , an Island in the German Ocean , by Xenophon called Lampsacenus , now Scandia , or Scandinavia , from this Island the Baltick Sea derives its name , which Philemon calls Marimorusa , Hecataeus Amalchium . Bambalio , a faint-hearted fellow . A Band , ( French ) a Company of foot Souldiers . Bandie , ( French ) to follow a faction . Banditi , ( Ital. ) out-laws from Bando , a Proclamation , because they are condemned by Proclamation , the Dutch call them Nightinghals , and Free-booters . Bandle , an Irish measure of two foot in length . A Bandog , a Mastive . Bandon , ( French ) free Licence , or liberty , also a company , or Sect. Bandore , ( Ital. ) a kinde of Musical instrument . Bane , poyson , destruction . Banes , ( French ) in Canon-law are Proclamations , but more especially taken for the publick proclaiming of Marriage in Churches . Bangle-ear'd , having hanging ears like a Spaniel . Bangue , a pleasant drink used in the Eastern Countreys . A Banker , one who in forreign Countreys delivers forreign money for his own Countreys Coyn. Bankrout , or Bankrupt , a decoctor , one that hath consumed his estate . Bannavenna , or Bennaventa , a Town in Northhamptonshire , anciently so called , now Wedon in the street , once the Royal seat of Wolpher , King of the Mercians , and by his daughter Werbury , a holy Virgin converted into a Monastery . Banner , ( French ) a Standard , or Ensign . Banneret , or Knight Banneret , vide Knight . Banneroll , ( French ) a little Flagge , or Streamer . Baptisme , ( Greek ) a Sacrament used in the Church , for the initation of children into the Christian Religion , it signifies a washing , or dipping in water . Baptist , ( Greek ) a proper name , first given to St. John , who was the first that baptized . Baptistery , ( Greek ) a Vessel to wash in , a Font to baptize in . Barbara , the name of a holy woman , martyred under the Emperour Maximian , the word signifieth in Latin , strange , or unknown . Barbaria , the chief part of Africk , which is divided into four Kingdomes , Morocco , Fesse , Telessina , and Tunis . Barbarisme , ( Greek ) a rudenesse of behaviour , a clownish pronunciation of words . Barbe , a mask , or visard . Barbel , a kinde of fish , a little Sammon . Barbican , ( French ) a Term in architecture , and fortification , an out-work in a building , a bulwark , a watch Towr . Barbitist , a Lutinist . Barce , the chief Citie of Lybia . Bards , the ancient Poets among the Brittains , and the Gaules , Bardes also , or barbes , signifie the trappings , or caparisons of horses . Bardulph , ( Germ. ) from Bertulph . Bargaret , ( old word ) a Sonnet , or Ballet . Barkary , a tan house , or house where they put barks of Trees . Bark , the Forresters say a Fox barketh . Bark-fat , a Tanners tub . Bark-man , a Boat-man , from Bark , a little ship , or boat . Barm , yest , the flowring , or over-decking of Beer , also a lap . Barm-cloath , an Apron , Chaucer . Barn , or Bern , a Northern word , signifying a childe . Barnabas , the proper name of a man , signifying in Hebrew a son of comfort . Baroco , a Term in Logick , being one of the moods of the second figure of a Syllogisme , wherein the first proposition is a universal affirmative , the two second particular Negatives . Baron , ( French ) a title of Honour , as much as Lord , Barons are of three sorts . First , by Dominion and Jurisdiction , Barons of the King , whose Baronies were Capitales . Secondly , Barons of the subjects holding not of the King , but by mes●alty . Thirdly , Lords of Mannours . 〈◊〉 , a tax , or subsidy of aide , to be levied for the King ou● of the Precincts of Baronies . Barre , a Term in Common-law , is , when the Defendant in any action pleadeth a Plea , which is a sufficient answer ; also place where causes are pleaded , also a Term in Blazo● , being composed of two equidistant lines drawn overthwart the Escutcheon , and differeth from the Fesse , in that it is not confined to the Fesse-point . Barfee , a fee of twenty pence , which every Prisoner acquitted of Felony payeth to the Goaler . Barratour , ( French ) a Term in Common-law , signifying a common wrangler , one that setteth men at variance , causing them to implead one another at the Barre of Justice . Barren signes are Libra , Leo , Virgo . Barricado , ( Spanish ) a defence against an enemies assault , made of empty barrels fill'd with earth . Barriers , ( French ) a certain martial exercise ( in Latin called palaestra ) of armed men fighting with short swords , within certain limits , or lists which sever them from the spectators . Barrister , a pleader at the Barre● , those who after seven years study of the Law are admitted to plead ; and stand without the Barre , are called utter Barristers , but a Serjeant , or Princes Attorny , or any of the King● Councel , are admitted to plead within the Bar , and are called inner-Barristers . Barsalona , or Barcellona , anciently called Barcino , or Colonia Faventia , the chief Citie of Catalonia in Spain . Barter , from the Latin word vertere , to truck , or change . Bartholomew , ( Hebr. ) a proper name , signifying the son of him that maketh the waters to mount . Bart●● , a place to keep Poultry in , from the Dutch word baert to bring forth , and Ho●n a H●n . Bar●let , a Term in Heraldry , the fourth part of a Bar. 〈◊〉 , ( Spanish ) the language of a Countrey of Spain , called Bi●cay . Base , the bottom , or foundation of any thing , also the foot of a pillar , also the deepest part in Musick , being the foundation of the rest , also a kinde of fish , called a Sea-wolf . Base-Court , a Term in Law , any Court that is not of Record , as Court-Baron . Base estate , or base fee , is a holding at the will of the Lord. Baselards , ( old word ) Daggers , Wood-knives . Basil , an Herb so called , o● a very fragrant smell , also a proper name signifying Royal , or Kingly . Basilical , ( Greek ) Royal , Magnificent . Basilick vain , see vein . Basilisk , ( Greek ) a kinde of a Serpent , called a Cockatrice , also a long piece of Ordnance , called in Italian Basilisco , also a star , called the Lions heart . Basinet , a little basin . Basis , see Base . Baskervil , the name of a very eminent family , descended from a Niece of Gunora , that famous Norman Lady , they had their ancient seat at Erdsley , a Town in Herefordshire . Bassa , a Commander over Souldiers among the Turks . Bastard , signifies in the Common-law , one begotten out of Wedlock . Bastardise , to corrupt , to adulterate , to change out of its own kinde into a worse . Bastile , or Bastillion , ( French ) a fortresse , or fortification , the chief fortresse of Paris , is called la Bastile , being also the chief prison of the Kingdom of France . Bastinado , ( Spanish ) a banging with a Cudgel . Bastion , ( French ) a Skonce , or Block-house , called also a Cullion head . Baston , ( French ) a Bat , or Cudgel , it signifieth also in the Statute Law , one of the servants , or Officers , to the Warden of the Fleet , that attendeth the Kings Court , for the taking of such men to Ward , as are committed by the Court. Bastonado , see Bastinado . Batavia , a part of lower Germany , scituate upon the River Rhene , called Holland . Bath , a famous Citie in Sommersetshire , so called from the hot Baths of Medicinal waters , which are there by Antoninus called Aquae solis , by Ptolomy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , some report them to have been found out by Bleyden a Magician , others by Julius Caesar , others by an ancient Brittish King. Battail-field , a place near Shrewsbury , so called from the great battail fought there between King Henry the fourth , and Edmund Mortimer , Earle of March , where Sir Henry Piercy , called Hotsspur was slain . Battalion , ( French ) the main battle of an Army . Battle-bridge , a place in York-shire , otherwise called Stanford-bridge , where Harald King of England slew Harald Hardreak King of Norwey . Battlements , the Turrets of houses built flat . Batt●logy , ( Greek ) a vain repetition of words . Battus , a certain keeper of Mares , to whom Mercury delivered several Oxen , which he had stollen from Apollo , keeping Admetus his heards , and coming to him afterwards in another s●ape , he corrupted him with gifts to deliver the Oxen , but seeing his perfidiousnesse , he turned him into a stone , called Index . Batune , a Term in Heraldry , and seemeth to be the fourth part of a bend Sinister onely , it toucheth not the chief , nor the base point . Bavaria , a great Dukedom in Germany . Baubels , ( old word ) Jewels . Baucis , the wife of Philemon , who intertained Jupiter and Mercury . See Philemon . Baud , a brave , a Ruffian , from the French word Ribaud . Baudkin , a kinde of tinsel , or stuff that glisters like sparkles . Baudon , custody , a word used by Chaucer . Baudrick , furniture , also a sword-girdle , also an old fashion'd Jewel . Baulk , ( old word ) to crosse . Baulm , a certain Herb called Beewort . Bawsin , ( old word ) bigge , grosse . Bay , a stop for water , a road for ships , also a brown red colour , being the colour of the Palm-tree , Chaucer also useth it for a stake . Bay-window , a window that boundeth out in a round form . B E Beacon , from the Dutch word Bekennen to give notice , a light fastened upon a high pole to give warning of an enemies approach . Beaconage , money paid for the maintaining of Beacons . Beads , from the Dutch word beden to pray , a certain number of prayers , at the end of which it is the custome to drop a bead . Beadle , ( from the Dutch word Bedel , a Cryer ) one that waites upon a Magistrate with a white wand to make any Summons , an Officer , especially belonging to a University , also an Officer of the Forrest , that makes all manner of garnishments for the Court of the Forrest , and makes all manner of Proclamations , as well within the Court of the Forrest as without . A Beadroll , ( Saxon ) a list of such as Priests use to pray for in the Church . Beakehead , in Navigation , is that which is fastened to the stem of the ship , and is supported with a knee which is fastened into the stem . Beam , in hunting , is that whereon the starts of a Stags head grow . Bearesfoot , an Herb otherwise called Brank Ursin , or Beares claw . Bearers , a term in Law signifying maintainers or abettors ; also a term in Heraldry , signifying those that have coat-armours , distinguisht from others by tincture and differences . Bear in , is when a ship sailes before , or with a large wind into a harbour , or channel , she is said to bear in with the harbour or channel . Bear off , when a ship goes more room than her course doth lie , she is said to bear off from the land . Beasel or collet of a ring , that wherein the stone is inchac't . Beastail , ( French ) all manner of cattel or beasts , as oxen , sheep , &c. Beate , a term in hunting , a hare or cony when they make a noise , are said to beat or tapp . Beatitude , ( Lat. ) blessednesse , happinesse . Beatrix , ( Lat. ) a womans name , she that makes happy . Beavis , the proper name of a man , contracted from Bellovesus . Beauchamp , a name of great honour and eminency from the time of King Henry the second , especially since Cicily de Fortibus descended from the Earles de Ferrariis matcht into their Family of this name were anciently the Earles of Warwick , the Barons of Kidderminster , and of Powick . Of late ages , the Title of Vicount Beauchamp , hath been conferred upon the Family of Seimours . In old Records it is written de Bello Campo . Beaumont , the name of one of the greatest Families of the Nation , descended from John County of Brene in France , who for his valour was preferred to the kingdom of Jerusalem . Beaupleading , a term in Law , fair pleading . Beau Sir , fair sir , a word used by Chaucer . Bec , a Phrygian word , signifying bread , which was the first word pronounced by certain children , whom Psammeticus the Egyptian King caused to be brought up in a forrest , by which he concluded the Phrygians to be the most ancient people . Becebick , medicaments , such as are composed for the asswaging of a cough , as Lozenges , Licorice , Pills , &c. Becomingnesse , neatnesse , handsomenesse , Artamenes . Bede , the name of a learned English Monk , who lived near Newcastle upon Tine ; he had the title given him of venerable Bede , as well in his life time , as since his death . Beddeth , ( a term in hunting ) applied to a Roe when it lies down in any place . Bedellium , a kind of gum . Bedlem , or Bethlem , ( an Hebr. word , signifying a house of bread ) a place where mad people are kept . Bedoheer , ( Sax. ) a bedfellow . Beemot , the flat key in musick . Beesom , a broom . Beestings , quasi breasting , the first milk after birth . Be et , a certain Garden herb . Beglerbeg , a Supream Commander under the Great Turk : there are but two who have this command , the one is called Beglerbeg of Greece , the other of Natolia . Beguines , an order of Religious women who are all old . Behight , ( old word ) promised . Beknew , ( old word ) learnt out . Behiram , a Feast among the Turks , where they use to pardon all injuries . Belamy , ( French ) fair friend . Belchier , ( French ) good countenance . Belchose , ( French ) fair thing . Beleagre , to besiege , from the Dutch Belegren , to sit near . Belgia , the Country of the Belgae , or Low-countrymen , lying between the River Sequana , and the Rhene . It is divided into 17 Provinces , also the people anciently inhabiting that part of England now called Sommersetshire , Hantshire , and Wiltshire , were called Belgae , in regard they came thither originally out of Gallia Belgica . Belides , the fifty daughters of Danaus , who married the fifty sons of Aegyptus , who all killed their husbands except one . Belizarius , Captain of the Emperour Justinians armies , who overthrew the Persians in the East , the Vandals in Africa , the Goths in Italy , and at last had his eyes put out by Justinian , and was forc't to beg his bread in a poor cottage . Bell , in the Chaldaean language signifies the Sun who was worshipped under that name by the Caldaeans and Assyrians . Bellatrice , ( Lat. ) a woman warriour . Bellatrix , the left shoulder of Orion . Bellerophon , the son of Glaucus King of Epire , against whom Sthenobaea the wife of Praetus King of Argos conspired , because he refused her inticements ; but he having overcome all difficulties , was commanded at last to kill the Chimaera , which he did with the help of Neptune , who sent him a flying horse called pegasus , which was afterwards plac't among the celestial Signs . Belleth , a term in hunting , as when the Forresters say , a Roe Belleth . Bellipotent , ( Lat. ) strong in armes , powerful in war. Belligeration , ( Lat. ) a waging war. Bellona , who is also called Enyo , the Goddesse of War , and sister of Mars , some think her to be the same with Minerva . Bellow , the Foresters apply this word to the Hart , and say , the Hart belloweth . Belluine , ( Lat. ) pertaining to beasts , of a cruel bestial disposition . Bel-vedere , ( Ital. ) pleasant to behold , the name of the Popes Palace in Rome . Belus , the second , or , as some say , the first King of Assyria , who when he died , was worshipped as a god . Also the son of Epaphus and Lybia , was called Belus Priscus , who married Isis , and had two sons , Aegyptus and Danaus , Belus hath also been taken for Jupiter , as Nimrod for Saturn . Belzebub , an Hebrew word , signifying the god of flyes , and is used in Scripture for the prince of the Devils . Bement , ( old word ) lamented . Bemes , ( old word ) trumpets . Benacus , a lake in Lombardy , which is said to have golden sands . Benan , a Star in the taile of Helme . Bend , used by Chaucer for a muffler , a caul , a kercher . Also a term in Heraldry , being an ordinary extended between two opposite points of the Escutcheon : viz. the dexter chief , and the sinister base . Bendlet , is also a term in Heraldry , being a subdivision of the bend . Benedictines , certain religious Monks instituted by St. Benedict . Benefice , ( Lat. ) a spiritual promotion . Benes , ( old word ) bones . Benefactour , ( Lat. ) a doer of good turnes . Benet , the proper name of a man , contracted from Benedictus . Beneplacitie , ( Lat. ) a well pleasing . Benevolence , ( Lat. ) good will. Benevolent Planets , are Jupiter and Venus . Benjamin , an Hebr. name , the son of the right hand , as also a gum . Benigne , ( Lat. ) favourable . Benimmeth , ( old word ) bereaveth . Benisons , ( French ) blessings . Bennavenna , see Bannavenna . Benoni , an Hebr. name , signifying the son of sorrow . Bereft , ( old word ) deprived of . Berenice , the daughter of Ptolemaeus Philadelphus and Arsinoe , whom Ptolemaeus Lagus her brother married . She when her husband made an Expedition , vowed to dedicate her hair to Venus if he returned safe , which afterwards not being to be found , Conon the Mathematician feigned to have been translated to heaven and plac't among the Stars . Beris , a high hill in America , on the top of which some hold that many people were saved in the great Deluge . Berkhamsted , a Town in Hertfortshire , where Frederick Abbot of St. Albans , ministered an oath to William the Conquerour , in presence of Arch-Bishop Lanfranc , to observe inviolably the ancient laws of this Nation . Bern , the chief City of Helvetia , or Swizzerland . Bernacles , a sort of birds which breed out of the rotten wood of trees growing by the sea side , especially in the North parts of Scotland , and the Islands thereabouts ; They are also called Claik-geese , and Soland-geese . Bernard , from the Dutch word Beornhart , i. e. beares heart , the proper name of a learned Monk of Burgundy , who entred into the Monastery of Cisteaux . Bernard Colledge , a Colledge in Oxford , re-edified by Sir Thomas White , Citizen of London , and called by a new name , Trinity Colledge , as Durham Colledge was repaired by Sir Thomas Pope , and dedicated to St. John Baptist. Bernardines , an Order of Monks , instituted by Robert , Abbot of the above-named Monastery , whereof St. Bernard was the chief : they were also called Cistertian Monks . Bernet , a Town in Hertfordshire , famous for the great battle fought between the two Houses of York and Lancaster , where Rich. Nevil Earle of Warick was slain . Berry , a Saxon word , signifying a dwelling house , a Lord of a Mannours seat . Berth , convenient room at sea to moor a ship in . Bertha , a womans name , signifying in the German tongue , bright or famous . Berthinsec , or Birdinsec , a law in Scotland , whereby a man cannot be hanged for stealing a sheep , or so much meat as he can carry upon his back in a sack , but onely scourged . Bertram , an herb called pellitory of Spain , also a proper name . See Ferdinando . Berubium , a Town in Strathnahern in Scotland , now called Vrehead . Besant , an ancient coin of Gold , otherwise called Bisantine , from Byzantium : i. e. Constantinople , where it used to be coined . It is uncertain what value it is of ; some attribute to it the value of a Ducket . It is also a term in Heraldry , by which they understand plates of Gold , containing 104 pound and two ounces of Troy weight , in value 3750 pound ster . They were round and smooth , without any representation on them . Besieging , is when a Planet is placed between the bodies of the two malevolents . Besestein , or Bisestano , the name of the chief Exchange or Market-place in Constantinople . Besyen , trouble . Bet , ( old word ) better , also quickly . Bete , ( old word ) help , boot . Beten , ( old word ) to kindle . Bethlem , see Bedlem . Betle , or Betre , a kind of Indian plant , called Bastard-pepper . Betonie , a medicinal plant , so called , having many soveraign vertues . Betrassed , ( old word ) deceaved . Betreint , ( old word ) sprinkled . Betroth , from the Dutch word Betrouwen , to make sure , to promise one in marriage . Beverage , ( French ) a mingled drink . Bevy , a troop , a company . The Forresters say , a Bevy of Roes . Bewreck , ( old word ) revenged . Bewryen , ( old word ) bewray'd . Bezill , see Beasel . Bezoar , a pretious stone , bred in the maw of a Goat . B I Bialacoyl , ( old word ) fair welcoming . Biace , or Bias , ( French ) that which makes the boule to run obliquely . Bibacity , ( Lat. ) the immoderate love of drink . Bibliopolist , ( Greek ) a Book-seller . Bibliotheque , ( Greek ) a study of books , a library . Bice , a certain blue colour used by Painters . Bid , a boon , ( old word ) to desire a request . Bid-ale , the setting up of one decayed in his estate , by the liberality of friends invited or bid to a Feast . Bicipital , ( Lat. ) having two heads . Bicorp●real , signes are those signes which represent two bodies , or double bodied , as Gemini and Pisces . Biennial , ( Lat. ) of two years continuance . Bifarious , ( Lat. ) twofold , or that may be taken two wayes . Biformed , ( Lat. ) having two shapes . Bifront , ( Lat. ) having two foreheads . Bifur●ous , ( Lat. ) twoforked . Bigamy , ( Greek ) the marriage of two wives at the same time , which according to Common law , hinders a man from taking holy Orders , or one that is a prisoner from having the benefit of his Clergy . Bigat , a certain silver coin among the Romans , from Bigia , a chariot drawn with two horses , which was stamped upon it . Bigot , ( French ) a scrupulous superstitious fellow , Bilanciis deferendis , a writ directed to a Corporation for the carrying of weights to a Haven to weigh the wools that are licenc't to be transported . By-laws , Orders made in Court leets , or Court barons , by common assent , farther than the publick law binds . In Scotland they are called Birlaw , or Burlaw . Bilbilis , an ancient City of Hispania Tarraconensis famous for the birth of Martial the Latin Poet , now called by some Calatayn'd . Bilboa , or Bilbo , a City of Biscay in Spain , where the best blades are made . The Bildge , or Buldge of a ship , is the breadth of the flooce whereon the ship doth rest when she is a ground . Bilinguis , ( Lat. ) double-tongued ; also a Common law term , signifying the jury that passeth between an Englishman and Alien , whereof part are English , and part Strangers . Binarie , ( Lat. ) the number of two . Binarchy , ( Greek ) a government , where two onely bear sway . Bindeweed , a certain herb , otherwise called With-wind . Binne , ( old word ) a manger , also a place to put bread in . Bint , ( old word ) bound . Bipartite , ( Lat. ) divided into two parts . Bipatent , ( Lat. ) open on both sides . Bipedal , ( Lat. ) two-foot long . Biquintile , is an Aspect consisting of 141 degrees , thus C●aractered Bq. Brigandes , a kinde of wilde Goose. Birlet , ( old word ) a Coife , or Hood . Bisexons , ( Lat. ) of both Sexes . Bismare , ( old word ) curiosity . Bison , ( French ) a wilde one , great-eyed , and broad-fac't . Bisque , a fault at Tennis , also a compound dish . Bissextile , Leap-year , which is every fourth year , wherein one day more then ordinary is added to February , having commonly but 28 dayes , and that odd day they call dies Intercalaris . Bisumbres , see Amphiscii . Biton , and Cleobis , the two sons of Argia the Priestesse , who for want of horses drew their Mothers Chariot to the Temple themselves , whereupon their Mother requesting of the Gods a reward agreeable to their piety , they were both found dead the next morning . Bitressed , see Betrassed . Bittazle , a close Cubbard , placed on the steerage before the tiller , whereon the Compasse doth stand . Bits , two square pieces of Timber , commonly placed abast the manger , in the loof of the ship . Bittour , a bird so called , a kinde of Heron , which they say hath three stones . Bitume , a kinde of slimy clay , almost of the nature of brimstone , or pitch , also a kinde of liquor flowing out of mare mortuum that burns like Oyl . Bituriges , a certain people of Gallia aquitanica , whose Countrey is now called Berry , and their chief Citie Bourges . Bizantin , see Besant . B L Black book of the Exchequer , a book which treateth of all the ancient Ordnances , and Orders of the Exchequer . Blacklow , a Hill in Warwick-shire , upon which Pierce Gaveston , whom King Edward the second raised from a base Estate to be Earle of Cornwall was beheaded by the Nobles for his insolencie . Blackmore Forrest , a Forrest in Dorcetshire , called also the Forrest of Whitehart from a very beautifull Whitehart , which King Henry the third , going thither a hunting , and taking great care to spare , was killed by T. de la Linde , which so incensed the King , that he set a perpetual Fine upon the Land , which at this day is called Whitehart silver . Black-rod , the Usher belonging to the Order of the Garter , so called from the Black-rod he carrieth in his hand , he is also of the Kings Chamber , and of the Lords House in Parliament . Black buried , gone to Hell. A Blain , a blister . Blanch , ( French ) white , also the proper name of a woman , frequent in England . Blandiloquence , ( Lat. ) a flattring , or speaking fair . Blandishment , ( French ) a flattring , or soothing with fair speeches . Blankers , white furniture . Blankmanger , ( French ) a kinde of delicious meat made of Rice , Almond milk , Capons brains , and other things . Blasco , an Island in the mouth of the River Rhene , now called Languillade . Blase , ( Greek Blasios ) a proper name , signifying sprouting forth . Blatant , barking , bawling . Blateration , ( Lat. ) vain-babling . Blaze , ( Dutch ) to spread abroad . Blazon , ( French ) the description of a Coat of Arms. Blay , or bleak , a kinde of fish of a whitish colour . Ble , ( old word ) sight , view . Bleach , to whiten , to dry in the sun . Blemishes , marks made by hunters , where the Deer hath gone . Blend , to mix , to mingle together . Blent , ( old word ) stayed , ceased , turn'd back . Blepharon , ( Greek ) he that hath great eye-brows . Blesiloquent , ( Lat. ) faltering in speech , stammering . Blue-bottle , a kinde of blue flowr , so called . Blue-mantle , the name of an Office belonging to one of the Pursevants of Arms. Blight , an Herb , called burnt-corn , or the black Chameleon Thistle . Blinkard , one that looks ask●w , or with distorted eyes . Blinks , ( a Term in hunting ) boughs rent from Trees , and cast overtwhart the way , where a Deer is likely to passe , thereby to hinder his running , they are called in French Brisees . Blissome , to tup as the Ram doth the Ewe . Blite , an Herb , so called . Blith , an old British word , that signifies yielding milk , profitable , also Blith , or Blithsome is used for pleasant , or jovial . Blive , ( old word ) readily , fast . Blo , ( old word ) blue . Blocks , in Navigation are those small woodden things , wherein the running ropes do run . Blomary , the first forge in an Iron-Mill , through which the Iron doth passe after : It is melted out of the Mine . Bloom , to blossome . Blote , to smoke , from the Dutch word , bloet , i. e. bloud . Bloudy-hand , see Dogdraw . Bloud-wit , an old Saxon word used in Charters of liberties anciently granted , signifying an Amerciament for shedding of bloud . Blunder , to keep a pudder , bestir ones self . Blyn , ( old word ) to cease . B O Boa , a kind of diseases incident to children , which fills them full of red pimples , which is called by Physicians Rubella , or the Measels . Boanerges , ( Hebr. ) sons of Thunder . Boas , a kinde of Serpent , which being nourish't with Cows milk , grow's to a monstrous greatnesse , in so much as one of them having been killed , there was found an Infant whole in its belly , Plin. Boatswain , a Term of Navigation , the Subpilot , he that swayeth , or governeth a boat , or ship , under the chief Pilot. Boccone , ( Ital. ) a morsel , or bit , also poyson . Bockland , a Term in Law , land held by book , or charter . Bodotria , or Bederia , the ancient name of a Town in Scotland , now called Edenburgh Frith , or the Forth , and Frith . Boeotia , a Countrey in Greece , formerly called Ogygia , and separated from Attica by the Hill Cytheron . Bohemia , a part of Germany beyond the Danow , whose chief Citie is Prague . Boistous , ( old word ) halting , lame , lowly . Bole-armoniack , a kind of earth , or soft crumbling-stone , which is found in a part of Armenia , used by Painters to make a kinde of faint red colour . Boline , a Term in Navigation , signifying the Coard in a ship , with which Mariners use to draw the sayl , that it may gather winde . Bollen , ( old word ) swelled . Bollingbroke , a Castle in Lincoln-shire , famous for being the birth-place of King Henry the fourth , who was called Henry of Bolling-broke . Bolmong , a medley of several Granes together , it is also called Masselin , or Mong-corn . Boltsprit , a Term in Navigation , a mast at the head of a ship . Bombasine , a stuffe made of Bombast , or Cotton . Bombard , a kinde of Gunne , or piece of Ordnance . Bombilation , ( Lat. ) a humming of Bees . Bombycinous , made of silk , from the Latin word Bom●yx , i. e. silk . Bona Patria , a Term of the practick , or law in Scotland , & signifies the choosing of twelve men out of any part of the Countrey to passe upon Assise , who are called Jurators . Bonaght , a certain tax formerly exacted in Ireland , for the maintenance of the Knights , called Bonaghty . Bonair , see debonair . Bona , a womans name , signifying in Latin , good . Bonasus , a wilde beast , having the head of a bull , and the body of a horse . Bonaventure , ( Lat. ) good luck , the proper name of a famous holy Fryer of St. Francis Order , and of divers other Eminent men . Bonet , a kinde of a Cap. Bonewell , the name of a pretty Well , near Richards Castle in Hereford-shire , so called , because it is alwayes full of little fish bones , or as some think of small Frog bones , although they be from time to time quite drawn out of it . Bongrace , ( French ) good grace , handsome behaviour , also a kinde of covering for Childrens foreheads , to keep them from the heat of the Sun. Bonhommes , ( French ) an order of Fryers , instituted by St. Francis de Paula , they were also called Fryer Minims , or Minorites . Boniface , ( Lat. ) quasi well-doer , the proper name of several Popes , and divers other eminent men . Bonjour , a salutation used in French , being as much as good morrow with us . Bonito , a kinde of fish , so called from the French word , Bondir , to leap up . Bonium , the ancient name of the Monasterie of Bangor in Cheshire , where Pelagius the Heretick was brought up . Boodeth , ( old word ) sheweth . Boolie , ( old word ) beloved . Boon , ( old word ) a request . Boot of Bale , ( old word ) ease of sorrow's . Bootes , a North-star , near Charles wain , called also Bubulcus , or Arctophylax , which the Poets fain'd to have been Arcas the son of Calisto , who was changed into a Bear , and plac't also among the signs . Boracho , a Spanish word , signifying a bottle made of a Pigg's skin , with the hair inward dress't with rozen and Pitch . Borage , a kinde of Herb good for the heart , and to expel melancholy . Borax , or Borace , a hard , and shining mineral like green earth , wherewith Goldsmiths use to soder Gold or Silver . It is also called Chrysocolla . Borbonia , a Dukedome in France , which began from the line of Philip de Valois . Bordel , ( Ital. ) a Brothel-house . Bordlanders , the demesns that Lords keep in their hands for the maintenance of their bord or table . Borduce in Heraldry , is a circumference or tract of one mettal , colour or fur , drawn about the armes , and it contains the first part of the field , Boreas , the son of Astraeus , or as some say , of Strymon , he married Orithya the daughter of Erichthonius , King of Athens , and begate Zetes and Calais . It is also the name of the North wind . Borith , an herb which Fullers use for the taking of spots out of cloth . Born , ( old word ) to burnish . Borough , see Bourrough . Borrell , ( old word ) attire on the head . Borrow , ( old word ) a pledge , a surety . Borysthenes , the greatest River in Scythia , next to Ister . Boscage , a place set thick with trees , also a term in painting , a picture that represents much wood or trees . Bosenham or Boseham , a pleasant Town in Sussex , where K. Harald liv'd retired for his recreation , and lanching forth into the sea in a little Bark , he was carried by contrary winds into Normandy , where being detained , he assured the Kingdom of England to Duke William . Boss , ( French ) a stud or knob . Bosphorus , the name of two seas , so called from the passage of Jupiter over them in the shape of a Bull , when he stole away Europa , the one lieth near Constantinople , and is called Bosphorus Thracius , the other more northward , and is called Bosphorus Cimmerius . Botachidae , a place of Tegea in Arcadia , from Botachus the Nephew of Lycurgus . Botanicall , ( Greek ) belonging to herbs . Botargo , a kind of Saucedge , from the Greek word Oa Taricha , salted egges . Bothna , or Buthna , a term used in the practick of Scotland , signifying a Park where cattel are inclosed and fed . Botin , ( French ) a kind of boot or buskin . Botolph , a proper name , signifying in the Saxon tongue helpful . Bottom , ( old word ) a blossom or bud . Bovillae , a Town near Rome where Claudius was slain by Milo. Bovillon , ( French ) a kind of boiled meat , made of several ingredients . A Boulter , a seive to sift meal or flower . Boun , ( old word ) ready . Bourchier , contracted into Bowcer , the name of a very great and ancient Family of this Nation , stiled in Latin , Records de burgo Chara , whose chief seat in ancient times was Hausted , a Town in Essex . Bourd , ( French ) to jest . Bourges , ( French ) a free Denison . Bourn , ( Dutch ) a head of a Spring , or Fountain ; and those Towns that end in bourn , as Sittinbourn , &c. are situated upon Bourns or Springs . Bourrean , ( French ) an Executioner . Bourrough , from the Dutch word Burgh , a Town incorporate , which is not a City , whence Bourrough , or Bourgomaster , is the Bailiff , Maior , or Chief Ruler of a Town or Borrow . Bourrough English , or Burgh-English , a term in law , being a customary descent of land or tenements , to the youngest son or brother . A Bourser or Bouser , ( French ) a Purse-bearer or Treasurer of a Colledge . Boute-feu , ( French ) an incendiary , a sower of strife and sedition . A Bow , a Mathematical instrument to take heights . The Bow of a Ship , the fore part of it , so called from the form . A Bowge of Court , a livery of bread and drink , or other things of the Princes bounty over and above the ordinary allowance . To bowlt a Cony , ( term of hunting ) to start her out of any place where she lies . Boxa , a kind of drink made in Turky of a seed somewhat like mustard-seed . Boy , or Booy of an anchor ( Span. ) that which being tied to the Anchor swims uppon the water to give notice where the Anchor lies . B R Brabantia , the Dukedom of Brabant , which is parted from Flanders by the River Scheldt , it containes the Marchionate of the sacred Empire , the Dukedom of Ars●hot , the Earledomes of Hochstrat and Macklin . Braccata Gallia , that part of France wich is called Province . Brace , that which fastens beams in building , also a Cable of a ship , also a couple or pair , from the French brace , i. e. the armes . Brachy-graphy , ( Greek ) the Art of writing in Characters or short-writing . Brackmans or Bramans , a sect of Philosophers or Divines in India , who live onely upon herbs and fruits . Braggard or Braggadocio , a bragging vain-glorious fellow . Bragget , a drink made of honey , used in Wales , it is derived from two Welch words , Brag which signifies malt , and Gots a honey-comb ; it is also a word used in Architecture , signifying a stay cut out of stone or timber to bear up the Corbel . Braid Albin , otherwise called Albanie , the most Nothren Country of Scotland , commonly called the Highlands , the highest part whereof is likewise called Drum Albin , or Brun Albin . Brake , ( Dutch ) a snaffle for horses . Brancher , a young Hawk newly come out of the neast . Brankursin , see Bearesfoot . Brand-iron , a trevet , an iron to set a pot upon . Brandish , ( French ) to make to shine with a gentle moving . Branonium , the ancient name of Wigornia or the City of Worcester . Brant , a bird called a Bargander , or Soland-goose . Brassets , ( French ) armour for the armes . Brast , ( old word ) to break . Brat , ( old word ) a ragge . Bravado , ( Spanish ) a daring , a making shew of an onset . Bravery , a going fine in cloths , also a compleatnesse of behaviour . Cleopatra . Bravy , ( old word ) a reward . Brawders , engraven work , Brawl , a kind of dance , from the French word Bransler , to move gently up and down . Brayd , ( old word ) to break out . Brayed , awoke , arose , also took . Breck , ( old word ) a bruise . Brede , ( old word ) a bredth , also abroad . Bredgen , ( old word ) to abridge to shorten . Breez , a fresh gale or wind blowing off the sea by day . Breetch , ( a term in Gunnery ) the aftermost part of a gun . Breme , ( old word ) furiously , also a kind of fish so called . Brennus , a Captain of the Gaules who overthrew the Romans at the River Albia , and took Rome , but was beaten out by Camillus , afterwards he killed himself at Delphos . Brent , ( old word ) burnt . Breve , that which we call a writ , is called in the practick of Scotland , a Breve , the several formes whereof will be seen in their order . Breviary , a compendious collection , also a kind of Masse-book . Breviloquence , ( Lat. ) a short discourse , a speaking in brief . Brian , ( French ) a shrill voice . Briarius , one of the Centimani , and brother to Gyes and Caeus , they were all three the sons of Vranus and Terra , and were said each of them to have a hundred hands Bricolls , certain Engins used in old time to batter the walls of Towns or Castles . Bridgenorth , a Town in Shropshire , corruptedly so called , for Burgmorf , i. e. the Town near the Forrest of Morf ; it was built by Achelfleda , Lady of the Mercians , and walled by Robert de Belesm , Earle of Shrewsbury , who keeping the Town against King Henry the second , was there besieged and taken . A Brie , or Brieze , a kinde of fly , called a horse fly , or Gad-fly . A Brief , or Breve , or Writ , see Writ . Brigade , ( French ) a Term in Military Discipline , a body of Souldiers , consisting of three squadrons . Brigandine , ( French ) an ancient kinde of Armour , with many plates and joynts , like a Coat of Maile ( whence Brigand a foot Souldier so arm'd , or a high-way Robber ; ) it signifieth also a kind of ship , or Pinnace . Brigantes , the ancient name of those people that inhabited a great part of the North of England , as York-shire , Richmond-shire , the Bishoprickrick of Durham , Lancashire , Cumberland , and Westmorland . Brig-bote , or Brug-bote , ( Dutch ) a contribution made toward the mending of Bridges , also an exemption from that Tribute by a Charter from the King. Brigidians , an order of religious persons , instituted by a Princesse of Suetia , whose name was Brigidia , there was also an Irish woman famous for sanctity , who was called St. Brigit , or Bride . Brimstone , a certain Mineral , being the fat of the earth , decocted unto his hardnesse . Brionie , a plant , called otherwise white Vine . Briseis , the daughter of Brises , she fell to Achilles his share at the taking of Lyrnessus , and being afterwards taken from him by Agamemnon , was the cause of his defection from the Grecian Army for a great while . Britannia , the name of this whole Island , containing England and Scotland , it is so called from the ancient name Brith , i. painted and Tania , which among the old Greeks signified a Region . Bristow , the name of a pleasant Citie , standing partly in Sommerset-shire , partly in Gloster-shire , it is so called as it were Brightstow , which in the Saxon signifieth a bright , or shining place , in British it was called Caer Oder Nant Badon , i. e. the Citie Oder in the Vale of Badon , it was fortified by Robert Bishop of Constance , against King William Rufus , with a Wall , which this day is in part standing . Britomartis , a Cretan Nimph , the daughter of Jupiter and Charme , she was the first Inventour of hun●●ng Nets , being pursued by Minos , she to aviod him , threw her self into the Sea. Broach , a Term in hunting , the next start growing above the Beamantler in a Stagg's head . Brocado , ( Spanish ) a kinde of Cloath , wrought , or mixed with Gold , or Silver . Broccarii , a word used in the Scots practick , signifies in the Statutes of Gild. Mediatours in any transaction , or contract . Brochity , crookednesse , especially of teeth . Brocket , a red Deer of two years old , a spitter , or pricket . Brode-half-penny , a Toll , or Custome , for setting up boards , or Tables in a Market , or Fair. Brond , ( old word ) fury . Brontes , one of the Cyclops , the son of Coelus and Terra , and brother to Arpe and Strerope , they had each of them onely one eye , and that upon their forehead . Brooklime , an Herb so called . Brooming , a bringing of a ship aground to be trimmed , or made clean . Brotel , ( old word ) brickle . A Brouch , a Jewel . Brow-antler , a Term among hunters , the first start that grows next to the head of a stag , and next to that is the beam-antler . Browded , ( old word ) imbroidered . Browk , ( old word ) to injoy . Browse , to feed as beasts on shrubs , or roots of trees . Bruges , a famous Citie in Flanders , encompass't with a fair wall , and having above 60 Churches . Brumal , ( Lat. ) winterlike , belonging to the shortest day of winter . Brundusium , a Town in Italy , through which Caesar followed Pompey into Greece . Brusk , a Term used in Heraldry , signifying a kinde of tawney colour , otherwise called Tenne . Bryke , ( old word ) streight , narrow . Brymme , when a Boar desires copulation , he is said to go to the brymme . B U Buccinate , ( Lat. ) to blow a Trumpet . Bucentoro , a stately Gally , or great ship , wherein the Duke of Venice , and the Senate go yearly in Triumph , on Ascention day , to espouse the Sea. Bucephalus , the horse of Alexander the Great , he had the mark of a Bull 's head upon his shoulder , being killed in the battle , which Alexander fought against Porus , King of India , a Citie was built in the place where he was buried , called Bucephala . Bucheldians , a Sect of Hereticks , which are reckoned among the several sorts of Anabaptists . Buck , a Hare , or Cony , when they desire copulation are said to go to Buck. Buck-hurst , the title of a Barony , belonging to the Sackviles , afterwards Eearls of Dorset . Buckingham , the chief Towns in Buckinghamshire , so called from its fruitfulnesse in Beech-trees , which the Saxons called Bucken . Bucoliks , ( Greek ) pastoral songs . Buda , the chief Citie of Hungary , now called Offen , not farre from the Banks of Danubius . Budaris , a Citie of Germany , belonging to the Pals-grave , now called Heidelbergh . Budge , Lambs furre . Buffle , a wilde Oxe . Bulbous , ( Lat. ) Bulbous plants , are those that have round roots . Buffoon , ( French ) a Jester . Bulgaria , a countrey on this side Thrace . † Bulimy , ( Greek ) insatiable hunger . A Bull , a round Jewel , hollow within , also one of the Popes briefs or Mandates . Bullion mony , Gold , or Silver , in the Masse , or billet , also the place where such Gold , or Silver is brought to be tried and changed for the King. Bumbasin , see Bombasin . Bundles , a sort of Records of Chancery , lying in the Office of the Roll's , as the Files of Bills , and Answers in Chancery , the Files of Corpus cum causa , all Writs of Certiorare with their Certificates , and divers others . Buoy , see Boy . Buquan , a County in the South-part of Scotland , the people whereof were anciently called Taizoli . Burgedala , a famous Citie of France , now called Bourdeaux , where the Poet Ausonius was born . Burel , fine●glasse . Burford , a Town in Oxford-shire , where Cuthred King of the West-Saxons vanquish't Aethelbald , King of the Mercians , and won his Banner whereon was painted the Golden Dragon . Burgage , is a Tenure , whereby men of Cities and Borrows hold their Lands and Tenements of the King , and other Lords for a certain yearly Rent . Burganet , ( French ) a kinde of Helmet . Burgeon , or Bourgeon , to grow big about , or grosse . A Burgh , see Bourrough . Burgh-grave , a title of Honour in Germany , signifying a Count of a Castle , or Garrison . Burglary , ( French ) from Bourg , a Village and Larrecin theft , according to the acceptance of Common-law , is defined a felonious entring into another mans house , with an intent to steal somewhat , or to do some fellonious act . Burgundia , a Countrey of France , the people whereof were anciently called Sequani , and Hedui : It is now divided into lower Burgundie , which is called Burgundia Regia , or the County of Burgundie , and into upper Burgundy , which is called Burgundia Imperatoria , or the Dutchy of Burgundy . Burled , ( old word ) armed . Burlesque , ( French ) merry , drolish . Burlet , ( French ) a coife . Burly-brand , ( old word ) a great sword , great fury . Burnet , the name of a certain Herb , also a word used by Chauser , signifying woollen , also a hood , or attire for the head . Burnish , ( Ital. ) to make bright to polish , also a word used by hunters , when Harts spread their Horns after they are new rubbed . A Burnisher , a word used in graving , or etching , and signifieth a thing which they make use to smooth , & sweeten the work . Burshoulder , or Burrowholder , see Headborough . Buscum ducis , one of the chief Towns of Brabant , now called Hertogenbush . Bush , or holy water sprinkle , ( a Term in hunting ) the tayl of a Fox . Busiris , the son of Neptune , and Lybia the daughter of Epaphus , who for his Tyranny was slain by Hercules , with his son Amphidamas , and Chalbis his cryer . A Buskin , a kinde of boot , alse a Pump worn by Tragidians . Bustard , or Bistard , a kind of great sluggish bird . Butes , the son of Amycus , King of the Bebrycians , he being deposed , fled to Trepanum , and falling in love with Lycaste a fair Curtesan , he begat Eryx . Buthus , a famous Wrestler , that used to devour a whole oxe in a day . Butlerage , of wines , a certain impost uppon wines , which the Kings Butler may exact out of every ship . Butten , a term among hunters , the first part in putting up a Stags head . Buttington , a Town in Montgomeryshire , wherein in old time the Danes taking up their winter quarters , were driven out by Adhered Earle of the Mercians , in the year of our Lord , 894. Buttresse , a word of Architecture , the prop whereon the but-end of the building resteth . Buttuck , a term in Navigation , the breadth of a ship right a stern from the tuck upwards . Buxome or Bu●some , from the Dutch word Booghsaem , pliant , flexible , also blith or merry . Buzzar , a Market-place among the Persians . Buzzard , a kind of great Hawk or Kite . B Y Byblus , a Town of Phoenicia , where Adonis had a Temple built in honour of him . Byg , ( old word ) to build . Byker , ( old word ) a fray . Byndon , a Town in Dorcetshire , where in the year 614. Kinegilsus the Saxon King in a doubtful and bloody battel overcame the Brittaines . Byram , a certain solemn Feast among the Turkes . Byrlaw or Burlaw , a term used in the practick of Scotland . Laws of Burlaw are determined by consent of neighbours elected by common consent in the Courts called Burlaw Courts . Byssine , ( Lat. ) made of silk . Bytrent , ( old word ) catched about . Bywopen , ( old word ) made senselesse . Byzantium , a City of Thrace , built by the Spartans under the command of Pausanias . It was afterwards called Nova Roma : But Constantine the Great , making it the chief Seat of his Empire , it was called Constantinople , and is at this day the chief Seat of the Turkish Empire . C A CAb , an Hebr. measure of 3 pints . Cabades , a King of Persia , who succeeded Perozes after he had vanquished him , and cut off his whole army . Cabala , an Hebrew word , signifying receiving , also a science among the Jews , comprehending the secret wayes of expounding the Law , which were revealed by God to Moses . Cabalin , fountain , see Hypocrene . Cabin , a cottage , also a little room in a ship , called also Cabern . Cablish , ( a term used by the writers of forrest laws ) signifying Brushwood . Cabura , an odoriferous fountain of Mesopotamia , wherein Juno was used to wash . Caburn , a small line made of yarn to bind the cabel of a ship withal . Cacams , Doctors among the Jews . Cacafuego , a Spanish word signifying shitefire . Cachexy , ( Greek ) a physical term , signifying an ill disposition of the body . Cachinnations , ( Lat. ) a loud laughter . Cacique , a certain King among the Indians . Cackrell , a kind of fish . Cacochimie , ( Greek ) a physical word , signifying ill juice which is caused in the body through bad nutriment , or ill digestion . Cacodemon , ( Greek ) an evil spirit . Cacosyntheton , ( Greek ) a vicious composition of words . Cacozealous , ( Greek ) ill affected , or badly imitating . Cacuminate , ( Lat. ) to form into a sharpe top like a Pyramid . Cacumination , ( Lat. ) a making sharp at the top . Cacus , a shepherd of Aventinium in Italy , who stealing some of the oxen which Hercules Recaranus had taken from Gorgon , drew them backward by the taile to his cave , that they might seem by their foot-steps to have gone an other way ; but the theft being discovered , Hercules slew him with his club , and recovered his oxen . Cadaverus , ( Lat. ) like a carcase , full of dead carcases . Cadbury , a Town in Sommersetshire , which is thought by some to have been that Cathbregion where K. Arthur overcame the English Saxons in a memorable battel . Caddow , a chough or daw . Cade , or Cadd●e , an Arabian word , signifying a Lord or Magistrate among the Eastern people . Cadence , ( Lat. ) a just falling of the tone in a sentence , a descending of notes in musick . Cad●nt houses , are the third , sixth , eight , and twelfth , houses of a scheme or figure . Cadet , ( French ) a younger brother , among Gentlemen . Cadier Arthur , a high mountain in Brecknockshire , whose two tops resembling the form of a chair , it is thence vulgarly called K. Arthurs Chair . Cadmus , the King of the Phoenicians , the son of Agenor and brother of Europa , he brought the Greek letters out of Phoenicia ; he killed a serpent which had slain some of his companions , sowing the teeth of it in the Earth , out of which there sprung up armed men . He built Thebes , in the Country of Aonia , which was afterwards called Boeotia ; but being driven thence with his wife Hermione , by Zethus and Amphion , he was changed into a serpent . Cadrou , or Cadzou , a Barony in Scotland , out of which was paid a yearly pension of 26 pounds 13 shillings and 4 pence to the Kings Exchequer . Caduce , the snaky staffe which Apollo gave to Mercury in recompence of his harp . This staff had such vertue , that with it he could kill or make alive . It was also a rod among the Romans which was carried by their Heraulds in sign of peace ; whence an Embassadour is called Caduceator . Caecity , ( Lat. ) blindnesse . Caelibate , ( Lat. ) an unmarried state , a bachelers life . Caenis , a Thessalian Virgin , who was ravisht by Neptune , and being turned into a man and called Caeneus , was made invulnerable : afterwards fighting against the Centaurs , was buried alive by a great weight of trees thrown upon him . Caercaradoc , a hill in Shropshire , where Caratacus an ancient King of the Brittans resolutely defended a stone Rampire against Ostorius Lieutenant of the Romans . Caerdiff , a Town in Glamorganshire , fortified by Robert Fitz-Hamon , whose Grandchild William Earle of Glocester , was afterwards besieged in the Castle , and taken prisoner by Yvor-Bach , a Brittish Mountaineir . In this Castle , Robert Curthose , son of William the Conqueror , after he was bereft of his eyes , lived till he was very old . Caerfuse or Caersu●e , a Town in Montgomeryshire , anciently as they say , a very famous City . Caermarden , by Ptolomy called Maridunum , the chief Town of Caermardenshire , the birth-place of Merlin , the ancient Brittish Prophet . Caernarvon , the chief Town of Caernarvonshire , where the Princes of Wales anciently kept their Chancery , Exchequer , and Courts of Justice ; it was built by K. Edward the first , and the birth-place of K. Edward the second , sirnamed thence Edward of Caernarvon . Caesar , a name attributed to the Emperours of Rome , from Julius Caesar the first Emperour . Caeyx , see Halcyon . Cageole , ( French ) to prate to little purpose , to canvas or dispute a businesse . Cainsham , a Town in Sommersetshire , so called because it was built by Keina a devout Brittish Virgin , of whom it was believed by the vulgar , that she turned Serpents into stones , because the high-way thereabout is full of stones which wreath about resembling a Serpent . Cairus or Alcairus , a great City of Aegypt , formerly called Babylon Egyptia , it was taken by the Turk Zelmi . Caishoberry , the name of a country Palace , or great House near Watford in Hertfordshire ; it was begun by Sir Richard Morisin Knight ( Embassadour to several great Princes , under K. Henry the eighth , and K. Edward the sixth ) and finisht by Sir Charles Morisin , his son . It is now in the possession of the Lady Capell Dowager . Caitive , wretched wicked from the French Chetif , or the Italian Cattivo . Caitisned , chained , a word used by Chaucer . Calabria , a fruitful Country of Italy , which now belongs to the kingdom of Naples . Calamint , an herb so called . Calamist , a Piper upon a reed , from the Latin word Calamus . Calamity , ( Lat. ) misery , but originally it signifies a destruction of corn , from Calamus a stalk of corn . Calasticks , a physical word , signifying purging ointments . Calatrava , a place in Spain , which gives denomination to certain Knights , who are called Knights of Calatrave . Calcanth , a Chymical word , being the same as Vitriol . Calcation , ( Lat. ) a treading , or stamping . Calcedon , a word used by Lapidaries , being a certain forbe vein in a Ruby , or Saphyre , differing from the rest of the stone , also the name of a precious stone . Calchas , a Grecian south-sayer , the son of Thestor , who seeing a Serpent devour ten Sparrow chickins , prophesied that Troy should be taken the tenth year . Calcine , or Calcinate , ( Lat. ) a Chymicall Term , signifying to reduce any thing into cinders , especially metals . Calcitrate , ( Lat. ) to kick , or spurn . Calcule , ( Lat. ) an accounting , also a Ches-man , or Counter . Caleb , a proper name , signifying in Hebr. hearty . Calcent , a great Mart-Town in India , situate upon the Indian Sea. The Caledonian vvood , a great vvood in Scotland , whence Scotland it self hath been anciently called Caledonia , or Calydonia . Calefaction , ( Lat. ) a heating , or warming . Calender , a Term used by Linnen-drapers , signifying to set a glosse upon cloath . A Calender , ( Lat. ) an Almanack . Calends , ( Lat. ) a word used among the Romans , for the Computation of their moneths , and signifies the first day of every moneth , and if any number be added , it stands for so many as precede the Calends . Calenture , a Spanish word , signifying heat , also a burning feavour . Caletum , a Port Town in France , called by Caesar Portus Iccius , by the Moderns Calis . Calidity , ( Lat. ) heat . Caliduct , a kinde of Furnace used by the ancients , to convey heat from one room to another , through certain pipes . Caligation , ( Lat. ) dimnesse of sight . Caligula , the fourth Emperour of Rome , so called from certain Military Buskins , which he used to wear , named Caligae . Caliph , a Persian word , signifying King , or Emperour , at first all the chief Princes of the Mahumetan Religion were called Caliphs , as the Caliph of Aegypt , &c. Calisto , one of Diana's Nymphs , and daughter of Lycaon , King of Arcadia , she was got with Child by Jupiter , and turn'd out of Diana's train . Calked , ( old word ) cast . Callidity , ( Lat. ) subtilty . Calligraphy , ( Greek ) fair , or handsome writing . Calliope , the name of one of the nine Muses , the mother of Orpheus , she was believed to be the Inspiresse of Heroick verse . Callipolis , one of the Islands in the Aegoean Sea , called Cyclades . Callirrhoe , the daughter of Phocus , King of Boeotia , she complaining to her Countrey-men against her thirty suiters , who had killed her father , they fled to Hippote , a Town of Thebes , but being pursued by the Boeotians , the Town was taken , and the murtherers burnt to death . Calliver , a kinde of great Gun , or Arquebuse . Callot , an old Saxon word , signifying a le●d , or wanton woman . Calour , ( Lat. ) warmth , also a heat of desire , or affection . Calpe , a high hill in the uttermost part of Spain , which is faign'd to be one of Hercules his pillars . Calsounds , a kinde of linnen drawers usually worn among the Turks . Caltrope , ( French ) certain instruments used in War , being great pricks of iron , four-square , to cast in an enemies way , when they would break in on the contrary side . Calvinist , one of the opinion of Calvin , a famous reformer . Calvity , ( Lat. ) baldnesse . Calumniatour , ( Lat. ) signifies in Com-law , him , that in his accusation alleadgeth faults never committed . Camarina , a Lake in Sicily , which when the people dried up contrary to the advice of the Oracle they were overcome by their enemies . Cambel , a famous Castle in Argile in Scotland , from whence the great family of the Cambels derive their name . Cambio , ( Spanish ) a Burse , or Exchange , whence comes Cambsor , a Banker , or Mony-changer . Cambles , a King of the Lydians , of so greedy an apetite , that one night he devoured his wife . Cambren , a British word , signifying a crooked stick . Cambria , the Countrey of Wales , so called from Camber , the son of Brutus . Cambridge , the chief Town of Cambridge-shire , so called from a Bridge built over the River Cam : In this Town hath flourished for many ages , a famous University , consisting of sixteen Colledges , it hath been anciently reported that this Academy was founded by Cantabar a Spaniard , 375 years before Christ , and repaired by Sebert , King of the East Angles , in the year of our Lord 630. afterwards it was defaced by the Danes under Sueno , but being restored again by the Normans , it hath stood unviolated by War to this day . Camelot , a Town in the Shriefdom of Stirling in Scotland , which seems to be the same with that , which was called Corta Damniorum . Cambyses , King of Persia , the son of Cyrus , he added Aegypt to his Dominions , he died of a wound , which he gave himself as he was getting up to horse . Cameracum , a Citie of the Low-countreys , now call'd Cambray , where the linnen cloath , we call Cambrick is made . Camelion , a beast like a Lizard , that turneth himself into all colours , and lives by the aire . Camelopardal , a kinde of beast , half Camel , half Pardal , or Panther . Camerade , ( Spanish ) a Cabin , or chamber-fellow . Camerated , Vaulted , or Arched , a Term used in Architecture . Camisado , ( Spanish ) a suddain assault , or surprisal . Cammock , a kinde of Herb , that hath a hard and big root . Camois , a British word , signifying crooked . Camomil , an Herb of a fragrant smell , which grows and spreads by being trampled on . Campain , ( French ) a plain field , also a military word , signifying an armies expedition , or taking the field . Campania , a Countrey of Italy in the Kingdom of Naples , called Terra del Lavoro , whose chief Citie is Capua . Campernulphs , the ancient name of a great family of Cornwall , Lords of the Town of Modbury , they are commonly called Champernouns , in Latin Records de Campo Arnulphi . Campus lapideus , a field of Gallia Narbonensis , where Hercules fought with Alcion and Bergion , the sons of Neptune , but his darts failing him , Jupiter sent him down a showr of stones , wherewith he killed the Giants . Campus Martius , a field near Rome , dedicated to Mars , where the Romaus used to exercise , and the people assembled to give their suffrages . Campus sceleratus , a place where the Vestal Nuns were punish't , if they admitted of any familiarity with men . Camulodunum , or Camoludunum , the chief Town of Essex in England , vulgarly called Colchester , or rather Maldon . Camulus , a name anciently attributed to Mars , the heathen God of War. Canace , the daughter of Aeolus , she was got with childe by her brother Macareus , whence they use to call an Incestuous woman Canace . Canachus , a Fountain near Nauplia , where Juno used to bath her self , that she might recover her Virginity . Canacus , a high hill in Spain , on the top whereof is a Well , whose depth cannot be ●ounded . Canariae , certain Islands in the Adriatick Sea , anciently called the fortunate Islands , from thence it is that we have our Canary wines . Cancel , ( Lat. ) to rase , to blot out from Cancelli Lattices , or crosse-bars . Canceline , chamlet , a word used by Chaucer . Cancer , one of the 12 signs of the Zodiack , into which the Sun enters in the Moneth of June , the word signifies in Latin a Crab. Candia , an Island in the Mediterranean Sea , anciently called Creet , where Jupiter was born , and Minos reign'd , it is at present in the powr of the Venetian . Candid , ( Lat. ) white , also innocent , sincere . Candida Casa , the ancient name of a Town in Galloway in Scotland , vulgarly Whithern , the Episcopal seat of Ninian , who first converted the Scottish Picts to Christianity , it seemeth to be the same with Ptolomies Leucopibia . Candidates , ( Lat. ) were those among the Romans , who use to stand for any place , or Office of Dignity , and were clad in white Robes . Candiope , the daughter of Oenopian , and sister to Theodotion , who going a hunting with her brother , and being drawn into a Cave and ravish't by him , brought forth Hippolagus . Cankdore , ( old word ) a woeful case . Canibals , a people of India that feed uppon mans flesh . Canicula , a constellation in the Heavens called the little Dog. Canicular dayes , certain dayes in July and August wherein Canis Major , or the Dog-Star riseth with the Sun , and makes the weather extraordinary hot . Canitude , ( Lat. ) whiteheadedness , hoariness . Cannae , a Town of Apulia , not far from the River Anfidus where Hannibal overthrew Paulus Emilius , and Terentius Varro . Cannel bone , the neckbone or wind-pipe , so called from its likeness to a gutter or cannel . Canobus , see Canopus . Canon , ( Greek ) a rule to draw a streight line by , also a law or decree of the Church , also one that injoyes a living in a Cathedral Church . Canonium , the ancient name of a Town in Essex , now called Chelmerford , or Chensford , standing upon the River Chelmer . Canonize , to examine by rule , also to register for a Saint . Canopus , a City of Egypt , so called from Canopus Amyctaeus , the master of Menelaus his ship , who was there buried ; also the bright star in Argo . Canorous , ( Lat. ) shrill , loud singing . A Canow , an Indian boat . Cantabria , a Country of Hispania Tarracouensis , now called Biscay , and Guipuscoa , bordering upon Asturia . Cantae , an ancient people of Scotland , inhabiting that part which is now called Ross. Cantation , ( lat . ) a singing , also an inchanting . Canterbury , the chief City of Kens , anciently called in Latin Dorobernia , now Cantuaria . In the time of the Saxon Heptarchy , it was the Royal Seat of the Kings of Kent . Cantharides , certain venomus green flyes , used in physick , and breeding on the tops of Ashe and Olive-trees . Canticle , ( lat . ) a song or ballad . Cantilene , ( lat . ) a tale or song . Cantium , a County in England , vulgarly called Kent . Cantlow , the name of an honourable and ancient Family in Cornwall , stiled in Latin records , de Cantelupo . Canto , ( Ital. ) part of a H●roick Poeme . Canton , a corner , also one of the divisions of the Country of Helvetia or Switzerland , also a term in Heraldry , signifying a corner in an Escutcheon . Cantreds , a Welsh word , signifying the Hundreds into which their Countries are divided . Cantyre , a promontory called by Ptolomy Epidiorum , being a Province of the South part of Scotland separated from Argile by the lake called Logh Fin ; in Irish it signifieth the lands-head To Canvase , to sift a businesse , from canvas and cloth made of hemp , which is used in seives . Canum or Cana , a law term of Scotland , signifying a duty paid to a Superiour or Lord of the land , especially to Bishops and Church-men . Canzonet , ( Ital. ) a song or sonnet . Capable , ( French ) able , or in a condition to do a thing ▪ or apt to receive an impression . Artamenes . Capacity , in Common law signifies a right that a King or Clergy-man hath to purchase lands , and is either natural by which he may purchase to him and his heirs , or politick , by which he may purchase to him and his successours . Capaneus , see Euadne . Cap-a-pe armed , armed from head to foot . Caparasson , ( French ) trappings or furniture for a horse . Cape , ( Spanish ) a neck or promontory of land , shooting it self into the Sea. To Caperate , ( lat . ) to frown . Capers , certain berries growing in hot Countries , commonly used for sallads . Capias , a writ , of which there be two sorts , the one before judgement , which is called Capias ad respondendum , where an exigent is to be proclaimed 5 times , and if the party appear not , he is to be out-law'd . The other is called a writ of execution after judgement , which is of divers kinds , Capias ad faciendum , Capias pro fine , Capias ut l●gatum , & inquiras de bonis & catallis : of which see a book called Natura Brevium . Capillation , ( lat . ) hairinesse , or causing hair to grow . Capirotade , a stewed meat , compounded of several sorts of meat minced . Capistrate , ( lat . ) to muzzel with a headstall . Capital , ( lat . ) belonging to the head , also deadly , worthy of death . Capitation , ( lat . ) pole-money , or a tribute paid by the head . Capite , a Tenure whereby a man holdeth lands immediately of the King , either by Knights-service or Soccage . Capitol , an ancient cittadel of Rome , so called from a mans head that was found there when they digged to lay the foundation . M. Manlius Capitolinus , a famous Roman Captain , so called because he valiantly defended the Capitol against Brennus and the Gaules : but afterwards being suspected of affecting the kingship , he was condemned to be thrown down headlong from the Capitol which he had saved . Capitulate , ( lat . ) to make Articles of agreement , also to divide into chapters . Capnomancy , ( Greek ) a divination by smoak . Capo , one of the three chief Officers among the Venetians . Capouchins , an Order of Fryers institued by Mathew Basci of Ancona , they were so called from the coat or capouch which they used to wear . Cappadocia , a country in Asia , which is parted from the great Armenia by the River Euphrates . Capriccio , ( Ital. ) the rough draught or first invention of any thing . Caprichious , fantastical , whimsical , from the Spanish word Capricho , a humour . Capricorn , a Goat , also the name of one of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack , into which the Sun enters in the midst of Winter . Caprification , ( lat . ) a term in Husbandry , the dressing of wild vines or fig-trees . Caprifoile , a kind of herb , otherwise called woodbine . Capriole , ( French ) a caper in dancing , also a term in Horsemanship , called the Goatleap . Capstand or Capstern , a term in Navigation , being an instrument in a ship to weigh Anchor , a win de-beam , or draw-beam . Capsulary , ( Lat. ) belonging to a little chest or coffer . Captation , ( Lat. ) an endeavouring to get favour or applause . Captious , ( Lat. ) apt to take exceptions . Captivate , ( Lat. ) to take prisoner : it is also taken in an amorous sense . Capuchin , vide Capouchin . Caracol , ( French ) spoken chiefely for souldiers , to cast themselves into a round ring . Caradoc , an old Brittish name , signifying Dearly beloved . Caravan , ( French ) a convoy of souldiers for the safety of Merchants that travel by land in the Eastern Countries . Caravell , ( French ) a swift ship . Carbantorigum , the ancient name of a Town of Nidisdale in Scotland , now called Caerlaverock , a place so impregnable , that it was hardly taken by King Edward the first . It is now the Mansion of the Barons of Maxwell . Carbine , one that serves on horseback with a petronell . Carbonado , ( Ital. ) a rasher or collop of meat , a Gash in the flesh . Carbuncle , ( Lat. ) a certain precious stone , also a botch , or plague sore . Carcanet , ( French Carquan ) a rich chain or tablet for the neck . Carcedony , a kind of pretious stone , so called from a City anciently named Carcedon , now Carthage . Carcelage , the fees of a prison . Carceral , ( Lat. ) belonging to a prison . Card , an instrument to dresse wool ; also a Sea-map , which Mariners use for the better steering of their course . There is also a sort of playing Cards which are used for recreation . Cardiacal , ( Greek ) belonging to the heart , also Cordial . Cardigan , the chief Town of Cardiganshire , called by the Bittains Abertivy , i. The mouth of the River Tivy ; it was fortified by Gilbert de Clare , and afterwards being treacherously yielded up , was rased to the ground by Rhese ap Gruffin . Cardinal , ( Lat. ) belonging to a Hinge , also chief , principal , also an Ecclesiastical dignity , instituted by Pope Paschal the First . Cardiognostick , ( Greek ) a Knower of hearts , a prerogative onely attributed to God. Cardoon , ( French ) a dish of meat made of the stalk of an Artichoke . Carduus Benedictus , an herb called Blessed Thistle . Careening , a Term in Navigation , a way of trimming of a ship under-water . Carefox , quasi quatrefour , or a place parted into four wayes , a market-place in Oxford so called . Carecks , ( old word ) marks . Caresbroke , a Town in the Isle of Wight , contracted from Whitgaraburgh , i. the Town of Whitgar , for to him it was given by the Lord Cerdic , the first English Saxon that subdued the Island . Caresses , ( French ) cherishings , great expression of friendship and indearment . Cleopatra . Cargazon , ( Spanish ) the Fraight of a ship . Caria , a Country of Asia the Lesse , between Lycia and Ionia . Carm , ( Latine ) the keel of a ship . Carinthia , a Country joyning on the South to the Alpes , being under the Duke of Austria . Carity , ( Lat. ) dearth , scarsity . Cark , a quantity of wool , whereof 30 make a Sarpler . Carle , a clown , from the Saxon word Ceorle . Carlile , an ancient City in Cumberland , almost encompast with the Rivers Eden , Peteril , and Cand , it was called by the Romans Luguballia , by the ancient Brittains Caerlnalid , Egfrid , King of Northumberland , made a deed of gift of it to St. Cuthbert : this City being depopulated by the Danes , and lying buried in Rubbish for 2000 years , began to flourish again in the time of William Rufus , by whom it was first repaired . Carline Thistle , a certain plant , by which Charls the great preserved his army from the Pestilence . Carlings , Timbers which lie along a ship , from one beam to another . Carmania , a Country of Asia the Greater . Carmasal , a Turkish ship . Carmelites , an order of Fryars , instituted at Carmelus in Syria , by Almericus , Bishop of Antioch , in the year 1122. Carmenta , an Arcadian Prophetesse , the mother of Euander , so called , because she was the first that gave the Oracle in Verse , she was also called Nicostrata . Carminate , ( Lat. ) to card wool . Carmouth , a Town in Dorsetshire , where the Danes obtained a great victory against King Egbert , in the year 831 , and afterwards against Ethelwolph in the same place . Carnage , ( French ) the season wherein flesh may be eaten , also a term in hunting , signifying the flesh that is given to the dogs , after the chace . Carnality , ( Lat. ) Fleshlinesse . Carnation , a kind of colour resembling raw flesh . Carnaval , ( French ) a time of dissolutenesse , also the season , called Shrovetide . Carnificine , ( Lat. ) the Executioners office , also a place of execution . Carnivorous , ( Lat. ) Flesh-devouring . Carnogan , an old Brittish word , signifying a kind of wodden dish , a Piggin . Carnoose , the base ring in a great gun . Carnocity , ( lat . ) corpulency , fulnesse of flesh . Carodunum , the chief City of Poland , called Cracovia . Caroll , a Christmasse song , or hymn , sung at Christmasse , in honour of our Saviours birth . Carove , a kind of fruit , also a root called St. Johns bread . Carouse , a lusty drinking , a drinking all out , from the dutch words , Gar , altogether , and , ausz , out . Carpathus , an Island in the Mediterranean sea , between Rhodes and Crete , now called Scarpanto . Carpocratians , a sort of Hereticks , that held a very dangerous opinion . The Carp stone , a triangular stone , found in the chap of a Carp , white without , and yellow within . Carrack , or Carrick , a great ship , from the Italian word , Carico , a burthen . Carrat , ( French ) a term used by mintmen , Goldsmiths , and Jewellers : in gold and silver it signifies the third part of an ounce , in Jewels the 192d part . Carricta , or Carrict , a province of the South part of Scotland , standing upon Dunbritain Frith . Carriere , ( French , a running of horses in their full speed ; also a circle where horses run . Cartel , ( French ) a challenge , or letter of defiance . Carthage , the chief City of Africa , anciently called Carthedon : it was built by Dido , and grew at length to that power and greatnesse , that it waged war with the Romans , for a long while , with equal advantage . There is also a City of Hispania Tarraconensis , formerly called Carthago Vetus , now Villa Franca . Carthismandua , a famous Brittish Lady , Queen of the Brigantes , who casting off her husband Venusius , married Vellocatus his Harnesse-bearer , and crowned him King , being countenanced by the Romans , and aided by their forces ; yet Venusius making war against her , drove her to great straights , and recovered the Kingdom . Carthusians , an order of Monks , instituted by St. Bruno , a native of Cullen 1101 , who first led a Hermeticall life upon the Carthusian Mountains . Cartilagineous , ( latine ) full of gristles . Carucata terrae , from the French word Charrue , a Plough : it signifies in the ancient charters , as much land as can be ploughed in a year by one Plough . In the ancient laws it is called Hilda terrae , which we call a hide of land . Cartilagindous , ( lat . ) of a gristly substance . Cartouch , ( French ) a word used in Architecture , signifying a roll , with which they adorn the Cornish of a pillar , also a charge of powder and shot , made ready in a paper , called also a Carthrage . Carvage , is to be quit , if the King should tax his land by Carves . Carve of land , see Carrucata terrae . Casemate , ( Ital. ) a term in fortification , a loop-hole in a wall to shoot out at . Cashire , ( French ) to break up a company of souldiers . Caspian sea , a sea between the Caspian and Hircanian Mountains . Cassandra , the daughter of Priam and Hecuba , she being beloved of Apollo , received the gift of prophesie from him at the sack of Troy , she was ravisht in the Temple by Ajax Oileus , and afterwards in the dividing the spoil , she fell to Agamemnons lot . Cassation , ( lat . ) a nulling or making void . Cassia , or Cassia fistula , a kind of Reed or shrub , growning in Egypt , it is also called Canell , from the French word Canelle . Cassia lignea , a sweet wood like to Cinnamon . Cassiope , or Cassiopea , the daughter of Cepheus , King of Ethiopia , and mother of Andromeda , who for her mothers pride , in boasting her self fairer than the Nereides , was exposed to the fury of a sea-monster , they were afterwards placed both among the stars . See Andromeda . Cassivellaunus , or Cassibellinus , an ancient King of the Brittains , under whose conduct they defended themselves with great courage against the Romans for a long time , when they invaded this Island , but at last he was constrained to surrender himself to Julius Caesar. Castaldie , a Stewardship , from the Latin word Gastaldius . Castalia , a certain Nymph , as some think , the daughter of Achelous , who flying from Apollo , was turned into a Fountain near Parnassus , called the Castalian Fountain , by some the Caba●line Fountain , sacred to the Muses . Castanetts , a certain sort of snappers , which dancers tying about their fingers , keep time with them as they dance ; they are so called from their resemblance of a a Chesnut , called in Latin Castanea . Castellain , an officer called the Constable of a Castle , which some think to be the same with Gnastaldus , also in the Forrest laws , it signifies an Officer of the Forrest . Castigate , ( lat . ) to punish , to chastize . Castlesteed , a word anciently used for any Fortresse or Bulwark . Castleward , an Imposition upon such as dwell within a certain compasse of any Castle , toward the maintenance of such as watch and ward the Castle : it is taken also for the circuit it self , which is inhabited by such as are subject to this service . Castor and P●llux , the sons of Jupiter and Leda , whom he lay with in the shape of a Swan , they being grown to age , freed the sea of Pirates , and were therefore counted gods of the sea ; they went with Jason to Colchos , and coming home , they recovered their sister from Theseus , and won the Town Aphydna , wherein Castor died , Pollux , who was born in the same Egge with Helena , and so became immortal , desired of Jupiter that his brother might partake of immortality with him , whereupon they were both reported to live and die by turns . Castrated , ( Lat. ) gelded , cut away . Casual , ( Lat. ) accidental , hapning by chance . Casu consimili , a Writ of Entry granted where a Tenant in courtesie , or for Term of life doth Alienate in Fee , or in Tail. Casu proviso , a Writ of Entry granted by the Statute of Glo●ester . Casuit , a vvriter of Cases of conscience . Casule , a kinde of vestment , in which the Priest sayes Masse , resembling the purple Robe of derision , which was put upon our Saviour . Catabaptist , ( Greek ) an enemy , or abuser of the Sacrament of baptisme . Catachresis , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , the using of another word , in stead of the proper word . Cataclysme , ( Greek ) an inundation , or deluge . Catadrome , ( Greek ) an Engin like a Crane , which builders use , also a Tilt-yard , or place where horses run for prizes . Cataglottisme , ( Greek ) a thrusting out the tongue in kissing . Catagraph , ( Greek ) the first draught of a picture . Catalia , see Chattels . A Catalepsie , ( Greek ) occupation , also a disease in the head , which causeth a deprehension of the spirits . Catalogue , ( Greek ) a roul of names . Catalonia , a Province in Spain . Catamidiate , to put one to open shame , for some notorious offence . A Catamite , ( Lat. ) an Ingle , a boy kept for Sodomy . Cataphora , ( Greek ) a kinde of disease in the head , which causeth heavinesse , and deep sleep . Cataplasme , ( Greek ) an unctuous , and moist composition made of Meal and Herbs like a Pultis , but of a thicker substance . Cataphrygians , a Sect of Hereticks , who baptized their dead , forbid second marriage , and had other erroneous opinions , they were broached by Montanus and Apelles ( who were of the Countrey of Phrygia ) in the year 181. Catapuce , an Herb called Spurge . Catapult , ( Lat. ) the same as Balista . Catarract , ( Greek ) a great fall of waters from a high place , a flood-gate , a post-cullis , also a disease in the eyes caused by a coagulation of flegme , between the Uveo●s Tunicle and the Christalline humour , hindring the egresse and ingresse of the visual spirits . Catarractonium , or Caturactonium , the name of a Town near Richmond , anciently very famous , so called from a great waterfall near unto it , in the year 769. it was burnt by the Tyrant Beanred , but afterwards it flourish't again in the time of King Ethelred , who solemnised his marriage with King Offa's daughter in this Town , it is now called Catarrick-bridge . Catarrh , ( Greek ) a Rheum , a distillation of humours out of the head into the mouth , or throat . Catastasis , ( Greek ) the third Act of a Comedy , or Tragedy , wherein things are brought to a full perfection and ripenesse . Catastrophe , the conclusion of a businesse , also the last Act of a Comedy , or Tragedy . Catechize , ( Greek ) to instruct , or inform . A Catechumen , ( Greek ) one that is Catechiz'd for the receiving of the Communion . Category , ( Greek ) an accusation , also a Predicament , which is a Term in Logick . Catenate , ( Lat. ) to chain . Caterlogh , or Carlogh , a Countrey of Ireland , joyning on the East to the County of Kilkenny . Cathanesse , or Cathnesse , a Province of the South-part of Scotland , the people were called by Ptolomy , Catini . Cathaea , a Countrey in India , where beauty is so much regarded , that they choose the hansomest man for their King. Catharine , ( Greek ) pure , chaste , a proper name of women . Catharians , a Sect of Hereticks , who held themselves pure from sin , rejected baptisme , and denied original sin . Catharists , another sort of Hereticks , who were counted a branch of the Manichees . Catharticks , ( Greek ) the general name in Physick for all purging Medicines . Cathay , a great Country Eastward divided into 9 Realmes under the great Cham. It was formerly called Scythia , now Sinarum Regio ; the chief City is Issedon . Cathedral , ( Lat. ) belonging to a chair , also a Cathedral Church is the chief Church in a Bishops See. Cathelaunum , or Catalaunum , a Citie of Champagne in France , now called Chaalons , near unto which are Campi Cathelauni , those famous fields where Attila the Hun was overthrown . Ca●ethus , a Mathematical Term , the Perpendicular side of a right angled Triangle . Catholick , ( Greek ) general , universal , defending the Christian faith , a Title attributed to the King of Spain . Catholicon , a physical word , signifying a general purging Medicine . Cathorius , a Term used in the practick of Scotland , signifying the value of 9 kine , it being a penalty set upon him who breaks the Kings peace , to give to the King 22 Kine , and 3 Cathores , or for every Cathorius 9 Kine . Catini , an ancient people of Scotland , see Cathanesse . Cato , the name of several famous men of Rome , whereof the chief were Cato Porcius , Cato Censorius , and Cato Vticensis . Catoptrick , ( Greek ) belonging to a kinde of Optick glasse , which is called Catoptron . Catry , a place where Cates , or victuals are set . Cat , in Navigation is a piece of Timber fastned aloft , right over the Hawse , to trise up the Anchor from the Hawse to the fore-castle . Cattieuchlani , an ancient people of this Island , inhabiting those parts , which are now called Buckinghamshire , Bedfordshire , and Hertfordshire , they were as Camden believeth , more anciently called Cassii , and govern'd by Cassivellaunus . Cavalier , a brave man , a Knight , or Gentle-man , serving on hors-back from the Italian word Cavallo . Cavazion , a Term in Art Architecture , being the hollowing , or underdigging of the earth for cellerage , allowed to be the sixth part of the highth of the whole Fabrick . Caucasus , a high Hill , which parteth India from Scythia , being part of the mountain Taurus . Caveare , a certain kind of meat , which comes from the River Volgha in Russia , made of the roes of several sorts of fish . Caveat , ( Lat. ) a caution , or warning , also a Term in Civil Law , being a writing , which is entered by an Executor to keep others from medling in the administratorship . Cavechin , or Cavesan , a false rein to lead a horse in . A Cavern , ( Lat. ) a Cave . Cavillation , ( Lat. ) a mocking , or jesting , also a wrangling . Cavity , ( Lat. ) hollownesse . Caulk a ship , to fill the holes and chinks with Ockam and Towe . Cavon , a County of Ireland , called anciently East Breanny , lying to the West of Louth . Caupes , or Calpes , a Scotch-Law Term , signifying any gift , which a man gives in his own life time to his master , especially to the head , and chief of the Clan for his maintenance and protection . Cauphe , a kinde of drink among the Turks , made of a brown Berry . Cauponate , ( Lat. ) to sell for gain , especially wine , or victuals . Caurus , the name of the North-East winde , blowing commonly out of the Brittish Sea. Causal , ( Lat. ) causing , or expressing , the cause of any thing . Causam nobis , a vvrit to a Mayor of a Town , who hath denied seisin to one , to whom the King hath given a grant of Lands , or Tenements . Causation , ( Lat. ) an excusing , or alleadging of a cause . Causidick , ( Lat. ) a Lawyer , or Pleader . Caustick , ( Greek ) searing , or burning , a word used in physick , signifying that , which is applied to sear any part of the body . Cautele , ( Lat. ) a warinesse , or taking heed . Cautery , ( Greek ) an iron , which physicians use to sear withall , also a hot oyntment which hath the same quality . Cauterize , to sear . Cautionary , ( Lat. ) given in pledge , or pawn for the fulfilling of Articles . Cautione admittenda , a writ against a Bishop , for holding an excommunicate person in prison , notwithstanding that he offereth caution to obey the orders of the Church . Cayer , a quantity of paper , also a part of a written book . Cazimi , ( Arab. ) or a Planet in the heart of the Sun , is when he is not distant from the Sun 17 minutes . C E Cebratane , ( French ) a Trunk to shoot at Birds with clay pellets . Ceca , a certain religious house in Corduba , whence they say Andar de Ceca en Meca , i. e. to turn Turk . Cecity , ( Lat ) blindnesse . Cecrops , the first ( or as some say the second ) King of Athens , he was an Aegyptian born , and called by Eusebius Diphyes , or Biformed , because he was the first , who civilized mens manners , and instituted marriage in Athens . Cedent , ( Lat. ) giving place . Cedrosii , a certain wild barbarous people that go cloathed in the skin of wild beasts . Cefala , an Island of Africa , found out by the Portugals , in the year 1500. being three miles in length , and one in breadth . It hath two Villages and one strong Castle . In the year 1505 the Ilanders rebelled , but were quickly subdued by the Portugall's , who killed the King ; they had chosen among themselves , and set up another King , as Deputy to the King of Portugal . Celaenae , a hill in Asia , where Marsyas is said to have contended with Apollo for the mastery upon the Fluit . Celandine , a kind of herb called in Latine Chelidonium . Celature , or Caelature , ( Lat. ) a carving or engraving . Celebration , ( Lat. ) a solemnizing or making famous . Celebrity , ( Lat. ) famousnesse . Celerity , ( Lat. ) swiftnesse , expedition . Celestial , ( Lat. ) heavenly . Celestines , an Order of Fryers , instituted in the year 1215. by one Peter a Samnite , who was afterwards chosen Pope , and called Celestine the fifth . Cellarist , he that keepeth the cellar , or buttery in a Religious house . Celsitude , ( Lat. ) tallnesse , heighth , also a terme attributed to a Prince as a Title of honour . Celsity , the same . Celtae , a people anciently inhabiting Gallia Comata , between the Rivers Garonne , and Sein ; they were so called from Celtus , the son of Polypheme . Celtiberia , a part of Spain , anciently so called ; now Arragonia . Celurca , the ancient name of a Town in the Province of Angus in Scotland , now called Montros . Cemented , close joyned or united ; from Cement a strong and cleaving morter . Cemetery , see Caemetery . Cenchris , a green , and venomus biting Serpent . Cenotaph , ( Greek ) a hearse or empty tombe , erected in honour of a great person . Cense , ( Lat. ) a mustering of an army , a cessing of people . Censer , a vessel wherein the Priest burneth incense at any sacrifice or religious rites . Censor , ( lat . ) an Officer among the Romans , who was to cesse and valew mens esta●es , also to judge of discipline , and reform manners ; whence cometh to censure , i. e. to judge or give sentence . Centaures , a people of Thessaly , who waged war with the Lapithae , they descended as the Poets feign from Ixion , who falling in love with Juno , lay with a cloud which was formed into her shape . They were thought to be half men and half horses ; because riding their horses to water , while their horses held down their heads to drink , they seemed to those who beheld them a far off , like a strange kind of monster , whose former part resembled a man , the hinder part a horse . Centaury , a kind of herb , which some call Feverfew . Centenary , ( lat . ) belonging to a hundred . Center , ( lat . ) that point which is in the midst of every Circle or Globe . Centoculated , ( lat . ) having a hundred eyes , an Epithet belonging to Argos , whom Juno set to watch Io. Centinodie , an herb called knot-grasse , as it were having a hundred knots . Centon , ( lat . ) a garment made up of several patches , a work composed of many pieces . Central , situate in the center or middle . Centrie , a word contracted from Sanctuary , a place of refuge for malefactours . Centumviri , certain men among the Romans chosen out of the 35 Tribes to be Judges ; who although they were more in number than a hundred , yet for the easier naming of them , were called Centumviri Centuple , ( lat . ) a hundred-fold . Centurie , ( lat . ) the number of a hundred , the space of a hundred years , a band of a hundred men , or the like . Centurion , a Commander of a hundred men , a Captain . Cephalics , ( Greek ) medicines properly applyed to fractures of the head , but generally taken for all medicines peculiar to the head . Cephalic vein , see vein . Cephalus , the son of Eion , he married Procris , the daughter of Erichtheus King of Athens , and being loved of Aurora , would not answer her love : one morning after he had been a hunting with a dart which Procris gave him , and a dog called Lelaps , he sate down and called upon Aura to refresh him ; but his wife having followed him out of jealousie , had hid her self in a bush . Cephalus perceiving the bush to move , thought it had been a wild beast , and shot his wife , and afterwards was turned into a stone . Cepi Corpus , a return made by the Sheriff , that upon an exigent , he hath taken the body of a man. Ceramite , a kind of precious stone . Ceratine , ( lat . ) made of wax , dissolueable . Cerberus , quasi creoborus or flesh devouring , a three-headed dog , ●aid to watch constantly at the gates of Hell , whom Hercules overcame and carried away in a chain . Cerebrosity , ( lat . ) a being cock brain'd , or brainsick . Cerdonists , a sect of Hereticks , who held that there were two contrary principles in the cause of every thing , a good God and a bad ; they were instituted by one Cerdo in the year 150. Ceremonies , rites of the Church , from the ancient Latin word Cerus , which signifieth holy , or else from the Caerites , a people of Hetruria , who chearfully entertained all the sacred things of the Romans , which were brought to them by the Vestals when Rome was taken by the Gaules : whereupon the Romans out of gratitude , ordered that all things belonging to Religious Worship , should be called Ceremonies . Ceres , the daughter of Saturn and Ops , by whom Jupiter had Proserpina , and being snatcht away by Pluto ; Ceres wandered through the world to seek her , and came to the Court of Eleusius King of Attica , whose son Triptolomus she made immortal ; and seating him in a Chariot drawn with winged Dragons through the air , she sent him to teach mortals the use of corn , whence she was adored as the Godesse of Agriculture . Cerinthians , a sort of Hereticks , who held that Christ at his second coming should give to his people all carnal delights and pleasures : they had their original in the year 97 from one Cerinthus . Cerna , an Island in the Aethiopick Sea , where the North Pole is not seen , by some thought to be the same with Madagascar . Ceromatick , ( Greek ) anointed with oil . Cerones , a certain people anciently inhabiting that part of Scotland which is now called Assinshire . Cerote , ( Greek ) a kind of sear-cloth or plaister . A Certificate , a writing made in any Court to give notice to another Court of any thing done therein . Certification , of Assize of novel disse●sin , a Writ granted for the examining of a matter passed by Assize before the Justices , and is called a Certification of new disseisin . Certificando de recognitione stapulae , a Writ directed to the Maior , of the Staple , taken before him , in a case where the party himself refuseth to bring it in Certiorari , is a Writ issuing out of the Chancery to an inferiour Court , to call up the Records of a cause depending there , upon complaint made by the bill , that the party ▪ seeking the said Writ hath received hard dealing . Cervine , ( Lat. ) belonging to a hart , also of a ta●ny or hart-colour . Ceruse , ( Lat. ) white-lead refined out of the Mine , used by Chyrurgians for ointments ; by painters for the painting of a white colour . Cesata , or Cesada , a City of Spain between Emerita , and Caesar-Augusta . To Cespitate , ( Lat. ) to stumble . Cessation , ( Lat. ) a leaving off , a ceasing . Cessavit , a Writ lying upon this general ground , where a man hath neglected to perform such service , or to pay such rents as he is tied to by his tenure . To Cesse , ( from the Lat. Censere ) to leave off , to be idle , also to tax . Cession , ( Lat. ) a yeilding or giving place . Cest , ( Lat. ) a marriage-girdle , which the Bride useth to wear , and which is loosed by the Bridegroom the first night . Cetaceous , ( Lat. ) belonging to a Whale . Ceus , an Island where all men above 60 years old , were commanded by the law to poison themselves , that there might be no scarsity of provision for the rest . C H Cha , the leaf of a tree in China , which being infused into water , serves for their ordinary drink . Chace , ( French ) a warren , also a term in the game at tennis . Chafewax , an officer in Chancery , that fits the wax for the sealing of Writs , and such other instruments as are thence to be sent out . Chaffare , a buying and selling , from the Dutch word Kauffer a Buyer . Chaffinch , a kind of bird , so called because it delighteth in chaff . Chagrin , ( French ) care , heavinesse , also a disease caused by melancholy . Chaine , the decimal chaine is an instument used in surveying , made of round wire 16 foot in length . Chaines , is used by a figure called metonymie of the Adjunct , for captivity , and sometimes in an amorous sense . Cleopat . Chalcedon , a Citie of Asia , near Bosphorus Thracius , it was built by the Megarenses , who were called Caeci , or blinde , because they did not choose the other side where Constantinople stands . Chalcographer , ( Greek ) an ingraver in brasse . Chaldaea , a Countrey of Asia the greater , bordering upon Arabia , their chief Citie is Babylon , and the people have ever been famous for Astrology and Magick . Chaldron , a certain measure of coales , containing 36 bushels . Chalice , a holy vessel wherewith they had wont to sacrifice . Challenge , a Term in Common-law , signifying an exception against persons , or things , as a prisoner may except against the partial impanelling of a Jury , or against the insufficiency of the Jurors . Chalons ▪ blankets , or coverings . Chalybeate , ( Lat. ) of the temper , or quality of Steel . Chalybes , a people of Asia the lesse , dwelling upon the banks of Thermodoon ; Strabo calls them Chaldaeans , they had great store of Iron & Steel Mines , whence some think Chalybs comes to signifie Steel . A Chamber , in gunnery , is a charge made of brasse , or iron , to put in at the breech of a Murtherer . Chamberdekins , Irish beggars . Chamberlain of a Citie , is the chief keeper of the publick treasury from Camera , or Chamber , the place where the Treasury is kept , there be also two Officers of this name in the K. Exchequer . Chameleon , see Cameleon . Chamelot , or Chamblet , a kinde of water'd stuff mixed with Camels hair . A Chamfer , a word in Architecture , being an artificial gutter , or crevice made in a pillar . Chamois , or Chamoy , a wilde Goat , of whose skins they make Chamois leather . Champernouns , see Campernulphs . Champerty , ( French ) signifieth in Common-law the maintenance of a man in his suit depending , on condition to have part of the Land , or Goods , when they are recovered . Champion , ( French ) one that fighteth in anothers behalf , the Kings Champion , is one who is to come armed on hors-back upon the Kings Coronation day , and in the presence of the Nobles to challenge any , who shall affirm the King not lawfull Heir to the Crown , by this Tenure the Dimmocks hold a manner at Scrivelby , in Lincolnshire . Chananaea , the holy land ▪ bounded on the East by Euphrates , and the River Jordan , on the West by Aegypt , on the South by Arabia , on the North by Libanus . Chancellour , from the Latin word Cancelli , Latices , with which in former time the judgement seats were compassed ; it is a title of honour given unto him , who is the chief man next unto the Prince for matter of justice in civil affairs , having power to moderate , and temper the written Law , according to equity , also the Chancellour of the Exchequer is a supream Officer , appointed to moderate the extreamities in Exchequer . Chancery , the Court of Equity & Conscience , moderating the severity of other Courts that are more strictly tied to the rigour of the Law , the Officers belonging to this Court , are the Lord Chancelour , who is chief Judge , twelve masters of the Chancery , whereof the master of the Roll's is chief , the Clerk of the Crown , the six Clerks , with many others . Chanfron , the name of an Italian coyn valuing about twenty pence . A Chantepleur , ( French ) he that singeth and weepeth together . A Chanter , he that singeth divine service in a Church , or Chappel . Chanticleer , ( French ) a name often given to a Cock for its clear singing . Chaonia , the hilly part of Epirus , which Helenus the son of Priamus , so named from his brother Chaon , whom he there slew against his will , while he was a hunting . Chaos , ( Greek ) a confused indigested heap . Chapin , ( Spanish ) a high Cork-heel'd shooe . Chaplain , from Capella , a Chappel , he that dependeth upon the King , or other great person for the instruction of him and his family . Chaplet , a wreath , or Garland for the head , from the Latin word Caput . Chapter , in the common and Canon-law , signifieth a company of Clergy-men met together in a Cathedral conventual , or collegiate Church , and this company is a kinde of head to rule , and govern the Diocesse in the vacation of the Bishoprick , it is also a word of Architecture , signifying the top , or head of a pillar . Character , ( Greek ) the print , or seal of any thing , a Note in Chronology , also the name of printers several sorts of Letters . Characteristick , belonging to a Character . Chardford , a Town in Hantshire , heretofore called Cerdeford from Cerdick , that warlike English Saxon , who obtained a great victory over the Saxons . Chare , a kinde of fish , which breeds most peculiarly in Winandermere in Lancashire . A Charge in Blazon , is that thing whatsoever , that doth occupy the field of an Escutcheon , as the contained in the containing ▪ Charientisme , ( Greek ) gracefulnesse , also a Rhetorical figure , when we sweeten harsh expressions with softer terms . Charing-crosse , a famous monument which stood not long since at the end of the strand towards Westminster , it was erected by King Edward , the first in memory of his Queen Eleanor , who accompanying him to the holy war , suck't the poyson out of his eye , when it had been wounded by a More with an envenom'd sword , this crosse was utterly demolish't not many years since . Charlatenerie , ( French ) a cousening , cheating , or cogging , from Carlatan , a Mountebank . Charles , a proper name contracted from the Dutch words Gar , and Ethel , signifying all Noble . Charles wain , certain starres near the North-pole . Charmes , certain verses , or expressions , which are thought to have a bewitching power , also taken figuratively for surprizing attractions and allurements . Artamenes . A Charnel-house , a place where dead bones are laid . Charon , the son of Erebus , and night , whom the Poets faign to be the ferryman of Hell , and to carry the Souls of those that die over the stygian Lake in a Boat. Chart , ( Lat. ) a paper , or parchment , or written deed . Charter-house , a famous Hospital in London , founded by Sir Waltermany of Henault , who served under King Edward the third , in the French wars , this place was anciently a very noted Caemitery , or place of burial . Charters , ( French ) written Evidences of things done between party and party , also Letters Pattents wherein priviledges are granted by the King , to Towns and Corporations . Charterparty , ( a Term in Merchandize ) a Covenant , or Agreement between a Merchant , and the Master of a ship . Chartulary , a keeper of a Register roll , or Reckoning book . Charvil , or Chervil , an Herb called in Latin Cerefolium . Charybdis , a Gulph in the Bay of Sicily , near the Tauromitanian shore , which is feign'd to have been a woman of prodigious greedinesse , who for stealing Hercules his Oxen , was struck with Thunder by Jupiter , and turned into this Gulf. Chasma , ( Greek ) a wide gap , or opening of the earth . Chasteleyn , a word used by Chaucer , signifying a Gentle-woman of a great house . Chasuble , ( French ) a kinde of Cope , which the Priest and his assistants wear at Masse . Chattels , ( French ) a Term in Common-law , signifying all goods moveable , and immoveable , but such as are in the nature of a freehold , or a parcel thereof . Chattesworth , a stately house in Darbyshire , built by Sir William Cavendish , or Candish . Chaumond , an ancient and Noble family of Lancels in Cornwall , written in Latin Records , de Calvo Monte. Chaud-melle , signifieth in the practick of Scotland , a fault committed in a sudden Tumult . A Chauncel , the most sacred part of a Temple , or Church , so called from Cancelli , or Lattices , which separate that part from the rest of the Church , the Greeks call it Adyton . Chaunce medley , signifies in Common-law the casual slaying of a man. Chauncery , see Chancery . Chaworths , the name of a very Noble family of Ailesbury in Buckinghamshire , they were so called as descending from Cahors , a Town of Querce a Province of France , in Latin Records they are stiled de Cadurcis . Cheap-gild , a restitution made by the Hundred or County for any wrong done by one that was in plegio . Checkie , a term in Heraldry , as a bordure checkie is when the bordure consisteth of three panes of checquer-work , wherein it differs from counter-pany , which never exceeds two panes . Chief , a term in Common law , as lands holden in Chief ; See Capite . Also a term in Heraldry , being a line added to the upper or chief part of an Escutcheon , and contains a third part thereof . Chiefpledge , the same as Headborow , Constable , Tything-man . Chekel●ton , a stuff like motly . Chaucer . Chelandri , a Goldfinch , a word used by Chaucer . Chelidon , a pretious stone , which they say is found in the belly of a Swallow . Chelidonie , an herb , so called from the Greek word Chelidon , which signifies a Swallow . Chelmerford , a Town in Essex , so called from the River Chelmer ; it is commonly known by the name of Chensford . In the reign of King Henry the first it belonged to Maurice Bishop of London , who built here two bridges . Some think it to be the same with that which was anciently called Canonium . Chelonophagi , a certain people bordering upon Carmania , who feed onely upon Tortoises , covering their houses with the shells of them , being so large that one of them will serve to make a ship . Chemnis , an Island which is driven to and fro by the wind , wherein there is a Temple consecrated to Latona . Cherisaunce ( old word ) comfort . Chersonesus , ( Greek ) a tract of land almost invironed by the Sea , and joyned to the Continent by an Istthmus or narrow neck of land : it is called in Latin Peninsula . Chert , or Cheort , ( old word ) love , jealousie . Chertes , merry people , Chaucer . Cherubim , or Cherub , an Hebrew word signifying fulnesse of knowledge , one of the nine orders of Angels . Cheslip , a kind of little vermin that lies under tyles . Chest , ( old word ) subject . Chesten , ( French ) a chessnut . Chester , see Westchester . Chestoul , poppie . To Cheve , ( old word ) to thrive . Cheveril leather , a kind of soft tender leather , from the French word Chevereul , a wild goat , of whose skin some say it is made , or else from the River Charwel in Oxfordshire , which is famous for dressing of leather . Cheverons ( French ) the strong rafters and cheifs that met at the top of the house , to hold up the covering of the house ; also a term in Heraldry , being one of the ordinaries of an Escutcheon made in fashion of a triangle . Chevesal , a Gorget . Chaucer . To Chevice , ( old word ) to redeem . Chevin , a certain fish having a great head , from the French word Chef a head . Chevisaunce , a composition or agreement between the debtour and creditour , from the French word Chever , to come to a head . Chevronel , a term in Blazon , being a half Cheveron . Chibboll , a little onion . Chichester , the name of a famous City of Sussex , formerly called Cissancester , i. the City of Cissa , because it was built by Cissa King of the South-Saxons . It hath a very stately Cathedral , and in the reign of William Rufus , the Bishops See was translated from Selsey hither . Child-wit , a law-term , signifying a power to take a fine of your bond-woman begotten with child without your consent . Chiliade , ( Greek ) the number of a thousand . Chiliarch , ( Greek ) a Commander of of a thousand men , a Colonel . Chiliasts , ( Greek ) a sect of men who are also called Millenaries who hold that Christ shall come and reign personally upon Earth with his Saints a thousand years . Chilo , the Lacedemonian , one of the 7 Wisemen of Greece , whose sentences were very brief ; whence Chilonick signifieth compendious . Chimaera , a Hill of Lycia , on the top whereof were many Lions , in the midst fed Goates , and at the bottom were Serpents , which Bellerophon made habitable . Whence the Poets feigned that Bellerophon killed the Monster Chimaera , who had the head of a Lion , the belly of a Goat , and the tail of a Dragon . VVhence Chimaera's are taken for idle conceits . Chimbe , the uttermost part of a barrel . Chaucer . A Chime of Bells , a pleasant tune rung upon the Bells . Some say from the Latin word Cymbalum . Chimin , ( French ) a law-term , signifying the Kings highway , where there is free passage for him and his people . Chiminage , a toll for wayfarage or passage thorough a Forrest . China , a great Country in Asia , which is all under one King , whom they call Lord of the VVorld , and Son of Heaven . Chincherie , niggardlinesse , a word used by Chaucer . Chione , the daughter of Deucalion and wife of Paeonius the Epidaurian , she being got with child by Phoebus and Mercury , brought forth twins , Autolycus to Mercury , Philammon to Phoebus . Chios , an Island in the Aegean Sea , between Lesbos and Samos : It is 900 furlongs in circuit . Chiragrical , ( Greek ) having the gout in ones hands . Chirking , ( old word ) a chattering noise . Chirographer , a law-term , signifying him , who in the Common-pleas office , ingrosseth fines acknowledged in that Court , into a perpetual Record ; also he that giveth a bill of his hand : Chirograph signifying in Greek ones own hand writing . Chirologie , ( Greek ) a talking by signs made with the hand . Chiromancy , ( Greek ) a divination , by looking on the lines and marks of the hand . This art is also called Palmestry . Chiron , the son of Saturn and Philyra , who by reason that Saturn lay with Philyra in the shape of a horse , had his upper parts like a man , his lower parts like a horse : he grew famous for physick , brought up Achilles and Aesculapius , and at length was placed among the Stars , and called Sagittarius . Chirrichote , a Spanish word used in derision toward the Frenchmen . Chirurgery , ( Greek ) the Art of cureing wounds , vulgarly called Surgery . Chivalrie , ( French ) horsemanship , valour ; also a law-term , signifying a tenure of land by Knights-service . Chivauchie , the same as Chivalrie . Chloris , the wife of Zephyrus , she was called Flora , or the Goddesse of Flowers : also the daughter of Amphion and Niobe , who married Meleus , and brought forth Nestor . Chocolate , a compounded Indian drink , whose chief ingredient is a fruit called Cocao . Cholmondley , a Town in Cheshire , which gave name and habitation to the Noble Family of the Cholmondley's or Cholmley's by contraction . Chorall , a law-term , one that by vertue of the ancient orders of the Clergy was admitted to serve God in the quire . Chord , a term in Geometry , being a right line subtending an arch of a Circle . Choriambick , ( Greek ) a foot in Verse , consisting of 4 syllables , two long ones at each extream , and two short ones in the middle . Chorion , ( Greek ) the outermost tunicle that enwraps the Birth . Chorister , ( Greek ) a singing-man of a quire . Chorographer , ( Greek ) a describer or decipherer of Countries and Kingdoms . Chorus , a company of Singers in a quire , also that which is sung or played in a Tragedie or Comedy , between every act . Chrysmatory , ( Greek ) a vessel wherein they put the holy ointment ( used by those of the Roman Church in the Sacrament of Baptisme ) which is called Chrism . Chrisome , ( Greek ) a white cloth put about a child newly christned , in token of Baptism . Christian , a proper name of women , first derived from the profession it self . Christianism , the profession of Christian Religion . Christopher , ( Greek ) a proper name of men , signifying Christ ▪ carrier . Chromatic , ( Greek ) keeping its colour , also pleasant , delightful , also a soft kind of musick , which by the Ancients was taxed of effeminacy . Chronical , ( Greek ) temporal . A Chronicle , ( Greek ) a History of the times . Chronodix , ( Greek ) a certain kind of Dial or Instrument , to shew how the time passeth away . A Chronogram , ( Greek ) a verse wherein the figurative letters being joyned together , make up the year of our Lord. Chronography , ( Greek ) a writing of Annals . Chronology , ( Greek ) a computation of years , whereby is shown the coherence of Histories . Chrysocol , ( Greek ) a kind of green earth called Borax , wherewith Goldsmiths soder gold and other mettals together . Chrysolite , a kind of pretious stone of a gold-colour . Chrysopase , another sort of precious stone of a greenish colour . Chrysopolis , a Promontory of Asia , now called Scytary . Chrysostomus , signifying in Greek golden mouth , it was the name of an ancient Bishop of Byzantium , famous for his eloquence . Chrystalline heaven , it is the ninth heaven , mentioned Gen. 1. which divideth the water from the waters . Chyle , ( Greek ) a white substance or milky juice , into which the nutriment is converted by the heat of the stomack , and which being there brought to that pefection , passes thence away thorough Mesaraic veines into the Liver . Chylification , the act or faculty of converting nutriment into Chyle . Chymistry , the art of dissolving mettals , and of extracting the quintessence out of any thing . Chymere , a coat or jacket , also a Heralds coat of arms . C I Cibarious , ( Lat. ) belonging to meat . Ciboire , ( French ) a cup or box , wherein the Sacrament of the Lords Supper is kept among the Roman Catholicks . A Cicatrice , ( Lat. ) a scar or mark which is left after a wound is healed up . Cicely , a proper name of women , from the Latin word Caecilia , i. Greyeyd . Cicero , the name of a most famous Oratour and Philosopher among the Romans , whence Ciceronical is used for eloquent . To Cicurate , ( Lat. ) to tame . Cid , from the Arabick Caide , which signifies a Lord or great man. This word is used among the Spaniards , for a valiant man or great Captain . Cierges , waxcandles , lamps . Chaucer . Cilerie , a term in Architecture , signifying the draperie or leavage , which is wrought upon the heads of pillars . Cilicia , a Country of Asia the Lesse , now called Caramania or Turcomania . Cilicious , ( Lat. ) belonging to a Cilice or haircloath . Cilinder , see Cylinder . Cimbick , ( Lat. ) a niggard or peny-father . Cimbrians , a northern and warlick people , anciently inhabiting that Country which is now called Denmark . Cimeliark , ( Lat. ) a Vestry , also a place to put Jewels in . Cimice , a small red insect or worm . A Cimiter , see Scymitar . Cimmerians , a northern people whose Country by reason of its distance from the Sun , is alwayes dark : whence Cimmerian darknesse is taken for a very thick obscurity . They live near a certain narrow sea , which from them is called Bosph●rus Ci●imerius . There is also a people of Italy , so called , living between Baiae and Cumae , incompassed about with high hills . Cinamon , an Hebrew word , signifying a kind of spice . Cincantenier , ( French ) a Commander of 50 men ; also the name of an Officer in Paris . Cincture , ( Lat. ) an encompassing with a girdle . Ciniph , ( Lat. ) a gnat . Cinkefoile ▪ an herb called five leaved-grasse . Cinnaber , a red stone found in Mines , which is used for a Vermilion colour . Cinople , or Sinople , a kind of red-lead , from the City Sinope , whence it is digged . Cinque-ports , five Havens which lie toward France on the East part of England : namely , Hastings , Dover , Hith , Rumney , and Sandwich ; the inhabitants of these Ports have many priviledges and immunities above others of the Commons of that Country . Also they have an especial Governour ▪ who is called Lord-warden of the Cinque-ports , having all the authority that a Lord Admiral hath in places not exempted . A Cipher , from the Hebrew word Saphar , to number , signifieth any figure or number , especially that figure in form of an o. which onely serveth to augment the value of a number , also a Character wherein secret letters are written . Cipresse , a fine curled linnen , of which Hoodes for women are made . Circester , or Cirencester , an ancient City in Glocestershire , which standeth upon the River Corinus , or Churn , it was formerly called Corinium , and Durocornovium , also Vrbs Passerum , in regard it was set on fire by sparrows , by a stratageme of one Gurmundus ; it was taken from the Britaines by Ceaulin , King of the West Saxons , also Cineglise was here defeated by Penda , King of the Mercians . Circinate , ( Lat. ) to make a Circle with a pair of Compasses . Circk , ( Lat. ) a place in Rome made circularly where the people sate and beheld those playes , which are called circenses . A Circuit of action , a Term in Law , signifying a longer course of proceeding then is needfull , to recover the thing sued for . Circuition , ( Lat. ) a fetching a compasse , or going about . Circular , ( Lat. ) round , in fashion of a circle . Circulation , ( Lat. ) an encompassing , a fetching a round circle , also a subliming of waters by a Limbeck . Circ●maggeration , ( Lat. ) a heaping round about . Circumambient , ( Lat. ) incircling , or flowing about , an Epithet proper to the aire . Circumambulation , a walking about , also a far-fetch't discourse . Circumcelliones , certain abominable Hereticks , who to get themselves repute , laid violent hands upon themselves . Circumcision , ( lat . ) a cutting about , a Ceremony used among the Jews , namely a cutting off the fore-skins from their children as soon as they were eight dayes old . Circumduction , ( lat . ) a leading about , a deceiving . Circumference , ( lat . ) a line circularly drawn about the center . Circumferentor , a Mathematical instrument , used by Geometricians and Surveyors , it is made of wood , eight inches in length , and four broad , three quarters of an inch thick , about the middle of the upper-side is a round hole , three inches and a half about , and half an inch deep , in which is placed a C●rd , divided into 1●0 equal parts , in which Card is drawn a Dyal , to know the hour of the Sun. Circumflex , ( lat . ) bowed about , also a mark over a Vowel , whereby the most full Greek accent is express't . Circumfluous , or Circumfluent , ( latin ) flowing about . Circumforaneous , ( lat . ) ●●itering about the Market , or Court. Circumfusion , ( lat . ) a powring about . Circumgyration , ( lat . ) a fetching a great circuit round about . Circumjacent , ( lat . ) lying about . Circumincession , ( lat . ) a word used by the Divines , to expresse the existence of the holy Trinity . Circumligation , ( lat . ) a binding about . Circumlition , ( lat . ) a dawbing , or plaistering about . Circumlocution , ( lat . ) a circuit of word● , or going about the bush . Circumvection , ( lat . ) a carrying about . Circumplication , ( lat , ) a folding about . Circumrotation , ( lat . ) a wheeling about . Circumscription , ( lat . ) a writing about . Circumspection , ( lat . ) warinesse , heedfulnesse . A Circumstance , ( lat . ) a quality that accompanieth any thing , as time , place . Circumstantibus , a Law Term , those that stand about to make up the number of the Jurors : if any impanell'd appear not , or appearing , be challenged by either party . Circumvallation , ( lat . ) an enclosing , or trenching about . Circumvent , ( lat . ) to over-reach , to deceive . Circumvolate , ( lat . ) to fly about . Circumvolve , ( lat . ) to roll about . Circumvolution , a rolling , wheeling , or turning about . Circundate , ( lat . ) to encompasse about . Circunsonate , ( lat . ) to sound about , or on every side . Cisalpine , Countreys on this side the Alpes . Cisbury , a Town in Sussex ▪ so called from C●ssa , the son of Aello , and second King of the South Saxons , who with his brother Cimen , landed with great Forces at Cimonshore . Cistercian Monks , see Bernardine Monks . Cistus , a certain bramble , called the holy rose . Citation , ( lat . ) the alleadging of any Text , also a Summons to appear before any Court. Citherides , a name given to the Muses . Citriale , a Cittern , a word used by Chaucer . Cittine colour , the colour of a Pomecitron , or golden colour . Citrull , a kinde of Cucumber . Cittadell , a Castle , or Fortresse of a Citie . Civet , an Arabian word , it is a kinde of Unctious substance , that hath a very sweet smell , and seems to be an excrement coming from some beast . A Civick Crown , a reward anciently given by the Romans , to a deserving Citizen . C L Clack Wool , is to cut off the sheeps mark , which maketh it to weigh lesse , and to yield lesse custome . Claick-geese , see Bernacles . Claim , a Law Term , is a challenge of interest in any thing that is out of ones possession , as Claim by Charter , or descent , &c. Clamour , ( lat . ) noise . Clan , a tribe , or family in Scotland , as Clan Mackduff , the family of Mackduff . Clancular , ( lat . ) privie , secret . Clandestine , ( lat . ) the same . Clangour , ( lat . ) a shrill cry , or great sound . Clap , a Term in Faulcnory , the neather part of a Hawks beak , is called the Hawks clap . Clara , a proper name of women , signifying in Latin clear , or bright . Clare , a Town of Suffolk , which gave name unto the ancient family of the Clares , descended from Earle Gislebert the Norman , as also the Title of Dukedom , unto Leonel Son to King Edward the 3d. who for the more full sound was stiled Duke of Clarence . Clarentieux , one of the Kings at arms . Claricord , or Clericord , a kinde of Musical instrument , somewhat like a Cymbal . Clarie , a kinde of Herb , so called . Clarigation , a Law Term , used by the ancient Romans , being the same as reprizal with us , see more in reprizal . Clarion , a kinde of Trumpet . Clarissona●● , ( lat . ) clear-voic't , shrill-sounding . Clark , a Clergy-man , a Schollar , a Secretary , also a man imployed in some great Office , as Clark of the Crown in Chancery , Clark of the Crown in the Kings Bench , Clark of the Ex●reats , Clark of the Pell , of the petty Bag ▪ of the Kings Wardrop , of the Kings silver , &c. which see in their several places . Clarmathan , signifies in the practick of Scotland , the warranting of stolen Cattel , or goods . Classe , an order , a rank , or degree , also a Navy . Cla●dicate , to be lame . Clavecymbal , or Claricymbal , a kinde of instrument with wire-strings , by some taken for a Harpsical , or Virginal . Claver , a kinde of Herb , called Trefoil . Clavicular , ( lat . ) belonging to a key . Clavis , ( lat . ) a key , also an exposition of hard words . Clause , an Article , or conclusion , from the Latin word Claudere , because it shuts up a sentence . Claustral , ( lat . ) belonging to a close place , retired , or recluse . Clement , ( lat . ) a proper name , signifying milde , or gentle . Clementines , a part of the Canon-law , or certain decretals collected by Pope Clement . Cleopatra , a Queen of Aegypt , first loved by Julius Caesar , afterwards married to Marck Antonie , who having killed himself she procured her own death , by setting Asps to her naked breasts . Clep , a Scots Law Term , a form of claim , petition , or libel , or certain solemn words used , especially in Criminal causes . Clepen , ( old word ) they call . Clepsydrie , ( Greek ) an hour-glasse , which measures out the time by the insensible flowing of water . Clergion , a Clark , Chaucer . Clergie , the whole number of those that take upon them the Ministery , also a Term , signifying an appeal , a Plea to an Indictment , heretofore onely Clergy-men , but now all men have the benefit of their Ordinaries . Clerk , see Clark. Cleromancy , ( Greek ) a divination by lots . The Clew of a sayl , the lower corner of a sayl , which reaches down to the place where the sheates are made fast to the sayl . Clicket , a clapper of a door , Chaucer also useth it for a key . Clicketting , a Term in hunting , a Fox when he desires copulation , is said to go to his clicketting . Clientele , ( lat . ) a taking into ones protection , a train of clients and followers . Cliff , a cleft Mountain , or broken Rock . Climacterical , from the Greek word Climax , a scale , or ladder , every seventh , and ninth year is counted a climacterical year : wherein , if any misfortune , or sicknesse happen , it is accounted most dangerous , as likewise those years , which are compounded of 7 ths . & 9 ths . up to the 63d. which is held most dangerous of all . Climate , ( Greek ) a portion of the earth contained between two parallel lines , in which space there is half an hours difference in the length of the day . Clinick , ( Greek ) bedred . Clio , one of the nine Muses , who is said to be the first inventour of History . Cloacal , full of filth and nastinesse , from Cloaca a sink , or house of office . Cloelia , a Noble Virgin among the Romans , who being left as a hostage with Pors●nna , King of the Hetrurians made an escape , and swom over the River Tybris to her own party . Closet , a Term in Heraldry , being half of the Barre , see Bar. Closh , an unlawfull game forbidden by the statute . Clotho , Lachesis , and Atropos , the three Destinies , who spin the thread of humane life , Clotho carries the thread , Lachesis spins , and Atropos cuts it off . Cloudesbery , a plant which groweth peculiarly upon Pendlehill in Lancashire , so termed , as if it came out of the clouds . Clove , a Law Term , the two and thirtieth part of a weight . Clun , a Castle in Shropshire , built by the Fitz Alans , descended from Flaold the Norman , and defended by them as Lords Marchers ( and afterwards Earls of Arundel ) against the inroades of the Welsh . Cluniack Monks , Monks of the Monastery of Cluyne in France . Clyster , ( Greek ) a certain instrument whereby to convey any purging ingredient up into the guts through the fundament . Clytemnestra , the daughter of Tyndarus , and Leda , the wife of Agamemnon , she lived in Adultery with Aegystus , and with his help killed her husband Agamemnon , but his son Orestes revenged his death upon his mother and Aegysthus . Clytia , one of the daughters of Oceanus , who discovering that Apollo lay with Le●cothoe , the daughter of Orchamus was slighted by him , and pining her self away was turned into a flower , called a Heliotrope . Clyto , a Title of Honour , anciently used in this Nation , and peculiarly ascribed to the Kings sons , it comes from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. glorious , or excellent , in the same sense was the Saxon word Aetheling used . C N Cnidus , a Citie of Caria , where Venus was worshipped in ancient times . It is now called Cabocrio Cnossus , or Gnossus , a Citie of Crete , where Minas anciently kept his Court. It was anciently called Ceratus , from a River of that name , which ran hard by . Cnouts delf , otherwise called Steeds dike , a certain Ditch , which Canute the Dane caused to be made between Ramsey and Whitlesey , to abate the fury of the Sea thereabout , where in a great storm his sons and servants had like to have been cast away , it was also called Swerdes delf , because it was marked out with their swords . C O To Coacervate , ( lat . ) to heap together . Coaction , ( lat . ) a compelling or constraining . Coadjutor , ( lat . ) a fellow-labourer , an assistant or helper . Coadunation , ( lat . ) an assembling or bringing together . Coaetaneous , ( lat . ) of the same age . Coaeternal , ( lat . ) equal in eternity . Coagulation , ( lat . ) a thickning or curdling together . Coalition , ( lat . ) a growing together , an increasing . Coaptation , ( lat . ) a fitting together . Coarctation , ( lat . ) a streightning , a pressing together . Coassation , ( lat . ) a joyning together with boards . Coaxation , ( lat . ) a noise of frogs , a croaking . Cobus , a River of Colchis , that hath golden sands , it riseth out of the mountain Caucasus , and gave original to the Fable of the golden Fleece . Coccinean , of a Crimson , or Scarlet die . Coccium , an ancient Town of Lancashire , mentioned by the Emperour Antoninus , and thought to be the same with that , which is now called Cockley . Cockatrice , a kinde of Serpent , which is also called a Basilisk , ingendred as some say from a Cock's Egg. Cocket , a Law Term , being a Seal appertaining to the Custome-house , also a scrowl delivered by the Officers of the Custome-house to Merchants , to VVarrant that their merchandize is Customed . Cockle , ( Lat. ) a Shell-fish , also a Weed called Corn-rose , darnel , or Field-nigella . Cocle-stairs , a Term in Architecture , winding stairs . Cockney , a vulgar Term given to one born and bred in the Citie , which comes as some think from the River Thames , being in ancient time called Cockney . Cocles , ( Lat. ) a man born with one eye , also the name of a valiant Roman , who alone fought against all the forces of King Porsenna , upon a Bridge , untill the Bridge it self was cut down , whereupon he threw himself into the River armed , and swom over . Coction , ( lat . ) a seething , also a digestion of the meat in the stomack . Cocytus , a River of Hell , running out of the Stygian Lake . The Code , a volume of the Civil Law , which contains divers precepts of the Emperours . It comes from the Latin word Codex . Codeta , certain Orchards about Tiber , wherein grow many shrubs like horses tailes . Codicil , a word used in the Civil Law , being a just sentence of our Will , concerning that , which we would have done after our death , without the appointing of an Executor , and is a kinde of supplement to a Will. Codiniack , ( French ) a kinde of Marmalade made of Quinces . Codrus , a King of the Athenians , who because the Oracle had foretold that the Peloponesians should overcome , if they did not kill the Athenian King , he disguised himself like a beggar , and voluntarily exposed himself to death for the safety of his Countrey . Coeliacal Vein , see Vein . Coemeterie , ( Greek ) a Church-yard . Coemption , ( Lat. ) a certain Ceremony used among the Romans , whereby the husband and wife seemed to buy one another . Coequal , ( lat . ) equal one to another . Coertion , ( lat . ) a withholding , or restraing . Coessential , ( lat . ) of the same essence . Coexistent , ( lat . ) having a being together , or at the same time . Coffa , see Cauphe . Cofferer of the Kings houshold , a principal Officer in the Kings Court under the Controller , who hath a special charge over the other Officers of the houshold , and payeth them their wages . Cogitation , ( lat . ) a thinking , or meditating . Cognation , ( lat . ) kindred , or alliance . Cognisance , ( French ) a badge in armes , also an acknowledging of a Fine , also a hearing a thing judicially ; moreover , a Cognisance of a Plea is a priviledge that a Citie , or Town hath of the Kings Grant , to hold a Plea of all Contracts , and of Lands , within the Precincts of the Franchise , and that when any man is impleaded for any such thing at the Kings Court , the Mayor , or Bayliffs of such Franchises may ask Cognisance of the Plea , that is , that the matter be determined before them . Cognisee , is he , to whom a Fine is acknowledged . Cognisour , is he , who acknowledgeth a Fine . Cognition , ( lat . ) a knowing , or judging of a thing . Cognitionibus admittendis , a VVrit directed to a Justice , or any that hath power to take a Fine , commanding him to certifie it in the Court of Common-Pleas . Cognominate , ( lat . ) to give a sirname to any one . Coherence , ( lat . ) a sticking unto , an agreeing , or hanging together . Cohibition , ( lat . ) a keeping back , or restraining . Cohobation , ( lat . ) a Term in Chymistry , which signifies a powring of the distill'd liquor on its faeces , and distilling it again . A Cohort , among the Romans , was the tenth part of a legion , and contained five hundred Souldiers . Cohortation , ( lat . ) an exhorting , or perswading . Coincident , ( lat . ) falling out together , hapning at the same time . Coines , corners of a wall , also pieces of wood wherewith Gunners mount Ordnance . Coint , ( old word ) strange . Coition , ( lat . ) an assembling together , also carnal copulation . Coition of the Moon is also when the Moon is in the same sign and degree with the Sun. To Colaphize , ( lat . ) to cuff or buffet with the fist . Colbrand , the Danish Giant who was overcome by Guy Earle of Warick . Colchis , a country of Asia , near Pontus , where Aeaetes raigned , with whom the Argonauts made war about the Golden Fleece . Collactaneous , ( lat . ) nursed together , sucking at the same time . Collapsed , ( lat . ) fallen to decay , ruined . Collateral , ( lat . ) equal with either side , Collateral relations or kindred , are brothers or sisters children , or those that descend from them . Collateral security is that security which is given over and above the deed it self . Collation , ( lat . ) a joyning or comparing together , also a Banquet ; also Collation of a benefice is the bestowing of a benefice by the Bishop who hath it in his own gift or patronage ; whereas the institution into a benefice is performed by the Bishop at the presentation of another who is Patron of the place , or hath a Patrons right . It is moreover a term used by Booksellers , and signifies a looking upon the letters at the bottom of every page to see that the book be perfect . Collative , a unanimous contribution of the people toward any publick work . To Collaud , ( lat . ) to joyn with others in the praise of any one . A Colleague , ( lat . ) a fellow or copartner in any office . A Collection , ( lat . ) a gathering or levie . Collection is when two principal significates do not behold one another , but both of them cast several aspects to a more weighty Planet than themselves , and they both receive him in some of their essential dignities , then shall the Planet which thus collects both their lights , bring the thing demanded to perfection . Collects things gathered out of other mens Works , also certain select prayers in the Common-prayer book , with the Epistles and Gospels for such and such dayes . Colledge , ( lat . ) a place set apart for the society and cohabitation of Students . Collerage , a pecuniary mulct in France exacted for the collars worn by wine-drawing horses or men . Collet , the same as Beazel of a ring . Collieth , a term in Faulconrie , when they say , the Hawk collieth , and not beaketh . Colligate , ( lat . ) to fasten , or tye together . Collimation , ( lat . ) an aiming at a mark . Colliquation , ( lat . ) a dissolving or melting , Collision , ( lat . ) a crushing , or bruising together . Collistrigium , or Collistridium , a word used in the practick of Scotland , and signifies a pillory or stocks . Collocation , ( lat . ) a placing in order , a letting out to hire . Collock , an old Saxon word , signifying a paile with one handle . To Collogue , to flatter , from the Latin word Colloquium , a talking together . A Colonel , a Commander in chief of a Regiment or Brigade , from the Latin word Columna a pillar , because he is one of the chief props and pillars of an Army . Colloquy , ( lat . ) a talking of two men together . Colluctation , ( lat . ) a strugling together . Collusion , ( lat . ) a dealing ▪ deceitfully ; in Common-law it signifieth an action commenc't against another on purpose to defraud him . Collybist , ( Greek ) a money-changer . Collyrie , ( Greek ) a term in Physick , signifying a medicinable water for the eyes . Colobe , an ancient kind of short coat , reaching to the knees . Coloieros , a certain religious Order among the Greeks . Colon , ( Greek ) a mark or pause of a sentence not fully ended , also one of the three great guts . Colony , ( lat . ) a company of men sent out of one country to inhabite another . Coloquintida , a kind of wild gourd , used by Physitians in purging medicines . Coloss , a statue of a vast bignesse : the most famous Coloss in the World was that of the Sun in the Port of Rhodes . Colostration , a term in physick , being a disease in children , caused by sucking bad milk . Colpindach , or Cowdach , a word used in the practick of Scotland , signifying a young cow or heifer . Colran , a Country of Ireland , anciently called Krine , bordering south upon Tir Oen. Colubraria , an Island of the Iberian sea , abounding with snakes , from the Latin word Coluber , a snake . Coludum , the ancient name of a Town of the Province of Merch in Scotland , called also Coldana by Ptolomy Colania , now Coldingham , where there was a famous Monastery , the Nuns whereof with their Prioresse Ebba , cut off their lips and noses to avoid the lustful violence of the Danes . A Columbarg , ( lat . ) a Dove-house . Columbine , a kind of Flower so called . Column , ( lat . ) a pillar . Columnae Herculis , or Hercules pillars , two mountains in the West , the one in Europe called Calpe , the other in Africa called Abyla , which Hercules separated the one from the other . Others say they were two pillars of Brasse in the Isles of Cades . Colures , two great circles in the Globe of the World , which passing through the Poles and the 4 principal ▪ points of the Zodiack , cut themselves equally , and divide the Glob into equal parts . Colus a beast of whitish colour that hath a head like a hog , and that drinks in water thorough the nostrils . Coma Berenices , a figure like a triangle in the tail of Leo. Comald , a strict Order of Fryers instituted in Italy , in the year 1012. by one Romoald of Ravenna . Combat , in the Common law signifies a formal trial of a doubtful cause by the sword or bastons of two Champions , wherein if the defendant can defend himself till the stars be seen in the firmament , and demand judgement if he ought to fight any longer , then judgement is to be given on the defendants side . Combination , ( lat . ) a joyning together , also a term in law , signifying the entring of two or more into a conspiracy to perform any unlawful or mischeivous design . Combustible , ( lat . ) apt to take fire , easily inflamed . Combustion , is when any Planet is not distant from the Sun eight degrees and three minutes , either before or after his body , and a Planet still remains under the Sun , until he is fully elongated 17 degrees . Comedie , see Comaedie . Comessation , ( lat . ) revelling , inordinate eating and drinking . Comestion , ( lat . ) a devouring or eating up . Comet , ( Greek ) a certain Meteor called a blazing Star , being a hot and dry exhalation set on fire in the upper Region and portending many strange events : of their several Sects , Vide Plin. l. 2. c. 25. de Nat. Comical , ( Greek . ) merry , facetious , pertaining to Comedies . Comitatu Commisso , is a VVrit , or Commission , whereby the Shriffe is authoriz'd to take upon him the sway of the County . Comitie , ( lat . ) courtesie , gentlenesse , civility of behaviour . Comitial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Convention , or Assembly of people , which is called Comitium , also in Physick the Comitial disease , signifying the falling sicknesse . Comma , ( Greek ) a point in a part of a sentence , without any perfect sense . Commaculate , ( lat . ) to defile , or pollute . Commandment , in Common Law , is taken either for the Commandment of the King , when upon his meer motion he commandeth any thing to be done , or else for the offence of him that willeth another to transgresse the Law. Commaterial , ( lat . ) made of the same matter , or substance with another . Commaundry , was in ancient time a Mannour or chief Messuage by which lands belonging to the Priory of St. Johns in Jerusalem were holden in England . A Commeatur , ( lat . ) one that passeth as a messenger from one place to another . Commemoration , ( lat . ) a mentioning or rehearsing the deeds of any one worthy of praise . To Commence , ( French ) to begin , also a term in Common law , signifying to proceed in any action or suite against any one , also to take a degree in the Universities . Commendaces , ( French ) prayers for the dead , also verses or orations made in praise of the dead . Commendam , a word used by Ecclesiastical Writers , whereby is signified the intrusting of a Benefice which is void to the charge and care of a sufficient Clergy-man , until it can be conveniently supplied . Commendation , ( lat . ) a praising or extolling . Commensal , ( lat . ) a companion at the Table , a fellow Commoner . Commensuration , ( Lat. ) a measuring one thing with another . A Commentary , ( French ) an explaining or exposition of a thing ; it signifieth also metaphorically , a comprehending the depth of any misery . Commerce , ( French ) a traffiquing or exchanging of wares . Commigration ▪ ( Lat. ) a removing from one place to another . Commination , ( Lat. ) a fierce and vehement threatning . Comminution , ( Lat. ) bruising or breaking to pieces . Commiseration , ( Lat. ) tender-heartednesse or compassion . Commissary , according to the acception of the Can●nists , is he who exerciseth Ecclesiastical jurisdiction in places of the Diocesse so far distant from the chief City , that the Chancelour cannot call the subjects to the Bishops principal Consistory without their great molestation ; also an Officer in war , is he who is to look to the distribution of victuals , provided for the Army and Garrisons . Commission , ( Lat. ) a delegation or mandate given for the warrant for the exercising of a jurisdiction given by Letters pattents , or the publick Seal . Commissure , ( Lat. ) a word used in Architecture , being a close joyning of planks or stone , or any other material together . Committee , is he or they to whom the consideration or ordering of any matter is referred , either by some Court , or consent of parties to whom it belongeth . Commixtion , ( Lat. ) a mingling together . Commodious , ( Lat. ) profitable , gainful . Common , signifieth in the Common law , that soile or water whereof the use is common in a Town or Lordship . Commonality , ( French ) the common people . Common-pleas , is one of the Courts in Westminster , but in ancient time moveable . It was erected in Henry the thirds time , for the trying of all civil causes , both reall and personal . The cheif Judge whereof is called Lord cheif Justice of the Common-pleas : the rest of the Officers are Custos brevium ; four Exigenters , fourteen Filazers , a Clark of the warrants , a Clark of the jurata writs , Clark of the Treasury , Clark of the Kings Silver , Clark of the Essoynes , and Clark of the Outlawries . Commoration , ( Lat. ) a tarrying in a place . C●mmotion , ( Lat. ) a tumult or uproar . Commotes , or Commoithes , a word used by the Welch , for a part of a shire , or a hundred , also a gathering made upon the people of a hundred . Communication , ( Lat. ) an imparting one to another . Community , or Communion , ( Lat. ) injoying in common , or mutual participation . Communition , ( Lat. ) a fortifying . Commutation , ( Lat. ) a changing one thing for another . Commutative justice , is the justice of a contractor , or his performing a covenant , in buying and selling , lending and borrowing , &c. Comaedie , or Comedie , a Stage-play wherein are represented the actions of human life . Compact , ( Lat. ) an agreement . Compaction , or Compage , ( lat . ) a fastning or joyning close together . In Philosophy the contracting of a substance by having lesse parts , or by the more close sticking together of the parts , and it is opposed to diffusion . Companage , ( Ital. ) the same as cates , all kind of victuals eaten with bread . A Comparition , ( lat . ) an appearing to open view . A Compasse , a Mathematical Instrument wherewith to make a round Circle ; also a Mariners Compasse , is a certain Instrument used by Seamen , for the better guiding and directing them in their Navigation . Compassionate , ( French ) full of tendernesse and compassion . Compatible , ( French ) which can agree together . Compatient , ( lat . ) suffering together . Compatriote , ( lat . ) one of the same Country , a fellow-Citizen . Compeer , ( lat . ) Compar or Compater ) a consort , or fellow , also a Gossip , also in the Isle of Zant , those young men invited together to Weddings , are called Compeers . Compel , ( lat . ) to force , to constrain . Compellation , ( lat . ) a calling any one by their name , also a mentioning with disgrace . Compendiousnesse , ( lat . ) shortnesse , brevity . A Compendium , ( lat . ) an abridgement , also a gaining by thriftinesse . Compensation , ( lat . ) a making recompence , a repaying a good , or bad turn . Comperennitation , ( lat . ) a deferring , or putting off . Competency , ( lat . ) sufficiency , or having enough . Competitour , ( lat . ) a rival , one that seeks after the same thing another sues for . Compile , ( French ) to heap together . Compital , ( lat . ) belonging to the Compita , or crosse wayes . Compitals , certain feasts solemnized in those crosse wayes . Complacential , ( lat . ) milde in behaviour , of a curteous or affable nature . Artamenes . Complainant to a Magistrate , making ones case known , suing for relief . Complaisance , ( French ) the same as Complacence , an obliging carriage , an aptnesse to comply . Cleopatra . Complement , ( lat . ) a filling up , also Ceremony in speech and behaviour , also a Geometrical Term , signifying those parts of a Quadrangle , which being added to the Gnomon , and the Diagonal make up the whole . Complement of an Angle , is so much as the Angle wanteth of ninty degrees . The Completes , ( Spanish ) a piece of service said in the evening . Complex , ( Lat. ) compound , containing several things together . Complexion , ( lat . ) the state and constitution of the body . Complicate , ( Lat. ) to wrap , or fold up . A Complice , differs from a partner in this , that a partner may be said to be a companion in good , or evil , a complice in evil onely . Comportment , ( French ) carriage , or behaviour . Composition , ( Lat. ) a setting together , also a work set forth in any piece of learning , or art . Compotation , ( Lat. ) a drinking bout , or merry meeting . Comprehension , ( Lat. ) a laying on , also understanding , or finding out the depth of any mystery . Compressure , or Compression , ( Lat. ) a pressing together . Comprise , ( French ) to contain , the same as comprehend . Comprobation , ( Lat. ) a mutual allowing , or approving . Compromise , a Term in Law , being a mutual promise of two , or more parties at difference to referre the ending of their controversie to the judgement of Arbitrators . Compton , in the hole , a Town in Warwick-shire , which gave name and habitation to the ancient family of the Comptons , advanced by Queen Elizabeth , to the Title of Barons . Compulsion , ( Lat. ) a constraining , or forcing . Compunction , ( Lat. ) remorce , or trouble of minde for any crime committed . Compurgation , ( Lat. ) a Term in Law , a justifying by Oath the report , or Oath of another . Computation , ( lat . ) a reckoning , or casting of account . De Computo reddendo , a VVrit compelling a Bayliff , Chamberlain , or receiver to give up their accounts . Comrade , the same as Camerade . Comus , a certain God among the Heathen , that was the chief patron of revellings and debauches . Conaught , or Connacht , a Province of Ireland , the people whereof were anciently called Concani , or Gangani . Concamerate , ( lat . ) a word of Architecture , to make a vaulted roof to Arch. Concatenate , ( lat . ) to chain together . Concavity , ( lat . ) hollownesse . Concealers , a Term in Common-law , signifying by Antiphrasis , or contrary speaking , such men as finde out concealed Lands , which are privily kept from the King , or the State by common persons , who have nothing to shew for them . Concede , ( lat . ) to yield , or grant . Consent , ( lat . ) a Harmony , or agreement in Musick . Concentricks , ( lat . ) Sphears , or Circles , having the one common Center . Conceptacle , ( lat . ) a capacious hollownesse , that which is apt to contain , or receive any thing . Conception , ( latin ) a conceiving with Childe , also a bringing forth any fancy , or conceit . Concern , ( lat . ) to regard , to belong unto . Concertation , ( lat . ) a striving together . Concession , ( lat . ) a granting , or yielding . Concidence , ( lat . ) a falling together , a a making a Cadence at the same time . Conciliate , ( lat . ) to make to agree , to bring together . Concinnate , ( lat . ) apt , fit , proper . Concional , ( lat . ) belonging to a speech made in publick . Concise , ( lat . ) short consisting of few words . Concitation , ( lat . ) a stirring up , or provoking . Conclamation , ( lat . ) a great noise , or shouting of much people . Concl●ve , ( lat . ) a Closet , or inner Chamber , also an Assembly of the Cardinals , met to consult about any affaire of the Church . A Conclusion , ( lat . ) a shutting up , or ending of a businesse . Concoction , ( lat . ) a seething , or boyling , a digestion of the meat in the stomack . Concomitant , ( lat . ) bearing any one company . Concord , ( lat . ) agreement , in Common-law , it is defined to be an agreement , between parties that intend the levying of a Fine of Lands one to another , in what manner the Land shall passe , also a perfect Tone in Musick , as an eighth , or a third , &c. Concorporation , ( lat . ) a mixing of bodies together into one . Concourse , ( lat . ) a meeting together of people . Concrete , ( lat . ) joyned , or grown together , also a Logical Term , signifying an accident joyned with any subject , whereas abstract is the accident alone . Concretion , ( lat . ) a growing together . Concubinage , ( French ) fornication , also a Term in Common-law , signifying an exception against her that sueth for her Dowry , alleadging that she is not wife , but Concubine to the party , in whose Lands she seeks to be indowed . Conculcate , ( lat . ) to stamp upon , or tread under foot . Concupiscence , ( lat . ) a vehement desire of any thing , but more particularly a lustfull , or venereal appetite . The Concupiscible faculty , the sensual part of the Soul , which onely seeks after pleasures and lusts . Concurrence , ( lat . ) a meeting together , also an agreeing . Concussion , ( lat . ) a jumbling together , also extorsion by terrifying . Concussionary , an Officer , or Magistrate that by false shew of Authority extorts gifts , and bribes from men . Cond , ( a Term in Navigation ) to lead , or direct a ship , which way she shall go . Condensation , ( lat . ) a making thick . Condereum , the ancient name of a Town , in the Bishoprick of Durham , where in old time the left wing of the Astures kept their station , it is now called Chester upon the Street . Conders , are those men that stand upon the high places , near the Sea-Coast , at the time of Herring-fishing , to make signes with bough's ▪ in their hands unto the fishers , which way the Herrings passe , which they easily discern by the blue colour , which they make in the wate● . Condescention , ( lat . ) a yielding unto , or complying with . Condict , ( lat . ) an appointment , or composition . Condigne , ( lat . ) worthy , according to merit . Condement , ( lat . ) seasoning . A Condisciple , ( lat . ) a School-fellow , or fellow Student . Condited , ( lat . ) seasoned . Condition , ( lat . ) nature , disposition , also estate , or fortune . In Common-law it signifies a rate , manner , or Law , annexed to mens Acts , staying , or suspending the same , and making them uncertain , whether they shall take effect , or no. Condolence , ( lat . ) a grieving with another . Condonation , ( lat . ) a pardoning , or forgiving . Conducible , ( lat . ) profitable , also to be hired . Conduct , ( French ) a guiding , also a management of any affair . Artamenes . Conductour , ( lat . ) a leader , or guider . Condylome , ( Greek ) an excrescence of flesh . Cone , a Geometrical figure , circularly flat at the bottome , and sharpning by degrees , till it end in a point at the top , also a Pine Apple . Confabulation , ( lat . ) a discoursing , or talking together . Confar●eation , ( lat . ) a certain Ceremony with a Cake , anciently used at marriages . Conf●ction ▪ ( lat . ) a finishing , a mingling of divers things together , a making of Conserves . A Confident , ( lat . ) one that is imploy'd in matters of secresie and trust . Configulation , ( lat . ) a making of earthen ware . Configuration , ( lat . ) a likenesse , or resemblance of figures . Confines , ( French ) Marches , or Borders of a Countrey . Confirmation , ( lat . ) a making sure , also a Law Term , signifying a strengthning of an estate formerly had , and yet voidable , though not presently void . Confiscation , ( lat . ) a Law Term , a bring-away a mans goods , as forfeited to the publick Treasury , from Fiscus a Pannyer , or Hamper , a place where the Kings Treasure useth to be kept . Conflagration , ( lat . ) a great consuming , or destroying with fire . Confluence , ( lat . ) a meeting of divers waters in one , also a great concourse of people . Confluxibility , ( lat . ) an aptnesse to flow together , or to be mingled one with another . Confoederate , ( lat . ) joyn'd together in a league by Oath . Conformable , ( lat . ) agreeable , suitable . Confront , ( French ) to bring face to face , also to compare together . Conge , ( French ) leave , Conge d'Estire , signifies in the Common-law , the Kings permission to a Dean , or Chapter to chuse a Bishop , or to an Abbey , to chuse their Abbot . Congenerous , ( lat . ) of the same sort , of the same stock . Congeniality , ( lat . ) a resemblance of Genius and fancie . Congelation , ( lat . ) a freesing , or congealing . Congersbury , a Town in Somerset-shire , so named from one Congar , who liv'd there an Eremite , whom Capgrave an old Writer affirms to have been the Emperours son of Constantinople . Congiary , a gift of a Prince , or great man to the people . Conglobation , ( lat . ) a gathering round into a Globe . Conglomeration , ( lat . ) a rolling up into a heap , a winding into a bottome . Conglutination , ( lat . ) a fastning together with Glue . Congratulation , ( Lat. ) a rejoycing with any one for his good fortune . Congregation , ( lat . ) an assembling , or gathering of people together . Congresse , ( lat . ) a coming together , also an incountring . Congruence , or Congruity , ( lat . ) agreeablenesse . Conical , having the figure of a Cone . Conjectural , ( lat . ) that may be conjectured , or guess't at . Conjugal , ( latin ) pertaining to marriage , belonging to man and wife . Conjugates , a Term in Logick , signifying things of the same rank , order , or original . Conjugation , ( lat . ) a deriving of things under the same order , a coupling of verbs with their moods , and tenses under the same theme . Conjunction , ( lat . ) a joyning together , also a Grammatical word , one of the eight parts of speech . Conjuration , ( lat . ) a conspiracy , or plot , also a compact , or bargaining with the Devil , or evil Spirits , to know any secret , or effect any purpose . Conizee , and Conizour , see Cognisee , and Cognisour . Connacht , see Conaught . Connascency , ( lat . ) a being born together , a springing together . Conne , to learn without book , from the Dutch word Kennen , to know , or learn. Connen , ( old word ) can . Connexion , ( lat ) a knitting , or joyning together . Coninesborough , a Castle in York-shire , where Hengist , after he had been vanquish't by Aurelius Ambrose , rallied his forces , but being again utterly defeated , he was beheaded . Connivence , ( lat . ) a faigning not to see , a winking at a fault . Connubial , ( lat . ) belonging to wedlock , or marriage . Conovium , the ancient name of a Citie , which flourish't in old time in Caernarvon-shire , and took its name from the River Conovius , now called Conwey . Conq●●ssation , ( Lat. ) a shaking together , a dashing in pieces . Conquest , a Term used in the practick of Scotland , and differs from heritage in this , that ●eritage signifies Lands & Goods pertaining to any person , as general Successour to his father , or any other predecessour . Conquest signifies those which any one possesseth by his own private Title , or by gift , or by any other single contract . Conquestion , ( lat . ) a complaining together . Conradus , ( Germ. ) Able counsel ; the name of several German Emperours . Consanguinity , ( lat . ) nearnesse in blood , kindred . Consarcination , ( lat . ) a patching or sowing of several pieces together . Conscention , ( lat . ) a climbing or mounting . Conscious , ( lat . ) inwardly guilty , privy to ones self of any fault or errour . Conscription , ( lat . ) a registering , or inrolling . Consecration , ( lat . ) a setting apart to the service of any one . Consectary , ( lat . ) that which follows from the demonstration of an argument . Consecution , ( lat . ) an immediate following . Month of consecution is a term in Astrology , signifying the space between each conjunction of the Moon with the Sun. Consequence , ( lat . ) that which followeth of necessity , also a businesse of consequence is a businesse of weight and moment . Consequent , ( lat . ) following , also being taken substantively it signifies the last proposition of an enthymeme , the first being called an antecedent . Conservation , ( lat . ) a keeping or preserving . Conservator of the peace , signifieth in Common law , him that hath a special charge by vertue of his office , to see the Kings peace kept . Conservator of the truce and safe conducts , was an officer appointed in every Port of the Sea , to inquire of all offences done against the Kings truce and safe conducts upon the main-sea , out of the Countries and out of the Franchises of the Cinque Ports . Conserves , ( French ) fruits conserved or condited . Considerable , of no mean degree , of more than ordinary quality . Cleopatra . Consideration , ( lat . ) an advising or taking heed ; also a term in Common law , signifying the material part of a contract , without which no contract standeth or bindeth . Consideration is either expressed , as when a man bargaineth to give a certain sum for any thing , or else imply'd as when the law inforceth a consideration . Consignation , ( lat . ) a signing of a bill with ones own hand . Consimilarity , ( lat . ) a likenesse or agreeing together . Consistence , ( lat . ) a being or setling . Consistent , an epithite belonging to dry bodies , and opposed to Fluid . Consistory , ( lat . ) an assembly of Prelates , a Council-house of Ecclesiastical persons . Consition , ( lat . ) a planting together . Consolation , ( lat . ) a comforting , or putting in good heart . Consolidation , ( lat . ) a sodering , strengthning , or making solid ; also a term in Common law , signifying a joyning of two benefices into one , and in the Civil law , a uniting of possession , occupation , or profit , with the property . Consomniation , ( lat . ) a sleeping or dreaming together . Consonant , ( lat . ) sounding together , or agreeing ; also substantively taken , it signifieth a letter which hath no sound of it self , but as it is joyned with a vowel . Consort , ( lat . ) a fellow , companion , or mate , also a set or company of Musitians . Consound , ( lat . Consolidum ) an herb otherwise called Backwort or Cumfry . Conspersion , ( lat . ) a bedewing or sprinkling . Conspicuous , ( lat . ) cleer , manifest . Conspiracy , ( lat . ) a plotting or secret consultation ; but in Common law it is alwayes taken in the evil part , and signifieth an agreement of such as bind themselves by covenant or other allyance , that each of them shall assist the other malitiously to indite , or falsely to move and maintain pleas ; also such as cause children within age to appeal men of felony , and such as receive men in the Countries , with liveries and fees to maintain their malitious enterprises . Conspiratione , a Writ that lies against Conspiratours . Conspurcation , ( Lat. ) a defiling , fouling , or polluting . Consputation , ( Lat. ) a spitting upon . Constable , quasi comes stabuli , or Master of the Kings horse , or as others say , derived from the Dutch word Konnin-Stable , i. e. prop and stay of the King. This word is diversly taken in Common law , either for the Constable of England , a place formerly of great Dignity , or for an office belonging heretofore to the Lords of certain Mannours , and at length there came to be ordained others of an inferiour rank , as Constables of Hundreds , or Franchises who were appointed for the conservation of the peace , and called high Constables ; and under these the Constables of every Town or Parish , who are called pety-constables . Constant , ( Lat. ) standing firm to ones duty or principles . Constantinople , see Byzantium . Constantinus , the son of Constantius and Helena , he was the first Roman Emperour that profess't Christianity , and for his great deeds , was called Constantine the Great . Constellation , ( Lat. ) a company of Stars embody'd together and representing some figure . Consternation , ( Lat. ) amazement , or astonishment . Constipation , ( Lat. ) a close embodying together . Constitution , ( Lat. ) an appointing or ordaining ; also constitution of the body , the state and complexion of the body . Constraint , ( French ) a forcing or compelling . Constriction , ( Lat. ) the same , also a binding together . Construction , ( Lat. ) a placing or setting together ; also a term in Grammar , signifying the right placing of words or sentences . Constupration , ( Lat. ) a ravishing or deflowring a Virgin. Consubstantial , ( Lat. ) of the same Essence with another . Consuete , or Consuetudinal , ( Lat. ) usual or accustomed . Consuetudinibus & servitiis , a Writ that lieth against a Tenant who deforceth his Lord of the rent or service due unto him . Consul , from the Latin word Consulere , to give counsel ; it was a place of highest dignity among the Romans , brought in after the expulsion of their Kings , and at this present day the chief Governours of divers Cities , are called Consuls . Consultation , ( Lat. ) a taking counsel , also the name of a Writ , whereby a cause being formerly removed by prohibition from the Ecclesiastical Court to the Kings Court , is returned thither again . Consummation , ( lat . ) a fulfilling or finishing , also a making up an account . Consumption , ( lat . ) a falling away , or consuming , also a disease which dries and wastes the body . Contabulation , ( lat . ) a fastning of planks or boards together . Contaction , ( lat . ) a touching of two things together . Contagion , ( lat . ) infection , the spreading of a disease . Contamination , ( lat . ) a polluting or defiling by touch . Conteke , ( old word ) strife or contention . Contemeration , ( lat . ) a deflowring . Contemplatives , certain Fryers of St. Mary Magdalens Order , who wear black upper garments , and white underneath . Contemplation , ( lat . ) a deep considering . Contemporal , or Contemporary , ( lat . ) of the same time with another . Contemptible , or Contemptuous , ( lat . ) worthy of disesteem and scorn . Contenement , a term in law , being the freehold land which lieth to a mans house or tenement . Contention , ( lat . ) a striving . Contermination , ( lat . ) a bordering upon , or lying near . Conterpleted , ( old word ) controlled . Contesseration , ( lat . ) a entering into league or amity with strangers . Contestation , ( lat . ) a calling to witnesse . Context , or Contexture , ( lat . ) a weaving together , also the stile or form of a processe or discourse . Contignation , in Architecture signifies the floor-work . Contiguity , ( lat . ) a nearnesse or close touching . Continent , ( lat . ) temperate , containing ones self from any thing ; also substantively taken it signifies the firm or main land . Contingency , ( lat . ) a hapning by chance . Continual claim , a term in Common law , signifying a claim made from time to time within every year and day , to land or any other thing , which at present we cannot attain without danger . Continuance , seemeth to signifie in Common law , the same as prorogation in the Civil law , as continuance until the next Assises when it chanceth that a Record cannot be found . Continuation , or Continuity , ( lat . ) a lengthning , or going on with any thing , a holding out intire . Contorsion , ( lat . ) a pulling awry , a wresting . Contrabanded , prohibited , from the Italian word Bando , a Proclamation , as contrabanded goods , are goods forbidden by Proclaimation to be imported . Contract , ( lat . ) a bargaining or making a match , as contract of marriage ; in Common law it is a covenant or agreement with lawfull consideration or clause . Contractation , or Contratation , ( lat . and Span. ) a contract or bargaining . Contraction , ( lat . ) a drawing together . Contradiction , ( lat . ) a gainsaying . Contra formam collationis , a Writ against an Abbot for him that hath given lands to an Abby , and findeth that the Abbot hath made a feoffment thereof . Contra formam feoffamenti , a Writ for the Heir of a Tenant infeoffed in certain lands by Charter of feoffment , by a Lord to do certain services to his Court , and afterwards is distrained for more than is contained in the Charter . C●ntramure , a term in Architecture or fortification , signifying an out-wall built about the wall of a City , a counter-scarfe . Contrasto , ( Spanish ) contention or strife . Contr●ctation , ( lat . ) a wanton handling of a woman . Contribution , ( lat . ) a joynt giving of money or supplies towards any businesse of importance . Contributione facienda , a Writ that lieth in case more are bound to one thing , yet the whole burthen is put upon one . Contristation , ( lat . ) a making sad . Contrition , ( lat . ) remorce or penitence . Controller , an officer who keepeth a Roll of other officers accounts . Controller of the Hamper , an officer in Chancery , who takes all things sealed from the Clark of the Hamper inclosed in leather bags , and takes a special charge of them . Controller of the pipe , an officer in the Exchequer , who writes summons to the Sheriffs to levie the debts of the pipe . Controller of the Pell , an officer of the Exchequer who keeps a controlment of the Pell of receipts and goings out . To Controve , ( old word ) to devise . Controversie , ( lat . ) contention in dispute . Contumacy , ( lat . ) stubbornnesse , rebellion . Contumely , ( lat . ) injury , reviling . Contumulation , ( lat . ) an intombing together . Contusion , ( lat . ) a bruising , or beating in pieces . Convalescency , ( lat . ) an increasing in health or strength . To Convene , ( lat . ) to warn into any Assembly . Conveniency , ( lat . ) fitnesse , or meetnesse . Convent , or Covent , a great Assembly of people , also a Society of Religious men dwelling together in a house . Conventicle , ( lat . ) a private Assembly . Conventual , ( lat . ) belonging to a company of religious persons . Conventual Church a Parish Church . Conversation , ( lat . ) a keeping company , or being familiar with any . Conversion , ( lat . ) a changing from one state to another , especially from bad to good . Convexity , ( lat . ) the outside of a globous body which is hollow . Conviction , ( lat . ) in Common law , is the proving a man guilty by the verdict of a jury , or when a man that is outlaw'd appeareth and confesseth . Convivial , ( lat . ) belonging to a feast . Convocation , ( lat . ) a calling , or assembling together , convocation house , the house where the Clergy assemble , to consult about Ecclesiastical affairs . Convoy , ( French ) a guide , or conduct . Convulsion , ( lat . ) a violent pulling together , also a disease wherein the sinews are shrunk up , and drawn together . Cooperate , ( lat . ) to bear another company in the same work . Coote , a kinde of bird , otherwise called a Moorhen . Copal , a kinde of white Rosin brought from the Indies , which they use for a perfume . Cope , a Cloak , also a vestment , that Bishops were wont to wear . Coparceners , or parceners , signifie in Common-law , such as have equal share in the inheritance of their ancestours . Copia libelli deliberanda , a Writ that lyeth in a case where a man cannot get the Copy of a Libel , at the hands of a Judge Ecclesiastical . Copyhold , signifieth in Common-law , a Tenure for which the Tenant hath nothing , but the Copy of the Rolles made by the Steward of his Lords Court , this is also called a base Tenure , or Tenure in Villenage . Copious , ( lat . ) plentifull . Copise , from the French Couper , to cut down , a little Wood , which consists of underwoods that are to be cut down before they grow to be great Trees . Copperas , a kinde of mineral , otherwise called vitriol , being mixed of humours , strained by drops into small holes . Copthall , the name of a stately house , belonging in ancient times to the Fitzauchers , and afterwards very much beautified by Sir Thomas Heneage . Copulation , ( lat . ) a joyning , or coupling together . Coquettery , ( French ) a pratling like a a Gossip . Coquination , ( lat . ) a dressing , or Cooking of meat . Cor Scorpii , the heart of the Scorpion . Coraage , in Common-law , is a certain extraordinary imposition upon certain measures of Corn , which is upon some unusual occasion . Coral , a certain Maritime plant growing under water , which when it is taken out , petrifies , and becomes red . Coralline , a kinde of plant , called Sea-mosse , or Coral-mosse . Coralyse , chaffe , or drosse of Corn. Corban , an Hebrew word , signifying a a gift dedicated to God. Corbel , or Corbet , a Term in Architecture , signifying a shouldering piece in Timberwork , a jutting out like a bragget . Corbets , the name of a very ancient family in Shropshire , who about the coming in of the Normans , held divers Lordships by the service of Roger Mountgomery . Corciousnesse , ( old word ) corpulency . Corck , or Orchall , a kinde of blue colour , used in painting . Cordage , the tackle of a ship , a word used in Navigation , also stuffe to make ropes on . Cordelier , a Gray Fryer of the Order of St. Francis , so called because he wears a cord full of knots about his middle . Cordial , ( latin ) comfortable to the heart . Cordon , an old English word , signifying reward , in like manner also the French word Guerdon is used by us . Cordovan leather , leather made of Goat-skins , so called from Corduba , a Citie of Andaluzia in Spain , where the best sort of that kinde of leather is made . Cordwainer , or Cordiner , ( French ) a shooe-maker . Corinaeus , one of the companions of Brutus , whence Cornwall is said to have taken its denomination , being in old time called Corinaea , it is fabulously reported of him that he fought with a Gyant , called Gogmagog , and threw him down a steep Rock . Corinth , a Citie of Achaia in Greece , in ancient time called Ephyre , which after it had been destroyed , was restored by Corinthus , the son of Marathon , or as some say of Pelops , and by him called Corinth . Corinthian order , a Term in Architecture , signifying an adornment of Pillars , after the Corinthian manner , there being five orders of pillars in Architecture , Dorick , Ionick , Tuscan , Corinthian , and Composite . Coritani , a people anciently inhabiting that part of this Island , which containeth Northamptonshire , Leicestershire , Rutlandshire , Lincolnshire , Nottinghamshire , and Derbyshire . Cork , a County of Ireland , in old time reputed a Kingdom , the people whereof were anciently called Vodiae & Coriondi . Cormorant , a Sea Raven , Metaphorically taken for a glutton . Cornage , is in Common-law a certain Tenure , whereby in the North , men used to hold their Lands , which was to blow a horn when any invasion of a Northern enemy was perceived . Cornalin , a kinde of precious stone , which some think to be the same with Corneol . Cornavii , the name of a certain people , who in ancient times possessed that part of this Island , containing those Counties which are at present called Warwick-shire , Worcestershire , Stafford-shire , Shrop-shire , Cheshire . Corn-flowr , a kinde of flowr , called blue-bottle . Cornelian , the same as Corneol , a kinde of precious stone , also Cornelian Law , was a Law made by Cornelius Sylla , that any who would follow him in , should be capable of Office before they had attained their full years . Cornelius , ( lat . ) a proper name of men , from Cornu , a horn . Cornel , an old word , signifying a corner , also the fore-part of a house . Corneol , a kinde of precious stone , apt to be ingraven , and therefore much used for the making of seals : It is also called a Sardy , or Onyx . Corneous , ( lat . ) of a horny substance . Cornet , ( French ) a kinde of black Taffata , which Doctors of Physick , or Law used to wear on the collar of their robes as an Ensign , or badge of their degree , also the Ensign of a Troup of horse , so called because it was used to be made of that kinde of Taffata . Cornice , a Term in Architecture , signifying the crests , or flourishing work at the upper end of a pillar , it is also called a frize . Cornigerous , ( lat . ) wearing horns , an Epithet of Bacchus . Cornil-tree , a Tree called a Horn-tree , because its branches are hard like a horn . Cornimuse , ( lat . ) a kinde of musical ininstrument , which some take for a kind of Bag-pipe . Cornix , see Cornalin , and Corneol . Cornucopy , a horn which Jupiter gave to Amalthea , whereby she injoyed plenty of all things , it is Metaphorically taken for plenty . Cornuted , ( lat . ) horned . Corody , from the Latin word Corrodo , it signifieth in Common-law , a summe of money , or allowance of meat and drink , toward the maintenance of any of the Kings servants out of an Abby , or religious house , whereof the King is the founder . Corodio habendo , a Writ for the exacting a Corody out of an Abby , or religious house . Corollary , an advantage above the ordinary measure , also a gift bestowed on the people at publick feasts . Corona , by the Greeks called Halo , that is to say a clear Circle appearing in a Cloud about the Sun , or any other bright Star , but especially about the Moon , also a coelestial constellation upon the shoulder of Bootes . Coronal Suture , this is by Chirurgons called the formost seam of the skull , passing from one bone of the Temples to the other . Coronation , ( lat . ) a Crowning . Coroner , an ancient Officer belonging to the Crown , and Common-wealth of England , his Office , is to enquire of every man that is slain , or cometh to an untimely end , and what Corn , Cattel , or freehold , the Felon had at the time of the fact committed , and to seize them to the use of the King , or State , there are four of these Officers in every County . Coronet , a little Crown , or Chaplet . Corporal , ( lat . ) belonging to the body , also a Commander , or band of ten Souldiers , also the fine linnen wherein the Sacrament is put . Corporation , ( lat . ) in the Civil Law , signifieth a body politick , authorised by the Kings Charter , to have a Common Seal , one , or more head Officers , and Members able by their common consent to grant , or receive in Law any thing within the compasse of their Charter . Corporature , ( lat . ) the form , or constitution of the body . Corporeal , ( lat . ) of a bodily substance . Corporeity , or Corporeature ( lat . ) Philosophick Term , Corporeature , bodily substance . Corps , ( Fr. ) a carcasse , or dead body . Corps du guard , ( French ) a Term in Military Discipline , signifying a Company of Souldiers set to watch . Corpulency , ( lat . ) fulnesse of body . Corpus Christi , a Colledge in Oxford , built by Richard Fox , Bishop of Winchester . Corpus cum causa , a Writ issuing out of Chancery to remove , both the body and the record touching the cause of any man lying in execution upon a judgement for debt into the Kings Bench. Corr , a certain measure containing two quarts . Corrade , ( lat . ) to scrape together , to extort . Correction , ( lat . ) an amending , also a chastising . Correctour of the Staple , a Clerk belonging to the Staple , that recordeth the bargains of Merchants there made . Correlatives , ( lat . ) a Term in Logick , signifying things that have mutual relation one to another , as Master and servant , father and son , &c. Correption , ( lat . ) a snatching suddenly away . Correspondency , ( lat . ) a holding mutual Commerce and familiarity , an answerablenesse , or proportion of one thing to another . Corridor , a Term in fortification , otherwise called Cortina , or Curtain . Corrigible , ( lat . ) easie to be corrected , or made better by correction . Corrival , a competitour , one that makes suit in the same businesse . Corroboration , ( lat . ) a strengthning or making firm . To Corrode , ( lat . ) to gnaw , to fret . Corrosive , ( lat . ) having a gnawing or fretting quality ; it is spoken of those things which are used in physick , to gnaw or eat into any part of the body . Corrugation , ( lat . ) a contracting together , a drawing into wrinkles . Corruption , ( lat . ) a tainting or depraving . Corruption of the blood , signifyeth in law an infection of the blood , growing to the estate and issue of a man tainted with treason , whereby he looseth all to the Prince , and both he and his heirs are made ignoble . Corsary , ( French ) a Courrier . Corse praesent , law-term , the body of a beast or some such like offering , given to the Priest out of a dead mans goods . It is also called a Mortuary . Corslet , ( Ital. ) the same as Cuirasse in French , armour for the back and brest . Corsure , or Courser ( old word ) a Broaker . Corstopitum , the ancient name of a Town in Northumberland , mentioned by Antonine . Some think it to be the same with Ptolemies Curiae Ottadinorum , now called Corbridge . Corticated , ( lat . ) covered with a bark or rind . Corven , ( old word ) carved . Corvine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Crow or Raven . Corviser , see Cordwainer . Coruscation , ( lat . ) lightning , a flashing or glimmering of light . Corybantes , the Priests of Cybele , who used to celebrate the Feasts of Cybele with dancing and ringing of Cymbals ; they were thought to be the same with the Curetes and Idaei Dactyli . Coscinomancy , ( Greek ) a divination by a seive . Cosenage , a Writ that lieth where the father of the Great grandfather is seized in his demesu as of fee at the day of his death , of certain lands and tenements , and he dying , a stranger entereth and intrudeth . Then shall his heir have this Writ of Cosenage . Cosh , or Cotterel , ( old word ) a Cottage . Cosham , a Town in Wiltshire , in ancient times the Mansion house of King Ethelred . Cosier , ( old word ) a Botcher , called also a Sowter . Cosmical , ( Greek ) belonging to the World. Cosmical rising of a Star , is a term used in Astronomy , signifying a Star rising at the same time with the Sun. Cosmography , ( Greek ) a description of the World , with the Climates and Circles marked upon the Globe and in Maps . Cosmometry , ( Greek ) a measuring of the World by degrees and minutes , being a part of Geography or Cosmography . Cost , a term in Blazon , being the fourth part of the Bend or half the Gartier . Costive , ( from the Latin word Constipatus , ) having the belly bound . Costmary , an herb called Balsamine , or Alecoast . Costrel , ( old word ) a wine-pot . Cote , a kind of refuse or clotted wool , also a cottage or sheepfold . Coteswold , ( old word ) a company of sheepcotes , and sheep feeding on hills . A Cottager , signifieth in Law he that dwelleth in a Cottage or house without land , or at most having but 4 acers belonging to it . Cotterel , see Cosh . Cotton , a kind of stuff , otherwise called Frize or Bombasin . Couchant , ( French ) lying or squatting close to the ground , a word often used in Heraldry to expresse that posture . Covenable , or Convenable , ( old word ) suitable or convenient . Covenant , ( French ) a bargain , pact , or agreement , also Covenant in Law is that which the Law intendeth to be made though in words it be not exprest , also the name of a Writ that lyeth for the breach of any . Covent , see C●nvent . Coventry , a famous City in Warwickshire , so called from a Covent of Monks that was anciently there . The first Lord of this City is said to be one Leofric , who imposing heavy taxes upon the Citizens , remitted them at last at the earnest intercession of his wife Godiva , upon condition she would ride naked thorough the chief street of the City , which she performed , but so covered with her long hair , that no body could discern her . Covercle , or Coverkill , ( old word ) a lid or cover . Covert , ( French ) an ombrage or shady place for Deer or other beasts . Coverture , in Common law is the condition of a married woman , who by the Laws of England , is under Covertbaron , and so disabled to make any bargain without her husbands consent . Coughton , a place in Warwickshire , the principle Mansion of the Throgmortons , a very ancient Family . Covie , ( French ) a term in fouling , signifying a nest or brood of Partridges . Covin , fraud , from the Latin word Convenire , it signifieth in Common law , a deceitful agreement between two or more , to the prejudice of another . Coulant , ( French ) flowing or gliding along . Couldray , ( French ) a hazel grove . Coule , a vessel to carry water in , also a roab which Fryers use to wear , called in Latin Cucullus . Coulter , ( Lat. ) a plough-sheare . Councel with a c. ( lat . Concilium ) an assembly of Counsellours . Count , ( French ) an Earle , also a Law Term coming from the Latin word Computatio , and signifies the Original declaration in a processe chiefly in real actions . Countercomponed , a Term in Armory , as a bordure countercomponed is a bordure compounded of two colours counterly placed . Counteurs , or Conteurs , are those which a man setteth to speak for him in Court as Advocates , whereas Plaideurs speak as Counsellours at law for one , who is present himself . Countenance , ( French ) the face , or visage , also estimation , or credit , also a Term in Law , signifying the favour that is shew'd to poor men that will swear , they have nothing whereof they may make fine . Counter , a Trades-mans chest , where he puts his cash , or money , also a prison in London , where men are put for debt , from the French word Compter , or from the Dutch word Cantor , a secluded place , also Counters are certain little things to cast account with . Counterfeit , ( French ) to feign . Countermaund , ( French ) a revocation of a former command . Countermure , a word in fortification , a Wall , or Bank opposite to the Town Wall. Counterpain , one of the Copies of a pair of deeds , or indentures , so that one party may keep one part , and the other the other . Counterplea , signifieth in Common-law , that , which the demandant alleadgeth against a Tenant in courtesie , or in dowr , who prayeth in aid of the King , or him , who hath the reversion for his better defence . Counterpoint , opposition , also a Term in Musick , being a composing of parts together by setting points one against another , also a Term in Needle-work , called back-stitch , or quilt-stitch . Counter-round , a Term in Military Discipline , signifying a certain number of Officers going to visit the Rounds , or the Sentinels . Counter-scarf , ( a Term in fortification ) that side of the moat , which is opposite to the Fortresse . Counter-tail , or Counter-tally , one of the two tallies , or pieces of wood , whereon any thing is scored , whereof one party keeps one piece , and the other the other piece . Countervail , ( French ) to be of equal price . County , or Shire , a certain portion , or circuit of the Realm , into which the whole land is divided . County-court , a Court held every moneth by the Sheriffe , or his Deputy the under Sheriffe . Coup , ( old word ) a piece cut off , or cut out . Coupant , ( French ) cutting , or lopping . Couple-close , a Term in Blazon , being the fourth part of a Cheveron . Courfine , ( old word ) fine heart . Courser , ( French ) a horse of service . Court , the house ( where ) a King hath his present residence , also a place where justice is judicially ministred , from the Latin curia , or from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. a Lord. Courtbaron , a Court that every Lord of a Mannour hath within his own precincts . Court of requests , a Court of Equiry of the same nature with the Chancery , onely this Court instead of a Subpoena useth a privy seal . Courtesie of England , is a certain Tenure , whereby a man marrying a woman seized of Land in Fee-simple , or Fee-tail general , if he have a childe by her , which cometh alive into the world , though she and the childe die immediately , yet if she were in possession he shall hold the land during his life , and is called Tenant per legem Angliae , or the courtesie of England . Courtilage in Common-law , is a Garden , or piece of void ground lying near a message from Curtis , a mansion house , and legere to gather . Courtisan , ( French ) a Court-lady , it is also commonly taken for a strumpet . Courtlasse , or Coutelasse , a short sword . Couth , quasi K●nnouth , knew , from the Saxon word Ken , to know . Coutheutlaugh , ( Saxon ) he that receiveth , cherisheth , or hideth an out-law . Cowde , ( old word ) a gobbet . Cowre , to kneel , to fall down for fear from the Italian word Covare . Cowneer , the hollow arching part in the ship stern . Coy , or Coyen , ( old word ) nice dainty , also to quiet , to flatter . C R Crabbat , ( French ) handsome , comely , also substantively taken , it signifieth a a Gorget for women , or a kinde of riding band for men . Crach , a crib , or rack for beasts . Crabs eye , a stone found in a Crab , which resembleth an eye . Cranage , money paid for the use of a Crane to draw up wares . Crank , ( old word ) lusty , blith , jovial . Crank-sided , when a ship will bear but small sayl , a Term in Navigation . Crany , ( lat . ) the skull . Crapulent , ( lat . ) glutted with meat , having taken a surfet . Crasie , sick , distemper'd , from the Greek word , crasis , temperature . Crask , ( old word ) fat . Crasse , ( lat . ) thick , heavy , dull , lumpish . Crassitude , ( lat . ) thicknesse , grossenesse . Crater , is a sign in Heaven , called the bottom of the pitcher in Virgo , it riseth about the sixteenth of the Calends of March. Creance , ( French ) trust , confidence , credit . Creansour , Law Term , a creditour . Creast-tile , a roof tile , which is made to lay upon the ridge of a house . Crebrous , ( lat . ) often , usual . Credible , ( lat . ) that may be believed . Credit , trust , belief , also esteem . Creditour , ( lat . ) he that lendeth , or trusteth out money . Credulity , ( lat . ) aptnesse to believe . Creed , a set form containing the artiticles of Christian religion . Creek , from the Dutch word Kreaken , to make a noise , a part of a Haven where any thing is landed , or disburthened from the Sea. Crenelle , a Term in Heraldry , being a line dented like the notch in the horn of a bow . Creon , the son of Menatius King of Thebes , he was brother to Jocasta , the wife of Laius , and mother of Oedipus , who unfolded the riddle of Sphinx , and married Jocasta , not knowing her to be his mother , and by her had Eteocles and Polynices , who succeeded in the Kingdom , and were to reign by turns every other year , but they having killed one another in civil Wars , Creon regained the Kingdom , but behaving himself with much cruelty , he was overcome by Theseus , and slain . Crepitation , ( lat . ) a creaking noise . Crepuscul , ( lat . ) the dawning of the day . Cressant , ( French ) the figure of a half Moon , a term in Heraldry . Cresses , a kind of plant called in Latin Nasturtium . Cresset , ( old word ) a Lantern , a Beacon . Crest , ( French ) a part of a helmet , also the upper part of a Scutchion in armo●y . Crestmarine , an herb called Rock-samphire . Crete , an Island of the Mediterranean Sea , heretofore called Hecatompolis by the Greeks , because it had a hundred Cities ▪ it is now called Candie , and is a great part of it in the possession of the Turks . Cretism , or Creticism , ( Greek ) a forging of lyes , falshood or perfidiousnesse . Crevequeurs , the name of an ancient Family in Kent , who built Leeds Castle in that County : they are stiled in ancient Records de crepito corde . Crevet , or Cruset , from the French word Creux , hollow , a Goldsmiths melting pot . Creusa , the daughter of Priamus and Hecuba , and wife of Aeneas , by whom he had Ascanius ; she following her husband out of Troy when it was set on fire , was not minded by him till he came out of the City , by reason that he led his son in his hand , and carried his father on his shoulders through the flames , but going back to seek her , he could never hear what was become of her . Criminal , ( lat . ) guilty , blameworthy . Cleop. Crined , having hairs , from the Latin word Crinis ; it is a word used in Heraldry . Crinisus , a River of Sicily , near to the City Segesta , of which it is related , that when the Trojan Virgins were to be exposed to the fury of a Monster , whom Neptune sent to destroy the Country because of Laomedons perfidiousnesse , Hippotes a noble Trojan committed his daughter Hegesta to the wide Sea , and she being by fortune carried into Sicily , Crinisus fell in love with her , and turning himself into a Bear , ravisht her , whereupon she became with child and brought forth Ac●●tes , who was afterwards King of Sicily . Criplings , ( a term in building ) short spars on the side of a house . Crisis , ( Greek ) a judgement or discerning into any thing ; also a term in Physick denoting the sudden change in a disease , tending either to recovery or death . Sir Crispins Launce , an awle , from Crispin who was the Patron of the Shoomakers . Crisped , ( lat . ) frisled , curled . Crithology , ( Greek ) a gathering in of the first fruits of corn . Critical , ( Greek ) of a nice judgement , apt to censure . Also Critical dayes in a disease , are those dayes wherein a disease comes to its Crisis , and they are the odde dayes as the third , fifth , seventh , and so on ; but the most critical are counted the fourteenth . The Crisis in acute diseases is judged by the Moon , but in Chronick diseases , the Crisis is judged by the Sun Criticisme , ( Greek ) a playing the Critick , a learning which consists in the curious and nice examining of Authors . Cro , or Croy , signifieth in the Scotch Acts of Parliament , a satisfaction which the Judge is to pay unto the nearest of kin to a man that is slain , in case he minister not justice as he should do . Croce , ( old word ) a Shepherds staff , or crook . Crocolana , the ancient name of a Town in Lincolnshire , now called Ancaster . Crocute , a certain beast imitating the voice of a man , and ingendred of a Hyaena and a Lionesse , it cometh from the Aethiopian word Crocottas . Croesus , a King of the Lydians , who abounded in riches ; he was overcome in war by Cyrus , and put upon a pile to be burnt , and calling out Solon , Solon , Cyrus demanding the reason , he acquainted him how that Solon having formerly been asked of him who was the happiest man , told him none could be happy till his death , and that the greatest riches could not keep a man from misery ; whereupon he was freed and made one of Cyrus his Counsellers . Croft , from the old word Creaft , i. e. handy-craft , a little Close joyning to a house , it being lookt to with more than ordinary care . Croisada , a Bull of the Pope , granting the sign , the badge of the Crosse , in an expedition of Christians against Infidels . Croises , Pilgrims , also Knights of the Order of St. John in Jerusalem , created for the defence of Pilgrims ; they were both so called from the sign of the Crosse which they used to wear on their garments . Crome , or Corm , ( old word ) a crow of iron , from the Dutch word Kromb , crooked . Crool , ( old word ) to mutter . Crosier , a Bishops staff , from the old word Croce , a Shepherds crook , or for that it bears the figure of a Crosse. Crosstaff , a Mathematical Instrument , wherewith the Altitude of any thing is taken . Crostrees , those crosse pieces of timber which are set on the head of the mast of a Ship. Crotchet , a measure in musick being half a Minim , and a Minim is once down or up , it signifieth also a humour or whimsy . Crotells , or Croteying ( term in hunting ) the ordure of a Hare . Crouch , ( old word ) Crosse , whence to Crouch , i. e. to blesse . Crow , is a celestial constellation , and sits upon Hydra's taile , she hath her Mansion in the austeral parts . Crowland , a Town in Lincolnshire , which is reported to have been heretofore mightily haunted with spirits , until such time as devout Guthlac lived there a Hermites life , to whose memory Aethelbald King of the Mercians built a famous Monastery . Crown , of the several sorts of Crowns , as Triumphal , Civic , Gramineal , Mural , and the like . See Aulus Gellius cap. 8. Crown is also metaphorically taken for glory , honour , dignity . Clark of the Crown in Chancery , an Officer that attends the Lord Chancellour for special matters of State , as Commissions of Lieutenancies , Justices , or such like , with their writs of association and dedimus potestatem for taking of oaths ; also all general pardons , writs of Parliament , writs of special executions , &c. Clark of the Crown-office in the Kings Bench , is he who frames , reads , and records , all Indictments against Traitours , Felons , and all other offenders there arraigned . Collens●earth ●earth , a kind of colour used in painting . Cruciate , ( lat . ) to afflict , to torment . Crucifie , ( lat . ) to fasten or naile to a Crosse. A Crucifix , an Image which represents the crucifying of Christ. Cruditie , ( lat . ) rawnesse , ill digestion of the stomack . Cruet , or Crewet , a viol or narrow-mouth'd glasse to keep oil or the like in . Cruife , a word used in the practick of Scotland for a hogs-stye , it is also called Creffera . Crurall , ( lat . ) belonging to the thighs . Crusible , a pot wherein Chymists melt their mettals . Crussell , ( old word ) grisle . Crustaceous , ( lat . ) crusted or covered with a hard shell . Crutchet Fryars , the same as crouched or crossed Fryars . Cruzada , see Croisada . Cruzado , a Portugal Crown of Gold. Cryptology , ( Greek ) a speaking in secret , a whispering . Crystall , a very bright and transparent kind of Mineral , which lookes like Ice , or the clearest sort of glasse . Crystalline Humour , a white splendid and shining humour , nor flat nor round , seated in the center of the eye , and is the first instrument of sight . C U Cubbridge head , a division made across the forecastle and half-deck with boords , which in other places is called the Bulk-head . Cube , a Geometrical figure , being a solid body every way , comprehending six equal sides . Cubebes , a certain kind of Indian fruit . Cubicular , ( lat . ) belonging to a Bed-chamber . Cubite , a kinde of measure , reaching from the elbow to the end of the little finger . Cuchaneale , a little worm bred in the fruit of the Holy-oke , of which is made a certain costly grain wherewith they dye Skarlet or Crimson colour . Some say it comes from the Latin word coccinus , Skarlet . Cu●ullated , ( lat . ) having on a Monks coule . Cucurbite , ( lat . ) a Gourd , also a Cuping-glasse , being a deep hollow glasse which Physitians apply to the body to draw out blood . Cucuye , a strange kind of bird in Hispaniola , having eyes under the wings , which in the night time shine very bright . Cudweed , a certain herb whose leaves are so soft , that they are used for cotton ; it is also called Cotton-weed . Cue , an item given to Stage-players when any of them are to begin to speak . Cuerpo , ( Spanish ) a body , also a corporation ; to walk in cuerpo , is to go without a cloak . Cui ante devortium , a writ , that a woman divorced from her husband hath power to recover her lands from him to whom her husband did alienate them during the marriage . Cui in vita , a writ of entry that a widow hath against him , to whom her husband did alienate her lands in his life time . Cuinage , the making up of Tin into such a fashion as makes it fit for carriage . Cuirassier , ( French ) he that is armed with a Cuirase or Corslet , which is a kind of armour for the brest and back . Culdeis , quasi ●ultores Dei , a sort of religious people that were anciently in Scotland and Ireland . Culerage , ( French ) lechery , also an herb called Water-pepper , or Arse-smart . Culinary , ( lat . ) belonging to the kitchin . Cullers , in Latin ●ves rejiculae , sheep that are chosen out and separated from those that are good for meat . Cullion-head , the same as Bastion , a Skonce or Block-house . Cullis , from Colare to strain , the juice of boiled meat strained thorough a strainer . Cullot , from Cullus the taile , a cushion to ride post with . Culm , from Culmen the top , smoak or soot . Culminate , ( lat . ) to get up to the top . Culrach , or Colrach , signifieth in the practick of Scotland , a pledge or cautioner which is left for the repledgeing of a man from one Court to another . Culpable , ( lat . ) guilty , faulty , peccant . Cultivation , ( lat . ) a manuring or tilling . Culture , ( lat . ) the same . Culver , ( old word ) a pigeon or dove . Culverine , quasi Colubrine , a piece of Ordnance so called . Culvertaile , a term in Architecture , a fastning of boards with artificial joynts . Cumble , ( French ) full heaped measure . Cumae , a City by the Sea side in Italy near Puzzoli . Cumfrey , a kind of herb otherwise called Consound . Cumulation , ( lat . ) a heaping up together . Cunctation , ( lat . ) prolonging of time , delaying . Cuneglasus , the name of a cruel Tyrant who succeeded Vortiporus in his government of the Britaine 's of Wales and Cornwale . Cunicle , ( lat . ) a Mine or Hole under ground . Cunobelinus , an ancient King of the Trinobantes , a people of the Eastern parts of Brittain , he succeeded Mandubratius in the kingdom . Cantey , signifieth the same as the ordinary Jury or trial by the Country . Cupidity , ( lat . ) covetous or lustful desire . Cupping-glasse , see Cucurbite . Cupulo , ( lat . ) a term in Architecture , a high arch in a building . C●rebulli , tann'd leather , a word used by Cha●cer . Curfew , a law made by William the Conqueror , that every one should put out their fire and light , at the ringing of the eight a clock-bell , which was called Couvrir le feu , i. e. cover the fire . Curia Ottadinorum , an ancient Town of Northumberland . See Corstopitum . Curialitas Scotiae is equivalent to that which we call Curtesie of England . Curlew , a kind of foule so called . Curranto , ( French , ) a running French Dance , also a musical Aire of a more than ordinary swift time . Curricurre , a kind of East Indian Barge . Curriedow , a curry-favour , or flatterer . Current , a running stream from Currere to run . Cursiter , a Clerk belonging to the Chancery who makes original writs for the Shier which is allotted him . Curvetta , or Corvetta , ( Ital. ) a prauncing of a horse of service , from the Latin Curvus , crook'd , because they bend in their feet . Curvity , ( lat . ) crookednesse . Curules , ( lat . ) those of the Roman Senators , which were carried to Court in Chariots . Curulis Sella , an ivory seat , which was placed in the Roman Consuls Chariot . Cusco , the chief Citie of that part of the new world , which contains Brasilia and Peru. Cuspidate , ( lat . ) to make sharp at the end from Cuspis a point . Cuspe , the entrance of any house , or first beginning , which is the line whereon the figure and degree of the Zodiack is placed , as you finde it in the Table of Houses . Custode admittendo , a Writ for the removing , or admitting of Guardians . Custody , ( lat . ) safe-hold . Custome , both in Common and Civil Law , signifieth a Law , or Rite not written , which being established by long use and the consent of our Ancestours hath been , and is dayly practised . Custos brevium , a Clerk belonging to the Court of Common-pleas , whose Office is to receive and keep all the Writs , and put them upon files , every return by it self , and at the end of every Term to receive of the prothonotaries , all the Records of nisi prius , called the postea . Custos Rotulorum , is he that hath the custody of the Rolls , or Records of the Sessions of peace , and of the Commission it self , he is thought to be the same with Custos placitorum Coronae . Custos spiritualium , or of the spiritualities , he that exerciseth Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of any Diocesse , during the Vacancy of the See , which by the Canon Law belongs to the Dean and Chapter . Cuthbert , ( Sax. ) famous knowledge , a proper name . Cuticle , ( lat . ) signifieth in Anatomy , the Membrane , or thin skin which covereth the thicker skin all over the body , and is called in Greek Epidermis . Cutter of the Tallies , an Officer in the Exchecquer , that provideth wood for the Tallies , and cutting the summe paid upon them , casteth the same into the Court to be written upon . Cuttle-fish , a certain kinde of fish , called in Latin Sepia , which throwing a black juyce like ink into the water , becomes hid in that obscurity , and so escapes the fisher . Cutilia , a Lake in the Reatine grounds in Italy , where there is a wooddy Island , which continually moves up and down . Cutwater , a Term in Navigation , the sharpnesse of the ship before . C Y Cyamba , a Citie in Asia , where they use Coral instead of money , and have great store of Aloes , and all kinde of Spices . Cybele , the daughter of Coelus and Terra , and the wife of Saturn , she is otherwise called Ops , Rhea , Vesta , Magna Mater , or Grand-mother of the Gods , also ●indymene & Berecynthia . Cyclades , 50 Islands in the Aegean Sea , called by the Italians Isole dell Archipelago . Cycle , ( Greek ) a Term in Astronomy , Cycle of the Sun is the revolution of 28 years , Cycle of the Moon the revolution of 19 years , in which time both of their motions recur to the same point . Cyclopaedie , ( Greek ) the whole Circle of Arts and Sciences . Cycl●ps , the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite , or as Apollodorus Atheniensis saith of Coelus and Terra , they were the servants of Vulcan , and made Thunder-bolts for Jupiter , having each of them one great eye in their forehead , their names were Bronte , Serope and Pyracmon , whom Apollodorus calleth Harpe , others say they were a very ancient people of Sicily of a very Gyantly stature . Cycnus , the son of Mars , who was kill'd in a Combate with Hercules , whom Mars to revenge his sons death resolved to fight with , but before they came to blows , Jupiter parted them with a clap of Thunder , there was another Cycnus , the son of Neptune , who being invulnerable fought with Achilles , and could not be killed , till Achilles throwing him upon the ground , kneel'd upon his neck and stiffled him . Cydippe , see Acontius . Cygnus , vide Swan . Cylinder , ( Greek ) a Geometrical body , being long , flat at both ends , and equally round from one end to the other , also a rolling stone to smooth Garden allies , being just of that figure , in the art of Gunnery it signifies that part of the bore of a piece , which remains empty when the piece is laden . Cymace , from the Greek word Cyma , a wave , it is a Term in Architecture , signifying carved work , which resembles waves . Cymbal , a Musical instrument , made of plates of brasse , resembling a kinde of boat , called Cymba . Cymraecan language , the Welsh , or old Brittish language . Cynanthrophy , ( lat . ) a kinde of Phrensie , or disease , which possesseth a man with a conceit that he is turned into a Dogge . Cynegeticks , ( Greek ) books treating of the art of hunting . Cynical , ( Greek ) crabbed , severe , from a certain Sect of Philosophers , who were called Cynicks . Cynosure , ( Greek ) a constellation of stars near the North-pole , called Vrsa Minor , by which the saylers are directed in their course . Cynthius , a name attributed to Apollo , as Cynthia to Diana , from Cynthus a Hill in Delos , where Latona brought them forth , being Twins . Cyprian , ( Greek ) a proper name of men , from Cypria one of the names of Venus . Cyprus , an Island in the Carpathian Sea , which was anciently dedicated to Venus , it is now under the Turks Dominion . Cyrenaica , a Countrey of Africa , called also Pentapolitana , because it contained these five Cities , Beronice , Arsinoe , Ptolemais , Apollonia and Cyrene . Cyrus , the son of Cambyses and Mandana , he was King of Persia , overthrew the Assyrian Monarchy , conquered all Asia , but was at length overcome and slain by Thomyris , Queen of Scythia , who causing his head to be cut off , and cast into a tub of bloud , cried out , now satisfie thy self with bloud , after which thou hast alwayes thirsted . Cystick , ( Greek ) belonging to the bag of Gall , which is call'd Cystis , Cystick vein signifieth in Anatomy a branch of the Port vein , which ascendeth up to the neck of the Gall , and there divideth it self . Cyzicus , an Island in the Propontis , joyned to the continent with two bridges , having a Citie in it of the same name . D DAae , a people of that part of Scythia , which is called Nomades , mentioned by Virgil in his eight book of Aeneids . Dabuze , a kinde of weapon carried before the Grand Signor , in the nature of our Mace. Dacia , a Countrey of Scythia Europaea , which at this day is divided into Transilvania , Zypserland , the seven Campes , Ruscia , Servia , and Bulgaria . Dactyle , ( Greek ) the fruit of the Palm-tree , a Date , also a foot in verse , consisting of one long syllable , and two short , also a finger . Dactylogy , ( Greek ) a discoursing by signs made with the finger . Daedalus , a famous Artist , who made the famous Labyrinth in Crete , into which he was shut up himself with his son Icarus , for having made a woodden Heifer , in which Pasiphae was injoyed by Jupiter in the shape of a Bull , but he making artificial wings for himself and his son , flew out of Crete into Sardinia , but Icarus soaring too high , melted the wax and fell into the sea . Daemoniack , ( Greek ) possessed with a Devil , or evil spirit . Doemonologie , ( Greek ) a discourse of Angels , Spirits , or Devils . Daff , ( old word ) a Coward , or a Dastard . Daffadill , a kinde of flowr , otherwise called Narcissus . A Dagg , a Pistoll , so called from the Dacians , who first used them . Dagswain , a rough , or course mantle . D' alanson , the name of an ancient and Noble Family in Lincolnshire , commonly called by contraction Dallison . Dalmatian Dap , a flour , otherwise called a Tulip , because it was brought from Tulippa , a Promontory of Dalmatia , which is a part of Illyricum , a Countrey of Greece . Dalmatick , a kinde of vestment worn by the Priests , so called also from Dalmatia , where it was first made . Dalrendini , the ancient name of a certain people of Scotland , so called from Renda an Irish Captain , who conquered those parts . Damascus , the chief Citie of Syria , whence we have our best sort of Pruines , which are called Damask Pruines , or Damasines . Dammage , a Term in Common-law , any hurt , or hinderan●e that a man taketh in his estate , also a part of that the Jurors are to enquire of passing for the Plaintiffe , in a civil action . Dammage fesant , in Common-law , is , when a strangers beasts are in another mans ground , and there feed without Licence of the Tenant , spoiling the Grasse , or Corn , in which case the Tenant may impound them . Dammask , a kinde of fine stuffe , first made in the Citie of Damascus . Damnation , ( lat . ) a condemning , or giving sentence . Damocrita , a Roman Matron , whose husband Alcippus being banish't , and she forbid to follow him , and her daughters prohibited marriage that his race might be extinct , she in revenge when the chief women of the Citie were met in a house to sacrifice , set fire on the house , and when she saw people run to their aid , she first killed her daughters , then her self . Danae , the daughter of Acrisius , King of Argos , see Acrisius . Danaus , the son of Belus , and brother of Aegyptus , he was King of Argos , and from him the Greeks were called Danai . Dancett , is much like indented , but differs from it , in regard the lines are deeper and wider . Dandelion , a kind of plant , vulgarly called Pissebeds . Dandruff , a kind of scruff or small scales , sticking to the skin of the head , which look like brann . Daneguilt , from Dane and gelt , which signifies money ; It was a tribute anciently laid upon our Ancestors by the Danes , of 12 pence for every hide of land thorough the Realm . Dangwallet , Excessive , quasi making the wallet to dangle down . Dania , a Country of Europe , almost invironed with the northern Ocean , bordering upon Saxony , and is now called Denmark . Daniel , ( Hebr. ) judgement of God. Danisme , ( Greek ) Usury . Dank , moist , from the Dutch word Dampight . Danmonii , the ancient name of a people in old time inhabiting that part of this Island now called Cornwal and Devonshire . Dantiscum , a famous Mart Town in Poland called Dantz●●k . Danwort , a kind of plant called dwarf-elder , in French Hieble from Hybla a mountain of Sicily , where it chiefely grows . Danubius , or Ister , the greatest River in Europe , which rising from the mountain Arnoba , runneth through many Countries . It is now called the Danow . Daphne , the daughter of Peneus , she flying from Apollo who became in love with her for her beauty , was turned into a Laurel-tree . Daphnomancy , ( Greek ) a divination by Laurels . Dapper , fine , neat , spruice , from an old Latin word Toper , i. e. swift , or the Duch word Dapfer , stout , agil , or else from Dapifer , which signifies in Latin a sewer , or he that serves up the first dish at a Feast . Darby , the chief Town of Darbyshire , so called by contraction form Derwentby , because it standeth upon the River Derwent ; the Town was won in old time by Ethelfleda that victorious Lady of the Mercians , from the Danes , of whom she made a very great slaughter . Darcy's , or Adrecy's , the name of an ancient Family of Barons in Lincolnshire , descended from Norman de Adrecy , or Darcy de Nocton , who lived in great favour and esteem with Henry the third . Dardanus , the son of Jupiter , and Electra , who having killed his brother Jasius , fled to Samothrace , afterwards he went into Asia , where he built Dardanum or Troy. Darick , a kind of ancient coin bearing the value of two shillings , which had upon it the Image of Darius . Darius , a King of Persia ; there were several of that name , whereof the last was Darius Codomannus , who was overcome by Alexander the Great . Darnel , cockle-weed , from the Dutch word Deren , to hurt . Darrein , from the French word Dernier , i. e. last , as Darrein , presentment , last presentment . Darreighn , ( old word ) an attempt . Dartos one of the membranes that involve the stones . Darford or Darenford , a Town in Kent , so called from the River Daren , where K. Edward the third built a Nunnery , which was afterward converted into a Royal Palace . Datary , an office in Rome , for the collation of Ecclesiastical Benefices . Date , the fruit of Palm-tree , also the day of the moneth or year , wherein any Letter is written . Datism , ( Greek ) an often rehearsal of the same thing by a heaping of synonyma's together , from Datis a Satrape of Greece , the Dative Case , the third of the 6 Cases in Grammar , used in actions of giving or attributing . Davenport , or by contraction Damport , a Town in Cheshire , which gave name to an ancient Family so called . David , ( Hebr. ) beloved . Daunsette , a term in Heraldry , being almost the same with a line indented , but onely it is deeper and wider . Dantry , the name of a very ancient Fami●y in Sussex , stiled in Latin Records de Alta ripa . Day , signifieth in law , a day in bank before ordinary Judges , wherein the party should appear and plead ; as for the Astronomical and Political distinction of dayes and the parts thereof , see Macrobius and Censorinus . D E Dea bona , or Good Goddesse , a name attributed by the old Heathen to the Earth , whom they worshipped as a Goddesse ; she was also called Ops Fatua , and Fauna , the Poets feign that being drunk with a wine made of Myrtle-berries , called Myrtidanum , she was whipt to death by her husband Faunus with Myrtle twiges . Dea viri-placa , a certain Goddesse a-among the ancient Romans , in whose Chappel man and wife , after they had fallen out , were reconciled again . Deacon , ( from the Greek Diaconus , a minister or servant ) is an officer of the Church that is appointed to distribute alms to the poor . Deadpledge , land or moveables pawned for money , which is to be the Creditours for ever , if the money be not repaid at the time agreed on ; it is also called Mortgage . Deadwater , the eddy water at the stern of a ship . Dean , an Ecclesiastical Magistrate that hath power over ten Canons , and those which have a jurisdiction assigned them by the Bishop over other Ministers and Parishes near adjoyning , are called Deans rurall . Deauration , ( lat . ) a gilding over . Debaucherie , or Desbo●cherie , ( French ) riot , disorderly revelling . Debellation , ( lat . ) a overcoming in war or duell . De bene esse , a term used in Common law , as when a Defendants deposition is onely allowed of for the present , but after more full examination , is either to stand or fall . Debet , & solet , a Writ of right , which hath those words in it as formal words not to be omitted when a man sueth for a thing now first of all denied him , and which hath been injoyed by his Ancestors , as suit to a Mill , or common of Pasture , or the like . Debilitation , ( lat . ) a making weak or feeble . Debito , a Writ which lieth where a man oweth money upon obligation , or bargain for any thing sold. Debonairity , ( French ) curtesie , mildnesse , also sprightlinesse . Debosherie , or deboistnesse , see Debaucherie . Decade , ( Greek ) the number of ten . Decadency , ( lat . ) a declining or falling down . Decagon , ( Greek ) a term in Fortification and Geometry , signifying a figure of ten Angles . Decalogue , ( Greek ) the ten Commandments imparted to the Jews from God by Moses . Decameron , ( Greek ) a book of Fables , written by Boccace , so called because it is divided into ten parts or books . Decapit●●ion , ( lat . ) a beheading . Decapolis , a Country of Syria , so called because it contained 10 Cities . December , one of the 12 moneths so called as being the tenth from March. Decempedal , ( lat . ) ten foot long . Decemtales , a law-term , being a supply of ten men empannelled upon a Jury , and not appearing , which are to be like in reputation to those that were empanneld . Decemvirates , ( lat . ) the Decemvir● which were ten Noble men among the Romans , chosen to govern the Common-wealth in place of the two Consuls , until the laws were fully establisht . Decennial , ( lat . ) lasting , or being of the age of 10 years . Deception , ( lat . ) deceit , fraud , or beguiling . Deceptione , a Writ that lieth against him , that deceitfully doth any thing in the name of another for him that receiveth damage thereby . Decerption , ( lat . ) a cropping off , or pulling away . Decertation , ( lat . ) a striving for any thing . Decession , ( lat . ) a going away , or departing . Decies tantum , a Writ that lieth against a juror that taketh money for the giving of his verdict , wherein there is recoverable ten times so much as he took . The Decimal chain , a certain Mathematical Instrument for the measuring of land , which is to be divided into ten equal parts , each of which containeth about 19 in length . Decimation , ( lat . ) a gathering tithes , also a punishing every tenth man by lot . De decimis solvendis , &c. a Writ which formerly lay against those that had farmed the Priors aliens lands of the King. Deciners , or Doziners , such as were wont to have the check of ten Friburgs for the maintenance of the peace , the limits of whose jurisdiction was called Decenna . Decision , ( lat . ) a determining of any businesse or controversie . The Deck of a Ship , the floor of planks on which the Ordnance is plac'd . Declamation , ( lat . ) a crying out against any thing , also an Oration made onely for exercise . Declaration , ( lat . ) a shewing forth , also in Common law it is the shewing in writing the grief of the Demandant or Plaintife against the Tenent or Defendant , wherein he supposeth to have received wrong . Declension , or Declination , ( lat . ) a declining or bowing down ; also in Grammar , it signifieth the varying of Cases and Tenses in Nounes and Verbs . In Astrology , the declination of a Planet is his distance from the equator , and as he declines from thence , either northward or southward , so is his declination nominated either north or south . Declinator , a Mathematical Instrument , to take the declinations of the Planets . Declivity , ( lat . ) a bending downwards , a steepnesse . Decollation , ( lat . ) a beheading . Decoction , ( lat . ) a boiling away ; it is applyed chiefely to medicinable things , as herbs , roots , &c. Deconate , vide Faces . Decoration , ( lat . ) an adorning or decking . Decortication , ( lat . ) a pulling off the outward rind or bark . Decorum , ( lat . ) good grace , order , decency . Decrees , or Decretals , a volume of the Canon law , composed by Gratian a Monk of the Order of St. Benedict . Decrement , ( lat . ) a decreasing . Decrepit , ( lat . ) weak and impotent with age . Decress●nt , ( lat . ) the waining or decreasing Moon . Decrustation , ( lat . ) a taking away the uppermost rind or crust of any thing . Decum●ence , ( lat . ) a lying down . Decumbiture , is when a man is so violently taken with a disease , that he is forced to take his bed ; and it is properly taken from the first lying down of the diseased , and from this the Crisis is to be gathered . Decuple , ( lat . ) tenfold . Decurion , ( lat . ) the chief of a Decuria , which signifieth a Band of ten souldiers , or a company of ten Senators ; also an Alderman or Burgesse of a City . Decussation , ( lat . ) a cutting acrosse , or in the form of a figure of ten . Decussion , ( lat . ) a shaking off . Dedecoration , ( lat . ) a disgracing or dishonouring . Dedentition , ( lat . ) a shedding of teeth . Dedignation , ( lat . ) a disdaining . Dedimus potestatem , a Writ whereby commission is given to a private man for the speeding of some act appertaining to a Judge , it is called by the Civilians , delegation . Dedition , ( lat . ) a rendring up , Deeds , signifie in Common law writings that contain the effect of a contract between man and man , which the Civilians call literarum obligatio . Deep seeline , a small line with which Seamen sound in deep waters to finde ground . Defaillance , ( French ) a failing or defect . Defatigation , ( lat . ) a making weary . Defaulking , ( French ) an abating , or cutting off : It is called in Latin defalcation . Defeasance , or defeisance , signifieth in Common law , a condition annexed to an act , obligation , or recognisance , which being performed , the act , &c. is made void . Defecation , ( lat . ) a refining or cleansing from the dregs Defection , ( lat . ) a failing , also a revolting or falling away . Defeisance , or Defeasance . Defendant , is in Common law , he that is sued in an action personal , as Tenant is he who is sued in an action real . Defendimus , a word used in Enfeofment or Donation , binding the Donour and his heirs to defend the Donee . Defendour of the Faith , a Title heretofore proper to the King of England , as Most Christian to the King of France , Catholick to the King of Spain . It was first given by Pope Leo the tenth . Defensative , a term in Physick , a Medicine which diverts the humours from the place affected . Deficiency , ( lat . ) a want or failing . Definition , ( lat . ) an explication or unfolding of the essence of a thing by its genus and difference . Deflection , ( lat . ) a turning away , also a bending down . Defloration , ( lat . ) a ravishing , or deflowring . Defluxion , ( lat . ) a flowing downward , also in physick it is taken for a falling down of humours to any part of the body . Deformity , ( lat . ) ugglinesse . Deforsour , in Common-law , is one that casteth another out of possession by force , whereas Disseisour is he that doth it without force . Defray , to make free , also to pay anothers charges , from the Dutch word freshen . Defunct , ( lat . ) dead . Degenerate , ( lat . ) to fall from a more noble to a baser kinde , to go aside from the vertues of ones Ancestors . Deglutination , ( lat . ) an unglueing . Deglutition , ( lat . ) a greedy devouring , in physick it is taken for a powr of the animal faculty , which makes us swallow our meat and drink with an appetite . Degradation , ( lat . ) a casting out from any Dignity , or Office. Degree , ( French ) a step , or stair , or by Metaphor any state , or condition , which is as it were an ascending , or descending from one step to another , in Astronomy it is the 30th . part of any of the twelve signs , in physick and chymistry it is the intensnesse , or remisnesse of the hot , or cold quality of any thing . Dehortation , ( lat . ) a disswading . Deianira , the daughter of Oeneus , King of Etolia , she was first espoused to Ache●●us , afterwards to Hercules , and being to passe over the River Evenus , Nessus the Centaure offered his service to carry her over , but as soon as he was on the farther side , he attempted to ravish her , whereupon Hercules shot at him with a poysoned arrow ; Nessus perceiving he had received his deaths wound , he to be revenged presented Deianira with a shirt dipt in his own bloud , telling her , that if her husband wore it , it would draw his affections from all other women , which she believing gave it to Hercules , but the shirt sticking to his body so burnt his flesh that to avoide the torment , he threw himself into a flaming pyle , and Deianira for grief slew her self . Dejeration , ( lat . ) a taking a solemn oath . Deifie , ( lat . ) to make a God of one . Deipho●us , the son of Priamus and Hecuba , who caused Paris to be slain by treachery and married his wife Helena . Deipnosophists , ( Greek ) a company of wise-men discoursing at supper . Deis , ( old word ) a seat . Deity , ( lat . ) Divinity , or Godhead . Delamere , a Forrest in Cheshire , whereof the Dawns of Vskinton were , by the gift of Ranulph the first Earle of Chester , made Forresters by Hereditary succession ; in this Forrest Aedelfleda the Mercian Lady built a Town called Eadelbury , i. e. the happy Town , which now being nothing but a heap of rubbish , is called the Chamber in the Forrest . Delatour , ( lat . ) an accuser , or informer . A Delegate , ( lat . ) he that executes judgement in the place of a Civil , or Ecclesiastical Judge . Deletion , ( lat . ) a blotting out . Delgovitia , the name of an ancient Town in York-shire , which stood as some think in that place where now Wighton is . Delibation , ( lat . ) a sacrificing , also a tasting . Deliberation , ( lat . ) a consulting , or debating . Delict , ( lat . ) an offence , or crime . Delineation , ( lat . ) a drawing the first draught of a Picture . A Delinquent , ( lat . ) one that hath committed an offence , or crime . Deliration , ( lat . ) a doating , or being besides ones senses . Delos , an Island in the Aegean Sea , the chiefest of the Cyclades , where Apollo and Diana were born , whence they were called the Delian Twins . Delph , is an abatement placed in the middle of an Escocheon , proper to him that revoketh his own challenge , and eateth his own words . Delphos , a Town of Phocis in Greece , famous for the Temple and Oracle of Apollo . Deltoton , ( Greek ) a constellation of stars , resembling the figure of a Greek delta . Delusion , ( lat . ) a deceiving , or beguiling . Deluge , ( French ) an inundation , or overflowing of waters . Demand , in Common-law , is opposite to plaint , for in pursuit of civil actions , if they be real actions , the pursuer is called demandant , if personal , plaintiffe . Demeasne , or Demain , ( French ) by the Civilians called Dominicum , is that land , which a man holdeth originally of himself , whereas feodum are those , which he holdeth by the benefit of a Superiour . Demetrius , the name of several famous Kings in Asia , who succeeded Alexander , the word signifieth belonging to Ceres , who in Greek is called Demeter . Demi , ( lat . ) joyned with another word , signifieth half as Demi-God , &c. Demin , ( old word ) a Judge . Demise , ( lat . ) to farm , or let . Demission , ( lat . ) a casting down , or abasement . Democracy , ( Greek ) a Government wherein the Magistrates are chosen from among the people , and by the people . Democritus , a famous Philosopher born at Abdera , he thought the world to be composed of Atomes , and that he might the better contemplate upon natural causes , and not be taken off with any outward objects , he put out his eyes with a burning bason , his father was a man of so great riches , that he feasted Xerxes and all his Army . Demolition , ( lat . ) a casting down , or ruinating . † Demonachation , ( French ) an expelling from the Monkish order , also a forsaking of the same . Demoniack , see Daemoniack . Demonstration , ( lat . ) a shewing , or making plain . Demoph●n , the son of Theseus and Phaedra , he was driven by Tempest upon the shore of Thrace , and married Phillis , the daughter of Lycurgus , but Theseus dying , he took the government of Athens upon him , and forgetting Phillis , she for grief hanged her self upon an Almond-tree . Demosthenes , a famous Oratour among the Greeks , who was banish't by Philip of Macedon , and at last poysoned himself to avoid the fury of Antipater . Demur , signifieth in Common-law a kinde of pause upon any point of difficulty . Denariata terrae , the fourth part of an Acre of Land , it is also called farding-deal , or a farundel of Land. Denary , ( lat . ) the number of 10. also the same as Deneer . Denbigh , the chief Town of Denbighshire , called by the Britains Cled Fryn-yn Rosse , i. e. a rough Hill in Rosse , for so that part of Wales was anciently named . Deneer , a kinde of Coper Coyn , which values about the tenth part of a penny . Denelage , the Law of the Danes , by which a third part of England was governed before the Conquest . Denis , a proper name , contracted from Dionysius , which some fetch from Dios nous , i. e. Divine minde , the chief of this name was St. Denis , the great Saint of France , it is also a womans name contracted from Diana . Deneck , ( Arab. ) the tayl of the Swan . Deneck elected , ( Arab. ) the tayl of the Lion. Deneck Alihedi , ( Arab. ) the bowing of the back , or doubling of the tayl of the Goat . Denizon , quasi Danes son , or from the French word donaison , an endowing , and signifieth in Common-law an Alien that is Infranchised by the Princes Charter , whereby he is made capable of any Office , or of purchasing Land , but it cometh short of Naturalization , because a stranger naturalised may inherit by descent . Dennington , a Castle in Bark-shire , built by Sir Richard de Aberbury , it was once the Residence of the Poet Chaucer , afterwards of Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolk . Denomination , ( lat . ) a giving a name , from any occasion . Dense , thick , opposed to rare by the Philosopher , and that body is said to be dense , where the substance is more , and the quantity lesse . Density , ( lat . ) thicknesse . Dent , a Term in Blazon , as a bordure dent , or indented is , when the line of which the border is made is indented in , and out like the teeth of a saw . Dentifrice , ( lat ) a certain powder made up into a consistence , wherewith to rub the teeth . Dentisscalp , ( lat . ) a tooth-picker , or tooth-scraper . Dentition , ( lat . ) a putting forth , or breeding of teeth . Denudation , ( lat . ) a making bare , or naked . Denuntiation , ( lat . ) a proclaiming , or denouncing . De●dand , a thing devoted , and consecrated to the service of God , to expiate some eminent hurt , or mischief it hath done . De Deoneranda pro rato portionis , a Writ that lieth where a man is distrained for Rent that ought to be paid by others , proportionably with himself . Deosculation , ( lat . ) a kissing with eagernesse . Departer , a Term in Law , signifying , he that pleading one thing at first in barre of an action , and being replied thereunto , doth in his rejoynder , shew another matter contrary to his first plea ; also departers of Gold or Silver , are those that purifie , and part those mettals from the courser sort : they are also called parters and finers . Departure in despite of the Court , is when the Tenet or Defendant appeareth to the action brought against him , and hath a day over in the same term and does not appear but makes default ; it is called a departure in spight of the Court. Depauperation , ( lat . ) a making poor . Depeculation , ( lat . ) a publick theevery , or stealing from the Common-wealth . Depend , ( lat . ) to stay or rely upon . Depford , a famous shipdock in Kent , where the ships for the Kings Navy use to be built . It was anciently called West-Greenwich , and at the Conquest of England was given to Cislebert Mammignot , one of William the Conquerours Souldiers . Depilation , ( lat . ) a making bare of hairs , a making bald . Deploration , ( lat . ) a mourning for , or bewailing . Deplume , ( lat . ) to strip off feathers . Deponent , in Grammar , signifieth a Verb which hath a passive termination , and an active signification ; also in Common law it is he who deposeth or layeth down any matter upon oath . Depopulation , ( lat . ) a spoiling or unpeopling of any Country . Deportation , ( lat . ) a carrying away . Deportment , ( French ) carriage , comportment or behaviour . Depositum , ( lat . ) a pledge in feoffee or trust . Depravation , ( lat . ) a spoiling , corrupting , or making nought . Depraedation , ( lat . ) a preying upon , a taking away by force . Deprecation , ( lat . ) a diverting Gods judgements by prayer , a praying against any calamity . Deprehension , ( lat . ) a catching , or taking unawares . Depression , ( lat . ) a pressing downward , also an humbling . Deprivation , ( lat . ) a bereaving or taking away . Depromption , ( lat . ) a bringing out . Depudication , ( lat . ) a vitiating or corrupting . Depulsion , ( lat . ) a driving from . Deputy , a Lieutenant , one that governs in the place of another . Dequace , ( old word ) to dash . Deradiation , ( lat . ) a casting forth of ray's or beames . Dere , ( old word ) to hurt . Dereliction , ( lat . ) an utter forsaking . Derein , from the French word Desranger , or the Norman word Desrene , signifieth the proof of an action which a man affirmeth that he hath done , and his adversary denies . Derham , in the Saxon tongue Deorham , a Town in Glostershire , where Ceaulin the Saxon King slew 3 Princes of the Britains , Commeail , Condidan , and Fariemeiol , and utterly subdued the Nation . Deric , a proper name of a man , it being a word contracted from Theoderic . Derision , ( lat . ) a scorning or laughing at . Derivation , ( lat . ) a drawing or taking , it is used in Grammar for the deriving of any word from its original ; also in Physick it is taken for a drawing of the humour from one part of the body to another . Dertmouth , a Port Town in Devonshire , which in former times Mounsieur de Castel a French Pirate going about to invade , was by the Country people intercepted and slain . Derogation , ( lat . ) a lessening or detracting from the worth of any thing , or any person . Deruncination , ( lat . ) a taking away weeds , or any thing that molesteth . Derbices , a people of Asia , inhabiting near the mountain Caucasus , who strangle their kindred as soon as they arrive at the age of 70 years , and eat their flesh , inviting their neighbours to the Feast . And this they hold to be the most noble kind of burial . Derceto , the name of a certain Goddesse anciently worshipped at Askalon , her forepart representing the shape of a woman , her hinder part the shape of a fish . Dercyllidas , a famous Lacedemonian Commander , who succeeded Thymbron , he took Larissa , Amaxitos , and Colona , and gained divers victories over the Persians . Dervises , an Order of religious persons among the Turks . Descalsas , ( Spanish ) a sort of Fryars in Spain that go barelegged . Descant , called in Latin frequentamentum vocis , in French fredon , is a term in Musick , signifying the answering of quick notes in one part , unto a slower measure in the other parti Descent , ( lat . ) a coming down , also a deriving ones pedigree . Description , ( lat . ) a setting forth the nature or property of any thing . Descry , from the French word cry or clamour , to discover afar off . Desection , ( lat . ) a cutting or mowing down . Desert , a Wildernesse or solitary place , from the Latin word deserere , to forsake , but with the accent in the last syllable , it signifieth merit from the French word deservir . Desertion , ( lat . ) a forsaking or abandoning . Desiccation , ( lat . ) a drying up . Desidery , from the Latin desiderium , desire or lust . It is a word used by Chaucer . Designation , or Design , ( Lat. and French ) a purposing or contriving . Designers , see Deciners . Desidious , ( lat . ) negligent , lazy , sluggish . Desipience , ( lat . ) foolishnesse , indiscretion ; also in Physick it is taken for the dotage of a sick person . Desist , ( lat . ) to leave off , to cease . Deslavy , leacherous beastly , a word used by Chaucer . Desmonia , a County in Ireland , anciently inhabited by the Vellabri and Iberni ; It is vulgarly called Desmond . Desolation , ( lat . ) a lonelinesse or lying waste . Despection , ( lat . ) a casting ones eyes downward . Desperation , ( lat . ) a despairing or giving over . Despicable , ( lat . ) lyable to contempt , or to be despised . Despoliation , ( lat . ) a robbing or spoiling . Despondency , ( lat . ) a dejection of spirit , or despairing . Desponsation , ( lat . ) a betrothing , a giving in marriage . Despote , ( Greek ) a great Title heretofore among the Greeks , being as much as chief Lord or Governour of a Country . Despotical dominion , the power of a Master over his servant . Despumation , ( lat . ) a taking off the scum or froth . Destination , ( lat . ) an appointing or ordaining as it were by destiny . Destiny , Fate ; the three Destinies , the three fatal Sisters . See Atropos . Destitution , ( lat . ) an utter forsaking or deserting . Destruction , ( lat . ) a destroying , or undoing . Desuetude , ( lat . ) a desisting from any custom or use . Desultorious , ( lat . ) given to vaulting . Detection , ( lat . ) a revealing , or laying open . Detention , ( lat . ) a detaining or withholding . † Deterioration , ( lat . ) a making worse . Determination , ( lat . ) a purposing or intending . Deterred , ( lat . ) frighted , discouraged . Detestation , ( lat . ) a detesting or abhorring . Detinue , ( French ) a Writ that lieth against him who having goods or chattels delivered him to keep , refuseth to deliver them again . Detorsion , ( lat . ) a wresting away . Detraction , ( lat . ) a drawing away , also a slandering . Detriment , ( lat . ) hurt or dammage . Detrition , ( lat . ) a wearing away . Detrusion , ( lat . ) a thrusting a way . Detruncation , ( lat . ) a cutting off a limb or branch . Devastation , ( lat . ) a laying waste . Devastaverunt bona testatoris , a Writ lying against Executors for paying of Legacies without specialties before the debt upon the said specialties be due . Deucaledonians , a certain people inhabiting in old times the Western parts of Scotland ; They were vulgarly called Picts . Deucalion , the son of Prometheus , he with his wife Pyrrha the daughter of Epimetheus , were saved in the universal Deluge , being carried in a ship to the top of Pernassus and consulting the Oracle of Themis what way they should take to restore mankind , and being told they should throw the bones of their first mother behind them , they took stones out of the earth , and cast them behind them . Those which Deucalion cast became men , and those whic Pyrrha cast became women . Devest , ( lat . ) signifieth in Common Law to deprive of a possession . Devils-bit , a kind of plant whose root looks as if it were , and is fain'd to have been , bitten by the Devil out of envy , because of the many excellent virtues and properties it hath , wherewith mankinde is benefitted . Developed , ( French ) unfolded . Deviation , ( lat . ) a turning aside out of the way . Devirgination , ( lat . ) a deflouring , or depriving of Virginity . Devise , in Common-law , is , where a man in his will bequeaths his goods , or his lands , to another after his decease , and he , to whom the lands , or goods are bequeathed , is called the devisee , devise also signifieth a Motto , or conceit in a Coat of Arms , or Picture , and is also called an Imprese . Deumo , an Idol adored by the East Indians of Calicut . Devoir , ( French ) duty , Devoirs of Caleis , were the customs due to the King for Merchandize brought to , or carried thence when our staple was there . Devolution , ( lat . ) a rolling down , a falling from one to another . Devote , ( lat . ) vowed or consecrate to God. Devotion , ( lat . ) a vowing , or consecrating ; also piety , religiousnesse . Deusan , any kind of hard fruit that lasteth ▪ long , so called from durare , to last . Deuteronomy , ( Greek ) a Book written by Moses , signifying the second Law , being the fifth Book in the Holy Scriptures . Dew , is generated of a most thin cold vapour , onely exhal'd so high by the Sun as to keep it up in the air ; but when he withdrawes himself from our Hemisphear , it falleth down again in round drops , and is by the coldnesse of the air congealed resolved into water . Dewlap , called in Latin paleare , the skin which hangeth down under the throat of an oxe . Dexterity , ( lat . ) nimblenesse , readiness , agility . Dexter aspect , is contrary to the succession of the Signs . Dexter point , a term in Heraldry , being that place in an Escutch●on that hath its beginning near the right corner , in the chief thereof . D I Diabetical , ( Greek ) a term in Physick signifying troubled with the Diabetes , which is a disease wherein a mans water runneth from him without any stay . Diabolical , ( Greek ) devillish . Diacatholicon , a certain Medicine or physical Composition . Diachylon , a Plaister composed of juices whose office is to soften and concoct . Diaconal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Servant , Minister , or Deacon . Diademe , ( Greek ) a wreathed hatband , also a Kings Crown . Diaeresis , ( Greek ) a figure whereby one syllable is divided into two . Diagnostic , ( Greek ) thoroughly knowing or discerning in Physick . Diagnostic signs of a disease , are those signs which at present are apparent . Diagonal , ( Greek ) a term in Geometry , signifying a line in a quadrangle which passeth from one corner to another . Diagram , ( Greek ) a Geometrical figure , also a certain form described in demonstrative sciences , also a proportion of measures in Musick distinguished by Notes . Diagraphical , ( Greek ) belonging to to the art of painting , or graving . Dialect , ( Greek ) a propriety of speech , or difference of pronunciation peculiar to each several Countrey , as in Greece heretofore there were the Attick , Dorick , Ionick , and Aeolick Dialects , or Idiom's ; it is also the art of Logick . Diallel lines , ( Greek ) lines running crosse , and cutting one another . Dialogisme , ( Greek ) a figure wherein a man reasoneth , and discourseth with himself as it were with another . Dialogue , ( Greek ) a written discourse wherein two parties are brought in talking together . Diameter , ( Greek ) a Geometrical word , signifying a streight line drawn through the middle , or Center of any figure . Diamond , a sort of precious stone , called also Adamant , so hard , that it is not to be softned by any thing but Goats bloud , it cometh from the Greek word Adamas , untamable . Diana , the daughter of Jupiter and Latona , brought forth at one birth with Apollo , she , that she might keep her Virginity fled into the Woods , and addicted her self wholly to hunting , whereupon she was called the Goddesse of the Woods . Diapasme , ( Greek ) a Pomander , or perfume made of dry powders , which is used upon several occasions . Diapason , ( Greek ) an eight , or the most perfect concord in Musick . Diaper , a kinde of linnen cloath , which is wrought with flourishes , and divers sorts of figures . Diaperd , a bordure in Heraldry is properly said to be Diapred , where it is fretted all over , and hath something quick or dead appearing within the frets . Diapering , in painting , is an overrunning your work after it is quite finish't with branches , or other work . Diaphanous , ( Greek ) transparent , or that may be seen through , or pierced through by the Sun beams . Diaphony , ( Greek ) a harsh sound , a sound which maketh a discord . Diaphoretick , ( Greek ) easily piercing through , a word used in physick , and signifies a Medicine that discusses any humour by concoction , or transpiration . Diaphragme , ( Greek ) a fence , or hedge , in Anatomy it signifieth a skin , or muscle which passeth overthwart the body , seperating the breast , or middle region from the stomack , or lower region . Diarrhaea , ( Greek ) a flux of the belly without any inflammation of the Entrailes . Diastole , ( Greek ) a figure whereby a syllable short by nature is made long , also in physick , it is taken for that motion of the pulses , which dilates the heart and the arteries , being contrary to Systole , which contracts them . Diarie , a Diurnal , or Day-book , wherein the passages of every day are written . Diatesseron , ( Greek ) one of the chief Chords in Musick , called a fourth , also a plaister that consists but of foure ingredients . Diatribe , ( Greek ) a place where Orato●ns , or Disputations are held . Dibble , a two forked instrument , wherewith they set Herbs in a Garden . Dicacity , ( lat . ) a taunting , or mocking . Dicearch , ( Greek ) a just Governour , or Prince . Dication , or Dedication , ( lat . ) a promising , devoting , or consecrating . Dichotomy , ( Greek ) a cutting in two pieces , a dividing a speech , or discourse into two parts . Dicker , a quantity of leather , containing ten Hides . Dictate , ( lat . ) to tell any one what they are to write . Dickins , a contraction from Devilkins , or little Devils . Dictator , ( lat . ) a great Commander among the Romans , who had the chief authority for the time being , both in war and peace ; he was never chosen but upon some great occasion , and his command was to last but half a year . Dictionary , ( lat . ) called in Greek a Lexicon , a Book wherein hard words and names are mentioned and unfolded . Dictum , the ancient name of a City in Caernarvonshire , now called Diganway . Dictynna , a name attributed to Diana , who flying from Minos , she cast her self into certain nets which are called Dictya . Didapper , a kind of bird , so called from the Greek word Diadyptein , to duck under water . Dido , the daughter of Belus , King of the Tyrians , she was married to Sichaeus Priest of Hercules , whom Pygmalion slew that he might obtain his riches ; but she gathering all the wealth she could together , fled into Africa , and there built a City which was first called Byrsa , afterwards Carthage , and refusing to marry Iarbas King of Getulia , because he went about to force her by war , she killed her self . Others say , it was because falling in love with Aeneas who was driven by tempest on her coast , he refused to marry her . Didram , an ancient coin valueing fifteen pence . Diem clausit extremum , a Writ that lieth for the Heir of him that holdeth land of the Crown , either by Knights service , or in Soccage and dieth . It is directed to the Eschetour to inquire of what estate he was seized , and who is next Heir ; and this inquisition is to be returned into the Chancery . Dies datus , a respite given to the Tenent or Defendant before the Court. Diennial , ( lat . ) of two years continuance . Diespiter , quasi diei pater , a name attributed to Jupiter ; he is also called Lucetius , from Lux the light . Diet , in Greek diaita , from dais a banquet , signifieth a general convention of the German Peers to consult of the affairs of the Empire . Dieta rationabilis , a reasonable dayes journey ; a word used in the Civil Law. Dietetical , ( Greek ) belonging to a limited and proportionable diet . Diffamation , ( lat . ) a disgracing , a blemishing any ones good name . Diffarreation , ( lat . ) a solemnity anciently used among the Romans in the divorcement of man and wife . Differences , in Heraldry are extraordinary additions whereby bearers of the same Coat-armour , are distinguished each from others . Difficulty , ( lat . ) uneasinesse , hardnesse . Diffidence , ( lat . ) doubtfulnesse , mistrustfulnesse . Diffluence , ( lat . ) a flowing asunder , or several wayes . Diffusion , ( lat . ) a scattering or shedding abroad . Diffusion in Philosophy is the dilating of a substance into more parts . Digamma , ( Greek ) the Aeolic letter among the Greeks , like unto our letter F. Digestion , ( lat . ) a disposing , also a concocting of the meat in the stomack . Digests , in French Pandectes , a volume of the Civil Law ; so called because the legal precepts therein contained are so excellently disposed and digested . Dight , ( old word ) ready , adorned . Digit , a Character which expresseth a figure in Arithmatick , as a V. the figure of five , also the parts of an eclipse . Digitation , ( lat . ) a pointing with the fingers , also an expressing the form of the fingers . Digladiation , ( lat . ) a fighting , or disputing the matter with swords . Digne , from the Latin word dignus , neat , gentle , worthy . It is a word used by Chaucer . Dignity , ( lat . ) honour , reputation , advancement . Essential Dignities of the Planets are when Planets are in their own houses , exaltations , tripticities , and faces , how these are assigned to every Planet , see in Mr. Lillies Introduc . Fo. 104. Dignosce , ( lat . ) to know , or discern one from another . Digression , ( lat . ) a wandering out of the way , a going from the matter in hand . Dijudication , ( lat . ) a deciding a difference between two . Dike-grave , one that oversees the dikes and banks of the Low-Countries , that keeps the bankes from Inundation of the Sea. Dilaceration , ( lat . ) a rending or tearing asunder . Dilaniation , ( lat . ) a butchering or tearing in pieces . Dilapidation , ( lat . ) a taking away or ridding of stones , also a wasting . Dilatation , ( lat . ) a widening or laying at full length . Dilatatory , a Chirurgeons Instrument to widen any part that 's too much closed . Dilection , ( lat . ) a tender affection or love . Dilemma , ( Greek ) is called a horned syllogism , wherein both propositions are so framed , that neither can well be denied . Dilling , a child born when the Parents are old . Dilstone , otherwise called Divelstone , because it standeth upon the River Divelesburn , a Town in Northumberland where King Oswald slew Cedwalla the Brittish Tyrant . Dilucidation , ( lat . ) a making clear or plain . Dilution , ( lat . ) a purging or washing away ; also wine dilute signifieth wine that is mingled with water . Diluvial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Flood or Deluge . Dimention , ( lat . ) the just measure or proportion of any figure . In Geometry length breadth , and depth , are called the three dimensions . Dimetae , the ancient name of the people inhabiting that part of Wales which containeth those Countries now called Caermardenshire , Pembrokshire , and Cardiganshire . Dimication , ( lat . ) skirmishing or fightng . Dimidiation , ( lat . ) a dividing in the midst , a cutting into two halves . Dimocks ▪ an ancient Family in Cheshire . See Grand Sergeanty . Diminutive , ( lat . ) little , small ; in Grammar it is taken substantively for a word whose termination implies a littlenesse in respect of another thing that is bigger , as from tabula a table , comes tabella a little table or tablet . In Heraldry it is a blemishing or defacing of some particular point of the Escocheon by the imposition of some stain and colour thereon . In Architecture it signifies the lessening of a pillar by little and little , from the base to the top . Dioces , from the Greek word dioecesis a governing , signifieth the Ecclesiastical jurisdiction of a Bishop . Diogenes , a famous Philosopher , who lived in a tub which he rolled up and down from place to place ; he was for his churlish disposition and clownish conversation called the Cynic . Diomedes , the son of Tydeus , and Deiphile , and King of Aetolia , he was accounted one of the chiefest Hero's at the wars of Troy ; he brought away Rhesus his horses and the Palladium , he wounded Mars and Venus , fought with Hector and Aeneas , whom his mother Venus protected ; at length being ashamed to return home because of the whorish pranks of his wife Aegiale , he went into Apulia and had that Kingdom given him by Daunus . There was also another Diomed King of Thrace , who used to feed his horses with mans flesh ; but at last Hercules overcoming him , gave him to be devoured by his own horses . Dioptic art , that part of perspective which belongs to Astronomy , and by instruments searcheth out the distance of the Sun and other Stars , comprehending Nenitercapedines of Sun , Moon , and Stars . Dioptrical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Dioptra or Geometrical Quadrat . Diphthong , ( Greek ) two vowels clapt together into one Diple , a mark in the margent , to shew where a fault is to be corrected . Dipsas , a kind of Serpent whose biting brings a deadly thirst . Diptote , signifieth in Grammar a Nown that hath but two Cases . Dirce , see Amphion . Dire , ( lat . ) cruel , fell , unmerciful . Directory , ( lat . ) that which directeth , or putteth in the right way . Direction , a Planet is said direct , when it moveth in its natural course according to the direction of the Signs . Diremption , ( lat . ) a setting apart . Direption , ( lat . ) a snatching , or taking by force . Dirge , from the Latin word dirigere , prayers , or divine-service offered to God for the soul of the dead . Diribitory , from the old Latin word diribere , to distribute or divide , a place where souldiers are mustered and receive pay . Diruption , ( lat . ) a bursting asunder . Disalt , to disable . Disard , a doltish fellow from the French word disard , loquacious , or the Dutch word dwaesaerd , i. e. a man of a stupid wit. Disastre , ( French ) ill luck , derived from the evil influence of the Stars . Discent , in Common Law is an order whereby Lands are derived unto any man from his Ancestors . Disceptation , ( lat . ) a contentious disputing . Discern , ( lat . ) to perceive , to know one thing from another . Discerption , ( lat . ) a tearing in pieces . Descession , ( lat . ) a departing . Hair Discheveled , ( French ) loosely scattered out of order . Discinct , ( lat . ) ungirded , also carelesse . Discipline , ( lat . ) a teaching or instructing . Disciplinants , an Order of Religious men that scourge themselves . Disclamer , in Common Law is an expresse denial or refusal in standing out against any action . Discoloure , ( lat . ) of divers colours . Discomfiture , ( French ) a total routing or vanquishing an enemy . Disconsolate , ( lat . ) comfortlesse . Discontinuance , or Discontinuity , ( lat . ) an interruption or breaking off ; also in Common Law discontinuance of possession is this , that a man may not enter upon his own land being alienated , but must bring his Writ , and seek to recover possession by Law. Discordance , ( lat . ) a disagreement , jarring , or being out of tune ; for in Musick those Notes are called discords which make harsh and unpleasing sounds , as seconds , fourths , sevenths , &c. Discrepance , ( lat . ) a differing or varying one from another . Discretion , ( lat . ) a separating or distinguishing ; also wisdom , prudence , because it teacheth us how to make a right distinction of things . Discrimination , ( lat . ) a putting a difference between one thing and another . Discumbence , ( lat . ) a sitting or lying down to eat , it being a custom among the Ancients to lie down upon the ground and eat . Discure , to discover , a word used by Chaucer . Discursion , ( lat . ) a running to and fro . Discussion , ( lat . ) a shaking off , or into pieces ; also a searching narrowly into a businesse . To Disembogue , ( Spanish ) to come out of the mouth of a River or Haven . Disfranchize , to exclude ▪ out of the number of Citizens or free-Denisons . Disgrading , a depriving a Clergy-man of his orders , who being delivered to his ordinary , cannot purge himself of the crime whereof he was convicted by the Jury . Disgregation , ( lat . ) a scattering , or separating . Disguise , ( French ) to put into another guise or form . Disgust , ( lat . ) to distaste . Disherit , or Disinherit , ( French ) to put out of possession . Disjunction , ( lat . ) a severing or disjoyning . Dislocation , ( lat . ) a putting out of its right place . Dislodge , a term in hunting , applyed to a Buck , when you first raise him Disloyalty , ( French ) unfaithfulnesse , perfidiousnesse . Dismantle , ( French ) to take off a cloak or mantle , but by metaphor , it is taken for to beat down the walls of a Fortresse . Dism●s , ( French ) tithes , or the tenth part of all the fruits being consecrate to God , and consequently to be paid unto those who take upon them holy Orders . Dismission , ( lat . ) a sending away . Dispansion , ( lat . ) a spreading both wayes . Disparagement , ( Ital. ) a disgracing , or undervalueing ; In Common Law it is used for the marrying of an Heir or Heiresse under their degree , or against decency . Some derive it from the Latin words dispar and ago , it being as it were a doing that which is disagreable . Disparates , ( lat . ) a term in Logick , signifying things which are different from one another , but not contrary . Disparity , ( lat . ) unevennesse , or diversity . Disparpled , or Disperpled , loosely scattered , or shooting it self into divers parts , a term used in Heraldry . Dispaupered , signifieth in Common Law deprived of the priviledge of forma pauperis . Dispend , ( lat . ) to spend or lay out money . Dispensation , ( lat . ) a distributing or dealing ; also a performing the office of a Dispenser or Steward . Dispersion , ( lat . ) a scattering into several parts . Dispert , to finde out the difference of the diameters of mettals between the breetch and the mouth of a piece of Ordnance . Dispicience , ( lat . ) a looking diligently , a considering . Displicence , ( lat . ) a displeasing . Displosion , ( lat . ) a bursting in two , also the shooting off a gun . Dispoliation , ( lat . ) a spoiling , rifling , or robbing . Dispone , ( old word ) to dispose . Disposition , ( lat . ) a placing or disposing of things ; also the natural inclination of the mind , also the constitution of the body . Dispossession , ( lat . ) a depriving any one of their possession . Disproportion , ( lat . ) inequality . Dispurveyed , ( French ) bare , indigent , unprovided . Disputation , ( lat . ) a disputing or contesting in words about any doubtful subject . Disquamation , ( lat . ) a taking off the scales or bark of any thing . Disquisition , ( lat . ) a narrow search after any thing . Disrationare , in French disrener , to prove any thing by Battel , Writ or Assize . Dissasina , ( French ) dispossession , see Sasina . Dissection , ( lat . ) a cutting asunder or in pieces . Disseisin , in Common law , is an unlawful dispossessing of a man of his lands or goods . Dissemination , ( lat . ) a sowing or scattering up and down . Dissentaneous , ( lat . ) discording , disagreeing . Disse●tory , ( old word ) a kind of Still . Disservice , a disclaiming any ones service , a doing an ill office . Dissidence , ( lat . ) a disagreeing , or falling out . Dissilience , ( lat . ) a leaping or bounding up and down , a falling asunder . Dissimilar , ( lat . ) unlike ; in Anatomy the dissimilar parts of the body , are those which are compounded of several similar parts , as a hand being compounded of flesh nerves and bones , is called a dissimilar or organic part . Dissimulation , ( lat . ) a counterfeiting , or dissembling . Dissheveled , see Dischevelled . Dissipation , ( lat . ) a scatering or dispersing . Dissociation , ( lat . ) a separating or putting asunder . Dissolution , ( lat . ) a dissolving , a melting , or destroying ; also dissolutenesse , debauchery , or licenciousnesse of life : also contrary to Annexation . Dissonance , ( lat . ) a difference in sound , also a disagreement . Dissuasion , ( lat . ) a perswading against any thing . Dissyllable , ( Greek ) a word consisting of two syllables . Distance , ( lat . ) a being afar off . Painting in Distemper , or size , is a kind of painting which hath been ancientlier in use than that which is in oil'd colours . Distention , ( lat . ) a drawing out , or stretching to the full length . Distick , ( Greek ) a couple of Verses ending in the same rhyme or measure . Distillation , ( lat . ) a dropping down , or distilling in a Limbeck . Distinction , ( lat . ) a putting a difference between one thing & another . A Logical distinction is when a word having several significations , may be taken either way . Distortion , ( lat . ) a pulling awry , or wringing several wayes . Distraction , ( lat . ) a drawing several wayes , also perplexity or madnesse . Distresse , or distraining , ( in Latin , Distriction , ) is a streightning , wringing , or affliction . In Common Law it signifieth a compulsion to appear in Court , or to pay a debt or duty denied . Distribution , ( lat . ) a dividing amongst many . Distributive , is an epithite to justice , whereby is signified the justice of an Arbitrator , who being trusted and performing his trust , is said to give every man his own . Districation , a ridding out of trouble , from the latin words dis a preposition , and Tricae small threads about chickens legs , which hinder them from going ; but metaphorically any kind of incumbrance . Districtus , the circuit or territory within which a man may be compelled to appear . Distringas , a Writ directed to the Sheriff to distrain one for a debt to the King , or for his appearance at a day . Disturbance , or Disturbation , ( lat . ) a causing trouble , or unquietness . Disunited , ( lat . ) disjoyned or severed . Dithyramb , ( Greek ) a kind of Hymne antiently sung in honour of Bacchus , also any kind of lusty or jovial Song . Dition , ( lat . ) a Dominion , Jurisdiction , or Territory . Dittany , or Ditander , in Latin Dictamnum , an herb growing abundantly in Dicte , a Promontory of Creet , in English it is called Garden-pepper . Ditty , a Song which hath the words composed to a tune . Divan , a great solemn Council or Court of Justice among the Turks and Persians . Divarication , ( lat . ) a striding wide . Diventilation , ( lat . ) a winnowing , or tossing to and fro . Diverberation , ( lat . ) a violent beating . Diversified , ( lat . ) varied . Diversity , ( lat . ) variety . Diverticle , ( lat . ) a by-way , also a device or shift . Divertisment , ( French ) recreation or pastime . Dividend , in Arithmetick , is the number which is to be divided , also the share which is equally divided among the Fellows of a Colledge . Also Dividends in the Exchequer seem to be one part of an Indenture . Dividual , ( lat . ) easie or apt to be divided . Divinaile . ( old word ) a riddle . Divination , ( lat . ) a presageing of things to come . Divine , ( lat . ) heavenly , also it is taken substantively for a professour of Theology , whom Chaucer calls a divinistre . Divisibility , Philosophic , it signifies a capacity in a thing to be divided . Division , ( lat . ) a dividing or cutting into two parts . Divitiacus , a King of the Gaules , who as some say , was King of the Brittains . Divorce in Common law , is a separation between two married together , not onely from bed and board , but from the bond of wedlock . Divour , see Dyvour . Diuretical , ( Greek ) that which provokes urine . Diurnal , ( lat . ) belonging to the day ; It is also used substantively for a Pamphlet , wherein the passages of every day are recorded . Diuturnity , ( lat . ) lastingnesse , or long continuance . Divulgation , ( lat . ) a making known abroad . Divulsion , ( lat . ) a pulling violently asunder . Dizain , ( French ) the number ten , also a kinde of French Coyn of about the value of a penny , also a song consisting of twelve Stanza's . D O Dobeler , a great dish , or platter . Dobuni , ancient people of the Brittains , who inhabited those parts , which are now called Oxfordshire , and Glostershire . Doced , or Douced , a Musical instrument , otherwise called a Dulcimer . Docility , Docibility , ( lat . ) aptnesse to learn that which is taught . Docke , a place where ships are built , or laid up from the Greek word Cocheion a receptacle , also a kinde of Herb , called in Latin Lapathum . Docket , a Brief in writing . Doctoral , ( lat . ) belonging to a Doctor , i. e. Teacher , or one that hath taken the highest degree in Divinity , Physick , or Civil Law. Document , ( lat . ) a teaching , or instructing . Dodded , ( old word ) in Latin Decornutus , unhorned , also lopped as a Tree , having the branches cut off . Dodder , a certain weed winding about Herbs . Dodecaedrie , ( Greek ) a Geometrical figure of 12 sides . Dodecagon , ( Greek ) a Geometrical figure of 12 Angles . Dodecatemorie , ( Greek ) an Astronomical Term , being one of the 12 parts , into which the Zodiack is divided . Dodkin , a kinde of small piece of money , which some think to be of the same value as our farthing . Dodona , a Citie of Chaonia , a Countrey of Greece , near to which there was a Temple and Oracle of Jupiter , within a Wood , sacred to the same Deity , of which Wood it was fain'd that the Trees were vocal , and returned the answers of the Oracle , also the name of a Fountain , whose water had a property , both to quench and kindle fire . Dotrantal , ( lat . ) of the weight , or measure of nine ounces . Dog-dayes , see Canicular dayes . Dogdraw , ( a Term used in Forrest law , ) is when any man is found drawing after a Deer by the scent of a hound , which he leadeth in his hand , being one of the four circumstances , wherein a Forrester may arrest the body of an offender against Vert , or Venison in the Forrest , the other three being Stablestand , Back berond , and Bloudy-hand . Doge of Venice , is the supream Magistrate , or Duke of Venice . Dogger , a kinde of ship . Dogmatist , ( Greek ) one that bringeth in any new Sect , or opinion . Dolation , ( lat . ) a making smooth , or plain . Dole , ( lat . ) deceit , fraud , also grief , also a distributing , or dealing of Almes , or gifts . Dollar , a Dutch Coyn of the value of four shillings . Dolling , ( old word ) warming . Dolorous , ( lat . ) painfull , or sorrowfull . Dolphin , a kinde of fish , so called as some say from the Delphi , who were the first finders of it , also the title of the eldest son of the King of France , from Daulphin a Province of France ; also a constellation beautified with nine bright stars , according to the number of the Muses . Dolt , a sot , or blockhead , from the Dutch word Doll . Dolven , buried from the old word Delve , to dig . Dolyman , a kinde of Turkish Garment . Domable , ( lat . ) tameable . Dome , ( Ital. ) a Town-house , or chief meeting place of a Citie . Domestick , ( lat . ) tame , belonging to a family , or houshold . Domicil , ( lat . ) a dwelling-house , or place of habitation . Domination , ( lat . ) a ruling , or lording over others , dominations are also one of the nine orders of Angels . Dominical letter , the red Letter in the Calender , wherewith Sunday , or the Lords day is mark't . Dominicans , an Order of Fryars , instituted by St. Dominick a Spaniard about the year 1206. Domino , a kinde of hood worn by Canons , also a mourning vail for women . Domition , or Domiture , ( lat . ) a taming . Domo reparanda , a Writ that lieth against one whose house going to decay may indanger his Neighbours house by falling . Donary , ( lat ) a gift , or present . Donatists , a Sect of Hereticks , whereof the more rigid sort are called Circumcellians , they held the son to be lesse then the father , and the holy Ghost lesse then the son , and affirm'd the true Church to be onely in Africa , they were instituted by Donatus , Bishop of Carthage , in the year 358. the more moderate sort were called Rogatists . Donative , ( lat . ) apt to give , it is substantively taken for a benefice meerly given by a Patron to any man , also a Princes gift . A Dondon , ( old word ) a short fat woman . Donee , in Common-law , is he to whom Lands are given as Donour , is he , who giveth them . Donegal , see Tyrconel . Dooms-day-book , a book made in the time of Edward the Confessour , some say , of William the Conquerour , wherein all the ancient demeans of England were registred with the names of all those that possessed them . Dooms-man , a Judge from the Saxon word Doom , a Judgement , or sentence . Dorcas , the proper name of a woman , the word signifieth a Deer . Dorado , ( Span. ) guilded over . Dorchester , the chief Town in Dorcetshire , it was in old time called Durnovaria , i. e. the River passage , it was miserably harrass't by Sueno the Dane , and afterwards by Hush the Norman , but flourish't again in King Edwards dayes ; there is also another Town of this name in Oxfordshire , by Leland , called Hydropolis . Dour signifying in the ancient Brittish tongue , water . Dorick , dialect , see Dialect . Dorick , Musick , a kinde of grave and solemne Musick , also Dorick work in Architecture , see Corinthian . Doris , the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis , she being married to Nereus , brought forth a great number of Sea-nymphs , called Nereides . Dormant , in Heraldry signifieth lying in a sleeping posture , also in Law a writing Dormant is , that , which hath a blank to put in the name of any one , also a Dormant-tree is a great beam , which lieth crosse the house which some call a Summer . Dormers , window's made in the roof of a house . Dorothy , a womans name , signifying in Greek the gift of God. Dorp , or Thorp , a Countrey Town , or Village . Dorrie , a kinde of fish , so called because the sides of it shine like Gold , it is called in Latin Faber . Dorter , or Dormitorie , a place where many sleep together , also a place where people are buried . Dose , ( Greek ) a Term in Physick , being the quantity of a potion , or Medecine which is prescribed by a Physitian to his patient . A Dosel , or Dorsel , from the Latin word dorsum , a rich Canopie under which Princes sit , also the Curtain of a Chaire of State. Doted , ( lat . ) endowed , having a joynture . Dotkin , or Dodkin , the eighth part of a stiver , or French shilling . Dottrel , a kinde of bird so called . Double plea , is that wherein the Defendant alleadgeth two several matters in bar of the action . Doubles , in Greek diplomata , Letters Patents . Doubleth , a Term in hunting , when a Hare keeps in plain fields , and chaseth about to deceive the hounds , it is said she doubleth . Doublet , a precious stone , consisting of two pieces joyned together . Doublings , a Term used in Heraldry , for the linings of Roabs , Mantles of state , or other Garments . Dovane , ( French ) Custome , or Impost . Dover , see Dubris . Dovetail , a joynt used by Carpenters , denominated from that kinde of figure . Dousabel , ( French ) sweet and fair , a womans name answering to the Greek Glycerium . Douset , or Doulcet , a kinde of Custard , from the Latin word dulcis . Dowager , a title applied to the widows of Princes and great persons . Downes , hilly plains , also a part of the Sea lying near the sands , from the Saxon word Dune , a hill , the same word signifying in Dutch a sand-bank . Dowry , in Common-law , signifieth that which a wife hath with her husband in marriage , it is also taken for that portion which she bringeth with her , which is called in Latin Maritagium or Dos , the former is called Donatio . Dowsets , the stones of a Stag , so termed in hunting , also the same as Dousets . Dowtremere , fair wearing , a word used by Chaucer . Doxie , a she Beggar or Trull . Doxology , ( Greek ) a Verse or Song of praise , anciently instituted in the Church which was to be recited in Divine-service after the Prayers and Psalmes . D R Drabler , in Navigation , is a piece added to the bonnet , when there is need of more sail . Draco's Laws , certain rigid and severe Laws made anciently in Athens by one Draco ; whence all severe punishments for trivial offences are called Draco's Laws . Dragant , or Traga●ant , a certain gum distilling from an herb of the same name , in English called Goates-thorn . Dragons Head , called in the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a node or place in the Eccliptick line , which the Moon cutteth and ascendes from the aust'ral part of the node into the Septentrional , it hath no aspect to any Planet , but it may be aspected by them ; its motion is according to the motion of the Sun. Dragons taile , called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , is a node opposite to the Dragons Head in the Eccliptick line , which the M●on cutteth and descends from the Septentrional part of the node , unto the Aust'ral . Dragons-wort , a certain herb , otherwise called Serpentary , or vipers Bugloss . Dragonstone , a certain pretious Stone called in Greek Draconitis . Drags , pieces of wood so joyned together , as floating upon the water they may bear a burload of wood or other wares down the River . Draiton , a Town in Shropshire near which , a very bloody field was fought between the two Houses of York and Lancaster . Dram , or Drachme , ( Greek ) the eighth part of an ounce . Dramatic , ( Greek ) a sort of Poetry , wherein are lively representations of things , acted by persons upon a Stage , as Comedies and Tragedies . Drap de Berry , a kind of thick cloth made in the Country of Berry in France . Drapery , a term in painting , being a work wherein cloths are represented . See Cilerie . Draught , a first Copy , from the Latin word tractus . Drawelatchets , a sort of nightly theeves , so termed in divers Statutes , they are also called Robertsmen . Drawing , a term used by Painters , signifying an exact observance of the distances and proportions of that which you would imitate or phancy . It comprehendeth Pictures by the life ; Stories , Opticks , Landskips , &c. It is by some called Designing . Dreint , ( old word ) drowned . Dretch , ( old word ) to dream , to tarry . Dry exchange , a term which is given to Usury . D●iffeild , a Town in Yorkshire , famous for the Tomb of the learned Alfred King of Northumberland , and for the Mounts which he raised about it . Drift of the Forrest , a driving of cattel , or a view of what cattel are in the Forrest ; also a boat is said to go adrift when it hath no body to row or steer it . Drift is also taken for counsell or policy , from the Dutch word dr●iven , i. e. to act . Drill , a Stone-cutters toole wherewith he bores holes in Marble , also a Baboon . Drogoman , or Truchman , in Greek Dragomenos , a word used by the Turks for an Interpreter . Droit , signifieth in common Law a double right , the right of possession , and the right of the Lord. Drolery , ( French ) a merry facetious way of speaking or writing . Dromedary , a kind of Camel with two bunches on its back , it is called in Greek Dromas for its swiftness . Dronklew , ( old word ) given to drink . Dropacist , a puller off of hair . Drouy , ( old word ) troubled . Dru , ( Sax. ) subtile , a proper name , called in Latin Drogo , or Drugo . Drugge , a Medicin , from the Dutch word Droogh , i. e. dry , because all Medicins vehemently dry the body . Druides , certain learned men or Priests anciently in great esteem among the Galls ; they were so called from the Greek word Drys a wood , because they loved to inhabite among the woods . Drury , ( old word ) sobriety , modesty . Drusilla , the poper name of divers famous women . Dryads , certain Nimphs , called Nimphs of the wood , from the Greek word Drys an Oak . D U Duall , ( lat . ) of , or belonging to two . To Dub a Knight , to confer the Order of Knighthood upon any one , from the French word a douber , to arm compleat . Dubious , ( lat . ) uncertain , doubtful . Dublin , the chief City of Ireland , situate in the Province of Leimster , it was antiently called Bala cleigh , i. a Town upon Hurdles . Some say it was built by Harold King of Norway , ( when he conquered Ireland ) from whom descended in a direct line Griffith ap Conan , borne at Dublin , in the reign of Tyrlough . This City was bravely defended by the English against Asculph Prince of the Dublinians , and Gottred King of the Isles , and in the time of King Henry the second , was given to a Colony of Bristowmen . Dubris , the ancient name of a Port-Town in Kent , now called Dover , having a very fair and strong Castle , built as some say by Julius Caesar , and afterwards fortified by King Arviragus against the Romans . Ducal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Duke . Duces tecum , a Writ summoning one to appear in Chancery , and to bring with him some evidence which that Court would view . Ducket , a certain golden coin , valueing about 6 shillings , first coined in Rome in the year of the City 547. having the Image or arms of a Duke or supream Magistrate stampt upon it . Ductile , ( lat . ) easie to be drawn out , and beaten into a thin plate ; a word most commonly applied to mettals . Duction , ( lat . ) a leading . Duell , ( lat . ) a single Combat between two , from duo ▪ i. two , and bellum , i. war. Duellona , see Bellona . Duilius , a great Commander among the Romans , who overcame the Carthaginians in a great Sea-fight , and was the first that triumphed after a naval Victory . Dul●arnon , a proportion found out by Pythagoras , for which happy invention , he sacrified an Oxe to the gods in thankfulness , which sacrifice he called Dulcarnon . Dulcimer , a kind of Musical Instrument , otherwise called a Sambuc . Dulcisonant , ( lat . ) sweetly sounding . Dulcitude , ( lat . ) sweetness . Dulc●ration , ( lat . ) a making sweet . Dulocrasy , ( Greek ) a government where slaves and servants domineer . Dumosity , ( lat . ) fulness of bryers and brambles . To Dun , a word vulgarly used signifying to come often to importune the payment of any debt . Dunbar , a Town of Lothien or Lauden in Scotland , where of late years a total defeat was given to the Scotch army under the command of Lesly , by Crumwell General of the English Forces . Dundee , a Town of Angus , a Province of Scotland , called in Latin Taodunum , by others Alectum . Duni pacis ▪ See knots of peace . Dunstan , ( Sax. ) Most high . Duodecimo , a book is said to be in Duodecimo , when it is of twelve leaves in a sheet . Duplicity , ( lat . ) a being double or twofold . Duplicate , a second letter patent granted by the Lord Chancelour , in a case wherein he had formerly done the same , and was therefore thought void . Duplication , ( lat . ) a doubling , also a word used in Law , signifying an allegation brought in to weaken the reply of the pleader . Dura mater , ( lat . ) a term in Anatomy , signifying the outward skin that infolds the brain . Duration , ( lat . ) a long continuing or lasting . Dures , in Common Law , is a plea used by way of exception by him who being cast into prison , or hardly used by any , is constrained to seal a bond to him during his restraint . Durham , the chief City of the Bishoprick of Durham , built by Bishop Aldwin , with the help of Vthred Earle of Northumberland . Here the Monks of Lindis-farm sheltred themselves when they fled with the body of St. Cuthbert from the fury of the Danes . It was anciently called Dunholm and Dunelmum . Durham Colledge , see Bernard Colledge . Durity , ( lat . ) hardness . Durnovaria , see Dorchester . Durotriges , an ancient people among the Brittains , inhabiting that part which is now called Dorcetshire . Duskie , obscure , dark , from the Greek word dascios , shady . Dutchie Court , a Court wherein all matters belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster are decided by the decree of the Chancelour of that Court. Duumvirate , a certain Magistracy anciently in Rome . Dwale , a kind of herb called sleeping night-shade . Dwyned , ( old word ) consumed . D Y Dyna , a kind of East India coin , valueing about 30 shillings . Dynastie , ( Greek ) Supream Government or Authority . Dyrrachium , a City of Macedon , lying upon the Adriatick Sea , now called Durazzo . Dyscracy , ( Greek ) a distemper of the body proceeding from an unequal mixture of the first qualities . Dysentery , ( Greek ) a disease called the Bloody-Flux . Dyspathy , ( Greek ) evil passion or affection . Dyspepsie , ( Greek ) ill digestion of the meat in the stomack . E EAd , or Eadith , ( Sax. ) a proper name of women , signifying happinesse . It is writen in Latin Auda , and by some Idonea . Eaglestone , a certain pretious Stone found in the nests of Eagles , in Greek called Aetites . Eadelman , or Adelman , a Saxon word , signifying a Noble man. Eadgar , ( Sax. ) happy power . Eadulph , ( Sax. ) happy help . Eadwin , ( Sax. ) happy Victor . Ealderman , or Alderman , the same as Eadelman . Ealred , ( Sax. ) all counsell : a proper name . Ean , to bring forth young , from the Greek word Odinein . To Ear the ground , to till or plough the ground , from the Latin word Arare . Earing , a part of the bolt-rope which a● all four quarters of the sail is left open . Earle , ( Sax. ) a Noble man , from Ehre , i. Honour , and Edel , i. Noble . Easell , is a word used in painting , being that frame upon which the Artist placeth his cloth either higher or lower as he pleaseth . Easement , in Common law , is a service which one neighbour hath of another by charter or prescription , as a passage thorough his ground , or the like . The Civilians call it servitus praedii . Easter , the time of the celebration of Christs Resurrection , contracted from the Dutch word Aufferstand , i. e. Resurrection , or from Eoster , an ancient Goddesse of the Saxons , whose Feast they kept about the same time , namely , about April , which was thence called Eoster-monath . It is also called Pasca , from the Hebrew , word Pasach , to passe over , because about this time , the Jews celebrated the Feast of the Passeover . Easterlings , people inhabiting the East part of Germany , also Easterling money , is that which we call Sterling , or Currant money , from a certain coin which Richard the first caused to be coined in those parts , being held in great request for its purity . Eastmeath , a County of Ireland , in the Province of Meath , it is divided into 18. Baronies . E B Eben-tree , a certain tree which grows in India , and Aethiopia , it hath neither leaves nor fruit , and the wood of it is black and very hard , serving for many uses . Ebionites , a certain Sect of Hereticks who denied the Divinity of Christ , and rejected all the Gospels but St. Mathews ; they were instituted by one Ebion in the year 71. Ebissa , a certain Captain of the Saxons , who with Octha , came to aid Hengist against the Brittains . Eboracum , the second City of England , commonly called York . Ptolomy calleth it Brigantium , from the Brigants , an ancient people of that Country ; but it was called Eboracum , or Eburacum , from Ebrank , a certain King of the Brittains , or as others say , from the River Vre . Ebrack , the Hebrew tongue ; a word used by Chaucer . Ebriety , or Ebriosity , ( lat . ) drunkennesse . Ebulo , the same as Ybel . Ebullition , ( lat . ) a bubling or boyling up . Eburnean , ( lat . ) made of Ivory . Eccentrick Orb , in Astronomy , is that which moves at unequal distance from the Center . Ecclesiastical , ( Greek ) belonging to the Church . Echen , ( old word ) they increase , also they help . Echidne , a Queen of Scythia , who by Hercules had three Children at a birth , whereof one of them named Scytha , who onely was able to bend his fathers bow , succeeded in the Kingdom , and from him it was named Scythia . Echo , a Nymph that lived near the River Cephisus , she dying for the love of Narcissus , was fain'd by the Poets to be changed into that voice , which is reflected back in Caves and hollow places . Eclipse , ( Greek ) a want , or defect , an Eclipse of the Sun is a depriving us of its light , by the interposition of the Moons body , between that and us , whereas the Eclipse of the Moon is caused , by the interposition of the earth . Ecliptick line , a line running through the midst of the Zodiack and 12 signes , it is so called because the Eclipses happen under that line . Eclogue , or Eglogue , as pastoral Poem , or speech between two Sheapherds . Ecstasie , ( Greek ) a figure wherein a syllable is made long contrary to its proper nature , also a trance , or sudden rapture of spirit . Ectype , ( Greek ) a thing drawn from another Copy . E D Edacity , ( lat . ) a greedy eating , or devouring . Eddie , the turning round in a stream . Edelfleda , or Elfleda , the wife of Ethelred , King of the Mercians , who after her husbands death , governed that Kingdom for eight years with great prudence and moderation . Edentate , ( lat . ) to make toothlesse . Edgehill , a Hill in Warwick-shire , where the first pitch't field was fought , between the forces of King Charles the first , and the Parliament of England . Edict , ( lat . ) a Proclamation , or publick Ordinance . Edification , ( lat . ) building , also it is Metaphorically taken for instruction . Edifice ▪ ( lat . ) a house , or building . Edil , or Eadile , ( lat . ) an Officer in Rome , who was appointed to oversee the building of Temples and private houses . Edinton , ( called in old time Eathandune ) a Town in Wiltshire , where King Alfred overthrew the Danes in a memorable battle , here also William de Edinton , Bishop of Winchester , erected a Colledge for an Order of men , called bon hommes , i. e. good men . Edition , ( lat . ) a setting forth of any thing , but commonly it is taken for the impression of a book . Edmund , the proper name of a man signifying in the Saxon tongue happy peace . St. Edmundsbury , a Town in Suffolk , anciently called Bederick's gueord , i. e. the Court , or Mansion-house of Bederick , and seems to have been the same Town with that , which Antonine calleth Villa Faustini . It derived its present name from King Edmund , who was cruelly put to death by the Danes , and his body translated hither , a stately Church being also erected to his memory , which being demolished by Suenus the Dane , was built anew by his son Canutus to expiate his fathers sacriledge . Education , ( lat . ) a bringing up , or instructing . Edward , a proper name , signifying in the Saxon tongue happy keeper . E F Effable , ( lat . ) to be express't , or uttered . Eff●ct , ( Lat. ) the doing , or finishing of a thing . Efficacie , ( lat . ) vertue , ability , also force , urgency in speech . Efficient , ( lat . ) causing to come to passe , it is a word chiefly applied to one of the four causes treated of in Logick . Effiction , ( lat . ) a forming , or expressing a thing . Effigies , ( lat . ) the form , or representation of any thing . Efflagitation , ( lat . ) an earnest requesting , or importuning . Effl●rescence , ( lat . ) a sprouting , or budding forth . Effluence , Effluvium , or Efflux , ( lat . ) a flowing forth . Effoemination , ( lat . ) a making soft , nice , or womanish . Efforts , ( French ) violent Assays , strong impressions . Effroenation , ( lat . ) unbridlednesse , or rashnesse . Effronterie , see Affrontednesse . Effusion , ( lat . ) a powring out , or wasting . Eft , ( old word ) again . Eftsoones , ( old word ) quickly . E G. Egbert , a proper name , signifying in the Saxon tongue ever bright and famous . Egestion , ( lat . ) a voiding , or conveying forth . Eggement , ( old word ) procurement . Eglantine , a certain herb , so called from the Dutch Eghel , i. e. a Hedge-hog , because it is full of prickles . It is also call'd sweet Bryar . Eglogue , see Eclogue . Egregious , ( lat . ) excellent . Egremont , a Castle in Cumberland , which William de Mes●hines held by Knights service of King Henry the first . Egression , or Egresse , ( lat . ) a going forth . Egrimony , see Aegrimony . E J Ejaculation , ( lat . ) a casting forth , also by Metaphor a spiritual trance . Ejection , ( lat . ) a casting out . The Eight ( anciently called Alney , i. e. the Island ) a place in Glocestershire , where a single Combat was fought between Edmund King of the English , and Canutus King of the Danes , to decide their right to the Kingdom . Eirenarchie , ( Greek ) the Office of Constable , or Justice of Peace . Ejulation , ( lat . ) a yelling , or pittifull crying out . Ejuration , ( lat . ) a renouncing , a yielding up ones place . E L. Ela , the highest note in the scale of Musick , or Gam ut . Elaborate , ( lat . ) done with exactnesse and pains . An Elaboratory , or Labratory , ( lat . ) a place to work in , properly a Chymists work-house , or shop . Elapidation , ( lat . ) a taking away stones . Elapsion , ( lat . ) a slipping out . Elated , ( lat . ) lifted up , exalted , proud . Eld , ( old word ) age , Eldership . Ele , ( old word ) help . Eleanor , a proper name of women deduced from Helena . Elecampane , in Latin , Enula Campana , a certain Herb called Horseheal . Election , ( lat . ) a choosing , or setting apart . Elections , are times elected , for the doing any manner of work by the secret operations of the Heavens , by the nature of the signes , planets , and aspects of the Moon . Electors , certain Princes belonging to the Roman Empire . Electrum , a kinde of precious Gum , called Amber , distilling from Poplar Trees , into which the Poets fain the sisters of Phaeton to have been turned . Electuarie , a certain confection , or Medicinable composition made of the most select drugs . Eleemosynary , ( Greek ) an Almner , or giver of Almes . Elegancy , ( lat . ) gallantnesse in speech , or apparel . Elegie , ( Greek ) a kinde of mournfull verse , or Funeral song . Elegit , a Writ , for the recovery of goods , or lands , toward the payment of any debt . Elements , those pure unmix't bodies , which are principles of all things , an Element is defin'd by the Philosophers , to be a body not composed of any former bodies , and of which all former bodies are composed ; also the rudiments of any Art , also the single letters of the Alphabet . Elench , ( Greek ) a subtile , or argumentary reproof . Elenge , ( old word ) strange . Elephancie , or Elephantiacy , ( Greek ) a kinde of disease , called a leprosie . Elevation , ( lat . ) an exalting , or lifting up . Eleyson , see Kyre Eleyson . Elf , a fairy , it seems to be corrupted from the Greek word Ephialtes . Elguze , the left shoulder of Orion . Elibation , see Delibation . Elicitation , ( lat . ) a drawing out , an enticing . Eligible , ( lat . ) apt to be elected , or chosen . Elimation , ( lat . ) a filing off . Elimination , ( lat . ) a throwing over the threshold , a casting out of doors . Eliquament , ( lat . ) a fat juyce which is squeezed out of any kinde of flesh . Elizabeth , ( Hebr. ) quiet rest of the Lord , a proper name of women . Elision , ( lat . ) a hitting against . Elixation , ( lat . ) a seething . Elixir , in ( Arab. ) signifieth strength , it is commonly taken for the quintessence of any thing , the Philosophers stone . Elizabeth , the proper name of a woman , from the Hebrew words Eli , and Shavang ▪ i. e. the Oath of God. Elk , a kinde of strong swift beast , derived from the Greek word Alce , i. e. strength . Ellis , a proper name , corruptly for Elias , Hebr. Lord God. Elmet , a certain Territory , or little Region about Leeds in York-shire , anciently so called , which Eadwin the son of Ealla King of Northumberland Conquered from Cereticus the Brittish King , in the year 620. Elocution , ( lat . ) proper speech , handsome utterance . Elogie , ( lat . ) a Testimony given in commendation of any one . Eloinment , ( French ) or Elongation , ( lat . ) a removing a great way off . Elopement in Law , is , when a married woman leaves her husband , and dwells with an Adulterer . Eloquence , ( lat . ) neatnesse , power and perswasivenesse in speech . Elucidation , ( lat . ) a making bright , clear , or plain . Elvish , ( old word ) froward . Elutheria , ( Greek ) certain feasts celebrated by the ancient Heathens . Elysian fields , certain pleasant places , into which the Heathens held that the Souls of men passed after death . E M Emaceration , ( lat . ) a making lean . Emaciating , the same . Emaculation , ( lat . ) a taking away of spots . Emanation , ( lat . ) a flowing from . Emancipation , ( lat . ) hath the same reference to Children , as Manumission to servants , according to the Civil Law , namely a legal , setting them free from the power of their fathers , before the Magistrate . Emanuel , ( Hebr. ) God with us . Emanuensis , ( lat . ) he that writes , or doth businesse for another man , a Secretary . Emargination , ( lat . ) a term in Chirurgery , signifying a clensing wounds , or soares of the scruf that lieth about the brims . Emasculation , ( lat . ) a taking away the force of manhood . Embargo , ( Span. ) a stop , or arrest upon ships . Emberweek , in Latin Cineralia , the week before Lent , wherein by the ancient institution of the Church people were to fast , and the Bishop used to sprinkle ashes upon their heads ; saying , Remember , O man , that thou art ashes , and to ashes shalt thou return . Imber , signifying in the Saxon tongue ashes , whence our word embers cometh , some say ember week , is derived from the Greek word Hemerai , i. dayes . Embellish , ( French ) to deck , or beautifie . Embezel , to steal , from the Italian word Invaligiare , i. to put in a sack . Emblem , ( Greek ) a curious inlaying in wood , or other material , also an expressing a moral sentence by way of device , or picture . Emblements , in Common-law , signifie the profits of Land , which hath been sowed . Embolism , ( Greek ) a casting in , it is commonly used for the casting in of the day , which is added to Leap year . Embolned , ( old word ) swelled . Embossement , or Emboucheur , ( French ) a putting into the mouth . Embost , a Term in hunting when a Deer is so hard chac't , that she foams at the mouth , it comes from the Spanish word Dosembocar , and is metaphorically taken for any kinde of wearinesse . Embracer , in Common-law , is he that when a matter is in trial , comes for reward to the bar , being no Lawyer , and speaks in favour of one of the parties . Embrocation , ( Ital. ) a bathing any part of the body in a liquor , falling from aloft . Embryon , ( Greek ) the imperfect feature of a Childe , unshap't in the mothers womb . Embushment , see Embossement . Embuscade , an Ambushment , or secrete lying in wait . Eme , ( old word ) an Aunt . Emendation , ( lat . ) a correcting or mending . Emerald , ( Span. ) a certain pretious stone of a green colour , called in Latin Smaragdus . Emergent , ( lat . ) rising up above water , appearing from underneath any thing . An Emergent occasion is taken for a business of great consequence . Emetical , ( Greek ) a term in Medicine , belonging to those things which purge the body by vomit . Emication , ( lat . ) a shining out . Emigration , ( lat . ) a passing out of any place . Emildon , a Town in Northumberland , where J. Duns called Scotus was born , who for his obscure way of writing was stiled the subtile Doctor . Eminence , ( lat . ) an excelling , an appearing above others . Emissary , ( lat . ) one sent abroad to spie or give intelligence . Emission , a throwing or sending out . Emme , the proper name of a woman : some will have it to be the same with Amie , others contract it from Elgiva which signifieth Helpgiver . Emmot , a little insect called a Pismire . Emollient , ( lat . ) softning , molifying , or asswaging . Emolument , ( lat . ) profit or benefit . Emotion , ( lat . ) a moving out , a stirring up , also trouble of mind . Cleop. Empaire , ( French ) to diminish , to make worse , from the praeposition in , and pire , worse . Empannel , from the French word panne , or pannea● , i. a skin , signifies to enter the names of the Jury into a parchment or roll , which are summond to appear for the publick service . Emparlance , ( French ) in the Common Law , is a petition in Court of a day of respite . It is called in the Civil Law , petitio induciarum . Emphatical , ( Greek ) uttered with a grace or emphasis , which is a significant or intent expression of ones mind . Emphyteutick , ( Greek ) set out to be improved , let out to farm . Empirick , ( Greek ) a Physitian which cures by receipts taken upon trust . Emplastration , ( lat . ) an applying a plaister , a dawbing , also a graffing . Emporetical , ( Greek ) belonging to an Emporium , i. e. a Mart Town , or place for Faires and Markets . Emprimed , a term in hunting , signifying a Harts forsaking the herd . Emption , ( lat . ) a buying . Empyraeal , ( Greek ) fiery , Empyraeal Heaven , the highest Heaven , or Seat of the Blessed . Emucid , ( lat . ) mouldy . Emulation , ( lat . ) envy , or striving to exceed . Emulgent , ( lat . ) stroaking , Emulgent vein , one of the branches of that hollow vein which goes to the reines , and by which the reines do separate the urine from the blood , and attract it . Emulsion , ( lat . ) a stroaking , also in physick , it is a kind of Medicine made into a certain cream . Emunctories , ( lat . ) certain kernelly places in the body by which the principal parts void their excrements or superfluities . E N Enach , in the practick of Scotland , is a satisfaction for any crime or fault . Enaluron , a term in Heraldry , is when a bordure is charged with any kinds of Birds . Enamell , to vary with little spots , from the French word Maille , a spot . Enargy , ( Greek ) cleernesse or evidence . Encaustick , ( Greek ) varnished , or wrought with fire . Enchace , ( French ) to set in Gold. Enchant , ( French ) to conjure , or invoke the Devil with certain strange words or verses . Encheson , a Law French word , signifying the cause why any thing is done . Encheiridion , ( lat . ) a small Book that one may clasp in ones hand . Enclitick , ( Greek ) enclining . An Enclitick conjunction in Grammar is that which casts back the accent to the foregoing syllable . Encombrance , ( French ) a hindrance . Encomiastick , ( Greek ) belonging to an Encomium or speech made in praise of another . Encrochment , in Common Law , is a pressing too far upon ones neighbours ground . Encyclopaedie , see Cyclopaedie . Endammage ( French ) to hurt , to damnifie . Enditement , in Common Law , is a Bill of accusation for some offence exhibited against any one , and by a Jury presented unto an Officer , or Court that hath power to punish , in the Civil Law it is called Accusation . Endive , a kind of herb , so called . Endorse , a term in Heraldry , being the fourth part of a Pallet , see Pallet . Endorsed , see Indorsed . Endowment , in Law , signifieth the bestowing or assuring of a dowr , also a sending maintenance to a Vicar when the benefice is appropriated . Endromick , a long Irish Robe . Endymion , a certain Shepherd whom the Poets feign to have fallen in love with the Moon , and that being cast into a perpetual sleep upon the top of Latmus Hill , she every night stoopt down to steal a kiss from him . Eneya , in the practick of Scotland , is the principal part of the Heritage which goes to the eldest son , called in French l'aisne . Energy , ( Greek ) force or efficacy . Enervation , ( lat . ) a weakning . Enfeildchace , a place in Middlesex , where yet are to be seen the ruines of an old house , the dwelling place heretofore of the Magnavills Earles of Essex , from whom this Chace descended to the Bohuns Earles of Hereford and Essex . Enfranchisment , ( French ) the incorporating of any man into a society or body politick . Engastrimuch , ( Greek ) on that speakes out of the belly . Engelbert , ( Germ. ) bright Angel , a proper name . Englecery , is taken contradistinct to Francigena , which word used to comprehend every alien that was murdered , upon which there was a mulct laid upon the Country where it was done , unlesse Englecery was proved ; that is to say , that it was an English man who was slain . Engonasin , ( Greek ) the name of one of the heavenly constellations , by which figur was represented Hercules kneeling . In Latin it is called Ingeniculum or Nixus . Eng●scope , ( Greek ) a certain Instrument whereby the proportion of the smallest things may be discerned . Enhauncement , ( French ) a raising the price of any thing . Enigmatical , see Aenigmatical . Eniff Alpherary , ( Ar. ) the yawning of Pegasus . Enoch's pillars , two pillars erected by Enoch the son of Seth , the one of brick , the other of stone , whereupon were ingraven the whole Art of Astronomy . Enneade , ( Greek ) the number nine . Enneagon , ( Greek ) a Geometrical figure of nine Angles . Enodation , ( lat . ) an unknotting , a making plain . Enormity , from the Latin word Norma , a rule and the praeposition E. It signifies irregularity , unmeasurablenesse . Enquest , in Common law , is the trial of causes both civil and criminal by the Jury . Ensconce , to entrench , from the Dutch word Schantse , a military Fortresse . Ensiferous ( lat . ) carrying a sword , sword-bearing . Ensign , ( French ) an Escutcheon wherein are painted the Trophies of Honour or Armory of a Family ; also a military Banner . Enstall , from the Greek word Enstellein , i. to adorn , signifies to put upon a Throne , to endow with a Robe of honour . Entaile , in Common law , signifieth fee taile , fee entailed , or abridged . Entangle , quasi inter angulos ducere , to ensnare , to embroile . Enteched , ( old word ) defiled . Entelechie , ( Greek ) an inward soul , or power to move and act . Entendment , ( French ) signifieth in Law the true meaning or sense of a word or sentence . Enterfeire , ( French ) to hit one against another , to clash , or skirmish . Enterplead , in Common Law , is the discurssing of a point accidentally hapning before the principal cause have an end . In the Civil Law it is called cognitio praejudicialis . Enthusiasts , see Enthysiasts . Enthymem , ( Greek ) an imperfect Syllogism wherein the Major or Minor proposition is to be understood . Enthysiasts , ( Greek ) a certain Sect of people which pretended to the Spirit and Revelations . Entire entrance , signifieth in Common law a sole possession in one man , whereas several tenancy is a joynt or common possession . Entire pertransient , is in Heraldry a line which crosseth the middle of the shield , and runs diametrically the longest way of her position . Entire perngents , are lines that run the longest way of the sheilds position , without touching the Center . Entity , ( lat . ) the having a being . Entoire , a term in Blazon , when a bordure is charged with sorts of inanimate things , except leaves , fruits , and flowers . Entoxication , a poisoning , from the Hebrew word Toch , i. poison . Entrals , bowels , from the Greek word Entera . Entreague , ( Span. ) a making good again . It is also taken for a Story , which after many intangled passages is brought to a calme end . Entreate , ( old word ) to handle . Entry , in Common Law , signifieth a taking possession of Lands or Tenements . Entriked , ( old word ) deceived . Entrusion , in Common Law , signifieth a violent entrance into Lands or Tenements void of possession by him that hath no right unto them . Entrusion de gard , a Writ that lieth where the infant within age entreth into his Lands and holdeth his Lord out . Entweyssel , a fair house in Lancashire , which gave name and habitation to an ancient so called . Enucleation , ( lat . ) a taking out the kernel , also the expounding of any difficult matter . Envelope , ( Span. ) to infold or inwrap . Environ , to compasse about , from the French word Environ , i. about . Enumeration , ( lat . ) a numbering or counting . Enunciation , ( lat . ) an uttering or pronouncing ; in Logick it is taken for a proposition which simply affirms or denies . E P Epact , the number by which the year of the Sun , or solar year , exceeds the year of the Moon , or lunar year , being the number 11. Epaminondas , a great Captain of the Thebans , who much weakned the strength of the Lacedaemonians by many great victories which he gained over them : he died of a wound which he received at the battel of Mantinea . Epanalepsis , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , wherein the same word is oft times repeated . Epatrides , ( Greek ) certain Noble men among the Athenians . Eparch , ( Greek ) the chief Governour of a Province . Epenthesis , ( Greek ) a certain figure , wherein a letter or syllable is put between any word . Epha , an Hebrew measure containing 9 Gallons . Epheby , ( Greek ) a young man between the age of 14. and 25. Ephemerides , ( Greek ) Journals or Books wherein daily actions are registered , also Astronomical calculations . Ephesus , the chief City of Ionia in Asia the Lesse , famous for the Magnificent Temple of Diana , built by one Ephesus the son of Caister , who gave name to the City . Ephialtes , ( Greek ) a kind of disease called the Nightmare , or Elf. Ephippiated , ( Greek ) saddled . Ephod , a kind of brest-plate or priestly garment , worn by the ancient Priests of the Jews . Ephori , ( Greek ) certain Magistrates among the ancient Lacedaemonians . Epicedie , ( Greek ) a certain mournful Song , which used to be sung before the corps at a Funeral . Epicoene , ( lat . ) one of both Sexes , a word of the Epicoene Gender in Grammar is a word declined with both Genders , Masculine , and Faeminine . Epicurean , of the Sect of Epicurus , a famous Philosopheer , who held pleasure and absence of pain to be the chiefest good . Epicycle , ( Greek ) a term used in Astronomy , signifying a lesser orb , whose center is in the circumference of a greater , whereby the irregular motion of some Planet is solved . Epick poesie , ( Greek ) is that which is written in Heroick Verse , and is taken contradistinct to lyric . Epidemical , ( Greek ) Epidemie or Epidemical disease , a disease universally catching . Epigastrick , ( Greek ) belonging to the Epigastrium or outward part of the belly , which reacheth from the stomack to the navel . Epiglottis , ( Greek ) the weasel of the throat , the little tongue which closeth the larinx . Epigrams , ( Greek ) short Poems upon several kinds of subjects . Epigraph , ( Greek ) an Inscription . Epileptic , ( Greek ) troubled with a certain disease called the Epilepsie , which is a convulsion of the whole body , whereby the sense and understanding is very much depraved . Epilogue , ( Greek ) a conclusion , also a speech made at the end of a Play. Epiphany , ( Greek ) an appearing bright or shining ; also the Feast celebrated on the 12 day from Christs Nativity , which was the day whereon the Star appeared in the East , which conducted the Wise men Episcopal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Bishop or Overseer . Epistolary , belonging to a Letter or Epistle , which comes from the Greek word Epistellein , to send . Epistyle , ( Greek ) a term of Architecture , signifying the Chapiter of a pillar or Architrave . Epitaph , ( Greek ) that which is inscribed upon a Tomb or Sepulchre . Epitasis , ( Greek ) the buisie part of a Comedy , before things are brought to their full state and vigour . Epithalamy , ( Greek ) a Nuptial Song , or Poem which useth to be recited at Weddings in praise of the Bride , and Bridegroom ▪ Epithemetical , ( Greek ) belonging to an Epithem or liquid Medicine outwardly applyed to the body by a piece of Cotton or Scarlet . Epithet , ( Greek ) a word expressing the nature or quality of another word to which it is joyned . Epitoge , ( Greek ) a garment worn loose over another . Epitome , ( Greek ) a making short or abridging . Epoch , ( Greek ) a certain retention of time in a Chronology , taken from the beginning of some Empire . Epode , ( Greek ) a kind of lyric Poesie , wherein the first Verse is longer than the second . Epulary , ( lat . ) belonging to a Banquet . E Q Equator , see Aequator . Equestrian , ( lat . ) belonging to Horseman , Cavalier , or Knight , who is called in Latin Eques Auratus . Equilateral , ( lat . ) See Aequilateral . Equinoctial line , see Aequator . Equipage , ( French ) a furnishing , or setting forth . Equiparates , or Aequiparates , ( lat . ) things compared or made equal , a term in Logick . Equipollence , or Aequipollence , ( lat . ) a being of equal force or value . Equipped , ( French ) set forth , or accoutred . Equivalent , or Aequivalent , ( lat . ) being of equal worth or value . Equivocal , or Aequivocal , ( lat . ) ( a Logical term ) having a double signification , or whose sense and meaning may be taken either way . Equorean , ( lat . ) belonging to the Sea. Equus , a Constellation in Heaven . E R Eradication , ( lat . ) a destroying or pulling up by the roots . Erased , ( lat . ) scraped , or torn out ; in Heraldry the member of any beast which seems torn from the body , is called Erased . Erasmuss , ( Greek ) Amiable . A proper name . Erastians , a sort of Hereticks , founded by one Erastus a Physitian . Erato , the name of one of the 9 Muses . Erchembald , ( Germ. ) a bold or speedy learner . A proper name answerable to the Greek Dasypodius . Erebus , an infernal Deity , whom the Poets feign to be the father of night : It is metaphorically taken for Hell. Erection , ( lat . ) a raising or making to stand up-right . Eremitical , ( Greek ) belonging to a desart , or leading a Hermites life . Ereption , ( lat . ) a snatching , or taking away by violence . Erichthonius , a King of the Athenians , and the son of Vulcan , who desirous to lie with Minerva , and she resisting him , he spilt his seed upon the earth in the contest , out of which sprung Erichthonius with Dragons feet , which deformity to hide he invented the use of the Chariot . Eridanus , a River in Italy , otherwise called Padus , vulgarly Po , made a Constellation . Erigone , the daughter of Icarius , who hanging her self for grief of her fathers death , was placed among the heavenly signs , and called Virgo . Erimanthian , belonging to Erimanthus , a Mountain in Arcadia . Eriphile , the wife of Amphiaraus , and sister of Adrastus , who having received a Bracelet of Polynices , betrayed her husband to the Theban wars , where he was destroyed . † Eristical , full of strife , from the Greek word Eris contention . Ermine , a little beast , whose fur is very costly , Ermines is a word used in Heraldry , signifying white powdered with black . Ermine-street , see Ikenild . Erminois , a Term in Blazon , or Armory , signifying a fur wherein black and yellow are mixed . Ernes , ( old word ) promises . Ernest ( Germ. ) severe , it seems contracted from Ariovistus mentioned by Caesar . Erogation , ( lat . ) a liberal bestowing . Eros , the servant of Mark Antony , who killed himself , because he would not see his master fall . Erosion , ( lat . ) a gnawing , or eating away . Erostratus , one , who to make himself famous , set fire on the Temple of Diana . Errant , a Justice which rides the Circuit , from the Latin word Errare , or the old word Ern , i. e. a journey . Errata , ( lat . ) faults escaped in printing . Er●hines , certain Medecines , which purge away flegm sticking about the membranes of the brain , through the nose . Erroneous , ( lat . ) subject to errours . Erubesc●ncy , ( lat . ) a being ashamed , or blushing . Eructation , ( lat . ) a belching forth . Erudition , ( lat . ) an instructing , or bringing up in learning . Eruncation , ( lat . ) a taking away of weeds . Eruption , ( lat . ) a breaking forth with violence . Erwhile , a while ago , lately . Eryngus , a kinde of Thistle , so called . Erysipely , ( Greek ) a disease called St. Anthonies fire , causing blisters , being bred of Cholerick bloud . Erythraean Sea , the Arabian Gulf , not the Red-Sea as some have supposed . Eryx , the son of Buras and Venus , he was a man of great strength , and was killed by Hercules , at a fight called whirlebat . E S Esay , the name of a Prophet among the Jews , the word signifying in Hebrew , reward of the Lord. Escal , ( lat . ) fit for food . Escambio , a Licence granted for the making of a Bill of exchange to a man over-sea . Escheat , in Common-law , signifieth lands that fall to a Lord within his Manour , by forfiture , or the death of his Tenant without Heirs , it cometh from the French word Escheoir , to fall . Escotcheon , ( French ) a shield , or Coat of Arms , from Escu , a Buckler . Escuage , ( French ) a Tenure of Land , whereby a Tenant is bound to follow his Lord into the Wars at his own charges . Esculent , see Escal . Escurial , a famous Monastery built by Philip the second of Spain , and dedicated to the Jerome Fryars , it is situate near to a Village of the same name not farre from Madrid . Esnecy , the right of choosing first , in a divided inheritance belonging to the eldest Copartner . Eson , or Aeson , the father of Jason , and the brother of Pelias King of Thessaly , he had his youth restored unto him by Medea , at the request of Jason . Esples , in Latin Expleta , the full profit , that land yields . Esquier , in French Escuier , in Latin Scutifer , was anciently he that bore the Arms of a Knight . Espringold , a certain warlike Engin , for the casting up of great stones . Esquiline , one of the seven Hills , upon which Rome was built . Essay , ( French ) a tryal , also a preamble . The Essay of a Deer , in hunting is the breast , or brisket of a Deer , in French la hampe . Essedary , ( lat . ) one that fights in an Essed , or warlike Chariot . Essenes , certain Philosophers among the ancient Jews , who separated themselves from the rest of the people , and led a kind of Monastical life . Essential , ( lat . ) having a perfect essence , or being . Essential debilities , are when the Planets are in their detriment fall , or peregrines . See the Table in Lillies introduction , f. 104. Essoine , in Common-law , is an excuse alleadged for one that is summoned to appear at any Court , it is called by the Civilians Excusatio . Clerk of the Essoins , an Officer of the Common-pleas , who keepeth the Essoins Rolls , delivereth them to every Officer , and receiveth them again when they are written . Establishment of Dowr , is the assurance of Dowr , made to the wife , by the husband , or his friends , about the time of marriage . Estandard , the standing measure of the King , or Common-wealth , to the scantling whereof all measures throughout the Land are to be framed , also an Ensign in Warre . Estimation , or Aestimation , ( lat . ) valueing , or esteeming . Estopel , in Common-law , is an impediment of an action , growing from a mans own fact , that might have had his action tried , it cometh from the French word Estouper , to stop . Estovers , in Common-law , signifieth that sustenance , which a man accused of felony is to have out of his Lands , or Goods , during his imprisonment , it cometh from the French word Estover , to foster . Estreat , in French Estraict , in Latin Extractum , the Copy of an Original writing . Estreie , in Latin Extrahura , signifieth in Common-law , a beast not wilde , found within any Lordship , and not owned by any man. E●trepement , from the Spanish word Estropear , to set upon the wrack , signifieth in Common-law , spoyl made by the Tenant for term of life , upon any Lands , or Woods , to the prejudice of him in Reversion , also a drawing out the heart of the Land , by plowing it continually . Estuate , see to Aestuate . Esuriti●n , ( lat . ) a being a hungry . E T Etching , is a kinde of graving with Aqua fortis , which eats into the Copper . Eternize , ( French ) to make eternal . Etesian windes , ( Latin Etesiae ) certain milde Easterly winds . Etheling , see Adeling . Ethelbert , ( Sax. ) nobly bright , or renown'd , hence the Heirs apparent of the Crown were surnamed Etheling , i. e. Nobly born . Ethelstane , ( Sax. ) noble Jewel . Ethelward , ( Sax. ) noble keeper . Ethelwold , ( Sax. ) noble Governour . Ethelwolph , ( Sax. ) noble helper , proper names . Etherial , see Aetherial . Ethicks , Books treating of Moral Philosophy , from the Greek word Ethos , manners , or morality . Ethiopia , see Aethiopia . Ethnick , ( Greek ) belonging to the Heathens , or Gentiles . Ethologie , ( Gr. ) a discourse of manners . Etocetum , the name of a Town , situate in the Military High-way , commonly called Watling-street , mentioned by the Emperour Antoninus , as the second Roman Station from Manvessedum , or Mancester , in Warwick-shire . Etymological , ( Greek ) belonging to Etymology , which is a true derivation of words from their first Original . E V Evacuation , ( lat . ) an emptying . Evade , ( lat . ) to escape . Evagation , ( lat . ) a wandring abroad . Evagination , ( lat . ) a drawing out of a sheath . Evan , the same , as Ivon , see John. Evangelisme , ( Greek ) a bringing glad tidings , a preaching the Gospel . Evanid , ( lat . ) soon decaying . Evaporation , ( lat . ) a sending outvapours . Evasion , ( lat . ) a making an escape . Eucharist , ( Greek ) a giving thanks , also the Sacrament of the body , and bloud of Christ. Eucrasie , ( Greek ) a good temperature of the body . Eve , the wife of Adam , from the Hebrew word Chavah , to live . Eve , and Treve , in the practick of Scotland , are such servants , whose Predecessours have been servants to any man , and his predecessours . Eveck , a kinde of beast like a wilde Goat . Evection , ( lat . ) a lifting up , or carrying forth . Event , ( lat . ) issue , or successe . Eventeration , ( lat . ) a taking out the belly of any thing . Eventilation , ( lat . ) a winnowing , or sifting , by Metaphor a strict examining of a businesse . Everard , ( Germ. well reported ) a proper name answering to the Greek Eudoxus , others write it Eberard , i. e. excellent towardnesse . Eversion , ( lat . ) an utter overthrowing . Evestigation , ( lat . ) an earnest seeking after . Eugeny , ( Greek ) Gentility , Noblenesse of bloud . Eviction , ( lat . ) a vanquishing , a convincement by argument , or law . Evidence , ( lat . ) testimony , in Common-law , it is used for any proof , either of men , or instrument . Eviration , ( lat . ) an unmanning , a yielding . Evisceration , ( lat . ) a taking out the bowels , or guts . Evitation , ( lat . ) a shunning . Eulogie , ( Greek ) a praising , or speaking well . Eunuch , ( Greek ) a man that is utterly disabled for the use of women , and herein differs from Castratus , in that a Castrate is onely gelded , but an Eunuch totally deprived of his Genitals . Eunomians , a sort of Hereticks , who held that faith was onely acceptable without works . Evocation , ( lat . ) a calling out . Eupatorie , a kind of Herb , called Liverwort . Euphemisme , ( Greek ) a setting forth any ones good fame . Euphonie , ( Greek ) a gracefull sound , a smooth running of words . Euphorbium , a certain Gum distilling from a plant , call'd Gum-thistle , of which Iuba , King of Lybia is said to have been the first inventour . Euphrosyna , the name of one of the three Graces , the other two being Aglaia and Thalia . Euridice , the wife of Orpheus , who flying from Aristheus his Embraces , was stung by a Serpent , and died , and being by the Harmony of Orpheus delivered from the Deep , she was snatch't back again , because he look't back upon her before she was arrived upon earth . Euripe , a narrow passage between Attica , and Euboea , now called Golpho de Negroponte , which Ebbes and flowes seven times a day . It is Metaphorically taken for any narrow passage . Europe , one of the four parts of the world separated from Asia , by the River Tanais , it was so called from Europa , the daughter of Agenor , King of Phoenicia , whom Iupiter carried away in the shape of a Bull. Eurythmy , ( Greek ) a Term in Architecture , being the exact proportion of the Rooms in a building . Eutaxie , ( Greek ) a handsome ordering , or disposing of things . Eusebius , ( Greek ) pious , or godly , a proper name . Eustace , a proper name , from the Greek Eustathius , or Eustachius , i. e. standing firm . Euterpe , the name of the nine Muses . Euthymie , ( Greek ) quietnesnesse , and tranquillity of minde . Eutrapely , ( Greek ) courtesie , urbanity . Eutropius , ( Greek ) well manner'd , a proper name . Eutychians , a Sect of Hereticks , instituted by Eutiches in the year 443. their chief Tenet was , that there was but one nature in Christ. Evulsion , ( lat . ) a violent pulling up . E X Exacination , ( lat . ) a taking out the stone , or kernel out of any fruit . Exaggeration , ( lat . ) an increasing , or heaping up together , also the same as aggravation . Exagitation , ( lat . ) a stirring up . Exalted , being joyned as an Epithete to another word , is as much as sublime , great , excellent , as exalted virtue . Cassandra . Exanguious , ( lat . ) bloudlesse . Exanimation , ( lat . ) a depriving of life , also a dismaying . Exanthems , ( Greek ) certain Wheals in a mans body , called the small Pox , or Measles . Exantlation , ( lat . ) an overcoming with much labour and difficulty . Exaration , ( lat . ) a plowing up , also a writing , or engraving . Exarch , ( Greek ) a great Officer , heretofore under the Constantinople Emperours , who governed the affaires of Italy , and was called the Exarch of Ravenna , where his chief residence was . Exarticulation , ( lat . ) a putting out of joynt . Exasperation , ( lat . ) a making sharp , a provoking to anger . Exaturation , ( lat . ) a satiating . Exauctoration , ( lat . ) a depriving one of any office , or benefit . Excandesceny , ( lat . ) a being inflamed with anger , or rage . Excavation , ( lat . ) a making hollow . Excelsity , ( lat . ) highnesse , loftinesse . Excentrik , see Eccentrick . Excerption , ( lat . ) a culling , or choosing out . Excesse , ( lat . ) an exceeding or superfluity . Excester , ( i. the City standing upon the River Ex , ) the chief City of Devonshire , it is called in Latin Exonia by Antonine Isca Danmoniorum ; it was fortified by King Athelstane who drove the Brittains quite out of it ; also it is famous for the birth of Joseph Iscanus the most excellent Poet of his age . Exchequer , the Court to which are brought all the Revenues belonging to the Crown . Excitation , ( lat . ) a stirring up . Exclusion , ( lat . ) a barring or shutting out . Excogitation , ( lat . ) an inventing . Excommunication , ( lat . ) is a punishment inflicted by the Church upon offenders , being a secluding them from the Sacrament , and other spiritual priviledges . Excoriation , ( lat . ) a fleaing or pulling off the skin . Excreation , ( lat . ) a spiting out . Excrementitious , ( lat . ) belonging or full of excrements , i. dregs or ordure . Excrescence , ( lat . ) an unusual growing out , or swelling . Excretion , ( lat . ) a purging of excrementitious humours , a sifting or casting out . Excruciation , ( lat . ) a tormenting , or putting to pain . Excuriation , ( lat . ) a throwing out of the Court. Excursion , ( lat . ) a roving or running out . Excusation , ( lat . ) an excusing or freeing from blame . Excussion , ( lat . ) a shaking off . Execration , ( lat . ) a cursing or detesting . Execution , ( lat . ) in Common Law , signifieth the last performance of an Act , as of a fine , or of a judgement . Executione facienda , a Writ commanding the execution of a judgement . Executor , ( lat . ) one that performeth any action . In Law it is taken for him that is left by will to dispose of the deceased parties estate . Exemplification , ( lat . ) a drawing out of an example , transcript , or draught , out of an Original Record . Exemption , ( lat . ) a taking out or freeing . Exenteration , ( lat . ) a taking out the bowels or guts . Exequies , ( lat . ) Funeral Rites , or Solemnities . Exercitation , ( lat . ) often exercising ; also a kind of critical commenting upon Authors . Exflorous , ( lat . ) that hath flowers growing out of it . Exhalation , ( lat . ) a hot and dry fume drawn up by the heat of the Sun , by which fiery Meteors are ingendered : Also a blowing or breathing out . Exhausted , ( lat . ) drawn quite out , wasted . Exhibition , ( lat . ) a shewing or presenting , also an allowment to any one toward their maintenance . Exhilaration , ( lat . ) a making merry or joyful . Exiccation , ( lat . ) a drying up . Exigendary , or Exigenter , an Officer of the Court of Common-pleas . Exigent , ( lat . ) a Writ that lieth where the defendant in an action personal cannot be found , nor any thing within the County to be distreined : It is directed to the Sheriff to call five County-dayes under pain of outlawry . It is metaphorically taken for a streightnesse or necessity . Exiguity , ( lat . ) slendernesse or smalnesse . Exilition , ( lat . ) a leaping out . Exility , ( lat . ) the same as Exiguity . Eximious , ( lat . ) excellent , famous . Exinanition , ( lat . ) a making void or empty . Existence , ( lat . ) a being . Existimation , ( lat . ) a thinking or judging . Exit , is commonly taken for the going out of any person in a Play , from the Latin Exire , to go out . Exitial , ( lat . ) bringing danger , or destruction . Exodos , ( Greek ) a going out , the Title of the second Book in the old Testament . Exolete , ( lat . ) stale , grown out of use . Exoneration , ( lat . ) an unloading . Exoptation , ( lat . ) an earnest wishing . Exorable , ( lat . ) that may be intreated . Exorbitancy , ( lat . ) a thing done out of measure , square or rule . Exorcism , ( Greek ) a restraining the power of the Devil by prayes or conjuration . Exordium , ( lat . ) a beginning or preamble to an Oration or Discourse . Exornation , ( lat . ) a dressing , or adorning . Exosseous , ( lat . ) having no bones . Exoster , ( lat . ) a Petard , or Engin to blow open a gate . Exotick , ( Greek ) strange or forrain . Expansion , ( lat . ) an opening or spreading abroad . Ex parte latis , a Writ that lieth for a Bailiff , who having auditours assigned to hear his accounts , cannot obtain reasonable allowance . Expatiation , ( lat . ) a walking at large , or at full liberty . Expectant fee , in Common Law , signifieth land given to a man and to the heirs of his hody , it being the same with fee-taile , and contrary to fee-simple . Expectation , ( lat . ) a tarrying or looking for , Expeditate , ( lat . ) signifieth in the Forrest Law , to cut out the balls of the dogs feet , for the preservation of the Kings Game . Expedient , ( lat . ) fit or convenient . Expedition , ( lat . ) quick dispatch , also a setting forth upon a journey , war , or any other businesse . Expell , ( lat . ) to drive out . Expence , ( lat . ) cost or charges . Experience , or Experiment , ( lat . ) proof , trial , or practise . Expiation , ( lat . ) a pacifying God by prayer for any offence committed , or a making amends for any fault , by the doing of some good deed Expiration , ( lat . ) a giving up the ghost . Explanation , ( lat . ) a making plain or manifest . Explement , or Expletion , ( lat . ) a filling up of any place or room . Explication , ( lat . ) an unfolding or explaining . Explicite , ( lat . ) unfolded . Exploit , ( French ) a valiant act . Exploration , ( lat . ) a spying , a diligent searching out . Explosion , ( lat . ) an exploding , a sleighting , or hissing off from the Stage . Expolition , ( lat . ) a making bright , or polishing . Exposition , ( lat . ) an expounding or interpreting . Expostulation , ( lat . ) a reasoning the case , or complaining about an injury received . Expression , ( lat . ) an uttering or pronouncing , it is ofttimes also taken for the thing expressed . Exprobration , ( lat . ) an upbraiding , or calling a thing to mind to any ones reproach . Expugnation , ( lat . ) a winning by force . Expuition , ( lat . ) a spitting out . Expulsion , ( lat . ) a driving out by force . Expumication , ( lat . ) a making sleek , or smooth , with a pumice-stone . Expunge , ( lat . ) to blot out , to abolish . Exquisite , ( lat . ) performed to the height , exact . Extant , ( lat . ) having a being , set forth to view , appearing above others . Extemporary , ( lat . ) done ex tempore , i. e. immediately , forthwith . Extension , ( lat . ) a stretching out , or inlarging . Extent , in Common Law , is a Commission to the Sheriff , to seize and value the Lands and Tenements of one who being bound by the Statute , hath forfeited his bond . Extenuation , ( lat . ) a making small , also an undervalueing . Extercoration , ( lat . ) a cleansing , or carrying forth of dung . Etermination , ( lat . ) a throwing out or banishing . External , or Exteriour , ( lat . ) outward . Extersion , ( lat . ) a wiping out . Extimulation , ( lat . ) a moving or exciting . Extinct , ( lat . ) put out , quenched . Exstinguishment , in Common Law is a part of consolidation , as when a man hath a yearly rent out of any lands , and afterwards purchaseth the whole lands , both the rent and the property are consolidated into one possession , and therefore the rent is said to be extinguished . Extirpation , ( lat . ) an utter destroying or rooting out . Extorsion , ( lat . ) an exacting , or injurious taking away , especially of money , as it is usually taken in Common Law. Extraction , ( lat . ) a drawing out , also the same as Estreat , also a descending from such or such a Family . Extrajudical , that which is done out of Court. Extramundane , ( lat . ) being without the World , as extramundane spaces , between one world and another . Dr. Charlton . Extraneous , quasi exterraneous , ( lat . ) one of a strange land . Extravagant , ( lat . ) idle , of a wandring mind . Clerk of the Extreats , an Officer belonging to the Exchequer , who receiveth the extreates out of the Remembrancers Office , and writeth them out to be levyed for the King. See Estreats . Extrication , ( lat . ) see Districation . Extrinsecal , ( lat . ) outward . Extrusion , ( lat . ) a thrusting out . Extuberation , ( lat . ) a swelling or bunching up . Extumescence , ( lat . ) the same . Ex●berancy , ( lat . ) an overflowing or abounding . Exuccous , ( lat . ) juicelesse . Exudation , ( lat . ) a sweating out . Exulati●n , ( lat . ) a being exild or banished . Exulceration , ( lat . ) a blistring , or turning to an Ulcer . Exultation , ( lat . ) a triumphing for joy . Exundation , ( lat . ) an overflowing . Euperation , ( lat . ) an excelling or surpassing . Exustion , ( lat . ) a burning . E Y Eyebite , to fascinate or bewitch by a certain evil influence from the eye . Eyebright , or Euphrasia , an herb so called , very good for the eyes . Eyre , the Court of Justices Itinerant , from the French word Erre , a journey ; also Eyre of the Forrest , the judicature which used anciently to be held every three years , by the Justices of the Forrest journeying up and down to that purpose . Eyth , or Eth , ( old word ) easie . E Z Ezechias , a proper name , signifying in Hebrew , strength of the Lord. Ezechiel , the name of a Prophet among the Jews ; the word signifies in Hebrew , seeing the Lord. F A FAbian , a proper name , from Fabius . The chief of this name was Fabianus Bishop of Rome , martyred under the Emperour Decius . Fabius , a famous Captain of the Romans , who for the great overthrow he gave to Hannibals Army , was sirnamed Maximus . Fabrication , ( lat . ) a making of a Fabrick or Building . Fabulous , ( lat . ) full of Fables , or invented Tales . Facade , ( French ) the outside , or fore-front of a house . Faces , Decury , or Deconate , from the Greek word Deka , signifying ten , because in every Sign there are three Faces , every Face consisting of ten degrees . They are called Faces for that they are equivalent to Signs , Formes , and shapes , by reason they shew the nature and inclination of the Planets in them as in their own houses . Facetious , ( lat . ) wittily merry , or pleasant . Facility , ( lat . ) easinesse . Facinorous , ( lat . ) belonging to high or wicked designs . Factitious , ( lat . ) made like another , counterfeited . Factor , ( lat . ) an Agent for a Merchant beyond Sea. Faculty , ( lat . ) the power or ability of performing any action , as the Animal , Vital , and Natural Faculties in the body of man. In Common Law it signifieth a priviledge granted to a man by indulgence or dispensation , to do that which by the Law he cannot do . It is also used sometimes for a Mystery or Profession . Facundity , ( lat . ) Eloquence . Faint pleader , a false manner of pleading , to the deceit of a third party . Fair pleading , a Writ upon the Statute of Malborow , whereby it is provided that no fines shall be taken of any man for not pleading fairly , or to the purpose . Fairie , a Goblin or Phantasm , from the Dutch word Varelick , i fearful Faith , the Christian name of divers women , the signification commonly known . Faitours , idle-livers , from the French word Faitardise , a sleepy disease . Fall , is an essential debility , and it happens when a Planet is opposite to his exaltation , whereby he is debilitated and very weak . Falcation , ( lat ) a mowing . Falchon , a short sword bending like a hook , from the Latin word Falx . Falcidian Law , a Law made by the Romans in the time of the Consul Falcidius , which treated of the right each Roman Citizen had in the disposal of his goods . Falcon , a great gun , next to the Minion . Falernian wine , wine growing in Falernus , a field of Campania in Italy . Fall off , in Navigation is when a ship doth not keep so near the wind as we appoint . Fallacious , ( lat . ) full of deceit or craft . Falouque , ( French ) a boat or barge , by some called a brigantine . Falsification , ( lat . ) a speaking falsities , or untruths . Famagosta , the chief City of the Isle of Cyprus . Famigeration , ( lat . ) a divulging , or reporting abroad . Familiar , ( lat . ) acquainted , also substantively , for a Spirit , or Devil . Family of love , a Sect or Heresie broached by Henry Nicholas . Their chief Tenet is , That Christ is already come in glory to judge . Fanatick , ( lat . ) frantick , inspired , having vain apparitions . Fane , from the Greek word Phaino , a a weathercock ; it is sometimes taken for a Temple . Fannel , ( French ) a kind of ornament , anciently worn by Priests . Fanus , a certain Deity , representing the year , anciently worshipped by the Heathens . Farandman , in the practick of Scotland a Pilgrim or Stranger . Farced , ( lat . ) stuffed . Fardingdeal , or Farundel of land , the fourth part of an acre . Farendon , a famous Market Town with a strong Castle in Barkshire , remarkable besides for the Fort raised by Robert Earle of Glocester , against K. Stephen , who notwithstanding won it by desperate assaults . Farlie things , yearly things . Farraginous , ( lat . ) belonging to a farrago , or mixture of several graines together , which they call a maslin . Farreation , ( lat . ) a ceremony anciently performed at Marriages . Farrow , to bring forth , from the Latin word parere , it is spoken of sows . Farsang , otherwise called Parasang , a Persian word , signifying a league , which is 3 English miles . Fascicular , ( lat . ) made into a fascicle which is a bundle or fardel . Fascination , ( lat . ) an eyebiting , or bewitching by the eye , or by the force of imagination . Fasciate , ( lat . ) to bind , from fascia a swath . Fastidious , ( lat . ) breeding a loathing . Fastigation , ( lat . ) a making or growing sharp at the top like a pyramid . Fastuosity , ( lat . ) insufferable pride . Fatality , ( lat . ) unavoidable necessity , or that which is appointed by Fate , which is the order of affairs from all eternity . Fatidical , ( lat . ) foretelling that which is to come . Fatigation , ( lat . ) wearisomenesse . Fatigue , ( French ) the same . Fatuity , ( lat . ) sottishnesse , stupidity . Faunus , the son of Saturn , civiliz'd mens manners , built Temples , and made Laws , and was one of the ancientest Kings of Italy . Favonian , belonging to Favonius or the West wind . Faust , ( lat . ) lucky . Fautor , ( lat . ) a cherisher or favourer . F E Fealty , from the French word feaulte , i. fidelity , an oath taken at the admittance of every Tenant , to be true to the Lord of whom he holds his land . Feasible , ( French ) easie to be done . Febricitation , ( lat . ) a falling sick of an Ague or Feaver . February , so called of Numa Pompilius , a februis expiatoriis , or sacrifices for purging of souls ; for the second day of this moneth a Feast was kept , and sacrifice was offered to Pluto for the souls of their Ancestours . Februation , ( lat . ) a praying for the souls of any . Fecial , or Fae●ial , ( lat . ) a Herald or Embassadour of war , among the ancient Romans there were 20 in number , the principal of whom , was called pater patratus . Feculent , or Faeculent , ( lat . ) full of dregs . Fee , in Latin feud●m , is taken in Common Law for all those lands wh●ch are held by perpetual right . Fee ferm , in Common Law , is land held of another , to himself and his heirs for ever for a certain yearly rent . Fee simple , or absolute , is land whereof we are seized with these general words ; To us , and our heirs for ever . Fee taile , or condi●ional , hath this limitation ; To us , and the heirs of our body . Feild , is the whole surface of a sheild overspread with some mettal , colour or fur , and comprehendeth in it the charge . A term in Heraldry . Felicity , ( lat . ) happinesse . Fellon , a blister or wheal on the body , from the Latin word , fel , choler . Felo de se , a self-murderer . Felony , in Common Law , is any offence which is next to petty treason , as murder , theft , rapes , burning of houses , &c. Fencemonth , the month wherein Deer begin to fawn , which is about midsummer , wherein it is unlawful to hunt in the Forrest . Fends , things hung over a ships side to keep another ship from rubbing against it . Fennel , a kind of herb so called . Fenugreec , an herb which hath been found growing in great abundance , in several parts of Greece . Feodary , or Feudatary , an officer belonging to the Court of Wards and Liveries , who is to be present with the Escheatour at the finding of any office , and also to survay and value the land of the Ward . Feofment , in Common Law , is the gift or grant of any Honours , Castles , Manors , &c. unto another in fee simple , by delivery of seisin , either by word or writing . Foeminine , ( lat . ) belonging to the Femal Sex. Foeneration , ( lat . ) a putting out money to use . Feracity , ( lat . ) fruitfulnesse . Feral , ( lat . ) dangerous or deadly . Feral Signs , are Leo , and the last part of Scorpio . Fercost , ( Ital. ) a kind of ship or boat . Fere , ( old word ) a companion . Ferdfare , an acquitment of a man to go into the wars . Ferdinando , a proper name of men , called by the Spaniards Hernando , by the Italians Ferando , by the French Ferrant . Some think it derived from the Saxon words Fred rand , i. pure peace . Others think that the Spaniards have for the sweeter sound drawn it from Bertrand , i. fair and pure . Ferdwit , an acquitment of a murderer in the army . Feretrius , Jupiter so called a ferendis spoliis , i. from spoiles taken in war. Feriation , ( lat . ) a keeping holiday , a ceasing from work , idlenesse . Ferine , ( lat . ) brutish , beastly , wild . Ferit , ( Ital. ) a blow . Ferity , ( lat . ) salvagnesse , brutishnesse . Ferm , or Farm , a house , or land , or both , taken by Indenture of Lease , or Lease Paroll . Fermanagh , a County of Ireland in the Province of Vlster , the people whereof were anciently called Erdini . Fermentation , ( lat . ) a swelling with ferment or leaven , also a working ; it is a word much used in Chymistry . Ferocity , ( lat . ) fiercenesse . Feronia , an ancient heathen Goddesse , a Goddess of the Woods . Ferret , from Forare , to pierce , or Furari , to steal ; a little beast called in Latin Viverra . Ferry , a passage over the water , from the Greek word Phero , to carry . Ferruginous , ( lat . ) like rust of iron , of an iron colour . Ferrumination , ( lat . ) a soldering together of mettals , a word used in Chymistry . Fertility , ( lat . ) fruitfulnesse . Fervent , or Fervid , ( lat . ) hot , by metaphor , eager , or vehement . Ferula , an herb called in English Fennel Gyant . Ferular , ( lat . ) a kind of chastising instrument , called also a Palmer . Fesspoint , a term in Heraldry , being a line going thorough the midst of the Escutcheon , called the girdle of honour , it comes from the Latin word fascia . Festination , ( lat . ) a hastning , or making speed . Festivity , ( lat . ) mirth , rejoycing , solemnity . Festucous , ( lat . ) having a tender sprig or branch . Foetid , ( lat . ) smelling ill or stinking . Fetise , ( old word ) handsome . Fetters , is ofttimes used figuratively in Poems and Romances , for Captivity or thraldom , especially in an amorous sense . Cleopat . Fend , Feed , or Feid , a combination of one Family against another , being inflamed with hatred or revenge . Feverfow , an herb called Mothwort , in Latin Febrifuga , because it is good against a feaver . Feversham , a flourishing Town in Kent , where King Althestane assembled the Nobles and learned men of his Kingdom to make Laws , and where King Stephen founded an Abby for the Monks of Clugny , in which he himself , Maude his wife , and Eustach his son , were entombed . Fewmetts , a term in Hunting , the dung of a Deer . F I Fiants , the dung of a Badger , or Fox , and all Vermine . Fibrous , ( lat . ) full of Fibers , which are the small strings , or threads which hang about the roots of any plant , also little strings about the Veins , and Muscles of a body . Fibulation , ( lat . ) a buttoning , or joyning together . Fictile , ( lat . ) made of earth . Fiction , ( lat . ) a feigning , or inventing . Fictitious , ( lat . ) feined , invented . Fidicula , the falling vulture . Fidelity , ( lat . ) faithfulnesse . Fidejussor , ( lat . ) a pledge , or surety . Fidius , an ancient heathen God , said to be the son of Iupiter , he is called the God of faithfulnesse . Fiduciary , ( lat . ) trusty , also a Feoffee in trust . Fierabras , ( French ) fierce at arms . Fieri facias , a judicial Writ that lieth for him that hath recover'd in an action of debt , or damages . Fife , a County of Scotland , shooting far into the East , between two arms of the Sea , Forth & Tau . Fifteenth , a certain tribute , which used to be levied by Parliament , and imposed upon every Citie , or Borough , through the Realm . Figment , ( lat . ) a fiction , or faigned tale . Figurative , ( lat . ) spoken by a figure . Filaceous , ( lat . ) made of thread , or flax , also full of filaments , which are the small threads , or strings , about the Roots of Plants . Filanders , a sort of little Worms , which breed in Hawks , also Nets for wilde beasts . Filazers , ( French ) certain Officers belonging to the Common-pleas , who make out all Original Processes , real , personal and mixt . Filctale , a kinde of entertainment , made by Bayliffs for those of their hundreds , for their gain , it is also called Sothale . File , in Latin Filacium , a thread , or wyer , whereon VVrits , or other Exhibits in Courts are fastned , also in Heraldry , it is one of the modern wayes of differencing Coat-Armours . Filial , ( lat . ) relating to a son . A Fillet ▪ in Heraldrie , is made , or constituted , by adding one line to the chief , underneath it , the content whereof is the fourth part of the chief . Film , a membrain , or thin skin enwrapping the brain , and several other parts of the body , & also the infant in the womb , of which there are three sorts , Chorion , Amnios , and Allantois . Filtration , ( lat . ) a straining through a course cloath . Fimashing , the ordure of all sort of Deer . Final , ( lat . ) having an end , brought to an end . Financer , a receiver , or teller in the Exchequer , from the French word Finance , wealth , or treasure . Fine , a mulct , or penalty , also a formal conveyance of Land , by acknowledging a perfect agreement before a Judge . Fine capiendo pro terris , a VVrit that lyeth for him , who being committed to prison , obtaineth favour for a summe of money . Fine force , a French word , signifying absolute constraint . Finite ( Philos. ) limited , bounded . Finours of gold , or silver , are those that purifie those metals by fire from the drosse . Fire-boote , an allowance to maintain competent fire for the use of the Tenant . Firedrake ▪ a fiery meteor , ingendred of a hot exhalation inflamed between two Clouds . Firma , in the practick of Scotland , is the duty , which the Tenant payes to his Landlord . Firmament , ( from the Latin Firmus , i. e. solid . ) the starry Heaven , it is turned about the Chrystalline Heaven , being both of an uniform motion , & finish their course in 250000 years , which motion appears not , but by the observation of sundry ages . For 430 years before Christs time , the first star in Aries was in the vernal intersection , which still keeps that name , though now removed almost 29 degrees , so that in more then two thousand years the fixed stars have not travelled from VVest to East , so much as one whole sign of the Zodiack . Firmus , a Roman Emperour of that vast strength , that bearing himself up from any place with his arms , and bearing an Anvil upon his breast , he could endure the smiths beating upon it for a long time . First fruits , the profits of every spiritual living for one year , in ancient time given to the Pope , afterwards to the Prince . Fiscal , ( lat . ) belonging to a fisque , i. e. a Treasury , or Exchequer . Fishing , or Splicing , a Term used in Masts , Cables , or in any Timber , cut like wedges at one end , and fastned together . Fissure , ( lat . ) a cleft , or division . Fistulary , ( lat . ) belonging to a pipe , or to a disease called Fistula , which is a kind of Ulcer eating into the body with a long narrow passage . Fitched , ( from the Lat. Figere ) a Term in Blazon , as a Crosse Fitched , i. e. sharp at the end . Fitz , ( Fr. Fils ) a word commonly added to the sirnames of several great families of this Nation , descended from the Norman race as Fitz-Herbert , Fitz-Walter , i. e. the son of Herbert , or the son of Walter , it being answerable to Ben in Hebr. Bar in Chaldee , and Ap in Welsh . Fixation , ( lat . ) a fixing , also a Term in Chymistry , signifying a fixing of bodies , so as to make them indure the fire . Fizgigg , a kinde of dart , wherewith Marriners strike fishes as they swim . F L Flabellation , ( lat . ) a fanning with a Flable , or fan . Flaccid , ( lat . ) drooping , or flagging . Flagellantes , a sort of Hereticks , which went up and down scourging themselves , and begging Almes , they were so called from Flagellam a scourge . Flagitation , ( lat . ) an earnest begging . Flagitious , ( lat . hainous , wicked . Flagrancie , ( lat . ) a lightsome burning , also a vehement desire . Fluj●let , ( French ) a certain Musical instrument , being a kinde of Pipe , or Fluite , but somewhat lesse . Flamins , certain Roman Priests , instituted by Pompilius Numa , so called from the Filamines , or Coifes , which they wore upon their heads . Flammeous , ( lat . ) flaming , or flame colour'd . Flanch , a term in Heraldry , being an Ordinary formed of an Arch-line , beginning from the corner of the chief , and compassing with a swelling embossement toward the Nombril of the Escotcheon . Flandria , the Countrey in Flanders in Gallia Belgica , being one of those ten Provinces , remaining in the King of Spains Dominion . Flasque , a term in Blazon , being an ordinary consisting of one Archline drawn somewhat distant from the corner of the chief , and swelling by degrees toward the midst of the Escutcheon . Flatulent , or Flatuous , ( lat . ) windy . Fledwit , a Saxon word , signifying in Common-law , an Out-lawed fugitive , coming to the peace , and discharged from amerciament . Fleet , a prison in London , so called because it stands upon the River Fleta , or Fleet. Flemeswit , or Fle●enwit , from the Saxon Flezen , to flie away , signifieth in Common Law , a liberty to challenge the cattel or amerciament of ones man a fugitive . Flexanimous , ( lat . ) having a flexible or easie mind . Flexibility , ( lat . ) easinesse to bend . Flexion , ( lat . ) a bending . Flint , the name of a Castle in Flintshire , begun by King Henry the second , and finisht by King Edward the first . Here King Richard the second being circumvented , was delivered into the hands of Henry of Lancaster Duke of Hereford , who shortly after claimed the Crown . Flo●●ify , ( lat . ) to esteem lightly , or at a low rate . Floddon , the name of a Hill near Brampton in Northumberland , memorable for the battel fought there between Thomas Howard Earle of Surrey , and James the fourth King of Scotland , who was vanquisht and slain . Flora , a Goddesse among the Romans , called the Goddesse of Flowers . Some report her to have been a famous Strumpet , who when she died , left a great sum of money to the Common-wealth , desiring that her memory might be celebrated with yearly Feasts which were called Floralia . Floramor , a flower called the flower of love , passevelours , or purple velvet flower . Florein , a kind of coin , valueing about 3 shillings of our money . Florence , ( lat . flourishing ) a proper name of women , also the chief City of Tuscany in Italy is so called . Florences , a kind of cloth brought over from Florence . Florey blew , a kind of blew colour used in painting or limning . Florid , ( lat . ) flowrishing , or adorned with flowers . Flosculous , ( lat ) sprouting or blooming with Flowers . Flotes , certain peices of timber joyned together with rafters overthwart , which serve to convey burthens down a River with the stream . Flotson , or Flotzam , goods that being lost by shipwrack lie floating upon the sea , which , with jetson , i. e. goods cast out of the ship , being in danger of wreck , and beaten on shore ; lagam or ligam , those which lie at the botton of the sea , and Shares , i. goods divided among many , are all given to the Lord Admiral . Flouke of an anchor , that part which taketh hold on the ground . Fluctuation , ( lat . ) a rising or swelling of waves , a tossing to and fro , also a wavering in opinion . Fluctivagant , ( lat . ) tossed on the sea , wandering on the waves . Fluent , ( lat . ) flowing . Fluidity , ( lat . ) aptnesse to flow . Fluminous , or Fluvial , ( lat . ) pertaining to Rivers , or full of Rivers . Fluores , the Mineralists call such kind of stones as coming out of Mines , are like unto pretious stones . Flush fore and aft , decks in ships laid level from stem to stern . Fluxibility , ( lat . ) aptnesse to flow . Fuxion or Flux , ( lat . ) a flowing , also a loosnesse of the body . Fly , that part of the Compasse where the 32 points of the winds are described . F O Focillation , ( lat . ) a refreshing . Foder , or Fodrum , from the Dutch word Vo●den , to feed , a course kind of meat for cattel , also a prerogative that a Prince hath to be provided of corn for his horses toward any Expedition . Also Fodder is taken for 2000 pound weight of lead . Foeculent , ( lat . ) full of dregs . Foecundity , ( lat . ) fruitfulnesse . Foedity , ( lat . ) filthinesse . Foeminine , ( lat . ) of the Female Sex. Foeneration , ( lat . ) a practising of usury . Foine , ( French ) to prick . Foines , a kind of Fur , which is black at the top , taken from a little beast of the same name . Foison , ( French ) abundance . Foist , a Pinnace , or little Ship. Folgherers , ( old word ) followers . Foliage , branched work . Foliatanes , a certain religious Order of men , who lived onely upon leaves . Folio , a book is said to be in Folio , when it is of a large volume , consisting of sheets onely once doubled , or making but two leaves a piece . Folkland , ( Saxon ) coppy-hold land . Folkmoot , from the Saxon words folk , i. people , and Gemettan , to meet , signifies either the County Court , or the Sheriffs turn . Follicle , ( lat . ) a little bladder or purse . Fomentation , ( lat . ) a cherishing , in physick it signifies the applying of warm or dry things to the body . Fons solis , a Fountain in Lybia , near the Temple of Jupiter Hammon , which is at midnight hot as boyling water . Foothote , ( old word ) straightway . Foraminous , ( lat . ) full of holes . Foraneous , ( lat . ) pertaining to a Court or Market-place . Forbarr , to deprive for ever . Force , in Common Law , signifieth unlawful violence . Forcible entry , is a violent actual entry into any house or land . Forcipated , ( lat . ) bending , or hooked . Fordoe , ( old word ) to kill . Foregoers , purveyours going before the King or Queen in progresse . Forein matter , a matter tryable in another Country . Forein opposer , an Officer of the Exchequer , to whom all Sheriffs and Bailiffs do repair to be opposed of their green wax . Forejudger , in common Law , is a judgment whereby a man is put by the thing in question . Foreland , or Forenesse , an ancient word used for a promontory which jutteth out foremost . Foreloin , in hunting , is when a hound going before the rest of the cry , meets chace and goes away with it . Forest , ( q. Feresta , i. a station of wild beasts ) is defined to be a safe harbour or abiding place for Deer , or any sort of beasts that are wild and delight in woods . Forestaller , or Regrater , one that buys ware , before it comes to the Market , and sells it again at a higher price . Forfare , ( old word ) forlorn . Forfeiture , in Latin , forisfactum , or forisfactura , signifies the transgressing of a penal Law , or the effect of it . Forelorn , lost , from the Dutch word Verloren , whence Forlorn-hope , a party of Souldiers put upon the most desperate service , in some old English Writers , Forleten signifieth the same . Forletten , ( old word ) abandoned . Formality , ( lat . ) outward shew , precisenesse . Formation , ( lat . ) forming or fashioning . Formeth , or seateth , a term in hunting , applied to a Hare when it squats in any place . Formidable , ( lat . ) to be feared . Form●sity , ( lat . ) beauty , fairness . Formulary , ( lat . ) belonging to a form ; also used in the substantive , for a president , or proceeding in Law. Fornication , ( lat . ) whoredom . Forenesse , see Foreland . Forses , ( Gr. Catadupae ) waterfalls . Forslegl●n , ( old word ) slain . Forspreak , ( old word ) an advocate . Fortitude , ( lat . ) valour , or stoutnesse of mind . Fortlet , signifieth in Common Law , a 〈◊〉 Fort or place of some strength . Fortuitous , ( lat . ) accidental , or coming by chance . Fortuny , a kind of Tourneament or running a tilt on horseback with Launces , a sport much used here in old times . Forwelked ( old word ) dried . Forwyned , ( old word ) withered . Fosset , a little long Coffer or Chest , from the Latin word fossa , a ditch . Fosseway , a highway , digged out and made passable . See Ikenild . Fossion , ( lat . ) a digging . A Foster , contract for a Forrester . Fother , or Foder , a twenty hundred pound weight . Fotheringhay , a Castle in Northamptonshire , kept by William Earle of Aumart , against King Henry the third , when the Nobles of England revolted . Fotion , ( lat . ) a cherishing . Fougade , ( French ) a kind of fire-work . Foulk , a proper name , from the Dutch word Volg , i. Noble . Founes , ( old word ) devises . Fourche , ( in French a fork ) signifieth in Common-law a delaying , or putting off an action . Fontegeld , signifieth in the Forrest law , an amerciament for not cutting out the balls of great Dogs feet in the Forrest ; it cometh from the Dutch word Fusz , and Gelten to loosen . Fownder , is when a ship by an extraordinary leak becomes full , or half full of water . Fox stones , an Herb so called from the likenesse of the Root . F R Fracid , ( lat . ) rotten ripe . Fraction , ( lat . ) a breaking , also a dissention among parties , in Arithmetick it is taken for a number having two denominations . Fragility , ( lat . ) aptnesse to break , brittlenesse . Fragment , ( lat . ) a broken part , or piece of any thing . Fragrancie , ( lat . ) an odorousnesse , or sweetnesse of smell . Fraisheur , ( French ) freshnesse , coolnesse , livelinesse . Franck , a French Coyn , of about the value of two shillings . Franchise , in French , signifieth liberty , it is taken in Common-law for a priviledge , or exemption from ordinary Jurisdiction , also an immunity from tribute . Franci , a certain people , anciently inhabiting a part of Germany , who entred into Gallia , under the conduct of Pharamond , and conquered a great part of the Kingdom , whence it came afterwards to be called France . Francis , a proper name of men , or women , from the German word Franck , i. e. free , not servile ; answerable to the Greek Eleutherius , and the Latin Liberius . Franciscans , an order of Fryars , instituted by St. Francis , in the year 1198. they were injoyned chastity , obedience , poverty , and many other strict rules of life and conversation . Frank almoine , ( French ) signifies in Common-law , such Lands and Tenements as are bestowed upon those people that give themselves up wholly to the service of God for pure almes . Franck bank , such Copy-hold lands as the wife , being espoused a Virgin hath after her husbands decease , for his dowr . Frank fee , that which is in the hand of the King , or Lord of a Mannour , being ancient demesne of the Crown , whereas that which is in the hand of the Tenants is ancient demesne onely . Frank ferm , is land , wherein the nature of Fee is changed by Feoffement , out of Knights service for certain yearly services . Frank law , is taken for a free injoyment of all those priviledges , which the Law permits to a man not found guilty of any hainous offence . Frank marriage , a Tenure in tail special , whereby a man hath Land with a woman to hir , and the Heirs of his body without doing any service , but fealty to the Donour . Frank pledge , a pledge , or surety for free-men . Frank ford , a famous Citie upon the River Maenus , being the chiefest Mart-Town in Germany . Fra●c●●ia , a Countrey in the East part of Germany , called Frankenland . F●antick , Phrenetick , ( Greek ) mad . Fraternity , ( lat . ) a brother-hood , also a company of men entered into a firm bond of society , or friendship . Fratricelli , a sort of Hereticks , instituted by one Hermannus in the year 1304. they preached Community among Christians , and that it was unlawfull for them to be Governours one over another . Fratricide , ( lat . ) the killing of ones brother . Fratruels , ( lat . ) brothers Children . Fraudation , ( lat . ) a defrauding , or depriving . Fra●dulency , ( lat . ) deceitfullnesse , craftinesse . Frea , the same as Friga . Frederick , ( ●erm . ) rich peace , of this name there have been three Emperours of Germany , for Frederick we commonly use Frery and Fery . Frediswid , ( Sax. ) very free , a womans proper name . Free●ooter , a Souldier that makes inroades into an enemies Countrey , for Cattel , or any other commodity from the enemies Countrey , it cometh from the Dutch words Frey , i. e. free , and beut , i. e. prey , the Italians call them Banditi . Free Chappel , a Chappel founded within a Parish , over and above the mother Church , unto which it is free for the Parishioners to come , or not to come . Freedstol , ( i. e. the stool of Peace ) a certain Chair of stone , erected by King Athelitan , in honour of John de Beverly , Arch-Bishop of York , to which Offenders used to fly for sanctuary . Free-h●ld , free Tenure , or Land , which a man holdeth in Fee-tail , or at the least for term of life . Free-warren , ( in Latin Libera Warrena ) the power of granting , or denying Licence to any to hunt , or chace in such , or such Lands . Fremund , ( Sax. ) free peace , a proper name . Frendl●sse-man , in the Saxon tongue , signifieth an out-law . Freob●rgh , or Fridburgh , the same , in the Saxon tongue , as Franck-pledge in French , a surety for the peace , or good behaviour . Frery , a proper name of a man , contracted from Frederick , which signifieth in Saxon tongue rich peace . Frescades , ( French ) cool refreshments against the heat of the summer . To walk in Fresco , ( Ital. ) to take the fresh aire , also to drink in Fresco , to drink fresh liquor . Fresh disseisin , in Common-law , is that d●ss●isin that a man may seek to defeat of his own power , without the help of the King , or his Judges . Fresh force , a force done within fou●●y dayes . Fresh shot , is when any great River comes into the Sea , so that it is fresh water for a mile , or two . Fresh sute , is such an earnest following of an Offendour as never ceaseth from the time of the offence committed untill he be apprehended . Fretrots , a sort of Hereticks , not much different from those which are called Adamites . Friars minors , Augustines Preachers and Carmelites , ( which are the four principa● orders ) see in their proper places , to these also belonging Fryars observants , Conventuales , ●apuchins . Fric●sse , ( French ) a kind of fried meat . Frication , ( Latin ) a rubbing , or chafing . Friga , a certain Goddesse , anciently worshipp'd by the Saxons , under the form of an Hermaphrodite . Frigate , in Spanish Fragata , a spial ship . Frigefaction , ( lat . ) a making cold . Frigeratorie , ( lat . ) a place to make , or keep things cool . Frigidity , ( lat . ) coldnesse . Friperer , ( French ) in Latin Interpolator , one that cleanseth old Apparel to sell again . Frisia , one of the seven United Provinces , called Friezland . Frithsoken , a surety , or defence from the Saxon words Frid , i. e. peace , and Socen , i. e. to seek . Fritiniency , ( lat . ) the chirping of a swallow . Frivolous , ( lat . ) vain of little worth . Frize , a Term in Architecture , the garnishing of the upper end of a pillar . Frondosity , ( Latin ) a flourishing with green leaves , being just under the architrave . Frontal , ( lat . ) belonging to the forehead , also used substantively for an attire of the forehead , called also a frontlet . Frontispiece , ( lat . ) the forefront of a house , also a picture placet before any book . Frontiers , the borders , or limits of any place . Frontiniack , a kinde of sweet luscious French wine . Frontstall , a part of a horses bridle . Frote , ( old word ) to rub . The Frounce , a disease in a hawks tongues called in French Barbillon . Fructifie , ( lat . ) to bring forth fruit . Frugality , ( lat . ) thriftinesse , sparingnesse in expences . A Fruggin , a Fork to stir about the fuel in an Oven , from the French word Fourgon , an Oven Fork . Fruitery , ( French ) a place for fruit . Frutiges , ( lat . ) branched work , or the representation of fruit in Sculpture , or painting . Frumenty , pottage made of wheat , from the Latin word Frumentum , i. e. wheat . Frustration , ( lat . ) a making vain , a deceiving ; In Astrology , it is used when a light Planet would come to a Conjunction with one more heavy , and before it doth accomplish it , the more weighty Planet is joyned with another . Frustulent ( lat . ) full of Frusta , or small pieces . Frutication , ( lat . ) a sprouting , or shooting forth of young branches . Fryth , ( old word ) wood . F U Fucation , ( lat . ) a mending the complexion by drugs , or artificial colours . Fugacity , ( lat . ) aptnesse to fly way . Fugalia , ( lat . ) certain feasts celebrated by the ancient Romans in remembrance of the expulsion of Kings out of Rome . Fugation , ( lat . ) a putting to flight . Fugne , ( French ) a Term in Musick , when two parts answer one the other in the same point . Fugitive goods , the goods of a fugitive , or him that flies away for felony , which are forfeit to the King , or State. Fuir , or Fuer en feit , is when a man doth corporally fly ; Fuer en ley , is , when being called in the County , he appeareth not untill he be outlawed . Fulbert , ( Sax. ) full bright , a proper name . Fulgidity , or Fulgency , ( lat . ) glistringnesse , or brightnesse . Fulguration , ( lat . ) a lightning , or flashing of fire in the Clouds , which precedes the Thunder . Fulfremed , ( Saxon ) perfect . Fulians , certain Monks of the Order of St. Bernard . Fuliginous , ( Latin ) sooty , or full of smoak . Fullonical , ( lat . ) pertaining to a Fuller , or scourer of cloath . Fulmination , ( lat . ) a striking with lightning , also metaphorically taken for threatning . Fulvid , ( lat . ) of a kinde of dusky colour . Fumets , by the hunters used for the ordure of an Hart. F●midity , ( lat . ) smoakinesse . Fumigation , ( lat . ) a perfuming with the smoak of sweet wood . Fumitory , a kinde of Herb , called in Spanish Palomilla . Funambulatour , ( lat . ) a Dancer on the Ropes . Function , ( lat . ) the performance , or exercise of any duty , or office . Funditour , ( lat . ) a slinger , or darter . Funebrous , ( lat . ) sad , mournfull , relating to Funerals . Funestation , ( lat . ) a polluting with a dead body . Fungosity , ( lat . ) spunginesse , or a being thin , and full of holes like a Mushrom . Funnel , an instrument very small at one end to convey liquors into any narrow-mouthed vessel . Furacity , ( lat . ) an inclination to steal or pilfer . Furbish , ( French ) to polish or make bright . Furcation , ( lat . ) a putting into the fashion of a fork . Furies , faigned by the Poets to be the three daughters of Acheron , and night , Alecto , Megaera , and Tisiphone , whose office was to torment the minds of transgressours , they possest Orestes for a while , but afterwards being appeased they were called Eumenides . Furibund , ( lat . ) mad , or raging . Furina , a Goddesse among the Romans , who was held to be the patronesse of theeves . Furlong , a certain measure containing 20 poles in length , being the eighth part of a mile . It is also taken for a perch or the eighth part of an acre of land . Furnivalls , an ancient Family , Lords of Fernham in Buckinghamshire , who hold their Lands by this Tenure , namely to find the King upon his Coronation day , a glove for his right hand , and to support his right arm while he holds his Scepter . Furole , ( French ) a kind of little Meteor appearing in the night , by some called St. Hermes fire . Furres , which are of several sorts , as Sables , Lucerns , Genets , Foines , Martens , Minivers , Fitch , Shankes , Calabre . See in their proper places . Furring , ( in Navigation ) is a ripping off the first planks of a ship , and putting other timbers upon the first , and so putting on the planks upon the timbers which they call plank upon plank . Furtive , ( lat . ) given to stealing , or done by stealth . Fusibility , ( lat . ) aptness , or easiness to be melted . Fusil , ( lat . ) a spindle , also a term in Heraldry , being the resemblance of a spindle in a Coat of Arms. Fusion , ( lat . ) a melting . Fustian , in Latin Xylinum , a kind of stuff made of the down of a certain fruit growing in the upper part of Aegypt . Futility , ( lat . ) vanity , lightness . Futtocks , those compassing timbers which are scarfed upon the ground timbers and give breadth to a ship . Future , ( lat . ) that which is to come . F Y Fyre levin , ( old word ) lightning . G A GAbala , a Town of Syria Cava , which is now called Gibel or M●rgad . Gabardine , a kind of rough Cassock , like an Irish mantle . Gabberies , ( French ) mockeries , gibings , wilie deceits . Gabel , ( French ) any kind of tribute or impost . Gabion , a kind of fortification made of baskets filled with dirt . Gable end of a house , a term in Architecture , signifying the top of a house . Some take it for the fore part or frontispiece , called also Delicia . Gabrantovici , the name of an ancient people of Brittain , who inhabited some part of Yorkshire . Gabriel , the name of the Angel that appeared to the Virgin Mary , signifying in Hebrew strong with God. Gabrosentum , an ancient frontier station of the Romans , kept by the second Band of the Thracians ; it is thought to have stood in that part of the Bishoprick of Durham and Northumberland , where 〈◊〉 Newcastle and Gateshead stand . Gaddefly , a certain Insect which stings cattel , called also a Brie . Gades , two Islands lying westward beyond the Streights , by some called Hercules his Pillars . Gage , in Common Law signifieth a pawn or surety , also to gage deliverance , or to wage deliverance , signifieth to put in surety . Gage a ship , to stick a naile into a pole , and put it down by the rudder , thereby to know how much water the ship draws . Gaging rod , an instrument to measure any vessel of liquid stuff . Gaiety , ( French ) chearfulness , gallantry . Cleopatra . Some say it is derived from the Latin word Gaudeo , to rejoyce . Gainage , in Common Law , is Land held of the baser kind of sokemen or villeines . Gainesborough , a Town in Lincolnshire , where anciently the Danish ships lay at rode , and where Suene Tiugskege a Danish Tyrant after he had miserably harrassed the Country , was stabbed by an unknown man. Galactite , ( Greek ) a kind of pretious stone , so called because it is white as milk . Galanthis , the servant maid of Alcmena , who for deluding Juno , that sought to hinder the birth of Hercules , was turned into a Weasel . Galathea , a Sea Nimph , the Daughter of Nereus and Doris , who being beloved of Polypheme , and prefering Acis before him , Polypheme killed his rival with a great stone which he pluckt out of a rock : whereupon Acis was turned into a River of the same name . Galatia , a region of Asia the Less , called also Gallogrecia . Galaxy , ( Greek ) a broad white circle in the sky , which is made by the light reflected from a great company of little Stars . It is called the milky way . Galbanum , a kind of gum , issuing out of a plant called Sagapane , or Fennel Gyant . Gale , when the wind bloweth gently , so that a ship may bear her top-sailes a trip , it is called a loom gall ; when it is much wind , a fresh or stiff gale . Galege , or Galage , ( in French Galloches ) a kind of outward shooe , worn in dirty weather , which hath been anciently in use among the Gaules from whence the word is derived . Galena , the ancient name of a Town in Oxfordshire , now called Wallingford . Galenus , a famous Physitian of Pergamus , who flourished ▪ in the time of the Emperour Commodus , and writ many excellent Volumes . Galeon , or Gallion , ( French ) a great Ship of war. Galeote , ( French ) a small Gally ; also one that rows in a Gally . Galgacus , the name of a valiant Brittain , who led an army against the Romans . Galilaea , a Region of Syria lying north of Judea . Galingale , the aromatical root of the rush Cypresse , called Acorus . Gallantry , ( French ) compleatnesse , accomplishment , or a bold confident way of courtship . Artam . Gallego , ( Span. ) an inhabitant of Galatia . Gallia , a great Country of Europe anciently inhabited by the Gaules , now called France . Galliard , ( French ) lusty , also substantively taken for a kind of dance . Galliardise ( French ) lustiness , livelyness . Gallie-foist , see Foist . Galliegaskines , or Galligascoines , a kind of breeches , first in use among the inhabitants of that part of France which is called Gascoine . Gallimafry , a kind of meat made up of several sorts of meats minced together . It was so called either because it was allotted to the Gally-slaves , or else because it was invented by the Gaules . Galloches , see Galege . Gallon , ( Spanish ) a measure containing two quarts . Ga●loway , a County of Scotland , the people whereof were anciently called Novanti ; also a County of Ireland in the Province of C●naught . Galloon , a kind of Lace . Gallulate , ( lat . ) to begin to have a great voice . Gallus , a River in Phrygia , of which when the Priests of Cybele drank , they were agitated with divine fury , whence they were called Galli ; also the name of a young man who suffering Sol to discover the adultery of Mars and Venus , was by Mars turned into a cock . Galnes , in the practick of Scotland , signifies any kind of satisfaction for slaughter . Gamahez , in Arabick , signifieth certain figures or images of things wrought exactly by nature . Gamaliel , ( Hebr. ) Gods reward . Gambado , a thing made of leather for a man to put his legges into when he rides . Gamboles , certain games , or tricks which are in use about Christmasse time , from the Italian word Gamba , a leg . Gammot , an incision-knife . Gamut , the first note in the scale of Musick . Ganch , to put men to death as they do in Turky , by letting them fall from a high place upon sharp hooks . Ganges , a very great River rising out of the Scythian Mountaines , and running thorough the middest of India . Gangflower , a certain Flower which flourisheth in Procession or Rogation-week , by some called Rogation-flower . Gangiators , or Gaugeators , signifies in the practick of Scotland , those that examine weights and measures , mark cloth , &c. Gangraen , ( lat . ) a spreading sore , an eating ulcer which mortifies the member by reason of the greatness of the exhalation . Gang-week , the next week but one before Whitsunday , in which solemn prayer and procession , used to be injoyned by the Church as a preparation to the Feast of the Ascension . It is also called Rogation-week . Gantlet , or Gauntlet , ( French ) a certain Military glove . To run the Gantlope , a punishment used among souldiers , the offender being to run with his back naked through the whole Regiment , and to receive a lash from every souldier . It comes from Gant , a Town in Flanders , where it was invented , and the Dutch word Lope , which signifies running . Ganymed , the son of Tros , whom for his excellent form , Jupiter fell in love with , and causing him to be brought up to Heaven upon an Eagles back , made him his Cup-bearer instead of He●e the daughter of Juno . Also it is metaphorically taken for an ingle or boy hired to commit Sodomy . Garamantes , a people of Lybia , so called from Garamas their King , the son of Apollo . Garbe , a sheaf of Corn , from the French word gerbe , a bundle ; also handsomness , graceful carriage , from the Italian word Garbo , also a sharp piquant relish in wine or beer . Garbel , or Garboord , a plank next to the keel of a ship . Garble , to purifie , to sort out the bad from the good , an expression borrowed from Grocers , who are said to garble their Spices , i. e. to purifie them from the dross and dirt . Garboile , ( French ) tumult or trouble . Garcifer , in the practick of Scotland , signifies a boy that serves in the Mill. Gard , in Common Law is taken for a custody or care of defence , as the education of children under age , or the like . Gardein , in Common Law , is he that hath the charge or custody of any person or thing , especially he that hath the education of children , and the government of their estates , until they come to 20 years of age ; also that hath the charge of idiots , or frantick persons during their lunacy , he is called by the Civilians Tutor or Curator . Gardein of the Spirituality , is he to whom the spiritual jurisdiction of any Diocess is committed during the vacancy of the See. Garderobe , a kind of herb so called ; also the same as Wardrop . Gardmanger , ( French ) a storehouse or sellar for meat . Gare , a kind of very course wool . Gargarism , ( Greek ) the bubling of any liquor in the throat , to wash the throat and mouth . Gargarus , the top of the Mountain Ida. Gargantua , the name of a great Gyant or Monster , from the Spanish word Garganta , a throat . Garner , see Granary . Garnet , a tackle to hoise goods into a Ship. Garnishment , ( French ) signifieth in Common Law , the issuing forth a Writ of scire facias against the Plaintiff , for an action of Detinue of charters brought against the Defendant ; also a fee which prisoners give their keepers at their admittance into prison . Garnison , ( French ) preparation or furniture . Garret , a proper name . See Gerrard . Garrison , ( French ) a Town or Strong hold fortified and kept by souldiers . Garrulity , ( lat . ) much tatling , or prateing . Garter , the chief of the three Kings at armes , also half a bend in Blazon . See Bend. Gasehound , a certain sort of dogs of an excellent hunting kind , being the same with that which among the old Greeks was called Agasaeus . G●stenesse , ( old word ) terror . Gastrimyth , ( Greek ) one that speaketh inwardly , as it were out of his belly . Gastroepiploic vein , see vein . Gaude , ( old word ) a toy or trifle . To Gaude , ( old word ) to mock , to scoff at . Gaudy dayes , certain Festival dayes observed in Colledges or the Innes of Court. Gavelet , an ancient kind of cessavit used in Kent , whereby the tenant in Gavelkind shall forfeit all his Lands and Tenements , to the Lord of whom they are holden , if he withdraw his due rents & services . Gavelkind , from the three Saxon words , Gife , Eal , Cyn , i. e. given to all the kind , signifieth in Common-law , an equal division of the fathers Lands among all the Children , or of the Lands of a brother deceased among his brethren , if he have no issue of his own . Gaunt , in Latin Gandavum , the chief City of Flanders , which is said to have 20 Islands , and 48 Bridges within the Walls . Gawdy-dayes , see Gaudy-dayes . Gawen , see Waldwin . Gawgeours , the same as Gangeatours , they are also called Gagers . A Gazehound ▪ a certain hound , so called from the Greek word Agazomai , because of its admirable quicknesse of sight . Gazet , ( French ) a certain Venetian Coyn , also a brief general relation of the Occurrences , or Affairs of Christendom . Gazul and Subit , two Aegyptian weeds of which being burnt to ashes , they make the finest sort of glasses , which are called Venice glasses , because they are made at Venice . G E Geat , a sort of precious stone , otherwise called black Amber , and thought by some to be the same with Gagates , whence it is derived . Gebalena , a Countrey bordering upon Eleutheropolis . Gebaltark , the streights , vulgarly called the streights of Gibralter , it comes from the Arabian word Gebal a Mountain , and Tareck the son of Abdalla , who brought his Army over those streights . Gehenna , a certain Vally , where the Israelites sacrificed to Moloch , Metaphorically taken for Hell. Geld , ( Saxon ) money , or tribute , it is also called Gild , or Guild . Geldable , one of the three parts , into which Suffolk is divided , the other two being St. Edmund's liberty , and St. Audrey's liberty . Geldria , the Dutchy of Gelderland , in the Low-Countreys . Gelicide , ( lat . ) frost . Gelidity , ( lat . ) icynesse , coldnesse . Gelo , a young boy of Sicily , who sitting upon the threshold of a School , and making an out-cry after a Wolf that had snatched his book out of his hand , the master and Scholars making a sudden tumult , were all killed by the fall of the School-house . Gelones , a certain people of Scythia , who paint their faces that they may appear the more terrible in war. Geloum , a certain Lake in Sicily , near which there are two Fountains of that nature , that the waters of one make women fruitfull , the other barren . Gem , or Gemme , a Jewel , or precious stone , also a bud , or blossome . Gemination , ( lat . ) a doubling . Geminels , ( lat . ) Twins , also one of the twelve signes in the Zodiack , into which the Poets faign that Castor and Pollux , the sons of Tyndarus and Leda were changed , is called Gemini . Gemites , a kinde of precious stone . Gemmerie , a Cabinet to keep Jewels in , a Jewel house . Gemote , a Court belonging to a hundred . Gemmosity , ( lat . ) an abounding with Jewels , also a sprouting forth of blossoms . Gemony , a place in Rome , where malefactors were cast headlong into the River Tiber. A Gemow-ring , a kinde of double Ring , linked with two , or more links . Gendarme , ( French ) a horse-man compleatly armed . Gencaleathud , ( Sax. ) approached . Genealogie , ( Greek ) a Description of ones family , descent , or linage . Generation , ( lat . ) an engendring , or begetting . Generosity , ( lat . ) noblenesse of minde , or of bloud . Genesis , ( Greek ) the same as generation from the Latin , also the Title of the first book of Moses , because it treats of the beginning , or generation of the world . Genethliaques , ( Greek ) books , which treat of the foretelling of mens fortunes by the calculation of their Nativities . Genets , a kinde of fur , which is taken from a beast of the same name . Geneva , a fair Imperial Town upon the Lake Leman in Savoy , next to the Borders of Swizzerland . Genial , ( lat . ) festival , joyfull , helpfull to generation . Geniculation , ( lat . ) a joynting . Genital , ( lat . ) apt to ingender , or beget , also Genitals are taken substantively for the Members of Generation . A Geniting , a kinde of Apple , which is first ripe of any others . Genitive case in Grammer is the second of the six Cases , and is commonly known by the sign of Genius , ( lat . ) the good , or evil spirit attending on every man , or proper to each several place , also a mans nature , fancy , or inclination . Genoa , the chief Citie of Liguria in Italy famous for Traffick , called also Genes . Gensericus , a King of the Vandals , he took Carthage , spoyled the Temples , and made stables of them for his horses . Gent , ( old word ) proper , handsome . Gentian , an Herb found out , as some say by Gen●ius , King of Illyrium . Gentilesse , ( French ) Gentility , Noblenesse , or Gallantry . Cleopat . Gentilisme , ( lat . ) Heathenisme , or the belief of the Gentiles . Gentilitial , ( lat . ) pertaining to kindred , or ancestors . Gentil , a kinde of insect , called a Maggot . Genua , see Genoa . Genuflexion , ( lat . ) a kneeling , or bending of the knee . Genuine , ( lat . ) natural , or proper . Genus , ( lat . ) a kinde , a stock , or linage , also one of the five Predicables in Logick , being that which containeth under it , the species , or lesser considerations , also a Gender . Geodoesia , ( Greek ) the art of measuring of Land. Geography , ( Greek ) the exact description of all the Regions , and Countreys of the earth . Geomanty , ( Greek ) a kinde of divination , by certain Circles made on the earth . Geometry , ( Greek ) the measuring of the earth , but it is commonly taken for the art of measuring in general . Geoponical , ( Greek ) belonging to tilling , or manuring the ground . George , a proper name , signifying in Greek husband-man , the chief of this name was George of Cappadocia , a Tribune under ●ioclesian , who killed a mighty Serpent in Africa , to whom a Virgin was cast to have been devoured , he is thought to be the same with St. George the Champion . Georgians , a people inhabiting Albania , now called Georgia , professing themselves Christians , though differing in many points from us , and honouring St. George as their chief Patron , also a Sect of Hereticks ; instituted at Delft by David George , whose Doctrine was , that both the Law and the Gospel were unprofitable for salvation . Georgicks , ( Greek ) books that treat of husbandry , and tillage . Geornlick , ( Sax. ) willingly . Gerah , an Hebrew measure , being the 20th . part of a shekle . Gerard , ( Sax. ) all towardnesse , a proper name , for Gerard we frequently use Garret . Gerfalcon , a kinde of bird , which is between a Vultur and a Hawke . Germander , an Herb called English Treacle . Germanity , ( lat . ) a brotherhood , sisterhood , or very near relation . Germination , ( lat . ) a budding forth . Gertrude , the proper name of a woman from the Saxon words Ger , and Trude , i e. all truth . Gervase , a proper name of men , from the German word Gerfast , i. e. all fast , firm , or sure , answering to the Latin word Constans , others contract it from the Greek Gerousios , i. e. ancient , or honourable , the chief of this name was a famous Matyr , who suffered under Nero at Millain . Gerunds , in Grammar are certain parts of a Verb , so called from bearing a double signification , both active and passive . Geryon , a certain King of the Spanish Islands , called Baleares , who is fain'd by the Poets to have had three bodies , and to have been killed by Hercules . Gesamund , ( Sax. ) assembled . Gestation , ( lat . ) a carrying . Gesticulation , ( lat . ) a making signs by gestures , or motions of the body , also a kinde of Morrice dancing . Gestion , ( lat . ) a doing , or carriage of any businesse . Gests , ( lat . ) great actions , or exploits performed . Getealed , ( Sax. ) numbred . Gethild , ( Sax. ) patience . Getulians , a certain barbarous people , who were the first inhabitants of Aphrica . Geules , a Term in Heraldry , signifying a red , or Vermilion colour . Gewgaws , or Gugaws , trifles for children to play with , derived as some think from the Latin word gaudere , to rejoyce . G H Gheus , an ignominious Term , heretofore given to the Protestants in Flanders , the word signifying as much as beggar . G I Gibbosity , ( lat . ) a bunching out , but more especially taken for a bunching in the back . Gibe , ( old word ) to mock , from the French word gaber . Gibellines , see Guelphs . Gibraltar , see Gebaltarch . Gibsere , a pouch , a word used by Chaucer . Gideon , or Gedeon , ( Hebr. ) a Breaker or Destroyer . Gifta , ( Sax. ) Marriage . Gifu , ( Sax. ) Grace . Gigantick , big-bodied , Gyant-like . Gigantomachy , ( Greek ) the ancient war of the Gyants against Heaven , often mentioned by the Poets . Giglet , or Giglot , a wanton woman or strumpet . Chaucer . Gigot , ( French ) a kind of minced meat . Gilbert , a proper name of men , signifying in the German tongue Gold-like bright , answering the Lat. Aurelius , or Aurelian : others write Gislebert , i. bright pledge . Gilbertines , a certain religious Order instituted by one Gilbert , who for his great holinesse was Canonized for a Saint . Gild , see Geld. Giles , a proper name of men , contracted from Aegidious , which some derive from the Greek word Aigidion , i. a little kid . Others derive Giles from Julius , as Gilian from Juliana . Gillet , a womans name contracted in like manner from Aegidia . Gillingham , a Forrest in Dorsetshire , where Edmund Ironside overthrew the Danes in a great pitch feild . Gilthead , a kind of fish , so called from its golden colour . Gimlet , a piercer to pierce any barrel of liquor withal . Gimmal , see Gemmow-ring . Gingreat , to chirp like a bird . Ginne , a snare , contracted as some think from Engin. Gippius , a certain Roman , who using to feign himself asleep , while his wife lay with other men ; one time he started up and cryed , non omnibus dormio , I sleep not to all men ; whence it became a Proverb . Gippon , ( French ) a kind of short cassock , or coat . Gips , a kind of chalk or mortar . Girle , a term in Hunting , being a Roe-buck of two years . Gironne , a certain term in Heraldry . Girthol , in the practick of Scotland , signifieth a Sanctuary . Girvii , a people in times past inhabiting the Fenny parts of Lincolnshire , Cambridgeshire , &c. the word signifying Fen-dwellers . Gisarms , a kind of weapon with two pikes , which some call Bisarmes . Giste , ( French ) a Couch or resting place , also a writing which contains the names of the Towns or Houses where a King or Prince intends to lie in his progress . Gite , ( old word ) a gown . G L Glaciation , ( lat . ) a freezing . Gladiatour , ( lat . ) a Swordman or Fencer , from the Latin word gladius , a sword . Gladin , or Gladiole , a certain herb whose leaf resembleth a sword . Gladuse , ( Brittish ) the proper name of divers women , from Claudia . Glandage , ( French ) mastage , or the season of feeding hogs with mast . Glandulous , ( lat . ) full of kernels , from the Latin word glans a kernel . Glanoventa , an ancient Town of Northumberland , garrisoned by the first Cohort of the Morini , so called because it stood upon the bank of the River Venta , now called Wantsbeck . Glastenbury , a famous Abby founded by Joseph of Arimathaea , near unto which in Wiral Park groweth a Hawthron , which is reported to put forth leaves and blossomes upon Christmasse Day , as fresh as in May , also in the Church-yard there grew a Wallnut-tree , which as some have affirmed , did not put forth his leaves until St. Barnabies Feast . Glaucitation , ( lat . ) a crying like a whelp . Glaucus , the son of Hippolochus , he assisted Priamus in the Trojan war , and taking Diomeds brazen arms for his own which were of Gold , he was killed by Ajax ▪ and his body being carried into Lycia by the winds , was changed into a River ; Also the name of a fisher , who tasting of a certain herb , leapt into the Sea and was made a Sea-god . Glayve , ( old word ) a kind of crooked sword or bill . Glaze , to vernish . Glebeland , land belonging to a Parsonage , from gleba , a clod or turf . Glede , ( old word ) a hot ember or coal , also a puttock or kite . Glee , joy or mirth , from the Dutch word glooren , to recreate . Gleire , ( old word ) white . Glimmering , a glancing or trembling light . Globosity , ( lat . ) a being round like a bowle or globe . Globous , ( lat . ) round like a globe . Globe , vide Spheare . Glocester , the chief City of Glocestershire , it was called by the Saxons Glevecester , in Latin Glevum , by the Brittains Caer-Glove , i. fair City : It is also called by some Claudia-Cestria , from the Emperour Claudius , who as it is fabulously reported , married his daughter Genissa to Arviragus the Brittish King. Glocester Hall , a place for Students in Oxford , built by John Lord Gifferd of Brimesfeild . Glome , ( old word ) a bottom of thread . Glomeration , ( lat . ) a rolling or gathering into a round lump . Gloomy , ( old word ) dusky or dark . Gl●se , ( old word ) to flatter . Glossator , or G●●ssographer , he that makes a Glosse or Comment to interpret the hard meaning of words or things . Glutination , ( lat . ) a joyning together with glue . Glycerium , a Curtesan of Thespia , who gave the picture of Cupid which she had of Praxiteles , as a legacy to the Thespians . Glyster , see Clyster . G N Gnarity , ( lat . ) knowingnesse , experience . Gnarr , or Gnurre , a hard knot in wood , also a churle . Gnathonichal , playing the Gnatho , i. e. a parasite or deceitful fellow . Gnatsnapper , a certain Bird called a figgeater , in Latin Ficedula . Gnavity , ( lat . ) a being industrious , active , or vigorous , in any business . Gnew , ( old word ) gnawed . Gnoff , ( old word ) a churl or fool . Gnomonick , ( Greek ) belonging to a gnomon , or pin of a Dial. Gnosticks , from the Greek word gnosis , knowledge , a sect of Hereticks , instituted by one Carpocras in the year 125 , they assumed to themselves a great degree of knowledge , denied the day of Judgement , and held two Supream Deities , one good , the other bad . Gnurre , see Gnarre . G O Gobonated , a term in Heraldry , as a bordure gobonated is when it is divided into two colours , in such sort , as if it were cut into small gobbets . Go to God , signifieth in Common Law , to be dismissed the Court. Godard , a proper name of men , signifying in the German tongue , Godly disposition . Godfrey , another proper name signifying Gods peace . Godwin , ( Germ. ) victorious in God. Goetie , ( ●reek ) Witchcraft , Diabolical Magick . Gofish , ( old word ) sottish . Gog and Magog , signifying in the Hebrew tongue , covered or uncovered , are taken in Scripture for certain Nations that shall persecute the Church . To be Agog , to be eagerly bent upon a thing , also to be puft up with pride . Golden number the full course of the Moon , which is performed in 19 years . See Cycle . Golden Fleece , small graines of Gold which are found by Rivers and Brookes , and gathered up by the help of sheep-skinnes with the wool on , of these Graines there were great plenty upon the Cholchian shore , which gave occasion to the Fable of Jason and his Argonauts . G●ldfoile , leaf Gold. Goldknops , a flower called Crow-foot . Golgotha , a place hard by Mount Sion , full of malefactors bones : It signifieth in the Syrian tongue a place of dead mens s●ulls . Golierdies , ( old word ) ravenously mouthed . Golp , ( Spanish ) a slash or blow . Goman , ( Saxon ) a married man. Gomer , an Hebrew measure containing almost a gallon and a pint over . Gondola , or Gondolot , a kind of boat much used at Venice . Gonfennon , ( old word ) a little flag . Gonorrhaea , ( Greek ) a disease called the running of the reines . Good abearing , or Good behaviour , signinifieth in Common Law , an exact carriage of a subject toward the King and his leige people . Goodmanchester , a Town in Huntingtonshire , so abounding in tillage , that Kings in times past , coming that way , were received in country fashion with 180 ploughs . Goods escheat , goods confiscate . Goosewing , in Navigation ▪ is a fitting up the sail , so as that the ship may go before a wind or quarter winds with a fair fresh gale . Gorbelly , one who is all panch or belly . Gorcrow , a Raven . G●rdieus , a Mountain of Armenia , where the Ark of Noah was said to rest . Gordius , a King of Phrygia , who being raised from the plough to the Throne , hung up the furniture of his oxen in the Temple , as a memorial , which being tied in a very intricate knot , and the Monarchy of the World being promised to him that could untie it , Alexander the Great after he had long tried in vain , at length cut it in two with his sword , whence the Gordian knot came to be a proverb , being taken for any thing which is difficult to be expounded . Gore , a term in Blazon , and consists of two Arch lines drawn from the sinister chief and bottom of the Escutcheon , and meeting in a sharp angle in the fesspoint . Gorgious , gallant , sumptuous , some think from the Greek word Gargairo , i. e. to shine . Gorgons , the three daughters of Phorcys Medusa , Sthenio , and Euriale , with Medusa Perseus fought , and cutting off her head , turned it into a stone . Also particularly taken for the head of Medusa in Astrology . Gorlois , a Prince of Cornwall , whose wife Vther Pendragon fell in love with , and injoying her by the means of his Magical delusions , he begat King Arthur . Gormandize , ( French ) to play the gourmand , i. a glutton or great devourer . Some derive it from the Latin words gulose mandere ▪ i. to eat greedily . Gormoncester , a Town in Huntingtonshire , the same with G●odmanchester above mentioned , it was called Gormoncester , from Gormon , the Dane , unto whom , after an agreement of peace , King Alfred granted this Town with the adjoyning Territories , it is thought to have been the same Town with that which was called in old times Durosiponte . Gospel , a Saxon word , signifying good saying , or Gods word ; it is commonly taken for one of the four Evangelists in the New Testament . Gossehauke , quasi Grossehauke , a kind of Hauke called in Greek Asterias , because of its spots , which are like little Stars . Gossip , one that undertakes for a child in Baptism , the word signifieth in the Saxon tongue , spiritually of kin . Gossomor , or Gossymear , ( Saxon ) a kind of thin Cobweb-like exhalation , which hovers abroad in the air in hot weather . Gothia , a Country of Europe , bordering upon Denmark and Norway ▪ the people are called Gothi , or Gothes , who in former times overrun the greatest part of Europe . Goule , ( old word ) Usury , from the Latin Gula , i. the throat . Gourd , a kind of plant , somewhat like a coucumber , also used by Chaucer for a bottel . Gowtes , a word used in Sommersetshire , common sewes or sinks that run under ground . Gowreth , ( old word ) stareth . G R Gracchus Sempronius , a great Captain of the Romans , who subdued the Celtiberians a people of Spain , and repaired their chief City Illurcis , calling it by his own name Gracchuris : he had two sons by his wife Cornelia , Caius and Tiberius , who were both slain in a popular sedition , seeking to re-establish the Agrarian Laws . Graces , the three daughters of Jupiter and Venus , Aglaia , Euphrosyne , and Thalia , the Goddesses of Elegance , and handsome conversation . Grace , a proper name of divers women , the signification well known . Gracility , ( lat . ) slendernesse . Gradation , ( lat . ) an ascending by degrees . Gradual , that part of the Mass , which uses to be sung between the Epistle and Gospel . Also by degrees . Graduate , ( lat . ) he that hath taken a degree at the University . Graecia , a famous Countrey of Europe , the Nurse of learning , and of all the arts ; its chief Regions are Attica , Boeotia , Phocis Achaia , &c. Graeae , the three daughters of Phocys , who had but one eye and one tooth among them , which they used by turns , they helpt Perseus to overcome their sisters the Gorgons . Graffer , is used in some of the statutes , for a Notary , or Scrivener , from the French word Greffier . A Graie , a beast called a Brock , or Badger . Grains of Paradice , a certain plant , otherwise called Cardamomum . Gramercy , from the French , Grand-merci , i. e. great thanks , an expression of giving thanks . Gramineous , or Gramineal , ( lat . ) grassie , or made of grasse . Gramineal Crown , see Crown . Grammatical , ( Greek ) belonging to the art of Grammar , i. e. the Method of attaining to any language by certain Rules . Granadil , ( Span. ) a Diminutive of Granado , which signifieth a Pomegranate , also a certain Engin like a Pomegranate , which is to be shot out of a piece of Ordinance . Granary , ( lat . ) a place to lay Corn in . Grandevity , ( lat . ) ancientnesse , seniority of years . Grand distresse , in Common-law , is a distresse taken of all the Lands , or Goods that a man hath within the County , or Baylywick . Grandezza , or Grandeur , ( Spanish and French ) greatnesse of state , or of spirit . Cleopatra . Grandiloquence , or Grandiloquie , ( lat . ) Majesty , or heigth of stile . Grandimoniensers , a religious order , erected in the year 1076. by one Stephen of Avern . Grandinous , ( lat . ) belonging to hail . Grandity , ( lat . ) greatnesse . Grand Sergeanty , a certain kinde of service , whereby the Lords of Scrivelby , in Cheshire held their Land , which was to come well armed and mounted into the Kings presence upon the day of his Coronation , and by publick Proclamation to offer himself to maintain the Kings right by open Combat , against whosoever should dare to oppose it , this Tenure belonged by Hereditary succession to the Family of the Dimmocks . Grange , from the Latin word Grana , a building which hath barnes , stables , stalls and all other places necessary for Husbandry . Granicus , a River in Bithynia , famous for the great battel between Alexander and Darius , wherein above 600000 Persians were slain and taken . Granito , ( Ital. ) a kind of speckled marble found in divers places of Italy . Graniferous , ( lat . ) bearing kernels , or grains . Grantcester , see Gron. Granule , ( lat . ) a little grain . Graphical , ( Greek ) curiously describ'd or wrought . Graplings , crooked irons that hold ships together , they are called also Grapnels . Grassation , ( lat . ) a spoyling , or laying waste . Gratiae expectativae , certain Bulles whereby the Pope used to grant out Mandates of Ecclesiastical livings . Gratianople , a Citie of Narbon in France . Gratianus , the name of a Roman Emperour sirnamed Funarius , he was perfidiously slain by Andragathius , one of his Captains in Lions in France . Gratification , ( lat . ) a rewarding , or making amends . Gratis , ( lat . ) freely , for nothing . Gratuity , ( lat . ) a free reward . Gratulation , ( lat . ) a rejoycing in anothers behalf , also a thanking . A Grave , see Greve . Grave a ship , to make her lye drie a ground , and to burn off the filth with stubble . Graveolence , ( lat . ) a smelling rank , or strong . Graver , a small piece of steel used in graving , formed Lozenge , or Diamond square , there are different sorts of graving , see Sele-graving . Gravidity , ( lat . ) a being with Child . Gravity , ( lat . ) heavinesse , or weight , being applied to bodies , also gravenesse , or sobernesse in behaviour . Graunt , in Common-law , is a gift in writing , of such a thing as cannot be passed in word onely . Greace , ( a Term of hunting ) the fat of a Boare , or Hare , the fat of a Boare hath an addition , and is called Bevygreace . Greach-breach , see Grith-breach . Greaves , ( French ) Armour for the legges . Grecisme , ( Greek ) a speaking after the Idiom of the Greek tongue . Gree , willingnesse , from the French word Gre , or the Latin Gratum . Green cloath , the name of a Court of Justice that used to fit in the Coumpting-house of the Kings Court. Green hew , a Term used in the Forrest-laws , signifying every thing that groweth green within the Forrest , it is also called Vert. Greenwich , ( q. Green Creek ) a Town in Kent , where in old times there lay at Rode a great Fleet of the Danes under Thurkill their Captain , who put to a cruel death Ealpheg Arch-Bishop of Canterbury ; this place is also famous for a Royal Palace , built by Humphry Duke of Glocester , and by him named Placence , he also built here upon a high Hill , a pleasant Town famous in Spanish fables . Greese , a staire , or step , from the Latin word Gressus . Gregal , ( lat . ) belonging to a flock . Gregorie , a proper name of men , signifying in Greek watchfull , answering to the Latin Vigilius . Gregorian , a kinde of Cap , also Gregorian account , a correction of the Calender by Pope Gregorie the 13th . making the year to consist of 365 dayes , 5 hours , 49 minutes , and 12 seconds , whereas before according to the Julian account , it consisted of 365 dayes , and 6 hours . Gresham Colledge , a fair house in the Citie of London , once the habitation of Sir Thomas Gresham , who constituted it a Colledge , and endowed it with Revenues for the maintaining of Professours of Divinity , Law , Physick , Astronomy , Geometry , and Musick ; the said Sir Thomas Gresham built also that stately Fabrick , commonly called the Royal Exchange . Greve , or Grave , a word of authority among the Low Dutch , signifying as much as Lord , or Governour . Griff-graff , ( French ) by hook , or by crook . Griffith , see Gryffith . A Grigge , a young Eele . Grilliade , ( French ) a kinde of meat broyled . Grimbald , or Grimoald , a proper name of men , signifying in the German tongue powr over anger . A Griph , ( old word ) a riddle . Grishild , ( Germ. ) the proper name of divers women , signifying Grey Lady , in Latin Gesia . A Grit , a kinde of fish , otherwise called a Grample fish . Grith-breach , or Gich-breach , a breach of peace . Grith , signifying in the Saxon tongue peace . Grobianisme , ( French ) slovenly behaviour . Grommets , in Navigation , are little rings made fast to the upper side of the yard , to which the caskets . Groening , the chief Town of West Frizeland , from the Dutch word Groen , i. e. Green , because it is seated in a Green place . Gromel , or Gromil , a kinde of Herb , called also Pearle plant . Gron , a Saxon word , signifying a fenny place , whence some derive Grandcester , a Town in Cambridge-shire . Groop , ( old word ) a pissing place . Grosvenour , i. e. great Hunter , the name of a Noble family of Cheshire , commonly contracted into Gravenour . Grot , ( Ital. ) a Cave . Grotesch , ( Ital. ) a kind of mixt , or confused piece of painting , or sculpture , antick work ; hence it is taken for any rude misshapen thing . Groveling , quasi Ground-lying , a lying prone , or with ones face downward upon the ground . To Ground a ship , to bring her on the ground to be trimmed . Ground-pine , a kinde of Herb which creeps upon the ground , and hath a resemblance to the Pine-tree . Groundswell , a certain Herb , called in Latin Senecio , because it quickly decayes . Grouppade , ( French ) a Term in horsmanship , being a lofty kinde of management , & higher then an ordinary Curvet . A Growm , an ensign to stretch woollen Cloath with , after it is woven . To grown , the Forresters say a Buck growneth . Grum●sity , ( lat . ) a curdling of any liquid substance into a thick masse , or clod . Gryffen , a certain animal feathered like a foul , and having four feet as a beast , some derive it from the Hebrew word Garaph , i. e. to snatch . Gryph , see Griph . Gryffith , an old Brittish name , signifying strong-faithed . G U Guadalquivir , a River of Andaluzia in Spain , anciently called Baetis . Guadiana , a River of Portugal , now called Ana , which runs fourteen miles under ground , whence they boast of a bridge whereon 10000 Cattel may feed . Guaiacum , a certain drying wood , which is good against the venereal disease . Guastald , he that hath the custody of the Kings mansion houses , Castelein being he , who onely hath the custody of Castles and Fortresses . Guastaliens , a religious order of men and women , begun in the year 1537. by the Countesse of Guastala . A Gubbin , ( old word ) a fragment . Gubernation , ( lat . ) a governing , or ruling . Gudgeons , rudder irons to ships . Guelphs and Gibellines , two great factions in Italy . Guenliana , a valiant Lady , the wife of Gruffin , Prince of Wales , she valiantly assailing Maurice of London , who invaded those parts , was with her son Morgan slain in the battail . Guerdon , ( French ) a reward , some derive it from the Greek word Cerdos , i. e. gain . Gugaws , see Gewgaws . Guidage , money paid for safe conduct , through a strange Territory . Guidon , a Cornet of Argolatiers that serve on hors-back with Petronels . Guilford , Sax. Geglford ) a Town in Surrey , the Royal Mansion in times past of the English Saxon Kings , who had 75 Hages , i. e. houses wherein remained 175 men , here Elfrid the son of King Ethelred was most barbarously betrayed by Goodwin , Earle of Kent , who contrary to his faithfull promise delivered him into the hands of Harold the Dane , and by a cruel decimation slew almost all his men that came with him out of Normandy . Guinethia , or Guineth , that part of Wales commonly called South-wales , it is also called Venedotia . Guild , a society incorporate , from the Dutch word Geld , i. e. money . Guld , a kinde of weed growing among Corn , called in Latin Maneleta , whence came the Law of Maneleta , ordained by King Kenneth of Scotland ; which was , that if any one suffered his land to be over-run with weeds , he should forfeit an Oxe . Gules , see Geules . Gule of August , the first day of August , otherwise called Lammas day , in old Almanacks St. Peter ad Vincula , it cometh from the French word Gueul , i. e. a throat , because on that day , a certain maid having a disease in her throat , was cured by kissing the Chains , that St. Peter had been bound with at Rome . Gulf , or Gulph , a streight passage between two Seas , it comes from the Greek word Colpos . Gulo●ity , ( lat . ) gluttony . Gultwit , an old Saxon word , signifying an amends for trespasse . Gummilda , the wife of Asmond , King of Denmark , she killed her self for grief , that her husband had been slain in battel . Gunora , a Famous Norman Lady , who flourished in Shropshire and Cheshire , and held the Hamlet of Lanton in chief , as of the honour of Mountgomery , by the service of giving to the King a Barb'd-headed , whensoever he should come into those parts to hunt in Cornedon Chace . Gunwale , a piece of Timber in a ship , which reacheth from the half deck to the fore-castle on either side . Gurgitation , ( lat . ) an ingulphing , or swallowing up . Gurnard , a kinde of fish , so called . Gusset , an abatement in Heraldry , form'd of a Travers line drawn from the dexter chief , and descending perpendicularly to the extream base parts , or contrarywise . Gust , in Navigation , is a sudden winde , also taken by some for a stranger , or guest . Guttural , ( lat . ) belonging to the throat . Guzes , in Heraldry , signifieth the ball of the eye . Guy , a proper name of men , in Latin Guido , from the French word Guide , i. e. a leader , or directour . Guy , a certain rope used in a ship , to keep any thing from swinging in too fast . G Y Gy , ( old word ) a guide . Gibbositie , a bunchbacked , the Moons 3. parts full of light . Gyges , a certain Lydian , to whom Candaules the King , having shown his wife naked , she animated him to kill the King , which he did by the help of a Ring , which made him invisible , and afterwards marrying her , he made himself King. Gymnasiarch , ( Greek ) the chief governour of a Gymnase , which is a place for all manner of exercise , both of minde and body . Gymnosophists , ( Greek ) a Sect of Philosophers among the Indians , who went naked , living in desarts , and feeding upon Herbs . Gyndes , a River , ( not far from Euphrates ) which Cyrus besieging Babylon , cut into 46 several Channels . Gypsation , ( lat . ) a plaistering with Mortar . Gyration , ( lat . ) a fetching a compasse , from Gyre , a great circle . Gyron , in Heraldry , signifieth a quarter , or half a Cube described by a Diagonal line . Gysarme , the same as Gisarme . H A HAbberdasher , one that sells a great many several wares , from the Dutch words , habt jhr das , i. e. have you that . Habeas Corpus , a Writ , which a man Indited before Justices of Peace , and laid in prison , may have out of the Kings bench , to remove himself thither at his own charges . Haberdepois , see Averdupoise . Habergeon , a diminutive of Haubert , see Haubert . Habilement , ( French ) cloathing , also armour . Hability , ( lat . ) an aptnesse , or capacity . Habit , ( lat . ) custome , or use , also the attire , or cloathing of the body . Habitation , or Habitacle , ( lat . ) a dwelling , a place of residence . Habitual , ( lat . ) grown to a habit , or custome . Habitude , ( lat . ) the same as habit . Hables , ( French ) a haven , or port . Hachee , or Hach , ( French ) a certain French dish made of sliced meat . Hadock , a kinde of fish , called a Cod-fish . Hadrian , the name of a great Roman Emperour , who was so called from the Citie Hadria , whence he deduced his original , the word is derived by Gesner , from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. grosse , or wealthy . Hadrianople , ( Greek ) a Citie of Macedon in Greece . Haemon , a young man of Thebes , who loving Antigone , the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta , hearing that she was put to death by Creon , he killed himself over her Tomb. Haemorrhagie , ( Greek ) a violent bursting out of bloud . Haemorrhoides , ( Greek ) a certain disease , called in English the Piles . Haemus , a great Mountain dividing Thessaly from Thrace , at the foot of which are the fields of Tempe ; it was so called from Haemus the son of Boreas , and Orithya . Haerede abducto , a Writ that lieth for him , who having the Wardship of his Tenant under age , hath him conveyed away from him by another . Haeresie , ( Greek ) a division in the Church , caused by some erroneous opinion , contrary to the fundamental points of religion . Haesitation , ( lat . ) a sticking at any thing , a doubting . Haga , a word used in some old Writs , for a house . Hagard , ( French ) untam'd , unruly , also a Hagard Hawk is taken for a wilde Hawk . Hagiographer , ( Greek ) a writer of holy things . Haggase , a kinde of pudding made of Hogs flesh . Haie , from the French word Haye , a kinde of Net to catch Conies , which is commonly pitch'tunder hedges . Haile , a word of salutation , from the Saxon word Heal , i. e. health . Haire , is when a Masculine and Diurnal Planet in the day time the earth , or a Feminine nocturnal Planet in the night time under the earth . Haimhaldatio Catallorum , signifieth in the practick of Scotland , a seeking restitution for goods wrongfully taken away . Haketon , a Jacket without sleeves . Chaucer . Halbert , a kinde of weapon , called in Spanish Halabarda . Halcyon , a bird , called a King-fisher , which builds its Nest , and breeds upon the Sea-shore , about the winter ●ol●tice , for the space of fourteen dayes , wherein the weather useth to be very calm , whence by Metaphor peaceable and quiet times , are called Halcyon dayes , the Poets feign that Halcyon the wife of Caeyx , was turned into this bird . See Alcyon . Haledon , a place in Northumberland , where Oswald King of that County , in a great pitcht feild against the Brittish King Cedwall , having erected a cross unto Christ , obtained the victory , and afterwards became a devout Christian. This place was in old times called Heavenfeild . Half-merk , or Noble , a piece of coine valueing 6 shillings 8 pence . Half-seal , is taken for the sealing of Commissions unto delegates , appointed by an appeal in Ecclesiastical or Maritime causes . Halicarnassus , the chief City of Caria , where the famous Tomb of Mausolus was built by Queen Artemisia . Halidome , ( Saxon ) holy judgement , whence , By my Halidome used anciently to be a great oath among country people . Halieuticks , ( Greek ) books treating of the Art of fishing . Halifax , signifying in old English holy hair , a Town in Yorkshire , so called from a Maides head , that had been cut off by a Priest of that place , which being hung upon a yew-tree as a holy matter , was had in great veneration by the people , who gathering of the sprigs of the tree , took it for her hair . Halinitre , ( Greek ) a kind of Mineral commonly called Saltpeter . Hall a Ship , to call to her to know whence she is , and whither bound . Hallage , ( French ) a fee due for clothes brought for sale to Blackwell Hall , or to the Lord of a Market , for commodities vended there . Hallelujah , see Allelujah . H●llucination , ( lat . ) error or blindness of judgement . Halm , from the Hebrew word , halam , to shake the stalk of corn , from the ear to the root . Halsier , a term in Navigation , he that draws the Halser or Cable wherewith boats are towed along some Channel . Halo , ( Greek ) a circle about the Moon , and others of the Stars . Halonesus , an Island in the Aegean Sea , which was defended by women , when all the men were slain . To make Halt , ( French ) to make a stop , a term of War. Hallyattes , a King of Lydia , and father to Croesus , who was overcome by Cyrus . Halymote , see Healgemote . Hamadryades , ( Greek ) wood-nimphs . Hamburg , the cheif City of Lower Saxony , so called from Jupiter Hamon , there worshipped . Hames , two crooked pieces of wood which encompasse a horse-collar , from the Ham of the leg which is crooked , or the Latin word hamus , a hook . Hamkin , a kind of pudding . Hamling of dogs , see expeditating . Hamlet , a dwelling house , a diminutive , from the Dutch word Ham , i. home Hammocks , hanging beds used in ships . Hampton-Court , a Palace belonging to the Kings of England , standing in Middlesex upon the River Thames , it was built in a very costly and magnificent manner by Cardinal Wolsey , and finisht by King Henry the eighth . Hankwit , or Hangwit , ( Sax. ) a theif escaped out of custody . Hannibal , a great Captain of the Carthaginians , who having long made war with the Romans , was beaten by Scipio , and in the end poisoned himself , the word signifies in the Punic tongue Gracious Lord. Hanno , a Carthaginian , who seeking to make himself master of Carthage , was at length taken and had his eyes put out . Hannonia , or Haynault , one of the 17 Provinces of the Low Countries . Hanselines , upper sloppes . Chaucer . Hanse-towns , certain Towns in Germany , as Hambourg , Magdenbourg , Lubeck , &c. being the principal seates of the Dutch Merchants . Hans signifying in the French tongue , a Society or Corporation of Merchants . Hansel , ( Dutch ) the first money that is bestowed with a Tradesman in a morning Hans-en-kelder , a Dutch word , signifying Jack in the Cellar ; it is commonly taken for a child in the mothers belly . Hansiatick , belonging to the Hanse Towns. Hanten , ( old word ) they use , or accustom . Haphertlet , a kind of course cover●ed for a bed . Haquebut , ( French ) the same as Harquebuse . Haracana , or Herocane , a violent whirlwind or tempest , which hapneth once in 9 years . Some say it comes from the Spanish word Arancar , to pull up by the roots . Harald , or Herauld , ( French ) quasi herus altus , i. high-master , is an Officer whose imployment is to denounce war , or proclaim peace , to judge and examine Gentlemens Arms , to marshal the Solemnities at a Princes Coronation , and such like . Harangue , ( French ) a Speech or Oration . Harase , ( French ) to tire out , to weary , to disquiet . Harbinger , from the Dutch words her benghen , i. hither keep , an officer in a Princes Court , that alotteth those of the household their lodgings in time of progresse ; but vulgarly taken for any one that goeth before , and provideth lodgeing . Harbour , a Hart is said to Harbour when it goes to rest . Harelip , a lip cloven like a Hares lip . Harepipe , a snare made of a piece of elder or cane to catch a Hare with . Hariant , or Hauriant , in Heraldry , is when a fish is represented standing upright . Hariolation , ( lat . ) a southsaying . Harlot , or Arletta , Concubine to Robert Duke of N●rmandy , and mother to William the Conquerour , in disgrace of whom all whores came to be called Harlots . Harman , a proper name of men , signifying in Dutch the General of an Army , answerable to the Greek Polemarchus . Harmodius , and Aristogeiton , two famous conspiratours against Hipparchus the Tyrant of Athens . Harmonia , the daughter of Mars and Venus , and the wife of Cadmus , to her is attributed by some , the first invention of Musical Harmony . Harmonides , a Trojan whom Minerva inspired with all kind of manufacture . Harmonical , or Harmonious , full of Harmony , i. musical consent or agreement . Harold , see Harald . Harpalice , the daughter of Lycurgus , she was a great huntresse , and hearing that her father was taken prisoner by the Getans , rescued him by force of arms . Harpe , the name of the Fauchion wherewith Mercury slew Argos and P●rseus Medusa . Harping-Irons , certain Irons to strike great fish withal , being at one end like a barbed arrow , and having at the other end a cord . Harpings , the breadth of a ship at the bow . Harpocrates , an Image used in the ceremonies of Serapis and Isis , made with one hand upon his mouth , and called by the Aegyptians , the god of silence . Harpyes , the three daughters of Pontus and Terra , Aello , Celaeno , and Ocypete , they were part women , and part birds , having claws like vultures . Homer saith , that upon Celaeno , whom he calls Podarges , Zephyrus begat Balius , and Xanthus , the horses of Achilles . Hart , in the Forrest Laws , is a Stag of 5 years old , if having been hunted by the King or Queen , he escape alive , he is called a Hart royal . Hart-hall , a place for Students in the University of Oxford , built by Water Stapleton Bishop of Exceter , together with Exceter Colledge , in the time of King Edward the second , who in imitation of him , built Oriall Colledge and St. Mary Hall. Hatches of a ship , are trap-doors to let things down into the hold ; they are also called scutles . Hauberk , or Haubert , ( French ) a coat of maile . Havelock , a certain Danish foundling of the Royal blood , who as it is reported , was fosterd by one Grime a Merchant , and from a skullen in the Kings kitchin , was for his valour and conduct in Military affairs , promoted to the ma●riage of the Kings daughter . Havering , a Town in Essex , an ancient retiring place of the Kings of England , so called from the fabulous conceit of a ring delivered by a Pilgrim , as sent from St. John Baptist , to King Edward the Confessour . Haunt , a term in hunting , the walk of a Deer , or the place of his ordinary passage , in French Enceinte . Hauriant , see Hariant . Hauselines , or Hanselines , ( old word ) breeches or slops . Haw , a hedge , from the French word Hay , also an old word , signifying black , also a disease in the eye . Haward , or Hayward , a keeper of the common Heard of the Town , who is to look that they neither break nor crop hedges , from the French words Hay , a hedge , and Garde , custody . Hawise , a proper name of women . See Avice . Hawkers , certain deceitful people , that go up and down from place to place , buying and selling old brasse or pewter which ought to be uttered in open market . Hawlkes , ( old word ) corners . Hawten , ( old word ) insolent . Hawthorn , white thorn , from Haegdoren . Haeg in Dutch signifying white . Hazard , or Hasard , the ace of the dice , metaphorically any doubtful event . Hay , a Town in Brecknockshire , called in Brittish Trekethle , i. a Town in a Grove of Hazel-trees , it was formerly a very flourishing place till ruined and depopulated by that arch rebell Owen Glendowerdwy . Hayboot , signifieth in common Law , a permission to take thorns to make or repair hedges . Hayn , ( old word ) hatred . H E Headborow , the chief of the frank pledge , the same as Constable , or Tithingman , from heord , i. head , and borhe , i. pledge . Heafling , ( Sax. ) a captive . Heafod , ( Sax. ) a head . Healgemote , or Halymote , a Saxon word , signifying a Court-baron , or meeting of the Tenants in one Hall. Hearse , an empty Tomb , erected for the honour of the dead , from the Greek word Arsis , a lifting up . Hebdoma●e , ( Greek ) the number 7. a week which consists of 7 dayes . Hebe , the Goddess of Youth , and daughter of Juno , without a father , she was for her beauty preferred by Jupiter to be his Cup●bearer , but one time falling down , and discovering her secret parts to the gods , she was removed from her place . Hebetude , ( lat . ) bluntness , dulness . Hebrews , a name given to the Israelites , because they spake the ancient Hebrew Language , which continued in the Family of Heber , after the division of tongues . Hebrides , certain Islands in the Deu●aledonian Sea , called also Ebudae , and the Western Islands , they are 44 in number , but the chief of them are Levissa , Eusta , Mula , and Ila . Hebrus , a River of Thrace , where the head of Orpheus was thrown , after his body had been torn in pieces by the Bacchides . Hecalius , a name attributed to Jupiter by Theseus , from Hecale an old woman who had devoted her life to Jupiter , for his safe return . Hecate , the daughter of Jupiter and Latona , and the sister of Apollo . Some think her to be the same with Diana , or the Moon , also the name of a famous Inchantresse of Thrace . Hecatomb , ( Greek ) a sacrifice wherein a hundred beasts were offered at one time . Hecatompolis , an Epithet of the Island of Crete , which is said to have had a hundred Cities in it . Hecatompylae , the name of a City of Aegypt , otherwise called Aegyptian Thebes . Heck , the name of an Engin to take fish withal , from the Dutch word hecken , i. to pick , or heck a bramble . Heckled , ( old word ) wrapped . Hecktick feaver , a feaver which is habitual , and which inflames the solid parts of the body , it comes from the Greek word Hexis , a habit . Hector , the son of Priam and Hecuba , he was accounted the stoutest of all the Trojans , slew Protesilaus and Patroclus , but was at length slain himself by Achilles , the word signifieth Defender . Hecuba , the daughter of Dyamas , the wife of Priam King of Troy , it is feigned of her , that after the taking of Troy she was turned into a bitch . Hederal Crown , a Crown of Ivy , from the Latin word Hedera . Heer and Hace , ( old word ) hoarse and harsh . Hegesistratus , an Ephesian , who was the builder of the City Elea in Asia . Hegira , the Epoch or computation of time among the Turkes . Heinfare or H●nfare , ( old word ) a departing of a servant from his master , from Hine and fare , passage . Heire of blood , in Common Law , is he who succeedeth by right of blood in any mans Lands or Tenements in fee , but heir of Inheritance is he that cannot be defeated of his inheritance upon any displeasure . Heirloom , signifieth all implements of a house , which having belonged to the house for certain descents , accrew to the heir with the house it self . Loom signifying a frame to weave in . Heighth , a vertue in writing or speaking , wherein the expressions are neither too inflate , nor too creeping , but observing a decent majesty between both . Helchesaites , a sect of Hereticks , who held it no sin to deny Christ in times of persecution ; their first Teacher was one Helchesaus . Helchysm , the drosse and scum of silver . Hele , ( old word ) to cover . Helena , the daughter of Jupiter and Laeda , she was married to Menelaus , and brought forth Hermione , afterwards being stole away by Paris , and being demanded of Priamus by the Greeks , the Trojans refused to send her back , which was the occasion of a very great war , and of the destruction of Troy. The word signifieth in Greek pittiful . Heliacal rising of a Star , is when a Star which was at first hid by the light of the Sun , afterwards appears ; from the Greek word Helios , i. the Sun. Heliades , the daughters of the Sun , and sisters of Phaeton , who wept themselves into Poplar-trees for the death of their brother , and their teares became Amber ; their names were Phaaethusa , Lampelusa , and Lampetia . Heliconian , belonging to Helicon , a hill of Phocis , sacred to Apollo and the Muses . Helioscopie , ( Greek ) the furthest point of the Suns course in his ascention or descention . Heliotrope , ( Greek ) the name of a plant commonly called Turnsole , also a kind of pretious stone . Helle , the daughter of Athamas King of Thebes , she with her brother Phryxus , crossing over the Pontick Sea upon a golden Ram , being frighted with the danger , fell into the sea , from which accident , that sea was ever after called Hellespont . Hellebore ▪ the name of a certain plant , called also Melampodium , which is good against madness . Hellenistical , belonging to Greece or the Greek Language , from Hellas , the ancient name of that Country . Helme , signifieth in Navigation a piece of wood fastned to the rudder in a ship or boat , also the helme of State is metaphorically taken for the chief place in the government of a Nation . Helmed in stark stowers , ( old word ) defended in sharp assaults . Heluation , ( lat . ) a playing the glutton , a greedy devouring . Helve , ( old word ) a handle of anything . Helvetia , a Country invironed by the Alps and the Hill Jura , the Rivers Rhene , and Rhone , it is now called Swizzerland . Hemerology , ( Greek ) a Calender , or Book wherein are registred the passages of every day . Hemicranie , ( Greek ) a disease in the head called the Meagrim . Hemicycle , ( Greek ) a half circle . Hemingstone , a Town in Suffolk , which one Baldwin le Pettour held of the King , per Saltum , sufflatum , & Bumbulum seu Pettum , i. e. by this Tenure , that on every Christmasse Day before the King , he should dance , puff up his cheekes , and fart . Hemisphere ( Greek ) half the compass of the heavens , or so much as is visible above the Horison . Hemlock , a certain plant , called in Latin Cicuta , whose juice being poison used to be given to capital offenders . Henares , a River in Spain , near to which stands a Town called Alcala di Henares . Henbane , in Greek Hyoscyamus , an herb which is counted rank poison . Henchman , or Heinsman , a German word , signifying a domestick servant . It is taken among us for a page of honour . Hend , ( old word ) neat , fine , gentle . Hengston hill , a hill in Cornwall , where the Brittish Danmonii calling the Danes to assist them to drive the English out of Devonshire , were by King Egbert●otally ●otally defeated and ruined . Hengwit , see Hankwit . Hengest , the name of him who led the first English men into this Isle , the word signifies in the Saxon Horseman . Heniochus , vide Auriga . Henry , the name of seven Emperours of Germany , eight Kings of England , four Kings of France , four Kings of Castile : the word comes from the German Einric , i. rich and powerful , or Herric , i. rich Lord , or else is contracted from Honoricus . Hent , ( old word ) to catch . Hepatical , ( Greek ) belonging to the Liver . Hephaestian mountains , certain burning mountains in Lycia . Heptahedrical , ( Greek ) having seven sides . Heptagonal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Heptagon or figure of seven angles . Heptarchy , ( Greek ) a sevenfold government , or government of seven men , as that of the Saxon Kings here in England . Heraclea , a City of Narbon in France , now called St. Gilles . Heraclitus , the name of a famous Ephesian Philosopher who used to weep as often as he thought upon the misery of the World. Herald , see Harald . Herawdes , ( old word ) feates of activity . Herbage , signifieth in Common Law , the fruit of the earth provided by nature for the cattel , also the liberty that a man hath to feed his cattel in another mans ground , or in the Forrest . Herbert , a proper name of men , signifying in Dutch , famous Lord. Herbigage , or Herborow , ( old word ) lodging . Herbalist , or Herbary , ( lat . ) one that hath knowledge in the nature and temperaments of herbs . Herbenger , see Harbenger . Herbert , a proper name , signifying in Dutch bright Lord. Herbipolis , a City of Germany , now called Wirtzberg . Herbosity , ( lat . ) plenty of herbs . Herbulent , ( lat . ) grassy , full of herbs . Hercinia , a great Wood in Germany , sixty dayes journeys in length , and nine in breadth . Herculean , belonging to Hercules , the cheif of which name was Hercules the son of Jupiter and Alcmena , he being hated by Juno because he was born of a Concubine , was by her ingaged in 12 very dangerous enterprises , which are called Hercules his 12 labours , all which he overcame to his great renown ; whence every great atcheivment came to be called a Herculean labour . He is said to have built two pillars on Mount Calpe , and Mount Avila , as the utmost bounds of the Western World , with the inscription of Nil ultra , and at this day those places are called Hercules pillars . This name Hercules signifieth in Greek , Glory or Illumination of the Air. Here de Caesar , a certain Epoch or Account , from which the Saracens and Arabians used to compute their number of yeares , as we do from the year of our Lord. It was also used in Spain for a great while , the word signifieth as much as the Monarcy of Caesar. Hereditary , or Haereditary , ( lat . ) coming by Inheritance . Hereditaments , signifie in Common Law , all such things as descend to a man and his heirs by way of Inheritance , and fall not within the compasse of an Executor as Chattels do . Hereford , the cheif City of Herefordshire , anciently called Tresawith , from the Beech-trees growing thereabout . It was built as some say by King Edward the Elder , in that tract of the Country called of old Ereinuc or Archenfeild , out of the ruines of the ancient Ariconium ; the fame of this City was augmented by the Martyrdom of Ethelbert King of East England , who going to wooe the daughter of Offa King of the Mercians , was here forelaid and murthered by the procurement of Quendred Offa's wife . Heremitage , or Ermitage , ( French ) a solitary place , a dwelling for Hermites , i. persons that devote themselves to a religious solitude . Heresie , see Haeresie . Heresiarch , or Haeresiarch , ( Greek ) the principall Author of any Heresie or Sect. Heretog , or Hertogh , a Leader of an Army , or a Duke , from the Saxon words Here an Army , and Toga , to draw out . Herility , ( lat . ) Masterly Authority . Heriot , or Hariot , hath formerly been used to signifie a tribute given by a Tenant to the Lord of the Mannour for his better preparation toward war ; Here in the Saxon tongue signifying an Army ; but now it is taken for the best chattel that a Tenant hath at the hour of his death , which is due unto the Lord by custom . Herlaxton , a Town in Lincolnshire , near which was ploughed up a brazen vessel , wherein a Golden Helmet beset with pretious Stones ( which was given as a present to Catherine of Spain , wife to King Henry the eighth ) was found . Herman , see Harman . Hermaphrodite , ( Greek ) a word compounded of Hermes , i. Mercury and Aphrodite , i. Venus , and signifieth one of both Sexes , Man and Woman . See the story of Hermaphroditus and Salmacis , elegantly described in the fourth Book of Ovids Metamorphosis . Hermetical , ( Greek ) belonging to Mercury the messenger of the gods , who is called in Greek Hermes , or to Hermes Trismegistus , the great Aegyptian Philosopher . Hermione , the daughter of Menelaus , she was betrothed by her father , after the end of the Trojan war , to Pyrrhus the son of Achilles , which Orestes ( to whom she had been before espoused by her Grandfather Tyndarus ) taking ill , he slew Pirrhus in the Temple of Apollo . Hermitage , Hermite , see Heremitage . Hermotimus , a certain man of Clazomena , whose Soul used to leave his body , and wander up and down , bringing him news of things that were done a great way off , his body lying in the mean while as it were asleep , but at length his enemies finding his body , burnt it , so that his Soul had no habitation left to return to . Hernious , ( lat . ) bursten bellied . Herod , sirnamed Antipater , a King of the Jews , created by the Roman Senate , he destroyed the Temple , built by Zorobabel , and erected another more magnificient in its place , he put his wife Maria●ne to death , and his two sons , Aristobulus and Alexander . Heroick , or Heroical , ( Greek ) noble , lofty , becoming a Heroe , whence Heroick Poem , is a Poem treating of Heroic actions , or persons . Heroine , a woman of a noble spirit , and excellent virtues . A Heron , a kinde of bird , called in Latin Ardea , ab ardendo , because its dung burns whatsoever it touches . Herophila , the name of the Erythraean Sibil , who having asked Tarquin a very great price for her three books of Prophesies , and being refused it , she burnt 2. and afterwards received as much for that one that was left , as she demanded for all the three . Herostratus , one that to purchace himself fame , burnt the Temple of Diana . Hersilia , the wife of Romulus , who after her death was worshipp'd by the name of Hora , or the goddesse of youth . Hertford , i. e. the Ford of Harts , the chief Town of Hertford-shire , having a Castle upon the River Lea , built as some say , by King Edward the Elder , and augmented by Gislebert de Clare , who was Earle of this Town in King Henry the seconds dayes , Bede treating of the Synode that was held here in the year 670. calleth it Herudford , i. e. Redford . Herthus , a goddesse worshipt by the ancient Saxons , in the same nature as Tellus by the Latins , some think the word earth to be thence derived . Hesione , the daughter of Laomedon , King of Troy , whom Hercules , having freed her from a great Whale , gave in marriage to his friend Telamon , after he had ransack't Troy , because her father Laomedon performed not his promise to him . Hesperus , the son of Japetus , and brother of Atlas , who flying from his Countrey , went and inhabited in Italy , whence that Countrey came to be called Hesp●ria , he had three daughters , Aegle , Arethusa , and Hesperethusa , called the Hesperides , who lived in the Hesperian Garden , whose Trees bare golden Apples , that were kept by a watchfull Dragon , whom Hercules slew ; it is also faigned of Hesperus , that after his death he was changed into the Evening Star. Hests , ( old word ) commands , or decrees . Hete , ( old word ) a vow , offer , or promise . Heteroclite , in Grammar , is taken for a Nown , that hath a different way of declining from other Nouns . Heterodox , ( Greek ) being of another opinion , or judgement , then what is generally received . Heterogeneal , ( Greek ) being of another or different kinde . Heteroscians , ( Greek ) people that live between the Aequator and the Tropicks , whose shadowes still incline more one way then another . Hetruria , a Countrey of Italy , otherwise called Tuscia , or Tuscanie , the people whereof were in ancient times much given to sooth-saying ; it reacheth from Macra to Tyber . Heveningham , a Town in Suffolk , which gave name and residence to an ancient family , commonly contracted into Henningham . Hew , ( old word ) colour . Hewmond , ( old word ) shining . Hexagonal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Geometrical figure , having six angles , or corners . Hexameter verse , ( Greek ) a verse consisting of six feet , it is otherwise called a Heroick verse , because it is used in Heroick Poems . Hexaptote , ( Greek ) a Noune declined with six cases . Hexastick , ( Greek ) a Stanza , consisting of six verses . Heydelberg , a Citie of Germany , so called from the Dutch words Heyd , i. e. sweet Broom , and Berg , i. e. a Hill. H I Hiation , ( lat . ) an opening asunder , or gaping . Hibernia , a fair Island , lying on the Western part of Brittain ; it is now called Ireland . Hibride , a Mongrel , or a Creature of a mixt generation ; it comes from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , disgrace . Hichel , or Hatchel , an instrument to kemb Hemp , or Flax withall . Hickway , a certain bird , otherwise called a wood pecker , or wryneck , in Greek Jynx . Hidage , a certain Tax , which upon extraordinary occasions used to be paid for every hide of Land. Hide of Land , from the Dutch word Heyd , i. e. a wide field , also Heath and Broom , signifieth in Law , such a quantity of Land as may be plough'd with one plough in a year , which according to some mens accounts is about a hundred Acres , eight Hides , being a Knights fee. Hide and Gain , arable Land , or the same as gainage . Hidel , a kinde of sanctuary , or hiding place . Hierarchie , ( Greek ) a spiritual government , also the holy order of Angels , which consisteth of nine degrees , Seraphims , Cherubims , Thrones , Dominations , Principalities , Powrs , Vertues , Arch-Angles , and Angels . Hieratick paper , fine paper , dedicated to religious uses . Hieroglyphicks , certain Mysterious Characters , or Images , used among the ancient Aegyptians , whereby holy sentences were express't . Hierograms , ( Greek ) sacred writings . Hierome , or Hieronymus , the name of one of the ancient fathers , the word signifying in Greek holy name , there was also a Tyrant of Sicily , so called , who contrary to the advice of his father Hiero , taking part with Hannibal against the Romans , was at length slain by them . Hieronymians , a certain order of Monks , instituted by St. Hierome , there were also certain Hermites so called , whose order was founded in the year 1365. by one Granel of Florence . Hierosolyme , the famous Citie of Judaea , vulgarly called Jerusalem . Higham , a Town in Suffolk , which gave name and residence to an ancient family so called . Hight , ( old word ) named . Hilarion , a certain Hermite of Syria , famous for many great miracles . Hilarity , ( lat . ) chearfulnesse , or mirth . Hildebert , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch famous Lord. Himple , an old Saxon word , signifying to halt , or go lame . Hin , a certain Hebrew measure , containing 12 Sextaries , or Logins , a Login being a certain measure , which contains about the quantity of six Egg-shells . Hine , or Hinde , is commonly used for a servant at husbandry . Hippace , a kinde of Cheese made of Mares milk . Hipparchus , a Tyrant of Athens , who succeeded Pisistratus , and having deflowr'd a Virgin , Harmodius and Aristogeiton conspired against him , and slew him , also the master of horse , a chief Officer among the Athenians , was called Hipparchus . Hippe , the daughter of Chiron , she was a great huntresse upon Mount Peleus , and being got with Childe , was changed into a Mare . Hippiades , ( Greek ) images representing women on hors-back . Hippocentaurs , see Centaurs . Hippocrates , a famous Physician of the Island of Coos , he lived 104 years , and was had in great honour by Artaxerxes , King of Persia. Hippocren , a Fountain of Boeotia , sacred to the Muses . Hippodame , see Pelops . Hippodrom , ( Greek ) a place for tilting , or hors-racing . Hippogryph , ( Greek ) a beast represented to the fancy , being half a horse , and half a griffin . Hippolyta , a Queen of the Amazons , whom Hercules gave to Theseus for his wife . Hippolytus , the son of Theseus and Hippolyte , he addicted himself wholly to hunting , but being accused of adultery by Phoedra his mother in Law , because he had denied her , when she sollicited him to lye with her , he fled away and was torn in piec●s by the wilde horses that drew his Chariot , afterwards his limbs being gathered up , and he restored to life by Aesculapius , at the request of Diana , he went into Italy and was called Virbius , and built a Citie , which from his wives name was called Ancia . Hippomachie , ( Greek ) a fighting on hors-back . Hippomanes , the son of Megareus and Merope , who winning the Race from Atalanta , the daughter of Sichaeneus , by throwing golden Apples in her way , he obtained her for his wife , but because he could not abstain from lying with his wife in the Temple of Cybele , he was turned into a Lion , and she into a Lionesse . Hippon , the name of a Citie of Africa , whereof St. Austin was Bishop . Hippona , an ancient goddesse , who was worshipped as the goddesse of Hors-coursing , and her image used to be placed in stables . Hipp●nax , an Ephesian Poet , who writ so sharply against some that painted him ridiculously , that he caused them to hang themselves . Hippotades , the sirname of Aeolus , King of the winds . Hipsicratea , the wife of Mithridates , King of Pontus , who loved her husband so much , that she followed him in all dangers and extremities . Hircine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Goat . Hirculation , ( lat . ) a certain disease in a Vine , which causeth it to bear no fruit . Hircus , the left shoulder of Auriga . Hirsute , ( lat . ) rough , bristly , full of haire . Hispalis , a famous Citie of Spain , situate upon the River Boetis ; it is now called Sevil. Hispania , the Kingdom of Spain , anciently divided into Boetica , now called Granada . Lusitania , now called Portugal and Tarraconensis , which containes the Kingdom of Arragon , and part of Castile . Hispid , ( lat . ) having rough haires , or bristles . Historiographer , ( Greek ) a Writer of Histories , a Historian . Historiologie , ( Greek ) a historical discourse . Histrionical , ( lat . ) belonging to a Histrio , or stage-player . Hithe , a little Haven to land wares out of boates . H L Hlaford , or Laford , ( Saxon ) a Lord. Hleafdian , or Leafdian , ( Sax. ) a Lady . H O Hoane , a Saxon word , signifying a fine whetstone . Hobbie , a kinde of Hawk , called in Latin Alaudarius , also a little Irish Nag . Hoblers , certain Irish Knights , which used to serve upon Hobbies . Hock , and Hocks , an old English phrase , signifying mire and dirt . Hocktide , a certain festival time , celebrated about Candlemasse , for the death of Hardiknute , the last King of the Danes ; it is also called Blazetide , in Latin Fugalia . Hocus-pocus , a made word , signifying a Jugler , a shewer of tricks by Legier de Main , or sleight of hand . A Hodge-poge , or Hotch-pot , a Hachee , or flesh cut to pieces , and sodden together with Herbs , also a Law-term , signifying a commixtion , or putting together of land for the better division of it . Hodget , a Persian Priest. Hodiernal , ( lat . ) belonging to the present day , or time . Hoghenhine , in Common-law , is he that cometh to a house Guest-wise , and lieth there the third night , after which he is accounted one of the family . Hogoo , a word vulgarly used for a high savour , or taste , it cometh from the French word Hautgoust . Hogshead , a measure o● wine , containing the fourth part of a Tun. A Hogsteer , a wilde Boar of three years old . Hoker , ( Sax. ) peevishnesse . Holland , one of the three parts , into which Lincolnshire is divided , from which the Earle of Holland deriveth his Title , the other two are called Kest●ven , and Lindsey . Holm , a certain Tree , called otherwise a Hollie-tree , also the same as Halm . Holocaust , ( Greek ) a burnt-offering , or sacrifice laid whole on the Altar . Holour , ( old word ) a whore-monger . Holsatia , quasi Holt Sassia , i. e. wooddy Germany . Holtz , signifying in Dutch , wood , it is a Countrey of Germany vulgarly called Holstein . Homage , the Oath that a Vassal , or Tenant sweareth to his Lord , also the Jury of a Court Baron , consisting of such as owe Homage to the Lord of the Fee , from the Greek word Omoo , i. e. to swear . Homer , a famous Greek Poet , called at first Melesigenes , because he was born by the River Melete , he writ a Poem concerning the wars of Troy , which was called Ilias , and another of the Travels of Vlisses , called Odysseis . He is called by some the Moeonian Prophet . Homesoken , or Hamsoken , an immunity from an amerciament , for entring into houses violently , and without Licence ; it cometh from the Dutch words Heym , a house , and Suchen , to seek . Homicide , ( lat . ) Man-slaughter , or Murder . Homily , ( Greek ) a Speech , or Sermon . Homoeomerie , ( Greek ) a likenesse of parts . Homogeneal , ( Greek ) being of the same kinde . Homologie , ( Greek ) a confessing , or agreeing . Homonymous , ( Greek ) things of several kindes , having the same denomination , a Term in Logick . Honie-suckle , a kinde of flowr , otherwise called a wood-binde . Honi s●it qui mal y Pense , a common French Motto , signifying in English , blame be to him , who thinketh ill . Honour , in Common-law , is taken for the more noble sort of Seigneuries . Honour-point , in Heraldry , is the upper part of an Escutcheon , when the breadth thereof is divided into three equal parts . Honorary , ( lat . ) done , or conferred upon any one in token of honour . Honorius , the name of one of the Roman Emperours , the son of Theodosius the first , who divided the Empire between his two sons , assigning to Arcadius the Eastern part , to Theodosius the Western part . Honymoon , an expression commonly applied to new married people , who loving violently at first , soon cool in their affection . Hope-Castle , a Castle in Flimtshire , to which King Edward the first retired , when the Welsh-men set upon him unawares ; it is near Caergurle Castle . Hophas , a River that flowes by Haliartus , a Citie of Boeotia , formerly called Isomantus . Hoplochrysme , ( Greek ) 〈…〉 of weapons with the weapon - 〈◊〉 ▪ Hoqueton , ( French ) a 〈◊〉 of short Coat without sleeves . Horae , or the hours , they were faigned by the Poets to be certain goddesses , the daughters of Jupiter and Themis , their names , see in Hyginus . Horary , ( lat . ) hourly . Horatius Cocles , a famous Roman , who fighting against P●rsenna , King of the Hetrurians , defended a bridge himself against all the enemies forces , untill the bridge was cut down , and after that he leapt into Tyber , and swomme to his own people , also Horatius Flaccus , a famous Lyrick Poet of Venusium , who was in high favour with Augustus and Mecaenas : whence Horatio is a proper name frequent now adayes , derived as some think from the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. e. of good eye-sight . Hord , ( Lat. ) a Cow great with Calf . Horizontal , ( Greek ) belonging to the Horizon , i. e. that Circle which divides the upper Hemisphear , or so much of the Heavens as we can see round about us from the lower Hemisphear , or so much of the Heavens as is hid from our sight . A Hornet , a kinde of insect , called in Latin Crabro , which useth to infest horses and other creatures , and is ingendred of the carcases of dead horses . Horngeld , a Tax within the Forrest to be paid for horned beasts ; it comes from horn , and the Dutch word Gelden , i. e. to pay . Horodix , ( Greek ) a kinde of Dial , or instrument to shew how the hours passe a●way . Horological , ( Gr. ) belonging to a Horologe , i. e. an Hour-glasse , Clock , or Dial. Horoscope , ( Greek ) a diligent marking of hours , also so much of the firmament as riseth every hour from the East , also the Ascendent of ones Nativity , or a diligent marking of the time of a Childes birth . Horridity , or Horrour , ( lat . ) frightfulnesse , dreadfulnesse , a quaking for fear . Horseheal , a kind of Herb , otherwise called Elicampane . Hortation , ( lat . ) an exhorting , or perswading to any thing . Hor●ensius , an eloquent Roman , whose daughter Hortensia ; so pleaded her cause before the Triumvirs ; M. Antony , Octavius , and Lepidus ; that the great Tax was taken off , which they had laid upon the people . Hortyard , a Garden-yard , haply the same with Orchard . Hosanna , an Hebrew word signifying , Save I beseech thee , being a solemn acclamation used by the Jews in their Feasts of Tabernacles . Hospitallers , certain Knights of an Order so called , because they had the care of Hospitals , i. houses erected for the relief of Pilgrims , and poor or impotent people . Hostage , ( French ) a pledge left in war for performance of Covenants . Hosteler , in Latin hospes or hostellarius , a keeper of an Hostery or Inne , an Host. Hostility , ( lat . ) hatred or enmity . Hotchpot , see Hodgepodge . Hoten , ( old word ) they promise . Housage , a fee that a Carryer or any one payes for setting up any stuff in a house . House in Astrology , is the twelf part of the Zodiack being divided into twelve equal parts . Housebote , Estovers out of the Lords wood , to uphold a tenement or house , from hous and the Dutch word bote , a making good . See Estovers . Houton , ( old word ) hollow . The Howld of a ship , the room betwixt the keilson and lower decks . The Hownds , the holes of the checks fastned to the head of the masts . Howsel , to administer the Sacrament to one that lyeth on his death-bed . House-in , is when a ship after she is past the breadth of her bearing , is brought in narrow to her upper workes . H U Hubba , the name of a Danish Captain , who in old times invaded this Island . Hue and Cry , in Common Law , is a pursuite of one having committed felony by the highway , by describing the party , and giving notice to several Constables from one Town to another . Hugh , the proper name of a man , signifying comfort . Others derive it from the Dutch word Hougen , to cut . Huguenots , a name which used to be given in derision to those of the reformed Religion in France , from a gate in Tours called Hugon . Others derive it from these words Huc nos venimus , Hither we are come , wherewith they begin their protestation . Huik , or Huke , a kind of mantle used in Spain and Germany . Hulk , a kind of great and broad ship , from the Greek word Olcas . Hull , a Town in Yorkshire , situate upon the River Hull , anciently called Kingston ( q. Kings Town ) upon Hull . It being built by King Edward the first , and beautified with fair buildings by Michael de la Pool Earle of Suffolk . This Town is very well accomodated for Ships and Merchandize . Hull , in Navigation , is taken for the body of a ship without masts , sailes , or yards . Hulling , is when a ship at sea hath taken in all her sailes in calm weather . Hulstred , ( old word ) hidden . Humanity , ( lat . ) the nature and condition of man , also gentlenesse , mildnesse . Humane , or curteous Signs , are Gemini , Virgo , Libra , Aquarius . Humber , a great River ( or rather an arm of the sea ) in Yorkshire . Humectation , ( lat . ) a moistning . Humidity , ( lat . ) moistness . Humiliates , a certain religious Order of men , so called from Humiliare , ( lat . ) to humble or bring low , because they led very strict or mortified lives : they were instituted in the year 1166. Humorist , ( lat . ) one that is fantastick , or full of humours . Humour , ( lat . ) moisture , also a mans phancy or disposition . The four predominate humours in a mans body , are blood , choler , flegme , and melancholy . Humfrey , or Humfred , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch Houspeace . Hundred , a part of a Shire consisting of ten tithings , each tithing consisting of ten housholds , called in Latin Decennae . Hundreders , men empanelled of a Jury upon any controversie of land , dwelling within the Hundred where the land lieth . Hundrelagh , the Hundred Court , from which all the officers of the Kings Forrest were freed . Hungaria , the Kingdom of Hungary divided into two parts by the River Danubius , it was anciently called Pannonia . Hunnes , a people of Scythia , who in the time of the Emperour Valentinian over-run all Italy and Gallia , but at last overcome by the prayers of Pope Leo , they retired themselves into Hungary . Huntington , the chief Town of Huntintonshire , in the publick seale called Huntersdune , i. the hill of Hunters , alluding to which name Leland calls it in Latin Venantodunum : near unto the bridge is to be seen yet the plot of a Castle built by K. Edward the Elder , in the year 917 , and by K. Henry the second demolished , to put an end to the contention which the Scottish men and the St. Lizes had so often had about it . Hurlebats , or Whirlebats , used among the ancients , called in Latin Caestus . Hurlers , certain great stones in Cornwall , which the people thereabout perswade themselves to have been in times past men transformed into stones for prophaning the Sabbath Day , with hurling of the Ball. Hurleth , ( old word ) maketh a noise . Huscarles , a name given in ancient times to those that were gatherers of the Danish tribute . Husfastene , in some of the Statutes is taken for him that holdeth house and land . Hustings , the principal and highest Court of London , it cometh from the French word Haulser , i. to lift up . H Y Hyacynthus , a youth who being beloved of Apollo , and playing with him at a play called Discus , Zephyrus who was slighted by Hyacinthus , blew the Discus thrown by Apollo , full upon Hyacinthus his head , and killed him , which mischance Apollo lamenting , turned him into a flower called a Jacinth , vulgarly Crowtoes . There is also a pretious stone called a Hyacinth or Jacinth , being of a waterish colour . Hyades , the seven daughters of Atlas , by his wife Aethra , they were called Ambrosia , Eudoxa , Pasithoe , Corone , Plexauris , Pytho , and Tyche , who lamenting their brother Hyas devoured by a Lion , were taken up into Heaven by Jupiter and changed into Stars . Hyaline , ( Greek ) of a colour like glasse . Hybernall , ( lat . ) belonging to the winter-season . Hybla , a mountain of Sicily , famous for its Bees , and for the abundance of Time which grew there . Hybreas , a famous Orator , born in Nylassus , a City of Caria , who was advanced to be chief Governour of that City under Euthydamus Prince of Caria , but when Labienus came against that Country , he so incensed him by saying he was Emperour of Caria , that he destroyed the City . Hydra , a monstrous Serpent bred in the Lake of Lerna ; it was feigned to have a hundred heads , and was at last slaine by Hercules : also a celestial constellation . Hydragogy , ( Greek ) a conveying of water by furrows and trenches from one place to another . Hydragogues are medicins that are prepared to draw forth the water from any Hydropical parts . Hydrargyrous , ( Greek ) belonging to Quicksilver . Hydraulicks , ( Greek ) certain water-works , whereby musick is made by the running of waters . Hydrography , ( Greek ) a description of waters . Hydromancy , ( Greek ) a kind of divination by waters . Hydromel , ( Greek ) a kind of drink made of honey , by some called Metheglin . Hydrophoby , ( Greek ) a certain disease caused by melancholy , which causeth in those that are affected with it , an extream dread of waters . Hydropick , ( Greek ) troubled with a certain disease called the Dropsie . Hyemal , ( lat . ) bleak or winterly . Hyena , ( lat . ) a beast like a wolf , which some say , changeth Sex often , and counterfeiteth the voice of a man. Hyl●s , the son of Theodamas King of Maeonia , whom Hercules took away by force , and carryed him with him in the Expedition to Colchos ; but Hercules going on shore about Mysia , sent him for water to the River Ascanius , and the Nimphs of the River being in love with him , pulled him in , so that Hercules long expected him , and hearing no news of him , left the Argonauts and wandred up and down the Wood for a long time in quest of him . Hyleg , is that Planet or place in Heaven whereby being directed by his or its digression , we judge of the life or state of any person . Hyllus , the son of Hercules by Deianira , he being driven out of his City by Eurystheus , fled to Athens , and there built a Temple to Misericordia the Goddesse of Pitty . Hymen , or Hymenaeus , son of Bacchus and Venus , he was the first that instituted Marriage , and therefore by some called the god of Marriage , he hath that name from a thin skin ( called in Greek hymen ) which is within the secret parts of a woman , and is said to be a note of Virginity . Hymne , ( Greek ) a spiritual Song , or Psalm sung to the praise of God. Hypallage , ( Greek ) a certain figure wherein the order of words is contrary to the meaning of them in construction . Hyperbolical , ( Greek ) spoken by way of Hyperbole , i. a figure wherein an expression goes beyond truth , either by way of excess or diminution . Hyperboreans , a certain Northern people ; some say , dwelling under the North Pole ; others say they are a people of Scythia . Hyperion , the son of Caelus , and brother of Saturn , he is thought by some to be the first that found out the motion of the Stars , and is oftimes mentioned in Poetry for the same with the Sun. Hypermeter , ( Greek ) a Verse that hath a syllable above its ordinary measure . Hypermnestra , one of the 50 daughters of Danaus , they being commanded to kill their Husbands , the 50 sons of Aegyptus , she onely of all the sisters saved her Husband Lynceus , who afterwards killed Danaus . Hyperphysical , ( Greek ) supernaturall . Hypocondriacal , ( Greek ) subject to melancholy , because under the hypocondria or sides of the upper part of the belly , lie the Liver and Spleen which are the seat of melancholy . Hypocritical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Hypocrite , i. e. a dissembler , or one that maketh a false shew of Piety or Holinesse . Hypogastrick , ( Greek ) belonging to the Hypogastrium or lower part of the belly . Hypoge , ( Greek ) a cellar or place under ground . Hypostatical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Hypostasis or Personal subsistence . Hypothenusal line , a term in Geometry , it is that side of a right-angled triangle which is subtended or opposite to the right angle . Hypothetical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Hypothesis , i. e. a supposition , also a Hypothetical Syllogism in Logick , is that which begins with a conditionall conjunction . Hypsicratea , see Hipsicratea . Hypsiphile , the daughter of Thous and Queen of Lemnos , she intertained Jason in his voyage to Colchos , and had twins by him ; she was banisht out of Lemnos for saving her father , when all the men of the Island were killed by the women , and was intertained by Lycurgus King of Nemea . Hyrcania , a Country of Asia , bordering southward upon Armenia . Hyreus , a Countryman of Boe●tia , who desiring of Jupiter , Mercury , and Neptune , whom he had intertained at his house , that he might have a son and not marry , the three Deities made water upon the dung of an Oxe which had been newly offered , out of which when the tenth moneth was almost expired , was borne Orion . Hyrse , a kind of plant , otherwise called Millet . Hysterical , ( Greek ) as hysterical passion , a certain disease in women commonly called Fits of the Mother . Hysteron Proteron , ( Greek ) a preposterous manner of speaking or writing , expressing that first which should be last . Hyttenia , a part of Attica , formerly called Tetrapolis , because it had four chief Cities Probalynthus , Oenoe , Tricorythus , and Marathon . I A IAcchus , one of the names of Bacchus , from the Greek word Iacchein , to cry out , because his preistesses the Bacchae used in the celebration of his Orgies to make strange and unusual noises . Jacynth , the name of a certain pretious stone of a blewish colour , also a flower called Hyacinthus , see Hyacynthus . Jacob , ( Hebr. ) a supplanter , or beguiler . Jacobins , certain Friars of the Order of St. Dominick . Jacobites , a sort of Hereticks instituted in the year 530. by one Jacobus Syrus , they used circumcision , and acknowledge but one nature in Christ. Jacobs staff , a certain Geometrical instrument so called , also a staff that Pilgrims use to walk with to James Compostella . Jactancy , ( lat . ) a boasting . Jaculation , ( lat . ) a shooting , or darting . Jambes , ( French ) the side-posts of a door . Jambeux , ( French ) armour for the legs . Iambick , ( lat . ) the foot of a verse , consisting of two syllables , one short and one long . Jamblichus , a famous Pythagorean Philosopher of Chalcis , a Citie of Syria , he was the Disciple of Porphyrius . James , the proper name of a man , contracted from Jacob , in Spanish Jago , in French Jaques . Jampnorum , a certain Law-term used in Fines , signifying certain Acres of Furze . Janizaries , Turkish foot Souldiers , which are of the Guard to the Grand Signior . Jane , the Christian name of divers women , mollified , as some think , from Joan. Jannock , a kinde of Oaten bread , much used in the North of England . Jansenisme , the opinion of Cornelius Jansenus , Bishop of Tyre , he was a great opposer of universal redemption . Janthe , a certain Virgin , the daughter of Telessa , who the first day of her marriage was transformed into a man. Janus , the name of an ancient King of Italy , who intertained Saturn ( when he was banish't out of Creet , by his son Jupiter ) and of him learn't husbandry , and the use of the Vine , he built a Citie called Janiculum , from which all Italy was also called Janicula , he is pictured with two faces , and from him the first moneth of the year is called January . Iapetus , the son of Titan and Terra , he married the Nymph Aria , and begat Prometheus and Epimethe●s . Japygia , a Countrey upon the Borders of Italy , called also Calabria , and Magna Graecia , the narrowest entrance of it reacheth from Tarentum to Brundusium . Iarbas , a King of Getulia . See Dido . Jargon , the same as Gibbrish , or Pedlars French. Jarre of Oile , an earthen pitcher , containing twenty Gallons , also the Order of Knights of the Jarre , was instituted by Don Garcia , King of Navarre , who riding one day on hunting , and entring into a Cave , he saw an Altar with the image of the Virgin Marie , and a Pitcher of Lillies , at which sight being moved with devotion , he founded this order . Iarrock , a kinde of Cork . Iasion , or Ias●us , the son of Iupiter and Electra , to him Ceres brought forth Pluto , who was the first that brought men the use of money . Iasmin , or Iesemin , a kinde of flowr , so called . Iason , the son of Aeson , King of Thessaly , he was sent by his Uncle Pelias to Colchos , to fetch the Golden Fleece , and having overcome the Dragon , and Brazen-footed Bull , that were set to guard it , by the help of Medea , who was in love with him , he brought her away with him , and married her , but afterwards falling in love with Creusa , the daughter of Creon , he left Medea , who in anger burnt Creusa , and her Palace together . Iasper , a precious stone of a green colour , also the proper name of a man , in Latin Gasparus . Iaveline , ( Ital. ) a kinde of Dart , or Launce . Iberia , the ancient name of Spain . Ibexe , or Evick , a kinde of a mountanous Goat , in Greek called Aegoreros , in Latin Capricornus . Ibis , a certain Lybian bird feeding upon Serpents , formerly worshipped in Aegypt , which with its long bill first taught the use of Glisters . I C Icarius , the son of Oebalus , he being slain by the Sheapherds of Athens , whom he had made drunk , and being discovered by his Dog Maer● , his daughter Erigone hanged her self for grief , and was afterwards translated among the heavenly signs , and was called Virgo , the Dog also pined away and died , and was translated among the signs . Icarus , the son of Daedalus , who flying too near the Sun with his waxen wings which his father had made for him , melted them , and fell into the Sea , which from thence was called the Icarian Sea. Iceni , a certain people , anciently inhabiting those Provinces , which are now called Suffolk , Norfolk , Cambridgshire , and Huntingtonshire . Ichdien , a Motto , or device , heretofore belonging to the arms of the Princes of Wales , it signifies in the old Saxon , I serve . Ichneun●on , ( Greek ) an Indian Rat. Ichnography , ( Greek ) a Description , or Plat-form of any thing in writing , according to which example it is to be made . Ichthyologie , ( Greek ) a Description of fishes . Ichthyophagi , a certain people , who feed altogether upon fish , which they catch with Nets , made of the bark of a Palm-tree , and build their houses with the bones of fish . Icleped ( old word ) called , or named . Icond , ( old word ) learned . Iconoclastes , ( Greek ) a breaker , or demolisher of images , a surname attributed to several of the Greek Emperours , who were zealous against the worshipping of images in Churches , from Icon an image , and clazein to break . Icorven . ( old word ) cut , or carved . Ictericall , ( Greek ) troubled with the overflowing of the gall , a disease vulgarly called the Jaunders , or the Jaundice , from the French word Iaulne , i. e. yellow , because it maketh the skin to appear of a yellow colour . I D Ida , a Mountain of Troas , where Paris gave Judgement for Venus , about the golden apple , against Iuno and Pallas ; whence Venus is called the Idalian Queen . Idas , the son of Neptune , he seeing Marpesia , the daughter of Mars , dancing in a wood , which was sacred to Diana , carried her away by force , his father Neptune having given him very swift horses , whereat Mars was so inraged that he threw himself into the River Lyco●ma , but Apollo meeting Idas , and fighting with him for Marpesia , Iupiter sent Mercury to part them , and Marpesia being left to her own freedom , which of them she would choose made choice of Idas . Idea , the form of any thing represented to the imagination . Identity , ( lat . ) a made Term , much used in Logick , and signifying as it were the samenesse of any thing . Ides of a moneth , are eight dayes in every moneth , as in March , May , July , and October , from the fifteenth to the eight , being reckoned backward in other moneths from the thirteenth to the sixth , it comes from the old Latin word Iduo , to divide . Idiom , ( Greek ) the peculiar phrase of any language . Idiopathie , ( Greek ) a peculiar passion . Idiosyncrasie , ( Greek ) the proper , or natural temper of any thing . Idiotical , ( Greek ) private , also belonging to an Idiote , i. e. one born of so weak an understanding , that the King by his prerogative , hath the government and disposal of his Lands and substance , and to that purpose , a Writ de Idiota Inquirendo is to be directed to the Sheriff , to examin the party suspected of Idiocie , or Idiotisme . Idolatrie , ( Greek ) the worshipping of false gods , but most properly an offering of Divine honours to any Idols , pictures , or images . Idomeneus , the son of Deucalion Grand-childe of Mino● , King of Creet , he returning from the Wars of Troy , and going about to offer up his son , who was the first that met him upon Land , according to the vow he made to sacrifice whomsoever he met first ▪ he was driven out of the Kingdom by his subjects , and arriving in the Countrey of Calabria , he built the Citie of Salentinum . Idoneous , ( lat . ) fit , convenient . Idyl , ( Greek ) a kinde of Eclogue , or Pastoral Poem , such as was written by Theocritus , Moschus , and others . I E Jearecapstern , an Engin used in great ships to hoise the yards and sayls withall . Ieat , see Geat . Iejunation , ( lat . ) fasting . Iejunity , ( lat . ) hungrynesse , also barrennesse , shallownesse of judgement , or stile . Ienticulation , ( lat . ) a breaking ones fast . Ieofail , in Common-law , is when a pleading , or issue , is so badly pleaded , or joyn'd that it will be errour if they proceed , it is contracted from the French words , I'ay failli , i. e. I have failed . Ieopardy , danger , or hazard , it comes from the French words , jeu , i. e. play , and perte , i. e. losse . Ieremie ▪ a proper name , signifying in Hebrew , High of the Lord. Iesuati , an order of Monks , so called from their having the name of Jesus often in their mouths , they were begun at Sen● , in the year 1365. by Francis Vincent , and John Columbanus . Jesuites , those of the Society of Jesu , a certain religious Order instituted by St. Ignatius Loyola , they had to the three vows of Chastity , Poverty , and Obedience , the vow of Mission annexed , which bound them to go whithersoever the Roman Bishop should send them for the propagation of the Faith , and to execute whatsoever he should command them . Jesus Colledge , a Colledge in Oxford , built not long since by Hugh Price Doctor of the Laws . Jet , ( old word ) a device . Jetson , the same as Flotson . Jews-eares , a kind of mushrome or excrescence about the root of the Elder-tree . Jewsstone , a kind of stone called also a Marchesite . I F Ifere , ( old word ) together . Ifretten , ( old word ) devoured . I G Ignaro , ( Ital. ) a foolish ignorant fellow . Ignifluous , ( lat . ) running or flowing with fire . Ignify , ( lat . ) to set on fire , to cause to burn . Ignipotent , ( lat . ) powerful in fire . Ignis ●atuus , ( lat . ) a kind of slight exhalation set on fire in the night time , which ofttimes causeth men to wander out of their way . It is metaphorically taken for some trivial humour or phancy , wherewith men of shallow understandings are apt to be seduced . Ignition , ( lat . ) a setting on fire . † Ignivomus , ( lat . ) fire spitting , or vomiting out flames of fire , an Epithet proper to Aetna , and some other mountains of the like nature . Ignoble , ( lat . ) of an obscure birth , or of a base spirit . Ignominious , ( lat . ) dishonourable , full of shame or reproach . Ignoramus , is a word used by the grand Inquest empanelled in the inquisition of causes criminal and publick , when they mislike their evidence as defective , or too weak to make good the presentment , which word being written upon the Bill , all farther inquiry upon that party is stopped . It is also taken substantively for a foolish and ignorant person . † Ignoscible , ( lat . ) fit to be pardoned or forgiven . J H S , a certain character whereby hath anciently been expressed Jesus , the proper name of our Saviour , the middle letter being taken for a Greek E , but more likely the three initial letters of these words Jesus Hominum Salvator , i. Jesus the Saviour of man , have been commonly used for brevities sake . I K Ikenild street , one of the 4 famous ways , that the Romans anciently made in England : It taketh its name from the Iceni , ( so the people inhabiting Norfolk , Suffolk , and Cambridgeshire , are called ) the other three wayes were termed Foss , Erminstreet , and Watlingstreet . I L Ilcester , contracted from Ivelcester , a Town in Somersetshire , it was assaulted by Robert Mowbray , when the Nobles of England conspired against King William Rufus , to set up his brother Robert Duke of Normandy in the Royal Throne . Ilia , the daughter of Numitor , King of the Albanes , who by her Uncle Amulius was made a Vestal , but being got with child , she brought forth twins , Romulus and Remus , of whom Mars was reported to have been the father . Iliades , ( Greek ) the Title of a famous ancient Poem writ by Homer concerning the destruction of Troy , which was formerly called Ilium , from Ilus one of the Kings thereof , who inlarged it , after it had been built by Dardanus the son of Jupiter . Iliacal , ( Greek ) belonging to the Ilia or small guts . Iliac passion , a certain dangerous disease caused by the wind getting into those guts . Ilioneus , the son of Phorbas a Trojan , he went with Aeneas into Italy , and being famous for his Eloquence , was sent on all his Embassages . Illaborate , ( lat . ) unlaboured , or done without paines . † Illachrymable , ( lat . ) pittilesse , [ also unpittied . Illaqueation , ( lat . ) an entangling or ensnaring . Illation , ( lat . ) a conclusion or inference . † Illatration , ( lat . ) a barking at any one . † Illecebrous , ( lat . ) alluring , charming , or inticing . Illegitimate , ( lat . ) Bastard of a base birth , unlawfully begotten . Illepid , ( lat . ) dull and unpleasant in conversation . Illiberal , ( lat . ) niggardly , without generosity . Illicite , ( lat . ) unwarrantable , or unlawful . † Illigation , ( lat . ) a binding or wrapping within . Illimitate , ( lat . ) unbounded , having no limits or bounds . Illiterate , ( lat . ) unlearned . † Illucidation , ( lat . ) a giving light , also an explaining or making clear . Illumination , ( lat . ) the same . Illusion , ( lat . ) a deceiving , a mocking . Illustration , ( lat . ) a making cleer , a setting forth . Illustrious , ( lat . ) Noble , Famous , Renowned . Ilus , a Trojan , who when the Temple of Pallas was burning , ran into the midst of the flames and recovered the Palladium , which because no mortal eye was permitted to behold , he was strook blind , but afterwards the Goddesse being appeased , his sight was restored . Illyricum , a Country of Europe , so called from Illirius the son of Polyphemus ; it is now known by the name of Slavonia . I M Imagery , ( French ) painted or carved work of Images . Imagination , ( lat . ) a feigning or phancying , also the faculty it self likewise called the Phancy . Imaus , a great mountain dividing Scythia , into two parts , whereof one part is called Scythia within Imaus , and the other Scythia without Imaus . Imb●rgo , ( Span. ) a word used among Merchants , signifying an arrest or stop of ships or merchandizes upon any occasion . Imbarke , ( Ital. ) to go aboard a ship , a term used in Navigation . Imbecillity , ( lat . ) weakness . † Imbellick , ( lat . ) unwarlick , cowardly . Imbellish , ( French ) to ador● , to beautifie . † Imberbirk , ( lat . ) without a beard , beardless . Imber-week , see Ember . Imbibition , ( lat . ) a greedy receiving or drinking in of any liquid substance . Imborduring , a term in Heraldry , when the field and circumference of the field are both of one mettal , colour , or fur . Imbossed work , from the Dutch word Inbossieren , to carve or grave , is work made with bunches or knobs in stone or mettall . Imbossement , the manner of that work . Imbrication , ( lat . ) a making square , or bending like a gutter-tile , also a covering with tile , from Imbrex , a gutter-tile . Imbrocado , ( Spanish ) cloth of Gold or Silver . Imbroyle , ( French ) to put into a combustion , to set together by the eares . Imbuition , ( lat . ) a thorough moistning , also a seasoning , also a staining ; whence cometh our word Embrue . Imitation , ( lat . ) a following or doing like another . Immaculate , ( lat . ) unspotted , undefiled . Immanity , ( lat . ) salvagenesse , wildness , cruelty ; Also such a hugenesse as renders a thing unmanageable . Immansuete , ( lat . ) untractable , untame . † Immarcescence , ( lat . ) unfadingness , incorruptibleness ; hence the participial Immarcessible . Immaturity , ( lat . ) unripenesse . Immediate , ( lat . ) next , or presently following . Immedicable , ( lat . ) unhealable , incureable . † Immemorable , ( lat . ) unworthy of mention , unremarkeable . Immensity , ( lat . ) unmeasurableness , hugeness , exceeding largenesse . Immersion , ( lat . ) a dipping , ducking , or plunging in . † Immigration , ( lat . ) a going to dwell , a passing into . Imminent , ( lat . ) ready to fall , hanging over . † Imminution , ( lat . ) a diminishing , or lessning . Immission , ( lat . ) a putting in , a planting into . Immobility , ( lat . ) unmoveableness , a being not to be removed . Immoderate , ( lat . ) unmeasurable , intemperate . Immolation , ( lat . ) an offering up to God , a sacrificing . Immorigerous , ( lat . ) rude , uncivil , disobedient . Immortality , ( lat . ) a living for ever , everlastingness . Immortalize , ( lat . ) to make immortal . Immunity , ( lat . ) exemption from any office , freedom , priviledge . Immure , ( lat . ) to inclose , to shut up between two walls . Immutability , ( lat . ) constancy , unchangeableness . † Impacted , ( lat . ) driven in . Impaire , see Empaire . Impale , ( Ital. ) to spit upon a stake ; also to crown or adorn ; also to fence about with pales : It is a term sometimes used in Heraldry . Imparity , or Imparility , ( lat . ) inequality , unevenness . Imparlance , see Emparlance . Impassible , ( lat . ) not moved with any affection , but more especially , cold in the passion of love . Cleop. Impe , a term in Falconry , signifieth to insert a feather into the wing of a Hawk , instead of one which was broken . It comes from the Saxon word imp or himp , i. to graff or inoculate , and is metaphorically taken for to fill up any vacancies . It is taken also for a kind of graffing used by Gardeners . Impeach , or appeach , ( French. ) to hinder ; also to accuse one as guilty of the same crime whereof he which impeacheth is accused ; it cometh originally from the Latin word impedire . Impeachment of waste , in Common Law , ●s a restraint from committing of waste upon Lands or Tenements . † Impeccability , ( lat . ) an impossibility of sinning or offending ; it is a term proper to Scool-Divinity . † Impedition , or Impediment , ( lat . ) a hindering . Impel , ( lat . ) to thrust on . Impendent , ( lat . ) hanging over head , also ready to fall upon . Impenetrable , ( lat . ) unpierceable , not to be pierced . Impenitent , ( lat . ) unrepentant , not repenting . † Impen●ous , ( lat . ) having no feathers . Imperative Mood , in Grammar , is that Mood which implyeth a commanding . Imperceptible , ( lat . ) not to be taken notice of , unperceiveable . Imperial , ( lat . ) belonging to an Imperatour , i. e. a Commander or Emperour . † Imperil , ( from the Lat. periculum ) to bring into danger . Imperious , ( lat . ) given to domineer or insult , of a commanding spirit . † Imperforable , ( lat . ) not to be bored thorough , a Decompositum , or word compounded of two praepositions and a verb. Impersonal , ( lat . ) a term used in Gramar , and signifieth that word whether pronoun or verb which hath but one termination for all the three persons , or at least which wanteth a termination for one of them . Impertinence , ( lat . ) a thing not belonging to the purpose . † Impervestigable , ( lat . ) not to be found out by strict inquiry or search . Impervious , ( lat . ) through which there is no passage . Impetiginous , ( lat . ) scabby , or troubled with an itching distemper . Impetrate , ( lat . ) to obtain by earnest request or intreaty , whence the participial Impetrable . Impetuosity , ( lat . ) a driving forward with great force and violence . † Impiation , ( lat . ) a defiling . Impiety , ( lat . ) wickednesse , a being void of piety . † Impignoration , ( lat . ) a putting to pawn . † Impigrity , ( lat . ) a being free from sloth ; quicknesse , activity . † Impinge , ( lat . ) to run against any thing , also to drive fast into , as a naile into a board ; whence the Participle Impacted , above mentioned . † Impinguation , ( lat . ) a fatning , or making fat . Implacability , ( lat . ) an unreconcileablenesse , a disposition not to be appeased . Implantation , ( lat . ) a planting or fastning into . Implead , in Common Law , is to sue or commence a suit . Implement , ( lat . ) a filling up of any vacancy , also things necessary about a house , or belonging to a trade , are called Implements . Implication , ( lat . ) a folding or wrapping within , an entangling , also a necessary consequence , and in this last sence we use the word to imply , which is hence derived . Implicite , ( lat . ) folded , or intangled together , also implicite faith , is taken in a translate sence , for such a belief as is altogether upheld by the judgement , and authority of a great company agreeing together . Imploration , ( lat . ) an humble petitioning , a desiring any thing with great submission . † Implume , ( lat . ) bare , without feathers . Impolite , ( lat . ) rough , and unpolish't . Imporcation , ( lat . ) a making a Balk , or ridge in the ploughing of land . Imporous , ( lat . ) having no pores , a word proper onely to Philosophy . Importance , ( French ) moment , weight consequence , a carrying in it some great matter from the Latin words , in the preposition , and portare to carry . Importunate , ( lat . ) troublesome , or wearying with too often , or unseasonable requests . Imposition , ( lat . ) an imposing , or laying a strict injunction , also the same as Impost Imposititious names , ( latin ) original names . Impositour , ( lat . ) one that belongeth to a Printing-house , and imposeth the pages into a form for the presse . Impossibility , ( lat . ) that which cannot be done . Impost , ( French ) a tribute , or tax , but more especially we use it for the tax received by the Prince for such merchandizes as are brought into any haven from other Nations , whereas Custome is for wares shipped out of the land . Impostour , ( lat . ) a seller of false wares , also any kinde of deceiver , or jugler . Impostume , a word commonly , but corruptly used for Aposteme , ( Greek ) which is a gathering together of evil humours into any one part of the body . Impotency , ( lat . ) an unablenesse , or want of strength , it is many times taken for an unap●nesse to generation . Impoundage , a confining , or putting into a pound . Impregnation , ( lat . ) a making fruitfull , a filling , or causing to swell . Imprecation , ( lat . ) a cursing , or calling down some mischief upon anothers head . Impregnable , ( lat . ) not to be won , or taken by force . Imprese , the same as devise , it cometh from the Italian word Imprendere , to undertake . Impression , ( lat . ) an imprinting , stamping , or making a mark . Imprest money , is money paid to Souldiers before hand . † Imprimings , beginnings , from the Latin Imprimis , i. e. first of all , a word used in the beginnings of Inventories , or Catalogues of goods . Improbation , ( lat . ) a disallowing , or not approving . Improbability , ( lat . ) a matter which can not be proved , an unlikelinesse . Improbity , ( lat . ) dishonesty , wickednesse . † Improcerity , ( lat . ) a lownesse , want of talnesse , or stature . † Improcreability , ( lat . ) a barrennesse , or unaptnesse to procreate . † Improperation , ( lat . ) a making haste , also an upbraiding any one with a fault . Impropriation , ( lat . ) see appropriation . Improvidence , ( lat . ) carelesensse , or forgetfulnesse to provide , want of foresight . Improvement , an advancing of profits , a thriving , a benefiting in any kind of profession . Imprudence , ( lat . ) want of discretion , or understanding . Impudence , ( lat . ) overboldnesse , shamelesnesse . Impugnation , ( lat . ) a contradicting , or resisting . Impuissance , ( French ) weaknesse , distresse , want of outward supports . Impulsion , ( lat . ) a driving forward , a thrusting on , also a constraining . Impunity , ( lat . ) a going unpunished , an exemption from punishment . Impurity , ( lat . ) uncleannesse . Imputation , ( lat . ) a laying to ones charge . Imputrescence , ( lat . ) a keeping from putrefaction , or rotting an uncorruptiblenesse . I N Inaccessible , ( lat . ) not to be come at . Inachus , the most ancient King of the Argives , the son of Oceanus and Thetys and the brother of Aesopus , concerning his daughter Jo , see beneath in Jo , from this King Inachus the chief River of Argia took its denomination . Inaffability , ( lat . ) discurtesie , unpleasantnesse in conversation . Inaffectation , ( lat . ) carelesseness , freeness from vain-glory . Inambulation , ( lat . ) a walking from place to place . Inamiable , ( lat . ) unlovely , unpleasant . † Inamissible , ( lat . ) not to be lost . Inamorato , ( Ital. ) a lover . † Inaniloquution , ( lat . ) an i●dle or vain speaking , from inanis , empty , and loqui , to speak . Inanimate , ( lat . ) having no life , without a soul. Inanity , ( lat . ) emptiness , or a being void of air , or any other body . It is a Philosophical term used by Dr. Charlton . Inarable , ( lat . ) not to be plonghed . † Inargentation , ( lat . ) a silvering over , a covering with silver . Inaudible , ( lat . ) not to be heard . Inauguration , ( lat . ) an asking counsel of Augures or Soothsayers , also the conferring of honours or preferment upon any one , also a consecrating . Inaurated , ( lat . ) covered with Gold , gilded over . Inauspicious , ( lat . ) unlucky , ill-boding . Inborow , and Outborow , in ancient times , was the office of him that was to allow free liberty of Ingress and Egress to those that travelled between the two Realmes of England and Scotland . This office belonged in King Henry the thirds time , to Patrick Earle of Dunbar . Incalescence , ( lat . ) a growing warm or lusty , a taking heat . Incandescence , ( lat . ) a being inflamed with wroth , a growing angry . Incanescence , ( lat . ) a growing gray-headed , a waxing hoary . Incantation , ( lat . ) an inchanting or charming . Incapacity , ( lat . ) an uncapableness , or being unfit . Incarceration , ( lat . ) a putting in prison . Incarnadin colour , ( French ) a flesh colour , or the colour of a Damask Rose . Incarnation , ( lat . ) a making flesh to grow , or a being made of flesh . Incastellated , ( French ) narrow-heeled . Incendiary , ( lat . ) one that puts things into a flame or combustion , a sower of division or strife . Incense , ( lat . ) to inflame or stir up anger . Incensory , ( French ) a censing-pan , or Church-vessel , wherein they use to burn incense , being a kind of rich Perfume or Gum , distilling from a Tree of the same name , and is also called Frankincense . Incentive , ( lat . ) a stirring up , or provokement , a motive . Incentor , ( lat . ) the same as Incendiary , also Incentor , Accentor , and Succentor , are three sorts of Singers in parts . Inception , ( lat . ) a beginning or undertaking of any businesse : whence Inceptour , he that hath newly taken his degree in the University . Incern , ( lat . ) to sift , to examine strictly . Incessant , ( lat . ) continual , without ceasing . Incestuous , ( lat . ) unchast , committing incest , which is an untying of the Virgin Zone , or Cestus ; but it is commonly taken for a defiling one that is near in blood or kindred . Inchoation , ( lat . ) a beginning of any work . Incident , ( lat . ) hapning to , or falling out of necessity : It is also substantively taken in Common Law , for a thing necessarily depending upon another , as more principal ; as a Court-Baron is so incident to a Manor that it cannot be separated . Incineration , ( lat . ) a reducing to ashes or cinders . Incision , ( lat . ) a cutting deep into any thing , a making a gash . Incisure , ( lat . ) the cut or gash it self . Incitation , ( lat . ) a stirring up , or provoking . Inclamitation , ( lat . ) an often calling upon . Inclemency , ( lat . ) rigour , sharpness , a being without pitty or compassion . Inclination , ( lat . ) a bending or leaning toward , a disposition to any thing . It is also taken in an amorous sense . Artam . Inclusion , ( lat . ) an inclosing , a shutting in . Inclusive , ( lat . ) containing . Incoacted , ( lat . ) uncompelled . Incogitancy , ( lat . ) a not thinking or minding , rashnesse , inconsiderateness . † Incohible , ( lat . ) unrestrainable , not to be restrained . Incolumity , ( lat . ) a being free from danger , safeness . Incomity , ( lat . ) unsociableness , want of civility in conversation . Incommensurable , ( lat . ) holding not the same proportion , or not to be measured with another thing . Incommodious , ( lat . ) unprofitable , or unfit . Incommunicable , ( lat . ) not to be made common or imparted to another . Incompact , ( lat . ) not close fastned or joyned together . Incomparable , ( lat . ) without compare , not to be compared with . Incompatible , ( lat . ) not agreeing one with another , not induring to be joyned together . Incompensable , ( lat . ) uncapable of being recompenced . Incompossible , ( lat . ) affirming what another denies . A term proper onely to Logick . Incomprehensible , ( lat . ) not to be taken hold of , not to be conceived by the mind . Inconcinnity , ( lat . ) ungracefulness , a being ill disposed , or placed out of order . Incongealable , ( lat . ) not to be congealed or frozen . Incongruity , ( lat . ) a disagreeableness , an unfitness . Inconsideration , ( lat . ) rashness , unadvisedness . Inconsolable , ( lat . ) not to be cheared or comforted . Incon●tancy , ( lat . ) unstableness , fickleness . Incontinency , ( lat . ) a not abstaining from unlawful desires . Incorporation , ( lat . ) a mixing together into one body or substance . Incorporeal , ( lat . ) being bodiless or without a body . Incorrigibility , ( lat . ) a being past correction . Incorruptible , ( lat . ) never consuming or decaying , free from corruption . Incrassation , ( lat . ) a thickning , a making gross . Increate , ( lat . ) not made , uncreated . Incredibility , ( lat . ) a being not to be believed . Incredulity , ( lat . ) a not believing , a want of belief . Increment , ( lat . ) an increasing , or growing big . Increpation , ( lat . ) a chiding , or finding fault with . Incressant , resembling the Moon not come to the full , a term in Heraldry . Incrustation , ( lat . ) a making or becomeing hard on the outside like a crust , a rough-casting , or pargetting . Incubation , ( lat . ) a lying down , a sitting over , or brooding . Incubus , ( lat . ) a certain disease called the night-mare , which is caused by the ascending of raw humours up into the brain , and obstructing the animal spirits ; it oppresseth people in their sleep , and causeth them to imagin that some great weight is lying upon them . There is also mention made in some Stories of certain spirits , that having taken upon them humane shapes , have mixed in carnal copulation with mortal persons , the male spirit is called Incubus , the female Succubus . Inculcation , ( lat . ) an often repeating and insisting upon the same thing , that it may the more deeply be imprinted in ones mind . Inculpable , ( lat . ) unreproveable , not to be blamed . Incumbent , ( lat . ) lying or leaning upon , also it is substantively taken for him that is preferred to any spiritual living , and is in possession of it . Incumbrance , see Encumbrance . Incurable , ( lat . ) not to be cured of any disease or malady . Incur , ( lat . ) to run upon . Incursion , ( lat . ) a running into , a hitting against , also a making an inroad . Incurvation , ( lat . ) a crooking or bending . Incussion , ( lat . ) a violent shaking , or dashing against any thing . † Incusation , ( lat ) a blaming or accusing . Indacus , a servant to the Emperour Leo , so swift of foot , that he could outrun any horse . Indagation , ( lat . ) a diligent searching . Inde , ( French ) a certain Mineral wherwith they use to paint or die of a blew colour , called also Indico , because it is brought out of India . It is of two sorts , English Inde , and Inde Baunias . Indecent , ( lat . ) unbecoming , unfitting . Indeclinable , ( lat . ) not to be declined , or shun'd , also in Grammar that Noun is said to be indeclinable , which varies not Cases . Indecorum , ( lat . ) an unseemlinesse , an unhandsome carriage . Indefatigable , ( lat . ) not to be wearied or tired . Indefinite , ( lat . ) not limited , undefined , undetermined . Indelible , ( lat . ) not to be cancelled , razed or blotted out . Indemnity , ( lat . ) a freeness from damage , loss , or danger . Indenture , a writing containing some contract between two or more , ( from the French word Endenter ) it being indented or jagged on the top . Independency , ( lat . ) a not depending upon another , absoluteness of ones self ; but it is commonly taken for that profession or sect of men who manage all things belonging to Church-discipline within their own Congregations , and allow not of a dependance upon a national Church . Indeprecable , ( lat . ) not to be perswaded or intreated . Indesinent , ( lat . ) incessant , without ceasing . Indeterminate , ( lat . ) not determined or decided , but left indifferent . Index , ( lat . ) a token or mark to shew or direct , the Table of a Book . India , a famous and vast Country , lying very far toward the East , and extreamly abounding in riches . It is denominated from the River Indus . America or the New World is also called the West Indies . Indian mouse , a little beast called in Greek Ichneumon , which creeping in at the mouths of Crocodiles , eates up their entrailes , and kills them . Indication , ( lat . ) a shewing or making manifest ; also a term in Physick , signifying the right way which prescribeth what is to be done in relation to the restoring of health . Indicative mood , in Grammar is that mood which barely affirms and no more . Indicavit , the name of a writ , by which the patron of a Church may remove a suit commenced against his Clerk , from the Court Christian , to the Kings Court. Indico , the same as Inde . Indiction , ( lat . ) a certain computation of time , which came in place of the Olympiads , every Indiction is the space of 15 years , by which compute all publick writings were dated at Rome ; it signifieth also a tribute , or tax . Indifference , ( lat . ) a carelesse , general , and unconcerned affection . Cassandra . Indigence , ( lat . ) need , penurie , or want . Indigenous , ( lat . ) an indweller , or native of any Country . Indigestion , ( lat . ) cruditie , want of digestion or concoction in the stomack . Indigitation , ( lat . ) a pointing at , or shewing with the finger . Indignation , ( lat . ) a being angry with . Indignity , ( lat . ) unworthiness , unworthy dealing . † Indiligence , ( lat . ) want of diligence , sloth . Indiscretion , ( lat . ) want of discretion or prudence . Indiscriminate , ( lat . ) where no separaration or difference is made . Indissoluble , ( lat . ) not to be dissolved , untied , or taken asunder . Indistinct , ( lat . ) not distinguisht or known one from another . Inditement , see Enditement . † Inditiation , ( lat . ) a giving a mark or sign . Individual , ( lat . ) not to be divided or separated , an individual , or individuum in Philosophy is taken for a small particle or body , so minute , that it cannot be divided , and is by some called an Atome : also in Logick it signifies that which cannot be divided into more of the same name or nature , and is by somd called Singulare . Indivisible , ( lat . ) not to be divided . Indivisum , ( lat . ) in Common-law , is that which two hold in common without partion or dividing . Indocility , or Indocibility , ( lat . ) an unaptnesse to be taught or learn. Indoctrination , ( lat . ) an instructing or teaching . Indolency , ( lat . ) a being without pain . Indomable , ( lat . ) not to be tam'd . Indorcement , in Common-law is a condition written upon the other side of an obligation or conveyance , from the Italian word Endossare . Ind●bitation , ( lat . ) a not doubting , a yielding for certain . Inducement , ( French ) a perswasion , or drawing on . Induciary , ( lat . ) belonging to a league or truce . Induction , ( lat . ) a leading into , a drawing on or inticing , also in Logick , it is taken for a kind of argumentation or Imperfect Syllogisme , wherein the species is collected out of the Individuals , the Genus out of the species , and the whole out of the parts . † Indulcation , or Indulciation , ( lat . ) a sweetning , a making sweet . Indulgence , ( lat . ) a gentlenesse in suffering , a favouring , a pardoning ; it is also taken for the form of some special act of grace , granted by the Pope to divers persons , upon some special occasions , which some call an Indult . † Indument , ( lat . ) a cloathing , or garment . Induration , ( lat . ) a making hard . † Indusiated , ( lat . ) cloathed with a garment called Indusium , i. e. a shirt or smock . Industrie , ( lat . ) pains , labour , diligence : some derive it from induere and s●rnere● : it being as Minshew saith , as it were a certain structure , wherewith the mind is indued . Inebriation , ( lat . ) a making drunk . Ineched , ( old word ) put in . Ineffable , ( lat . ) unspeakable , not to be uttered . † Ineffugible , ( lat . ) unavoidable , not to be shunned . Inelaborate , ( lat . ) not labourd , or taken pains for . Ineluctable , ( lat . ) not to be overcome by wrestling , or taking great pains . Innerrable , ( lat . ) not to be declared or related . Ineptitude , ( lat . ) unaptnesse , also fondnesse . vainnesse . Inequality , ( lat . ) unequalnesse , unevennesse . Inequitable , ( lat . ) not to be rid through . † Inertitude , ( lat . ) lazinesse , slothfulnesse . Inescutcheon , a term in Heraldry , being an Ordinary formed of a threefold line , representing the shape of the Escutcheon . Inestimable , or Inaestimable , ( lat . ) which cannot be rated , of too high a price to be valued . Inevitable , ( lat . ) not to be shuned or avoided . Inexaturated , ( lat . ) not to be filled or satisfied , of an unsatiable appetite . Inexhaustible , or Inexhaurible , ( lat . ) not to be drawn out or emptied . Inexorable , ( lat . ) not to be perswaded or intreated . Inexpiable , ( lat . ) not to be purged or cleansed from sin , never to be satisfied for . Inexpleble , ( lat . ) not to be filled . Inexplicable , ( lat . ) not to be unfolded or explained . Inexpugnable , ( lat . ) not to be taken or won by force . Inextinguible , ( lat . ) not to be put out or quenched . Inextirpable , ( lat . ) not to be rooted out , whose stock or linage can never be utterly destroyed . Inextricable , ( lat . ) not to be wound out , or disentangled . Inexuperable , ( lat . ) not to be overcome , or surpassed . Infallible , ( lat . ) not to be deceaved , never failing . Infancie , ( lat . ) the first age of man , which is from the first year till the seventh . Infandous , ( lat . ) not to be spoken , monstrously wicked and hainous . Infangtheft , a word used in the practic of Scotland , signifying a liberty to sit and decide upon any theft committed within a mans own jurisdiction , by his own servant ; Out-fangtheft being the like liberty , when a theft is committed by a stranger . Infantes and Infantas of Spain , all the Sons and Daughters of the King of Spain , are so called , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or by way of eminence , except the Eldest , who are called Principe , and Princesa . Infanterie , ( Ital. ) the Foot Souldierie of an army . Infanticide , ( lat . ) Infant-killing , a murdering of Children or Infants . Infatigable , see Indefatigable . Infatuation , ( lat . ) a besoting , a making foolish . Infaust , or Infaustous , ( lat . ) unluckly , unfortunate . Infelicity , ( lat . ) unhappinesse . To Infeof , a Law Term , to grant in Fee. Inferial , ( lat . ) belonging to Funeralls . Inferiour , ( lat , ) lower , of a meaner degree . Inferiour , Planets are those which are placed below the Globe of the Sun. Infernal , ( lat . ) belonging to the deep , or hell . To Infer , ( lat . ) to bring in , to conclude from something gone before . Infertil , ( lat . ) barren , unfruitful . Infestation , ( lat . ) a troubling , molesting , or disturbing . † Infestive , ( lat . ) without sport , joy , or solemnity . Infibulation , ( lat . ) a buttoning or buckling in . Inficiation , ( lat . ) a denying . Infidelity , ( lat . ) untrustinesse , unfaithfulnesse . Infimous , ( lat . ) lowermost , meanest . Infinitive , ( lat . ) having no end or measure , the Ifinitive Mood in Grammer , is that Mood which hath neither number nor person , as other moods . Infirmary , an Hospital or Spittle for sick folks . Infirmity , ( lat . ) weaknesse indisposednesse ▪ To Infix , ( lat . ) to fasten in . Inflammation , ( lat . ) an inflaming , a swelling or burning with heat . Inflate , ( lat . ) swelling , or puft up with wind ; hence an inflate expression , is an expression swelling with big words , but to little purpose . Inflexible , ( lat . ) not to be bowed or bended , and by metaphor unruly : it is also taken in an amorous sense , when a Lady is not to be moved by the most earnest importunity of her servant . Artam . Infliction , ( lat . ) a laying a punishment upon . Influence , ( lat . ) a flowing in , also the power which celestial bodies have over earthly things . Influx , ( lat . ) a flowing in . Infacundity , ( lat . ) unfruitfulnesse , barrennesse . Information , ( lat . ) an informing , telling , nor making known . Informatus non sum , a formal answer , made by an Atturny , that is commanded by the Court to say what he thinks good in defence of his Client , whereby he is deemed to leave his Client undefended , and so judgement passeth for the adverse party . Informers , certain Officers belonging to the Kings bench , who complain of those that offend against any penal statutes ; they are also called Promoters , and by the Civilians , Delatores . Informity , ( lat . ) unhandsomenesse , uglynesse , a being out of shape or form . Infrangible , ( lat . ) not to be broken or discouraged . Infriction , or Infrication , ( lat . ) a rubbing or cha●ing in . To Infringe , ( lat . ) to break to pieces , also to indamage or diminish . Infucation , ( lat . ) a laying on of drugs , or artificial colours upon the face . Infuscation , ( lat . ) a making dark or dusky . Infusi●n , ( lat . ) a powring , in , it is used in Physick , for a steeping of roots or leaves , or any kind of medicine , in some liquid substance for a certain time , till the chiefest of their virtue be drawn out . Ingannation , ( Ital. ) a deceaving . Ingemination , ( lat . ) a doubling , also a repeating the same word over again . Ingenerable , ( lat . ) not to be begotten or produc't . Ingeniculation , ( lat . ) a bending of the knee , a kneeling . † Ingeniosity , or Ingenuity , ( lat . ) ingeniousnesse , wittynesse , also Ingenuity is taken for a free condition or state of life , also a liberal or free nature . Ingestion , ( lat . ) a carrying or conveying in . Ingle , see Ca●amite . Inglorious , ( lat . ) without glory , obscure . Ingot , a little wedge , or masse , of gold , from the French word Lingot , because it something resembleth a tongue . Ingrailed , from the Latin , Ingredior , a term in Heraldry , as a bordure ingrailed , is when the line , of which the bordure is made , crooks inward toward the field . Ingrate , ( lat . ) displeasing , not accepted , also unthankful , whence Ingratitude , unthankfulnesse . Ingredient , ( lat . ) is taken , in Physick , for one of the simples , put into a compounded medecine . Ingree , ( old word ) in good part . Ingression , ( lat . ) an entring or walking into , also a beginning , Ingressu , ( lat . ) a writ of entrie , whereby a man seeketh entrie into Lands or Tenements . Ingrosser , in Common law signifies one thnt buys up corn growing , or dead victuall to sell again . Ingurgitation , ( lat . ) a greedy swallowing , or gluttonous devouring , as it were a craming a bottomlesse pit . Ingustable , ( lat . ) untastable , not to be tasted . Inhabitable , ( lat . ) not to be dwelt in , or inhabited , but the praeposition in , hath not the same force in the word Inhabitant , this signifying a dweller , or one that lives in this or that place . Inhalation , ( lat . ) a breathing in , a breathing upon . Inhesion , or Inhaesion , ( lat . ) a sticking close , a cleaving unto . Inheritance , in Common law , is a perpetuitie of lands or tenements , to a man and his heirs . Inhibition , ( lat . ) a forbiding , in Common law , it is taken , for a writ , forbidding a Judge to proceed farther in the cause depending before him , but inhibition is a writ issuing out of a higher Court , Christian to an inferiour , whereas prohibition issues out of the Kings , to a Court Christian , or to an inferiour temporall Court. Inhonestation , ( lat . ) a shaming or disgracing , a making dishonest . Iahospitality , or Inhospitability , ( lat . ) a not affording intertainment , a churlishness to strangers , also an unfitnesse for intertainment . Inhumanity , ( lat . ) cruelty , barbarousnesse , as it were a putting off , and devesting ones self of human nature . Inhumation , ( lat . ) a burying , or putting into the ground . † Inideous , ( lat . ) unfit . Injection , ( lat . ) a casting in , it signifieth in Physick , particularly , a conveying of any liquid substance , into any part of the body , by glister or Syringe , or the like . Inimitable , ( lat . ) not to be followed or imitated . Iniquity , ( lat . ) want of equity , corruption , injustice . Iniswen , the white Island , a name which in ancient times was attributed to this Island of Brittain . Initiation , ( lat . ) an entrance , or admittance into any Faculty or Art. Injucundity , ( lat . ) unpleasantnesse . Injunction , ( lat . ) an injoyning , or commandement , as it were a joyning or fastening a command upon any one , also a decree out of Chancery , to give possession to the plaintife for want of apparence in the defendent , or to stay a proceeding in a Court , upon suggestion made , that the rigour of the law is against equity . Injurious , ( Lat. from in and jus ) wrongfull , as it were against right and law . An Inkling of a matter , a small rumour or report , as it were a tinckling , or little sound , or , as others say , from Inclinare , because by it the ear is somewhat inclined . Inlagary , in Common law , is a restitution or restoring of one outlaw'd , to the benefit or estate of a subject ; the word Inlawgh signifying in the Saxon tongue , one that is in franco●plegio , that is , under a certain law ; and in Decenna , for till a man be 12 years of age , he is not accounted under law . Inlay , see Marquetry . Inmates , signify in Common law , those that are admitted for their mony , to dwel joyntly with another man in his house , passing in and out by one door , and not being able to maintain themselves . Innatable , or Innable , ( lat . ) not to be swimed in . Innate , ( lat . ) naturally inbred . Innavigable , ( lat . ) not to be sailed in , unpassable for any ship or boat . Innes of Chancery , eight houses appointed for young Students in the elements of law , namely , Thavies Inne , anciently the mansion house of J. Thavie , Armourer of London . 2. Furnivalls Inne , once the mansion of Sr. Rich. Furnival , afterwards of the Talbots , Earls of Shrewsbury . 3. Bernards Inne , once belonging to J. Macworth , Dean of the Cathedral of Lincoln , and in the holding of Lionel Bernard . 4. Staple Inne , once belonging to the English Merchants of the Staple . 5. Cliffords Inne , once the dwelling house of Malcolm de hersey , afterwards of the Cliffords , Earls of Cumberland , of whom it is now rented . 6. Clements Inne , once a Messuage belonging to the Parish Church of St. Clement Danes . 7. New Inne , once the dwelling house of Sr. J. Tyncaulxe , it hath been also called our Lady's Inne . 8. Lyons Inne , once a dwelling house , known by the name of the Black Lyon. Innes of Court , 4 houses or Celledges , for the intertainment of Students of the law , namly , the two Temples , Inner and Middle , which were anciently the habitations of the Templars , or Knights of Jerusalem , ( to which was added the outward Temple , which is now called Essex House ) Lincoln's Inne , built by Henry Lacy , Earl of Lincoln , for his own dwelling house , and Grais Inne , anciently the mannour house of Baron Gray , in the time of Edward the third . Innitent , ( lat . ) endeavouring , leaning , or insisting upon . Innocents day , the 28 of December , wherein Masse used to be said , for the souls of the Innocent Children slain by Herod , it is also called Childermas day . Innocuous , ( lat . ) doing no hurt , harmlesse . Innominable , ( lat . ) not to be named . Innovation , ( lat . ) a making new , also a bringing in of new customs or opinions . Innoxious , ( lat . ) safe , dangerless , wherein there is no hurt . Innubilous , ( lat . ) cloudlesse , not overcast . Innuendo , a Law term , used in pleadings , to declare a thing or person that was mentioned before obscurely . Innumerable , ( lat . ) not to be numbred . Innutrition , ( lat . ) a nourishing inwardly . Ino , the daughter of Cadmus and Harmonia , and nurse to Bacchus , she was second wife to Athamas , King of Thebes , and for causing Phryxus and Helle , whom he had by his first wife Nephel● , to be banisht , she was punished by Juno , who possest her husband , with such a raving madnesse , that he took her for a lionesse , and forced her with her son Melicerta , to cast her self into the sea , where , by the compassion of the gods , they were changed into sea Deities . Inobservable , ( lat . ) not to be observed , unworthy of observation . Inocciduous , ( lat . ) never falling , setting , or going down . Inoculation , ( lat . ) a graffing , or inserting a bud or kernel into the bud of another tree . Inodoration , ( lat . ) a making to swell , a perfuming . Inopacous , ( lat . ) not dark , or shadowed . Inopinate , ( lat . ) not thought of , or expected . Inoptable , ( lat . ) not to be wisht . Inorganical , ( lat . ) wanting Organs , or Instruments of motion or operation . Inquietude , ( lat . ) restlessenesse , want of repose , or quiet of minde . Cleop. Inquiline , ( lat . ) a native , he that dweleth where he was born , from in and Colo. i. to dwel . Inquination , ( lat . ) a making foul , a polluting or defiling . Inquirendo , an authority given to a person , to inquire into something for the Kings advantage . Inquisition , ( lat . ) a searching into , or inquiring after ; also the name of a grand councel , instituted by Ferdinand , the Catholick King of Spain , who having subdued the Empire of the Moors in that kingdom , ordered , that no Moors should be suffered to stay in Spain , but such as should be baptized ; and for inquiry into those matters : this Councel was erected , and called the Sacred Councel of the inquisition , whereof the Arch-bishop of Toledo , or the Arch-Bishop of Sevil was President , assisted by 12 other Councellours . Inrolement , a registering or recording any lawful act in the Roules of the Chancerie . Insanity , ( lat . ) unsoundnesse of body or mind . Insative , ( lat . ) unsown , unplanted , growing voluntarily . Insaturable , ( lat . ) not to be filled , or satified . Inscious , or inscient , ( lat . ) unknowing , ignorant . Inscription , ( lat . ) a title or name , writ or engraven over any thing . Inscrutable , ( lat . ) not to be found out by searching , hidden , mysterious . Insculption , ( lat . ) a carving , or engraving . Insecable , ( lat . ) not to be cut . An Insect , ( lat . ) the smallest sort of Animal , as a Fly , Bee , or Ant , some think them to be so called , because they have a kind of division , or section , between the head and the belly . Insectation , ( lat . ) a railing against , as it were a following and prosecuting with evil language . Insectile , ( lat . ) not to be cut . Insection , ( lat . ) a cutting into . Insemination , ( lat . ) a sowing into . Insensate , ( lat . ) mad , foolish , void of sense . Insensible , ( lat . ) not to be perceived , also not having any sence , also the same as impassible . Artam . Insertion , ( lat . ) an engraffing , a planting into . Insic●ation , ( lat . ) a drying . Insident , ( lat ▪ ) sitting upon , also setling . Insidiation , ( lat . ) a laying ambush , a waiting to ensnare . Insimulation , ( lat . ) an accusing . Insinuation , ( lat . ) a winding ones self in by little and little , a getting into favour by degrees , as it were a going into the bosome . Insipid , ( lat . ) having no taste or relish , unsavory . Insipience , ( lat . ) foolishnesse , want of knowledge or discretion . Insist , ( lat . ) to stay upon , to urge . Insition , ( lat . ) a cutting into , a graffing . Insolation , ( lat . ) a laying in the Sun , a bleaching . Insolency , ( lat . ) pride , arrogancy , as it were an unwonted behaviour , or doing contrary to common custom . Insoluble , ( lat . ) See Indissoluble . Insomnious , ( lat . ) wanting sleep , also apt to dream . Inspection , ( lat . ) a looking narrowly into . Insperable , ( lat . ) not to be hoped . Inspersion , ( lat . ) a sprinkling upon . Inspiration , ( lat . ) an inspiring or breathing into . Inspissation , ( lat . ) a thickning or making thick . Instability , ( lat . ) unsteadfastness , inconstancy . Instancy , ( lat . ) a being near at hand , also earnestness or urgency . Instauration , ( lat . ) a renewing or repairing . Instigation , ( lat . ) a stirring or pricking on , a provoking . Instillation , ( lat . ) an instilling , or causing to drop by little and little . Instimulation , ( lat . ) the same as Instigation . Instinct , ( lat . ) a natural inward motion , or prompting . Institutes , ( lat . ) ordinances , precepts , or commandments , and particularly certain bookes of the Civil Law , collected by Justinian . Institution , ( lat . ) an ordaining or appointing . † Ins●bid , ( lat . ) hasty , inconsiderate , rash . Insubria , a Country of Italy , anciently called Gallia Cisalpina , now Lumbardy , from the Lumbards , a people of Pannonia which conquered it . Insular , ( lat . ) belonging to an Island , or Island-like . Insulsity , ( lat . ) unsavoriness , unpleasantness , also folly , bluntness of wit. Insultation , ( lat . ) a leaping on , also a boasting or insulting . Insuperable , ( lat . ) not to be vanquisht or overcome . 〈◊〉 , ( lat . ) not to be born or indured . Insurrection , ( lat . ) a rising against . Intabulation , ( lat . ) a laying on of boards or planks . Intactible , ( lat . ) not to be touched . Intakers , a sort of theeves so called , because they receive such things as the outparters bring to them . Intamination , ( lat . ) a defiling or polluting . Intangible , ( lat . ) the same as Intactible . Integral , whole , in Arithmetick integral numbers are opposed to fractions . Integration , ( lat . ) a making whole , or restoring . Integrity , ( lat . ) sincerity , uprightness , as it were soundness , and intireness of mind . Integument , ( lat . ) a covering , a garment to cover with . Intellectual , ( lat . ) belonging to the Intellect , i. e. the faculty or act it self of understanding . Intelligence , ( lat . ) knowledge , understanding , wisdom . Intemperance , ( lat . ) inordinatness of life , a want of temperance to contain a mans desires and lusts . Intempestivity , ( lat . ) unseasonableness , a doing a thing out of due season and order . Intenebration , ( lat . ) a darkning or obscuring . Inteneration , ( lat . ) a making tender , a softning . Intense , ( lat . ) stretched to the utmost , contrary to remisse , as intensely cold , i. cold in a high degree , remissely cold , i. cold in a low degree . Intent , or Intentive , ( lat . ) seriously bent upon a business . Intentation , ( lat . ) a threatning , as it were a trying o● indeavouring against . Interc●lation , ( lat . ) an interserting or putting between ; it is particularly applyed to the putting in of a day into the moneth of February in Bissextile or Leap-year . Intercession , ( lat . ) a praying or mediating in the behalf of another , as it were a stepping between to keep off harm or danger . Intercident , ( lat . ) falling between as an intercidental day , an extraordinary critical day , which being caused by the violence of the disease , falls between the ordinary critical dayes . Intercision , ( lat . ) a cutting between or in the midst . Interclusion , ( lat . ) a shutting between , or a stopping up the passage between one thing and another . Intercolumniation , ( lat . ) the distane be-two Columns or Pillars , also some kind of work placed between them . It is a term used in Architecture . Intercostal , ( lat . ) being between the ribs , as those veins and muscles which run along in those parts , are called in Anatomy , the intercostal veins and muscles . Intercurrent , ( lat . ) running or passing between , whence the substantive intercourse commonly used . Intercutaneous , ( lat . ) being between the skin and the flesh . Interdict , or Interdiction , ( lat . ) a forbidding or debarring one the use of any thing . In Common and Canon Law , interdiction is particularly taken for an Ecclesiastical censure prohibiting the use of Divine rites to the person condemned , also such persons whom all men are forbidden to receive into their house , are said to be interdicted of fire and water . Interduct , ( lat . ) a leading between , also a sp●ce left between full periods in writing or printing . Interemption , ( lat . ) a killing or violent depriving of life . † Interequitation , ( lat . ) a riding between . Interest ▪ a Verb impersonal in Latin signifieth , it concerns or belongs unto ; but we commonly use it substantively for a concernment , right , or appertainment , al●o usury , the use of money lent , being as it were the right of him that lends . Interfaction , ( lat . ) an interrupting or disturbing any one by speaking in the midst of their discourse . Interfecti●n , ( lat . ) a killing . Interfectour , an interficient or destroying Planet , and which is placed in the eighth house ( in a Nativity ) either five degrees before the cusp of the house , or 25 after . Secondly , the Lord of the eighth house . Thirdly the Planet that is joyned to the Lord of the eighth house . Fourthly the Planet that disposeth of the Lord of the eighth house when he is not therein . Interfeer , ( Frence ) to hit one leg against another , also to exchange blows . Interfluent , or Interfluous , ( lat . ) flowing between . Interrogatories , in Common Law , are questions demanded of witnesses brought in . Interjacent , ( lat . ) lying between . Interjection , ( lat . ) a casting between : It is commonly used for one of the eight parts of Speech in Grammar , expressing some sudden passion of the mind . Interim , an Adverb signifying in Latin , in the mean while ; but we commonly use it substantively for the time passing between . Interiour , ( lat . ) inward , being on the inside . Interition , ( lat . ) a perishing or decaying . Interloquution , ( lat . ) a speaking or discoursing between . Interlopers , in Common Law , are those that without legal authority , intercept the trade of a company , as it were Interleapers . Interlucation , ( lat . ) a letting in of light between , by the cutting away of boughs , a term in Gardening . Interlude , ( lat . ) a kind of Stage-play , that which is sung or represented between the several Acts. Interlunary , ( lat . ) belonging to the Interlunium , or space between the old and new Moon . Intermeation , ( lat . ) a passing between . Intermedian , or Intermeate , ( lat . ) being in the middle , or lying between . Intermeteth , ( old word ) medleth . Intermication , ( lat . ) a shining between , or in the midst . Intermission , ( lat . ) a putting between , also a deferring or leaving off for a while . Intermissions , a term in Architecture , the spaces between the wall and the pillars , or between pillars and pillars . Intermixtion , ( lat . ) a mingling between or amongst . Intermural space , ( lat . ) a space between two walls . Internal , ( lat . ) inward . Internecion , ( lat . ) a making a universal slaughter , or utter destroying . Internigration , ( lat . ) a mingling of black . Internuntiation , ( lat . ) a going or sending of a message between several parties . Interpellation , ( lat . ) an interrupting or disturbing . Interplication , ( lat . ) a folding between . Interpolation , ( lat . ) a fixing or inserting between . Interposition , ( lat . ) an interposing or putting between . Interpretation , ( lat . ) an interpreting , expounding , or explaining . Interpunction , ( lat . ) a distinguishing by making points or pricks between . Interreign , in Latin Interreguum , the space between the death of one Prince or Ruler , and the succession or election of another ; whence Interrex , he that ruleth or beareth sway during that space . Interrogation , ( lat . ) an asking or demanding a question . Interruption , ( lat . ) a troubling or disturbing any one in the midst of a businesse . Interscription , ( lat . ) an interlining , a writing between two lines . Intersecants in Heraldry , are pertransient lines which crosse one another . Intersection , ( lat . ) a cutting in the midst . Intersertion , ( lat . ) a graffing , or putting in between . Intersonant , ( lat . ) sounding between or in the midst . Interspersion , ( lat . ) a sprinkling or scattering between . Interspiration , ( lat . ) a breathing between . Interstitial , ( lat . ) having an interstice or space between . Intertexture , ( lat . ) a weaving between . Interval , ( lat . ) a distance or space either of place or time . Intervenient , ( lat . ) coming between . Intervert , ( lat . ) to turn upside down , also to beguile , or deceitfully to take away a thing committed to any ones trust . Intervigilation , ( lat . ) a watching between whiles . Intestable , ( lat . ) uncapable by the Law to make any Will , or be taken for a witnesse . Intestine , ( lat . ) inward , lying within the entrailes . Inthronization , ( lat . ) a placing upon a Throne or Seat of Majesty . Intimation , ( lat . ) a signifying , or secret declaring . Intimidation , ( lat . ) a making timorous or fearful . Intinction , ( lat . ) a dying , a dipping into any coloured liquor . Intire , ( lat . ) whole or sound . Intitulation , ( lat . ) an intiteling , an adding a title unto any thing . Intollerable , ( lat . ) not to be born , or endured . Intonation , ( lat . ) a thundering or making a terrible noise . Intoxication , ( lat . ) a poisoning or envenoming . Intractable , ( lat . ) not to be managed or trained , unmanageable . Intrado , ( Spanish ) an entrance , also a yearly revenue . Intraneous , ( lat . ) inward . Intricacy , or Intrique , ( lat . and Fr. ) an intanglednesse , incumbrance , or winding like a labyrinth . Intrinsecal , ( lat . ) inward or secret . Introduction , ( lat . ) a leading in , also a beginning or preface to any discourse . Introgression , ( lat . ) a going in . Intromission , ( lat . ) a sending inward . † Introruption , ( lat . ) a breaking in , a rushing in by violence . † Introversion , ( lat . ) a turning upside down , also a turning ones thoughts within , a looking a word used in practical Divinity . Intrusion , ( lat . ) a wrongful or unmannerly thrusting in . Intuition , ( lat . ) a clear seeing into , a distinct beholding . Intumescence , ( lat . ) a swelling , or rising up into a heap . Intumulation , ( lat . ) a throwing a heap upon , a burying . Invagination , ( lat . ) a putting into a sheath or scabbard . Invalid , ( lat . ) of no force , strength , or value . Invasion , ( lat . ) an assailing , or setting upon anothers right or dominions . Invecked , from the Latin Invehere , a term in Blazon ▪ as a bordure Invecked , is when the line of which the bordure is made inverts its points not toward the field , but into it self . Invection , ( lat . ) a carrying in , or against . Invective , ( lat . ) railing , sharp , bitter in expressions , as it were violently carried on against any one . Inveigle , to allure , or intice , from the Dutch word avanglen , i. to cast alluring eyes . Invellop , see Envelope . Inventory , ( lat . ) a certain writing wherein is contained a Catalogue , or reckoning up of the Goods & Chattels of a deceased party , which are to be prized , or valued by sufficient men , and exhibited to the Ordinary . Inversion , ( lat . ) a turning the inside out , a changing the order of things , or words . Invest , ( lat . ) to give possession , which used to be done by delivering the Tenant a rod , and administring him an Oath , also to instal with any honour , or dignity . Investigation , ( lat . ) a making diligent search , or inquiry . Investiture , ( lat . ) a giving possession , an endowing with honour . Inveterate , ( lat . ) grown old , rooted , and setled by long custome . Invigilation , ( lat . ) a carefull watching , a diligent over-seeing . Invigorate , to inspire vigour , life , and spirit . Invincible , ( lat . ) not to be conquered , or overcome . Inviolable , ( lat . ) not to be violated , or broken . Inviron , ( French ) to encompasse . Invisible , ( lat . ) not to be seen , or discerned . Invitation , ( lat . ) an inviting , bidding , or calling unto . Inumbration , ( lat . ) a casting a shadow upon . Inunction , ( lat . ) an anointing thoroughly . Inundation , ( lat . ) an overflowing with water . Invocation , ( lat . ) an invoking , or calling upon . Involation , ( lat . ) a flying into , or a flying upon . Involve , ( lat . ) to wrap , or fold in , to entangle , or overwhelm . Involuntarie , ( lat . ) unwilling . Inurbanitie , ( lat . ) incivility , want of courtesie , or affability . Inure , or Enure , to accustome , also in Common-law , it signifieth to take effect , or be available . Inusitate , ( lat . ) not accustomed , unwonted . Inutility , ( lat . ) unprofitablenesse . Invulnerable , ( lat . ) not to be wounded . J O Io , the daughter of Inachus , King of the Argives , she being beloved of Jupiter was transformed into a Cow , that she might not be known of Juno , who neverthelesse suspecting , caused her to be watch't by Argus , who had many eyes , but Argus being slain by Mercury , Juno sent a Gadfly to sting her , which made her run up and down restlesse , till at length she arrived at Aegypt , where being restored to her former shape , she was married to Osiris , and called Isis. Joab , ( Hebr. ) Fatherhood . Joachim , an Hebrew proper name , signifying preparation of the Lord. Joan , a proper name of women , answerable to that of John in men , it was the name of several great Queens , as those of Aragon and Naples . Joannitiques , a certain order of Monks , that wear the figure of a Chalice upon their breasts . Job , ( Hebr. ) sighing , or sorrowing . Joblin , ( French ) a sot , or gull . Jocasta , the daughter of Creon , King of Thebes , and the wife of Laius , after whose death she was married unknowingly to her son Oedipus , to whom she brought forth Eteocles and Polynices , who slaying one another in a contest about the Kingdom , she killed her self for grief . Joculatory , or Jocous , ( lat . ) jesting , sportive , done or spoken in jest . Jocund , in ( Latin Jucundus ) chearfull , pleasant , or joyfull , from Jocus , i. a jest . John , a proper name , signifying in Hebrew gracious , there have been divers great Kings , and other famous men of this name , as Kings of England , Scotland , Spain , and Portugal , 23 Popes of Rome , also Joannes Hircanus , a famous Captain of the Jews , who conquered Samaria , Idumaea , and a great part of Syria ; Joannes Acutus , or Hackwood , an English-man , who performed several great martial exploits in Italy , under the Dukes of Milain ; Joannes Guttenberg , a German , who invented the Art of printing , this name was anciently pronounced Juon . Joinder , in Common-law , is the coupling of two in a suite one against another . Joyning-issue , a Term in Common-law , the referring a point of a matter depending in suite , to the tryal of the Jury . Joynt-Tenants , in Common-law , are those that hold Lands , or Tenements by one Title , or without partition . Joynture , a Term in Law , being a Covenant , whereby a husband assureth unto his wife in respect of marriage lands , or Tenements for Term of her life , or otherwise . Jolaus , the Nephew of Hercules , he drove his Unkles Chariot , when he fought against Cycnus the son of Mars , afterwards when he grew old , he was restored to youth by the prayers of Hercules . Jollitrin , ( Fr. ) a youngster , or young Gallant . Jonas , a proper name , signifying in Hebrew a Dove . Jonathan , another Hebrew name , signifying the gift of God. Joncade , ( French ) a certain kinde of spoon meat . Ionia , a Countrey of Asia the lesse , having twelve great Cities , whereof Miletus and Ephesus were the chief , the inhabitants of this Countrey descended anciently from the Greeks , whence their language was called the Ionick Dialect . Ionick Order in Architecture , see Corinthian . Jopaean , a certain expression , used in Hymnes , or songs of rejoycing . Jopa● , an African King , who was one of those that sought to have married Dido , he was a great Musician , and sung in verse , of the course of the Moon , and the motion of the Stars . Jordan , ( Hebr. ) the River of judgement . Joscelin , the proper name of a man , in Latin Justulus , being a diminutive from Jost , in Latin Justus , or Jodocus , the chief of this name was Joscelin of Lovan , son to Godfrey , Duke of Brabant . Joseph , ( Hebr. ) encrease of the Lord. Josias , ( Hebr. ) fire of the Lord. Josuah , ( Hebr. ) the Lord Saviour . Jot , a little , or very small matter , from the Greek letter Iota , or the Hebrew Jod . Jotacisme , ( Greek ) a running much upon the letter Iota , or I , also a bad pronunciation of the same letter . Jouketh , a Term in Faulconry , they say the Hawk Jouketh , and not sleepeth . Journal , ( French ) a book of every dayes passages , also so much land as may be plough'd in a day by one team of oxen . Journee , ( French ) a dayes journey , also an expedition of war , a day of battell . Joyce , the proper name of a woman , in Latin Jocosa , i. merry , pleasant . Joyes of the Planets , are when they are in those houses where they are most powerfully and strong , as Saturn joyeth in Scorpio . I P Iphianassa , Iphinoe , and Lysippe , the daughters of Proetus , King of Argos , who for despising the goddesse Juno , & equalling their own beauties to hers , were struck with such a Phrensie , that they imagined themselves transformed to Cowes , but Melampus being sent for , & offered for the cure of them half the Kingdom , and which of the daughters he lik't best , soon brought them to their former estate , and married Iphianassa . Iphiclus , the son of Amphitryo by Alckmena , he was born at the same time with Hercules , who was begot by Jupiter . Iphicrates , a Captain of the Athenians , famous for many great victories . Iphigenia , the daughter of Agamemnon , and Clytemnestra , she was adjudged to be sacrificed to Diana , because that goddesse being incensed against Agamemnon for killing one of her harts , kept the Navy of the Greeks by contrary windes from their intended course , but after that Vlisses had by craft obtained her of her mother , and all things in a readinesse for the sacrifice , Diana accepted of a Hart , so that Iphigenia was set free and sent to Taurica , where she was made Over-seer of the rites of that goddesse , ( which were performed by the sacrificing of men ) by Thoas the King of that place , who was afterwards slain by Orestes , who was designed to be offered for a sacrifice . Iphimedia , the wife of Aloeus , who being ravish't by Neptune , brought forth Twins , Othus and Ephialtes , who grew every moneth nine fingers in talnesse , till they came to be of a very vast stature , they helpt the Gyants against the Gods , and were at length slain by the Arrows of Apollo and Diana . Iphinoe , see Iphianassa . Iphis , a young man of a great beauty , who fell in love with Anaxarete , see Anaxarete . Iphis , is also the name of a Cretan Virgin the daughter of Lygdus and Theletusa , she was by her mothers prayers to the goddesse Isis changed into a man , least Lygdus finding himself deceived should be incensed , for he going to travel , and giving a strict charge to Theletusa , whom he left with Childe , that if she brought forth a Female Childe , she should put her out from her , he was made to believe that it was a Boy , and as soon as his supposed Son came of age , he provided him a wife named Janthe , for whom as it hapned , Iphis proved a real husband . Ipswich , the chief Town of Suffolk , it was sacked by the Danes in the year 991. this Town is famous for the birth of Cardinal W●lsey , who was a Butcher's son of this place , and who began to build here a very magnificent Colledge ▪ here is yet to be seen the ruines of the old Town , which was called Gipwich . I R Iracundious , ( lat . ) of an angry disposition , inclinable to anger . Irascible , ( lat . ) capable of anger , irascible faculty is that faculty of the Soul from whence anger and passion is stirred up , and kindled in men . Irchenfield , or Archenfield , that part of Herefordshire , where the Citie of Hereford now standeth , and where the old Town of Ariconium stood in ancient times . Irene , the mother of Constantine the 7th . she reigned at Constantinople joyntly with her son called a Councel at Nice , consisting of above 300 Bishops , wherein the setting up of images in churches was confirmed by a decree , being expelled from the Empire by her son , who reigned alone for ▪ seven years , she at length took him by craft , put out his eyes , and cast him into prison where he died . Iris , the daughter of Thaumas , feign'd by the Poets to have been the messenger of the gods , there is a kinde of watry Meteor , so called in Greek , appearing in the Clouds of divers colours , which we call the Rain-bow . Irmunsul , or Ermisul , a certain God worshipped by the ancient Brittains , and thought to be the same with Mercury . Ironical , ( Greek ) spoken in mockery , or by that figure called Irony , which is a speaking contrary to what a man means by way of bitter gibing , or scoffing . Irradiation , ( lat . ) an enlightning , or casting beams upon . Irrational , ( lat . ) unreasonable . † Irrecordable , ( lat . ) not to be remembred . Irrecuperable , ( lat . ) never to be recovered , unrecoverable . Irredivivous , ( lat . ) not to be revived . Irrefragable , ( lat . ) unbreakable , also undeniable , not to be confuted . Irregularity , ( lat . ) disorderlinesse , as it were a being without rule , also an incapacity of taking holy orders , as being maimed , or very deformed , base-born , or guilty of any hainous crime , a Term in Canon-law . Irreligious , ( lat . ) having no Religion , or piety towards God. Irremeable , ( lat . ) through which there is no passing back , or returning . Irremediable , ( lat . ) not to be remedied , or helped . Irremissible , ( lat . ) not to be remitted , or pardoned . Irremunerable , ( lat . ) not to be rewarded . Irreparable , ( lat . ) not to be restored , or repaired . Irreprehensible , ( lat . ) not to be reprehended , or blamed . Irresolute , ( lat . ) unresolved , doubting ▪ or wavering . Irrevocable , ( lat . ) not to be revoked , or called back . Irrigation , ( lat . ) a watering of Gardens and Meadows out of some neighbouring River . Irrision , ( lat . ) a laughing at , a scoffing , or flouting . Irritation , ( lat . ) a provoking , or stirring up . † Irrite , ( lat . ) void , of no effect . Irrogation , ( lat . ) an imposing upon . Irroration , ( lat . ) a bedewing , or besprinkling . † Irruent , ( lat . ) rushing , or running violently upon . Irrugation , ( lat . ) a wrinkling , a contracting into wrinkles . Irruption , ( lat . ) a breaking violently in . Irus , a poor man of Ithaca , who was a continual messenger between Penelope and those that came to court her in her husbands absence , for which Vlisses , when he came home , killed him with his fist . I S Isaac , ( Hebrew ) laughter , as Gelasius in Greek . Isaca , or Isca , a river in England , vulgarly called Ex , from whence the City Exon , or Exeter , is denominated . Isagogical , ( Greek ) belonging to Isagogue , ( i. e. ) an Introduction or beginning . Isca Danmoniorum , see Excester . Isca Silurum , the name of a Town in Monmouthshire , commonly called Caerleon . Iscariot , the sirname of Judas , that betrayed our Saviour , from the Hebrew , Isch Carioth . Ischiatic , ( Greek from Iscrias the hip ) troubled with a pain in the hip , which pain is commonly called the Sciatica , or hip gout . Isicle , q. Iceseekle , from the dutch word Iskekel , a tappe of ice , a drop of water frozen . Isis , a goddesse , worshipped by the Egyptians , she was at first called Io , and was the daughter of Inachus , King of Argos , see Io. Isis , the river Ouse , in Wiltshire , which meeting with Thames , is called Thamisis . Islip , a Town in Oxfordshire , anciently called Gistlipe , famous for being the birth-place of King Edward the Confessour . Ismaelite , one descended from Ismael , the son of Abraham , by his Concubin Agar . Isonomy , ( Greek ) an equality . Isoceles Triangle , ( in Geometry ) is that which hath two equal sides , and two equal opposite Angles . Isota de Nugarolis , a Virgin of Verona , the daughter of Antonius de Nugarolis , she was very famous for Philosophy , Philology , and Poetry . Isped , ( old word ) dispatched . Israel , ( Hebrew ) prevailing in the Lord. Issue , in Common law , signifieth either children begotten between a man and his wife , or the profits of lands , or the profits growing from a fine , or a matter depending in suit , whereupon the parties joyn . Isthme , ( Greek ) a narrow neck of land , lying between two seas , the most famous Isthmus , is that of Greece , whereupon Corinth stands ; from thence were denominated the Isthmian Games , instituted by Theseus , in honour of Neptune . Istria , a Country of Italy , joyning to Illyricum . Isurium Brigantum , the name of an ancient City in York-shire , so called from the River Vre running by it : It was many ages since , rased to the ground , but out of the ruines of it was built a Town , now called Ealdburgh or Aldborow . I T Italia , or Italie , one of the most famous Countries of Europe , so called from Italus , otherwise called Atlas , an ancient King thereof , who had two daughters , Electra , whom he marryed to Camboblasco , King of the Janigenae , and Roma , whom he made Queen of the Aborigenes , she is said to have laid the foundation of the City Rome , which was afterwards finished by Romulus , others derive Italy from the Greek word Italos , an Ox , because that Country abounded with Oxen , it was anciently called Hesperia , from Hesperus , the brother of Atlas . To Italianize , a made word , signifying to speak or do like an Italian . Iteration , ( lat . ) a saying or doing the same thing over again , a repeating . Ithaca , an Island in the Ionian sea , where Vlisses was born , it is full of Goats , but no Hare can live there . Itinerary , ( lat . ) belonging to a journy , also substantially used for a Calender of miles , or a note-book , wherein are set down the passages of a journy . Itylus , the son of Zethus and Aedon , see Aedon . Itys , the son of Tereus , King of Thrace , by Progne , the daughter of Pandion , King of Athens , he was slain by his mother , and set before Tereus , to eat at a banquet , ( because he had deflowred her sister Philomel , who after her hands and tongue were cut off , wrought the relation of it with her needle ) but Tereus discovering in the midst of the banquet , the slaughter of Itys , by seeing the head of the child , he pursued Progne and her sister , with his sword drawn , who running from him , Progne was changed into a swallow , Philomell , into a Nighingale , and Itys into a Pheasant . J U Juba , a King of Mauritania , he was a constant friend to Pompey's party , he overthrew Curio , and all his forces sent into Africa , by Caesar : when Pompey was overcome , he joyned his forces with Scipio , and dyed fighting with Petreius . Jubarb , q. barba jovis , because of its perpetual greennesse , a kind of plant , otherwise called Housleek . Jubeb ▪ fruit or Jujubes , ( Arab. zufalzef ) a kind of Pruan , used much in Physick , and sold by Apothecaries ; it was a fruit known among the Seres , a people of Scythia , and therefore called in Latin Sericum . Jubilation , ( lat . ) a solemn rejoycing , a shouting for joy . A year of Jubile , a great festival , or time of rejoycing , celebrated every 50th year by the Jews , in remembrance of their deliverance from Egypt , it came at length to be solemnized among the Christians , being first instituted by Pope Boniface , the eighth in the year 1300 , who ordained it to be kept every hundred years , it comes from the Hebrew word Jocel , rejoycing . Jucundity , ( lat . ) pleasantnesse . Judea , a Country of Syria , in Asia the greater , bordering eastward upon the dead sea , it is also called Chananaea , or the land of Promise . Judaisme , ( lat . ) the faith or religion of the Jews . Judicatory , ( lat . ) a place of Judgement or hearing of causes . Judicial , or Judiciary . ( lat . ) belonging to a cause , tryal , or judgement . Judith , ( Hebr. ) praising , a proper name of women . Ivetot , a Town of lower Normandy in France , which hath in former times been governed by a titular King ; whence a man of a great Title , and a small inheritance , is in derision called a King of Ivetot . Jugal , ( lat . ) belonging to a yoak . Jugament , ( lat . ) a yoaking or coupling . Jugular , or Jugularie , ( lat . ) belonging to the throat , whence the jugular veins are those veins which ascend along the sides of the neck , to the bottom of the head . Jugulation , ( lat . ) a cutting the throat of any one , a killing . Jugurth , the son of Manostabales , brother of Micipsa , King of Numidia ; whom his Uncle , dying , constituted heir of his kingdom , together with his two sons , Adherbal and Hiemsal , but Jugurth , that he might possesse the Kingdom to himself , slew them both : whereupon the Romans made war upon him for a long time , wherein at length being overthrown by Marius , he fled to Bocchus , King of Mauritania , by whom he was betrayed to Sylla , and being brought to Rome , dyed in prison . Jujubes , see Jubeb fruit . To Juke , to pearch or roost as a Hawk . Julep , a kind of physical medecine , to open the inward parts , and prepare for purgation , being a decoction mingled with sirrups , or sweetned with sugar . Jullaber , a certain hillock in Kent , so called from one Jullaber , a Giant , or as some say , a Witch , who was here enterred , but Cambden rather thinks it so named from Laberius Durus , a Captain of Julius Caesars , who was here slain . Julian , sirnamed the Apostate , because that being brought up in the Christian religion , he fell back to Heathenisme : he was the son of Constantius , and by his valour came to be made Roman Emperour , he prohibited to the Christians all kind of learning , that through their ignorance , they might become uncapable to defend their religion : at last , in an expedition against the Persians , being mortally wounded , he cryed out , vicisti Galilaee , Thou hast overcome , O Galilaean , meaning Christ ; and soon after dyed : also , a proper name of women , contracted Juliana , some write it Gilian . Julian account , see Gregorian account . Julio , a kind of Italian coin , made by Pope Julius , valuing about six pence of our mony . Julius Caesar , the first of the Roman Emperours , he subdued France , Spain , Brittain , the Low Countries , and the greatest part of Germany , afterwards he entred into a civil war with Pompey , whom he utterly defeated at the battle of Pharsalia , and his two sons , Cneus and Sextus Pompeius in Spain ; and having reigned three years in Rome , as absolute Emperour , he was at length slain in the Senate house , by Brutus and Cassius , the word signifies in Greek softhaired . Julius , the sirname of Ascanius , the son of Aeneas , and his first wife Creusa , he came along with his father into Italy , and built the City Alba in the place , where he found the white Sow with the 30 Pigs : also the son of Ascanius , who stood in competition for the kingdom of Alba , with Silvius Posthumus the son of Aeneas by his second wife Lavinia ; the word signifieth in Greek , the soft down appearing on the chin of a young man , before he comes to have a perfect beard . July , the name of the fifth moneth from March , which was heretofore accounted the first moneth of the year , it was so named from Julius Caesar , being in former time called Quintilis . Jumentarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a horse , or any kind of labouring beast , called in Latin jumentum . Juncture , ( lat . ) a joyning together , also a joynt , also juncture of time , the very nick or moment of time . June , the fourth moneth of the year from March the first . Some say it was so called from Juno , as it were junonian moneth . Others from Junius Brutus , who begun his Consulship in that moneth : it is called in Greek Hecatombaeon , from the Hecatombs or Sacrifices of a hundred Oxen which used to be offered to Jupiter in this moneth . Junke , in Navigation , is any piece of an old cable . Juno , the daughter of Saturn and Ops , and both wife and sister to Jupiter , to whom she brought forth Vulcan and Mars , and a daughter called Hebe , whom she conceived by eating of green Lettice : she is called Juno a juvando , i. from giving help , also Lucina , from causing men to see the light of the World , being said to be present at the birth of all children that come into the World , and to sit crosse-legged when any miscarry . She is also called Sospita a Sospitando , i. e. keeping in safety . Juno's teares , a kind of plant otherwise called Vervain . Junto , or Junta , ( Span. ) a meeting together of men to ●it in council . Ivory , ( French ) the Elephants tooth being the finest and whitest kind of bone , of which boxes and several sorts of things are made . Jupiter , the son of Saturn by his wife Ops , born at the same birth with Juno , and hid in the mountain Ida in Creet , where he was bred up by the Curetes unknown to his father Saturn , who intending to devoure all his male children , his wife Ops gave him a great stone wrapt up in swadling clouts , to eat instead of his son Jupiter , who coming to age and understanding his fathers designs against him , conspired against him , and cast him out of his dominions , and divided the government of the World between himself and his two brothers ; the Heavens he reserved to himself , to Neptune he gave the Empire of the Sea , and to Pluto the lower Regions of the Earth . Jupiter Belus , the second King of Babylon , or as some say the first , he was the son of Nimrod , called also Saturn . Juration , ( lat . ) a swearing , or taking an oath . Jurats , ( French ) certain officers otherwise called Eschevins , or Sheriffs . Jurden , or Jordon , a kind of Urinal or Chamberpot , also Jordan is the name of a River dividing Perea from the rest of Judaea . Juridical , ( lat . ) belonging to the Law , judicial , or which will bear an action . Jury , ( in lat . Jurati ) signifieth in Common Law , a company consisting of 24 or 12 men empanelled , and sworn to deliver a truth upon such evidence as shall be delivered them touching the matter in question , there being three sorts of trials , either by Assize or Jury , by Battel , or by Parliament . In every general Assize , there is both a Grand Jury consisting of 24 substantial men , chosen indifferently out of the whole County , and others called Petit Juries , consisting of 12 , to whom are referred such things concerning life and death , as the Grand Jury have approved of . Jurisdiction , ( lat . ) authority to make or execute Laws . Also it is used for any kind of power or authority . A Jurist , a Lawyer . Jurisprudence , ( lat . ) knowledge or skil in the Laws . Jurn , or Journchoppers , the regraters or changers of yarn . Juror , one of the twelve men in a Jury . Jury-mast , is one made at sea in case of necessity , by fastning several pieces together . Jussel , a minutal from jus , signifying a dish made of several meats minced together . Jussulent , ( lat . ) full of broth or pottage . Justes , ( French ) tikings or combats on horseback with Speares and Lances . Justice , or Justicer , ( French ) an officer deputed by the King or Common-wealth , to act by way of judgement . Justice of the Kings Bench , is the capital or chief Justice of England , he is a Lord by his office , which is most especially to hear and determine all pleas of the Crown , that is such as concern offences committed against the Crown , Dignity , and Peace , of the King ; as Treasons , Mayhems , and the like . Justice of Common pleas , is he who hears and determines all causes at the Common Law , that is , all civil causes between common persons , as well personal as reall . He is also a Lord by his office . Justice of the Forrest , or Justice in eyre of the Forrest , is he that hath the hearing and determining of all offences within the Kings Forrest committed against Venison or Vert , and is also a Lord by his office . Justices of Assises , such as were wont by special commission to be sent into this or that County to take Assises for the ease of the subjects . Justices of oyer and terminer , are Justices deputed upon some special and extraordinary occasions , to hear and determine causes . Justices in eyre , those that were wont to be sent with commissions into divers Counties , to hear such causes as were termed the Pleas of the Crown , and were for the ●ase of the subjects who must have come to the Kings Bench , if the cause were too high for the County-Court , from the French word Erre , a journey . Justices of Goale delivery , are such as are sent with commission to hear and determine all causes appertaining to such as for any offence are cast into Goale . Justices of Nisi prius , the same now adayes with Justices of Assises . Justices of tryal baston , or trayl baston , were certain Justices appointed by Edward the first to make inquisition through the Realme , upon all Officers , as Mayors , Sheriffs , Escheatours , &c. touching extortion , briberies , intrusion into other mens lands , and Barratours that used to take money for beating of men , and they had power either to punish by death , or to exact a ransome . This term comes from two French words , treille an arbour or form , and baston a staff or pole , to note that the Justices imployed in this commission , had authority to proceed without any solemn Judgement-seat , but wheresoever they could apprehend the malefactours . Justices of peace , are such as are appointed by the Kings commission to attend the peace in the County where they dwell , whereof such whose commission begins Quorum vos unum esse volumus , are called Justices of the Quorum . Justicies , a Writ directed to the Sheriff for the dispatch of justice in some especial cause wherewith of his own authority he cannot deal in his County-Court ▪ Justiciable , ( French ) subject to Law , under authority . Justicians , a certain religious Order instituted in the year 1412 in the Abby of St. Justine at Padua , by one Lewise Balus a Venetian . Justification , ( lat . ) a clearing , justifying , or making good ; in Common Law it is a shewing a good reason why a man did such a thing as he is called to answer . Justinianus , a name by which two of the Roman Emperours were called . The first was famous for causing the Civil Law to be reduced into the Pandects and the Code ; whence Students of the Civil Law are called Justinianists : the second for the great wars he had with the Saracens and Bulgarians . Justinopolis , a City of Istria , built upon the Sea side by the Emperour Justine : it is now called Cabo d' Istria . Jutties of houses , are certain parts of a building , which jut or stand out farther than the rest . Juturna , the daughter of Daunus , and sister of Turnus King of the Rutuli , she was by Jupiter in recompence of the losse of her maiden-head immortalized , and made Nimph of the River Numicus . Juvenility , ( lat . ) youthfulnesse , lustinesse , or vigour . Juventas , the Goddesse of Youth , the same with Hebe . Juverna , an ancient name of Ireland . I W Iwimpled , ( old word ) muffled . I X Ixion , the son of Phlegyas , he having slain his son in law Erioneus , after he had long wandered up and down , and could not be absolved either by gods or men ; at length Jupiter pitying him , took him up into Heaven and expiated him ; but he after his purgation remaining among the gods , fell in love with Juno and sollicited her to unchastity , which she making known to Jove , he formed a cloud in the shape of Juno , and Ixion thinking it to have been the goddesse , begat a race of Centaurs , and being soon after sent down to the earth , he boasted every where that he lay with Juno , for which being struck down to Hell with a Thunderbolt , he was condemned to be alwayes rowled on a wheele . K A KAb , or Cab , an Hebrew measure containing three pints of our measure . Kalends , see Calends . Karena , the twentieth part of a drop , a term used in Chimistry . Karobe , or Carobe , a kind of fruit , also an herb called St. Johns bread , also a very small weight used by Goldsmiths , being the 24 part of a grain . Karos or Caros , a certain disease in the head which causeth much drousinesse . Katharine , see Catharine . K E Keel , the lowest and first timber laid in a ship , the botton of a ship , also a vessell to coole new beer or ale in . Keen or Kene , ( old word ) sharp , some think it comes from the Greek word a cone , a whetstone . Keeper of the great Seal of England , is he under whose hands passe all Charters , Commissions , and grants of the King , strengthned by the Great or Broad Seal , without which they are of no effect . He is a Lord by his office , and one of the Kings privy Council . Keeper of the privy Seal , is also a Lord by his office , and one of the privy Council ; under his hands passe all Charters signed by the King , before they come to the Broad Seal . Keeper of the Forrest , is he who hath the principal government of all things belonging to the Forrest : he is also called chief Warden of the Forrest . Kele , ( old word ) to coole . Kemeling , ( old word ) a Brewers vessel . Within Ken , within sight or view , a term in Navigation , and comes from the Saxon word Kenne , i. e. to know or discover . Kenchester , a Town in Herefordshire , built as some think out of the ruines of old Ariconium . Kenhelm , the proper name of a man , signifying in Saxon , defence of his kindred . Kenneleth , ( applyed to a Fox ) when he is in his hole . A term in hunting . Kenodoxy , or Cenodoxy , ( Greek ) vain-glory . Kenotaph , see Cenotaph . Kerchief , ( French Co●vrechef ) a kind of linnin dresse which women use to wear upon their heads . Kerck , or Kirk , ( old word ) a Church . Kern , an old Brittish word , signifying a horn . Kern , a kind of light-armed foot souldier among the Irish ; we use it also for an ordinary Country farmer , also to Kern , signifieth to powder or to salt . Kernel , ( lat . Kernellare ) an old word , signifying to embattle a house . Kerry , a County of Ireland in the Province of Mounster . Kers , or Cresses , a kind of plant so called . Kersie , ( French ) a kind of cloth or stuff much used . Kesar , a word which the Brittains used instead of Caesar , and is taken in the same sense at this day , when they say , King nor Kesar . Kesteven , see Holland . Key of a River or Haven , a place where ships ride , and are as it were lock't in . Some deduce it a quiescendo , i. from resting , or from the old Latin Casare , i. to restrain . Keynard , ( old word ) a micher . K I Kichel , ( old word ) a kind of cake , the same which is called in Latin Libum . Kilderkin , ( in Dutch Kindek●n ) a kind of liquid measure , being the eighth part of a hogshead , it contains about eleven or twelve gallons . Kiles , from the Dutch word keghel an Isicle , certain pins to play withal , commonly called Nine-pins . Kildare , two Counties of Ireland in the Province of Leimster . Kilkenny , two Counties of Ireland in the Province of Leimster . Kinburgh , ( Sax. ) strength and defence of kindred , a proper name of women . King , ( from the Dutch word koning , i. to know , because he ought to be the most knowing of men , or from Konnen , to be powerful ) the supream Ruler of a Nation . King of Harolds , or King of Arms , he is called Garter , and is the same with Pater patratus , among the Romans . See in Harald . Kingsbench , the Court or Judgement-seat where the King was wont to sit in his own person , and therefore it was moveable with the Court or Kings houshold , and was called Curia domini Regis , or Aula Regia . Kings Silver , that money which is due to the King in the Court of Common-pleas , in respect of a license there granted to any man for passing of a fine . Clark of the Kings Silver , is an officer of the Common pleas , unto whom every fine is brought , after it hath been with the custos Brevium , and by whom the effect of the Writ of covenant is entred into a paper book . Kingston upon Thames , a Town in Surry , so called because Athelstane , Edwin , and Etheldred , were here Crowned Kings in the open Market-place . Kintal , see Quintal . K N Knap of ground , a little rising hillock . Knave , ( Sax. Canapa ) signifieth originally a Lacquey or Waiting-man , and cometh originally from the Hebrew word Gnavadh , to serve . Knees , in Navigation , are certain crooked pieces of timber used in Ships to fasten the beames unto the sides . Knight , ( Sax. Cnicht ) hath been taken originally for a souldier or horseman in war ; those that were wont to accompany and wait upon the Emperour in the wars , were called in Dutch Knechts , i. e. servitours or lusty young men . It is also taken for a client or vassal , but more especially one that holds his land by serving his Lord on horseback ; it is now grown to be a Title of great Dignity and Honour . Of Knight-hoods there are many sorts , but the most usual in this Nation are these . Knight Bachelour , the lowest , but ancientest Order of Knight-hood , and cometh from the Germans , among whom it was an ancient custom , that as soon as the State judged any of their young men fit to manage armes and weapons , and allowed him sufficient for martial exercises , then in the very assembly and council , either one of the Princes , the father , or son of the kinsfolk of the young man , did furnish him with a shield and a javelin , as the Romans did the toga virilis , or Virile gown , to those whom they thought capable of publick imployment , and thenceforth from a part of a private house , he was accounted a member of the Common-wealth . It was also an ancient ceremony to honour men with the Girdle of Knighthood , which he who received , was solemnly to go to Church , and offerring his sword upon the Altar , to vow himself to the service of God ; afterwards it came to be usual for Kings to send their sons to the neighbour Princes , to receive Knighthood at their hands ; Then it was also that besides the Sword and Girdle , Gilt-Spurs were also added for more ornament , whence in Latin they are called Equi●es aurati ; the word Bachelours some derive from the French Baschevaliers , as it were Knights of the lowest degree ; others from Batailler to battel or fight : they are also simply and without any addition called Knights . Knight Banneret , from the Dutch word Bannerherr , Lord or Master of the Banner , is a Knight made in the field , with the ceremonies of cutting the point of his Standard , and making it as it were a Banner , and is allowed to display his arms in the Kings army . This Dignity was given at first by the Kings of England and France , to such Gentlemen as valiantly carried themselves in two Royal Battels , or to such as had ten vassals and means to maintain a Troop of Horses at their own charge . Some say the first original of it was from Edward the third . Knight Baronet , is a new distinct Order erected by King James , who for certain disbursements toward the Plantation in Vlster , created divers into this Dignity , and made it hereditary by his Letters Patents to be seen in the Rolles , whereas before that time there were Baronets who were not Knights , and these Knight Baronets were to have precedency in all Writings , Sessions , and Salutations , before all Knights of the Bath , and Knights Bachelours , and Bannerets , except those created under the Kings Standard in an Army Royal , the King being personally present , and the King was not to create any person into that degree of Baronet within the Kingdom of England , above the number of two hundred . Knight of the Bath , an Order of Knights created within the lists of the Bath , and girded with a sword in the Ceremonies of their Creation , these Knights were wont to be created with a great many religious solemnities , which usually belong to Hermites , and other holy Orders . Knights of the Carpet , are another sort of Knights made out of the field , and are so called , because in receiving their order they commonly kneel upon a Carpet . Knights of the Garter , an order of Knighthood , instituted by King Edward the 3d. some say upon occasion of good successe in a skirmish , wherein the Kings Garter was used for a token , others affirm that the King after his great successes abroad and at home , dancing one night with the Queen and other Ladies , took up a Garter that hapned to fall from one of them , whereat some of the Lords smiling , the King said that ere long he would make that Garter to be of high reputation , and shortly after he erected this order of the blue Garter , which consists of 26 martial Nobles , whereof the King of England used to be the chief , and the rest be either of the Realm , or Princes of other Countreys , there are also depending upon this order 26 poor Knights , who have no other sustenance , but the allowance of this house , and are also called poor Knights of Windsor , the site of this Colledge being the Castle of Windsor , with the Chappel of St. George , the Officers belonging to this Order , are , the Prelate of the Garter , which Office belongeth to the Bishop of Winchester , the Chancelour of the Garter , the Register of the Garter , who was alwayes Dean of Windsor , the principal King of Arms , called Garter , and the Usher of the Garter , which Office belonged to the Usher of the Princes Chamber , called Black-rod . Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem , an Order of Knighthood erected in the year 1120. and had their first foundation and abode in Jerusalem , afterwards they had their residence at Rhodes , whence they were expelled by Solyman , and ever since their chief seat hath been at Malta , where they have done great exploits against the Turk , there was one general Prior that had the government of the whole Order in England , and Scotland but toward the end of Harry the eights reign , they were suppressed in England for adhering to the Pope . Knights of the Temple , or Knights Templars , an Order of Knighthood erected by Pope Gelasius , about the year of our Lord 1117. these Knights in the beginning dwelling not far from the Sepulchre of Christ , intertained Christian strangers and Pilgrims charitably , and in their Armour led them through the holy land , to view such things as there were to be seen , and to defend them from the Infidels , but because at the last they abounded in many Vices , and many of them fell away from Christianity to the Saracens , the whole Order was suppressed by Pope Clement the fifth , and their substance given to the Knights of Rhodes , and other Religious Orders . Knights of the Shire , two Knights , or other Gentlemen of worth , that are chosen by the freeholders of every County , that can dispend fourty shillings per annum , and be resident in the Shire ; formerly none but Knights were chosen to that Office ( Milites gladio cincti , for so runneth the Tenour of the Writ ) when every one that had a Knights fee was constrained to be a Knight , but now custome alloweth that Esquires may be chosen , so that they be resident in the County . Knight Marshal , an Officer of the Kings house , who hath the Jurisdiction and Cognisance of any transgression ; as also of all Contracts made within the Kings house and verge . Knights of Calatrava in Spain , an Order created by Alonzo , the ninth King of Spain , conferred upon certain Cavallero's , who went in Devotion to succour Calatrava against the Moors , their badge was a red crosse on the left side of their breast . Knights of the Jar , see Jar. Knights fee , so much inheritance as is sufficient to maintain a Knight with convenient Revenue , which was in ancient time about 800 Acres , it is also taken for the Rent that a Knight payes for his fee to the Lord of whom he holds . Knights service , or Chevalry , a certain ancient Tenure of Lands , by which a man was obliged to bear Arms in defence of his Countrey . Knighten Guild , a certain Guild , or Company in London , consisting of 19 Knights , it was founded by King Edgar , who gave them a portion of void ground , lying without the Citie , now called Portsoken Ward . Knipperdollings , a certain Sect of Hereticks , who lived in Germany , about the time of John of Leyden , they were so called from one Knipperdolling , who was the first founder of that Sect. Knolls of Peace , certain Mounts cast up by mans hand , in the Sherifdom of Sterling in Scotland , called in Latin Duni Pacis . K U Kunigunda , or Cunigunda , the wife of Henry the second , Duke of Bavaria , and Emperour of Germany , she to free her self from the aspersion of inchastity that was cast upon her , caused certain Plough-shares to be heated red hot , and placed at a little distance one from the other , and went over them blindfold without receiving any harm , whereby she cleared her self from all suspition , the like was reported of Edward the Confessours wife , and this tryal afterwards became oftentimes in use upon such like occasions , and was called the tryal of fire Ordeal . K Y Kyle , a County in the South part of Scotland , by Bede , called Campus Cyel , i. e. the field Ciel ; this with other Territories Eadbert King of Northumberland annexed to his Kingdom . Kyrie Eleison , a form of solemne invocation , used in the Liturgy , or Service book , and signifieth in the Greek tongue , Lord have mercy upon us . L A LAbarum , ( Greek ) a military streamer , or flag , also a Church Banner , or Ensigne . Labda , the daughter of Amphion of the Race of the Bacchidae , she being lame and despised by the rest of the Bacchidae married Aetion , to whom she brought forth Cypselus , so called from a certain Corn measure , wherein his mother hid him from the ten men , whom the Corinthians by a publick decree ordained to kill him , because it had been foretold by the Oracle that a son of Labda should invade the Tyranny of Corinth . Labdacisme , see Lambdacisme . Labdanum , or Ladanum , a kinde of sweet Gumme , taken from the leaves of a certain small shrub , called Cistus Ledon . Labefaction , ( lat . ) an enfeebling , or making weak . Labels , Ribbands hanging down upon Garlands , or Crowns , made of flowrs , also little pieces of parchment cut out long-wayes , and hanging upon Indentures , or other kinde of writings , also in Heraldry they are those lines , which hang down from the file in an Escutcheon . Labeons , ( lat . ) blaber-lipped persons . Labienus , one of Caesars Captains , who did very famous actions under him in Gallia , but when the Civil wars broke out , fled from him to Pompey's party . Labile , ( lat . ) slippery , apt to slip , or fall . Laborariis , the name of a Writ that lieth against such as having not wherewith to live , do refuse to serve . † Labori●sity , ( lat . ) laboriousnesse , painfulnesse . Labour , a ship is said to Labour in the Sea , when she rowles and tumbles very much , either a Hull , or under Sail. Labyrinth , ( Greek ) a Maze , or place made with so many turnings and windings that a man once entered in , cannot finde the way out , whereof the two most famous were , that built by Miris King of Egypt , and that which Daedalus built for Minos , King of Crete , it is also by Metaphor used for any kinde of intanglement , or intricate businesse . Lacca , a kinde of red Gumme , issuing from certain Trees in Arabia . Laceration , ( lat . ) a tearing , or dismembring . Lacert , ( Latin ) from Lacerta , a Lizard ( from Lacertus ) the brawny part of the arm . Lacession , ( lat . ) a stirring up , or provoking . Laches , in Common-law , signifieth negligence , from the French word Lasche , i. carelesse , or slothfull , or Lascher , to loosen . Lachesis , the name of one of the Destinies . Lacken , ( old word ) contemned , also extenuated . Lachrymation , ( lat . ) a weeping , or shedding tears . Laconisme , ( Greek ) a speaking briefly , or after the manner of the Lacedemonians . Lactary , ( lat . ) a Dairy house , or place where they keep Milk , or make Cheese . Lacteal , or Lacteous , ( lat . ) milky , milk white , or made of milk . Lactucina , a certain goddesse among the Romans , see Matura . Lacunation , ( lat . ) a making holes . Ladanum , or Laudanum , see Labdanum . Ladas , a Page of Alexander the Great , he ran so swift that the print of his foot could not be discerned in the sand . Ladon , a River of Arcadia , where Syriax was turned into a Reed . Laghslite , a Saxon word from Lah Law , and Slite a breach , signifying a Mulct for breach of the Law. Lagophthalmie , ( Greek ) a disease in the eyes , which causeth one to sleep like a Hare with the eye-lids open . Lai●al , ( lat . ) belonging to Lay-men , or such as have not to do in the Ministerial function . Laines , courses , or ranks laid in the building of stone , or brick-walls , a Term in Masonry . Laire , ( a Term in hunting ) the place where a Deer harbours by day . Lais , a woman of Sicily , who going to dwell at Corinth , became a very famous strumpet , and exacted excessive rates for the prostitution of her body , afterwards removing to Thessaly , she was in such high request among the men of Th●ssaly , that the women out of envy killed her in the Temple of Venus , it was by her instigation that Alexander the Great caused Persep●lis to be burnt . Laius , the son of Labdacus , King of Thebes , and the father of Oedipus , see Jocasta , or Oedipus . Lake , a kinde of red colour , used in painting . Lambith , q. Lomehith , i. e. a Lomy , or Clayish rode , a Town in Surry , famous for a stately Palace , belonging to the Arch-bishops of Canterbury , first built by Arch-bishop Baldwin , in the year 1183. in this place Hardy-Canute , the Danish King of England , giving up himself wholy to luxurious banquettings , & costly intertainments expired suddenly , in the midst of his debauchery , and excessive Cups . Lambdacisme , ( Greek ) a pronouncing the letter L. which is called in Greek Lambda , with greater force then it should be . Lamdoides , the hindermost seam of the skull . Lambert , the proper name of a man , signifying in Saxon fair Lamb , or as others will have it , Far famous . Lambition , ( lat . ) a licking , a lapping with the tongue , also a going over a thing with a soft touch . Lamiae , ( lat . ) certain Female spirits , or apparitions by some called fairies , there was also one Lamia , a Concubine of Demetrius , to whom the Thebans built a Temple , under the name of Lamia Venus . Lammas day , the first of August , so called , as some say , because the Priests , on this day , were wont to gather their Tithe-Lambs , others take it from the Saxon word Laffmess , i. Breadmass , it being kept as a feast of Thanks-giving for the first fruits of the Corn , it is also called Gule , or Yule of August , see Gule of August . Lampadios , a constellation in the head of Taurus ▪ Lampasse , vulgarly called the Lampreys , a disease in the mouth of a Horse , so named , because it is cured by burning with a Lamp , or a hot Iron . Lampetia , see Neaera . Lampoon , a kinde of Drolling Poem , or Pamphlet , wherein any person of the present age , is mentioned with reproach , or scurrility . Lamprey , or Suck-st●ne , a kinde of fish , called in Latin Muraena . Lampsacus , a Town upon the Hellespont , near the Coast of Asia . Lanarious , or Laneous , ( lat . ) belonging to , or made of wool . Lancaster , or Loncaster , ( i. a Town situate upon the River Lone ) the chief Town of Lancashire , which some think to be the same with the ancient Town Longovicum . Lancelot , the proper name of a man , signifying in Spanish a Lance , or Spear , of this name was one of King Arthurs Knights of the round Table . Lancepesado , see Launcepesado . Lanch , to put a float a ship , or boat , that lies aground . Lanciferous , ( lat . ) bearing a Launce . Landcape , an end of Land , or continent , which stretcheth it self out into the Landgraviate , a Countrey belonging to Sea. to a Landgrave , which in the Dutch tongue is as much as Count , or Earle of a Province , or piece of Land given by the Emperour . Landlcck't , a term in Navigation , is when a man sees land round about him out of a ship or boat . Landloper , ( Dutch ) a vagabond , that runs up and down the Country . Landskip , see Lantskip . Landto , just so far off at Sea , as a man can see the land . Landturn , the same off the land by night , as a breiz is off the sea by day . Langrel , ( a term in Gunnery ) a loose shot , which when it is put into the piece , flies out at length when it is discharged . Langued , tongued , a term in Blazon or Heraldry , from the French word langue , a tongue . Langid , ( lat . ) weak , faint , languishing . Languour , ( lat . ) a drooping , decaying , languishing . Laniation , ( lat . ) a butchering , or tearing to pieces . Laniferous , ( lat . ) bearing cotton or wool . Lank , ( old word ) slender or weak . Lanner , or Lanneret , a kind of Hawk , called in French Faulcon Lanier . Lantgrave , see Landgrave . Lantskip , Landskip , or Paisage , a description of Land as far as may be seen above the Horison , by hills , valleys , cities , woods , rivers , &c. in a mixt picture which contains both persons , and the description of a Country , or any part of a Country ; the persons are called the Argument , the Landskip the Parergon or By-work . Lanuginous , ( lat . ) covered with Lanuge , which is a soft thin down or cotten-like substance , which groweth upon some kinds of fruit , also that which appeareth upon the chins of young men before they come to have perfect beards . Laoco●● , the son of Priamus and Hecuba , and Priest to Apollo , he was the first that disswaded the Trojans from receiving the great horse into the walls , and strook his Spear so hard against it , that the sound of the armes was heard within ; whereupon it hath been affirmed , that for his despising the gift of Minerva , there came immediately two great Serpents , and first devoured his two children , afterwards himself . Laodamia , the daughter of Bellerophon and Ach●mone , she brought forth Sarpedon King of Lycia to Jupiter , who was inamoured of her ; at length having displeased Diana , the goddesse shot her with her own arrows . Laodicea , a City in Asia the Lesse , which became very wealthy by the great gifts of divers rich Citizens , as Jeronymus , ( who died worth two thousand talents ) Zeno the Orator , and his son Polemo , whom Augustus advanced to be a King. Laodoche , the wife of Protesilaus , she died imbracing the dead body of her husband slain by Hector . Laodocus , the son of Antenor , in his shape Minerva came into the Army of the Trojans , and perswaded Pandarus by shooting at Menelaus to break the league . Laomedon , a King of the Trojans , he was the son of Ilus , and the father of Priamus , to divert a great pestilence which was sent upon the City , because he had defrauded Neptune and Apollo of the wages he had promised them for building the City walls , he was constrained to expose his daughter Hesione to be devoured by a Sea-monster , promising Hercules to give him his horses which were of sacred race , on condition he would undertake to free his daughter , which he having performed , and Laomedon going back from his word , Hercules made war against him , and took the City , slew Laomedon , took Priamus captive , and gave Hesione to Telamon , who was the first man that skalled the walls . Lapicide , ( lat . ) a stone-cutter , a hewer of stones out of the quarry . Lapidary , ( lat . ) one that pollisheth or works in stones , a jeweller . Lapidation , ( lat . ) a stoning or putting to death with stones hurled or slung . Lapidescence , ( lat . ) a waxing hard like stone , or of a stony substance . Lapithae , a people of Thessalie , inhabiting the mountains Pindus and Othrys , they were governed by Pirithous , had great conflicts with the Centaurs , and were the first that invented bridles and saddles . Lappewing , a kind of bird , so called from the often clapping of its wings ; it is also called a Houp , and in French Lapouin . Lappise , is when Greyhounds open their mouths in their course , or Hounds in the liam or string , a term in Hunting . Lapse , ( lat . ) a slip or fall ; It is also when an original Patron departeth from the right of presenting to a void . Benefice , by neglecting to present within 6 moneths unto the ordinary . Laqueary , ( lat . ) the roof of a chamber vaulted . Lara , the name of one of the Nimphs called Naiades , the daughter of the River Almon : she was delivered to Mercury to be carried to Hell for revealing to Juno the love of Jupiter to the Nimph Juturna the sister of Turnus ; but Mercury falling in love with her by the way , lay with her , and begat twins called Lares or House-hold-gods , who are also named Penates . Larboard , a term in Navigation , the left side of a boat or ship . Larcenie , ( from the French word Larrecin , i. theft ) a word used in Common-Law , and is either great larcenie , namely , when the things stollen exceed the value of 12 pence , or petit larcenie , when the things stollen exceed not such a value . The Larch-tree , a tree so called from Larissa , a City of Thessalie where it was first known . It hath leaves like the Pine-tree , and beareth a kind of drug called Agaricum , which is of an exhilarating nature . Lareow , ( Sax. ) a Master . Lares , see Lara . Largesse , ( French ) a free gift bestowed upon any one ; also liberality . Largitional , an officer that oversees the bestowing of gifts . Lari●s , the greatest Lake in Italy , vulgarly called Lago di Como , containing 60 miles from North to South . Larvated , ( lat . ) masqued or visarded for the representing some Gobling or dreadful Spirit . Lascivious , ( lat . ) of a wanton carriage , loose or effoeminate in behaviour . Lask , a disease called in Greek Diarrhaea , causing an immoderate loosenesse of the belly , and cometh from the Latin word Laxitas , i. loosenesse . Lassitude , ( lat . ) an extream wearinesse . Lastage , or Lestage , a custom challenged in Markets or Faires for carrying of things , also the ballast of a ship ; it cometh from the Saxon word Last , which signifieth a certain kind of weight , also a burthen in general . Latebrous , ( lat . ) full of Latebrae , i. dens , or hiding-holes . Latent , ( lat . ) lying hid . Lateral , ( lat . ) belonging to the sides of any thing . Lateranus , a Patrician of Rome , so called because he used to skulk and hide himself , for the taking of his ease and pleasure ; he being designed Consul was slain by the command of Nero , and many Ages after his houses being very large and stately ▪ were given by the Emperour Constantine to the Pope , and ever since it hath been called the Laterane Palace . Latericious , ( lat . ) made of brick or tile . Latible , ( lat . ) a hiding or lurking place . Laticlave ▪ or cloak of the broad nail , a kind of broad purple garment , which used to be a badge of the Senatorian Order : a cloak of the narrow nail was of the Equestrian or Knightly Order . Latifolious , ( lat . ) having broad leaves . Latimer , the name of a Town and Barony in Bucchinghamshire , as also of several great Families in this Nation . This word , according as Cambden observes , signifying as much as Truchman , or Interpreter . Latinity , ( lat . ) an incorrupt speaking or pronouncing of the Latin tongue . Latinus , an ancient King of Italy , the son of Fa●nus and Marita , he married his daughter Lavinia whom he had by Amat● sister of Faunus King of the Rutuli , to Aeneas when he came into Italy ; whereupon Turnus to whom she had formerly been betrothed , waged war against his Rival , and was slain in single combat . Lation , ( lat . ) a bearing or carrying . Latitancy , or Latitation , ( lat . ) a lurking or lying hid . Latitat , the name of a Writ , whereby all men in personal actions are called originally to the Kings Bench , because a man is supposed latitare , i. to lie hid . Latitude ▪ ( lat . ) breadth or widenesse , in Astronomy the latitude of a star is , the Arch of a great Circle made by the Poles of the Ecliptick , intercepted between the star and the Ecliptick . The latitude of a place is the Arch of the Meridian intercepted between the Equinoctial and the Zenith of the place given . Latomy , ( Greek ) a Quarry or place whence they hew out stones for building . Latona ▪ the daughter of Caeus , one of the Titans , she was got with child by Jupiter , which thing so incensed Juno , that she sent the Serpent Pytho to slay her ; whereupon she fled to her sister Asteria , where she was delivered of twins , Apollo and Diana ; but Diana being first brought forth , she immediately served her mother instead of a Midwife , and helped to bring her to bed of her brother Apollo , who as soon as he was come to age , killed the Serpent Pytho ; Apollo and Diana being commonly taken for the Sun and Moon , are called Latonian Lights . Latration , ( lat . ) a barking . Latrie , ( Greek ) Divine-worship or service of God. Latrocination , ( lat . ) a committing of robbery , or hainous theft . Lavacre , ( lat . ) a washing vessel , also a conduit . Lavatory , ( lat . ) the same . Lavatrine , ( lat . ) a square stone in a kitchin with a hole in it for the water to passe through , a sinke . Laudable , ( lat . ) worthy of praise or commendation . Lauds , ( lat . ) commendations or praises , also certain Psalms of David , beginning with these words Laudate dominum , which use to be recited by the Roman Catholicks between the Nocturns and the Howres , which are certain other prayers or psalms so called . Laudanum , or Ladanum , see Labdanum . Lauden , or Lothien , a Country in the south part of Scotland , anciently inhabited by the Picts . Lavedan , an iron-grey Gennet , so called because it is bred on Lavedon , one of the Pyrenean Mountains , whereon the best horses of France are bred . Lavender , a kind of plant , otherwise called spiknard , in Latin Lavendula . Laver , or Ewer , or vessel to wash in , from the Latin word Lavare , i. to wash . Laverd , or Loverd , ( old word ) Lord. Laverna , a certain goddesse worshipped by the ancient Romans , accounted the Patronesse of Theeves , who were thence called Laverniones ; to her they built a Temple called Lavernium , from whence one of the gates of Rome near which it stood , was called Por a Lavernalis . Lavinia , the wife of Aeneas , from whose name the City Lavinium had its denomination . See more in Latinus , and Tyrrheus . Launcelot , a Chirurgians Instrument used in letting blood , otherwise called a Fleam , and in Italian Lancetta ; also a proper name . See Lancelot . Launcepesado , or Lancepresado , ( French ) the lowest officer in a Foot-company , or he that commands over a maniple , which is a Band of 10 souldiers . Laund , or Lawn in a Park , ( Ital. ) plain untilled ground . Lavolta , ( Ital. ) a course held in sailing , also a kind of dance . Laureat , ( lat . ) crowned with Laurel , or the bay-tree , which used to be worn by Conquerours in token of Triumph , also laureated letters , were letters wrapt up in Laurel or Bay-leaves , which the Roman Captains were wont to send unto the Senate , to give them notice of their Victories . This plant is said to be proof against thunder and lig●tning . Laurells , by a figure called Metonymy , is ofttimes used for Triumph or Victory . Cleop. St. Laurence , the name of a famous Martyr , who being a Deacon and Questor of the Roman church , and being commanded by Valerian the Prefect of the City to produce the Treasures of the Church which Sextus committed to his charge , he assembled together the poor , the lame , and the sick , and told the officers those were the Treasures of the Church ; whereupon the Prefect thinking he was deluded , commanded he should be broiled upon a Gridiron , and Laurence as soon as he was almost ready to give up the ghost , said to the Prefect standing by , now turn me on the other side , this is broiled enough . This name is derived from the Latin word Laurus , i. a Laurel or Bay-tree . Acca Laurentia , the wife of Faustulus , Shepherd of Amulius King of the Latins , she took Romulus and Remus ( the grand-children of Numitor , whom his brother Amulius had expelled the Kingdom ) and nursed them up secretly as her own , they being brought to her by her husband Faustulus , who found them sucking of a Wolf at the root of a Fig-tree from thence called Ruminalis , upon the banks of Tyber , into which they had been cast by the command of Amulius . Others say that the story of their being fostered by a Wolf ariseth from hence , namely that this woman from the gain she made by the prostitution of her body , was called Lupa , who dying very rich , had divine honours given her by the people of Rome , and festival dayes kept , which were called Laurentalia ; and from her other name Lupa those houses of intertainment are called Lupanaria . Lauri●erous , ( lat . ) bearing Laurel , or Bays . L●●sus , the son of Numitor , and brother of Rhea Silvia , he was slain by his Uncle Amulius , after his father had been banisht the Kingdom , also the son of Mezentius , King of the Hetrurians , was so called , whom Aeneas slew , as he went about to rescue his father , he was a famous hunter of wilde beasts . Law of Arms , a Law that giveth precepts how rightly to proclaim war , to make and observe leagues , to set upon the enemy , to punish offenders in the camp , &c. Law of Marque , Mart , or reprisal , is that whereby men take the goods of that people of whom they have received wrong , and cannot get ordinary Justice , when ever they can catch them within their own Territories , or limits . Law Merchant , a special Law , proper to Merchants , and differing from the Common-law of England . Law day , a Leet , or County-Court . Lawing of Dogs , see Expeditate . Lawlesse man , the same as out-law . Lawn , see Laund . A Lax , a kinde of fish without ●ones . Laxation , ( lat . ) a loosening , easing , or setting free . Laxity , ( lat . ) loosenesse . Lay , ( French ) a song . Lazaret , ( Ital. ) an Hospital , a spittle for Lazers , or Lepers . Lazarus , ( Hebr. ) Lords help . Lazule , a kinde of Azure , or blewish stone , much used in Physick . L E Leach , ( old word ) a Physitian . A league , a certain proportion of ground in length onely , consisting of about two , or three miles , it is called in Latin Leuco , from the Greek word Leucos , i. e. white , because formerly the end of every league used to be noted with a white stone , whence ad primum aut secundum lapidem ab urbe , at the first , or second stone from the Citie , was as much as to say , one , or two leagues from the Citie . League is also derived from the Latin word Ligare , and signifieth an agreement , Pact , or Covenant . Leafdian , or Hleafdian , ( Sax. ) a Lady . Leam , a line to hold a Dogge in , it is also called a Leash . Leander , a noble youth of Abydos , a Town in Asia , situated upon the shore of the Hellespont , he being in love with Hero , one of Venus Nuns , who dwelt in Sestos , a Town of the opposite bank , used to swim over to her in the night time , which having done several times without danger , at length in his passage over , he was orewhelmed by a storm , and drowned in the Hellespont . Learchus , the son of Athamas , King of Th●bes , and Ino , the daughter of Cadmus , he was slain by his father , who in a raging madnesse , took him for a Lyons whelp , whereupon Ino fled with her other son Melicerta ▪ & both of them cast themselves into the Sea , and were changed into Sea gods , and called by the Greeks Leucothea & Paloemon , by the Latins Matuta & Portumnus . Lease , a word used in Common-law , and signifieth a demising , or letting of Lands , or Tenements , or right of a Rent , unto another for term of years , or of life , or for a Rent reserved , if it be in writing it is called a Lease by indenture , if by word of mouth , a Lease Parole , the party that letteth the Lease , is called the Leassour , the party that taketh it , the Leassee , being derived from the French word Laisser , i. to leave , or permit . Leash , see L●am . Leasungs , or Leasings , ( Sax. ) lies . Leaveret , ( French ) Diminutive , a young Hare . Lecanomancy , ( Greek ) a divining by water in a Bason . Lectern , a kinde of Desk used in Churches . Lectistern , ( lat . ) the setting out , and adorning of a bed for a Compotation , or Banquet , a custome used by the ancients at their solemne feasts , who also used to rear the images of their Gods upon the Pillow 's . Lecturer , or Lectour , ( lat . ) a publick Professour , a Reader of Lectures , i. e. certain portions of an Author , or Science read in the publick Schools . Leda , the wife of Thestius , and the daughter of Tyndarus , King of Laconia , she being got with Childe by Jupiter , ( who to deceive her transformed himself into a Swan ) brought forth two Eggs , out of one of which was born Pollux and Helena , out of the other Castor and Clytemnestra . Ledors , ( French ) reproaches , reviling Terms . Leed , or Lide , an old word , signifying the moneth of March , whence Cow-hides are called Lide pilles . Leeds , a Castle in Kent , which Barth●lomew Lord Baldismer fortified against King Edward the second , who had freely given it him , whereupon he lost his life ; also a place in York-shire , where Oswy King of Northumberland overthrew Penda the Mercian . The Leer of a Deer , a Term among Hunters , the place wherein he lies to dry himself , after he hath been wet by the dew . Leero , see Lyrick . Leet , ( Sax. ) a Law-day whence Court Leet , is a Court , or Jurisdiction , containing the third part of a S●ire , and comprehending three , or four wapen-takes , or hundreds , the Leets were called by the Romans Fasti , wherein the Praet●r might lawfully keep Court , and administer Justice , which was not done without the speaking of these three words , Do , Di●o , Addico , i. e. I give , viz. way to actions and suites . I speak , viz. the Law. I Judge , viz. matters and men . Legality , ( lat . ) lawfulnesse , an observing of the Law. Legatary , ( lat . ) one to whom a Legacy is bequeathed . Legation , ( lat . ) the sending of a message , or embassage . Legate , ( lat . ) an Oratour , or Ambassadour to any Prince . Legend , or Legendary , ( French ) the Title of a book , containing the lives of the Saints ; also words graven about the edge of a piece of Coyn. Legeolium , the ancient name of a Town in York-shire , vulgarly called Castleford , where in old times the Citizens of York slew many of King Ethelreds army . Legerdemain , ( French as it were , light of hand ) cousenage , or jugling tricks . Legion , ( lat . ) a Company of Souldiers , among the ancient Romans , consisting of three , or four thousand foot , and three , or four hundred horse , afterwards being increased to six thousand foot , and six hundred horse , every ordinary foot Legion consisting of ten Cohorts , every Cohort of three Maniples , every Maniple of two Centuries , & each Century of a 100 men , likewise every horse Legion contained six Turmae , or Troupes , every Troup ten Decuries , and every Dec●ry ten men ; also there are in every Legion four Orders of Souldiers , the Triari● , the Principes , the Hastati , or Spearmen , the Velites , or light-armed . Legionary , ( lat . ) belonging to a Legion . Legislative , ( lat . ) having authority to make , or give Laws . Legislatour , ( lat . ) a Law-giver . Legist , ( lat . ) a Lawyer . Legitimate , ( lat . ) lawfull , done according to Law and right . Leguminous , ( lat . ) belonging to pulse . Leicester , the chief Citie of Leicestershire , called also Legeocester , Leogora , and Leg●cestria , this Citie was besieged by King Henry the third , ( when Earle Robert rebelled against him ) and the Wall round about it utterly demolish't . Leinster , a Province in Ireland , containing these following Counties , Kilkenny , Caerbogh , Queens County , Kings County , Kildare , Weshford , Dublin . Leman , a Concubine , or Catamite , ( Pullus Jovis Latin ) some say it comes from the French word L● mignon , or Leyman , as it were ly by man. Lemannus , the Lake Leman , upon which stands the Citie of Geneva . Lemnos , an Island in the Aegean Sea , famous for the fall of Vulcan , who by reason of his deformity , being thrown down from heaven , as soon as he was born , hapned to light in this place , whence he was called the Lemnian God , this Island was originally known by the name of Hipsipylaea , from a daughter of Thoas of that name , who was Queen thereof . Lemster , a Town of Herefordshire , so called q. Leonminster , from a Lyon that appeared to a certain religious man as some have fabled , others more probably derive it from a Church of Nuns built by Merwalck , a King of the ●ercians ; for those which we call Nuns , the ancient Brittains termed Leans , some there are that derive it from Line , whereof the best sort groweth there , this Town is now adayes very famous for Wool , which is called Lemster Ore ; it was defaced by W. de Breosa , Lord of Brecknock , when he revolted from King John. Lemures , ( lat . ) certain spirits , or apparitions , vulgarly called Hobgoblins . Lenity , ( lat . ) mildnesse , softnesse , gentlenesse . Lenitive , or Lenient , ( lat . ) softning , of an asswaging or pacifying power . Lenitude , ( lat . ) the same as Lenity . Lennox , a County in the south part of Scotland , so called from the River Levin , which Ptolomy calleth Letanonius . Lenonian , ( lat . ) belonging to a Pander or Band. Lentigenous , ( lat . ) belonging to Lentills which are a kind of round and flat pulse growing in hot Countries , also full of little pimples or freckles resembling Lentills . Lentisk , ( lat . ) a kind of tree called the Mastick-tree , from which there is taken a Gum of very great vertue . Lentitude , ( lat . ) slacknesse , slownesse , or negligence . Lentour , ( lat . ) stiffnesse , or clammynesse . Lent-season , ( in Lat. Quadragesima ) a Fast of fourty dayes , instituted by the Church , and first appointed to be kept in England by Ercombert a King of Kent . It comes from the Dutch word Lente , i. Spring , because it ever happens to be about the beginning of the Spring time , or as others say , from length , because about this time the dayes begin to lengthen . Leo , the name of several Roman Emperours reigning at Constantinople ; also the name of several Popes of Rome , also one of the 12 Signes . Leocorion , a Monument erected by the Athenians , in honour of Leo the son of Orpheus , who when no body else would permit their daughters to be sacrificed to the gods to divert a great pestilence which then raged in the City , willingly consented to the offering up of his three daughters , Pasithea , Theope , and Eubule . Leodegar , or Leger , a German proper name , signifying a gatherer of the people . Leodium , a famous City of Germany , anciently called Ebur num Augusta , and is said to have been built by Ambioriges , a King of Germany , who also called it Legia , from the cutting off of a Roman Legion in a valley near unto it ; at this day it is named Luttich or Leige . Leofstan , i. most beloved , a Saxon name Leofwin , i. Winlove . Leoh , ( Sax. ) light . Leonard , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch popular disposition as Lipsius will have it ; but as others say , Lion-like disposition , answering to the Greek name Thymoleon . Leonidas , a famous Captain and King of the Lacedemonians , who defending the Streights of Thermopylae against the whole Army of Xerxes , was himself slain , together with all his men . Leonine , ( lat . ) belonging to , or like a Lion. Leopard , or Libberd , a certain African beast , otherwise called a Panther : this beast is all over full of streakes or little spots , and is begotten between a Pard and a Lionesse . Leopold , q. Leodpold , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch Defender of the people , being in imitation of the Greek names Demochares , i. gracious to the people , and Demophilus , i. a lover of the people , and Laodamus , i. tamer of the people : the chief of this name was Leopoldus Arch-Duke of Austria . Leorning ●night , ( Sax. ) a disciple or scholar . Lepid , ( lat . ) neat , jocund , pleasant in speech , or behaviour . Leporine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Hare . Leprosie , ( Greek ) a kind of disease which causeth a white scurfe to run all over the body ; it is also termed Elephantiasis , from the roughnesse of an Elephants skin , which it resembleth . Lerna , a Lake near the City of Argos , where the Serpent Hydra was slain by Hercules . Lesbos , an Island in the Aegaean Sea , which in old time obtained the Empire of all Troas . It is now called Metelin , from the chief City thereof Mitylene , the rest were Er●ssos , Ant●ssa , Portus , Methymna . Lesinage , ( Ital ) thriftinesse , sparingnesse , good husbandry , from Lesina which signifieth a Coblers aule . Lesion , or Laesion , ( lat . ) a hurting or endamaging . Lessee and L●ss●r , see Lease . L●sses , the dung of a Boare . Lessian diet , a moderate temperate diet , from Lessius a famous modern Physitian , who wrote divers rules for the keeping of an exact and temperate diet . Lestage , see Lastage . Lestrigones , or Lae●trigones , a certain barbarous people , and of a vast Giant-like stature , that anciently inhabited Formiae a City of Campania , and were said to live upon Human flesh , their King Antiphates oppos'd Vlisses with all his might when he landed on that coast , and tore one of his companions in pieces with his teeth . Letanie , ( Greek ) the Book of Divine-service used in Churches , from Liteuo , or Lissomai , i. to pray and supplicate . Lethality , ( lat . ) deadlinesse or mortality . Lethargick , ( Greek ) sick of a Lethargy , i. e. a disease which causeth an excessive drousinesse and sleepinesse . Lethean , ( lat . ) forgetful , from Lethe a River of Hell , which the Poets feign to be of that nature that the water of it being drunk , causeth oblivion or forgetfulnesse . Lethiferous , ( lat . ) bringing death , deadly . Letifical , or Laetifical , ( lat . ) making glad or joyful . Letter missive , ( lat . ) an Epistle or Letter sent from one party to another , from the Latin word Mittere , i. to send . Letters of Atturney , writings whereby an Atturney or any friend made choice of for that purpose , is appointed to do a lawful act in anothers stead , from which warrants of Atturny differ in this , that besides being sealed and delivered before sufficient witnesse , they must also be acknowledged before a Justice or Serjeant . Letters of Mart , or Marque , are Letters which authorize any one to take by force of armes those goods which are due by the Law of Marque . See Law of Marque . Letters Patents , are writings sealed open with the Broad-Seal of England , whereby a man is authorized to do or injoy any thing which of himself he could not , from the Latin word patere , i. to lie open . Lettice , a Christian name of severall women , from the Latin Laetitia , i. joyfulnesse , mirth . Lettice , a kind of plant called in Latin Lactuca , because in women that eat of it , it breedeth milk . Levament , or Levation , ( lat . ) an enlightning , easing , comforting , also a lifting up or causing to rise . Levant and Couchant , ( French ) terms used in Common Law , when the beasts or cattel of a stranger come into another mans ground , and there have remained a good space , i. rising and lying down . Levant is also taken for the Eastern Countries . Levari facias , the name of a Writ directed to the Sheriff , for the levying of a sum of money upon the lands of him that hath forfeited his Recognisance . Leucophlegmatick , ( Greek ) troubled with a disease called Leucophlegmaty , i. a Dropsie caused by the abounding of white flegme . Leucothea , see Ino. Leucothoe , the daughter of Orchamus King of the Babylonians , with whom Apollo being in love , transformed himself into the shape of Eurynome her mother , & pretending private businesse with her , he re-assumed his former shape , and won her by fair speeches to consent to his desires ; whereupon Clytia , who was in love with Apollo , growing extreamly envious , declared the whole businesse to Orchamus , who in a great fury caused his daughter to be buried alive , whose death Apollo grieving at , transformed her into the Frankincense-tree , and Clytia seeing her self contemned of Apollo , pined her self away , and was turned into a Marygold . Leuctra , a Town in Boeotia , where the Thebans under Epaminondas gave the Lacedemonians so total an overthrow , that they could never after recover themselves . Level-Coil , ( French ) is , when he that hath lost the game sits out , and gives another his place , as it were lever le cul , i. to lift up or remove the buttock ; it is also called Hitchbuttock . Levie , ( French ) signifieth in Common Law , to erect or sit up , also to tax or gather money . Leviathan , an Hebrew word , signifying a Whale , or as some think a water-serpent of a vast bignesse . Levigation , or Laevigation , ( lat . ) a making plain or smooth . Levitical , belonging to the Tribe of Levi , or to the Priestly office , which in the time of the Law , was the peculiar inheritance of that Tribe . Levity , ( lat . ) lightnesse . Lewis , the chief Town of Sussex , famous for the great pitcht battle fought between King Henry the third , and the Barons of England . Lewis , the proper name of a man , contracted from L●dowic . Lewlin , or Lewellin , the proper name of a man , signifying in the old Brittish tongue Lion●like , and is equivalent to the Latin name Leontius , and Leoninus . Lexicon , ( Greek ) a Vocabulary , or Dictionary . Lex talionis , ( lat . ) a law which recompenceth exactly one good or ill turn for another . Leyerwit , Lotherwit , ( Sax. ) a liberty to take amends of him that defileth ones bondwoman without licence . L H Lhan , in the Brittish tongue , signifieth a Church , as Lhan Badern Vaur , the Church of great Patern ; Lhan Stuphadon , the Church of St. Stephens . L I Libation , or Libament , ( lat . ) an offering up or sacrificing to God the first taste of any thing that is eat or drunk . Libb , ( old word ) to geld , from the Greek word thlibein , i. to presse . Libell , ( lat . ) a little book , also a scandalous or invective writing , secretly cast abroad or published by stealth ; also an original declaration of any action in the Civil Law. Liberate , the name of a warrant issuing out of the Chancery , to the Treasurer , Chamberlaines , and Barons of the Exchequer , for the payment of any annual pension , or other sums granted under the Broad-Seal . Liberation , ( lat . ) a freeing , or delivering . Liber Pater , a name attributed to Bacchus the god of wine . Libertas , ( lat . ) a priviledge held by grant or prescription , whereby men injoy some benefit or favour beyond the ordinary subject , also the name of a goddesse among the ancient Romans , who had a Temple built unto her upon the hill Aventinus . Libertatibus allocandis , a Writ that lieth for a Citizen or Burgesse of a City , who refusing or deferring to allow his priviledge , is impleaded before the Kings Justices . Libertinism ( lat . ) the state and condition of a Libertine , i. e. one born or made free , a freeman ; also Libertinism , or Libertinage , is taken for sensuality , licentiousnesse , a dissolute life and conversation . Libethra , a Town seated upon the mountain Olympus , of which it was foretold by the Oracle , that all the inhabitants should be destroyed by a Sow , when the Sun should behold Orpheus his bones , which was thus verified ; A great multitude of people being gathered together to hear a Shepherd sing in the way which leadeth from Dion to Olympus , a large Urn containing Orpheus his bones , which stood in that place , was overturned and his bones laid open to view , and the very same day , a great violent stream called Sys ( which in Greek signifieth a Sow ) overflowing , destroyed the whole Town with all the people in it . Libethra is also the name of a Fountain of Magnesia , sacred to the Muses who are thence called Libethrides . Libidinous , ( lat . ) sensual , incontinent , full of lustful desires . Libitina , an ancient goddesse worshipt by the Romans , who was the Patronesse of Funerals , Sepulchres , and all things belonging to the dead . Libral , ( lat . ) belonging to a weight or measure called Libra , which is also the name of one of the 12 Signs of the Zodiack into which the Sun entring , causeth the vernal Equinoctial . Library , ( lat . ) a studdy , or place where Books are kept . Libration , ( lat . ) a weighing , or ballancing . Librata terrae , see Farding deale of land . Libya , the fourth part of the World , commonly called Africa . Licence to arise , in Common Law , is a liberty given by the Court to a tenant that is essoynd de malo lecti in a reall action , after he hath been viewed by Knights thereunto appointed , until which time , if the Demandant can prove that he hath been seen out of his chamber , or walking up and down his grounds , he shall be adjudged to be deceitfully essoyned . Licentiate , ( lat . ) one that hath full licence or authority to practice in any Art ; the same with him that we commonly call Bachelour of Divinity , or of Physick , or of Civil Law , and in Common Law a Barrister . Licentious , ( lat . ) loose , disorderly , unruly . Lichas , a boy that waited upon Hercules , by him Deianira sent the shirt ●hat was dipt in the Centaurs blood , which Hercules having put on , and perceiving the venome to seize upon his body , he in a fury took Lichas by the hair of the head and flung him into the Sea , where he was immediately changed into a Rock . Lichfield , a Town in Staffordshire , by Bede called Licidfield , i. the field of dead bodies , from a great number of people , who as some say were martyred here in the time of Dioclesian . Lich-fowles , ominous , or ill-boding birds , as the Night-raven , and Lich-owle , commonly called the Scritch-owle , the word Lich , signifying in the Saxon language a Carcase , or dead body . Licitation , ( lat . ) a cheapning , a setting out to sale , also an enhauncing of a price . Licite , ( lat . ) lawfull , allowable . Lictorian , ( lat . ) belonging to the Lictors , who were certain Officers among the ancient Romans twelve in number , who carried the Axes and bundles of rods before the Magistrate , they are now taken for the same as we commonly call Sergeants . Liddesdale , a Countrey in the South part of Scotland , so called as it were a dale by the River Lidde . Lide , see Leed . Lieftenant , ( French ) as it were holding the place , one that executeth any place , Office , or imployment in anothers stead , or absence . Lief , or Leof , ( Sax. ) rather . Lief-hebber , ( Sax. ) a Lover . Liege , ( French ) in Common-law is taken ●ither for the Liegelord , or he that acknowledgeth Liegeancie , or Fealty to his Liege Lord. Liegeancie , or Ligeance , ( French ) such a duty , or fealty as no man may owe , or bear to more then one Lord , also Ligeance is used for the Territory , or Dominions of the Liege Lord. Lierwit , see Leyerwit . Lifts , in Navigation , are certain ropes , which serve to top the yard arms of all yards to make the ends of them hang higher , or lower , or even as we li●t . Ligament , or Ligature , ( lat . ) a band , or string to tie with ; in Anatomy it is taken for the string wherewith the joynts of bones and gristles are fastned and knit together . Ligation , ( lat . ) the act it self of tying , or binding . Ligne , ( French ) to couple as Dogs with bitches . Lignation , ( lat . ) a providing for , or going to fetch wood . Lignean , or Ligneous , ( lat . ) woodden , made of wood . Lignum vitae , the wood , commonly called Aloes , by the Arabians Calambuco . Liguria , a hilly Countrey of Italy , reaching from the Ap●nnine to the Tuscan Sea. Ligurion , ( lat . ) a glutton , or devourer . Liguration , ( lat . ) a ravenous devouring . Lilie , ( lat . ) a kinde of specious flowr , otherwise the rose of Juno . Lilith , the name of a certain she Devil which the Jews imagined to be a destroyer of children . Lilybaeum , a Promontory in Sicily , having a Town of the same name upon it . Limaceous , ( lat . ) belonging unto , or like a Snail , slimy . Limation , ( lat . ) a filing , or pollishing . Limbers , or Limber-holes , ( a Term in Navigation ) certain little square holes cut in the bottome of the ground Timbers , and hooks next to the Keel to let water passe to the well of the Pump . Limbus Patrum , ( lat . ) a place where the Saints deceased are said to reside untill the day of Judgement , being as it were the skirts , or confines of Hell. Lim●narch , ( Greek ) the Governour of a Port. Limitation , ( lat . ) a stinting , or setting of bounds . Limitation of Assise , is a certain time set down by Statute , within which a man must alleage himself , or his Ancestours to have been seised of Lands sued for by a Writ of Assize . Limning , a kinde of Painting , which is done in water colours , and also differs from the other sort of painting in the preparing of the colours . Lim●sity , ( lat . ) muddinesse , fulnesse of mud . Limpid , ( lat . ) pure , clear , transparent . A Limpin , a kinde of fish , otherwise called a muscle . Linament , ( lat . ) linnen thread , also a tent , or lint for a wound . Lincoln , the chief Citie of Lincolnshire , anciently called Lindum , and by the Brittains Lindecoit , by Bede Lindecollina civitas , from the old Brittish L●in , as Cambden is of opinion , which signifieth a Lake , it being situate near a Lake , and upon a hill , in this Citie Vortimer , the scourge of the Saxons ended his dayes . Lincoln Colledge , a Colledge in Oxford , founded by Richard Fleming , Bishop of Lincoln . Lindsey , see Holland . Lincolns Inne , one of the Inns of Court , heretofore the house of Sir Henry Lacy Earle of Lincoln , now a place for Students of the Law. Lineament , ( lat . ) the feature , or proportion of any thing drawn out onely in lines . Linear , ( lat . ) belonging to a line . Ling , a kinde of small shrub , otherwise called Heath , in Latin Erix . Lingel , a little tongue , or thong . Lingot , see Ingot . Linguacity , ( lat . ) a being full of tongue , or much given to talk . Linguist , one that is skilfull in tongues , or languages . Linigerous , ( lat . ) bearing Flax , or Hemp. Liniment , ( lat . ) an oynting , or daubbing over . Linsie-woolsey , a kinde of mixt cloath , part linnen , part woollen . Lintels , ( French ) the head pieces over a door , also the same as Lentils , i. a kinde of pulse . Linus , the son of Apollo , and Psammas , the daughter of Crotopus , King of Argos , by whom Apollo being intertained as he came from slaying the Serpent Pytho , lay privately with Psammas , who proving with Childe brought forth Linus , who having committed some offence , and hiding himself among certain bushes , was found out and torn in pieces by the Dogs , also the son of Apollo and Terpsich●re , one of the nine Muses , he proved a very famous Musitian , taught Thamyras , Orpheus , and Hercules , by whom , as some say , he was knockt on the head , because he laught at him for playing unhandsomely . Linx , ( lat . ) a kinde of spotted beast , otherwise called an Ounce . Lionel , the proper name of a man , in Latin Leonellus , i. little Lyon. Lions paw , a kinde of Herb , called in Greek Leontopodium . Lipothymie , ( Greek ) a distemper , which causeth a fainting , or swouning by reason of sudden decay , or oppression of the vital spirits . Lippitude , ( lat . ) a waterishnesse of the eyes , a looking bloud-shot , or blear-eyed . Liptote , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , wherein more is understood then is express't . Liquation , or Liquefaction , ( lat . ) a melting , dissolving , or making Liquid , i. moist or of a watery substance . Liquids , ( lat . ) are those four Consonants , which do as it were melt in the pronunciation , namely L. M.N.R ▪ the rest are called mutes . Liquidation , ( lat . ) a making moist . Lisard , or Lizard , ( French , from the Latin Lacerta ) a certain beast , so called because it hath feet like the brawne , or sinews of a mans arms , or thighs , also the Lizard point , the utmost Southwest point of Cornwall . Litanie , see Letanie . Litation , ( lat . ) a sacrificing . Literature , ( lat . ) knowledge in letters , learning . Lithargie , or Litargie , ( Greek ) the foam that riseth from silver , or lead , when they are tried . Lither , ( old word ) lazy , or sluggish . Lithoglyphick , ( Greek ) a graver , or cutter in stones . Lithomancie , ( lat . ) a Divination , the casting of pebble stones . Lithotomie , ( Greek ) a cutting of stones , a quarry whence stones are digged . Litigation , ( lat . ) a contending , or wrangling . Litigious , ( lat . ) full of strife , contentious . Litispendence , ( lat . ) the hanging of a suit , till it be decided . L●tmose blue , a kinde of blue colour , used in painting and limning . Litoral , or Litorean , ( lat . ) belonging to the shor● sea-side , or side of a river . Liturgie , ( Greek ) signifieth in general any publick Office , but particularly Divine service , or the function of a Minister . Liverie , ( French ) the Cognizance , device , or badge , which a Noble-man , or Gentleman gives to his servants and followers , also Livery of seisin is a Ceremony used in Common-law , being a delivery of possession of Lands , or Tenements , or other things unto another , also a Writ , which lieth for the Heir to obtain the possession , and seizin of his Lands at the Kings hands . Lividity , or Livor , ( lat . ) a kinde of leaden or dead blewish colour in the body , caused by a stroke ar blow given ; also metaphorically taken for spite or envy . Lixiviated , ( lat . ) washed with lye made of ashes . Lizard , see Lisard . L O Loach , or Lohoch , ( French ) a kind of Confection or Electuary that is to be licked , or suffered to melt in the mouth without chewing ; it is an Arabick word , and signifieth in the Latin Linctus , i. a licking . Lobbe , or Lobling , a kind of great north Sea-fish . Local , in Common Law , is as much as tied or annexed to a place . Location , ( lat . ) a placing , or setting in place , also a letting out to hire . Lockers , little cupbords which are made by the ships sides , to put in shot , by the pieces . Lococessi●n , ( lat . ) a yeilding or giving place . Locomotion , ( lat . ) a moving out of a place , or from place to place . Locrians , or Locri , a people of Locris in Greece inhabiting on either side of the Hill Parnassus . Locris is also a City of that part of Italy called Magna Graecia , built by those Locrians that followed Ajax Oileus to Troy. Loculament , ( lat . ) a little place distinct , or apart by it self . Locuplete , ( lat . ) abounding with riches , wealthy . Locust , ( lat . ) a kind of winged Insect , commonly taken for a Grasshopper ; but others think it to be the same with that which the Frenchmen call Cigale . Locution , ( lat . ) a speaking or saying . Lodemanage , the hire of a Pilot for conducting of a ship from one place to another , from the Dutch word loot , i. lead . Lodesman , a Guide or Pilot , from the same word loot ; whence he is also called Lootsman . Lodestar , the Cynosure or North-Star which guideth Mariners . Lodestone , as it were a leading-stone , because by it Mariners are guided and directed in their voyages : It is of a rusty-iron colour , and hath the vertue to attract or draw iron to it , whereby many admirable secrets are performed . Lodeworkes and Stremeworks , certain workes in the Stannery in Cornwall ; these are performed in the higher grounds by ▪ making deep wells which they call shafts , those in the lower grounds by digging of trenches and diverting the course of the Rivers . Lodge , a Buck is by the Forresters said to lodge , when he goes to his rest . Log , the name of an Hebrew measure , and thought by some to be of the same quantity with Sextarius A●ticus . Logarithmes , ( Greek ) are certain borrowed numbers which differ among themselves by Arithmetical proportion as the numbers which borrow them differ by Geometrical proportion . Log-line , a term in Navigation , being a small line with a little piece of board at the end , with a little lead to it , to keep it edge-long in the water , the use of which is , by seeing how many fathom this runs in a minute , to give a judgement how many leagues the ship will run in a watch . Logician , ( Greek ) one that hath skill in Logick , i. the art of disputing probably in any argument . Logist , ( Greek ) one skilled in the Logistick Art , i. the Art of reckoning or casting account ; also Logists were certain Officers among the Athenians ten in number , to whom all such as had ended their Magistracy gave an account within 30 dayes of all those affairs whereof they had had the administration , they also kept an account of the monies , and of all matters belonging to the publick Revenue . Logographers , ( Greek ) those that write pleas in the Law , or books of account , Lawyers Clerks . Logomachy , ( Greek ) a verbal strife , a contention in words . Lohoch , see Loach . Lollards , a Sect of Hereticks that abounded here in England in the dayes of Edward the third , and Henry the fifth ; so called from one Gualter Lollard a German the first Author of them : or as others say , from lolium , because they were accounted as darnel or cockle growing among wheat . Lombard , or Lombar , a Bank for usury or pawns , from the Longobardi , or Lombards , a people inhabiting the hithermost part of Italy , formerly called Insubria , much addicted to usury , whence ofttimes Usurers are called Lombardeers . Lome , ( old word ) clay or mortar . London , the chief City of England , situate in Middlesex , so called as Cambden conjectureth , either from Lhun ( which in the Brittish tongue signifieth a Grove ) or Lhong , ( i. a ship ) and Dinas , i. a City , so that it may seem to have been anciently termed Lhundinas , i. a City thick of trees , or Lhongdinas , i. a City of Ships , from whence the Latins derive the word Londinum . It was called Augusta , and Troja Nova , being first founded by Brutus , who sprang of the Trojan race , and repaired by King Lud , and thence called Caerlud , or Luds-town . Longaevity , ( lat ) length of age , long life . Longanimity , ( lat . ) as it were length of mind , long-suffering , patience , forbearance . Longinquity , ( lat ) far distance , or length of place . Longitude , ( lat . ) the length of any thing , also the Longitude of a Region , City , or Cape , is the distance of it East , numbred in the Equinoctial by Meridians , from the first general and fixed Meridian . The Longitude of a star , is the arch of the Ecliptick intercepted between the beginning of Aries , and the circle of the stars Latitude . Long-Meg , the name of a stone 15 foot high , erected near Salkeld in Cumberland , next which are 77 more erected in a circular manner , which the country people call the Daughters of Long-Meg . Long-primer , one of the sorts of Characters used by Printers . The Loof , of a Ship , is that part aloft of a Ship , that lies before the ches-trees , as far as the bulk-head of the castle . A Ship Loomes a great or a small sail , a term used in Navigation , and signifieth as much as a Ship seems a great or a little Ship. Lootsman , see Lodesman . Loover , a place made open ( to let out the smoak ) on the top of a house , from the French word l'overt , open . Lopum , a great Desart in the Country of Bactria , in which it is reported that certain evil spirits do abide , by which strangers that passe that way being called by their names , and following the voice , perish miserably . Loquacity , ( lat . ) talkativenesse , or a being given to much babling . Loquabre , a Country in the North part of Scotland , so called , q. the mouth of the Lake . Lorament , ( lat . ) that which is composed of thongs of leather . Loray-law , an article found in the memorials of the chamber of account in France , which ordaineth , that if a combat be once accepted , and afterwards taken up , by consent of the Lord of the Fee , each of the parties is to pay two shillings six pence , but if it be performed , the party vanquisht forfeits 112 shillings . Lordane , or Lourdane , a dull heavy fellow , a lazy lubber , it being a proverbial word taken from the tyranny of the Danes over the English , who were forced to labour and till the ground for them , while they sate idle and ate the fruits of their labours . Lore , ( Sax. ) learning or skill . Loricated , ( lat ) armed with mail . Lorimers , ( French ) the name of a Trade and Company in London , that makes bits , spurs , and all kind of small iron-work , and is by some derived from the Latin word Lorum . Loriot , ( French ) a Bird called a Witwall , Woodpecker , or Greenfinch . Lorn , the name of a County in the south part of Scotland . Lorty's , a great and ancient Family of Sommersetshire , stiled in Latin records , de Vrtiaco . Losenger , a flatterer , a word used by Chaucer . Lotharius , the son of Ludovicus Pius , Emperour of Germany , and King of France , he succeeded his father in the Empire ; but his brothers Charles and Lodowic , not contented with their portions , and raising an army against their brother , a great battle was fought at Fontenay , in the borders of France , where Lotharius was put to flight , but at last they came to an agreement , and Lotharius after he had reigned about 15 years betook himself to the Prumiensian Monastery . There were also several Kings of France and Dukes of Lorrain of his name . Lothbrook , ( i. Leatherbreech ) a certain Dane , whose daughters were so skilful at needle-work , that the Danes bare in their Ensign a Raven of their working , with such an opinion of good successe , that they imagined it would never be won . Lotherwit , see Leyerwit . Lotion , ( lat . ) a washing or cleansing with water , also in Physick it is used for the taking away of any superfluous quality out of any medicament , or the bringing on of a new one . Lotis , or Lotus , the daughter of Neptune , she fleeing from Priapus ( who made an attempt upon her chastity ) and invoking the help of the gods , was turned into the Lote-tree . Lotophagi , a certain people of Africa , dwelling near the Syrtes , so called because they feed much upon the Lote-tree , which is a tree of that nature , that when the companions of Vlisses being cast upon the coast of Africa had tasted of the fruit of it , they could hardly be got from thence to return into their own Country , whence the word is proverbially used for those that are forgetful of their Parents , Country and Kindred . Lovell's , an ancient Family in Northamptonshire , stiled in Latin records , de Lupello . Loverd , or Laverd , ( old word ) a Lord. Lourdain , see Lordane . Louvre , a stately Palace in Paris , and the chief seat of the Kings of France , built by Francis the first , and augmented with a long stately Gallery by Henry the fourth . Lowbell , as it were loud bell , a certain bell hung about the neck of a weather . Lozenge , a little square cake made of preserved herbs , in the form of a Rhomb or a quarrel of Glasse . L U Lua , a certain goddesse among the ancient Romans , she was the goddesse of all lustrations and purging from sin . Lubricity , ( lat . ) slipperinesse . Lucernes , a kind of rich Fur , taken from a beast of the same name , breeding in Russia and those Northerly Countries . Lucia , a Christian name of divers women , signifying in Latin Lightsome . Lucida Laucis , a Star in 9 degrees 45 minutes of Scorpio . Lucidity , ( lat . ) brightnesse , shiningnesse . Lucifer , ( lat . ) as it were lightbearing , the morning Star called in Greek Phosphorus . Lucina , a name attributed to Juno , as she is the Patronesse of Childbirth , or as some say to Diana or the Moon . Lucius , the praenomen of divers famous men among the Romans ; as Lucius Sylla , Lucius Antonius Commodus the Emperour , Lucius Septimius Severus , and many others . The first of this name is likely to have been so called from being born in the dawn or first shining of the day . Lucre , ( lat . ) gain or profit , whence Lucration a gaining or winning . Lucretia , the daughter of Lucretius Tricipitinus Prefect of Rome , and the wife of Tarquinius Collatinus , she being ravisht by Sextus the son of Tarquinius Superbus King of the Romans , slew her self , which was the cause of banishing both Tarquin and Kingly Government from Rome which was afterwards ruled by Consuls chosen anew every year , and this act of Lucretia hath ever since been so famed , that every chast woman is proverbially called a Lucrece . Luctation , ( lat . ) a striving or wrestling . Luctatius Catulus , a famous Captain of the Romans , who with 300 ships overcame 600 of the Carthaginians , and made an end of the war. Lucubration , ( lat . ) a studying or working by candle-light . Luculency , ( lat . ) clearnesse , brightness , fulnesse of light . Lucullus , a famous Roman , being a man of great eloquence , and ingenuity , he having been successeful in the wars against Mithridates , heaped up a mighty masse of riches , after the war was ended , gave himself up wholy to ease and delicacy , living in more state and splendor than any of that Age , besides afterwards beginning to grow mad , he was given in charge to his brother Marcus. Ludibrious , ( lat . ) shameful , or reproachful . Ludicrous , ( lat . ) belonging to sport , recreation , or mockery . Ludification , ( lat . ) a mocking or deceiving . Ludlow , a Town in Shropshire , in Old times called Dinan , afterwards Lystwysoc , i. the Princes Palace , it hath a fair Castle built by Roger Montgomery , which was besieged by King Stephen , who valiantly rescued Henry son to the King of Scots , who was about to have been pulled into the Castle with an iron hook . Ludovicus Pius , the son of Charles the Great ( who was created Emperour by Pope Leo ) he succeeded his father in the Empire and Kingdom of France , also Ludovicus hath been the name of several other Emperours and Kings of France , this name according to Helmoldus Nigellus is deriv'd from the Dutch words Hludo Wiggh , i. e. famous Warrier . Lugdunum , the chief Citie of Gallia Celtica , vulgarly called Lyons , built by Munatius Plancus , a Roman Governour . Lugubrous , ( lat . ) mournfull , heavy , sorrowfull . Luition , ( lat . ) a making satisfaction for any offence , also a paying a ransome ▪ Luke , ( Hebr. ) rising , or lifting up . Lumbar , see Lombar . Luminaries , ( in Lat. Luminaria ) lights , lamps , also conspicuous stars , as the sun and moon , also the feast of Christs Nativity , commonly called Christmas , was by the ancient Western Church , called Luminaria . Luminous , ( lat . ) full of light . Lunaeburgum , a great Citie of Germany , built by Julius Caesar , vulgarly called Lunemburgh . Lunar , belonging to the Planet of the Moon , called in Latin Luna . Lunatick , ( lat . ) troubled with a Lunacy , i. a kinde of madnesse , which happens at certain times of the Moon . Lunes for Hawks , leashes , or long lines to call them . Lungis , ( French ) a tall slim man that hath no making to his heighth . Lupercal , a place about Rome , where anciently certain feasts were celebrated to Pan , which were called Lupercalia , from Lupa a she-wolf , which gave Romulus suck , or as some say , a Harlot of that name which nursed him . Lupines , ( lat . ) a kind of little flat round pulse , almost like a small bean . Lurcation , ( lat . ) a greedy eating , or playing the glutton , derived originally from Lura , a great leathern bottle . Lure for Hawks , a certain leathern device , whereby with a little piece of flesh , they call a Hawk from a good distance off , it comes from the Dutch word Laeden , i. e. to invite . Lurid , ( lat . ) pale , wan , of a sallow colour . Luscitation , ( lat . ) a being dim-sighted , or pore-blind . Lushborough , a base Coyn brought over from beyond Sea , in the dayes of King Edward the third . † Lusion , ( lat . ) a playing , or gaming . Lusitania , the third part of Spain , according to the ancient division ; it is now called Portugal , and is a Kingdom by it self . A Lusk , a slug , or sloathfull fellow , from the French word lasche . Lust of a ship , a Term in Navigation , when a ship out of her own mold , and making hath an inclination more to one side then another . Lustration , ( lat . ) a going about , also a purging by sacrifice . Lustre , ( French ) a shining , also from the Latin word lustrum , it signifieth a Den of wilde beasts , also the space of five years , by which space the Romans were wont to compute the time . Lutheranisme , the doctrine and judgement of Martin Luther , who being first a Monk of the Order of St. Augustin forsook the Church of Rome , and writ against the errors of it . Luteous , ( lat . ) muddy , or of a muddy colour . Lutulent , ( lat . ) miry , or dirty . Lutzenburgum , or Lutzenburgh , a Dutchy in the low Countreys , adjoining to Leige and Namur , being one of the 17 Provinces , and having a chief Citie of the same name . Luxation , ( lat . ) a putting out of joynt , a making loose . Luxuriant , or Luxurious ( lat . ) riotous , given to excesse , or debauchery . L Y Lycanthropy , ( Greek ) a kinde of melancoly , or phrenzy , which causeth those that are po●sest therewith to think themselves turned into Wolves , and to fly the company of men . Ly●aon , the son of Pelasgus , and King of Arcadia , who when Jupiter came into Arcadia in the likenesse of a mortal man , resolved to try whether he were a God , or no , as men reported him to be , and killing one of those , whom the King of the Molossi had left with him for pledges , he caused him to be dressed , and part rosted , to be set before Jupiter , whereat he being highly provoked turned Lycaon into a Wolf , and burnt his Pallace with Thunder , others say it was for sprinkling with the bloud of an Infant , an Altar which he had erected to Jupiter upon the Mountain Lycaeus , a hill of Arcadia . Lycaonia , a Countrey of Asia the lesse , near Phrygia , and reaching as far as the Mountain Taurus ; also Arcadia was heretofore so called from Lycaon , the King thereof . Lyceum , the name of a School , which Cicero erected at his Mannor of Tusculum , calling it so after the name of Aristotles School , near Athens . Lycomedes , a King of the Island Scyrus , by whom Achilles being intertained before he went to the Trojan War , and conversing with his daughters in womans apparel , he got one of them called Deidamia with Childe , and begat Pyrrhus . Lycurgus , the son of Polydectes , and King of Sparta , after the death of his brother Eunomus , but he soon resigned up the Crown to Charilaus his brothers son , and having made wholesome laws for the good of the Common-wealth , which were confirmed by the approbation of the Delphic Oracle , he afterwards retired himself to Cyrrha , where at length he slew himself , and had a Temple built him , and Divine honours given bim by the Lacedaemonians : also the name of a King of Thrace , who proceeded so violently against Bacchus , that he forced him to retire himself to Naxus , and would have caused all the Vines in his Kingdom to be rooted up , that no sacrifice might be made to him , but ere he had effected his design he fell mad , and cut off his own legs . Lycus , a King of Boeotia , who married Antiope , the daughter of Nycteus , but she being got with Childe by Jupiter in the form of a Satyr , he put her away and married Dirce. See more in Dirce , and Amphyon ; also a King of Lybia , who using to sacrifice his Guests , had intended the same thing towards Diomede , but Callirroe the daughter of Lycus , falling in love with him delivered him out of Chains , and being afterwards neglected by him , hanged her self for grief . Lydia , a Christian name of divers women , from the Countrey so called . Lydia , a Kingdom of Asia the lesse , so called from Lydus , the son of Atys , who perceiving the people grow too numerous for the Countrey , resolved to send out one of his sons , to whose lot it should fall , to plant a Colony in some other place , so that it falling to Tyrrenus his lot , he went out with a great multitude of Lydians , and choosing out a part of Italie , which lieth upon the Sea-side , he called it from his own name Tyrrhenum , his brother Lydus tarrying at home succeeded his father Atys in the Kingdom , and called it from his own name Lydia , whereas before it was called Maeonia . Lydford Law , a certain Law , whereby they first hang a man , and afterwards indite him . Lymphatick , ( lat . ) mad , distracted , as it were by seeing the likenesse of a Nymph in the water , from Lympha , i. water . Lynceus , the son of Apareus , and one of the Argonauts , he was reported to be so quick-sighted , that he could see through stone walls even to the very deep it self , and that he could discern the Moon in her last quarter , and the first , the very same day , in the signe of Aries ; whence a sharp-sighted man is proverbially called a Lynceus , also Lynceus and Idas were two brothers , who fought with Castor and Pollux , about the two daughters of Leucippus , Castor fell by the hand of Lynceus , Lynceus by the hand of Pollux , Idas going about to slay Pollux , was strook with Thunder from Heaven . Lyncus , a King of Scythia , who going about to kill Triptolemus his Guest as he lay asleep , that he might gain to himself the glory of inventing the use of Corn , was changed by Ceres into a beast , called Lynx , or Ounce . Lyndus , a Citie of Rhodes , famous for the solemne sacrifices , which in old time were performed there to Hercules . Lyra , one of the celestial A●●orismes , which the Poets feigned to be Arions Harp. Lyrick , verses , or songs , songs composed to the Lyre , or Harp , whence we say vulgarly , playing Leero-way on the Viol , which is corruptly used for Lyra-way , i. e. Harp-way . Lysander , a Captain of the Lecedaemonians , who overcame the Athenians under the command of Conon in a very great battel . Lysidice , the daughter of Pelops , she was married to Electryon , and brought forth Alckmena the mother of Hercules . Lysimachus , the son of Agathocles , and one of the chief Captains of Alexander the Great , he was thrown to a Lyon to be devoured by Alexanders command , for hearing Call●●thenes the Philosopher after he was in Chains , but he wrapping his Garment about his hands , thrust them into the Lyons mouth , and pulling out his tongue killed him ; after Alexanders death he had the Government of Thrace . Lysippe , see Iphianassa . Lysius , one of the sirnames of Bacchus , to whom under that name the Boeotians consecrated a Temple , because by his help they overcame the Thracians , by whom they had been set upon before and beaten . M A MAbel , the Christian name of divers women , in Latin Mabilia , from Amabilis , i. lovely . Mac , an Irish word , signifying as much as son in English , or fitz in Welsh . Macareus , the son of Aeolus , who got his sister Canace with child , which Aeolus coming to discover by hearing the child cry , sent Canace a sword privately , bidding her do with it as she deserved best , whereupon she killed her self , and Macareus fleeing to Delphos , was made a Priest of Apollo . Macaleb , a kind of Pomander or bastard Coral whose berries are black and shining and serve for Bracelets . Macaronique , ( French ) a confused huddle of divers things jumbled together . Macarons , ( Ital. ) lumps of boiled paste , strewed over with sugar or spice , a dish much used by the Italians ; but here they are commonly compounded of Almonds , Sugar , Rose-water , and Musk. Macedonia , a large Country of Europe , heretofore famous for being governed by two great Kings , Philip of Macedon , and Alexander the Great , it was anciently called Aemathia and Aemonia , now Romelli . Macegrefs , those that buy and sell stollen flesh . Macellarious , ( lat ) belonging to a shambles . Maceration , ( lat . ) a mortifying , or bringing low , also a steeping in liquor . Machaon , a famous Physitian , the son of Aesculapius and Arsin●e , he was slain at the wars of Troy by Euripilus . Machiavilian , belonging unto Machiavill , a famous Historian and Polititian of Florence , whence it is commonly used for subtile or well verst in State-policy . Machination , ( lat . ) a plotting , contriving , or devising , from Machina , an Engin or Instrument of war , but used also for a device or invention . Macilent , ( lat . ) thin , lean , fallen of ones flesh . Mackerell , or Maquerell , ( French ) a kind of fish , so called from the great company of spots it hath , in Latin Scombrus ; it is also used for a pander or procurer . Macritude , ( lat . ) leannesse . Macrobii , a certain people of Aethiopia , so called from the long life they live . Macrocosme , ( Greek ) the greater , being taken contradistinct to the Microcosme or lesser , world , which is man. Macrology , ( lat . ) a figure among Rhetoricians , being a speech containing more words than are just necessary . Mactation , ( lat . ) a killing or committing slaughter . Maculation , ( lat . ) a staining or defiling with spots . Madefaction , ( lat . ) a moistning or wetting . Madidity , or Madour , ( lat . ) moistness or wetness . Madder , a kind of plant , with whose root being of a red colour , they use to dye wool . Madoc , an ancient Brittish name , from Mad , i. good . Madrigal , ( Ital. ) a kind of Song . Maeonia , see Lydia . Maeotis , a Lake in the North part of Scythia , near the mouth of the River Phasis . It is called by the Italians Mar della Tana , and Mar Bianco , by the Scythians , Garpaluc . Magazine , ( French ) a Store-house where Armes and Ammunition of War are put , as it were Mansio Gazae . Magdalen , ( Hebr. ) Majestical , the Christian name of divers women . Magdalen Colledge , a Colledge in Oxford , built , together with a Hall near adjoyning to it , by William Wain●let Bishop of Winchester . Magdaleon , ( lat . ) a kind of long plaister like a rowler , called also a Langate . Magdeburgum , or Magdeburg , as it were Maidenburg , from the Dutch word Magd , i. a Maid , the chief City of Saxony , in Germany , heretofore called Parthenopolis , from Venus Parthenia , who was there worshipped . Magician , ( lat . ) one that professeth the Art Magick , which was the same among the Persians , as Philosophy among the Grecians , i. e. the study of the more occult and mysterious Arts ; whence the 3 Wisemen of the East were called Magi , but among the vulgar , the word simply taken , is used in the same signification as Diabolical Magick , i. e. Sorcery or Witchcraft . Magisterial , ( lat . ) pertaining to Magistery , or Mastership , done by or like a Master ; in Physick a pill or plaister , &c. prepared after the best manner is called Magisterial . Magistracy , ( lat . ) the office of a Magistrate or chief Ruler . Magna charta , the great Charter containing a number of Laws ordained in the nineth year of Henry the third , and confirmed by Edward the first , containing the sum of all the written Laws of England . † Magnality , a greatnesse to be admired at , being a made word , from the Lat. Magnalia , i. e. great and wonderfull things . Magnanimity , ( lat . ) greatnesse of mind , courage , stoutnesse . Magnes , a youth of Smyrna , the most beautiful of his age , and excellent in musick and poetry , for which he was in high esteem with Gyges King of Lydia , who because the Parents of Magnes spoiled his cloths , and cut off his hair , made war upon the Country , overcame them , and brought away Magnes in Triumph to Sardes . Magnetick , ( lat . ) belonging to the Magnete or Lodestone . See Lodestone . Magnificence , ( lat . ) as it were a making great , sumptuousnesse , statelinesse , a carrying things on at a great heighth . Magnificat , the Song of the Virgin Mary , so called because it beginneth with these words , Magnificat anima mea , &c. Magnifico , ( Ital. ) the title of a Noble man of Venus , also the Governours of Academies in Germany , are called Magnifici . Magniloquence , ( lat . ) a lofty speaking , a talking of high things . Magnitude , ( lat . ) greatness , ampleness , largeness . Mago , the first that increased the wealth of Carthage , before the first Punick war he aided the Romans in the war of Tarentum with 120 ships . Magog , see Gog and Magog . Magonel , according to Chaucer , is an instrument to cast stones with . Mahim , or Maim , ( in Latin Mahemium ) is the hurting or taking away of any member by the wrongful act of another , whereby the party so hurt is made unable to fight , it comes from the old French word Mehaighn , and is called by the Canonists , Mutilatio membri . Mahumetanisme , the Religion and Law of the Turks , founded by Mahomet the first Emperour of the Saracens , there was also of this name a great Emperour of the Turks , who overthrew the Greek Empire , took twelve Kingdomes , and two hundred Cities from the Christians , whereof the chief were Constantinople , the Island Chalcis , Scodra , Trapezuntium , and Hydruntum , in Italie , but at the siedge of Belgrade , or as some say of Taurinum , he was overthrown , and put to flight . Maia , one of the seven Pleiades , on whom Jupiter begat Mercury , she was the daughter of Atlas and Pleione . Maid Marrian , or Morion , a boy dressed in womans apparel to dance the Morisco , or M●rrisdance . Maiden-hair , a kinde of plant , called in Latin Adiantum , or Capillus veneris . Maidenhead , a Town in Bark-shire , so called from a Maids head that was had in great reverence , being one of those 11000. who returning from Rome with their Leader Vrsula , were taken by Attila , and martyred at Colein in Germany . Maidstone , a pleasant Town in Kent , situate upon the River Medway , and therefore anciently called Medweg-ston , and thought to be the same with the old Town Vagniacae . Maim , see Mahim . Mainour , Manour , or Meinour , ( from the French word Maniere ) signifieth in Common-law , an apprehending of one that hath stollen any thing , and is followed with Hue and Cry , with the manner , that is , having the thing . Mainprise , ( from the French words main , i. a hand , and prins , i. taken ) signifieth in Common Law , the receiving a man into friendly custody , that otherwise might be committed to prison , giving security for his forth comming at a day assigned ; those that do thus undertake for any , are called Mainpernours , he that is taken into custody Mainpernable . Maint , ( Saxon ) mingled . Maintenance , in Common Law , is , upholding of a cause depending in suite between others , either by lending of money , or making of friends for either party . Majo , a County of Ireland , in the Province of Conaught . Major , signifieth in Latin greater , but with us it is commonly taken sometimes for a Praetor or Governour of a City , sometimes for a Military officer ; also in Logick the first part of a Syllogisme is called the Major or the proposition , the second the Minor or the assumption . Majoration , ( lat . ) a making greater . Maisnilwarings , and by contraction Manwarings , the name of a great and ancient Family in Cheshire . Master of the Rolles , is an assistant unto the Lord Chancelour of England in the high Court of Chancery , and in his absence heareth causes and giveth orders . Maisters of the Chancery , are assistants to the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal in matters of judgement ; of these there are 12 in number , whereof the chief is the Master of the Rolles . Masters of the Court of Wards and Liveries , the principal officer of that Court , named and assigned by the King to whose custody the Seal of the Court is committed . Master of the Horse , is he that hath the rule and charge of the Kings stable . Make , in Common Law , signifieth , to perform or execute , as , to make his Law , is to perform that Law which he hath formerly bound himself unto , that is , to clear himself of an action , commenced against him by his Oath , and the Oaths of his Neighbours ; also to make ones beard , ( an old phrase ) to deceive . Malachias , ( Hebr. ) my messenger . Malachite , ( Greek ) a kinde of precious stone , so called . Malacissation , a kneading , a making soft . Malacy , ( Greek ) a calm on the Sea , also a longing of women with childe . Maladie , ( French ) a disease , sicknesse , or infirmity . Malaga , a Citie and Port-Town of Andalusia , whence we have that sort of wine , which is called Malago Sack ; it is said to have been so called , because Cava the daughter of Count Julian , after that , her being ravish't by King Roderigo had been the occasion of the losse of Spain to the Moors , threw her self from a high Tower , crying out , Malacà , i. here 's the evil . Malanders , a certain disease in a horse , from the Italians Mal andare , i. to go ill . Malapert , saucy , impudent , as it were Male partus , i. ill brought forth . Maldisant , ( French ) a backbiter , an evil speaker . Maldon , a Town in Essex , anciently called Camalodunum from Camulus , whom the old Brittains worship't here for Mars , the God of war ; this Town being made a Colony of the Romans , was sacked by Queen Bunduca , or Boadicia . A Male , a kinde of sack , or budget from the Greek word Malloi fleece , because they used to be made of sheepskins . Malecontent , ( lat . ) discontented , evil content . Malediction , ( lat . ) an evil speaking , or cursing . Malefactour , ( lat . ) an evil doer , an offender . Malefice , ( lat . ) an evil act , a shrewd turn . Maletent , a Toll of fourty shillings for every sack of Wool , Anno 29. Edw. 1. ▪ it is also called Maletot , from the French Maletoste . Malevolence , ( lat . ) ill will. Malignity , ( lat . ) spite , malice , grudge . Malevolent Planets , Saturn and Sagitarius . M●lison , ( French ) a curse . Mallard , ( French ) a wilde Drake . Malleable , ( lat . ) to be wrought , or beaten out with a Mallet , or Hammer . M●lkin , or M●ukin , a Beesom to make clean an Oven with , it is also called a Scovel . Malliverie's , the name of an ancient family in York-shire , stiled in Latin Records Mali Leporarii . Mallow's , a kinde of plant of a softning , or loosening quality , called in Latin Malva . Malmesie , a sort of wine , which is brought out of Arvisium , in the Island of Chio , vulgarly called Marvisia , or Malvisia . Malmesbury , a Town in Wiltshire , first built by Mulmutius , a King of the Brittains , and by him named Caer Baldon , afterwards from one Maidulph an Irish-Scot , who here led a Hermites life , it was called Maidulphsburgh , and so by contraction Malmsbury . Malta , a rocky and barren Island , sixty miles distant from Sicilie , called in the New Testament Melita , this Island was given by Charls the fifth , to the Knights of Rhodes , who have ever since been called Knights of Malta . Mamalukes , a certain Order of Souldiers , who fought lightly armed on horsback , and were the chief military support of the last Empire of Aegypt . Mamitus , the thirteenth King of the Assyrians , he trained up his subjects in military discipline , and was a terrour to the Aegyptians , and many other Nations . Mammeated , ( lat . ) having paps , or teates . Mammet , a puppet , from the Greek word Mamme , as it were a little Mother , or Nurse . Mammillary Processes , ( lat . ) a Term in Anatomy , certain bones in the temples , representing the teates in a Cows Udder . Mammocks , fragments , or pieces . Mammon , the God of wealth , the word signifying in the Syriack tongue riches , or wealth , and is derived from the Hebrew word Hamon , i. plenty , having M. Hemantick added at the beginning . Mammooda , a kinde of East-Indian Coyn , valuing about a shilling . Manation , ( lat . ) a passing away , a flowing . Manage , in Italian Maneggiare , to govern , to rule , to handle . Manasses , ( Hebr. ) not forgotten . Manbote , ( Sax. ) a pecuniary compensation for killing of a man. Manchester , a pleasant Town in Lancashire , which anciently belonging to the Kings of Northumberland , and having been destroyed in the Danish war , King Edw. the Elder , sent an Army of Mercians into Northumberland , to re-edifie this Citie ; some say , because the inhabitants behaved themselves valiantly against the Danes , it was called Manchester , as it were the Citie of men , others derive it from Main , i. a stone , because it standeth upon a stony Hill ; it was anciently called Mancunium . Manchet , ( from the French word Main , i. e. the hand ) the finest , and the smallest sort of wheaten bread , called in Latin panis Capituli , in Greek Collyris . Manch present , ( old word ) a bribe . Mancipation , ( lat . ) an ancient manner of selling before witnesses , wherein divers Ceremonies were used ; it is also used in the same sence as Emancipation . Manciple , ( lat . ) a Steward , or Caterer , but chiefly one that buyes the common provisions in a Colledge , or Hospital . Mancuse , a kinde of Coyn , valuing about thirty of the ancient pence , each of which contains three pence of our money , some hold a Manca , or Mancus of Gold , to be as much as a Mark of silver . Mandatarie , ( lat . ) one that comes in to a Benefice by a Mandamus . A Mandate , ( lat . ) a Commandment , or charge , also in Common-law , it is a Judicial Command of the King , or his Justices , to have any thing done for the dispatch of Justice . Mandevils , an ancient family in Essex , stiled in Latin Records de Magna Villa . Mandible , ( lat . ) from M●ndibulum ) a jaw , ( from the participiate Mandibilis ) eatable . Mandilion , or Mandilian , ( French ) a kinde of military garment , a loose Cassock . Mandonius and Indibilis , two famous Spanish Captains , who having assisted Scipio , and the Romans against the Carthaginians began afterwards to revolt , but because of the memory of their former good service they were dismissed . Mandrake , a kinde of plant , so called from the Greek word Mandra , i. a Cave , because it groweth near unto Den's and in shady places , it beareth a fruit called Mandrake , Apples of a cold and soporiferous quality , it is also called by some Anthropomorphos , because its root being divaricated , something resembleth the shape of a man. Manducation , ( lat . ) a chewing . Mandy thursday , as it were dies Mandati , the day of Commandment , because of that great charge which our Saviour gave to his Disciples , concerning the observation of his Supper , being the Thursday next before Easter day . Mangonels , the same as Magonells . Mangonization , ( lat . ) a trimming , or setting out things to the best advantage for sale . Manichees , a sort of Hereticks that maintained that there was a fatal necessity of sin , which Doctrine was first broached by one Manes a Persian . Manicles , ( French ) fetters wherewith the hands of prisoners are bound , being derived originally from the Latin word Manus , a hand . Manifesto , ( Ital. ) a Declaration of some Prince , or Common-wealth , about publick affairs . Maniple , ( lat . ) a handful , in physick more especialy it is taken for such a bundle of herbs or other things as may be griped with the hand ; also a company consisting of 10 souldiers ; some also take it for a fannel or such a kind of ornament as Priests used to wear about their wrists when they went to sacrifice . Manipular , ( lat . ) belonging to a maniple . Manlius , the name of divers famous Romans , whereof the chief were Marcus Manlius Capitolinus , and Titus M●nlius Torquatus . See Capitolinus and Torquatus . Manna , a certain delicious food wherewith God fed the children of Israel in their journey to Canaan , being a congealed dew which fell from Heaven , it comes from the Hebrew word Manah , i. to distribute or Mahna , i. what is it , because they admired what it was : there is also at this day a certain sweet dew , which falling early in the morning upon trees and herbs , is called Manna , which congealing into a whitish substance , is of a pleasant taste , and is much used in physick . Mannour , ( in Latin Manerium a manendo , i. remaining to the heir , or else from the Lords remaining there himself ) it signifieth in common Law , a rule or government which a man hath over such as hold land within his fee. Man of War , in Navigation , is taken for a ship of War , by the figure Metonymia . Manqueller , ( old word ) a murderer . Mansion , ( lat . ) a remaining , an abiding , also a Manor-house , or the Lords chief dwelling house within his fee. Manslaughter , in Common Law , is the unlawful killing of a man upon some sudden occasion , or falling out , without premeditated malice . Mansuetude , ( lat . ) gentlenesse , tractablenesse , meeknesse . Manteleth , a term in Faulconry , for when the Hawk stretcheth one of her wings along after her legs , and so the other : It is said she Manteleth . Mathematicks , Arts taught by demonstration which comprehend four of the liberal Arts , Astronomy , Arithmetick , Musick , and Geometry . Manticore , ( Ital. ) a kind of Indian beast , faced like a Man , and bodied like a Lion , and having three rows of sharp teeth . Manticulation , ( lat . ) a doing a thing slily , a carrying on a businesse closely . Mantle , or Mantile , ( lat . ) a kind of long robe , also in Heraldry it is that flourish which proceeds from the wreath and helm , and descends on each side the Escutcheon . Mantua , a City of Italy , situate upon the River Po , and built by Ocnus , who called it so from his mothers name Manto a Theban Prophetesse , the daughter of Tiresias , she after the death of her father fleeing from the tyranny of Creon King of Thebes , went first into Asia and built the Temple of Apollo Clarius , afterwards she came into Italy , where being got with child by Tiberinus , she brought forth Ocnus . Manual , ( lat . ) belonging to the hand , filling the hand ; it is also used substantively , for a book of a small volume which may easily be carried in ones hand . Manubiary , ( lat . ) belonging to the spoil or prey . Manucaption , ( lat . ) a taking by the hand . Manucaptors , ( lat . ) Sureties or Bailes . Manuduction , ( lat . ) a leading by the hand , a guiding . Manuel , in Common Law , signifieth that whereof present profit may be made . Manufacture , ( lat . ) handy-work . Manumission , ( lat . ) an Enfranchising , a making free a slave or bondman , which in former time was performed with divers ceremonies before a Magistrate . Manure , from the French word Manouurier , to work and labour the earth with the hand . Manuscript , ( lat . ) a thing onely written with the hand . Manutenentia , a Writ used in the case of maintenance . † Manutention , ( lat . ) a holding by the hand . Marria or Mar , the name of a Country in the North part of Scotland . Marathon , a Town of Greece , about ten miles distant from Athens , famous for the Victory of Theseus over the Marathonian Bull , and of Miltiades over Darius his Army consisting of above 100000. men . Maravedis , a kind of Spanish coin of very small value , 34 of them amounting but to a Royal , which is about 6 pence of our money . Marcellus , a great General of the Romans , who overcame the Captain of the Gaules in a single Duel ; vanqvisht Hannibal after he had given the Romans several great overthrows , took Syracuse , and at last was circumvented by Hannibal and slain . Marcessible , ( lat . ) apt to putrifie or corrupt . Marcgrave , ( Dutch ) a Count or Earl of the Marches , i. e. the Frontier of a Country , whence the title of Marquesse seemeth to be derived ; also those Noblemen which from the Marches , i. the limits between England and Wales , or between England and Scotland , were heretofore called Marchers , and injoyed private Laws to themselves which now are worn out . March , so called because it was dedicated to Mars by his son Romulus . Marchesite , or Marquesite , ( Span. ) a certain kind of stone intermingled among mettal , and partaking of the nature and colour of the mettal it is mixt with ▪ it is by some called a firestone . Marcheta , a certain Law made by Eugenius King of Scotland , which was that the Lord of the land should have the first nights lodging with every married woman within his jurisdiction , ( the word signifying , as some think , the first carnal copulation with a woman ) but this law was abrogated by Malcolm the third . Marchpane , ( French ) a kind of Sugered paste made into little cakes , it is called in Greek Saccharites , in Latin Panis dulciarius , also Sagunculus , from Saguntum a Town in Spain where the best are made , or Panis Martius , because it had wont to be consecrated to Mars , having towers , castles , and such like on it . Marcidity , or Marcour , ( lat . ) a withering away , rottennesse . Marcionists , a sort of ancient Hereticks , so called from one Marcion a Stoick , they denied Christ to be the Son of God. Marcus , the praenomen of divers eminent Romans , as Marcus Curtius , ( who for the publick good , devoted himself to the infernal powers , and rid compleatly arm'd into a monstrous gap with which the earth opened ) and others . See Regulus Salinat●r , &c. Maremaid , see Syren . Mareotis , a great Lake in Aegypt , on the south side of Alexandria , having a large and commodious Port. Margaret , ( Greek ) pearl , the Christian name of divers women , contracted Marget . Margaritiferous , ( lat . ) bringing forth , Margarites , i. pearles which are found in Oysters and other kind of shell-fish . Margery , a Christian name of divers women ; some think it to be the same with Margaret , others derive it from Marjora , a kind of flower . Marginal , ( lat ) belonging to the margin or margent , i. the brink or brim of any thing , also written in the margin of a book , which is , the extream or uttermost part of a page , which terminates the lines . Mariandunum , a Country of Asia , famous for the Acherusian Den , through which the Poets feign that Hercules went down into Hell. Mariets , ( French ) a sort of violets , called also Marian violets ; some think from Maria the name of a woman who first discovered them . Marigold , a kind of flower of a yellow or golden colour , called in Latin herba solaris , in Greek Heliotropium , because at night it contracts it self , and at sun-rising opens and dilates it self . Marine , ( lat . ) belonging to the Sea , whence Mariner , a Sailour , a Seafaring-man . Marital , ( lat . ) belonging to Wedlock or Mariage . Maritime , ( lat . ) belonging to the Sea , or being along the Sea side . Marius , a stout Roman born at Arpinas , he overcame Jugurth King of Numidia , and led him in Triumph before his Chariot , after he had had five Consulships together conferred on him by the Romans , being the sixth time Consul with Catulus , he overthrew the Cimbrians in Gallia , and the Teutones in Italy , at length being overcome by Sylla , he hid himself by the Lake Minturna , from whence he fled into Africa , but was recalled by Cinna , and made Consul the seventh time . Mark , ( Hebr. ) high , or from the Latin Marcus , which name according to Varrow , was given to those that were born in the moneth of March , but according to Festus , it signifies a hammer or mallet . Mark , a sort of coin , or money valueing with us about thirteen shillings and four pence , but a Mark of Gold is counted about eight ounces , or thirty three shillings and four pence . Marcab , the pinion of the wing of Pegasus . Marleborough , a Town in Wiltshire , seated upon the River Cunetio or Kenet , so called from Marga or Marle , because it standeth upon a chalky ground . Alexander Necham calleth it Merlebrigia , from the Tomb of Merlin the Prophet ; this Town is famous for a Parliament in old times , assembled here , who made a Law for appeasing tumults , called the Statute of Marleb●row . Marlin , a kind of Hawk called in French Esmerillion . Marling , a term in Navigation , being a small line made of untwisted hemp , to sease the ends of ropes from farsing out . Marmaduke , the proper name of a man , from the Dutch Mermachtig , i. more mighty . Marmalade , ( Ital. ) a kind of conserve made of quince , which is called by the Italians Marmelo . Marmorean , ( lat . ) like Marble , or made of Marble . Marmoset , a Monky , from the French word Marmotter , i. to mutter . Maronean wine , a sort of wine made at the City Maronea , of great vertue and strength . Maronites , were a sort of Christians dwelling in Mount Libanus , they received the Catholik religion from Pope Clement the eighth , and were a branch of the Jacobites having a Patriarch of their own , who was alwayes called Peter . Marpessa , called also Alcyone , the daughter of Euenus , and wife of Idaeus , the comliest man of his time , she was so loved of her husband , that when Apollo carried her away he pursued the god with his bow and arrows ; he had by her a very fair daughter called Cleopatra , who was married to Meleager . Marque , see Letters of Mart , or Marque . Marquesite , see Marchesite . Marquetry , a kind of chequer'd or inlaid work , made with wood of divers sorts or colours , into the shape of knots , flowers , or other things . Marquisate , ( French ) the title and jurisdiction of a Marquesse who is a Noble man , next in Dignity and account unto a Duke , from the Dutch word March , i. a bound , because originally they were the Prefects of the borders of some Countrey . A Marrow , ( French ) a companion or fellow , also a beggarly rascal . Mars , the son of Juno , who without the help of Jupiter , proved with child by eating of a flower which grew in the Olenian fields , according to the advice of Flora and brought forth Mars , who was called the god of War ; he being in bed with Venus , was discovered by Vulcan her husband , who throwing an iron net over them exposed them to the view and laughter of all the gods ; but at the suite of Neptune they were set free . Also the name of one of the 7 Planets . Marshal , ( in Latin Mariscallus ) was anciently no other than a Master of Horse , from the Dutch words Mar , i. a horse , and Scalc , i. a servant , but of late there are several officers of that name , as the Marshals belonging to the several Courts of Law , the Marshals of each Regiment in an Army , but the highest officers that bore this name among us , were the Lord Marshal of England , whose power consisted chiefly in matters of war and armes , and Marshals of the Kings House , whose office was to hear pleas of the Crown , and to punish faults committed within the verge . Marshalsee , as it were Marshals seat , the Court of the Marshal . Marsyas , a certain Musitian of Phrygia , instructed by Minerva , he provoking Apollo to a contest in Musick , was overcome and flead for his presumption , and from his name the River Marsyas whose streams were augmented by the tears of the Nimphs that bewailed him , took its denomination . Marternes , or Sables , a kind of rich Fur , being the skin of a little beast called a Marten . Martia , the wife of Cato Vticensis , whom he gave to his friend Hortensius , and after he was dead , about the beginning of the civil wars , took her again . Martial , ( lat . ) born under the Planet of Mars , also warlike or valiant , whence the Law of Armes is called Martial Law. Martichore , see Manticore . Martin , the proper name of a man , from the Latin Martius . The first of this name was St. Martin the Military Saint , Bishop of Tours . Martinet , or Martelet , a kind of bird , called in Greek Apus , because it wanteth the use of its feet . Martingale , see Cavechin . Martnets , a Term in Navigation , the small lines which being fastned to the legs on the leetch of a sayl , come down by the mast to the deck . Martyrologie , ( Greek ) a discourse , treating of the lives , and sufferings of Martyres . Marullus Pomponius , the greatest Grammarian and Critick of his age , who reprehended Tiberius for speaking improper Latin , and gave Ateius Capito , the lie for vindicating it . Mary , ( Hebr. ) exalted . Mascarade , ( French ) a mask , or pompous representation . Mascle ▪ in blazon , is a short lozenge , having a square hole in the midst , from the French word Macle , i. e. a spot , also the mash , or hole of a Net. Masculine , ( lat . ) manly , or of the male kinde . Massagetae , see Scythia . Masse , ( in latin Missa ) the Liturgy , or Divine service performed by the Roman Catholicks , is also called from the Hebrew Missah , l. sacrifice , or oblation . Massicot , a kinde of Oaker , made of Ceruse , or white Lead . Massilia , a Town of Gallia Narbonensis , which after it had been destroyed , was rebuilt by the Phocences , who flying from the Tyranny of Cyrus , seated themselves in this place ; the Arts and Sciences flowrish't here at that heighth , that it was accounted a second Athens , it is vulgarly called Mar●eiltes . Massinissa , a King of Numidia , who from an inveterate enemy of the Roman name , became a faithfull friend and allie , he was a man of that strength , and vigour of body , that at 90 years of age , he begat a son . Massorets , a sort of Jews , which corrected the false written words of the Scripture , noting them wit a little o. ( for they made a scruple to blot them out ) and setting down their corrections in the Margin . Mastication ▪ ( lat . ) a chewing between the teeth . Mastick , a kinde of sweet Gum ▪ distilling out of the Mastich , or Lentiske Tree . Masticot , a kinde of yellow colour used in painting . Mastigophore , ( Greek ) an Usher that with stripes makes way in a croud . Mastruke , ( French ) a kinde of winter Garment made of Wolves and Deers skins together . Mastupration , ( lat . ) lascivious violence offered to a man. Matachin , ( French ) a kinde of French dance . Matagot , ( French ) a kinde of Ape , or Monky , also a Hypocrite . Match , a Term in Hunting , when a Wolf desires copulation , he is said to go to his match , or to his mate . Mateotechny , or Mataeotechny , ( Greek ) the vanity of any Art , a vain Science . Mate , ( Saxon ) daunted , also consum'd . A Mate , or Checkmate , ( a Term used in the Game at Chess ) is when the Game is brought to that passe , that there is no way left for the King to escape , from the Italian word Motto , i. foolish and inconsiderate , or the Spanish Matar , i. to kill . Matelotage , the Hire of a Boat , or ship , from the French word Matelot , a Saylour , or Shipman . Material , ( lat . ) consisting of matter , or substance ; also being of some weight , or importance . Materiation , ( lat . ) a ●elling of Timber for building . Maternal , ( lat . ) motherly , on the mothers side , whence maternity , motherhood . Mathematician , ( lat . ) one that is skilfull in the Mathematicks , that is , those Sciences which are understood by demonstration , of these there are four in all , Arithmetick , Geometry , Astronomy , and Musick . Matthew , ( Hebr. ) Gods gift . Mathurins , certain Fryars of the Order of the holy Trinity , whose Office is to redeem Christian Captives out of Turkish slavery . Matricide , ( lat . ) a killing of ones mother , or one that kill 's his mother . Matrice , ( lat . ) that part of the Womb , where the Child is conceived , also a mould for letters . Matriculation , ( lat . ) a Registring of young Schollars , into the society of their Foster-mother of learning the University . Matrimonial , ( lat . ) belonging to matrimony , i. marriage , or wedlock . Mattins , ( French ) Morning-prayer . Mattock , a kinde of Pick-axe , from the Dutch word , Metha●●k , i. with hook . Mattresse , ( French ) a quilt , or flock-bed . Matura , a certain goddesse among the ancient Romans , who was said to be the Patronnesse of Corn , when the eares began to ripen , as Patalena took charge of them when the cups began to open , and Lactucina , when the juyce , or milky substance began to abound . Maturity , ( lat . ) ripenesse , whence maturation , a ripening . Matuta , see Ino. Matutine , ( lat . ) belonging to the morning . Maud , ( Germ. ) a Christian name of divers women from Matilda , or Mathildis , i. Honourable Lady of maids . Maugre , or Maulgre , ( French ) whither one will , or no , or as we commonly say in despite of his teeth ; also a proper name , in Latin Malgerius . Mavis , in Latin Malviccium , a bird called a Thrush , or Thrussel . Maund , ( French ) a hand-basket , from Manus , i. a hand , or from Mandere , i. to eat , because they use to carry meat in it . Maundy-Thursday , see Mandy-Thursday . Mavors , the same as Mars . Mauritania , the utmost Region of Africa , toward the Gaditan Bay , now called the Streights of Gibraltar , where the Gyant Antaeus is said to have raign'd , who was overcome by Hercules , it is divided into Tingitana and Caesariensis , which Strabo call's Massilia and Massaesylia . Mausolus , a King of Caria , the husband of Artemisia , by whom he was so intirely loved , that after he was dead , she is said to have drunk up his ashes in wine , and built him a very stately Sepulcher , which from his name she called Mousoleum , being one of the seven wonders of the world , and from which every rich Monument is figuratively called a Mausoleum . Maxillar , or Maxillary , ( lat . ) belonging to the jawbone . A Maxime in Phylosophy , or Law , is a proposition , or principle generally received , grounded upon reason , and not to be denied , called also an axiome . Maximilian , a name , first given to one of the German Emperours , by his father Frederick the third , composing it of the names of two famous Romans , Quintus Fabius , Maximus , and Scipio Aemelianus , with hope that his son would imitate their vertues . May , so called , because Romulus dedicated it to M●ya , the mother of M●rcury . Maze , an astonishment , also the same as Labyrinth . Mazer , a Beker , or standing Cup to drink in , from the Dutch word Maeser , i. Maple , of which sort of wood those Cups are commonly made . M E Mead , the same Hydromel . Meagre , ( French ) scraggy , or lean . The Mean , in Musick the Tenor , or middle part , also in Law , it is used for the interim , or middle time , as , the action was mean , &c. Meander , or Maeander , a River of Phrygia , which hath many oblique diversions , whence a thing that is full of intricate turnings and windings , is called a Maeander , by way of Metaphor . Mearstones , ( in Latin Lapides terminales ) certain stones , which are put as bounds and limits between one mans land and anothers . Mease , ( in Latin Mansus ) a Mansion house , from the French word Maison , i. e. a house , or as some say from Meix , i. e. a Mansion , also Mease , or Mese , is used for a measure of Herrings , consisting of 500. Measandue , an Hospital , from the French Maison de Dieu . Meath , a Province of Ireland , containing these following Counties , Eastmeath , Westmeath , and Longford . Mecaen●s , a learned Noble-man of Rome , who lived in the time of Augustus , he was a great favourer of Virgil and Horace , whence every favourer of learning , and learned men hath been ever since saluted with the Title of Mecaenas . Mecha , a Citie in Arabia Foelix , which is had in great reverence by the Turks , as being the place where Mahomet was buried . Mechanick Arts , or Handycrafts those Arts , which require the labour of the hand , of which these seven are esteemed the chief ; Agriculture , Clothing , Navigation , Hunting , Architecture , Medecine , Military Discipline : the word comes from the Greek , M●chane , an artifice , or invention . Mechation , ( lat . ) a committing fornication , or whoredom . A Medal , ( French ) a kinde of ancient coyn , or piece of plate , having stampt upon it the effigies of some Prince , or other eminent man. Medea , see Jason . Medewife , ( Sax. ) a woman of merit . Media , a large Countrey in Asia , so called from Madai the son of Japheth , or Medus the son of Aegeus and Medea , it is divided into the greater Media , whose chief Citie is Ecbatana , and the lesser called also Atropatia . Mediastine , from the Latin Mediastinus , is a drudge , or Kitchin slave , from Mediastinum it signifies that partition made by certain thin skins , dividing the whole breast into two hollow bosomes . Mediation , ( lat . ) a dividing into two , also a making suit , or means for any one , whence Mediatour , an intercessour . Medicable , ( lat . ) able to heal , also easie to be heal'd , or cur'd . Medicament , ( lat . ) a Medecine , or Physical drugge . Medication , ( lat . ) a curing , or healing . Medietas linguae , an inquest empanell'd upon any cause , whereof one part consisteth of Denizens , the other of strangers . Mediety , ( lat . ) the half , or middle . Medimne , ( lat . ) a certain measure , containing six bushels . Mediocrity , ( lat . ) a mean , a middle temper , and indifferency . Mediolanum , the chief Citie of that part of Italie , formerly called Gallia Cisalpina , it was first built by the Gauls , who as they were digging in the earth , finding a sow half covered with wool like a sheep , called the Citie Mediolanum , vulgarly Millain , and the whole Countrey afterwards being Conquered by the Lombards , was thence named Lombardy . Medisance , ( French ) evil speaking , obloquy , or reproach . Meditation , ( lat . ) a studying , or devising . Mediterranean , ( lat . ) being in the middle of the earth , or land , whence the Mediterranean Sea is that Sea , which hath its course in the midst of the earth . Medrinacles , a kinde of course Canvas , called also Pouledavies . Medullar , ( lat . ) belonging to the marrow . Medusa , the daughter of Phorcys , with whose golden hair Neptune was so much in love , that he lay with her in the Temple of Minerva , and begat Pegasus , at which the goddesse being incenced , turned her hairs into Serpents , whose sight converted all that look't on them into stone , but at length Perseus finding the Serpents asleep , killed them , and cut off Medusa's head . Meed , ( old word ) merit , or reward . Meen , ( French ) the countenance , or posture of the face , also the outward Garb. Meer , in Common-law , hath been used for meer right . Mees , ( Saxon ) Meadows . Megabysus , one of the Persian Nobles , who in the behalf of Darius overthrew the Tyranny of the Magi , in Europe he took Perinthus , overcame the Paeones , and attempted Macedonia . Megaclo , the daughter of Macares , King of the Lesbians , who being of a froward disposition , and alwayes contending with his wife , Megaclo was so grieved at her mothers calamity , that she hired the Muses to be her maids , and teaching them to sing , they by the sweetnesse of their Musick , so allayed the spirit of Megares , that his wife ever after lived a better life with him , for which benefite to her , she in thankfulnesse built pillars of brasse to their glory , and caused them to be honoured in all the Temples thereabout . Megacosme , ( Greek ) the great world . Megaera , the name of one of the three Furies , the other two being Alecto , and Tisiphone . Megalesian games , were certain games celebrated in ancient times at Rome , in honour of Cybele , or the great goddesse . Megalopsychie , ( Greek ) Magnanimity , or greatnesse of minde . Megara , the daughter of Creon , King of Thebes , she was given in marriage to Hercules , upon condition that he should free the Thebans from the oppression of Erginus , King of the Orchomenii , which he performed , but Juno being highly incenc't against him for killing Lycus , possest him with such a madnesse that he slew his wife Megara , and all the Children he had by her . Megrim , a distemper which causeth a great pain in the temples and fore part of the head ; the word seems to be contracted from the Greek word Hemicrania . Meire , a term in Blazon . See Varry Cuppy . Melampod , ( in Greek Melampodium ) a certain kind of herb , otherwise called Hellebore . Melampus , the son of Amythaon and Dorippe , who laying him abroad in the Sun and covering all his body except his feet , they were so scorched by the Sun , that they became black , whence he was called Melampus , i. Blackfoot . He was a famous Physitian and understood the voices of birds and beasts , he cured the daughters of Praetus of their madnesse , one of whom named Iphianassa he married . Melancholick , ( Greek ) sad , pensive , troubled with melancholy , i. e. black choler , one of the 4 humours of the body , also a distemper caused by the abounding of that humour . Melantho , the daughter of Proteus , who had a humour to ride upon a Dolphins back up and down the Sea , which Neptune observing turned himself into a Dolphin , and carrying her to shore upon his back , ravisht her and begot Amycus . Melanthus , the son of Andropompis , he being a Messenian was driven out of his Country by the Heraclidae ; he went and helpt the Athenians against the Boeotians , and killed their Captain Xanthus ; for which he was chosen King of the Athenians in the place of Thymoetes . Melborn , a Castle in Darbyshire , where John Duke of Barbon , taken prisoner at Agincourt , was detained prisoner 19 years under the custody of Sir Nicholas de Mountgomery the younger . Melchior , the name of one of the Magi , or Wise men of the East who offered gifts to our Saviour ; He offered Gold as to a King , the second call'd Jasper frankincense as unto God , the third called Balthasar Myrrh as to one that was to die ; also the name of a great Heretick , the founder of that sect called the Melchiorists . Melchites , a sort of Christians in Syria , subject to the Patriarch of Antioch , they are so called from Melchi , which in the Syriack tongue signifies a King , because they used to follow the Emperours injunctions in matters of Religion . Melicent , ( French ) honey-sweet , a Christian name of women . Meleager , the son of Oeneus King of Calidonia , and Althaea , he gathered a company of valiant youths together to slay a wild Bore that wasted the Country of Aetolia , and having slain it , presented the head to Atalanta the daughter of Jasius King of Argos , which Plexippus and Tox●us the brothers of Althaea indeavouring to take away , he slew them both , and married Atalanta , but Althaea enraged at the death of her brothers , threw the brand into the fire which she had saved from the Destinies when he was borne , which as it burnt , he consumed away . Melimele , see Pome Paradise . Melioration , ( lat . ) a making better , an improving . Melissa , see Mellona . Mellation , ( lat . ) the driving away of the Bees , and taking the honey out of the Hives . Mellification , ( lat . ) a making Honey . Melli●●uous , ( lat . ) flowing with Honey , full of sweetnesse . Melliloquent , ( lat . ) speaking sweetly , as it were speaking Honey . Mellilote , or Melilote , a certain herb , bearing round leaves with slender branches , from the Greek word meli , i. honey , and Lotus the Lote-tree , as it were , the Lote bearing honey . Mellona , a certain goddesse worshipt by the ancient Romans , as the Patronesse of Bees , perhaps the same with Melissa who first found out the use of Honey , whom the Poets feign to have been turned into a Bee ; she was the daughter of Melissus King of Creet , and the sister of Amalthea , the Nurse of Jupiter . Melody , a musical sound , or sweet aire , from the Greek words , meli , i. honey , and ode , i. a song , as it were a honey'd or sweet song . Melpomene , the name of one of the nine Muses , the first inventresse of Tragedies . Membrane , ( lat . ) a certain little thin skin which covereth every part of the body , also a skin of parchment , also the pill between the bark and the tree . Memnon , the son of Tithonus and Aurora , and brother of Laomedon , he was slain by Achilles in the Trojan War , and his body being burnt , it is reported that there flew out certain Birds , which are thence called Memnonian Birds , who are said every year to come out of Aethi●pia to visit the Tomb of Memnon . Memorandum , ( lat . ) a short note or token for the better remembrance of any thing , or as we commonly say , an I●em . Memorable , ( lat . ) easie to be remembred , worthy of remembrance . Memorial , ( lat . ) a remembrancer , or that which puts one in mind of any thing . Memphis , the chief City of Aegypt , built by Ogdous , and called after his daughters name , and from whence the Aegyptians are anciently named Memphians ; it is now vulgarly called Alcairo . Menalippus , a Theban , who having given Tydeus a mortal wound , was slain by the friends of Tydeus , who causing Menalippus his head to be brought to him , tore it in pieces for revenge , and immediately after died . † Mendaciloquent , ( lat . ) speaking false , telling lyes . Mendication , ( lat . ) a begging , whence a Friar Mendicant is one that goes up and down begging almes . Menelaus , the son of Atreus and Aerope , he marrying Helena the daughter of Jupiter and Leda , she was in his absence stollen away by Paris the son of Priam , which was the occasion of the Trojan war , wherein after 9 years siege Troy was destroyed , and Helena recovered . Menestheus , the son of Peleus , he with the help of the Tyndaridae raising a sedition against Theseus , became King of the Athenia●● , but going to the siege of Troy he there died . Menial or Moenial servant , one that lives within the walls of his masters house , from the Latin word Moenia , i. walls , or from the old word Meny , which significes a Family . Meninges , ( Greek ) two thin skins which enwrap the brain , the one called dura mater next to the skull , the other pia mater , which immediately covereth the brain . Meniver , a kind of Fur , being as some think , the skin of a Squirrels belly , or as others say , of a little white beast , ( like to a wesel ) breeding in Muscovy . Mennow , ( from the French word Menu , i. small ) a little fish , otherwise called a Cackrel , in Latin Minimus . Menoecus , a Theban youth , the son of Creon , he was so zealous for the safety of his Countrey , that when the Oracle had foretold that the Citie , which was besieg'd by the Argives , could not be saved unlesse the last of the race of Cadmus would voluntarily kill himself , he slew himself with his own sword . Mensal , ( lat . ) belonging to a table . Mension , ( lat . ) a measuring . Menstruosity , ( lat . ) the abounding of womens monethly flowers . Mensuration , ( lat . ) the same as Mension , or measuring . Mental , ( lat . ) kept in the mind , whence mental reservation , a speaking something , and concealing the rest . Menteith , the name of a Country in the south part of Scotland . Mentition , ( lat . ) a lying , or forging tales . Mera , the daughter of Praetus and Antia , she being a great Huntresse and following Diana in the Woods , was ravisht by Jupiter , who lay with her in the shape of Diana , whereupon the goddesse shot her to death with one of her arrows , and afterwards turning her into a dog , she placed her among the heavenly Constellations ; also the name of Icarius his dog . See Icarius . Meracity , ( lat . ) a being pure and without mixture . Menker , the jaw of the Whale . Meraud , the Christian name of divers women , from the pretious stone called the Emerauld . Mercature , ( lat . ) a buying , trading , or merchandizing . Mercedary , ( lat . ) hired with reward or wages . Mercenary , ( lat . ) the same . Merch , the name of a Country in the south part of Scotland . Merchenlage , the law of the Mercians , or the inhabitants of these eight Countries , Glocester , Worcester , Hereford , Warwick , Oxford , Chester , Salop , and Stafford , the Land being formerly divided into three parts ; the Mercians , the West-Saxons , and the Danes . See Denelage . Mercury , as it were Medius currens inter Deos & homines , i. e. sent on messages between the gods and men , the son of Jupiter and Maia the daughter of Atlas , he lay with his sister Venus and begat Hermaphroditus , he was counted the god of Eloquence , of Merchandry , of Handy-crafts-men , and the first inventour of the Harpe , also among Astronomers the name of one of the seven Planets ; among Chymists of Quicksilver . Mercurial , or Mercurialist , one born under the Planet Mercury . Meretricious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Whore. Meridian , ( lat . ) belonging to noon , also substantively used for one of the greater circles dividing the Sphear into two equal parts , and passing through the Poles of the World , and the Zenith or Vertical point . Meridiation , ( lat . ) a sleeping at noon . Meritot , a kinde of play used by Children , wherein they swing themselves up and down upon a Rope , to which is tied a little beam , acrosse which they sit , it is called in Latin Oscillum . Meremaid , or Maremaid . See Syren . Mern , a County in the North of Scotland , the people whereof were anciently called Vernicones , by some Vecturiones . Meroe , an Island encompass't with the River Nilus , in which there is a Citie of the same name , built by Cambyses , whose sister was called Meroe , from wence the Citie and Island took their denomination , this Citie Astronomers make to be the farthest of the Northern Climats , whose parallel-line they call Dia Meroes , because it runs through the midst of the Citie . Merope , one of the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleione , they were feigned by the Poets to be changed into seven stars , called the Pleiades . Merrick , a proper name of a man , among the ancient Brittains , in Latin Meuricus . Mersion , ( lat . ) a ducking , or plunging over head and eares into the water , a drowning . M●rton , a Town in Surrey , where Kinalph , King of the West-Saxons was slain by a Clito , or Prince of the bloud , in a Harlots house , the Clito himself being also stab'd immediately by Kinulphs followers : in this place was born Walter de Merton , founder of Merton Colledge in Oxford . Mese , see Mease . Mesel , ( Sax. ) a Leaper . Mesentery , ( Greek as it were , the middle of the entrails ) a certain thick , and double skin that fastneth the bowels , or entrails to the back , and affordeth passage to a number of veins , called the Mesenterick , or Meseraick veins . Meskite , a Church , or Synagogue among the Turks and Moors , from the Arabick word Mezquidun , i. an Oration . Mesnagerie , ( French ) husbandry , or housewifery . Mesnalty , a Term in Common-law , the right of the Mes● , that is , a Lord of a Mannour , who hath Tenants holding of him , yet holding himself of a Superiour Lord , from the French word Maisné , i. e. younger by birth . Mesopotamia , a large Countrey of Asia ; so called because it is between the two Rivers Tigris and Euphrates , it was called by the ancient Hebrews Aram Naharaim , i. e. Syria of the Rivers , now Apamia , and by some Adiabene . Messagry , ( old word ) diligence in doing a message . Messalians , a Sect of Hereticks , who held the Lords Supper , and baptism to be but of indifferent concernment . Messana , the chief Citie of Sicilie , built by the Messenians , near unto the Promontory of Pelorum . Messapia , or Mesapia , a Countrey of Italie , anciently so called from Messapus , the son of Neptune , it containeth those Regions which are now called Calabria , and Apulia . Messenae , a famous Citie in Greece , situate in the Peloponnesus , whose ancient inhabitants the Messenii , waged a long and bloudy war with the Spartans , but at last were reduced to absolute slavery . Messias , the same in Hebrew as Christos in Greek , i. anointed , and is oft used in the Holy Scriptures for our Saviour Christ. Messorious , ( lat . ) belonging to mowing , reaping , or harvest . Mesuage , in Common-law , is used for a dwelling house , with Garden , Courtilage , Orchard , and all other things belonging to it . Metachronisme , ( Greek ) an errour in Chronology by the mis-reckoning of time , or the ill connexion of passages , a word compounded of the Greek preposition Meta and Chronos , i. time . Metaleptick , ( Greek ) belonging to the figure Metalepsie , wherein one thing is used to signifie another . Metalline , ( lat . ) belonging to mettals . Metamorphosis , ( Greek ) a changing of one body , or figure into another . A Metaphor , ( Greek ) a certain figure , wherein one word is borrowed to expresse the signification of another , as smiling Meadow's , youthfull Summer . Metaphysicks , ( Greek ) a science , which treateth of supernatural things , as God , Angels , the Souls of men , &c. Metaplasmus , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , wherein words , or letters are plac't contrary to their usual order . Metaris , an arm of the Sea in Lincolnshire , commonly called Maltraith , and the Washes . Metathesis , ( Greek ) transposition , being a certain figure wherein one letter is put for another . Metellus , a famous Roman Captain , who being to go by Sea , with a great Army against the Carthaginians and Sicilians , prayed to all the gods but Vesta , who being thereby offended , kept back the Navy with contrary windes , which Caius Julius the Priest affirmed could not be diverted , but by the sacrificing of his daughter Metella , which he yielding unto , the goddesse took compassion of the Virgin , and sent a Heifer in her stead , also the name of a High-Priest of the Romans , who when the Temple of Vesta was on fire , running into the Palladium out of the flame , he lost his sight by venturing too far into the fire . Metempsychosis , ( Greek ) a Transmigration , or passing of the Soul out of one body into another . Meteor , ( from the Greek word Meteoros , i. high ) a certain imperfectly mixt body , consisting of vapours drawn up into the middle Region , whereof are ingendred Rain , Winds , Thunder , and Lightning . Meteorologie , ( Greek ) a discourse of Meteors . Meteoroscopie , that part of Astrology , which handleth the difference of Sublimities , and distance of Stars . Metheglin , ( in latin Mulsum ) a kinde of drink made of Herbs , Hony , Spice , &c. Methodical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Method , i. an orderly , or artificial disposing , or placing of things . Metiochus , the son of Alcibiades , he being taken by the Phaenicians , and brought a prisoner to Darius the King of Persia , against whom his father then made warre , was yet honourably received , the King bestowing upon him large possessions , and a wife named Persiba , by whom he had many Children . Metius Suffetius , Dictator of the Albans , who being bound by Covenant to aide Tullus Hostilius , King of the Romans , against the Fidenates , stood with his Army upon a Hill , to see the event of the battel , for which he was by the command of Hostilius , torn in pieces with wilde horses . Metonymie , ( Greek ) a Rhetorical figure , wherein there is a changing of one name for another , as of the cause for the effects , of the subject , for the adjuncts , and contrarily . Metope , ( a Term in Architecture ) the distance of space in a pillar , between the Denticles and Triglyph's . Metoposcopy , ( Greek ) the guessing at mens inclinations , as also the future events of men , by looking on their faces . Metrical , ( lat . ) belonging to Meeter , or verse . Metropolitan , belonging to a Metropolis , ( Greek ) i. the chief Citie of a Countrey , or Province , whence an Arch-bishop is called a Metropolitan Bishop , because his Sea is alwayes in the chief Citie . Mexico , a great and famous Citie of the Mexican Province in Nova Hispania , the Citie was the chief seat of Montezeuma , who was Lord of the new world . Mezentius , a King of the Thuscans , who with his son Lausus , assisting Turnus in the war against Aeneas , and the Trojans , they both fell by the hand of Aeneas himself . M I Miagrus , the God of flies , so called by Plautus , by others Myopes . Miasme , ( Greek ) a polluting , or defiling . Michael , ( Hebr. ) who is like God. St. Michaels Mount , a Rocky cliffe , or Promontory in Corn-wall , which John , Earle of Oxford fortified against King Edward the fourth , there is also a place so called in Normandy . Miche , to play the Truant , or hide ones self out of the way , from the French word Muser , i. to be idle , or the Dutch Micke , i. a wary looking about . Mickle , much , from the Saxon word Micel , or as some say from the Greek word Megale . Microcosme , ( Greek ) the body of man is commonly so called , being as it were a little world , see Macrocosme . Micrologie , ( Greek ) a discoursing about petty small affairs . Microscope , ( Greek ) a certain instrument whereby the full proportion of the smallest things may be discerned . Midas , a King of Phrygia , the son of Gordias a Cowheard , he having intertained Bacchus , and being bid to ask of him what ever he had a minde to , he desired that whatsoever he toucht ▪ might be turned into gold , which desire was immediately granted , and not onely every thing else he touched , but his meat also , before he could bring it to his mouth , was changed to gold , whereupon he being forced to request that he might be freed from that gift he was counselled to wash himself in Pactolus streams , which immediately became very bright with the glistering of the sands which were turned into gold , afterwards Pan having challenged Apollo to a musick duell ; Tmolus being chosen Judge , Midas being the onely man that gave the victory to Pan , was adjudged for his ignorance to have Asses ears grow to his head , which disgrace neverthelesse had been concealed , had not his Barber gone into a hollow place of the earth , and cried out Midas hath Asses ears , and soon after the reeds which grew in that place became vocal , and continually uttered the same words . Middleburgh , the chief City of Zealand . Midriffe , see Diaphragme . Migration , ( lat . ) a removing , or passing from place to place . Mile , such a space of ground in length onely , as containeth a thousand paces , or eight furlongs , every furlong containing 125 paces . Miles , the proper name of a man , in Latin Milo , from the grain called Milium , i. Millet , others make it a contraction from Michael . Miletus , the chief Ci●ie of Ionia , whose inhabitants the Milesii were accounted the potentest , and the richest people of all Asia ; it was originally called Anactoria , now Melazzo , also a Citie of Caria , built by Miletus the son of Apollo and Arg●a , or as some say , by Sarpendon the son of Jupiter , and the brother of Minos , and Rhadamanthus . Milfordhaven , a very commodious Haven in Pembroke-shire , where Henry Earle of Richmond landed , when by that famous battel at Bosworth , he won the Crown from Richard the third , this Haven hath sixteen Creeks , five Bay's , and thirteen Rodes . Militarie , ( lat . ) belonging to Souldiers or War. Millefoile ▪ ( in Lat. Millefolium ) a kind of Herb , otherwise called yarrow . Millenarians , see Chiliasts . Millet , in Latin Milium , in Greek Cenchros ) a kind of plant , so called from the multitude of small granes , or seeds which it beareth . Milo , a certain Crotonian of that vast strength , that at the Olympick games he carried an Oxe the space of a whole furlong , killed it with his fist , and afterwards eat it all himself in one day . Miltiades , a great Captain of the Athenians , who with 11000 Greeks overthrew 600000 Persians in the fields of Marathon , yet afterwards being accused of bribery , he was forced by the Athenians to die in Chains . A Mime , or Mimick , ( Greek ) a Jester , or one that counterfeits the gestures , or countenances of others , whence Mimical , Apish , or given to imitate . Minacity , ( lat . ) a menacing , or threatning . Minchings , an ancient word for those consecrated , whom we call Nuns . Mindbruch , ( a Saxon word ) a hurting of honour and worship . Mine , ( French ) the same as meen , the aspect , or garb of any person . Cleop. Mineralist , one skilfull in minerals , ( lat . ) i. metals , or any thing growing in mines . Minerva , the goddesse of wisdom , she is said to have been born without a mother , and to have sprung out of Jupiters head , she is reported also to have invented the liberal sciences , and to have found out the use of wool , about which a Lydian Virgin named Arachne , contesting with her , was overthrown and turned into a Spider , also to her is attributed the first finding out of the use of Oyl , she was called in Greek Athenaea , and from her the Citie of Athens took its denomination . Miniature , a drawing of pictures in little , which is many times done with Minium , i. red lead . A Minime , a certain quantity in musick , containing one time up , or down , from the Latin word Minimus , i. least , also Minime friars , are a certain order instituted by Fran. de Paul. A Minion , or Mignon , ( French ) one that is in highest credit and esteem with a great person , above any one besides , but especially in an amorous sence , it is also used adjectively for neat , spruice , polisht , or adorn'd . Minious , ( lat . ) of a red , or Vermilion colour . Ministery , ( lat . ) service , or charge in any imployment , but used more especially in a spiritual sence for the Priestly function . Miniver , see Meniv●r . The Minor , in a syllogisme the latter part , or assumption . Minoration , ( lat . ) a diminishing , or making lesse . Minority , ( lat . ) nonage , or being under age . Minos , a King of Creet the son of Jupiter , ( or as some say , of Xanthus ) and Europa , he having great wars with the Athenians and Megareans , because they slew his son Androgeus , had Megara delivered to him by the treachery of Scylla ; he intertained Daedalus an Athenian being banisht from his Country , who being an excellent Artist , made that famous Labyrinth into which the Minotaur was put ; But afterwards for making a wooden Heifer into which Pasiphae the wife of Minos being included , received the Bull again , by which she had formerly had the Minotaur , he was shut up into the Labyrinth himself , together with his son Icarus ; but he making waxen wings for himself and his son , fled away into Sicily , where he was stifled in a Bath by the daughter of King Crocalus , his son having melted his wings by the way , and fallen into the Sea , which was thence called the Icarian Sea. Minotaurus , the Monster which Pasiphae the wife of Minos brought forth , having had carnal copulation with a Bull , it had partly the form of a man , partly of a Bull : to this Monster the Athenians overcome by Minos , were bound by covenant to sent yearly seven of their noblest youths to be devoured ; but in the third year Theseus the son of Aegeus was sent to slay the Minotaur , which having done , he escaped with the help of Ariadne out of the Labyrinth by a clew of thread . Minouery , ( from the French word Main-ovre , i. handy-work ) is a trespasse committed by a mans handy-work in the Forrest , as an engine to catch Dear , &c. Minster , a Saxon word , signifying a Monastery . Mint , a certain herb , so called from Minthe the daughter of Cocytus , who being taken away with Proserpina by Pluto , was changed into a plant of the same name , also the place where the Kings coin is formed , which at present is at the Tower of London , but in ancient times it was at Caleis . Minute , ( lat . ) little , small , whence Minution , a diminishing , or making little , also a Minute is substantively used for a moment or the smallest part of time . † Mirabile , ( lat . ) wonderful , strange , to be admired . Miraculous , ( lat . ) the same . Mirmillions , ( lat . ) a sort of gladiators or sword-fighters . Mirour , or Mirrour , ( French ) a looking-glasse . Misanthropy , ( Greek ) a man-hateing , a flying the company of men . Mirach , the Girdle of Adromeday . Misaventure , in Common Law , is the killing of a man , partly by negligence , and partly by chance , as by throwing a stone carelessely , shooting an arrow , or the like . Misbode , ( old word ) wrong . Miscellanies , ( lat . ) a mixture of several things together , a collection of divers notions treating of different matters . Miscreant , ( French ) an Infidel , or unbeliever . Mise , a French word , signifying in an action of right or property , the point whereupon the parties proceed to trial , either by Assize or Battle , as issue is in an action personal . Misericordia , in Common Law , is an arbitrary punishment , very moderate , and rather lesse than the offence . Miskenning , is a changing of speech in Court. The Misne , or Misen-sail of a Ship , is that which is between the poop and the main-sail . Misogamy , ( Greek ) a hating or contempt of marriage . Misoginy , ( Greek ) a hating of women . Misprision , ( from the French word mespris ) signifieth in Common Law , a neglect or oversight , as a misprision of Felony , &c. is a neglect or light account had of Felony committed , by not revealing it , when we know it to be committed . To Misqueam , ( old word ) to displease . Missale , ( lat . ) a breviary or masse-book . Misseltoe , or Misseldin , ( in Dutch Mistel ) a certain plant which grows not upon the ground , but upon other trees , of which it is reported , that Thrushes eating the berries of this plant and afterwards sitting to roust all night , and shitting upon it , causeth it to bear bird-lime , whence cometh the Proverb , The Thrush shits her own sorrow . Missile , ( lat . ) a dart or arrow , also a term in Heraldry , being a mixture of several colours together . Mission , ( lat . ) a sending , it is also taken peculiarly for a power given by the Church of Rome , to go into other Countries and preach the Catholick Faith , and those that are thus sent , are called Missionaries , or fathers of the Mission . A letter Missive , ( lat . ) a letter which is sent from one friend to another . Mister , ( old word ) need , want . Mistery , ( French Mistier , Latin Magisterium ) a craft , trade , or occupation , but coming from Mysterium , it signifieth a secret or hidden businesse . Mithridates , a King of Pontus , who spake 22 Languages , he rebelling against the Romans was overcome by Sylla near Dardanus , and afterwards by Lucullus near Cyzicus , and flying to Tigranes King of Armenia he renewed the war , but at length was totally overthrown by Pompey , and besieged in his own Palace , where having in vain attempted to poison himself , he assisted Gallus the Executioner ( when his hand trembled ) in the murdering of himself . He was the first inventour of that excellent Antidote against infection and poison , called from his own name Mithridate . Mitigation . ( lat . ) a pacifying or asswaging . Mittins , ( in French Mitains ) certain winter gloves made of cloth or furs . Mittimus , a Justice of peace his warrant to send an offender to the Goale or prison . Mitylene , an ancient City of Lesbos , not far from Methymna : from this City the whole Island now takes its denomination . Mixen , ( old word from Meoxe , i. dung ) a dunghill . Mixture , ( lat . ) a mingling of several things together . Mizmor , ( Span. ) a Dungeon . M N Mnemosyne , a certain Nimph who being got with child by Jupiter , brought forth the nine Muses ; the word signifieth in Greek memory . Mnesteus , see Menesteus . M O Mobbi , a certain drink made of Potato roots , much used in the Island of Barbado's . Mobility , ( lat . ) moveablenesse , inconstancy . Modality , ( lat . ) a School-term , signifying the manner of a thing in the abstract . Modder , ( from the Dutch word Modde or Moddekin , i. a Maid or Virgin ) a young girle or wench . Moderation , ( lat . ) temperance , government , discretion . Moderatour , ( lat . ) a discreet governour , a decider of any controversie . Modern , ( lat . ) of late time . Modicum , ( lat . ) a little matter , a small pittance . Modification , ( lat . ) a qualifying , a setting a measure or limit to any thing . Modulation , ( lat . ) an exact singing , a keeping time and measure in singing . Mogontus , a certain heathen god , worshipped by the ancient Brittains in Northumberland , like as Bellotucardus in Cumberland , and Andates in Essex . Moguntia , a City of Germany , now called Mentz : the Arch-Bishop of this place is one of the three spiritual Electors of the Empire . Moiles , ( in Latin Mallei ) a kind of highsoaled-shooes worn in ancient times by Kings and great persons . Moitie , ( French ) the half part of any thing . Mokel , ( Sax. ) bignesse . Molar , ( lat . ) belonging to a Mill , whence the molar-teeth are those five most extreme teeth on either side of the mouth both above and beneath , which are called Grinders . Molendinarius , ( lat . ) belonging to a Mill. Molestation , ( lat . ) a vexing , a troubleing . Moliminous , ( lat . ) requiring strength , force , stresse , or indeavour . Molition , ( lat . ) a trying , endeavouring , or attempting . Mollification , ( lat . ) a making soft or tender . Mollitude , ( lat . ) softnesse , tendernesse , effeminatenesse . Mollock , or Meore , ( old word ) dirt , dung , excrement . Molochite , see Malachite . Moly , a certain herb of very great vertue , mentioned by Homer . Momus , a certain deity among the Ancients , reputed the god of carping and reprehension , he is feigned by the Poets to have been born of Nox and Somnus , and that his whole businesse was to reprehend and carp at all the other gods . Mona , see Anglesey . Monachal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Monk. Monarchy , ( Greek ) the government of a Common-wealth by a Monarch or one man alone . Monas , ( Greek ) the number one . Monasterial , ( lat . ) belonging to Monasteries , i. solitary places where Monks live : it comes from the Greek word Monos , i. alone . A Mond , a ball of Gold , being one of the Ensigns of an Emperour , who challengeth a kind of right to the whole World. Monedule , ( lat . ) a jackdaw . Monmouth , the chief Town of Monmouthshire , called in the Brittish tongue Mongwy , because it is seated at the confluence of the Rivers Munow and Wye . This Town is famous for the birth of King Henry the fifth , and of Geffry ap Arthur Bishop of Asaph , the compiler of the ancient Brittish Story . Moneth , ( Sax. Monad , Dutch Maendt , from Maene , i. the Moon ) the space of 28 dayes , in which time the Moon compleateth her circle . There are four sorts of moneths . First a moneth of Apparition , i. the space of 26 dayes and 12 hours , wherein the Moon appears , the other three days being deducted wherein it is obscured by the Sun. Secondly Medical or Decretorial , i. the space of 26 days and 22 hours , Thirdly of Consecution or Progression , i. the space of one conjunction of the Moon with the Sun , and the other being 29 dayes and a half . Fourthly of Peragration , i. the space of the Moons revolution from any part of the Zodiack unto the same again , being 27 dayes and 8 hours . Monger , or Manger , a Saxon word anciently used for a Merchant , whence Woodmonger , &c. i. a Woodmerchant . Moniers , a word anciently used for ministers of the Mint , coiners of money . Monition , ( lat . ) an admonishing , or giving warning . Monkeshood , a kind of flower called in Latin Consolida Regalis . Monoceros , ( Greek ) a Unicorn , or beast having but one horn . Monocular , ( lat . ) having but one eye . Monodical , ( Greek ) belonging to Monody , i. a kind of Funeral-song , wherein one sings alone . Monogamy , ( Greek ) a single marriage , a having but one wife or one husband . Monogram , ( Greek ) a writing or sentence , consisting of one line or verse . Monology , ( Greek ) a talking alone , a discourse held by one man onely . Monomachy , ( Greek ) a single combate , or fighting of one couple onely hand to hand . Monophagy , ( Greek ) an eating alone , or of one kind of meat . Monopoly , ( Greek ) the ingrossing of any saleable commodity by one man , that no body can gain by them but himself . A Monops , ( Greek ) a kind of beast of Paeonia , otherwise called a Bonasus , which voideth a kind of sharp and fiery ordure deadly to whomsoever it lights upon . Monoptote , ( Greek ) a term in Grammar , being a Noun that hath but one Case . Monostick , ( Greek ) a sentence consisting onely of one single verse . A Monosyllable , ( Greek ) a word consisting onely of one syllable . Monothelites , ( Greek ) a sort of Hereticks living in the year 640 , who held that there was but one will in Christ. Monstrosity , ( lat . ) monstrousnesse , that which is beyond the ordinary course of nature . Montanists , a sort of Hereticks , so called from their first Author Montanus ; they held that the Holy Ghost was not given to the Apostles , but to themselves . Montanous , ( lat . ) full of mountains , belonging to a mountain . Montchensy , a great sirname in Kent and Suffolk , stiled in Latin records de Monte Canisio . Montefiasco , a sort of rich wine made at Montefiascone a City in Italy . Montera , ( Span. ) a kind of cap used by Hunters and Seamen . Monticulous , ( lat . ) full of Monticles , i. little mountains or hillocks . Montivagous , ( lat . ) wandering up and down the hills and mountains . Montfichet , a name of great note , stiled in the Latin records , de Monte Fixo . Montgomery , the chief City of Montgomeryshire , so named from Roger de Montgomery Earle of Shrewsbury who built the Castle . It is called in Latin Mons Gomericus . Monument , ( lat . from the verb M●nere , i. to admonish ) a memorial of any famous person or action , by Sepulchre , Statue , Pillar , or the like . Monychus , the name of one of the Centaurs , whose strength was such , that he could pull up the strongest trees by the roots , and use them instead of darts . Monyma , the wife of King Mithridates , who when her husband was overthrown , attempted to have strangled her self by tying her Diadem to her neck , but the rope breaking , she cursed her Diadem , as being neither useful in prosperity , nor adversity , and delivered her self up to an Eunuch to be slain . To Moor a ship , a term in Navigation , to lay out her Anchors , as is most fit for the Ship to ride by in that place where she is . Moorland , a part of Staffordshire , so called from certain barren places thereabout which have been anciently called Moores . To Moot , ( from the French word Mot , i. a word , or the Dutch ghe-moet , i. a meeting together ) a term used in the Innes of Court , and signifieth to handle a case in Law , and those that handle these cases are called Mootmen , who after 7 or 8 years study , are chosen Utterbaristers . Moral , ( lat . ) pertaining to manners or civility , also the moral of a fable is used substantively for the application of it to mens lives and manners ; whence to moralize , is to give the moral sense or interpretation of any thing . Moration , ( lat . ) a tarrying or staying . Moravia , a Country of Germany , anciently called Marcomannia , it is now joyned to the Kingdom of Bohemia . Morbidezza , ( Ital. ) tendernesse , effeminacy . Morbi●ical , ( lat . ) causing sicknesse , bringing diseases . Mordacity , ( lat . ) bitingnesse , sharpnesse , also bitternesse of speech , taunting terms . Mordication , ( lat . ) a biting or fastning the teeth deep into any thing . Moresk work , ( French ) a kind of antick work in painting or carving , wherein there is a wild resemblance of birds , beasts , trees , &c. intermingled . Morgan , a proper name of a man , signifying in the ancient Brittish tongue , as much as Seaman . Morglay , ( from the French words Mort , i. death , and Glaive , i. a sword ) a mortal or deadly sword . Moris , a proper name , in Latin Mauritius , from Maurus a Moor. the most famous man of this name was St. Morice , a Commander in the Theban Region , martyred for the Christian Faith under Maximianus . Morigeration , ( lat . ) as it were a bearing manners , an obeying , a yeilding obedience . Morion , ( Ital. ) a steel-cap or head-piece . Morisco , ( Span. ) a Moor , also a kind of Dance which seemeth to be the same with that which the Greeks call Pyrricha , we vulgarly call it the Morris Dance , as it were the Moorish Dance . Morkin , ( a term in Hunting ) a Deer that dies by mischance or sicknesse . Morling , or Mortling , the wool which is taken from the skin of a dead sheep . Morology , ( Greek ) foolish speaking , talking like a fool . Morosity , ( lat . ) peevishnesse , frowardnesse , waywardnesse . Morphew , a kind of white scurfe upon the body , from the French word Mort-feu , i. dead fire , because it lookes like the white sparkes that fall from a brand extinguished . Morpheus , the minister of sleep , used also metaphorically for sleep it self . Morta , the name of one of the three Destinies according to the Latins . See Parcae . Mortal , ( lat . ) deadly , bringing death . Mort d' ancester , is a Writ that lieth where a mans father , mother , brother , or Uncle die seised of land , and a stranger abateth or entreth the land . Mortgage , ( French ) a pawn of land or goods , bound for money borrowed to be the Creditours for ever , if the money be not repaied at the time agreed on . Mortiferous , ( lat . ) bringing death . Mortification , ( lat . ) as it were a making dead , a quelling or subduing , but it is peculiarly used in Divinity for an humbling or bringing down the flesh by fasting and prayer . A Mortise , ( French ) a term in Carpenters work , being a fastning a piece of wood as it were by biting into another piece . Mortmain , ( French ) signifying a dead hand ) is in Common-law an Alienation of Lands , or Tenements to any Corporation , or Fraternity , and their Successours with the Licence of the King and the Lord of the Mannour . Mortresse , a kinde of made dish of meat consisting of several ingredients . A Mortuarie , ( lat . ) a Funeral , a burying place , also a gift left by a man at his death to his Parish in recompence of his Tythes not duely paid in his life time . Mosaical , Musaique , or Musive work , a kinde of curious work in Architecture , consisting of small inlayed pieces of stone , glasse , sundry coloured shells , or other materials . Moscovia , a large Countrey of Europe , otherwise called Russia , bordering upon Tartary , it is governed by the great Duke of Muscovie , called also Emperour of R●ssia . Moses , ( Hebr. ) drawn up . A Mosque , the same as Meskite . A Mosstick , a word used in painting , being a round stick about a yard long , which the Artist doth rest upon when he paints . Mot , or Motto , ( French and Italian ) an Emblem , Impresse , or devise , as it were a a short sentence comprised in a word , also a certain note which hunts-men wind on their horn . Motet , ( French ) a verse in Musick , a stanza of a song , also a short posie . Mouch , ( old word ) to eat up . Mougnon , ( French ) the brawny part of the arm , also the brassel , or that part of a Coat of Armour , which covereth the Arms. Mound , q. Munimentum , a Fence , or Hedge . Mounster , a Province in Ireland , containing these following Counties , Kerry , Desmond , Kork , Waterford , Limmerick , Tipperary . Mountain of piety , a certain stock , or bank of money , which used to be raised out of voluntary contributions , and treasured up to be lent upon occasion to poor people , who were ruined by the usury and extortion of the Jews . Mountebank , ( from the Italian word Montimbanco , because he monts upon some high bench or form ) a Drugseller , or one that buys Drugs of Apothecaries , and by much boasting of their vertues , sells them again for choice Medecins . He is called in French Charlatan , from his great talking and bragging . A Mowe , ( from the French Amas , i. ● heap ) a pile or stack of corn or hay . M U Mucilaginous , or Mucculent , ( lat . ) full of snotty or slimy substance . Mucidity , or Mucour , ( lat . ) mouldiness , hoarinesse , filthinesse . A Muefor Hawks , a kind of cage or aviary where Hawks are kept when they change their feathers , it comes from the from the French word Muer , to change , whence that place called the Mues near Charing-crosse came to be so called , it having been anciently appointed for the keeping of the Kings Hawks . Mufti , the chief Priest among the Turks , who is created by the Emperour himself . Mugwort , a kind of herb , which being carried about a man , taketh away wearinesse ; it is called in Latin Artemisia , from Artemisia the Queen of Caria , or from Artemis , i. Diana . Mulato , ( Span. ) one whose father is a Blackmore , and his mother of another nation or contrarily . Mulct , ( lat . ) a fine , penalty , or amerciament . Muleto , ( Ital. ) a beast called a Moile or great Mule , made use of in some parts for the carrying of Sumpters . Muliebrity , ( lat . ) womanishnesse , softnesse , effeminacy . Mulier , in Common Law , is a word taken contradistinct to a bastard , as if a man have a son by a woman before marriage , and then marrying the mother of that son who is called a bastard , have another son , this second son is called Mulier , and being compared together , they have this addition , Bastard eldest , and Mulier youngest ; but the most proper signification of Mulier is a woman that hath had the company of man. Mullar , ( in French Mulleur ) the upper stone wherewith Painters use to grind their colours . Mullet , ( in Latin Mullus ) a kind of fish called a Barbel , also a term in Heraldry , being like a spot falling from above , and divided into five ends . Mulse , ( lat . ) a kind of wine mingled with honey . Multifarious , ( lat . ) of divers sorts , divided into many parts . Multifidous , ( lat . ) having divers slits , cleft into several parts . Multiformity , ( lat . ) a having divers forms , or shapes . Multiloquous , ( lat . ) talking much , of many words . Multiparous , ( lat . ) bringing forth many young ones at a birth . Multiplicious , ( lat . ) manifold , consisting of divers wayes or things . Multiplication , ( lat . ) an increasing , a making much or many . Multipotent , ( lat . ) having much power , able to do much . Multiscious , ( lat . ) having much skill , or knowledge . Multisonant , ( lat . ) sounding much , making much noise . Multivagant , ( lat . ) straying , or wandering much . Multure , in Common Law , is a toll that a miller taketh for grinding of corn . Mumme , a kind of Dutch Beer made originally at Brunswick . Mummery , ( French ) a personating of any one in a mask . Mummy , ( lat . ) a kind of pitchy substance arising from the moisture which is sweat out of dead bodies that have been embalmed with divers sorts of spices , and is called in Greek Pissasphaltus . Muncerians , a sort of Anabaptists that made a great insurrection in Germany , so called from their Ringleader Muncer . Mundane , ( lat . ) worldly , belonging to the world . Mundification , ( lat . ) a making clean , purging , or purifying . Muneration , ( lat . ) a recompencing , or rewarding . Municipal , ( lat . ) injoying a freedom , or the right of a free City . Munificence , ( lat . ) bountifulnesse , liberality . Muniment , ( lat . ) a Fence or Fortress , also a house of Strength where the Deeds or Plate of a Colledge are kept . Munite , ( lat . ) fenced , made strong . Munkseam , ( a term in Navigation ) a kind of sowing the canvasses of sails the edge of the one over the edge of the other . Murage , ( lat . ) a toll to be levyed for the building or repairing of publick walls . Mural , ( lat . ) belonging to a wall . Mural Crown , a Crown which among the ancient Romans was given to him who first scaled the walls of an enemies City . Murder , in Common Law , is a wilful and felonious killing of any man upon premeditated malice . Murengers , certain officers in Westchester that look to the City walls . Muricide , ( lat . ) a mouse-killer , a cowardly fellow . Muriel , the Christian name of divers women , from the Greek Myron , i. sweet ointment . Muring , a term in Architecture , the raising of walls . Murrain , ( from the Greek word Maraino ) a kind of rot or consuming disease among cattel . Murnival , ( French ) the number 4. Murray , a Country in the North part of Scotland , called in Latin Moravia . A Murrey colour , ( from the Greek word Maurus ) a dusky , blackish , or dun colour . Musach cassa , a certain chest in the Temple of Jerusalem , wherein Kings were wont to cast their offerings . Musaph , a certain book containing the Laws of the Turks . Muscadel wine , ( French ) a sort of wine brought from the Island of Candy , having a sweet odour like to that of Musk. Mus●hamp , a name formerly of great note in Northumberland , stiled in Latin records , de Musko Campo . Muscheto , a kind of Insect so called , somewhat resembling a gnat . Mussack , a kind of drink , much in use among the Chineses . Muscous , ( lat . ) mossy , or full of mosse . Musculous , ( lat . ) belonging to , or full of Muscles , i. certain organick parts of the body being of a fleshy and tendinous substance , and interlac't with filaments and little veines and arteries , and serving as the instruments of motion to every part . Musen , a term among Hunters , is when a Stag or male Deer casts his head . Muses , the 9 daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne , born in the Country of Pieria ( whence they are called Pierides ) and inhabiting Helicon a hill of Boeotia , they were accounted the goddesses of Musick and Poetry , and the rest of the ingenuous Arts and Sciences , their names were Calliope , Clio , Erato , Thalia , Melpomene , Terpsichore , Euterpe , Polyhymnia , and Vrania . Musive , see Mosaical . Musket , the tassel or male of a sparrow-Hawk . Muskinne , a kind of bird otherwise called a finch , in Latin fringillago . Musmon , the name of a certain beast resembling partly a sheep , partly a goat . Mussitation , ( lat . ) a muttring or speaking between the teeth Mussulmans , or Mulsulmans , an Arabick word , signifying a people faithful in their Religion , being an attribute which the Turks or Mahumetans arrogate to themselves . Must , ( lat . ) wine newly pressed from the grape . Mustache , or Mustachio , ( French from the Greek word Mystax ) the beard of the upper-lip . Mustaphis , certain Prophets or Learned men among the Turks . Musteline , ( lat . ) belonging to a weasel . Mustriche , a Shoomakers last . Mutability , ( lat . ) changeablenesse , inconstancy . Mutation , ( lat . ) a changing . Mute , ( lat . ) dumbe , speechlesse , also Mutes , used substantively for those consonants which have no sound of a vowel before them ; also certain Executioners among the Turks appointed to strangle offenders , are called Mutes . Also a Hawk is said to mute , not to dung . Mutilation , ( lat . ) a maiming or curtailing of any thing . Q. Mutius , a stout Roman , who in the war with Porsenna King of the Hetrurians went into the enemies Camp with an intent to have killed the King ; but being taken and threatned with extraordinary punishments , he thrust his right hand into the fire and burnt it off , to shew his contempt of torments ; whence he was called Scaevola , and telling Porsenna , that 300 youths had in like manner conspired against him , he was so terrified that immediately he made a peace with the Romans . Mutual , ( lat . ) passing between two , interchangeable . M Y Myriad , ( Greek ) the number of ten thousand . Myrmidons , a certain people of Thessaly , who went under the conduct of Achilles to the wars of Troy. They were so called from Myrmidon an ancient King of Thessaly the son of Jupiter and the Nimph Corymosa , or else from a certain Virgin called Myrmice , who for contemning Ceres , was changed into an Ant , from which there springing up a multitude of Ants , they were by the prayers of Aeacus , when Thessaly was almost depopulated , changed into men . Myrobalanes , a sort of medicinal fruit , by some called Egyptian acorns , of which there are five sorts , Bellerick , Chebule , Citrine , Emblick , and Indian . Myropolist , ( Greek ) a seller of ointments or sweet oiles . Myrrha , the daughter of Cynaras King of Cyprus , who by the help of her Nurse coming to lie with her father , was got with child by him , and brought forth Adonis the Paramour of Venus , but Cynaras afterwards being sensible of what was done , would have slain her with his sword , whereupon she fled into Arabia Felix and was changed into a Tree of her own name , from which there distilleth a sweet aromatick Gum called also Myrrhe . Myrrhine , ( lat . ) belonging to myrrhe , made of myrrhe . Myrsilus , the son of Myrsus , a King of Lydia , called also Candaules the last of the race of the Heraclidae . See Candaules . Myrtilus , the son of Mercury and Phaethusa , he was the Chariot-driver of Oenomaus , who being to run a race with Pelops Myrtilus being promised a great reward , loosened the axeltree so , that the Chariot being overturned Oenomaus fell out and broke his neck , but before he died , he intreated Pelops to revenge his death ; whereupon when Myrtilus came to demand his reward , he was thrown into that Sea which from thence was called Mare Myrtoum , now Mar de Mandria . Myrtle , a kind of low tree which beareth a little blackish leaf of a very fragrant scent , and groweth onely in hot Countries ; this tree was by the ancients acounted sacred to Venus . Mysia , a Country of Asia the Lesse , anciently divided into Higher Mysia and Lower Mysia , it containeth those Countries which are now called Servia , Bulgaria , and Wallachia . Mystagogical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Mystagogue , i. e. he that interprets Divine mysteries or ceremonies , also he that hath the keeping of Church relicks , and shewing them to strangers . Mysteriarch , ( Greek ) a chief overseer of sacred mysteries . Mystical , ( Greek ) mysterious , secret , hidden . Mithology , ( Greek ) a discourse and exposition of fables . N A NAam ( from the Dutch word Memmen , i. to nim or take hold on ) in Common Law is the taking of anothers moveable goods , which if it be by reasonable distresse proportionable to the value of the thing distrained for , it is called lawful Naam . Nacre , ( French ) mother of pearle . Nadir , an Arabick word oft used in Astronomy , signifying that point of heaven directly under our feet , and opposite to the Zenith . Naenia , ( lat . ) Funeral-songs , Funeral-prayers or praises . Naiades , the Nimphs of Rivers and Fountains , from the Greek word Nao , i. to flow . Naiant , ( French ) swimming or floating , a term in Heraldry . Naif , ( French ) a term in Jewelling and is spoken of a Diamond or other Stone , which looketh quick and natural , and hath all its properties as in water , cleannesse , &c. Nantwich , a Town in Cheshire , famous for the pits of brine or salt water , which are called Wiches ; it was named by the ancient Brittains Hellath Wen , i. the white Wich or Salt pit ; and by Latin Writers Vicus Malbanus , perhaps from one William Malbedeng or Malbanc , anciently Lord thereof . Napaeae , the Nimphs of the woods and mountains , from the Greek word Nape , i. a wood . Napthe , ( lat . ) a kind of sulphureous substance , called Median oile , or Babylonish bitumen . Narcissus , a youth of great beauty , the son of Cephisus and Liriope , of whom the Prophet Tyresias foretold that he should live so long as he should abstain from beholding himself ; he being beloved of many Nimphs and especially of Echo , was insensible to all their loves , & at length coming to drink of a clear Fountain , and beholding his image in the water , he fell in love with it , and seeing no hopes of injoying it , he pined away for grief and was changed into a Flower of the same name , vulgarly called a white Daffadilly , and Echo seeing her self despised likewise , pined away , and was changed into a voice . Also the name of a Bishop of Jerusalem , who when oil was wanting at Divine service for the Lamps , by his prayers turned water into oil . Narcotique , ( Greek ) of a stupefying and benumming quality , whence divers things which are used in physick to that end , are called Narcotic Medicines . Nares , a term in Faulconry , the holes in the Hawks beake . A Narration , or Narrative , ( lat . ) a report , discourse , or relation of any thing . Narses , an Eunuch who being General of the Emperour Justinians Army in Italy , after Belizarius performed very great service against the Goths , but at last being affronted by Sophia the Empresse , he called in the Lombards into Italy . † Nasicornous , a made word which signifieth having a horn upon the nose , from the Latin Nasus , i. a nose , and Cornu , i. a horn . Natalitious , ( lat . ) belonging to ones nativity or birth-day . Natation , ( lat . ) a swimming . Nathaniel , a proper name , signifying in Hebr. the gift of God. Nativity , ( lat . ) the birth , or first entrance into the World. Nativo habendo , a Writ for the apprehending and restoring to a Lord his villain claimed as his inheritance , who in Common Law is called Nief . Naturalist , ( lat . ) one that understandeth natural causes , a natural Philosopher . Naturalization , ( lat . ) an admitting of strangers into the number of Natural Subjects . Naval , ( lat . ) belonging to a Ship or Navy . To Naucifie , ( lat . ) to set at naught . The Nave of a wheele , the middle , or that part into which axeltree is put . Naufrage , ( lat . ) shipwrack , losse at sea . See Wreck . Navicular , ( lat . ) belonging to ships . Navigable , ( lat . ) passable by ships . Navigation , ( lat . ) a sailing , also the Art of Seafaring , the knowledge of Sea-affairs . Navity , ( lat . ) diligence , stirringnesse . Naulage , ( French ) the fraight or passage money for going over the Sea , or any River . Naumachy , ( Greek ) a fighting at sea , a sea ▪ battle . Nauplius , the son of Neptune and Amymone the daughter of Danaus , he was King of Eubaea , and father of Palamedes , who being by the means of Vlisses stoned to death , Nauplius in revenge made a great fire upon the Mountain Caphareus , which the Greek Navy taking to be the light of some near Harbour , sailed so near , that they were cast away upon the rocks . Nauseous , or Nauseative , ( lat . ) going against ones stomack , making one ready to vomit . Nausicae , the daughter of Alcinous and Arete , she going out of the City one night with her maid-servants to bath her , met with Vlisses who was shipwrack't upon that shore and almost naked , whom she brought to her fathers Palace , gave him cloths , and entertained him with a great deal of respect . Naustible , ( lat . ) a Haven for ships . Nautical , or Nautic , ( lat . ) belonging to Mariners or to Ships . Naxos , one of the Cyclades , Islands in the Aegean , anciently called Strongyle and Dia ; in this Island Ariadne being left by Theseus , married Bacchus . Nazal , ( French ) the nose-piece of a Helmet . N●zarites , ( Hebr. ) a sort of Jews who separated themselves from all others , and vowed themselves to God for a certain time , in which they abstained from wine and suffered their hair to grow , also the Disciples were called Nazarites , from Nazareth the place where Christ was born . N E Neades , a certain kind of beast , whose bones are of a miraculous greatnesse . Neaera , the name of a very fair Nimph , who being got with child by Phaebus , brought forth two daughters , Lampetia and Phaethusa , who kept the flocks of their father the Sun in Sicily , many of which were killed by the companions of Vlisses , for which they were cast away at sea . Neale-too , in Navigation , is when it is deep water close to the shore . Neapolis , the City of Naples situate in Campania in Italy , upon the Mediterranean Sea-side ; it was built first of all by the Citizens of Cuma and called Parthenope , from the name of one of the Syrens who was there buried , afterwards it was destroyed , then rebuilt and called Neapolis , which in Greek signifieth the new City ; from this City the Kingdom of Naples takes its denomination , containing all those Countries of Italy which are called Campania , Apulia , Lucania , Magna Graecia , and part of Latium . Neap-tides , those smaller tides which happen 7 dayes after the change , and 7 dayes after the full of the Moon , whereas the greater tides which happen 7 dayes before the change and full , are called Spring-tides . Neat , ( from the Dutch Nieten , i. to but ) an Oxe , Cow , or Stear . Nebule , a term in Heraldry , bearing a representation of the clouds . Nebulous , ( lat . ) misty , foggy , cloudy . Necromancy , ( Greek ) a divination by calling up deceased bodies , also the black art , or any kinde of conjuration by dealing with the Devil , or evil spirits . Nectarean , ( Greek ) pleasant , immortal ; from Nectar , i. a certain pleasant drink which the Poets faign to have been the drink of the Gods , and that whosoever drunk of it would become immortal . Nefandous , ( lat . ) hainous , horrible , not to be mentioned . Nefarious , ( lat . ) very wicked , abominable . Negative , ( lat . ) denying , or gainsaying . Negative pregnant , in Common-law , is when a man being impleaded to have done a thing upon such a day denies that he did it after the manner and form declared . Negotiation , ( lat . ) a merchandizing , trafficking , or mannaging of affairs . Negro , ( Ital. ) a black-more . Neif , see Nativo habendo . Nemoea , a certain wooddy Countrey of Achaia , between Cleonae and Phlius , here it was that Hercules slew a Lyon of a Monstrous bignesse , which from the place was called the Nemae●n Lyon , in remembrance of which exploit he instituted certain games , called also Nemaean games . Nemesis , the goddesse of reward and revenge , and the daughter of Jupiter and Necessity , she was also called Adrastia and Rhamnusia , and placed by the Aegyptians above the Moon . Nemoral , or Nemorous , ( lat . ) belonging to woods , wooddy , shaded with trees . Nenuphar , ( Arab. ) a certain flower commonly called a water-lilly . Neogamist , ( Greek ) one newly married . Neophyte , ( Greek ) a plant newly set or planted , also metaphorically one newly entred into any profession , or one newly converted to the Faith. Neoterical , or Neoterique , ( Greek ) new or of a late time . Nepenthe , a certain herb ( mentioned by Pliny ) which being put into wine , expeleth sadnesse . Some think it to be the same with Buglosse . Nephglian Crookhorn , is Aries . Nephritick , ( Greek ) troubled with a disease which causeth a pain in the reines of the back . Nepotation , ( lat . ) riotousnesse or luxury . Neptune , the son of Saturn and Ops , in the division of the world among Saturns sons , the Empire of the Sea fell to him by lot . Nereides , the Nimphs of the Sea , the daughters of Nereus and Doris , among whom was Amphitrite the wife of Neptune . Domitius Nero , one of the ancient Roman Emperours , who killed his mother Agrippina , his wife Octavia , the Poet Lucan , and Seneca his master . Nerve , ( lat . ) a sinew , also by metaphor , force , or strength of body . Nervosity , ( lat . ) a being full of Nerves or Sinews , i. certain organick parts of the body , which cause strength and motion ; it is also metaphorically taken for strength or vigour . Nescious or Nescient , ( lat . ) ignorant or not knowing . Nesh , ( old word ) tender . Nessus , one of the Centaurs whom Ixion begat upon a cloud formed into the likenesse of Juno , he was slain by Hercules for attempting to ravish his wife Deianira . Nestor , the son of Neleus and Chloris , he came with 50 ships along with the Grecian Army to the wars of Troy , and was famous for his prudence and eloquence , and the great age he lived to . Nestorians , a sort of Hereticks , so called from Nestorius , their first founder , their chief tenet was , that there were two persons as well as two natures in Christ. Nettings , ( a term in Navigation ) those small ropes which are ceased together with roap yarnes , in the form of a Net with Mashes . Nevin , a Town in Caernarvonshire , where in the year 1284. the Nobles of England triumphed over the Welsh with solemne Justs and Turnaments , wherewith they celebrated the memory of King Arthur . Nevosity , ( lat . ) fulnesse of Warts , or Moles . Neustria , a region of Gallia Celtica , vulgarly called Westrich . Neutral , ( lat . ) indifferent inclining to neither side . Newark , a pleasant Town , seated upon the River Trent in Nottinghamshire , it is so called as it were , the new work , from a stately Castle , built in King Stephens time , by Alexander Bishop of Lincoln . In this Town King John ended his dayes . Newcastle , a noted Town in Northumberland , situate upon the River Tine , which maketh a very commodious Haven for ships : It derived this name from the new Castle built by Robert son to William the Conquerour . Some think it to have been that Town which was anciently called Gabrosentum . Newcolledge , a Colledge in the University of Oxford , built by William Wickam , Bishop of Winchester . Newyears-gift , a gift presented to friends or great persons the first day of January , a custom derived from the ancient Romans who used to offer Presents to the Emperors in the Capitol though they were absent . In Italy it is the custom for the greatest persons to give to the meanest , whereas here the meanest give to the greatest . Nexible , ( lat . ) easie to be knit . N I Nias hawk , ( a term in Faulconry ) a Hawk newly taken out of the nest , and not able to prey for her self ; also metaphorically taken for a Novice . Nicaea , a City of Bithynia , famous for the great Synod or Council which was kept there by the appointment of Constantine the Great , consisting of 318 Bishops . Nicia , a Christian name of women , in Greek Victorious . Nicias , an Athenian Captain , who together with Demosthenes being sent against the Syracusians , was repulsed with a very great overthrow by Gylippus the Lacedemonian who was sent to aid the Syracusians . Niches , or Ni●es , a term in Architecture , the hollow places in a wall wherein Statues or Images are set . Nicholas , ( Greek ) Victorious over the people . Nicholaitans , a sort of Hereticks who held it lawful to have their wives in common , so called from Nicholas of Antioch , who was created by the Apostles , one of the 7 Deacons . Nicomedia , a City of Bithynia , wherein Constantine the Great died , having in his sicknesse been baptized by Eusebius Bishop of this City , a maintainer of the Arrian Heresie ; it was anciently built by King Nicomedes , and is at this day called Nichor . Nicodemites , a sort of Hereticks in Switzerland , so called from their imitation of Nicodemus , who made profession of his faith in private . Nicopolis , ( as it were the City of Victory ) a City of Epirus , so called from the great Battle at Actium ( which is near this City ) where Augustus overcame M. Antony and Cleopatra : It is now vulgarly called Gallipoly . Nicostrata , the mother of Euander , she was otherwise called Carmenta . Nicotian , a certain plant vulgarly called Tobacco , it was called Nicotian from one I. Nicot , who first brought it from France into Portugal . Nictation , ( lat . ) a twinkling with the eyes . Nidgeries , ( French ) trifles , fooleries . Nidification , ( lat . ) a building of a birds nest . A Niding , an old English word , signifying a base-hearted fellow , a coward . Nidisdale , a Country in the south part of Scotland , q. the dale upon the River Nid . Nidulation , ( lat . ) the same as Nidification . Nief , see Neif . Nightertaile , ( Saxon ) by night . Nigrefaction , ( lat . ) a making black . Nihil dicit , in Common Law , is a failing to put in an answer to the plea of the Plaintiff by the day assigned , whereupon judgement passeth against him as saying nothing . Nil , the sparkles that fly from mettals tryed in a furnace : it is called in Greek Pompholyx or Spodium . Nilling , ( old word ) unwilling . Nilus , a River running through the midst of Aegypt and Aethiopia , counted the chiefest and the father of all other Rivers , and as some say , taketh its name from Nilus an ancient King of Aegypt . This River is famous for overflowing the Country every year , and making the soil fruitful , and for falling into the Sea within seven mouths in he figure of a Greek Δ. Nimbiferous , ( lat . ) bringing tempests or stormy showers . Nimbot , ( French ) a dandiprat , a dwarf . Nimious , ( lat . ) excessive , overmuch . Ninus , an ancient King of the Assyrians the son of Jupiter Belus , he very much enlarged the Assyrian Empire , overcame Barzanes King of the Armenians , Pharus King of the Medes , Zoroaster the King of the Bactrians , the first inventour of Magick , and Sabarius King of the Sagae , at length he was secretly made away by his wife Semiramis , ( whom he had taken from Menon the Prefect of Syria ) who conspiring against his life succeeded him in the Kingdom . Niobe , the daughter of Tantalus and sister of Pelops , she was married to Amphion , and by him had 6 sons and 6 daughters , whom Juno prevailed with Apollo to kill with his Bow and Arrows , because their mother had adventured to preferre her self above the goddesse , and Niobe her self while she was railing against Juno was carried by a whirlewind into Asia , and there changed into a stone . Niphates , a Hill parting Armenia the greater from Assyria , from this Hill the River Tigris springs . Niseus , a Tyrant of Syracuse , who being admonish't by the Augurs that he had but a short while to live , spent the remainder of his life in excesse of luxury , and revelling . Nisi prius , a Writ judicial that lieth where the Enquest is panelled and returned before the Justices of the bank , the one party , or the other making petition to have this Writ for the ease of the Countrey . Nisus , a King of the Megarenses , against whom war was made by Minos , a King of Crete , to revenge the death of his sonne Androgeus , who was slain by the Megarenses and Athenians , conspiring together ; at length Megara was taken by the treachery of Scylla , who for the love of Minos cut off her fathers purple Lock on which depended the fate of his life and Kingdom , whereupon Nisus pined away for grief , and was changed into a Hawk , and Scylla seeing her self despised of Minos pined away also , and was changed into a Partridge . Nitidity , or Nitour , ( lat . ) cleannesse , gaynesse , brightnesse . Nitrous , ( lat . ) full of , or savouring of Nitre , i. a kinde of substance like unto Salt , somewhat spongy , and full of holes , it a little resembleth Salt peter , but is not the same as some suppose it to be . Niveous , ( lat . ) snowy , white , like unto snow . Nixii , certain gods among the Romans , who were said to be assisting to women in Childbirth . Nixus , one of the heavenly constellations , resembling Hercules with his knee bent , and indeavouring to strike at the Dragons head ; it is also called Ingeniculum , in Greek Engonasin . N O Nobilitation , ( lat . ) an enobling , or making noble . Noblesse , ( French ) nobility , generosity , both of bloud and of minde . Nocent , or Nocive , ( lat . ) hurtfull , injurious , or doing harm . Noctiferous , ( lat . ) bringing night , or darknesse . Noctivagant , ( lat . ) night-wandring , walking by night . Nocturnal , ( lat . ) belonging to the night time , nightly ; also a Nocturnal is substantively taken for a night Dial. Nocturnes , certain Prayers , or Psalms , appointed by the Church to be read in the night time . Nocument , ( lat . ) hurt , damage , or harm . Nocuous , ( lat . ) harmfull , doing hurt . Nodinus , a certain God among the Romans , being overseer of the knots and joints in the stalks of Corn. Nodous , ( lat . ) full of knots , knobs , or joynts . Noel , ( French ) the time of Christs Nativity , vulgarly called Christmas . Noli me tangere , a kinde of Herb whose seed spurts away as soon as it is touch't ; also a disease so called wherein the part affected , the oftner it is toucht the worse it grows . Nomades , a certain people of Scythia Europaea , who are said to be descended from those that followed Hercules in his expedition into Spain . Nomarchy , ( Greek ) a Mayralty , the government of a Citie , or County . Nombreil , a Term in Heraldry , being the lower part of an Escutcheon , the honour point being the uppermost part , the Fesse the middle part , the word signifieth in French a Navel . Nomenclator , ( from the Latin word Nomen , i. e. a name , and the Greek Cale● , i. e. to call ) one that calleth things by their proper and significant ●ames , among the Romans there were certain Officers , so called , who gave unto their Lord an account of the names of all such as saluted him as they passed , they were also such as we call the Criers of a Court. Nominal , ( lat . ) belonging to a name . Nominalia , ( lat . ) certain festival dayes among the Romans wherein they gave names to their Children , for Males it was the eighth day , for Females the ninth , which was called dies lustricus . Nomination , ( lat . ) a naming , also in Common and Canon-law , it is taken for a powr that man hath by virtue of a Mannour , or otherwise to appoint a Clark to a Patron of a benefice by him to be presented to the ordinary . Nomographer , ( Greek ) a Writer of Laws . Nomothesie , ( Greek ) a making , or publishing of Laws . Nonability , ( a Term in Law ) being an exception taken against the Plaintiffe , or Defendant , why he cannot Commence any suit in Law. Nonacris , a Mountain of Arcadia , at the foot of which is the River Styx , whose water is so cold that it cannot be contain'd in any other Vessel , but onely in the hoof of a Mule. Nona , the name of one of the three destinies among the Latins , see Morta . Nonage , in Common-law , is the time of a mans , or womans being under age , see age . Non claim , is an exception against a man that claimeth not within the time limited by the Law. Non compos mentis , or one that is not in his right wits , signifieth in Common-law ; first , an Ideot born ; secondly , one that by accident looseth his wits ; thirdly , a Lunatick ; fourthly , a drunkard . Non est culpabilis , the general answer to an action of Trespasse , whereby the Defendant doth deny the fact imputed unto him by the Plaintiffe . Non est factum , an answer to a Declaration whereby a man denieth that to be his deed whereupon he is impleaded . Non liquet , a Law-term , signifying it appears not ; a Verdict given by a Jury , when a matter is to be referred to another day of Tryal . Nonpareil , ( French ) Peerlesse , having no fellow , or Peer ; also a Term in printing , see Pareil . † Non-pri●●●piate , ( a made word compounded of non and principium ) not having a beginning . Non-residencie , the unlawfull absence of a beneficed man from his spiritual charge . Non sanae memoriae , an exception taken to any act declared by the Plaintiffe , or Defendant , as not being well in his wits . Non-suit , a renunciation of the suit by the Plaintiffe , or Demandant when the the matter is so far proceeded in as the Jury is ready to give their Verdict . Non-Term , the time of Vacation between Term and Term , it was wont to be called the dayes of the Kings peace . Nones of a moneth , are certain dayes next following the Calends , or first day , in March , May , July , and October , they are six dayes , in other moneths but four . None of a day , the third quarter of the day , from noon till sun set . To stand at a Non plus , ( lat . ) to be able to answer never a word , to have nothing more to , say . Nonupla , ( a Term in Musick ) being a very quick time , and peculiar to Jiggs . Noricum , a Countrey of Germany , now called Bavaria it is divided from Vindelicia , by the River Aenus , from the higher Pannonia , by the Mountain Cecius . Normal , ( lat . ) done exactly , according to the rule , or square . Normannia , or Normandy , a Countrey of Gallia Celtica ; so called from the Normanni , a people anciently inhabiting Norwegia , who in the time of Charles the Grosse had this Countrey assigned them to dwell in , it being formerly called Neustria , and the people were all baptised with their Duke Rollo , whose name was changed into Robert. Northallerton , or Northalverton , the chief Town of Northallertonshire , being a part of York-shire , anciently so called , near this Town was fought that famous pitcht field , commonly called the battail of the Standard , where Ralph Bishop of Durham overthrew David King of Scots , it was so called because the English receiving the first onset of the Scots , kept themselves close together about the Standard , which resembled the Caroccio , so much used by the Italians . Northampton , the chief Citie of Northamptonshire , so called by contraction from Northfandon , near this place was fought that bloudy battel wherein King Henry the sixth was taken prisoner , by Richard Nevil , Earle of Warwick . Nostoch , is taken by some for a certain kinde of excrement , or polluted matter like to a gelly , of an obscure red colour dropping upon the earth from some luxuriant Planet , or other Star. Norwegia , a Countrey of Europe , formerly a Kingdom by it self ; it is now called Norwey , and is under the Government of the Danes . Norwich , the chief Citie of Northfolk , heretofore called Northwick , i. Northerly Creek , Wick signifying in the Saxon tongue , the Creek , or Cove of a River , it was set on fire by Sweno the Dane , in the time of King Ethelred , but it flourisht again after the Conquest , and the Castle was re-edified by Hugh Bigod , Earle of Northfolk , Lewis the Frenchman won it by assault from King John. Notarie , ( lat . ) one that takes Notes , and makes a short draught of Contracts , Obligations , and other instruments , a Scribe , or Scrivener . Note , a Term in faulconory , vide Pruneth . Notification , ( lat . ) a making known , a a giving information , or advertisement . Notion , ( lat . ) understanding , or knowledge . Notius , vide Pisces . Nottingham , the chief Town of Nottinghamshire , it is so called by a mollified pronuntiation , from the Saxon word Snottengaham , i. a house of Dennes , or Caves , it hath a strong Castle , which the Danes held out against Aethered , King of the West-Saxons , and his brother Aelfrid , who were stirred up by Burthred , King of the Mercians against them . Novae tabulae , ( lat . ) certain Tables among the ancient Romans , whereby old debts , or obligations were cancelled , and made void . Novatians , a sort of Hereticks , who condemned second marriages , and held that those who had once fall'n , ought not to be received into the Church , although they afterwards repented : they were seduced by one Novatus , in the year 215. Novation , ( lat . ) a renewing , or making new . Novels , certain volumes of the Civil-law , in number 168. they were set out by the Emperour Justinian after the Codex , also certain little tales , or Romances . November , so called because it is the ninth moneth from March. Novempopulana , the Countrey of Gascoin in France , whose chief Cities are Bourdeaux and Tolouse . Novendial , ( lat . ) continuing the space of nine dayes . Novennial , ( lat . ) continuing the space of nine years . Novercal , ( lat . ) belonging to a stepmother . Novice , ( lat . Tyro , Greek Neophyte ) one newly entred into Orders , also a young beginner in any art , or profession . Novity , ( lat . ) newnesse , strangenesse . Nowed , ( French ) tied in a knot , a Term in Heraldry . Noxi●us ( lat . ) guilty , also hurtfull , or offensive . N U Nubiferous , ( lat . ) cloud-bearing , bringing , or causing obscurity . Nubilous , ( lat . ) cloudy , or tempestuous . Nude contract , in Common-law , is a bare contract , or promise of any thing without assigning , or agreeing what another shall give . Nudation , ( lat . ) a making bare . Nudity , ( lat . ) nakednesse , barenesse . Nugation , ( lat . ) a toying , or trifling . Nuisance , or Nusance , see Annoyance . Nullifidian , ( lat . ) one of no faith , or honesty . Nullity , ( lat . ) nothing , or a being of no effect . Nullo , ( Arithm. ) a Cipher that stands for nothing . Numa Pompilius , the second King of the Romans , a Sabine born , he built the Temple of Janus , created the Dial Martial , and Quirinal Flamins , he made the twelve Salii , or Priests of Mars , and the High-Priest , consecrated the Vestal Virgins , distinguisht the dayes into hallow'd and unhallowed , and divided the year into twelve moneths , and that these things might gain the greater credit with the people , he faign'd that every night he had private discourse with the Nymph Aegeria , and that what he had instituted was by her appointment . Numbles , ( French ) the entrailes of a Stag , or Dear . Numeration , ( lat . ) a numbring . Numerical , ( lat . ) belonging to number , also a Term in Logick , as Numerical difference is that difference which together with the lowermost species constitutes the Individuum . Numitor , the son of Procas , King of the Albanians , he was driven out of his Kingdom by his younger brother Amulius . Nun , ( Dutch ) a Virgin that by holy vow obligeth her self to perpetual virginity , and espouseth her self to the Church . Nuncupation , ( lat . ) a pronouncing , or calling by name . A Nuncupative Will , or Testament , is that which is declared by words , and not written . Nundinary , ( lat . ) belonging to fairs , or markets , whence Nundination , a Trafficking , or Trading . Nuntio , ( Ital. ) a Messenger Legat or Ambassadour , it is a word most peculiarly appropriate to the Popes Legat. Nuper Obiit , the name of a Writ , which lieth for a Coheir , being deforced by her Coheir of Land , or Tenements , whereof any of their Ancestours died seised in fee-simple . Nuptial , ( lat . ) belonging to a marriage or wedding . Nurture , for nouriture , i. a nourishing , a teaching of good manners . Nutation , ( lat . ) a nodding . Nutrition , ( lat . ) a nourishing . N Y Nycteus , the son of Neptune and Celene , the daughter of Atlas , he married a Cretan Nymph , called Amalthaea , by whom he had Antiope and Nyctimene , the latter of which falling in love with her father , came by the help of her Nurse to injoy him , but being afterwards known , and flying from her fathers wrath , she was changed into an Oake . Nymphs , see Nymphal . Nymphal , ( lat . ) belonging to the Nymphs , which were accounted by the ancients certain rural goddesses , of which some were called the Nymphs of the woods , or Dryades , some of the mountains , or Oreades , some of the waters , or Naiades , &c. Nymphet , ( French ) a little Nymph . Nysa , a Citie built by Bacchus in India , being situate in a very fruitfull soyl ; also one of the tops of the mountain Parnassus , consecrate to Bacchus . Nysus , a King of the Megarenses , whose Citie was betrayed to Minos , by his daughter Scylla , see Scylla . O A OAxis , a River of Creet , so called from Oaxis , the son of Apollo , who lived there . Oaxus , the son of Acacallis , daughter of Minos , also a Citie of Creet , which took its denomination from the above mentioned Oaxus , in this Citie Etearchus the father of Phronima , who was the mother of Battus raign'd . O B † Obaceratio , ( lat . ) a stopping ones mouth . Obambulation , ( lat . ) a walking abroad , about , or against . Obarmation , ( lat . ) an arming against . Obduction , ( lat . ) a covering about . Obduration , ( lat . ) a hardning , a growing obstinate against . Obedientia , hath been used in Law for a certain Rent paid in ancient time , also in Canon-law it is taken for the administration of an Office , whence Obedientiales are those that execute an Office under their Superiours . Obelisk , ( Greek ) a great stone waxing smaller and smaller from the bottom , and ending in a point at the top , differing onely from a Pyramid , in that it is four-square , and all of one stone ; also a long stroke in writing , signifying that something is amisse , and better left out then inserted . Obequitation , ( lat . ) a riding about . Oberration , ( lat . ) a straying , or wandring about . Obesitie , ( lat . ) grosnesse , or fatnesse . Objection , ( lat . ) a casting against , also a laying to ones charge . An Obit , ( lat . ) a trental , an obsequy , or funeral . Objuration , ( lat . ) a binding by Oath against any person , or thing . Objurgation , ( lat . ) a chiding , rebuking , or reproaching . An Oblat , ( French ) a Souldier , who being maimed in the wars is maintained in an Abbey ; it is also taken for the maintenance it self . Oblation , ( lat . ) an offering , more especially that which is offered by religious persons to the Church , or to pious uses , also a toll , or subsidy . Oblatration , ( lat . ) a barking , or exclaiming against . Oblectation , ( lat . ) a delighting , pleasing , or recreating ones self . Obligation , ( lat . ) a binding , or obliging ones self to any thing . Oblimation , ( lat . ) a plaistring , or dawbing over , a stopping up with mud . Oblique , ( lat . ) crooked , awry . Obliquation , ( lat . ) a crooking , or bending . Obliteration , ( lat . ) a blotting out , a cancelling , or abolishing . Oblivion , ( lat . ) forgetfulnesse . Oblong , ( lat . ) a Term in Geometry , a quadrangle , or foursquare figure , whose length exceeds its breadth . Obloquy , ( lat . ) a speaking evil against any one , a backbiting , or slandring . Obmutescence , ( lat . ) a remaining silent , a holding ones peace . Obnoxious , ( lat . ) guilty , faulty , lyable to punishment . Obnubilation , ( lat . ) a darkning , or obscuring with clouds . Obnunciation , ( lat . ) a forbidding any thing upon foreknowledge , or conjecture of ill successe . Obole , ( lat . ) a certain kinde of Coyn , valueing with us about a half penny ; also a weight of 12. or 14 grains . Obreption , ( lat . ) a creeping , or stealing upon by craft ; whence obreptitious , i. stollen upon by crafty means . Obrizum , q. Ophirizum , fine gold , gold of Ophir . Obrogation , ( lat . ) an interrupting , or hindring , also a gain-saying . Obscaenity , ( lat . ) ribaldry , baudinesse , unclean speech or action . Obscuration , ( lat . ) a making dark or obscure . Obsecration , ( lat . ) a beseeching or praying earnestly . Obsequious , ( lat . ) dutiful , obedient , diligent to please . Obsequies , ( French ) Funeral Rites , from the Latin word Obsequium , i. duty , because in accompanying the dead corps to the grave , we perform a civil duty to the person of the dead . Obserration , ( lat . ) a locking or shutting up . Observant , ( lat . ) diligently marking , also dutiful , respectful : there are also a sort of Franciscans or gray Fryars instituted by St. Francis of Assisium , who are called Observants , Obsession , ( lat . ) a besieging , beleaguring or encompassing about . Obsibilation , ( lat . ) a hissing against . Obsidian stone , a kind of pretious stone , spoken of by Pliny in his natural History ▪ Cambden thinketh it to be the same with our Canole cole . O●sidional , ( lat . ) belonging to a siege , whence an Obsidional Crown , is a Crown given to him who raiseth an exraordinary siege , an honour often conferred by the ancient Romans upon their Captains . Obigillation , ( lat . ) a sealing up . Obsolete , ( lat . ) grown old , out of use or fashion . Obstacle , ( lat . ) as it were a standing against , a let or hindrance . Obstetrication , ( lat . ) a doing the office of a Midwife . Obstinacy , ( lat . ) as it were a holding against , self-will , stubbornnesse . Obstipation , ( lat . ) a stopping up . Obstreperons , ( lat . ) making a loud noise . Obstrigillation , ( lat . ) a reprehending , also a resisting or withstanding . Obstruction , ( lat . ) a stopping or shutting up , also a hindring . Obstupefaction , ( lat . ) a stupefying , astonishing , or making abashed . Obtemperation , ( lat . ) an obeying , a yeilding obedience . Obtenebration , ( lat . ) a making dark or cloudy . Obtestation , ( lat . ) an humble requesting or beseeching , a calling God to witnesse for any thing . † Obticence , ( lat . ) a being silent , a holding ones peace . Obtrectation , ( lat . ) a calumniating , depraving , or backbiting . Obtrition , ( lat . ) a bruising , or wearing away against any thing . Obtruration , ( lat . ) a stopping , shutting , or closing up . Obtuse , ( lat . ) blunt having a dull point or edge , also heavy or dull-witted . In Geometry an Obtuse Angle , is when two lines do include more than a square , make a blunt angle . Obvallation , ( lat . ) an invironing or encompassing with a trench . Obvarication , ( lat . ) a hindring any in their passage . Obverted , ( lat . ) turned against or about . Obvious , ( lat . ) meeting in the way or coming toward . Obumbration , ( lat . ) an obscuring or shadowing over . Obuncous , ( lat . ) crooked . † Obundation , ( lat . ) a flowing against . Obvolation , ( lat . ) a flying against . Obvolution , ( lat . ) a rowling against , or to and fro . O C Occaecation , ( lat . ) a blinding . † Occallation , ( lat . ) a making hard like brawn . Occidental , ( lat . ) belonging to the occident , i. the going down of the Sun , or the west part of the World ; also when a Planet setteth after the Sun and is seen above the Horizon after him . Occiduous , ( lat . ) setting , falling , or going down . Occipital , ( lat . ) belonging to the hinder part of the head , which is called Occiput . Occision , ( lat . ) a slaughtering , or killing . Occlusion , ( lat . ) a shutting up . Occulcation , ( lat . ) a spurning or treading upon . Occult , ( lat . ) hidden , secret , privy , whence occultation a hiding or keeping secret . Occupation , ( lat . ) a using , also businesse or imployment , also a Mystery or Art. To Occur , ( lat . ) to happen , also to meet with . Oceanine , ( lat . ) belonging to the Ocean , i. the broad and main Sea which compasseth the World , and hath several denominations according to the several Regions to which it is annext . Among the Poets the son of Coelus and Vesta is cal●ed Oceanus , who marrying Tethys , was thought to be the father of all the Rivers and Fountains . Ochlocrasie , ( lat . ) such a government wherein the common people or multitude bear sway . Ockham , a term in Navigation , being toe or flax , or old ropes untwisted and imployed about a Ship. Ochus , the sirname of Artaxerxes the son of Artaxerxes Mnemon by his daughter Ancestris , he subdued Aegypt , overcame Tennes King of Phoenicia , Hermias the Acarnensian Tyrant , Euagoras King of Cyprus , took Sidon , by the help of Mentor , he buried his Sister and Mother in Law alive , caused his Uncle with a hundred of his children and grandchildren to be slain , but at last was poisoned by his Physitian Bagoas . Ocnus , see Manto . Octangular , ( lat . ) having 8 angles or corners , a term in Geometry . Octave , ( lat . ) a musical proportion called an eighth , also the eighth day next after some Principall Feast , of the year . Octavo , a book is said to be in Octavo , when it consisteth of sheets doubled into eight leaves a piece . Octennial , ( lat . ) comprehending the space of eight years . October , so called because it is the eighth moneth from March. Octohedrical , ( a term in Geometry ) having eight sides . Octonary , ( lat . ) belonging to the number eight . Octogon , ( Greek ) a Geometrical figure consisting of eight angles . Ocular , ( lat . ) belonging to the eyes . Oculate , ( lat . ) full of holes like eyes , also quicksighted . Oculus Christi , a certain herb very good for the eyes , otherwise called wild clary . Oculus Tauri , a constillation in 24 degrees 39 minutes of Gemini . Ocypete , the name of one of the three Harpyes , so called from the swiftnesse of her flight . Ocyroe , the daughter of Chiron and the Nimph ●hariclo , she being a great Prophetesse fortold that Aesculapius should be the best of Physitians , and that she her self should be changed into a Mare , which things hapned accordingly . O D Ode , ( Greek ) a Song or Lyrick Poem . Odelet , ( dimin . ) a short Ode . Odoacer , a King of the Heruli and Thuringians , who having possest himself of Ticinum , Ravenna and Rome , and utterly defeated Augustulus , the last of those that usurped the title of Roman Emperour , he caused himself to be proclaimed King of Italy and Placentia . Odoriferous , ( lat . ) sweet-smelling , bearing perfumes or odours . Odour , ( lat . ) a scent or smell . O E Oeconomical , ( Greek ) belonging to Oeconomy , i. the ordering or governing of a houshold or family . Oecumenical , ( Greek ) belonging to the whole world , universal . Oedastine , ( Greek ) skilful in weights and measures . Oedemato●s , ( Greek ) belonging to an O●d●my , i. a tumour or swelling in the body rising from the abundance of flegme . Oedip●s , the son of Laius , King of Thebes and Jocasta the daughter of Creon , he was brought by Phorbas to Polybius King of Corinth , and bred up by the Queen as her own son : when he came to age he unfolded the riddle of Sphnix , slew his father , and married his mother . See Creon and Jocasta . Oen●maus , see Pelops . Oenopolist , ( Greek ) one that sells wine , a Vintner . O F Offertory , ( lat . ) a part of the Masse , also a place where offerings are kept . An Official , ( lat . ) is used in the Canon Law , for him to whom any Bishop doth commit the charge of his spiritual jurisdiction . Officine , ( lat . ) a shop or workhouse . Officious , ( lat . ) dutiful , or serviceable . Offton , a Town in Suffolk , so nam'd from Offa King of the Mercians , as it were Offa's Town . Offuscation , ( lat . ) a shadowing , a making dark or dusky . O G Ogdastick , ( Greek ) an Epigram or a Stanza consisting of 8 verses . Ogive , or Ogee , ( French ) a wreath , circlet or round band in Architecture . Ogyges , an ancient King of Boeotia who built the City of Thebes , in his time hapned a very great flood called the Ogygian flood , bigger than that of Deucalion but lesse than Noahs Flood . O I Oisterloit , a certain herb otherwise called snakeweed , in Latin Bistorta . O K Oker , a colour used in painting whereof are several kinds , Oker de lace , or yellow Oker , burnt Oker , and brown Oker . O L Oleaginous , ( lat . ) belonging to an Olive-tree . Oleander , a certain shrub called Rose-bay , in Greek Rododendron , or Rododaphne . Oleity , ( lat . ) the time of gathering Olives , also oilynesse . Olfact●ry , ( lat . ) belonging to the sense of smelling . Olicana , the ancient name of a Town in Yorkshire , re-edified by Virius Lupus then Propretor in Brittain , and is thought to have been the same with that which is now called Ilkely . Olidous , ( lat . ) rank-smelling , having a strong savour . Oligarchy , ( Greek ) the government of a Common wealth by a few . Olivaster , ( lat . ) of an olive colour , also a wild olive-tree . Oliver , the proper name of a man , derived from the peace-bringing Olive , as Daphnis from the Laurel . Oliviferous , ( lat . ) olive-bearing , bringing forth Olives . Olivity , see Oleity . Olla podrida , ( Span. ) a hotchpot or dish of meat consisting of several ingredients , being somewhat like that which the French call a Bisque . Olympia , a City of Greece , near unto which were solemnized the great Games instituted by Hercules in honour of Jupiter ; they were from the name of this City called the Olympian Games , and were celebrated every fifth year , which space was observed as an Epoch of time by the Greeks , and called an Olympiad . Olympias , the Christian name of divers women , so called from Olympus . Olympus , a hill in that part of Thessaly that lieth against Macedon , the top of this hill toucheth the clouds , and therefore it hath been taken by the Poets for Heaven , or the seat of the gods . Olynthus , a City of Thrace which Philip of Macedon won from the Athenians by corrupting the souldiers with money . Olysippo , the chief City of Portugal , vulgarly called Lisbon . O M Ombrage , ( French ) a shadow , also a colour or pretence . Omega , ( Greek ) the last letter in the Greek Alphabet : It is also used metaphorically for the end of any thing . Omelet , ( French ) a pancake or froise . Ominous , ( lat . ) portending good or ill luck , but most commonly it is taken in the worst sense . Omission , ( lat . ) a neglecting or letting a thing passe . Omnifarious , ( lat . ) divers , sundry , of all sorts . Omniparent , ( lat . ) bearing or bringing forth all things . Omnipotent , ( lat . ) all mighty , all-powerfull . Omnipresent , ( lat . ) present in all places . Omniscious , or Omniscient , ( lat . ) knowing all things . Omnivagant , ( lat . ) wandring every where , or in all places . Omniv●rous , ( lat . ) eating or devouring all kind of things . Omology , ( Greek ) agreeablenesse or proportion , also a confession . Omphale , a Queen of Lydia by whom Hercules was highly rewarded for killing a great Serpent upon the River Sangaris , and afterwards he falling in love with her and desiring to be intertained in her service , she compelled him to sit and spin , while she leaving her distaff , put on his armes and Lions skin ; others say that he was sold to her by Mercury at the command of Jupiter , for having slain Iphitus the son of Euritus . O N Onagre , ( lat . ) a wild asse , also a certain Engin used by the Ancients , out of which they used to shoot great stones . Onerary , ( lat . ) serving for burthen or carriage . Oneration , ( lat . ) a loading or burthenning . Onomancy , ( lat . ) a divination by names , also a repeating of many names by the Art of memory . Onomatopy , ( Greek ) the faining of a name , from any kind of sound , as Bombarda , i. a Gun , from the sounding of bom . Onpresse , ( old word ) downward . Onyx , a certain pretious Stone , so called from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . i. a naile of a mans hand , because it is of a kind of whitish colour , resembling the colour of a mans naile . Some say it is the congealed juyce of a Tree called Onycha , it is also called a Chalcedonie . O P Opacous , ( lat . ) shady , obscure , darkned . Opal , ( Greek ) a precious stone of divers colours , yellowish , green , and purple . Opening of Gates , is , when a Planet applies it self to another , who ruleth the figure opposite to his house , or when one Planet separates from another , and applies immediately to one that hath dominion by house , in the signe opposite to these ruled by the Planet with whom it was joyned , either by body , or aspect . Opera , a kinde of Dramatick Poem , in use among the Italians , performed by voyces and instrumental Musick in a recitative stile , and adorned with Scenes by Perspective . Operation , ( lat . ) a working , or labouring . Operiment , ( lat . ) a covering . Operosity , ( lat . ) busie work , great pain , or travel . Ophthalmy , ( Greek ) a certain disease of the eye , rising from an inflammation of the uttermost skin of the eye , called Adnata . Ophites , ( lat . ) a kinde of marble variegated like a Serpent . Ophiuchus , a constellation in Sagittary . Ophiusa , an Island in the Balearick Sea , so called from the abundance of Serpents , which are in it . An Opiate , ( lat . ) a confection of Opium , i. the juyce of black Poppy , which is used to cause sleep , or asswage excessive pain . Opiferous , ( lat . ) bringing aid , help , or succour . Opifice , ( lat . ) workmanship . Opimous , ( lat . ) fat , or grosse , also rich , or plentifull . Opination , ( lat . ) a thinking , or supposing . Opiniatrecy , ( French ) opiniativenesse , obstinacy , a wilfull persisting in any opinion . Opisthograph , ( Greek ) a book , or paper , written upon on the back-side . Opitulation , ( lat . ) a helping , or aiding . Opobalsame , ( Greek ) the gumme , or liquor that distilleth from the Balm-tree . Oppication , ( lat . ) a covering over with pitch . Oppignoration , ( lat . ) a pawning , or laying inpledge . Oppilation , ( lat . ) an obstruction , or stoppage in the inward parts . Oppletion , ( lat . ) a filling up . An Opponent , ( lat . ) a withstander , or contradicter , one that maintaineth a contrary argument in the Schools , to what is generally held . Opportune , ( lat . ) fit , seasonable , convenient , whence opportunity , due time , or season . Opposite , ( lat . ) contrary , or over-against , also opposites substantively used , signifie in Logick , things relatively opposed as master and servant , or privately , as light and darknesse , or contraries , as knowledge and ignorance . Opposition , ( lat . ) a contrary setting against , also a resisting ; in Astrology it is when two Planets are in houses opposite to one another , it is 180. d. distance , or six signes , and is thus Charactered . o — o. Opprobrious , ( lat . ) reproachfull , upbraiding , or reviling . Oppugnation , ( lat . ) a fighting against , an assalting , or laying siege unto , also a violent opposing . Ops , the daughter of Coelus and Vesta , the wife and sister of Saturn . Opsimathie , ( Greek ) a learning late . Opsonation , ( lat . ) a catering , a purveying , or buying of meat . Optation , ( lat . ) a wishing , desiring , or looking for . Ophthalmie , ( Greek ) a certain disease in the eye , occasioned by the inflammation of the annate Tunicle . Optick , ( Greek ) belonging to the sight , also substantively used for that science , whereby the reason of sight is known . Optimacie , ( lat . ) a governing of the Common-wealth , by the Nobler sort of persons . Option , ( lat . ) election , choice , wish , or desire . Opulencie , ( lat . ) riches , wealth , plenty . Opuscle , ( lat . ) a little work , or labour . O R Or , ( French ) a Term in Heraldry , expressing the colour of Gold. Orache , or Orage , a certain Pot-herb of an insipid taste , called in Latin Atriplex . Oracle , ( lat . ) an answer , or Counsel given by God , a foretelling of things to come by Divine revelation , a saying whose truth is unquestionable , Oracles were anciently very frequent among the Gentiles , but they all ceast immediately after the coming of Christ. Oral , ( lat . ) belonging to the mouth , face , or visage . Oration , ( lat . ) a praying , also a speech . Oratory , ( lat . ) eloquence , also a Chappel , or place dedicated to prayer . Oratorians , an Order of Fryars , so called from the Oratory of St. Hierom in Rome , where they used to pray , they were instituted by St. Philip Nerius , a Florentine . Orbation , ( lat . ) a bereaving , depriving , or making desolate . Orbe , a body contained under one round superficies ; those Orbs that belong to the coelestial firmament , are either with , or without Stars , that without Stars is the primum mobile , the other are all stellified , either with fixed Stars , or Planets . Orbicular , ( lat . ) round , in fashion of a Ball , or Globe . Orbity , ( lat . ) the lack of Parents , or Children , generally any want . Orbona , a certain goddesse among the ancient Romans , to whom Parents , or Children used to pray against Orbity . Orcades , certain Islands in the Brittish Ocean , thirty in number , vulgarly called the Isles of Orkeney . An Orch , or Ork. a monstrous fish , vulgarly called a whirle-pool , also a Butt for wine , or figs. Orchall , see Corck . Orchamus , see Leucothoe . Orchanet , ( Arab. Alcanet ) a certain Herb , called in Spanish Buglosse , or wilde Buglosse , in Greek Anchusa . Orchel , or Orchal , a certain stone like Allum , wherewith Dyers use to colour red , in some old Statutes it seemeth to be the same thing with Cork . Orchester , ( Greek ) that part of the Scene in a Theater , where the Chorus useth to dance ; it is also sometimes taken for the place where the Musicians sit . Orcus , a River of Thessaly , flowing out of the Lake Styx , whose waters are so thick , that they swim like Oyl upon the top of the River Peneus into which it flows , it is oft times taken by the Poets for Hell. Ordeal , ( a Sax. word , signifying judgement ) a kinde of purgation practised in ancient times , whereby the party purged was judged free from Crime , it is called in Common-law purgatio vulgaris , of this purgation there are several kindes ; as Camp-fight , wherein he that overcame in single Combat , was judged to have the right on his side . Fire-Ordeal , i. a passing blindfold with bare feet over red hot plough-shares , and Water-Ordeal , i. e. a putting ones arms up to the elbows in seething water . Ordinary , ( lat . ) in the Civil-law , signifieth any judge that hath authority to take knowledge of causes in his own right , as he is a Magistrate , and not by deputation , in Common-law it is usually taken for him that hath ordinary Jurisdiction in Causes Ecclesiastical ; also in Heraldry , Ordinaries are those charges that by a certain property do belong , to that art , and are of ordinary use therein , they are also called proper charges . Oreads , ( Greek ) Nymphs of the Mountains . Oredelf , ore lying under ground , also a liberty whereby a man claims the ore found in his own ground . Oreford , a Town in Suffolk , where in the reign of King Henry the second , a certain hairy creature perfectly resembling a man , in all parts and proportions , was taken out of the Sea by fisher-men in a Net , who after he had been kept awhile , secretly slipt away into the Sea , and was never seen after , this Ralph Cogeshall an old Writer recordeth . Orestes , the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra , he was preserved from Aegisthus , by his sister Electra , and sent to Strophius , King of the Phocences , where he remained twelve years , after which returning disguised to Argos , he slew Aegysthus ( who had murthered his father Agamemnon ) together with his mother Clytemnaestra , with whom Aegysthus had lived in adultery , he also with the help of Macarus the Priest slew Pyrrhus , in the temple of Apollo , because he had taken away Hermione , the daughter of Menelaus , who had been first espoused to him , for which crimes , being strucken with madness , he was cured at the Altar of Diana , being brought thither by Pylades , who was so faithfull a friend to him , that when Thoas King of Taurica had designed to sacrifice Orestes , he affirmed himself to be Orestes , that he might die for his friend ; but Orestes slaying Thoas , freed both himself and Pylades , with the help of his sister Iphigeneia , who had been made the over-seer of those sacrifices , at last he was bitten by a Viper in Arcadia , at a place called Orestion , of which wound he died , and his body being digged up , was found to be seven Cubits in length . Orewood , a kinde of Sea-weed . Orfgild , a restitution made by the hundred , or County of any wrong done by one that was in Plegio . Orfraies , ( French ) a certain frisled Cloath of Gold , much worn heretofore in England , both by the Clergy , and Kings themselves . Orgal , the lees of wine dried , used by Dyers . Organical , ( Greek ) belonging to , or consisting of Organes , i. instruments , also the substantial parts , or Members of the body . Organie , a kinde of Herb , growing much upon the Mountains , called in Latin Origanum . Orgeis , a word used in some old Statutes , signifying the greater sort of North-sea fish . Orgies , ( lat . ) certain feasts and revels , instituted by Orpheus to the honour of Bacchus . Orial Colledge , a Colledge in Oxford , built by King Edward the second . Oriental , ( lat . ) belonging to the Orient , i. the East , or that part of the world where the sun riseth . Orifice , ( lat . ) the mouth , or utmost brim of any thing , the outward hole of a wound . Oriflambe , ( French ) the great and holy Standard of France , having on the top a purple Flag , or Ensign , born at first onely in the wars against infidels . Original , ( lat . ) a beginning , or fountain ; also a stock , or pedigree ; also a first draught . Orisons , ( French ) prayers . Orion , the name of a great hunter , who vaunting himself to be of that strength of body , that there was no wilde beast that he could not kill , the earth brought forth a Scorpion , which stinging him to death , he was placed together with the Scorpion among the heavenly constellations , some say he was the son of Oenopion King of Sicilie , and that lying with his sister Candiope , he had his eyes put out by his father , others deliver him to have been born by a very strange way , of which see more in Hyreus . Orithyia , the daughter of Erectheus , King of Athens , she was ravish't away by Boreas , who fell in love with her , and brought forth Zethus and Calais , who going with the Argonauts to Colchos , put the Harpies to flight . Orle , a Term in Blason , being an ordinary composed , of a threefold line doubled , admitting a transparency of the field through the innermost space . Orlop , a Term in Navigation , signifying the second and lower deck of a ship . Ormus , a famous Citie of Persia , being most pleasantly situated in an Island , and abounding with shells which breed the fairest and clearest Pearles that are ; it was taken by the Lieutenant General to the King of Portugal , in the year 1506. Ornature , ( lat . ) a setting forth , trimming , or adorning . Ornomancy , ( Greek ) a kinde of Divination by birds . Orontes , a River of Coelosyria , which rising out of the Hill Libanus runs under ground , till it come to Apamia , and falleth into the Sea , near Seleucia . Orphanisme , ( lat . ) the state of an Orphane , i. a fatherlesse Child . Orpheus , a famous Poet , and Musician of Thrace , the son of Calliope and Apollo , he took so heavily the losse of his wife Euridice ( of which see Euridice ) that he utterly abandoned the company of women , for which he was torn in pieces by the Maenades at the Feast of Bacchus , and his several members being cast down the River ▪ Hebrus were gathered up by the Muses and buried , and his Harp translated up to Heaven . Orpiment , a certain drug found deep in the earth , being a kind of Arsenick or Ratsbane , and is called in Latin Auripigmentum , from its golden colour . Orpine , a kind of herb called in Greek Telephion , from Telephus the first discoverer of it . Orque , ( lat . ) a hulk or huge Ship , also the same as Orch. Orrice , a certain flower called in Greek Iris , because it resembleth the Rainbow in diversity of colours , it is vulgarly called a flower delice . Orsilochus , the son of Idomeneus , who following his father to the wars of Troy , was at the taking of Troy slain by Vlisses . Ortelli , a word used in the Forrest Laws , signifying the claws of a dogs foot . Orthodox , or Orthodoxal , ( Greek ) of a true and right opinion , of a sound faith . Orthogonal , ( Greek ) having even or right angles . Orthography , ( Greek ) the manner of right and true writing : Also in Architecture or Fortification , it is taken for the upright erection of any work , as it appears when it is finisht . Ortygia , one of the Cyclades Islands , called also Delos sacred to Apollo , and into which the Poets feign Asteria the sister of Latona to have been turned after she had been turned into a quail , called in Greek ortyx . Orval , a certain herb otherwise called Clary or Clear-eye . An Oryx , or Orynx , ( Greek ) a kind of wild Goat in Africa . O S Osbert , a proper name among the Saxons , signifying , Light of the Family . Osborn , another proper name signifying in Saxon , House-child . Oscillation , ( lat . ) a hanging or tottering motion , a swinging upon a rope whose ends are tyed to several beams . Oscines , ( lat . ) those kind of birds by whose feeding or voices the Augures used to fortell things to come . Oscitation , ( lat . ) a yawning or gaping , also idlenesse . Osculation , ( lat . ) a kissing or imbracing . Osiris , the son of Jupiter and Niobe the daughter of Phoroneus , whom he succeeded in the Kingdom of Argos , but after a while leaving that Kingdom to his brother Aegialeus , he went and subdued Aegypt , and married the daughter of Inachus called Io or Isis , who first taught the Egyptians Letters , and sundry Arts and Sciences ; he was at length slain by Typhon his brother , and after his death was worshipped by the Egyptians in the shape of an Oxe . St. Osith , a Town in Essex so called , for it was anciently named Chic , from Osith a Virgin of a Royal Family , who having consecrated her self to the service of God , was here slain by Danish Pirates . Osmund , the proper name of a man , signifying in the Saxon tongue House-peace . Osprey , a kind of Eagle called in Latin Ossifraga , in Greek Perenopterus . Ossicle , ( lat . ) a little bone . Ossifrage , ( lat . ) a kind of Eagle which breaketh bones with her beak , the same as Osprey . Ostensional , ( lat . ) a souldier attending the Prince in publick Shews . Ostent , ( lat . ) a wonder , a monster , or strange thing . Ostentation , ( lat . ) a boasting , vain-glory . Ostiary , ( lat . ) one that keeps the hoasts in a Church a doorkeeper or porter . Ostomachy , ( Greek ) a playing at bones . Ostracisme , ( Greek ) a kind of punishment among the Athenians which was a banishing for ten years by delivering shells to the condemned persons , wherein their names were written . Oswestre , in Brittish Croix Oswalds , a Town in Shropshire , so called ( for it was anciently named Masserfield ) from Oswald King of Northumberland , whom Penda the Pagan King of the Mercians after he had slain him in a bloody battle , tore to pieces in a barbarous manner . Oswold , a proper name of a man signifying in Dutch House-ruler or Steward , and equivalent to the French le Dispencer . O T Othes , in Latin Otho or Eudo , the proper name of a man , from the Saxon word Hud , i. Keeper . Othryades , a certain Lacedemonian , who in a combat of 300 Lacedemonians to 300 Argives , being the onely man of all his party left alive , put to flight those two who were the onely men left alive of the Argives , and writing upon his shield these words , I have overcome , he slew himself , as being ashamed to return to Sparta , all the rest of his companions being slain . Otraque , a certain drink which is made of a Nut growing among the Molucca's . Ottadini , the ancient name of a people inhabiting that part of Brittain , which is now called Northumberland . Otterbourn , a Town in Northumberland near which was fought a famous battle between the English and Scots , in which William Douglas the Leader of the Scottish Army was slain , and Sir Henry Percy called Hotspur Commander of the English , having lost 1500 of his men , was taken prisoner himself . Otus and Ephialtes , the son of Neptune by Iphimedeia the wife of Aloeus , they were of those Gyants that made war with heaven , throwing huge rocks and hills against the gods , and were at last shot to death by Apollo : they were reported to have grown the length of nine acres in nine years . O U Oval , ( lat . ) belonging to , or in the shape of an egge . Ovation , ( lat . ) a kind of petty Triumph for a Victory obtained with the slaughter of a few men onely , it is so called from the souldiers following their Commander shouting and singing O , O , or from Ovis , i. a sheep which used to be sacrificed by him , whereas in a greater Triumph the General sacrificed a Bull , and his souldiers following cryed out Io , Io , Triumpho , also Ovation , from Ovum , i. an egge signifying the season wherein hens lay egges . An Ouch , a collar of Gold , a Jewel or Tablet ; it is also caled a brooch . Oviary , ( lat . ) a flock of sheep . Oviparous animals , ( lat . ) those creatures that bring forth egges or spawn . Ounce , a certain weight , being the twelfth part of a pound Troy weight , but in a pound aver du pois , it is the sixteenth part ; also a kind of spotted beast called a Lynx . Ounding , ( old word ) rising like waves . Ourage , ( French ) work or labour . Outborow , see Inborow . Outfangthef , see Infangthef . Outlawry , ( in Latin Vtlagaria ) the losse or deprivation of the benefit belonging to a subject of the Kings protection and the Realm . Outparters , a sort of theeves about Ridesdale , that ride about to fetch in such cattel or other things as they can light on . O W Owelty of services , an equality , when the Tenant paravail oweth as much to the Mesen , as the Mesen doth to the Lord Paramount . Owen , ( in Latin Audoenus ) the proper name of a man , being the same with the Latin Eugenius , as appeareth by severall Records . O X Oxford , the chief City of Oxfordshire , which some say hath been anciently called Caer Vortigern , and Caer Vember , as being thought to have been built by Vortigern and Memprix ; but the Saxons called it Oxenford ( corresponding to Bosphorus among the Greeks ) from a foard of Oxen. Leland deriveth it from the River Ouse , and supposeth it may have formerly been called Ouseford . It is chiefly famous for its University which Cambden calleth , Our most noble Athens , the Muses seat , the Sun , the Eye , and the Soul of England . This University was begun , as most Authors agree , in the year of our Lord 806. three Colledges being built by the learned Aelfred who then reigned . Oxgang of land , see Bovata terrae . Oxygon , ( Greek ) a term in Geometry , being a Triangle having three acute Angles . Oxymel , ( Greek ) a certain kind of potion made of honey , vinegar , and water boyled together , being good to attenuate grosse phlegmatick humours . O Y Oyer and terminer , ( French ) signifieth in Common Law , a Commission granted to certain men for the hearing and determining of one or more causes . O Z Ozene , ( Greek ) a kind of disease or putrified stinking sore in the nostrils . P A Pabular , or Pabulatory , ( lat . ) belonging to forrage , provender or fodder for cattel . Pacation , ( lat . ) a stilling or appeasing . Pace , a measure of two foot and a half , or the distance from the toes of the fore-foot to the heels of the hinderfoot : but a Geometrical pace consisteth of 5 foot , a thousand of which paces make up a mile . Pachynum , a Promontory of Sicily lying toward the Peloponnesus . Paciferous , ( lat . ) bringing peace . Pacification , ( lat . ) a making peace , an asswaging or appeasing . Paction , or Pact , ( lat . ) a bargain , covenant , or agreement ; also a truce in war. Pactitious , ( lat . ) done by bargain , or upon condition . Pactolus , a River of Lydia rising out of the hill Tmolus , the gravel whereof hath been said to be of a golden colour ever since Midas washt himself in the streams . Paddock , ( from the Dutch word Padde ) a toad . Padelion , a kind of plant otherwise called great Sanicle , in Latin Pes leonis . Padua , a famous City and University of Italy , now under the jurisdiction of the Venetian : It was anciently built by Antenor the Trojan , and called Antenorea . Paduentage , ( French ) common of pasture in one or more Parishes . Padus , a famous City of Italy , rising out of the Hill Vesulus , it is now called Po. Paean , ( Greek ) a certain Hymn which the ancient Greeks used to sing to Apollo . Paedagogue , ( Greek ) a school-master , a bringer up of youth in learning . Paeonia , a part of Macedon was formerly so called from Paeon the son of Endymion . Paganical , ( lat . ) belonging to country villages , ( whence Paganals , i. Wakes , Country-Holidayes , Ploughmens Feasts ) also belonging to a Pagan , i. a paynim , Heathen or Gentile . Paganism , heathenism , gentilism ; also the manner or fashion of the Country . Paginal , ( lat ▪ ) belonging to a page , i. the side of a leaf in a book . Pagod , a kind of Idol . Paigles , a sort of flower otherwise called Oxlips . Paillardise , ( French ) lechery , whoredom . Pain fort & dure , signifying in Common Law , an especial punishment for those that being arraigned of felony refuse to put themselves upon the ordinary trial of God and the Country , and thereby are mute and dumb . Paisage , ( French ) the discription of any part of the Country in painting or drawing . See Landskip . Palamedes , the son of Nauplius King of Eubaea , he was the occasion of Vlisses being forced against his will to go to the Trojan wars , but was himself by a forged accusation of Vlisses , stoned to death by the Graecian Army . He is said to have been the first that accomodated the year to the course of the Sun ; he is also said to have found out the use of weights and measures , and to have added to the Greek tongue these 4 letters , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Palate , ( lat . ) the roof of the mouth being the uppermost hollow part , wherein the sense of tasting lies . Palatinate , the Country or chief Seat of a Count Palatine or Paladine , i. a Supream Officer in a Sovereign Princes Palace ; but it is more especially taken for one of the Electors of the Roman Empire called the Palsgrave , or Prince Palatine of the Rhene ; also certain Knights of this Island , in ancient times called Knights of the round Table , were called Paladines , also Palatine signifieth adjectively belonging to a Princes Palace . Palaemon , the son of A●hamas and Ino , called also Melicerta . See Ino. Pale , a term in Heraldry , being an Ordinary consisting of two lines drawn perpendicularly from the top to the bottom of the Escutcheon . Pales , the goddesse of Shepherds , to whom certain Feasts were consecrated , called Palilia . Palestine , a Country of Syria , thought by some to have been that Country called Phoenicia , whereof Cadmus was King , it containeth Judea , Samaria , and Galilaea . Palestrical , or Palaestrical , ( Greek ) belonging to wrestling . Palfray , ( French ) a horse of state for a Princesse or great Lady . Palici , or Palisci , two twins the sons of Jupiter and the Nimph Thaleia , whom he ravisht by the River Simethius , when she was with child she wished that the earth would open and hide her from the wrath of Juno , whereupon the earth immediately opened and received her within its bowels , and as soon as she was delivered , it opened again and let out the two twins into the World. Palindrome , ( Greek ) a certain verse or sentence which being read forward or backward the words and sense are the same , as Sator arepo tenet opera rotas Palingenesie , ( Greek ) regeneration or new birth . Palinode , or Palinody , ( Greek ) a recantation or unsaying what one had spoken or written before . Palinurus , a Promontory of Lucania , so called from Palinurus the Pilot of Aeneas , who sleeping fell into the sea , and being taken up and rifled by the inhabitants of this place , had a Grove consecrated and Cenotaph built unto him to appease his ghost . Palisado , ( Span. ) a defence made with stakes , posts , piles , &c. to keep out an enemy . Pall , ( lat . ) a certain robe or long garment which hath usually been worn by persons eminent either in learning or in war. Palladium , a certain Image of Pallas which was kept by the Trojans in a Tower that was built on purpose , but this Image being stollen out of the Temple by Vlisses and Diomede , the City was soon after taken by the Greeks , it was at last brought to Rome and placed in the Temple of Vesta . Pallas , the same as Minerva . A Pallat , a word used in Painting , being a thin peice of wood which a Painter makes use of to place his colours upon . Pallemaille , ( French ) a certain Game wherein a round bowle of box is with a mallet strook through a hoop of iron , into which he that can strike it at the fewest blows wins . Pallet , a term in Heraldry , being the moity or one half of the pale . See Pale . Palletoque , or Pallecoat , ( French ) a cassock or short cloak with sleeves , such as Pages wear . Palliardize , see Pailliardize . Palliation , ( lat . ) a cloaking , hiding , or concealing . Pallid , ( lat . ) pale , whitish , bleak . Pallification , ( lat . ) a term in Architecture , it signifies the piling of the ground-work , or the strengthning of the ground-work with piles of timber driven into the ground , when they build upon a moist or marshy soile . Palmar , ( lat . ) belonging to a Palm , i. the inward part of the hand called the Palm of the hand ; also a measure containing the breadth of 4 fingers , a hand breadth . Palm-tree , ( lat . ) a certain tree bearing the fruit called Dates , it is reported to be both male and female , the male bearing blossomes onely , the female both blossoms and fruit . The leaves shoot upward though oppressed with never so much weight . Whence the Palm is metaphorically used for Victory , Praise , and Commendations . Cleop. Palm-Sunday , the Sunday before Easter , so called because on that day the people went to meet our Saviour with Palm and Olive-branches in their hands when he rode solemnly into Jerusalem . Palmer , a certain instrument wherewith school-boys are struck on the palms of their hands , otherwise called a Ferular ; also a kind of caterpillar or worm with many feet ▪ also a poor Pilgrim that travels up and down to visit Holy places with branches of Palm in his hand . Palmestry , the same as Cheiromancy . Palmeto-tree , a certain tree in the Isle Mauritius , of whose juice they make a very pleasant sort of wine . Palmiferous , ( lat . ) bearing Palms , Victorious . Palmipedous birds , ( lat . ) those that are whole footed , or have plain and flat feet as water-foule . Palpation , ( lat . ) a gentle handling or feeling ; also a flattring or fair speaking . Palpitation , ( lat . ) a panting , or trembling or moving up and down . Paltsgrave , a Dutch word signifying a Count of a Palace , being more especially the Title of the Prince Elector Palatine of the Rhene . Paludament , ( lat . ) a certain Military garment which used to be worn by none but chief Captains ; also a Heralds Coat of Arms. Palumbine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Ring Dove , otherwise called a Wood Culver . Pamphylia , a Countrey of Asia the lesse , wherein are two famous Rivers , Eurimedon and Melas . Pampination , ( lat . ) a lopping off , of superfluous branches from a Vine from Pampinus a Vine-branch . Pan , the son of Demogorgon , he was worshipp'd in Arcadia ; as the God of sheapherds , being smitten by Cupid , he fell in love with the Nymph Syrinx , who passing over the River Ladon , was turned into a Reed , which Pan beholding , made him a Pipe with the same Reed , whence he is said to have first found out the use of the Pipe and Oaten Reed . Panado , ( Span. ) a certain kinde of meat , made of crums of bread boyled in water . Pancart , ( French ) a paper containing the particular rates of Tolls , or rates due to the King , or Common-wealth . Panchaia , a Countrey of Arabia , where Frankincence grows in great abundance . Pancratical , ( Greek ) expert in all kind of Games , and exercises of activity . A Pandar , one that procureth the hire of a strumpet , a baud , or pimp . Pandects , ( lat . ) books that handle all subjects , or all the part of the subject whereof they treat , there is also a volume of the Civil-law , so called . Pandiculation , ( lat . ) a gaping & stretching out of the whole body . Pandion , the son of Erectheus , and King of Athens , whose daughter Progne was married to Tereus , King of Thrace , by whom her sister Philomela was ravish't . Pandora , by the Poets fained the first of all women , made by Vulcan at the command of Jupiter , and endowed with several gifts , by all the gods and goddesses , she was espoused to Epimetheus , to whom she was sent with a box shut , which he unadvisedly opening , filled the world with all manner of diseases and calamities . Pandure , ( lat . ) a kinde of Musical instrument , called also a rebeck . Panegyrick , ( Greek ) a solemne convention of people , at some publick solemnity ; also an Oration in the praise of some great person . Panel , ( from the French word Panne , i. a skin ) it signifieth in Common-law , a Schedule , or Roll , containing the names of such Jurors ; as the Sheriffe provideth to passe upon any tryal . Pangonie , ( Greek ) a kinde of precious stone , so called from its multitudes of Angles . A Panguts , ( as it were all guts ) a drossel , a gorbelly , an unweildy fellow . Panick , or Painick , ( lat . ) a certain kinde of Grain like unto Millet , also Panick fear , a sudden fear , or distraction from god Pan , who was the first that coming on a sudden upon his enemies with much noise and tumult , cast a mighty terrour and amazement into them . Panifice , ( lat . ) a making of bread . Pannade ▪ ( French ) the curvetting , or prauncing of a lusty horse . Pannage , ( in French Pasnage , ( the money taken by Agistors , for feeding of Hoggs with the mast of the Kings Forrest . Pannicle , ( lat . ) a little piece of Cloath , also the fleshy Pannicle , a Term in Anatomy , being the membrane , or skin , which lies next under the fat of the paunch . Pannier , ( French ) a dosser , or basket to put bread in . Pannonia , see Hungaria . Panomphaean , an Epithete of Jupiter , it comes from the Greek words Pan. i. all , and Omphe , i. a voice , because he was worship'd in all languages . Panoply , ( Greek ) compleat Armour , or Harnesse . Pansie , a kinde of flowr , vulgarly called hearts-ease . Pans●phie , ( Greek ) wisdom , or knowledge in all things . Pantagruelist , ( French ) a merry drunkard , or good fellow . Pantarb , a precious stone , called in Spanish Pantarva , in English the stone of the Sun. Panters , toiles to take deer with . Pantheologie , ( Greek ) the whole summe of divinity . Pantheon , ( Greek ) an ancient Temple in Rome , dedicated to all the heathen gods , and since by Pope Boniface the 4th . to the Virgin Marie and all the Saints . Panther , ( lat . ) a kinde of spotted beast , the Leopard , or Libard being the Male , the Panther , the Female . Pantomime , ( Greek ) a player , one that can act all parts , and counterfeit all kinde of persons . Panurgie , ( Greek ) craft , or skill in all kinde of matters . Papal , ( lat . ) belonging to the Pope , who is called Papa , being a contraction of the two words Pater Patrioe . Papaverous , ( lat . ) belonging to Chestoul or Poppy . Papelardise , ( French ) hypocrisie , or dissembling . Paphus , the son of Pygmalion , the son of Cilix and Eburnea , for Pygmalion being an excellent graver , came into the Island of Cyprus , made the statue of a woman so admirable , that he fell in love with it , and prayed to Venus that he might have a wife as like as might be , to the statue he had made , which prayer was granted , and he coming home one time found the statue enlivened , with whom having lain he begat Paphus , who became King of Cyprus , and built a Citie which he called by his own name , and dedicated it to Venus , who was thence called the Paphian Queen . Papian Law , see Popaean Law. Papulosity , ( lat . ) a fulnesse of blisters , or pimples , called in Latin Papulae . Papyrius Cursor , a famous Roman Captain , who in the war against the Samnites was made Dictator , and gave a totall overthrow to the Enemy , after they had beat the Romans at a place called ●urcae Caudinae . Parabien , ( Span. ) a congratulation , or bidding of joy . Parable , ( Greek ) a declaration , or exposition of one thing by another , which is like a similitude , or comparison . Paracelsian , a Physician that in curing of diseases followeth the Method of Paracelsus . Paraclete , ( Greek ) a comforter ; the holy Ghost is sometimes so called in Scripture . Parackmastical , ( lat . ) diminishing , or declining by little and little from the violence of a hot fit in a feaver . Parade , ( French ) a Term in Military Discipline , being an appearance of Souldiers at a set time to receive Orders ; also any great preparation , or appearance . Paradigme , ( Greek ) a pattern , or example . Paradise , ( Greek ) a place of pleasure . Paradox , ( Greek ) a thing which seemeth strange and absurd , and is contrary to common opinion . Paradoxologie , ( Greek ) a speaking by Paradoxes . Paradrome , ( Greek ) a walk , or gallery that hath no shelter over head . Paraenetical , ( Greek ) apt to perswade , or admonish . Parage , ( old word ) parentage . Paragogical , ( Greek ) belonging to the figure Paragoge , which is an adding of a letter , or syllable at the end of a word . Paragon , ( French ) a Compeer , an equal ; also a Peerlesse Dame , one without compare . A Paragraphe , ( Greek ) a full head , or title in any kinde of writing ; as much as is comprehended in one section , it is also called a Pillkrow . Paralipomenon , ( Greek ) a title commonly given to such books as briefly contain those things , which are either omitted , or imperfectly handled in others ; in the Old Testament , there are two books , so called . Parallax , the difference between the true place , or apparent place of a Comet , Eclipse , or Planet , by reason we behold it from the superficies not from the center . Parallels , ( Greek ) a Term in Geometry , lines running at an equal distance one from the other and never meeting , in Astronomy they are certain imaginary Circles in the Globe , for the better Calculation of the degrees of Northern , or Southern Latitude . Parallel , ( Greek ) to compare . Parallelogram , ( Greek ) a certain Geometrical figure , wherein on each side the lines run parallel one to another . Paragolisme , ( Greek ) a fallacious , or deceitfull way of arguing , wherein from true extreams , a false conclusion is brought out . Paralytick , ( Greek ) sick of a Paralysie , or palsie being a disease which causeth a resolution , or loosening of the sinews . Paraments , robes of state . Lord Paramount , in Common-law , is the highest Lord of the Fee , as he that holdeth of a Superiour Lord , yet hath a Tenant under him , is called Lord of the Mesne , but the lowest Tenant is called Tenant paravail . Paramour , a Lover , or Sweetheart . Paranymph , ( Greek ) he , or she that is joyn'd with the Bridegroom , or Bride , to see all things well ordered at a Wedding , also one that maketh a speech in commendation of those that are to commence Doctors . Parapet , ( French ) a Term in fortification , a wall , or battlement of a wall , brest , to defend from the enemies shot . Paraph , ( Greek ) a subsignature , or flourishing mark set under ones name in signing a letter or deed , also a mark in the margent of a book . Paraphonalia , or Paraphernalia , a word in the Civil-law , signifying those goods which a wife bringeth her husband over and above her dowr , as Jewels , Apparel , Plate , &c. Paraphrase , ( Greek ) an exposition , which altereth the words , yet holdeth the sence of the thing expounded . Parasang , a certain measure of ground , containing thirty stades , or furlongs . Paraselinii , the same that Paretii , and those happen to the Sun , and these to the Moon . Parasite , ( Greek ) a smell feast , a flatterer , a belly-friend . Paravaile , see Paramount . Parazon , a wood-knife . Parbreak , ( old word ) vomit . A Parbunkle , ( a Term in Navigation ) a roap seased together at both ends ; and so put double about the Cask to holse it in by . Parcae , the three Destenies , Clotho , Lachesis , and Atropos . Parcinarie , in Common-law , is a holding of Land , by two , or more pro indiviso ; or by Joynt-Tenants , otherwise called Copartners . Parciloquy , ( Lat. ) a moderation in words , a speaking little . Parcity , ( lat . ) thrift , sparingnesse , frugality . Pard , ( lat . ) a certain beast , called a Libard . Pareil , the name of one of the sorts of Characters , or Letters used by Printers , the rest being Nonpareil , Brevier , Long-primer , and Pica . Parental , ( lat . ) belonging to Parents , or ancestours . Parentation , ( lat . ) a celebrating of funerals . Parelii , mock-suns appearing on each side of the Sun , occasioned by a thick Cloud gathered together toward the side of the Sun , in which the broken beams of the Sun being gathered , the very same of the Sun is represented to us therein . Parenthesis , ( Greek ) the interrupting of a sentence , by interposing a clause , which being removed , the sence would neverthelesse remain intire . Parenticide , ( lat . ) a killing of ones Parents . Parergie , see Lantskip . Parian Marble , see Paros . Paricide , ( lat . ) from Paricida ) a murtherer of his father , or mother ; also any hainous murtherer , but from paricidium , it signifieth the act it self . Parilian , or Palilian feasts , see Pales . Paris , the son of Priamus , and Hecuba , he was also called Alexander , whom his mother caused to be nursed up privately on the Mountain Ida by the shepherds , where , coming to age he fell in Love with the Nymph Oenone , and lying with her , had two Children by her ; afterwards , there growing a contention between the three goddesses , Juno , Pallas , and Venus , they agreed to submit themselves to the judgement of Paris ; Juno proffering him a Kingdom , Pallas wisdom , and Venus the handsomest of women , whereupon he gave his judgement for Venus ; soon after he was returned home , he was sent into Greece as an Ambassadour to demand Hesione , and being intertained by Menelaus , he fell in Love with Helena his wife , and Menelaus being absent about some affairs , he soon won her to his desires , and carried her away with him by stealth , whereupon there immediately grew a violent warre between the Greeks and the Trojans , wherein after nine years siege Troy was taken , and Paris ( having shot Achilles in the heel with his Bow and Arrows in the Temple of Apollo , whither he had led him under pretence of marrying him to his sister Polixena ) was himself slain by Pyrrhus , the son of Achilles . Parish or Parochial Church , is that which is instituted for the saying of Divine Service to the people dwelling within a certain compasse of ground near unto it , the other Churches being either Cathedral , that is where the Bishop hath his chair or seat , and conventual consisting of Dean and Chapter , or of regular Clerks professing some order of Religion . Parisyllabical Nounes , ( a term in Grammar ) those Nounes which consist of equal syllables , or those Nouns that have not more syllables in one Case than in another . Parity , ( lat . ) equallity or evennesse . Park , an Inclosure or place fenced about for the keeping of Deer , or any other sort of wild beasts ; it seems to be derived from the Latin word Parcus which Varro useth in the same sense . Parliament , ( Ital. q. parlar la mente ) the chief Assembly and Council of a Kingdom met together to make or correct Laws , and to debate matters touching the Common-wealth : in this Kingdom it used to consist of the King and the three Estates of the Realm , i. the Lords Spiritual , Lords Temporal , and Commons . Parmacety , a pretious and very excellent confection , so called from Parma a City of Italy between Placentia and Cremonia , or because it is made of the seed of the Whale which is called Sperma Ceti . Parmesan , an inhabitant of Parma , also a sort of cheese so called because it is made in that City . Parnassus , a Mountain of Phocis in Greece , sacred to Apollo and the Muses , who are thence called Parnassides , it hath two tops , whereof one is called Tithorea the other Hyampeus . A Parnel , a pretty woman-lover . Parochial , see Parish . A lease Parole , in Common Law , is a lease made onely by word of mouth , also when a prisoner of war hath liberty given him upon his word to return at such a time , he is said to go upon his Parole , which in French signifieth a word or saying . Paros , an Island of the Aegean Sea , one of the Cyclades , it is so called from Paros the son of Jason ; in this Island there is an excellent sort of Marble called Parian Marble . Paroxysme , ( Greek ) the accesse or fit in an Ague or Feaver . Parrells , a term in Navigation , those things made of trucks , ribs and ropes , which go about the mast and are at both ends made fast to the yard . Parrhasius , a famous Painter , the first that painted by the life , he drew the picture of a linnen Tablecloth so admirablely , that Zeuxis looking on it , bid him take away the cloth that he might see the picture underneath it . Parsimony , ( lat . ) sparingnesse , frugality , good husbandry . Partage , ( French ) a partition , sharing or dividing . Parthenian , ( Greek ) belonging to Virgins or Virginity . Parthenope , the name of one of the Syrens that indeavoured to insnare Vlisses and his companions , also the ancient name of a famous City of Italy , now called Naples . Parthia , a Country of Asia , whose inhabitants were anciently a very warlike people ; it is now called Arach . Partiality , ( lat . ) an inclining more to one part than to the other . Participation , ( lat . ) a being partaker , a giving or taking part with any one . Participle , ( lat . ) one of the parts of speech in Grammar , so called because it partakes both of the Noune , and of the Verb. Particle , ( lat . ) a parcel , a small part or portion . Partile aspect , when two Planets are both in the same number of degrees and minutes either by conjunction or aspect . Partition , ( lat . ) a parting , sharing , or dividing . Partisan , ( French ) a partaker or partner , also a leading-staff or javelin . Partlet , a word used in some old Statutes , signifying the loose collar of a dublet to be set on or taken off by it self without the bodies , also a womans neckercheif . Partners , those timbers which are bolted to the beams and do compass the shoot in the mast at the deck . Parturient , ( lat . ) travelling or being about to bring forth . Parvity , ( lat . ) littlenesse , smallnesse . Pas a pas , ( French ) leasurely . Pascage , ( French ) grazing or feeding of cattel . Paschal , ( lat . ) belonging to the Pasche , i. the Jewish Passeover , also the Feast of Easter . Pascuous , ( lat . ) belonging to pasturage or feeding of cattel . Pasiphae , see Minos . Pasquil , or P●squin , a certain statue or image in Rome whereon all Satyricall invectives were wont to be fixt and father'd as the Author , whence it is commonly used for any slanderous libell or defamatory book . Passade , ( French ) an alms or benevolence given to a passenger , also a posture in the management of a horse . Passant , ( French ) going or passing by , a term in Heraldry . A Passartdo , a rope wherewith we hale down the sheat-blocks of the main and fore sails when they are haled aft the clew of the main sail to the cubbridge head of the main mast . Passe-flower , a certain kind of flower , otherwise called Pulsatil . Passenger , a kind of small trained hawk called in French Pellerin . Passeport , ( French q. passer le port ) a licence made by any that hath authority for the safe passage of any man from one place to another , a passe or safe conduct . Passibility , ( lat . ) an aptnesse or ableness to suffer . Passion , ( lat . ) a suffering , also an affection of the mind , also in Poems and Romances it is more peculiarly taken for the passion of love . Artam . Passive , ( lat . ) suffering or bearing . Pastill , ( lat . ) a lump of any kinde of paste made up into a little long rolle , also woade . Pastern , the huckle bone of any beasts foot . Pastilication , ( lat . ) a making any thing into the form of a pill or round ball Pastination , ( lat . ) a digging or delving of ground . Paston , a Townlet in Northfolk , giving sirname and residence to an honourable Family of this County . Pasture , ( lat . ) a feeding . Pastophories , ( Greek ) the most honourable order of Priests among the Egyptians . Pastoral , ( lat . ) belonging to a shepherd or rural life , whence a pastoral Song . Pasvolant , ( French ) one that is foisted by a Captain into his Company on a muster-day , whence it is taken for a hireling or base fellow . Pataque , ( French ) a Neapolitan com worth a hundred quadrins . Patart , a Dutch coin , five whereof amount to six pence . Patee , a term in Heraldry , as a crosse Patee , i. e. a crosse whose ends are broad and opened . Patefaction , ( lat . ) a making open , also a discovering or making manifest . Patelena , see Matura . Patelin , ( French ) a flatterer , cogger , or deceiver . Paten , a kind of wooden shooe , from the Greek word Pateo , i. to tread under foot , also a little flat saucer used by the Priests with the chalice at Masse . Letters Patents , see Letters . Patency , ( lat . ) a being uncovered , a lying open . Paterguardian , a title given to the chief of the Franciscan Fryars in their Monasteries . Paternal , ( lat . ) fatherly , belonging to a father . Pathetical , ( Greek ) apt to perswade or move the affections . Pathology , ( Greek ) that part of physick which treats of the causes and differences of diseases . Patible , ( lat . ) to be suffered or indured . Patibulary , ( lat . ) belonging to a gallows . Patin , ( lat . ) a kind of platter , charger , or bason . Patonce , a term in Heraldry , as a crosse Patonce , i. e. whose ends are both broad and as it were three wayes hooked . Patration , ( lat . ) a doing any thing , a finishing any work . Patriarchate , ( lat . ) the estate , dignity , or chief seat , of a Patriarch , i. the first father of a Family or Nation . Patricians , ( lat . ) those men among the Romans who were accounted of the most noble , as being descended of Senatours . Patrick , the proper name of a man , from the Latin word Patricius , a Peer or Statesman . Patricide , see Parricide . Patrimonial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Patrimony , i. an inheritance or estate left by a father to his children . Patrocination , ( lat . ) a defending the quarrel , or maintaining the right of any one . Patroclus , the son of Menoetius and Sthenele , he having slain Cleonymus the son of Amphidamas , fled to Phia , where he was intertained by Peleus , and together with Achilles educated by the Centaure Chiron , afterwards he went to the wars of Troy with Achilles , with whom he had contracted an inviolable friendship , and when Achilles having made a defection from the Grecian Army could by no means be won to fight with Hector , he at last was prevailed with to send Patroclus in his stead , and with his own armour , in which fight Patroclus being slain , Achilles then whom no other respect could move , would fight to revenge the death of his friend , and having new arms made for him by Vulcan , he fought with Hector and slew him . Patronal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Patron , i. an advocate , defender , or pleader ; also in Civil Law , a Patron is taken for him that hath manumitted a servant and thereby challength of him certain reverence and duty during his life , and in the Canon Law for him that hath the gift of a Benefice . Patronymicks , ( Greek ) those names which men derive from their fathers or ancestours with some little addition , as Aeneades from Aeneas . Patulication , ( lat . ) a being opened , or made wide . Pauciloquy , ( lat . ) a speaking few words , little talk . Paucity , ( lat . ) fewnesse , a being of a little or small number . Pavefaction , ( lat . ) a terrifying or making afraid . A Pavese , or Pavice , ( Ital. ) a large shield which covereth the whole body . Pavidity , ( lat . ) timerousnesse , fearfulnesse . Pavillion , ( French ) a Tent , or Tabernacle of State. Pavin , ( Span. ) a kind of Dance so called . Paul , the proper name of a man , signifying in Hebrew , wonderful or rest . Paulin , a diminutive from Paul. Paunage , see Pannage . Pavoisade , or Pavezado , ( French and Spanish ) a target defence in Gallies whereby the slaves are defended from the small shot of the enemy . Pavonine , ( lat . ) belonging to a peacock or peahen . Pausade , ( French ) a pausing or resting . Pausanias , the son of Cleombrotus , he was a famous Lacedemonian Captain and won many Victories in the wars against the Athenians , also a Macedonian youth who slew Philip of Macedon , because having received a rape , and complaining often of it to Philip , he could receive no redresse . Payn , the proper name of a man , in Latin Paganus , a Villager . P E Pean , the same as Erminois , a term in Heraldry . See Erminois . Pearch , a rod or pole wherewith land is measured , fourty whereof in length , and four in breadth make an acre , it containeth sixteen foot and a half . Pearles , a sort of Gemms which are bred in some kind of shell-fishes . Peccadillo , ( Span. ) a little crime or fault . Peccant , ( lat . ) sinning , committing a crime . Pectination , ( lat . ) a kembing , also a raking together of Corn. Pectoral , ( lat . ) belonging to the brest , also used substantively for a brestplate , peitrel , or stomacher . Pecuarious , ( lat . ) belonging to beasts , or cattel . Peculation , ( lat . ) a robbing of the Prince or Common-wealth . The Court of Peculiars , a certain Court in the Bishops time , which dealt in certain Parishes exempt from the Bishops jurisdiction in some Diocesses , and were peculiarly belonging to the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury . Peculiation , ( lat . ) a taking away a mans goods . Pecuniary , ( lat . ) belonging to money . Pedage , ( lat . ) money given for passing by foot or horse through any Countrey . Pedal , ( lat . ) containing a foot in measure . Pedaneous , ( lat . ) going on foot . Pedantism , ( French ) the office of an ordinary School-master or Pedant . Pedation , ( lat . ) a propping or setting up of vines . Pedature , ( lat . ) an assignment of so many foot to workmen in digging or building . Pederasty , or Paederasty , ( Greek ) buggery , or a lusting after boyes . Pedestal , ( French ) a term in Architecture , the basis or foot of a pillar . Pedestrial , ( lat . ) going on foot , belonging to the foot . Pedicle , ( lat . ) a little foot , also the stalk of any fruit or flower . Pedobaptism , or Paedobaptism , ( Greek ) Infant-baptism , the baptizing of Children . Pedotribe , or Paedotribe , ( Greek ) one that instructs children how to exercise their bodies . Peere , ( French ) a Fortresse made against the force of the Sea , also Peers q. pares , i , equals are the Nobles or chief Lords in Parliament : this denomination is thought to be derived from the 12 Peers of France instituted by Charles the great , or Lewis the younger ; also in Common Law those that are impanneled upon Enquest are called Peers . Pegasean , ( lat . ) swift , from Pegasus the winged horse of Perseus . Pejeration , ( lat . ) a forswearing . Pejoration , ( lat . ) a making worse . Peitrel , or Poitral , ( French ) the brest-leather of a horse . Pelagians , a sort of Hereticks so called from Pelagius their first founder ; they denied original sin , and had many other erroneous tenets . Pelasgi , an ancient people of Greece , so called from Pelasgus the son of Jupiter and Larissa , they inhabited a part of the Peloponnessus called Pelasgia . Pelias , the son of Neptune and Tyro the daughter of Salmoueus , he was the brother of Aeson King of Thessaly , and meditating the ruine of his brothers son , he sent him to Colchos for the Golden Fleece , he was at last slain by his daughters at the instigation of Medea . Pelion , a mountain of Thessaly which the Titans when they made war against the gods heaped upon Ossa a neighbouring mountain ▪ the top of this mountain is thick set with Pine trees , and hangeth over the Pelasgian Gulph . Pellican , a certain bird that pecking her own brest , draweth blood thence to feed her young ones . Pelliculation , ( lat . ) a deceiving with fair words . Pellicle , ( lat . ) a little skin or thin rind . Pellucid , ( lat . ) clear , bright , shining thorough . Pel-mel , ( French ) confusedly , one with another . Pelopaea , the daughter of Thyestes , who being got with child by her father , brought forth Aegysthus . Peloponnesus , a Country of Greece , lying upon the Adriatick Sea , it was anciently called Pelasgia , now Morea . Pelops , the son of Tantalus King of Phrygia , by Taygete , he , when his father had invited the gods to a Feast , was killed and set before them to eat , from the eating of which when all the gods abstained , onely Ceres eat up his shoulder , for which Jupiter restoring him to life again , made him an Ivory shoulder , he being to run with Oenomaus King of Elis , was to marry his daughter Hippodamia on condition he won the race , which he did by corrupting Myrtilus the Chariot-driver of Oenomans . See Myrtilus . Pelota , the ball of the foot , from the French Pelote , i. a ball . Clerk of the Pels , an officer of the Exchequer , who enters every tellers bill in a parchment roll called pellis receptorum , i. the skin or roll of receipts , and makes another roll of payments called Pellis exituum . Peltiferous , ( lat . ) a Target-bearer , he that carrieth a Pelt which is a kind of Target made of skins . Peltwool , wool pulled off the pelt or skin of a dead sheep . Pelure , rich Fur. Pelusium , one of the seven mouths of Nile now called Damiata . Pembroke , the chief Town of Pembrokeshire , in Brittish called Penbro , i. a Cape or Head of the Sea , Pen signifying in the Brittish tongue , a head . It hath a little Castle ( built by Arnulph of Montgomery , brother to the Earle of Shrewsbury ) which Girald his Constable valiantly holding out with a small Garrison against the force of all South-Wales laying siege to it , thereby purchased to himself much honour , and raised his Family to a great height , from which the Giraldines and Fitzgiralds in Ireland are descended . Penarious , ( lat . ) belonging to victuals or provision . Penates , ( lat . ) houshold-gods . Pencills , certain small instruments made of Bears , Ermin's or Hogs hairs put into quills of several sizes , which Painters use to paint withal . A Pendant , a Jewel , q. Pendent , i. hanging down , also Pendants in a Ship , are short ropes made fast at one end either to the head of the mast or to a yard , or to the clew of a sail . Pendiloches , ( French ) a term in Jewelling , the lowest part of Jewels that dangle and hang down . Pendulous , ( lat . ) hanging down in a rope , clammy . Penelope , the daughter of Icarius and the wife of Vlisses , she being careful to preserve her chastity in her husbands absence , being importuned by many suiters , who having been put off a great while , were at last resolved to ravish her ; she desired onely so much time till she had made an end of what was upon her distaff , which when she had obtaind , she ravelled over night what she had spun in the day time , by which means she put them off till her husband returned home . Penetrable , ( lat . ) to be pierced or bored thorough . Peneus , a River of Thessaly , upon whose bank Daphne was turned into a Laurel-tree , near unto which is a most pleasant Vallie , called the Peneian Vallie . Peninsule , ( lat . ) a tract of Land , which is almost an Island , onely joyned to the continent by a narrow neck of Land , called an Isthmus . Penitential , ( lat . ) sorrowfull , penitent , also moving to repentance . Penitentiary , ( lat . ) a Priest that imposeth what penance upon an offender he thinks fit ; also a place in Rome , where Priests sit and hear the confessions of those that come unto them to that end . Pennigerous , ( lat . ) bearing feathers , winged , feathered . Pennant , see Pendant . Pennocrucium , the ancient name of a Town in Staffordshire , called from thence at this day Pencridge . Penon , ( French ) a flagge ▪ or banner in warre ; also a streamer in a ship , also a Term in Heraldry . Penoncels , little Penons . Pensans , ( i. the Cape , or head of Saints , or as some interpret it , the head of sands ) near which is that famous Rock , called Main-Amber , or Marine-Amber , which being equally counterpoised upon a lesser Rock , may be stirred by the push of a finger , but cannot be removed out of its place by a multitude of men . Pensitation , or Pensiculation , ( lat . ) a diligent considering , weighing , or pondering . Pension , ( lat . ) a stipend , or ordinary payment . Pensive , ( French ) sad , heavy , sorrowfull . Pentahedrical figure , ( Greek ) a Mathematical Term , being a figure which hath five sides . Pentaglottical , ( Greek ) skilfull in five tongues , having several languages . Pentagonal , ( Greek ) having angles , or corners . Pentameter , ( Greek ) a verse consisting of five feet . Pentasticks , ( Greek ) Stanza's , consisting of five verses ; also Porches having five rows of Pillars . Pentateuch , ( Greek ) the five books of Moses ; also any volume consisting of five books . Pentecontarck , ( Greek ) a Captain that hath the command of fifty men . Pentecost , ( Greek ) the feast of Whitsuntide , so called , because it is the 50th . day from Christs resurrection . Penthesilea , a Queen of the Amazons , who coming to help the Trojans , was slain by Achilles . Pentheus , the son of Echion and Agave , the daughter of Cadmus , he was torn in pieces by his mother and sister , for despising the rites of Bacchus . Penurie , ( lat . ) want , need , poverty . Pepin , a King of the Francks , and father of Charles the Great , he reduced the Lombards to the obedience of the Church , for which he had the title of most Christian King , bestowed upon him and his successours by Pope Zacharie . Peple , ( lat . ) a hood , or kerchief ; also a a kinde of imbroidered vesture . Pepti●k , ( Greek ) concoctive , or digestive . Peracter , a Mathematical instrument , the same as circumferentor . Peraction , ( lat . ) a performing , or finishing a businesse . Peragration , ( lat . ) a travelling , or wandring about . Perambulation , ( lat . ) a walking through or about . Perangust , ( lat . ) very narrow . Percepier , a certain Herb , growing in some parts of Somersetshire , it hath small flowrs of a greenish hew , and is good to provoke urine . Per●eptible , ( lat . ) perceiveable , or to be apprehended . The Perch-stone , a white stone found in the head of a Perch . Percival , a proper name from Percheval , a Town in Normandy . Percolation , ( lat . ) a straining through . Percontation , or Percunction , ( lat . ) a diligent searching , inquiring , or demanding . Percullis , see Poursuivant at Arms. Percussion , ( lat . ) a striking , or hitting . Perdiccas , a stout Macedonian , one of the Commanders of Alexander the Great . Perdition , ( lat . ) destruction , utter losse . Perdix , the Nephew of Daedalus , he found out the use of the saw , for which being envied of his Uncle , and by him cast down from a high Towr , he was changed into a Patridge . Perduction , ( lat . ) a leadingh through . Perdues , a Term in Military discipline , certain chosen Companies , who are put upon the most desperate services ; from the French word Perdu , i. lost . Perduellion , or Perduellisme , ( lat . ) an open act of Hostility . Perduration , ( lat . ) a lasting very long . Peregrine , the proper name of a man , in Latin Peregrinus , i. out-landish ; also a Hawk of the kinde of Falcons . Peregrination , ( lat . ) a going on Pilgrimage , a travailing into far Countreys ; in Astronomy it is an essential debility , as when a Planet is in a sign , wherein he is altogether a stranger , by being neither in his House , Exaltation , Trine ▪ Term , or face : and therefore then he is very weak . Peremptorie , ( lat . ) absolute , without exexception , or excuse , from Perimere , i. utterly to take away . Perendination , ( lat . ) a putting off for a day . Perennity , ( lat . ) continuance , long lastingnesse . Pererration , ( lat . ) a wandring up and down . Perfidie , ( lat . ) treachery , falsness , breach of faith , or trust . Perforation , ( lat . ) a boring , or piercing through . Perfretation , ( lat . ) a wading through . Perfrication , or Perfriction , ( lat . ) a rubbing , or chasing throughly . Perfunctorie , ( lat . ) carelesly , or negligently done . Pergamus , a Citie of Natolia , where Parchment , or Vellum was invented , which is thence called Pergamena . † Pergraphical , ( Greek ) work-man-like , artificial . Periander , a Tyrant of Corinth , the son of Cypselus , he was accounted one of the seven wise-men of Greece . Pericardie , ( Greek ) the film , or thin skin , wherein the heart is enwrapped . Periclitation , ( lat . ) an adventuring , hazarding , or endangering . Pericranie , ( Greek ) the hairy scalp , or skin that covereth the skull . Perigee , ( Greek ) that point of heaven , wherein the Sun , or any other Starre is nearest the Center of the earth . Perillus , see Phalaris . Perimeter , ( Greek ) the outermost line of any solid body ; also a verse that hath a syllable above the just measure . Perioch , ( Greek ) an argument , containing briefly the summe of an ensuing discourse . Periodical , ( Greek ) belonging to a period , i. e. the Term of time wherein any thing is finisht ; also the end of a perfect sentence . Perioici , or Perioeci , those that dwell in the same climate . Peripateticks , ( from the Greek word Peripatein , i. to walk ) the Disciples and followers of Aristotle , who was wont to teach walking . Periphelium , ( Greek ) that point of the heaven , wherein the earth , or any other Planet is nearest to the Sun. Peripherie , ( Greek ) as it were a carrying about the circumference , or round crooking line of a Circle . Periphrastical , ( Greek ) spoken by a Periphrase , i. circumloquution , or expressing a thing by many words . Peripneumonical , ( Greek ) sick of a Peripneumony , i. a disease which causeth an inflammation of the Lungs , and shortnesse of breath . Periscians , ( Greek ) those that dwell where the shadows are cast round about them . Perissologie , ( Greek ) a redundancy , or superfluity of speech . Peristaltick , ( Greek ) having the power to strain , or presse together . Perit , a certain measure , being the 20th . part of a Droit , a Droit the 24th . part of a Mite , a Mite the 20th . of a Grain , a Grain the 24th . part of a penny-weight , and a penny-weight the 20th . part of an Ounce , 24. blanks make a Perit . Peritoneum , the caule , which is extended over the bowels , and vessels that lye between the Diaphragma and the thighes . Perjuration , see Pejeration . Perkin , a proper name , as it were Peterkin , i. little Peter , the particle Kin , being in the Saxon language a note of diminution . Permagies , a sort of Turkish boat . Permanent , ( lat . ) durable , very lasting . Permeation , ( lat . ) a going , or passing through . Permission , ( lat . ) a suffering , or giving leave . Permistion , ( lat . ) a mingling well together . Permutation , ( lat . ) an exchanging one with another . Pernel , the Christian name of divers women from Petronilla , pretty stone . Pernicious , ( lat . ) hurtfull , destructive , dangerous . Pernicity , ( lat . ) swiftnesse . Pernoctation , ( lat . ) a tarrying all night . Pernour of profits , ( French ) a taker of profits , a Termin Common-law . Peroration , ( lat . ) the conclusion , or last part of an Oration . Pero , the sister of Nestor and Periclimenes , and the daughter of Neleus and Chloris , she was married to Bryas , the son of Amythaon and Aglaia , after he had brought Neleus the Oxen , which Hercules took from Diomedes . Perpenders , or Perpent stones , stones fitted to the thicknesse of a wall . Perpendicle , ( lat . ) a Plumb-line , whence Perpendicular , i. falling directly down , and inclining neither way . Perpenna , a famous Roman overthrown by Pompey , he slew Sertorius at a Banquet . Perpension , or Perpensation , ( lat . ) a diligent weighing , considering , or examining . Perpession , ( lat . ) a suffering , or induring . Perpetration , ( lat . ) a committing , acting or atchieving any thing . Perpetuation , ( lat . ) a making a thing continue , or abide everlastingly . Perplexity , ( lat . ) doubtfulnesse , incertainty ; also trouble , or anguish of minde . Perplication , ( lat . ) a folding through . Perquisites , ( lat . ) those profits that accrew to a Lord of a Mannour over and above his yearly Rents , by virtue of his Court Baron . Perquisition , ( lat . ) a diligent searching , or inquiring . Perry wright , ( old word ) imbroidered with precious stones . Perscrutation , ( lat . ) a searching throughly , or into the depth of any thing . Perse , sky colour . Persecution , ( lat . ) a following after any one , to do them harm . Perseverance , ( lat . ) constancy , firmnesse , stedfastnesse in any thing . Perseus , the son of Jupiter and Danae , see Danae , and Andromeda . Persia , a famous Countrey in the Eastern part of the world ; so called from Perses , the son of Perseus and Andromeda , its famous Citie Persepolis was destroyed by Alexander , at the request of Lais. Personable , a Term in Law , inabled to hold Plea in Court ; as , he was made personable by Parliament ; that is , he was made able to stand in Court. Personality , ( a Law-Term ) an abstract of personal , as the action is in the per●onalty ; that is , brought against the right person , against whom in Law it lieth . Personate , ( lat . ) to sound very loud ; also to represent the person of another . Perspective , ( lat . ) the art of advantaging the sight by the contrivance of glasses , being a branch of Opticks . Perspicacity , ( lat . ) quicknesse of sight , or apprehension . Perspicil , ( lat . ) a kinde of mirrour , or looking-glasse , wherein the form of any thing is clearly represented . Perspicuity , ( lat . ) clearnesse , easinesse to be seen through . Perspiration , ( lat . ) a breathing through . Perterebration , ( lat . ) a boring through with a wimble . Perthia , or Perth , a large and plentifull Countrey in the North-part of Scotland . Pertinacie , or Pertinacity , ( lat . ) obstinatenesse , stifnesse in opinion . Pertinent , ( lat . ) pertaining , or belonging unto . Pertingent , ( lat . ) joyning , or reaching near unto . Aelius Pertinax , a Roman Emperour ; so called because he obstinately refused the Empire when it was offered him , he was slain in his Palace by the Praetorian Souldiers at the instigation of Didius Julianus , who succeeded . Pertingent lines in Heraldry , vide Entire . Pertransient lines in Heraldry , vide Entire . Perne , a great Province in America , or the West-Indies , having in it a famous Citie of the same name . Perturbation , ( lat . ) a disquieting , or troubling . Pervade , ( lat . ) to go through , or into . Pervagation , ( lat . ) a straying , or wandring through , or up and down . Perversity , ( lat . ) frowardnesse , crosnesse , overthwartnesse . Pervert , ( lat . ) to corrupt , to overthrow , or turn upside down . Pervestigation , ( lat . ) a finding out by diligent seeking . Pervicacy , ( lat . ) obstinacy , or stubbornnesse . Pervigilation , ( lat . ) a watching all night . Pervise , ( a rail , or barre ) also a conference among young pleaders and Students in the Law , it was so called in ancient time , and seemeth to be the same with that which we now call mooting . Pervious , ( lat . ) easie to be passed through . Pessary , ( lat . ) a kinde of suppository made of soft wool . Pessundation , ( lat . ) a putting to the worst , a casting under foot . Pestiferous , ( lat . ) bringing Pestilence and destruction , unwholesome . Petalisme , ( Greek ) a manner of banishment among the Siracusians , which was inflicted by writing the offenders name upon an Olive leaf . Petard , ( French ) a kinde of Engine like a Mortar , wherewith strong gates are burst open in war. Petarrade , ( French ) a gun-shot of farting , a yerking out of a horse behind , commonly accompained with farting . Petaurist , ( Greek ) a tumbler or dancer on the ropes . Peter , the proper name of a man , from the Greek word Petra a rock . Peterpence , a tribute given by I●●s King of the West-Saxons being in pilgrimage at Rome in the year 720 , which was a penny for every house , it was also called the fee of Rome . Peters post , that famous delph or quarry of stone in Yorkshire , out of which the stones that built St. Peters Church in York were hewed , by the liberal grant of the Vavasours . Clerks of the Petit bag , three officers of Chancery who record the return of all inquisitions out of every Shire , all liveries granted in the Court of Wards , make all Patents of Customes , Gaugers , Controllers , &c. each record being put in a petit or little leather bag ; whence they had the denomination of Clerks of the Petit bag . Petitory , ( lat . ) belonging to a petition , i. a request or intreaty made by an inferiour to a Superiour . Petrary , the same as Ma●gonel . Petreius , a famous Roman Captain who was Caesars Legat in Gallia , but afterwards taking part with Pompey , he was overthrown in Mauritania , together with King Juba , whereupon they consented mutually together to kill one another . Petrification , ( lat . ) a making stony , a turning to stone . Petrobusians , a sort of Hereticks that denied the keeping of Feasts . Petrol , ( lat . ) a sort of marle or chalky clay ; some take it for a kind of Bitumen or Naphta . Petronel , a kind of Harquebuse , or Horsemans piece , so called because it is to aime at a horses brest . Petropolis , a Town in Northamptonshire , commonly called Peterborow , from a Monastery dedicated to St. Peter , begun by Penda , a Christian King of the Mercians & finisht by his brother Wolpher to expiate the crime of murdering his two sons Wolphald and Rufin . This Town was anciently called Medeswelhamsted or Medeshamsted , from Medeswell a deep whirlpool . Pettifogger , a silly Advocate , Attorny , or Lawyer ; fogen signifying in Dutch to comply or insinuate . Pettisergeantry , a certain tenure of Lands holden of the King by yeilding him a shield , bow , arrow , &c. Petulancy , ( lat . ) saucynesse , impudence , wantonnesse . Pexity , ( lat . ) the roughnesse of the web . P H Phaedra , the daught of Minos King of Creet , and the wife of Theseus , she contrived the destruction of her son in Law Hippolytus because he would not yeild to her allurements . See Hippolytus . Phaemonoe , a Virgin who first invented Heroick Verses , and who was the first Priestesse of Apollo at Delphos . Phaenomena , ( Greek ) appearances of Meteors or any other Signs in the Aire or Heavens . Phaeton , the son of Sol and Clymene , he , when Epaphus the son of Jupiter and Isis had objected to him that he was not the son of Phoebus , requested of his father that he might have the guidance of his chariot for one day , which being granted , he set the Heavens all of a flame , for which Jupiter struck him down with his thunder into the River Padus or Po. Phaetontiades , the sisters of Phaeton ▪ See Heliades . † Phagedaenick , ( Greek ) troubled with pimples , pushes , or breakings out in the body . Phalanx , ( Greek ) a Military squadron consisting of 8000 men , most in use among the Macedonians ; some think it was first invented by Phalanx , and from him so called ; he was the brother of Arachne , and was instructed in Military discipline by Pallas , and taught his sister the use of the needle , but afterwards lying with his sister , they were both turned into vipers by Pallas . Phalaris , a Tyrant of Agrigentum who caused Perillus , a rare Artificer , to make a brazen Bull wherein he tormented many by putting them into the belly of the Bull after it had been heated with a vehement fire , and among many others Perillus the author of it was served in the same manner . Phalerated , ( lat . ) dressed or adorned with trappings . Phaleucian verse , a verse consisting of eleven syllables , and five feet , viz. a dactyle , spondee , and three trochee's . Phanatick , ( lat . ) See Fanatick . Phantasie , ( Greek ) a representation of things to the phancy or imagination , a conceiving of things in the mind . Phantasm , ( Greek ) the same , also a false imagination or apparition , a vision of night-ghosts . Phao , a Lesbian youth , who receiving from Venus an Alabaster box of ointment , became therewith so beautiful , that the chief Dames of Mitylene especially Sappho fell in love with him . Phare , ( Greek ) a watch-tower or high place by the sea coast wherein lights continually shine to light Seamen to their Haven , so called from Pharos an Island in the Canopick mouth of Nile , where such a tower was built by Gnidius the Architect . Pharetriferous , ( lat . ) bearing a quiver of arrows . Pharisaism , hypocrisie , the profession and opinion of the Pharisees , who were a sect of the Jews so called from the Hebrew word Pharesh , i. to separate , because they were Interpreters of the Law , and separatists from the rest of the Jewish Church , pretending more holinesse than the rest of the people . Pharmaceutic● ▪ ( Greek ) belonging to Medicines or 〈◊〉 also that part of physick which treateth of Medicines . Pharnaces , the 〈◊〉 of Mithridates King of Pontus , who coming with a great army into Cappadocia was overthrown by Caesar. Pharsalus , a Town of Thessaly , seated upon the banks of the River Enipeus , near unto which are those famous fields where the great battel was fought between Caesar and Pompey , and between Augustus , Brutus , and Cassius . Phasm , ( Greek ) a surprising vision , or dazeling appearance of light . Phegeus , the father of Alphesibaea , he purged Al●maeon of his crime when he had slain his mother by his fathers command , and gave him his daughter Alphesibaea in marriage . Pheon , the head of a dart , a term in Heraldry . Pheron , the son of Sesostris King of Egypt , he being strook blind for shooting a dart into the the stream of Nilus , was advised by the oracle to wash his eyes in the urine of a woman that had known but one man , which having done , he recovered his sight . Phial , ( lat . ) a pot or glasse with a wide mouth , also a certain measure . Philadelphia , a City of Misia in Asia the Lesse , also the proper name of a woman , signifying in Greek brotherly or sisterly love . Philanthropy , ( Greek ) humanity , the love of mankind . Philargyry , ( Greek ) the love of silver , covetousnesse Philauty , ( Greek ) self-love . Philibert , the proper name of a man signifying in the German tongue , Bright and Famous . Philippolis , a City of Macedon , near which are the Philippick fields , where Augustus and M. Antony got the great victory over Brutus and Cassius . Philippus , the name of many famous men , especially the father of Alexander the Great , the word signifieth in Greek , a lover of horses ; there is also a coin of gold so called worth three shillings sterling . Phillis , the proper name of a woman , signifying in Greek , Lovely . Philoctetes , the son of Paeas , and the companion of Hercules , to him Hercules dying left his bow and arrows dipt in the Lernaean poison , and because the Delphian Oracle admonished that there was need of the arrows of Hercules , he was brought to the wars of Troy , where he received an almost irrecoverable wound by letting fall one of his arrows upon his foot , whereupon being ashamed to return lame into his own Country , he went into Calabria in Italy where he built Petilia , at length by the help of Machaon he was cured . Philology , ( Greek ) the love of learning or study . Philomela , the daughter of Pandion King of Athens , her sister Pr●gne was married to Tereus King of Thrace ( the son of Mars by the Nimph Bistonis ) who having ravisht Philomela and cut out her tongue , that she might not declare her sufferings to any one , she wrought the story of them with her needle , and sent it to her sister Progne , who in revenge caused her son Itys to be killed at the Feast of Bacchus , and set before Tereus , who following Progne with his sword drawn was changed into a Moorcock , Itys into a Pheasant , Progne into a Swallow , and Philomele into a Nightingale . † Philomusous , ( Greek ) a lover of the Muse. Philonomia , the daughter of Nyctinus and Arcadia , she , as she went a hunting one day with Diana , was got with child by Mars , and after she had brought forth twins she cast them into the River Erymanth●s , who being a little after found by the Shepherd Tyliphus sucking a she Woolf , they were brought up by Tyliphus , and being called Lycastus and Parrhasius , succeeded in the Kingdom of Arcadia . Philos●phical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Philosopher or Philosophy , i. the love and study of wisdom , knowledge of natural causes . Philotimy , ( Greek ) the love of honour . Philtre , ( Greek ) a potion , powder , or any kind of Medicine procuring love . Philyra , the daughter of Oceanus , with whom Saturn lying in the shape of a horse , begat the Centaur Chiron , who being wounded with one of the arrows of Hercules that had been dipt in Lernaean poison , wished to die , but being immortal was placed among the heavenly Signs , and called Sagitarius . Phineus , the son of Agenor , or as others say of Phoenix and Cassiopaea , he was King of Thrace , and had by his first wife Cleopatra , Orythus and Crambus , whose eyes he put out at the perswasion of his second wife Harpalice the sister of Zethes and Calais , for which he was strucken blind himself , and the Harpyes were sent against him who continually defiled his meat as it came to his table ; but at last they were driven by Zethes and Calais into the Strophades Islands , and Phineus himself was killed by Hercules after he understood that the children were blinded without a cause . Phlebotomy , ( Greek ) a cutting of a veine , a letting blood . Phlegmatick , ( Greek ) full of phlegm or fleam , i. one of the four humours of the body being cold and moist . Phlegmon , ( Greek ) a hot and red swelling of the body , caused by an inflammation of the blood . Phlegraean fields , certain fields of Thessaly , where the Gyants fought against the gods . Phlegyas , son of Mars and King of the Lapitheans in Thessaly , he was the father of Ixion and the Nimph Coronis , who being ravisht by Apollo , Phlegyas in revenge burnt his Temple , for which being cast into Hell , he remained in continual fear of the falling of a great stone which hung over his head . Phoebus , the son of Jupiter and Latona , born at the same birth with Diana , he is also called Apollo and Sol. Phoenix , ( Greek ) an Arabian Bird of which it is reported that there is but one of them in the World at a time , and that having lived 500 years , it builds a nest of combustible spices , which taking fire from the Sun , she fans it with her wings , and burns her self therein , out of whose ashes there springs up a new Phoenix ; It is also an ancient name of several famous men . Phorbas , the son of Priamus and Epithesia the daughter of Stasippus King of Mygdonia , he was , after many great atcheivements performed in the Trojan war , slain by Menelaus . Ph●rcys the son of Neptune and the Nimph Thesea , and father of Medusa , he was King of Corsica and Sardinia , and being overthrown by Atlas in a Sea-fight , was turned into a Deity of the Sea. Phospher , ( Greek ) as it were a bringer of light , the morning 〈◊〉 Phrase , ( Greek ) a 〈◊〉 peculiar manner and form of speech . Phrenetick , ( 〈◊〉 ) possessed with a Phrensie , i. a certain kind of madnesse , arising from an inflammation of the membranes of the brain . Phrygia , a Country of Asia the Lesse , bounding upon Caria , Lydia , and Bithynia , it is divided into the Greater Phrygia and the Lesser . Phryxus , the son of Athamas and Nephele , and the brother of Helle. See Ino and Helle. Phtisick , ( Greek ) a kind of Consumption accompanied with a Cough and Ulceration of the body . Phylarch , ( Greek ) the Govenour or chief Ruler of any Tribe or Family . Phylacteries , ( Greek ) scrolles of parchment having the ten Commandments written upon them , which the Pharisees were wont to wear about their necks and arms ; also preservatives against poison or witchcraft ; also places to keep things safe in . Phyllis , the daughter of Lycurgus King of Thrace , she hanged her self for the love of Demophoon , who she thought had neglected her , and was turned into an Almond tree . Physick , ( Greek ) natural Philosophy , also the Art of curing by Medicines . Physiognomy , ( Greek ) an Art which teacheth to know the dispositions of men by looking on their countenances , it is vulgarly called Phisnomy . Physiology , ( Greek ) a discourse of natural things , a handling of natural causes . P I Piacular , ( lat . ) able to absolve or clear a man from some hainous sin or offence . Pia mater , ( lat . ) a film or skin which encompasseth the brain . Piation , or Piacle , ( lat . ) a satisfaction for sin , a purging by sacrifice or intercession . Piazza , ( Ital. ) a great open place or broad street , a market-place . Picardy , a Province of that part of France called Gallia Belgica , whose chief City is Amiens . Piccage , money paid in a Fair for breaking up the ground to set up a standing or booth . Picenum , or Picentum , a Region of Italy between the Apennine hills and the Adriatick Sea , vulgarly called Marca Anconitana . Pickadil , ( from the Dutch word Pickedillekens ) the hem about the skirt of a garment , also the extremity or utmost part of any thing , also an Ordinary at St. James's so called . To Pickear , ( French picquer ) is when particular persons fight between two Armies before the main Battle is begun . Picle , or Pitle , ( from the Italian word Piccolo , i. little ) an inclosure or small close . Piepouders court , ( from the French word pied , i. a foot , and pouldreux , i. dusty ) a Court held in Fairs for the redresse of all disorders committed within them . Pierced , a term in Heraldry , as a crosse pierced , i. e. bored in the middle . Pieria , a Country in the confines of Macedonia , by the Rivers Axius and Haliacmon . Pierpoint , a sirname of great note and antiquity , stilled in Latin records , De Petrae Ponte . Pight , ( old word ) propped setled . Pigment , ( lat . ) a kind of painting wherewith women colour their faces ; it is also used metaphorically for deceit or guile . Pigneration , ( lat . ) a gaging or laying to pawn . Pignitis , a certain kind of Mineral , commonly called black chalk . Pigritude , ( lat . ) lazinesse , slothfulnesse . Pilaster , ( French ) a little pillar , also an inflammation of the Uvula . Pilchard , or Pilcher , a kind of fish , called in Latin Sarda , in Greek Trichis . Pile , a term in Heraldry , being an Ordinary consisting of a twofold line , formed after the manner of a wedge . Pilgrim , ( from the Ital. Pelegrino ) one that travelleth out of devotion thorough strange Countries to visit holy places . Pilkrow , see Paragraph . Pillaw , a kind of meat made of rice , used among the Turks . Pilosity , ( lat . ) hairinesse , roughnesse . Pilotage , the office of a Pilot or Steersman of a Ship , called in Dutch a Lootsman . Pilumnus , the son of Jupiter , and King of Daunia , he married Dane the daughter of Acrisius and mother of Perseus . Pimpernel , a kind of little flower called in Latin Pimpinella . Pimpompet , a kind of antick dance wherein three hit each other on the bum with one of their feet . Pimplea , a mountain in Macedon , near which was the Pimplean Fountain and Den sacred to the Muses , from whence they were called Pimpleides . Pingres , or Pingles , ( French ) a kind of play wherein they use Ivory balls . Pinguedinous , ( lat . ) fat , or grosse . Piniferous , ( lat . ) bearing Pine-trees . Pink , a kinde of yellow colour used in painting . Pinnace , a kinde of small ship , so called , q. Pennata , i. winged , or from Pinus , i. a Pine-tree , of which it is commonly made . Pinnigerous , ( lat . ) finned like a fish , bearing fins . Pioners , certain underminers and casters up of trenches in an army , from a certain people of Mysia , called Piones , who used to digge them houses in Rocks . Pipation , ( lat . ) a kinde of shrill crying , or weeping . Pipe , a measure of wine , or oyl , containing 26 gallons , or half a tun . Clerk of the Pipe , an Officer in the Exchequer , who having all accounts and debts due unto the King , drawn out of the remembrancers Office , chargeth them down into the great Roll. P●quant , ( French ) sharp , biting , or quick-tasted . Pique , ( French ) a quarrel , or distaste . Piqueron , ( French ) a Javelin , or Dart. Piquy , a Term in printing , see Pareil . Piratical , belonging to a Pirate , i. a Robber on the Sea ; so called from the Greek word , Peiran , i. to passe the Seas . Pirene , see Pyrene . Pirithous , the son of Ixion , he was join'd with Theseus in a perpetual league of friendship , and assisted him against the Centaurs that would have ravisht away Hippodamia , at last they going together to Hell to fetch away Proserpina , Pirithous was slain by Cerberus , and Theseus being taken prisoner by Dis , was freed by Hercules . Piscarie , in Common-law , is a liberty of fishing in another mans waters . Piscation , ( lat . ) a fishing . Piscinal , ( lat . ) belonging to a fish-pond . Pisces , the 12th . and last figure of the Zodiack , the one is Northerly , the other Southerly , and is called Notios . Pisistratus , a King of the Orchomenians , who for too much favouring of the people was slain in the Senate-house by a faction of the Nobility , his son Telesimachus being chief of the conspiracy ; also the name of a famous Tyrant of Athens , the son of Hippocrates , he was a man ▪ o● singular eloquence , and a great favourer of the Arts and Sciences . Pissaphalt , ( Greek ) a kinde of mineral , consisting of pitch , and the lime Bitumen incorporated together . Pistachoes , or Pistack Nuts , a kinde of small Nuts growing in Aegypt and Syria , being often used in Physick . Pistolado , ( Ital. ) a shot , or wound given with a Pistol . Pistrine , ( lat . ) a grinding house , or mill ; also a bake house . Pittacus , a Philosopher of Mitylene , and one of the seven wise-men of Greece , who in a war between the Athenians and Mitylenians , overcame Phrynon , Captain of the enemies by intangling him in a Net , from whence arose the faction of the Retiarii and the Myrmillions . Pituitous , ( lat . ) flegmatick , full of waterish humours . P L Placability , ( lat . ) easinesse to be pacified , or appeased . Placard , ( French ) a Licence , whereby a man is permitted to maintain unlawfull Games ; also a decree , or Mandate of a Prince ; also any Table hung up , wherein Laws , or Orders are written . Placence , see Greenwich . Placidity , ( lat . ) gentlenesse , mildnesse , quietnesse . Placit , ( lat . ) an opinion , or decree . Plagiary , ( lat . ) he that steals people out of one Countrey , and sells them into another ; also a stealer of other mens works , or writings . The Plain Table , a certain Mathematical instrument used for the surveying of Land. Plaint , ( in Common-law ) is the propounding of any action real , or personal in writing , whence Plaintiffe , see Demandant . Planetarie , ( lat . ) belonging to a Planet , i. a wandring star ; whereof there are seven in number , which take their names from the chief heathen deities Saturn , Jupiter , Mars , Sol , Venus , Mercury , Luna . Planiloquy , ( lat . ) plain , and free speech . Planimetry , ( Greek ) a measuring of plains , as lands , boards , &c. Planisphaere , ( lat . ) an Astrolabe , or plain Sphere . Plantation , ( lat . ) a planting , or setting ▪ Plastick , ( Greek ) the art of making , or forming the figure of any thing out of earth . † Plastograph , ( Greek ) counterfeit writing . Platanine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Platane , or Planetree . Platonick , belonging to , or affirm'd by Plato , ( whence Platonick love , or Platonick year i. the space of 36000 years ) he was the chief of the Academick Philosophers , he was at first called Aristocles , was a great wrestler , and much given to painting ; afterwards became a hearer of Socrates , then he sayl'd into Italy , to hear Pythagoras , and took many things out of the books of Philolaus Crotoniatos , next he went into Aegypt to hear the Gymnosophists , and as some say , read the books of Moses , he was called Divine Plato , & was esteemed the most famous Philosoper of the world , his chief opinion being , that the abstract Idea's , or images of all virtues , and of all forms had a peculiar subsistence by themselves . A Plaudite , ( lat . ) a clapping of hands for joy , a sign of rejoycing , it being a substantive made of a verb. Plausible , ( lat . ) acceptable , received with praise , favour , or joy . Plea , a Term in Law , that which either party alleadgeth for himself in Court. Plebeian , ( lat . ) belonging to the common people ; also mean , vulgar , inferiour . Plebiscite , ( lat . ) a decree , statute , or law , made by the common people . Pledge , ( French ) a surety , whence to pledge one in drinking , is to be his surety , or to ingage that he shall receive no harm while he is drinking , which custom was first occasioned , as some say , by reason of the practice of the Danes , heretofore in this Kingdom , who used frequently to stab the Natives while they were drinking . Pleget , a long plaister of Leather , or Linnen Cloath . Pleiades , the seven daughters of Atlas , and the Nymph Pleione , whose names were Electra , Alcynoe , Celaeno , Taygete , Asterope , Maia , and Merope , they were placed by Jupiter among the stars , and called by the Latins Virgiliae . Plenarie , ( Fr. ) full , intire . Plenartie , a word used in Common-law , signifying a benefice supplied . Plenilunarie , ( lat . ) belonging to the Plenilune , or full Moon . Plenipotentiaries , Ambassadours that are invested with full power and authority to conclude with that state to whom they are sent about those thing● contained in their Commissions . Plenitude , or Plenity , ( lat . ) fulnesse . Pleonasme , ( Greek ) a certain Rhetorical figure , wherein some superfluous word , or sentence is added . Plethorick , ( Greek ) troubled with a Plethora , i. an abounding , or being too full of humours . Pleurifie , ( Greek ) an inflammation of the inward skin of the Ribs , caused by too great an abundance of bloud . Pliant , ( French ) flexible , easie to be bent . Plicature , ( lat . ) a plaiting , or folding . Plimouth , a famous Port Town in Cornwell , so called as it were the mouth of the River Plime : in this place , the fable goeth that Corinoeus threw down the Gyant Gogmogog from a steep Rock , it was anciently called Sutton , and was divided into two parts , Sutton Prior , as belonging to the Priors , and Sutton Vautort belonging to the Vautorts , stiled in old Records de Valle Terta . Plinth , ( Greek ) the lowermost part of the foot of a pillar , being in the form of a Tile , or square brick . Plisthenes , the son of Pelops and Hippodaemia , he dying young , recommended his two sons , Agamemnon and Menelaus , to the care of his brother Atreus , whence they were called Atreides . Plonkets , a word used in some old statutes , signifying woollen cloath . Plottons , a Term in Military Discipline , consisting of eight in front . Plumage , ( French ) a bunch of feathers . Plumbagin , ( lat . ) silver mingled with lead stone , or oar . Plumbeous , ( lat . ) leaden , of the colour of lead ; also blunt , or dull . A Plumestriker , a parasite , or flatterer , so called from pulling hairs , or feathers off from other mens Cloakes . Plumigerous , ( lat . ) bearing feathers , having feathers on . Plunder , ( Dutch ) to rob , or take away by violence in time of war. Plurality , ( lat . ) a being more then one . Pluries , the name of a Writ that goeth out the third time ; if the Original Capi●s , and the sicut alias speed not . Plutarch , a famous Philosopher of Cheronea , who liv'd in the time of the Emperours , Trajan and Adrian , and wrote many excellent books ; he was in such high esteem with Adrian that he was sent with Consular power into Illyria . Pluto , the son of Saturn and Ops , to whom in the division of the World betwen him and his two brothers Jupiter and Neptune , there fell the infernal Empire by lot . Pluvial , or Pluvious , ( lat . ) rainy , full of rain , or watery clouds . P N Pneumatical , ( Greek ) belonging to wind or spirits . P O Pocillation , ( lat . ) the waiting on a great mans cup. Poculent , ( lat . ) that may be drunk . Podagrical , ( lat . ) having the gout in the feet . Podalirius and Machaon , the sons of Aesculapius , they were Physitians in the Grecian Army that went against the Trojans . Podarge , the swiftest of Mares , that fed in a place called Vernum Pratum , on whom Zephyrus begat the Horses of Achilles . Podestat , ( Ital. ) or chief Magistrate of a City . Podimetry , ( Greek ) a measuring by the foot . Poesie , or Poetry , ( Greek ) the art of making a Poem , i. any kind of subject consisting of Rythm or Verses . Points , in Heraldry are certain places in an Escutcheon diversly named according to their several positions . A Poinard , or Poinado , ( French ) a daggar or short sword . Pointblanck , punctually , absolutely , from the French words , poinct a prick , and blanc white . Polar , or Polary , ( lat . ) belonging to the Poles , i. the ends of the axeltree about which Astronomers imagin the heavens to be moved . The North Pole is called the Arctick Pole , the South Pole the Antarctick , whence the Polar-circles are two little circles near the Poles of the World described by the Poles of the Zodiack . Polemical , ( Greek ) Military , belonging to War. Policy of Assurance , a giving to some or other a certain rate or proportion to secure the safe arrival of a ship and so much wares at a place agreed on . Political , ( Greek ) belonging to policy , or the government of a Common-wealth . Politure , ( lat . ) a polishing or trimming . Pollard , a ●heven or cod-fish , also a stag or male Deer having musen'd or cast his head . Pollicar , ( lat . ) containing the measure of an inch , which is the breadth of a thumb or toe . Pollicitation , ( lat . ) a promising . Pollinarious , ( lat . ) belonging to , or made into fine flower . Pollincture , ( lat . ) the embalming of dead bodies . Poltron , ( French ) a knave or rascal , also a coward or lazy fellow . Polycrates , a Tyrant of Samos , being a man of very great wealth , and of that fortune , that having let fall into the Sea a ring of great value , it was found the next day in the belly of a fish ; but in his later end he was taken by Orontes the Persian and crucified . Polydamas , the son of Antenor and Theano the sister of Hecuba , he marryed Lycaste , the daughter of Priamus by a Concubine , and is said together with his father Antenor and Aeneas , to have betrayed the City Troy to the Greeks . Also the son of Panthous the master of Hector , he was a man of vast strength . Polydorus , see Polymnestor . Polygamy , ( Greek ) the having more wives than one . Polygony , ( Greek ) the having many angles or corners , also an herb called knot-grasse . Polyhymnia , or Polymneia , the name of one of the nine Muses , she is said to have been the first inventour of History . Polymnestor , a Tyrant of Thrace , who when Priamus fearing the Trojan War had committed his youngest son Polydorus to his tuition with a great summe of Gold , for greedinesse of the money killed the child . Polymorphean , ( Greek ) having many shapes or forms . Polynices , the brother of Eteocles , and son of Oedipus King of Thebes , by his mother Jocasta . Polyphagian , ( Greek ) one that eats much , a great feeder . Polyphemus , the son of Neptune by the Nimph Thoosa the daughter of Phorcus , he was one of the Cyclops , and faling in love with the Nimph Galatea , slew the youth Acis whom she preferred before him ; he devoured four of the companions of Vlisses when they were cast upon that shore , and would have served the rest in like manner , but that Vlisses made him drunk with black wine , and put out that one eye which he had in the midst of his forehead . Polypt●te , ( term in Grammar ) a Noun that is declined with many Cases Polypus , a kind of fish that hath a great many feet , called also Pourcontrel ; also a tumour or swelling in the nose . Polysyllabical , ( Greek ) having many syllables . Polysyndeton , ( Greek ) a certain figure wherein a sentence is joyned with many conjunction copulatives . Polyxena , ( the daughter of Priamus ) whom Pyrrhus the son of Achilles slew upon his fathers Tomb and sent her to the infernal shades to his father who for her sake had been slain by Paris . Pomander , ( in Dutch Pomamber , as it were an apple of Amber ) a little round ball made of several fragrant perfumes to smell to , or hang about the wrist . Pomarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Pomary , i. an Orchard , or place set with Apple-trees . Pomegranate , a kind of round fruit , so called because it is full of graines , or because it groweth chiefely in Granata a Region of Spain . Pomelegryse , ( old word ) dapple-gray . Pomeparadice , a fruit called a John-apple , In Greek Melimelum , as it were a Honey-apple . Pomeridian , the same as Postmeridian . Pomiferous , ( lat . ) bearing apples or other kind of round fruit . Pommade , ( French ) a kind of sweet ointment , also a trick in vaulting . Pomaery , ( lat . ) a certain space about the walls of a City or Town . Pomfret , or Pontfract , a Town in Yorkshire , so called ( for in the Saxons time it was named K●rkby ) from a wooden bridge over Are , broken by the confluence of a great multitude of people that accompanied William Arch-Bishop of York , King Stephens Nephew when he returned from Rome . This place hath been stained with the blood-shed of many Great men ; here Thomas Earle of Lancaster was beheaded by King Edward the second ; King Richard the second was here made away by the appointment of King Henry the fourth . Also Anthony Earle Rivers , and Sir Richard Grey , were here beheaded by King Richard the third . Pomona , the goddesse of Orchards , with whom Vertumnus falling in love , courted her in several s●apes , at last in the form of an old woman he spake so effectually for Vertumnus , that he prevailed , and returning to his own shape he married her . ●neus Pompeius , sirnamed the Great , which title was given him by the Army of Sylla for Triumphing over Iarbas a King of Africa , then joyning with Metellus he overcame Sertorius in Spain ; next he was chosen Emperour in the Pyratick War , which he finisht in three moneths ; afterwards he triumphed over Mithridates , and restored Tigranes to the Crown of Armenia . Lastly he quelled the Iberians , Albans , and Jews , taking prisoner their King Aristobulus ; at length in the Civil War between him and Julius Caesar he was overcome at the Battle of Pharsalia , and flying into Aegypt was slain by Aquila , through the treachery of Ptolomy the young King. Pompetts , Printers balls wherewith they put the Ink upon their letters . Pompus , ( lat . ) full of pomp , stately . Ponderosity , ( lat . ) weightinesse , heavynesse . Pone , a Writ whereby a cause depending in the County Court , is removed to the Common Bank. Pontage , a contribution toward the reedifying of bridges , or keeping them in repair . Pontes ▪ a Town in Buckinghamshire , so called from the 4 bridges , over the 4 channels into which the River Cole is divided . This Town is now calld Col-Broke . Pontfract , see Pomfret . Pontick , ( lat . ) belonging to Pontus , i. the Sea between Meotis and Tenedos , as also the Country joyning to that Sea containing Armenia , and Cappadocia . Pontifical , or Pontificial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Pontif or Pontifex , i. a Bishop or Praelate , who being clad in his Episcopal vestments or those ornaments with which he performeth Divine Service on Festival dayes , as also those who have on their richest apparel , are commonly said to be in their Pontificalibus . Popelin , ( French ) a little finical darling . Popination , ( lat . ) excessive eating , or drinking ; also a haunting Popinas , i. Taverns , or Victualing houses . Popingey , a kinde of Parret ; also an Herb , so called from being of the colour of that bird , being a kinde of greenish colour , this Herb is called in Latin Symphonia . Poplemans , a sort of Hobgoblins , so called from Popleman , a cruel Tyrant , anciently of Polonia . Poplet , ( old word ) a young wench . Poplitick , ( lat . ) belonging to the ham , or leg . Poppaean Law , a certain Law among the Romans against single life . Populace , ( Fr. ) the vulgar , or meaner sort of people . Popularity , ( lat . ) familiarity with the common people . Population , ( lat . ) a wasting , destroying , or unpeopling of any place . Populiferous , ( lat . ) bearing poplar Trees . Populosity , ( lat . ) abundance , or fulnesse of people . Porcelane , a kinde of Sallet-herb , called in Greek Andrachne ; also the cream , or flowring on the top of a certain chalky earth , in China steeped in water , of which they make China dishes . Porcine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Hog . Porculation , ( lat . ) a fatning of Hogs , or Swine . Porcupine , a kinde of beast , called in Latin , Histrix , which casteth out of her body certain sharp bristles , like darts against the Dogs when they hunt her . Porosity , ( lat . ) fulnesse of Pores , i. certain little holes in the skin , through which sweat and vapours do exhale out of the body . Porpaise , a kinde of fish of a●duskish colour , called in Greek Phocaena . Porphyretick , ( lat . ) belonging to Porphyrie , i. a fine reddish marble , streaked with divers colours , whence the Porphyrie Chair of St. John Lateran at Rome , wherein the Pope is inaugurated . Porrection , ( lat . ) a stretching out . Portable , ( lat . ) to be carried , or born . Portcullis , ( French ) the falling gate of a Citie , which is made to slip down , to keep out the enemy . Portegue , a certain Coyn in Gold , valuing three pound ten shillings . Portemote , ( from Port , i. a Haven , and the Dutch word Gemetan , i. to meet ) a Court kept in Havens , or Port Towns. Portentous , ( lat . ) prodigious , portending , or betokening some ill to come . Portglaive , ( French ) a sword-bearer . Portgreve , a pre●ect , or chief Governour of a Port Town , in ancient times the chief Magistrate of London , was so called . Portguidon , ( French ) the Cornet , or Ensign-bearer , to a Troup of horse , or men at Arms. Portmantean , ( French ) a kind of Cloak-bagge . Portmen , a name commonly given to the inhabitants of the Cinque Ports . Portpain , ( French ) a kinde of Towel used at Court , wherein they carry their bread to serve for the Table . Portsale , a sale of fish , presently upon return into the haven ; also a publick sale like that of the ancient Romans , who used per prae●onem sub hasta vendere . Posade , ( French ) a respite , or breathing ; also a lighting down of birds . Pose , see Catarre . Position , ( lat . ) a putting ; also a Term in Logick , a foundation upon which an argument is built . Possession , ( lat . ) an absolute injoyment of any thing , in Common-law it is taken for Lands & Inheritance , or for the actual injoyment of them . Possibility , ( lat . ) likelyhood . Posteriority , ( lat . ) a being after , or behinde ; also in Common-law a man holding Tenements of two Lords , is said to hold of the first by Priority , of the last by Posteriority . Posthume , ( lat . ) a Child , born after the death of the father ; also Posthume works are writings publish't after the death of the Author . Postick , ( lat . ) being behinde , or on the back-side . Postil , a compendious exposition , containing more then hath been observed before , from the Latin post illud , i. after that . Postillon , ( French ) a Posts guide , or fore-runner ; also he that rides upon one of the foremost of the Coach-horses , when there are six . Postliminie , ( lat . ) the return of one , who was thought to be dead . Postmeridian , ( lat . ) done in the afternoon . Postnate , ( lat . ) the same as Posthume . Postpone , ( lat . ) to set behinde , to esteem lesse then another . Postposure , ( lat . ) a setting behind . Postvene , ( lat . ) to come after . Postulation , ( lat . ) a requiring , or demanding . Potable , ( lat . ) fit to be drunk . Potatoes , a sort of Indian fruit , whose root is of great virtue . Potent , or Potential , ( lat . ) powerfull , able , indued with might . Potent , in Blazon , expresseth the resemblance of the top of a crowtch . Potentate , ( lat . ) one powerfull , or mighty . Potulent , ( lat . ) that may be drunk . Pouches , a Term in Navigation , small bulk-heads made in howld , either thwart-ships , or longst ships . Poul-davies , or Ouldernesse , see Medrinacles . Pounce , ( Spanish Poncar , Latin pungere ) to jagge , or cut in and out . Pounces of Hawks , the claws , from the Latin Pungere . Poundage , a subsidie granted to the King out of all Merchandizes , to the value of twelve pence in the pound . Pourcontrel , the same as Polypus . Pourmenade , ( French ) a walk , or Gallery open over head . To make Pourparty , to sever the Lands that fall to partners , which before partition they held joyntly . Pourpresture , ( French ) an inclosure ; also an incroaching upon any Land , or Jurisdiction that belongs to the King. P●ursuivants , ( French ) followers , also messengers attending the King in wars , or to be sent upon any special occasion , or message ; the four Poursuivants at Arms are those that attend the Heralds , and are called Bluemantle , Rougecrosse , Rougedragon , and Percullis . Pourtraiture , ( French ) a delineating , or drawing a Pourtraict , i. a picture , or image of any thing . Pourveyour , ( French ) an Officer of the King , or other great personage that provides Corn , and other victual for the house . Power of the County , the attendance of all Gentlemen , Yeomen , Labourers , &c. within the County , above the age of fifteen , that are capable to bear arms . Pownd , in Common-law , signifieth an inclosure to keep beasts in , but more especially a place of strength , where Cattell distrained for any trespasse are put , untill they be replevied , or distrained . Poynings Law , an Act of Parliament , whereby the Laws of England became of force in Ireland ; so called , because it was made when Sir Edward Poynings was Lieutenant of Ireland . P R Pragmatical , ( Greek ) busie , or expert in many things . Practick , or Practical , ( Greek ) ready to practise , or deal in any Art , or Science , also substantively taken for any Art , or Science . Prandicle , ( lat . ) a breakfast , or repast . Pratique , ( Ital. ) the same as practick , also a licence to traffick . Praeamble , see Preface . Praebendary , ( from the Latin Praebere , to afford ) he that receives a Praebend , i. a portion allowed for the maintenance of the Members of a Cathedral Church ; he is also so called from affording his Counsel , and assistance to the Bishop . Praecaution , ( lat . ) a fore-seeing , fore-warning , or preventing . Praecedence , ( lat . ) a going before , also a surpassing , or excelling . Praecellence , ( lat . ) an exceeding , or excelling . Praecention , ( lat . ) the flourish , or entrance of a song , or ballad . Preceptive , ( lat . ) belonging to a precept , i. a teaching , instruction , or lesson ; also a Command . Praeceptories , certain benefices , anciently possest by the better sort of Templers . Praecidaneous , ( lat . ) that , which is cut , killed , or sacrificed before . Praecipice , ( lat . ) a steep place , a downright descent . Praecipitation , ( lat . ) a casting down headlong ; also rashnesse , or unadvisednesse ; also a Term in Chymistry , being a steeping , or dissolving of metals , or other bodies in corroding liquours . Praecocity , ( lat . ) a too early , or over-hasty ripening of fruits . Praecognition , ( lat . ) fore-knowledge of any thing . Praecontract , ( lat . ) a former bargain , or contract . Praecursour , ( lat . ) a fore-runner , a messenger sent before . Praedation , ( lat . ) a preying , robbing , or spoiling , Praedecessour , ( lat . ) an Ancestour or Fore-father , Praedestination , ( lat . ) a pre-appointing , fore-ordaining , or designing before what shall come after . Praedial , ( lat . ) belonging to Lands , Manours , or Farms . Praedicable , Praedicament , and Praedicate , ( lat . ) three words which are most commonly used as terms in Logick , Praedicables ( which are 5. viz. genus , species , proprium , differentia , and accidens ) are those things which may truly , naturally , and immediately , be affirmed of more things than one . Praedicaments ( which are also called Categories , and are 10 in all , viz. Substance , Quantity , Quality , Relation , Action , Passion , Where , When , Situation , and Habit ) are the Series of things gradually disposed under the same summum genus . A Praedicate is the last part of the Proposition or the major term of a Syllogisme . Praediction , ( lat . ) a foresaying , or foretelling . Praedominant , ( lat . ) bearing chief sway or rule . Praeeminence , ( lat . ) a being to be set before others for eminence or excellence . Praeexistent , ( lat . ) existing or being before . Praeface , ( as it were a speaking before , from the Latin Prae , and fari ) a prologue or preparatory speech before any discourse . It is also called a Praeamble , which is as it were a walking before . Praefect , ( lat . ) a Governour or chief Ruler of a City or Province ; there was also anciently a chief Officer in the Roman Empire called Praefectus Praetorio . To Praefer , ( lat . ) to advance or set before others . Praegnant , ( lat . ) great with child , also ripe , forward , of a prompt and ready wit. Praegnotaries , signifies in Common law , the chief Clerks of the Kings Court , whereof three are of the Common pleas , and one of the Kings Bench. Praegression , ( lat . ) a going before . Praegustation , ( lat . ) a tasting or trying before . Praejudication , ( lat . ) a judging before hand ; whence Praejudice is used for hurt or hinderance . Praelation , ( lat . ) a preferring or setting before . Praelections , ( lat . ) Lectures , or Readings before . Praelude , ( lat . ) a proaem or entrance into any discourse or subject ; also in Musick it is taken for a voluntary or flourish upon any instrument . Praemature ( lat . ) ripe before . Praemeditation , ( lat . ) a fore-thinking , a musing of a thing before hand . Praemission , ( lat . ) a sending before , whence the praemises , i. things sent out or spoken of before . To fall into a Praemunire , signifieth in Common Law , to forfeit a mans goods to the Prince , and his body to remain in prison : it is a word corruptly used for praemonere , i. to admonish or forewarn , and is taken either for the writ , or for the offence whereupon the writ is granted . Praemonition , ( lat . ) a forewarning . Praemunition , ( lat . ) a fortifying before hand . Prender , a word used in Common Law , things which lie in prender are those things which the Lord of a Manour may have before atturnment , as the ward of the body of an heir , or of the land escheats ; whereas those things which lie in Render he cannot take before atturnment ; as rents , releifs , heriots , &c. Praenomination , ( lat . ) a forenaming . Praenotion , ( lat . ) foreknowledge . Praenunciation , ( lat . ) a fore-shewing , or declaring before hand . Praeoccupation , ( lat . ) a possessing before hand , also a preventing . Praepensed , ( French ) fore-thought . To Paeponderate , ( lat . ) to weigh well , or consider before hand . Praeposition , ( lat . ) a putting before , also one of the eight parts of Speech in Grammar , so called because it is set before a Noun or a Verb. Praeposterons , ( lat . ) rash , headlong , out of order . Praepuce , ( lat . ) the foreskin which covereth the nut of the yard . Praerogative , ( lat . a having ones opinion first askt ) a priviledge , a peculiar authority or praeeminence . Praesage , ( lat . ) a foreguessing or foretelling . Presbytery , ( lat . ) Priesthood , Eldership , or a government of the Church by Elders . Praescience , ( lat . ) foreknowledge . Praescription , ( lat . ) a prescribing , limiting , or determining by a rule or law ; also the course or use of any thing for a long time . Praesentaneous , ( lat . ) present , ready , speedy , effectual . Praesentation , ( lat . ) a shewing or setting forth ; also in Common Law presentation is the offering or presenting of any one by his Patron to the Bishop , to be instituted in a Benefice of his gift . Praesepe , a constellation in 2 degrees 13 minutes of Leo. To Praeside , ( lat . ) to rule or have authority over . Praesidiary , ( lat . ) belonging to a Praesidy , i. a Garrison of souldiers , also aid , help , or defence . Prest-money , ( from the French Prest , i. ready , prompt ) money that bindeth those who have received it , to be ready at all times appointed . Praestigiation , ( lat . ) a deceiving , jugling , or playing the impostor . Praesumption , ( lat . ) a taking upon one , a being proud or arrogant . Praetence , or Praetext , ( lat . ) a cloak or colour for any thing , also Praetence or Praetension , a claim or title to any thing . Praeterition , ( lat . ) a going by , a passing over . Praetermission , ( lat . as it were a sending besides ) a suffering to passe by , a leaving out or omitting . Praetorian , ( lat . ) belonging to a Praetor , i. one that was anciently the chief Ruler of any Province or Country subject to the Roman Empire , and he had supream authority not onely in Military affairs , but also in matters of judgement ; also the Praetorian Guard was a Band of souldiers consisting of 10000 who were peculiarly to attend upon the Emperours person . Praevarication , ( lat . ) deceit or double-dealing . Praevious , ( lat . ) leading the way , or going before . Prasutagus , an ancient King who reigned over a people of Brittain called the Iceni . Pravity , ( lat . ) crookednesse , deformity , also naughtinesse , leudnesse . The Prerogative Court , a certain Court belonging to the Civil Law , in which the Commissary sits upon Inheritances fallen either by the Intestate , or by Will and Testament . Priamus , the son of Laomedon King of Troy , he having been led captive by Hercules into Greece , was afterwards ransomed for a great summe of money : He had 50 sons whereof 17 he had by his wife Hecuba ; in his time it was that Troy was taken and sackt by the Greeks . Priapismus , ( lat . ) a disease wherein there is an erection of the yard without lust , from Priapus the son of Bacchus and Venus , he being born at Lampsacus , became through the malice of Juno , who was his mothers Midwife , very ugly and deformed , yet he had something about him so pleasing to the women of Lampsacus that after he was banisht by the men of that place , they built a Temple to him where they were wont to sacrifice an asse , and called him the god of Gardens . Pricker , a term in Hunting , being used for a Huntsman on horseback . Pricketh , a term in Hunting , when a Hare beates in the plain highway where you may yet perceive her footing ; it is said she pricketh . Pricket , a brocket , spitter , or young male Deer of a year or two old , beginning to put forth the head . Pridian , ( lat . ) belonging to the day before . Primacy , ( French ) the first place or chief rule , especially in Ecclesiastical affairs , whence a Metropolitan or Arch-Bishop is called a Primate . Primage , a duty due to Mariners for loading of a Ship , at the first setting forth from any Haven . Prime , ( lat . ) first or principal , also taken substantively for the first hour of the day ; whence a Primer is a kind of little prayer book containing prayers , responsories , and antiphones , chosen for that hour of the day . A Prime , is in Surveying , an exact part containing 19 inches and four fift parts of an inch . Primaevous , ( lat . ) of a former age , elder . Primero , and Primavista , ( Ital. ) two games at Cards formerly much in use . Primier seisin , a word used in Common Law , a branch of the Kings prerogative , whereby he hath the first possession of all Lands and Tenements through the Realm . Primigenious , ( lat . ) coming naturally , or having its original from it self . Primitial , ( lat . ) belonging to the first fruites . Primitive , ( lat . ) ancient , or of the first Age. Primogeniture , ( lat . ) a first birth , also a being eldest or first born . Primordial , ( lat . ) belonging to the first original or beginning of all things . Primum mobile , ( lat . ) the tenth or highest Orb , so called by Astronomers , as being the first , and upon which the motion of the inferiour Orbs depends . Principality , ( lat . ) the dignity or chief seat of a Soveraign Prince ; also Principalitie is taken for one of the Orders of Angels . Princox ( from the Latin Praecox ) a hasty or over-ripe headed young boy . Priority , ( lat . ) see Posteriority . Prisage , a custom or share belonging to the King out of such merchandises as are taken by way of lawful prize . Priscilla , the proper name of a woman , being a diminutive of Prisca , which signifieth in Latin ancient . Priscillianists , a sort of Hereticks instituted by one Priscillianus , they denied the Persons of the Trinity , and held that things had their beginning from two Gods , the one good , and the other bad . Prism , ( Greek ) a certain Geometrical figure being a solid triangle . Pristine , ( lat . ) former , ancient , wonted . Pristis , ( lat . ) a kind of fish very long and slender ; also a Ship fashioned long and narrow after the manner of that fish . Privado , ( Span. ) a favorite . Privation , ( lat . ) a depriving , bereaveing , or taking away . Priviledge , that which is granted to any person or place , against or beside the course of Common Law. Probability , ( lat . ) likelihood . Probat of testaments , the producing of dead mens Wills before the Ecclesiastical Judge , Ordinary of the place where the dead man dieth . Probation , ( lat . ) a proving or trying ; whence a Probationer in the University , is one that is to be approved and allowed of by the Colledge for his doctrine and manners , before he be chosen Fellow . Probe , a Chyrurgions Instrument wherewith he tryeth the depth of wounds . Probity , ( lat . ) honesty , goodnesse , integrity . Problematical , ( lat . ) belonging to a Problem , i. a hard question propounded to any one to explain . Proboscide , ( Greek ) the snout of an Elephant . Procacity , ( lat . ) saucinesse , malepertnesse , scoffing . Procatarctick , ( Greek ) as Procatarctick cause , that cause which foregoeth or beginneth another cause . Procerity , ( lat . ) heighth of stature , tallnesse . Processe , ( lat . ) the manner of proceeding in every cause be it personal or reall , civil or criminal , even from the original writ to the end . Procession , ( lat . ) a passing on , a going forward , also a custom among Clergy-men of passing along the streets singing of Psalms , making supplications and visiting the bounds of the Parish . Prochronism , ( Gr. ) an errour in Chronology , or the computation of time . Prochyta , an Island in the Tyrrhene sea , not far from Puteoli in Campania , so called from Prochyta the Nurse of Aeneas ; it hath been reported of old ▪ that a mountain of Inarime a neighbouring Island being cast into the Sea by an Earthquake , was the original of this Island . Procidence , ( lat . ) the falling down of any thing out of its place . Procinct , ( lat . ) a being prepared , or in a readinesse . Proclivity , ( lat . ) an aptnesse , propensity , or inclination to any thing . Proconsul , ( lat . ) one in the stead or place of a Consul , a deputy Consul . Procrastination , ( lat . ) a delaying or putting off from time to time . Procreation , ( lat . ) an ingendering or begetting . Proctors , ( in Latin Procuratores ) Advocates , or those that sollicit other mens businesses ; also those that appear in Parliament for Cathedral or other collegiate Churches , or for the common Clergy of every diocesse . There are also in the University two men chosen from among the Schollars to see good orders kept and exercises performed , who are called Proctors . Also in the State of Venice there are certain chief officers called Procurators . Proculcation , ( lat . ) a trampling , or treading under foot . Procyon , the lesser Dog-Star . Prodigality , ( lat . ) riotous , or wastefull expence . Prodigy , ( lat . ) a monstrous or unnatural action , betokening some great evil to come . Proditorious , ( lat . ) belonging to Prodition , i. treason , or treachery , traytour-like . Prodrome , ( Greek ) a Praecursour , or fore-runner . Production , ( lat . ) a producing , or bringing forth ( whence the product in Arithmetick is any number brought forth out of another ) also a lengthning , or making longer . Profanation , ( lat . ) a putting holy things to a common use . Profection , ( lat . ) a walking forward , or going any journey ; in Astronomy Profection , and Progression are all one , being no more then a regular change of the significators , according to the succession of the signs . Professour , ( lat . ) a Lecturer , or Reader of any Art , or Science in the publick Schools of a University . Proficient , ( lat . ) helping forward , or profiting . Profile , ( Ital. ) a Term in painting , being a picture onely drawn side-wayes . Profligation , ( lat . ) a driving away , or putting to flight . Profluence , ( lat . ) a flowing plentifully , abundance . Prof●und , is oft-times joyned to other words , to add a weight and aggravation to them , as profound reverence . Cleopatra . Profundity , ( lat . ) a great depth , a deep extent . Profusion , ( lat . ) a powring out lavishly , a wasting . Progeny , ( lat . ) an off-spring , or issue , whence Progenitour , a fore-father , or ancestour . Progne , see Philomela . Prognostication , ( lat . ) a foretelling of things to come . Progressi●n , ( lat . ) a making progresse , or going foreward . Prohibition , ( lat . ) a forbidding , in Astronomy it is , when two Planets are applying to Conjunction , or Aspect , and before they come to joyn themselves , another comes to Conjunction , or Aspect of the Planet applied to . Projections , a Mathematical Term , all sorts of Globes , or Spheres in Plano . Projecture , ( lat . ) a forecasting , or designing ; also a Term in Architecture , a jutting out in pillars , or buildings . Prolatation , ( lat . ) a delaying , or deferring . Prolation , ( lat . ) a putting forth , a pronouncing , or speaking plain . Proleptical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Prolepsie , i. a conceaving of things in the minde before-hand , a figure wherein we prevent what another intendeth to alleadge . Proletaneous , or Proletarious , ( lat . ) having many Children , and little to maintain them , of a mean , or low condition . Prolifical , ( lat . ) apt to breed ▪ or bring forth , fruitfull . Prolifical signes are Cancer , Scorpio , and Pisces . Prolixity , ( latin ) teadiousnesse in speech . Prologue , ( Greek ) a Preface , a Speech which commends to the people a Comedy , or Fable , or the Author of it . Proloquutour , ( lat . ) he that speaks before others , a Chair-man , or Speaker of a Synod , or Convocation-house . Prolusion , ( lat . ) as it were a playing before , an Essay , or making tryal before hand of what a man is able to do . Prolyte , ( Greek ) one that hath studied the Law four year , a Licentiate . Prometheus , the father of Deucaleon , and son of Iapetus and Asia , he having formed of Clay the Image of a man , and climbing up to Heaven by the help of Minerva , he kindled a little stick at the Sun , and with that celestial fire , inlivened the man he had made , for which he was at the command of Jupiter , bound by Mercury to the Mountain Caucasus , where a Vulture was continually pecking at his Liver , but afterwards having diswaded Jupiter from marrying Thetis , he was for his good counsel freed by Hercules . Prominence , ( lat . ) a jutting , or standing out farther then another . Promiscuous , ( lat . mingled , or confused one with another . Promontorie , ( lat . ) the top of a Hill , butting out upon the Sea. Promoters , or Promouters , those men , who for complaining of such as offend in actions bearing a penalty , have part of the profit for their reward . Promptitude , ( lat . ) quicknesse , or readinesse . Promptuarie , ( lat . ) a Cellar , or Buttery . Promulgation , ( lat . ) a proclaiming , or publishing by hanging any Law in the open market place . Prone , ( lat . ) stooping downward , or lying with the face downward . Pronephew , ( lat . ) a Nephew , or Grand-childs son . Proem , ( lat . ) a preface , or prologue , an entrance into any discourse . Propagotion , ( lat . ) a planting of many young Vines from the old one cut down ; also a spreading abroad , the multiplying of a stock . Prop●lled , ( lat . ) thrust out , or driven forward . Propension , ( lat . ) a pronenesse , or inclination to any thing . Properation , ( lat . ) a doing a thing quickly , a making haste . Prophetical , ( Greek ) belonging to Prophesie , i. a foretelling of things to come by certain hidden , and mysterious speeches . Propination , ( lat . ) a drinking to any one . Propinquity , ( lat . ) nearnesse , or neighbourhood , also affinity . Propitiatory , ( lat . ) a place where God is pacified . Propitious , ( lat . ) favourable , whence Propitiation , an appeasing of Gods displeasure by sacrifice , or prayer . Propontis , all that Sea that reacheth from the Streights of Hellespont , to the Bosphorus Thracius . Proportion , ( lat . ) a convenience , or answerablenesse of one thing to another . Proposition , ( lat . ) a propounding , or shewing what one intends to speak of ; also the major , or first term in Logick . Propraetor , ( lat . ) a Deputy Praetor , or Chief Justice . Proprietary , ( French ) an owner , or he that hath a property in any thing , or one that hath the fruit of a benefice to himself and his Heirs . Propudious , ( lat . ) shamefull , filthy , dishonest . Propugnacle , ( lat . ) a Bulwark , or Fortresse , whence propugnation , a defending , or fighting for . Propulsation , ( lat . ) a chasing away , or driving back . Proreption , ( lat . ) a creeping , or stealing on by little and little . Proritation , ( lat . ) a stirring up , or provoking . Prorogation , ( lat . ) a deferring , or putting off to another time ; it is spoken more especially of the adjourning of a Parliament , or Councel . Prosaick , ( lat . ) belonging to prose . Proscription , ( lat . ) a banishing , or outlawing , a making it lawfull for any man to kill the Proscript , or person outlawed , where ever he findeth him . Prosecution , ( lat . ) a following , or pursuing eagerly . Proselyte , ( Greek ) a stranger converted to our faith , it was heretofore meant onely of one converted from Heathenisme to the Jewish religion . Proserpina , the daughter of Jupiter and Ceres , she being ravisht by Pluto , was sought for by Ceres all over the earth , but after the whole matter was related by the Nymph Cyane , Jupiter at her earnest request , granted that her daughter should return again to earth , on condition she had tasted no meat since she came to Hell , but Ascalaphus having declared that she had eaten part of a Pomegranate ( for which Ceres turned him into an Owl ) she could obtain no more , but that she should be 6 moneths upon earth , and 6 moneths with Pluto . Prosodie , ( Greek ) the art of giving words their due accent , or tone . Prosopopaea , ( Greek ) a certain figure , wherein divers things are personated , which are not real . A Prospect , ( lat . ) a view , or sight of any thing afar off . Prospicuous , ( lat . ) fair , or goodly to behold . Prosternation , ( lat . ) a throwing to the ground , or laying flat , an overcoming . Prostitution , ( lat . ) a Harlots letting out the use of her body for hire . Prostration , ( lat . ) a falling at ones feet . Protatick , ( lat . ) belonging to a Protasie , i. a proposition ; also the first part of a Comedy . Protelation , ( lat . ) a driving , or chasing away . Protend , ( lat . ) to stretch forth . Protervity , ( lat . ) way-wardnesse , or frowardnesse . Protesilaus , the son of Iphiclus , who going to the Trojan war , contrary to the Oracles advice , was slain by Hector . Protestation , ( lat . ) an open declaring of ones minde , whence the Reformers in Germany , from the protestation they made at Spires , were called Protestants . Proteus , a Sea deity , the son of Oceanus and Thetys , he was reported to have been Neptune's Sheapheard , and the keeper of his Sea-calfs ; the Poets also feign that he was a great Prophet , and that he could transform himself into what shape he pleased , Servius affirms that he reigned in the Carpathian Island , leaving Pallene , a Citie of Thessaly , where he first lived . Protocol , ( Greek ) the first draught of a deed , contract , or instrument , or a short Register kept thereof ; also the upper part of the leaf of a book , wherein the Title is written . Protolicia , a Castle in Northumberland , where in King Henry the second 's reign , William King of Scots laying siege to it , received a repulse ; it is thought to have been the same with that , which is now called Prudhow-Castle . Protologie , ( Greek ) a fore-speech , or Preface . Protomartyr , ( Greek ) the first Martyr , or witnesse of the New Testament . Protoplast , ( Greek ) first formed , or made . Prototype , ( Greek ) the Original type , or first pattern . Protraction , ( lat . ) a putting off , deferring , or delaying of time . Protractor , a certain Mathematical instrument made of brasse , consisting of the Scale and Semicircle , used in the surveying of Land. Protreptick , ( Greek ) doctrinal , or giving instructions . Protrusion , ( lat . ) a thrusting forward . Protuberant , ( lat . ) rising , or swelling out . Protype , ( Greek ) an Example , or Copy , after which any thing is made . Proveditor , ( Italian , as it were a providour ) a great Military Officer among the Venetians . Proverbial , ( lat . ) belonging to a proverb , i. an adage , or old saying . Provincial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Province ; also a Provincial is taken substantively for a chief Governour of an Order of Fryars . Proviso , ( Ital. ) a caveat , or condition , made in any writing , without the performance , of which the writing becomes void . Provocation , ( lat . ) a provoking , stirring up , or challenging . Proul , to pilfer , or steal in the night . Prow , ( old word ) honour , also the fore-castle of a ship ; also a point jutting out in a building . Prov●st , a President of a Colledge , or Cathedral Church ; also a chief Magistrate of a Town . Proximity , ( lat . ) nearnesse , or neighbourhood , a nigh degree of kindred . Prudence , the Christian name of divers women , the signification well known . Pruinous , ( lat . ) frosty , covered with frost . Prunel , an Herb , otherwise called ●icklewort . Prunella , a kind of fruit , or Plum , somewhat like a Prune . Pruneth , a Term in Faulconry , they say a Hawk Pruneth , and not picketh her self ; yet a Hawk cannot be said properly to prune her self , but when she beginneth at her legs , and fetcheth moisture at her tail , wherewith she embalmeth her feet , and striketh the feathers of her wings through her beak , and this fetching off the Oyl is called the Note . Prurient , ( lat . ) itching , or having an itching desire . Pruriginous , ( lat . ) having the itch . P S Psalmodie , ( Greek ) a singing of Psalms , or verses made of short songs , or sentences . Psalmographie , ( Greek ) a writing of Psalms . Psaltery , ( Greek ) a certain Musical instrument with ten strings , somewhat like a Harp , some call it a Shalm . Psephisme , ( Greek ) an Ordinance , Statute , or Decree . Pseudography , ( Greek ) a false writing , or counterfeit hand . Pseudologie , ( Greek ) a false speaking , or lying . Pseudomartyr , ( Greek ) a false witnesse , a counterfeit Martyr . Pseudoprophet , ( Greek ) a false Prophet . Psychomachy , ( Greek ) a conflict , or war of the Soul. P T Ptisane , ( lat . ) a kinde of drink made of Barly . Ptolomaeus , one of Alexander the Great 's Captains ; also the name of several Kings of Aegypt . P U Puberty , ( lat . ) youth , the age when hairs begin to grow about the privy members . Publican , a Farmer of publick Rents , or Revenues . Publication , ( lat . ) a publishing , or making common . Pucelage , ( French ) Virginity . Pucle-Church , a Town in Glo●ershire , in times past , a Mannour of the Kings ; where King Edmund interposing himself between his Sewer and one Leove a ruffian to part them as they were quarreling , was thrust through the body , and so lost his life . Pudibund , ( lat . ) bashfull , or shame-fac't . Pudicity , ( lat . ) chastity , or purity . Puerility , ( lat . ) boyishnesse , childishness ▪ or simplicity . Puerperous , ( lat . ) bearing children , or causing to bear children . Pugill , ( lat . ) a small handfull . Pugillation , ( lat . ) a playing the Champion , a fighting for any one . Pugnacity , ( lat . ) an eager desire of fighting . Puisne , or Puny , ( French as it were born after ) a word used in common Law for the younger . Puissance , ( French ) power , force , might . Pulchritude , ( lat . ) fairnesse , or tallnesse of person . Pulicous , ( lat . ) full of fleas . Pullation , ( lat . ) a hatching of chickens . Pullulation , ( lat . ) a springing , a budding forth , a shooting up . Pulmonary , ( lat ) the herb Lungwort . Pulmonarious , ( lat . ) diseased in the Lungs . Pulp , ( lat . ) the brawny or musc'ly part of the body ; also a kind of fish , otherwise called a Cuttle-fish or Polypus . Pulsation , ( lat . ) a knocking , striking , or beating upon . Pulverisation , ( lat . ) a breaking to dust , a reducing into powder . Pulverulent , ( lat . ) dusty , full of powder . Pumication , ( lat . ) a making smooth with a Pumice-stone , i. a stone that is spongy and full of holes . Punch , a kind of Indian drink . Pungency , ( lat . ) a pricking . Punctillo , ( Ital. ) a diminutive of Puncto , i. a little point ; also a thing of no value or moment . Punick faith , falshood or perjury . Punition , ( lat . ) a chastising or correcting . Puny , see Puisne . Pupill , ( lat . ) the ball or apple of the eye , also derived from Pupillus , it signifieth an Orphan or fatherlesse Child , one under age or ward , or the tuition of a Tutor . Purbeck , a demy Island in Dorcetshire , in the midst of which standeth Corf Castle , where Aelfrith to make way for her own son Ethelred to the Crown , caused her son in law Edward to be barbarously murthered as he came from hunting to visit her . Purfle , ( French pourfile ) a guard , border , or fringe about any garment . Purflew , a term in Heraldry , common to all furs so long as they are used in borders . Purgatory , ( lat . ) a place of cleansing or purging , a certain place where the Roman Catholicks say the souls of men are cleansed before they go to Heaven . Purification , ( lat . ) a purifying , a making clean or pure . Purlue , ( French , as it were pure ground ) all that ground near any Forrest , which being anciently made Forrest , is afterwards by perambulations severed again from the same . To Purloin , to lurk , to get privily away . Purple , or Purpure , signifieth in Heraldry that colour which we commonly call red . Purpurean , ( lat . ) made of Purple , or of the colour of Purple . Purulent , ( lat . ) full of matter or filth . Purveyour , see Pourveyour . Pusilanimity , ( lat . ) cowardlinesse , or faint-heartednesse . Pustulous , ( lat . ) full of Pustules , i. blisters , blaines , or wheales . Putation , ( lat . ) a lopping or cutting off superfluous branches ; also a thinking , reputing , or esteeming . Putrid , ( lat . ) corrupt , rotten , full of matter , whence putrescence , corruption . Puttocks , ( a term in Navigation ) small shroudes which go from the maine , fore , and missen masts shrouds , to the top-masts shrouds , To Put over , a term in Faulconry . A Hawk is said to put over when she removeth her meat from her gorge into her bowels by traversing with her body ; but chiefely with her neck . P Y Pygmachy , ( Greek ) a fighting with Hurlbats . Pygmies , a certain people inhabiting the uttermost mountains of India , not above a cubit in heighth , of whom it is reported that they ride forth in the Spring time upon Goats or Rams toward the Sea side , armed with bows and arrows to destroy the nests of the Cranes , which else would grow so numerous , that they would not be able to overcome them . Pyramidal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Pyramid , i. a Geometrical figure , See Obelisk . Pyrenaean hills , certain hills that divide France from Spain . Pyrotechnie . ( Greek ) any structure or machination made by fire-works . Pyrrhus , the son of Achilles , also a King of Epirus who made war with the Romans for a long while , he was slain at the taking of Argos , by the fall of a tile . Pythagorical , belonging to Pythagoras , a famous Philosopher , who was the chief that held transmigration or the passing of soules out of one body into another . Pythonical , belonging to Python , i. a prophecying spirit ; also the name of a Serpent of a very vast magnitude which was killed by Apollo , in memory of which the Pythian Games were instituted . Q U QVabb , a kind of fish , called a water-weasel , or Eelpout . Quacksalver , ( Dutch ) a Mountebank or simple Physitian . Quadragenarious , ( lat . ) belonging to 40 years . Quadragesimal , ( lat . ) belonging to Quadragesima , i. the fourtieth day before Easter , or first Sunday in Lent. Quadrain , ( French ) a stanza or staff consisting of 4 verses . Quadrangular , ( lat . ) belonging to a quadrangle , i. a foursquare figure . Quadrant , ( lat . ) a certain Mathematical Instrument , being the fourth part of a circle , also the fourth part of any measure or number . Quadrantal , ( lat . ) four fingers thick ; also a certain figure every way four-square . Quadrature , ( lat . ) a squaring , a making square of any thing . Quadriennial , ( lat . ) of four years . Quadrigarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Coach or Charriot drawn with foure horses . A Quadrin , ( French ) a mite or small piece of money , valueing about a farthing . Quadringenarious , ( lat . ) belonging to 4 hundred . Quadripartite , ( lat . ) divided into four parts . Quadrivial , ( lat . ) consisting of 4 wayes or turnings . Quadrupedal , ( lat . ) having 4 feet . Quadrupedian signs , representing four-footed beasts , Aries , Taurus , Leo , Sagitarius , Capricornus . Quadrulation , ( lat . ) a doubling four times . Quadruplication , ( lat . ) a folding of a thing 4 times . Quail , a kind of bird , called in Latin Cothurnix . Quakers , a modern Sect of religious Enthusiasts , who take that denomination from their strange gestures and quaking fits which come upon them in their publick Assemblies . Quandary , ( as it were quando ara , i. when will the altar be ready ) a studying or doubting what to do . Quarantain , ( French ) Lent , or the term of 40 dayes before Easter . Quardecue , ( French ) the fourth part of a French crown . Quare impedit , the name of a Writ that lyeth for him that hath purchased a Manour with an advouson thereunto belonging , against him that disturbeth him in the right of his advouson . Quarentine , a right allowed by the Law of England to the Widow of a landed man deceased ▪ of continuing 40 dayes after his decease in his chief Manour-house . Quarry , a place whence stones are digged out , also a term in Hunting , being a reward given to hounds after they have hunted . Quarril , ( French ) a kind of coin valuing 3 half pence of our mony , the fourth part of a real . Quartan , ( lat . ) belonging to the fourth . Quartary , ( lat . ) the fourth part of a sextary , i. two pound . Quarter , a term in Blazon , being a fourth part of an Escutcheon . Quartile aspect , a term in Astronomy , the distance of three signs between one star and another . Quarto , a book is said to be in Quarto , when it consisteth of sheets doubled into 4 leaves a piece . Quassation , ( lat . ) a shaking or brandishing . Quater cosins , fourth cosins , the last degree of kindred ; also such whose friendship declines . Quaternion , or Quaternity , ( lat . ) the number of four . Quaver , one of the quickest times or pauses in Musick . Queenborough , a Town in Kent , built by King Edward the third in honour of Queen Philip his wife , who built Queens Colledge in Oxford . Queint , ( old word ) quenched , also strange . Quercine , ( lat . ) belonging to an oak . Querimonious , ( lat . ) mourning , bewailing , complaining . Quern , a hand-mill . Querpo , see Cuerpo . Querulous , ( lat . ) singing or cherping sorrowfully , declaring ones complaints . Quest , or Inquest , a meeting of Citizens to inquire what misdemeanours are committed in every Ward . Questour , or Quaestour , ( lat . ) the Chamberlain of a City , a publick Treasurer . Quicksilver , a certain Mineral , being a slimy water , mixt with a pure white earth . Quiddity , a term in School-philosophy , the essence of any thing , also a quirk or subtile question . Quid pro quo , signifieth in Common Law , a mutual performance of a contract by both parties . Quincupedal , ( lat . ) having five feet , or of the measure of five feet . Quingenarious , ( lat . ) belonging to five hundred . Quinquagesime Sunday , the fiftieth Sunday before Easter called Shrove Sunday . Quinquangle , ( lat . ) having 5 corners or angles . Quinquennial , ( lat . ) five years old , or lasting five years . Quinquepartite , ( lat . ) divided into 5 parts . Quinquereme , ( lat . ) a Gally having 5 ranks of oares , or wherein every oare hath 5 men ; as the Quadri●eme consisted of 4. and the Trireme of 3. Quinsiesme , in Common Law , is a certain tax laid upon the subject by the Prince , being the fifteenth part of mens lands or goods . Quintain , ( French ) a certain Game formerly much in request at marriages , being a running a Tilt with poles against a thick plank or Buttresse of wood , wherein he that shewed most actively , had a Peacock for prize . Quintal , ( French ) a hundred weight . Quintessential , ( lat . ) belonging to Quintessence , i. the purest substance extracted out of any body , the chief force or vertue of any thing . Quintile , ( lat . ) the moneth of July , being the fifth moneth from March. Quintuple , ( lat . ) five-fold . Quinzain , ( French ) a stanza or staff of 15 verses . Quirinal hill , one of the 7 hills of Rome , there is also a gate called Porta Quirinalis . Quirister , see Chorister . Quiritation , ( lat . ) a crying , calling or shouting . Quirites , a name anciently given to the Romans . Quite claim , in Common Law , is an acquitting of a man for any action that he hath against him . Quodlibetical questions , certain questions disputed pro and con in the Schooles . Justices of the Quorum , four Justices of the peace in any County , whose presence is required in all businesses of importance , their Commission beginning thus , Quorum vos A B &c. unum esse volumus . Quotidian , ( lat . ) daily , done every day . Quotient , ( lat . ) a term in Arithmetick , the number that riseth out of the divisour . Quoyl , a term in Navigation , a rope laid up round , one take over another . Quoyn , a thing which Gunners set under their Ordnance to mount them higher or let them lower . R A RAbbettings , a term in Navigation , the letting in of the planks to the keel . Rabbinical , belonging to a Rabbi or Rabbin , i. a Doctor or Teacher among the Jews . Rabid , ( lat . ) mad or raging . Racemation , ( lat . ) a gathering of grapes after the clusters are gone . Racemiferous , ( lat . ) bearing clusters of grapes . Rachel , the proper name of a woman , signifying in Hebrew a sheep . Radegund , ( Sax. ) favourable counsel , a Christian name of women . Rade vore , ( Sax. ) Tapestry or Loom-work . Radiant , ( lat . ) bright , shining , or glittering like the Sun-beams . Radiation , a darting forth of beames . Radical , ( lat . ) belonging to the root , whence Radical moisture , the natural , and vital moisture spread like a dew , through all parts of the body ; in Astrology a radical question , is a question propounded , when the Lord of the ascendent , and Lord of the hour are of one nature and triplicitie . Radication , ( lat . ) a taking root . Raffinage , ( French ) a refining . Raffle , ( French ) a kinde of Game at Dice , also a rifling . Raft , a kinde of Boat , or floating Vessel . Ragounces , ( Sax. ) a kinde of precious stone . Raillery , ( French ) jesting , sporting , or scoffing . Raimund , ( Germ. ) a proper name , signifying quiet ; answering to the Greek Hesychius . Rainbow , a Meteor of diverse colours , fiery , blue , and green , when the Sunne beams are in a Geometrical opposition to a shallow , and moist cloud . Rally , ( French ) to reunite , to gather together dispersed Troups . Ralf , ( Germ. ) a proper name of men , contracted from Rodulph , i. help counsell . Ramagious , ( French ) wilde , belonging to Ramage , i. boughs , or branches . Rambooz , a kinde of compound drink . Ramberge , ( French ) a kinde of swift Gally , or long ship . Ramist , a follower of Ramus , a modern writer , famous for reducing many of the arts into a handsom method and abridgement . Ramosity , ( lat . ) fulnesse of branches , or boughs . Rampant , a Term in Heraldry , being spoken of a beast climbing , or rearing up his fore-feet . Rampier , or Rampert , ( French ) a Term in fortification , the wall of a bulwark , or fortresse . Ramsey , a famous Abby in Huntingtonshire , so called as it were Rams Island ; it was built in the time of King Edgar , by his Kinsman Ailwin , sirnamed Healf-Koning , i. half King , and inlarged by Bishop Oswald . Rancidity , or Rancour , ( lat . ) mouldinesse , rottennesse , mustinesse ; also malice , or inward grudging . Randal , ( Sax. ) a proper name , from Ranulph , i. fair help . Ransome , ( French , contract : a redemption ) a summe of money paid for the redeeming of a Captive , or for the pardoning of some hainous Crime . Rapacity , ( lat . ) ravenousnesse , extortion , greedinesse . Rapes , certain divisions of the County of Sussex ; as Kent is divided into Wapentakes , these Rapes are six in all , namely of Chicester , Arundel , Brembe , Lewise , Pevensey and Hastings . Raphael , a proper name , signifying in Hebrew the physick of God. Rapidity , ( lat . ) swiftnesse , quicknesse , hastinesse . Rapine , ( lat . ) Robbery , Pillaging , a taking a thing by open force , or violence . Rapsodie , ( Greek ) a contexture , or joyning together of divers verses , or sentences . Rapture , ( lat . ) a snatching away by violence ; also an Ecstasie , or Transportment . Rarity , thinnesse , it is by the Phylosophers opposed to Density , and that body is said to be rare , whose quantity is more , and its substance lesse . Rarefaction , ( lat . ) a rarefying , or making thin . Raskail , ( old world ) trash . Raspatory , ( French ) a Butlers instrument , wherewith he chips bread . Raspis , a kinde of fruit growing on a shrub , called in French Framboise ; as it were a wood Strawberry . Ras-Algense , a Star in the Twin . Ras-Alden , the head of Junonius . Rasure , ( lat . ) a shaving , or scraping . Ratiocination , ( lat . ) a reasoning , arguing , or discoursing . Ratification , ( lat . ) a ratifying , confirming , or making sure . Rational , ( lat . ) reasonable indued with reason ; it is also substantively taken for a certain Priestly attire among the Jews . Ravage , ( French ) havock , spoyl , ransack . Ra●city , ( lat . ) hoarsnesse . Ravenna , a famous Citie of Italie , where anciently the Exarchs belonging to the Emperour of Constantinople had their residence ; it is situate upon the Adriatick Seashore . Ravishment , or Rape , the violent deflouring of a woman ; also in Common-law , it is used for the taking away , either of a woman , or an Heir in Ward . Raunge , ( Fr. ) the Office of a Raunger , who is to drive back the wilde beasts of the Forest , as often as they Raunge out of the same into any of the Purlues . Ray , ( French ) a beam of the Sun , or any other Star ; also Metaphorically taken for the lustre of any glorious object . Cleopatra . R E Reach , a Term in Navigation , the distance of any two points of Land , which bear in a direct line one towards another . Reading , the chief Town in Bark-shire , so called from the River Rhea , or from Brittish word Redin , i. Fern , which groweth thereabout in great plenty ; here anciently the Danes fortified themselves , and made a Rampier between Kenet and Tamis , when they were defeated by King Aethelwolf . Read , or Rede , ( old word ) councel , advice , help . Real , ( Span. ) a kinde of Spanish Coyn , valuing about six pence of our money . Ream , a certain measure of paper , consisting of twenty quires . Reasonable aid , in Common-law , is a duty that the Lord of the fee claimeth , holding by Knights service , or in soccage to marry his daughter , or make his son Knight . Rebate , see Chamfering . Rebate , a Term used among merchants , to allow so much as the interest of any summe of money amount to , for the time of antepayment ; also a Term in Faulconry , vide to Bate . Rebecca , ( Hebr. ) fat and full , a proper name of women . Rebeck , an old Trot , Chaucer ; also a certain Musical instrument of 3 strings , called in Latin Sistrum , or Fidicula . Rebellion , ( Lat. as it were a rewarring ) a second resistance of such , as being formerly overcome in battel by the Romans , had yielded themselves to their subjection . Rebus , the expressing of any name , conceit , motto , or devise by a picture ; see Camdens Remains . Rebutter , a Term in Law , is , when the Donnee by virtue of a Warrantry made by the Donour repelleth the Heir . Recalcitration , ( lat . ) a striking back with the heel . Recantation , ( lat . ) a revoking , or unsaying what was said before . Recapitulation , ( lat . ) a brief Repetition , a summing up the heads of a former discourse . Recargaison , ( French ) a lading of a ship homeward , a backfraught . Recede , ( lat . ) to retire , to go back . Recent , ( lat . ) fresh , new , lately done . Recension , ( lat . ) a rehearsing , reckoning or numbring . Receptacle , ( lat . ) a place fit to receive , or contain any thing , a ware-house , or store-house . Reception , when two Planets are in each others dignity , then they are said to receive one another , and it is manifold , by house , by exaltation , by triplicity , term , or face . Recesse , ( lat . ) a recoyling , or going back , a place of recreat , or retirement . Recheat , a certain lesson , which Hunters wind on their Horn , when the Hounds have lost their Game . Recidivous , ( lat . ) falling , or sliding back , to the same passe as it was before . Reciprocal , ( lat . ) mutual , or interchangeable , whence Reciprocation . Recision , ( lat . ) a cutting away . Recitation , ( lat . ) a reciting , or rehearsing , whence Recitative stile in Musick is a kinde of singing , wherewith Heroick , or Dramatick Poems are rehearsed upon the stage . Reck , ( old word ) to care . Recluse , ( lat . ) shut up , retired , cloyster'd up in a solitary place . Recognisance , ( Fr. ) signifieth in Common-law , a Bond of Record , testifying from the Recognisour to the Recognizee , a certain summe of money , which is acknowledged in some Court of Record before a Judge , or other Officer of the Court. Recognition , ( lat . ) a revising , re-acknowledging , or calling to minde . Recollects , a certain Order of Fryars . Recommendation , ( lat . ) a commending any one to another . Recopilation , ( Span. ) a picking , or choosing out the best from among a great many things . Record , ( French ) in Common-law , signifieth an authentical , or uncontroulable testimony in writing . Recordation , ( lat . ) a remembring , or calling to minde . Recorder , one whom the Magistrate of a Town doth associate unto him , for his better direction in matters of Justice , and proceedings according to Law. Recovery , in Common-law , signifieth an obtaining of any thing by Judgement , or Tryal of Law. Recourse , ( lat . ) refuge , or retreat . Recoyle , ( French Reculeer as it were , retrahere culum , i. to draw back the tail ) to retire , or go back . Recreant , ( French ) fainthearted , not standing to ones challenge ; also treacherous . Recreation , ( lat . as it were a making , or creating anew ) a refreshing , reviving , or restoring . Recrement , ( lat . ) the drosse scum , or dregs of any thing . Recrimination , ( lat . ) a retorting back a fault upon the accuser . Rectangle , ( lat . ) a right , or streight angle , or corner , which is made by the falling of one line perpendicular upon another . Rectification , ( lat . ) a rectifying , a making right , or streight . Recto sur disclamer , a Writ that lieth where the Lord in the Kings Court doth avow upon his Tenant , and the Tenant disclaimeth to hold of him . Rectour , ( lat . ) a Governour , also he that hath the charge , or cure of any Parish Church . Rectus in curia , he that standeth at the Bar , and hath no man to object any thing against him . Reculade , ( French ) a recoiling , or going back , also a secret corner . Reculver , an ancient Town in Kent , heretofore called Regulbium , here the Captain of the first Band of the Vetasians lay in Garrison ; it is also famous for the Palace , built by Aethelbert , King of Kent , and the Monastery built by Brightwald , the eight Arch-bishop of Canterbury , from which the Town came to be called Raculf-minster . Recuperation , ( lat . ) a recovering . Recurvation , ( lat . ) a crooking , bowing , or bending backward . A Recusant , a Roman Catholick , so called from refusing to submit to the Discipline of the Reformed Church . Redamation , ( lat . ) a loving again . Redargution , ( lat . ) a disproving , a convincing of falsity by solid arguments . Redborn , ( signifying as much as redwater ) a Town in Hertford-shire , seated upon the Military High-way , commonly called Watling-street , it hath been famous heretofore for the Reliques of Amphibalus , who suffered Martyrdom under Dioclesian , and who converted St. Alban to the Christian faith . Reddition , ( lat . ) a restoring , or giving back . Redevable , ( French ) being in arrearage , or behinde in payment , whence it is used in a translate sence , for obleiged , or beholding to . Cleopatra . Redhibition , ( lat . ) the causing of any one by Law , to take that again which he sold. Rediculus , a certain God worshipt among the ancient Romans , without the Porta Capena , upon occasion of Hannibals returning from Rome , being frighted with certain apparitions . Redintegration , ( lat . ) a renewing , a making whole again . Redition , ( lat . ) a returning , or coming back . Redituaries , a certain Order of Fryars , being a branch of the Franciscans . Redolent , ( lat . ) yielding a sweet smell , fragrant . Redonation , ( lat . ) a giving back , that which was taken away . Redoubt , a Term in fortification , the jutting out of the angles , or corners of any work . A Redstert , a certain bird , otherwise called a Robin Redbreast , in Latin Rubicilla . Redshanks , the Irish-Scots , are so called from Reuda , an Irish Captain , who anciently , by force of Arms , seated himself in a part of Scotland . Redubbours , those that buy Cloath , which they know to be stollen , and turn it into 〈◊〉 other form , or fashion . Reduction , ( lat . ) a reducing , or bringing back . Redversies , commonly called Rivers's , the name of an honourable Family in Cornwal , who have been heretofore Earles of Devonshire , and Barons of Plimpton , they are stiled in Latin Records , de Ripariis . Redundancy , ( lat . ) an overflowing , abounding , or exceeding . Reduplication , ( lat . ) a redoubling , a Rhetorical figure , called in Greek Anadiplosis , wherein a verse , or sentence ends in the same word as the following begins . Reentry , in Common Law , is a resuming or taking again possession of what we had last forgon . Reev , or Greve , from the Saxon word Gerefa , the Bailiff of a Franchise or Manour . To Reeve , a term in Navigation , and spoken of ropes , signifieth as much as to put in or to put through . Refection , ( lat . ) a repast or meale . Refectory , or Refectuary , a place in Monasteries , where the Monks and Fryars eat together . To Refell , ( lat . ) to disprove by arguments , to confute , to prove false . Referendary ▪ ( lat . ) an officer who makes report of Petitions or Requests exhibited to any Prince , more particularly one under the Master of Requests in France . Reflection , ( lat . ) a bowing or bending back , a beating or striking back ; also by metaphor a casting back ones minde upon things past . Reflux , ( lat . ) a flowing back , an ebbing of the Sea or any River . Refocillation , ( lat . ) a cherishing , comforting , or reviving ; also a kindling or keeping warm . Reformado , ( Span. ) an officer who having lost his men , is continued in pay as an inferiour souldier . To Reform , a term in Faulconry , for a Hawk is not said to prune , but to reform her feathers . Refractary , ( lat . as it were irrefrangible , i. unbreakable ) stubborn or obstinate . Refranation , is when a Planet is applying to another , either by conjunction or aspect , and before he comes joyned , he becomes retrograde . Refret , ( French Refrain ) the burthen of a Ballade or Song . Refrigeration , ( lat . ) a refreshing or cooling again . Refuge , ( lat . ) a flying for succour or safety , a place of respite or succour . Refulgent , ( lat . ) shining bright . To Refund , ( lat . ) to dissolve or melt again , also to pay back . Refutation , ( lat . ) a confuting by arguments , a disapproving . Regal , ( lat . ) Kingly , Royal , Stately ; also a Regal signifieth a Ring or Jewel of great value . To Regale , ( French ) to fare like a King , to intertain Royally . Regalia , ( lat . ) the rights and priviledges of a King. Regardant , ( French ) looking back , a term in Heraldry . Regarder of the Forrest , is an officer of the Kings Forrest , who is sworn to make the regard of the Forrest , to surview all other officers , and to inquire of all offences , as well of Vert as of Venison , within all that ground that is parcell of the Forrest which is called the Regard . Regards , ( French ) attentive markings or observings of men and actions . Cleopat . Regency , ( lat . ) a ruling , but more particularly the Protectourship of a Kingdom . Regeneration , ( lat . ) a new-birth , a being born again spiritually . Regermination , ( lat . ) a sprouting forth or budding again . Regicide , ( lat . ) a King-killer . Regifugium , a certain Feast celebrated by the ancient Romans the seventh Calends of March , on which day Tarquin and Kingly government were banished Rome . Regiment , a body of souldiers consisting of 10 Companies or Troops . Register , ( lat . ) a Memorial or Record ▪ more particularly our ancientest Book of the Law , containing the Original Writs of the Common Law. Regl●tination , ( lat . ) a glueing again . Regrater , a word anciently used in the Common Law for him that bought by the great , and sold by retaile ; also one that trimmes up old wares for sale , a huckster . Regression , or Regresse , ( lat . ) a returning or going back . Regret , ( French ) desire , also sorrow or reluctance . Regularity , ( lat . ) order , rule , or prescript ; also a Canonical life . Marcus Attilius Regulus , a famous Roman , who being taken by the Carthaginians , had leave given him to treat about the exchange of prisoners , upon his word given to return by such a time , which having performed , he was put to death with exquisite torments . Regurgitation , ( lat . ) a swallowing up again . Rejection , ( lat . ) a casting off . To Reinbosce , ( Span. ) to return to the wood , to lie in ambush again . Rejoynder , in Common Law , signifieth a second answer made by the defendant , or an exception to a replication : the Civilians call it Duplication . Reister , ( French ) or Ruyter , ( Dutch ) a horseman ( whence Swartrutter , a horseman with black armour ) also a long horsemans cloak . Reiteration , ( lat . ) a saying or doing the same thing over again , a repeating . Relaps , ( lat . ) a falling back into any sicknesse . Relative , ( lat . ) having relation or nearnesse to some other thing . Relaxation , ( lat . ) a loosening , a releasing , a setting at liberty . Relay , a term in Hunting , a setting of hounds in a readinesse where the Deer are likely to passe . Release , in the Common Law , is an instrument , whereby estates , rights , titles , entrys , actions , and other things , are sometimes extinguished sometimes inlarged , sometimes transferred , and sometimes abridged . Relief , in Common Law , is a certain summe of money that the Tenant holding by knights-service , grandsergeantry , or other Tenure , for which homage or regal service is due , or by soccage for which no homage is due ; and being at full age at the death of his Ancestour , doth pay to his Lord at his entrance . Also a term in Architecture . Releg●tion , ( lat . ) a sending or conveying away , a banishing . To Relent , ( lat . ) to grow soft ; it is also used metaphorically for to melt into pitty or compassion . Relevation , ( lat . ) a raising or lifting up again . Relict , ( lat . ) a thing forsaken or left destitute ; also the Widow of a deceased husband , is called the Relict of such a one . Reliquary , ( French ) a shrine or casket where reliqnes ( i. something preserved either of the body or cloths of deceased Saints ) are kept . Relo●i●in , a returning to the same point again . Reliquation , ( lat . ) remains , or a being in arrearage . Reluctation , or Reluctance , ( lat . ) a striving , wrestling , or strugling against . Remainder , in Common Law , signifieth a power or hope to enjoy Lands , Rents or Tenements , after the estate of another expired . Remancipation , ( lat . ) a returning back a commodity into the hands of him of whom it was first bought . Remembrancers , three officers belonging to the Exchequer ; the first is called the Kings Remembrancer , who entreth in his office all recognisanses taken before the Barons , and maketh bonds for any of the Kings debts , or for appearance or observing of orders , and maketh proces for the breach of them . The second the Lord Treasurers Remembrancer , who puts him and the rest of the Justices in remembrance of such things as are to be dealt in for the Princes behoof . The third is the Remembrancer of the first fruits and tenths , who taketh all composition for first fruits and tenths , and maketh process against such as pay not the same . Remigation , ( lat . ) a rowing with oares . Reminiscence , ( lat . ) a remembring , or calling to mind . Remisse , ( lat . ) slack , negligent . Remissible , ( lat . ) pardonable , or to be forgiven . Remitter , in Common Law , is a restitution of him that hath two titles to Lands , unto that which is more ancient . Remonstrance , ( lat . ) a declaring , shewing , or giving of reasons . Remora , a fish called a Sea-lamprey or Suckstone , which stoppeth the course of a Ship ; also taken metaphorically for any delay or hindrance . ▪ Remorse , ( lat . ) as it were a rebiting or gnawing again , the sting of conscience , or troubles of mind for former evil actions . Remuneration , ( lat . ) a rewarding or recompensing for former good turus . Remus , the brother of Romulus , who slew him that he might obtain the whole dominion to himself . Rencounter , ( French ) an unexpected adventure , or meeting of two adverse parties . Renavigation , ( lat . ) a sailing back . Rendevous , ( a word signifying in French render your selves ) a place where souldiers are mustred . Rendlesham , or Rendlisham , a Town in Suffolk , anciently the Mansion house of Redwald King of the East Saxons , who being the first of that Kingdom that was baptized , neverthelesse by his wifes seducement , he had in the same Church one altar for Christian Religion , and another for his old heathen superstition . Renegado , ( Span. ) a souldier that revolts to the enemy . Renimed , or Runningmead , a famous meadow in the County of Middlesex , where in the year of our Lord 1215 the Barons of England assembled in great numbers to claim their liberties of King John. Renitency , ( lat . ) a resistance or striving against . Renodation , ( lat . ) an unknitting or undoing of a knot . Renovation , ( lat . ) a making new or fresh , a renewing . Rent , in Common Law , is a summe of money or other consideration issueing yearly out of Lands or Tenements . Renversed , ( French ) turned the contrary . Renumeration , ( lat . ) a numbring , counting , or paying back . Renunciation , ( lat . ) a bringing word back again . Renvoy , ( French ) a dismission or sending back . Repandous , ( lat . ) bowed or bent back . Reparation , ( lat . ) a mending or making up again . Repast , ( French , as it were a feeding again ) a meale . Repastination , ( lat . ) the altering of grounds with often digging . Repensation , ( lat . ) a recompensing , or making satisfaction . Repentine , ( lat . ) sudden , unawares , unexpected . Repercussion , ( lat . ) a beating or striking back . Repertitious , ( lat . ) found by chance . Repignoration , ( lat . ) a redeeming a pawn or gage . Repletion , ( lat . ) a stuffing , or filling full . Replevy , the bringing of a Writ called replegiari facias by him that hath his cattel or other goods distraind , and putting in surety to the Sheriff that upon delivery of the thing distrained , he will pursue the action against him . Replication , ( lat . ) an unfolding , also a second answering or making a reply . Report , in Common Law , is a relation or repetition of a case debated or argued . Reposition , ( lat . ) a putting back , a setting again in his place . Repository , ( lat . ) a storehouse , or place to keep things in ▪ more peculiarly by the Architects , such places as are built for the laying up of rareties either in picture or other arts are called Repositories . Reprehension , ( lat . ) a blaming or reproving . Representation , ( lat . ) a making the resemblance or likenesse of any thing . Reprise , ( French ) a taking back again , also any deduction or duty paid yearly out of a Manour . Reprisell , ( French ) a seizing on for a pawn or prize . See Law of Marque . To Reprive , in Common Law , is to take back a prisoner from the execution or proceeding of the Law. Reprobation , ( lat . ) a reproving , also a rejecting or casting out of favour , whence a Reprobate is taken for a wicked person or one cast out of gods favour . Reptitious , ( lat . ) stealing or creeping on by degrees . Repton , a Town in Darbyshire , famous in old times , for being the burial place of King Aethelbald , and also for the misfortune of Burthred , the last King of the Mercians , who was here deprived of his Kingdom by the Danes . Republique , ( lat . ) a Common-wealth or Free-State . Repudiation , ( lat . ) a refusing , a putting away or divorcing . Repugnancy , ( lat . ) resistance , contrariety of one thing to another . Repullulation , ( lat . ) a budding forth , a springing up again . Repumication , ( lat . ) a slicking , or raizing with a pumice . Reputation , ( lat . ) esteem , reckoning , or good opinion . Request , ( French ) a petition or desire , also a Court of the same nature with the Chancery , redressing by equity the wrongs that divers men suffer , either by Law or otherwise , at the hands of those that are more powerfull than themselves . To sing a Requiem , signifieth to sing a Masse for the eternal rest of the soules of those that are deceased , the word Requies signifying in Latin rest . Resceyt , ( lat . receptio ) in Common Law is an admission of a third person to plead his right in a cause between other two . To Rescind , ( lat . ) to take away , to destroy , or repeal , whence a Rescissorian Act , is that which makes void a former Act , or Law. Rescissorian action , ( lat . ) an action that nulleth , or maketh void . Rescous , in Common-law , is a resistance of lawfull authority , by taking away , or procuring the escape of any one arrested by a Bayliffe . Rescrib●ndary , a certain Officer belonging to Rome , who sets a value upon indulgencies and supplications . Rescript , ( lat . ) a writing , which is in answer to any Letter , Petition , Writ , &c. Research , ( French ) a constant perseverance , a continual repetition of services . Cleopatra . Resentment , or Ressentiment , ( French ) a sensible feeling , or true apprehension of any thing . Reseration , ( lat . ) an unlocking , or unbolting . Reservation , ( lat . ) a reserving , or keeping in store ; also in Common-law , it is taken for that Rent , or service , which the Granter in any Grant tieth the Grantee to perform unto him ; also Reservation , or Reservednesse , is used in Romances for that distance and state , which Ladies observe in their behaviour toward those that Court them . Resiance , ( French ) a mans abode , or continuance in a place . Residence , ( lat . ) the same , but more peculiarly ; it is used for the continuance of a Parson , or Vicar upon his benefice . Residue , ( lat . ) the rest , or remainder . Resignation , ( lat . ) an unsealing , also a surrendring up , but more particularly , the resigning up a benefice into the hands of the Ordinary . Resilition , ( lat . ) a rebounding , or leaping back . Resinous , ( lat . ) full of Rosin . Resipiscence , ( Latin , as it were a being wise again ) a repenting , a changing ones minde from doing foolishly . Resistence , ( Lat. as it were a withstanding ) a Term in Philosophy , taken for the property of a solid body , which resisteth and opposeth whatsoever comes against it . Resolution , ( lat . ) in the primitive acception , signifieth a loosening , or untying , but it is generally taken onely for a full purpose , or intention to do any thing , perhaps , because by untying , all knots , and hindrances are taken away . Resonant , ( lat . ) resounding , ringing , or ecchoing out aloud . Resource , ( French ) a new source , a recovery . Respight of homage , signifieth the forbearing of homage , which ought first of all to be performed by the Tenant that holdeth by homage . Respiration , ( lat . ) a breathing , or taking ●espite . Resplendent , ( lat . ) shining bright , or glistering . Response , or Responsion , ( lat . ) an Answer . Responsory song , an Anthem , wherein they sing by turns as it were , one answering the other . Restagnation , ( lat . ) an overflowing , a bubling up . Restauration , ( lat . ) a restoring , making new , or repairing . Restible , ( lat . ) tilled every year , also flourishing , or bearing fruit every year . Restipulation , ( lat . ) a putting in a pledge or gage for the assurance of ones answer unto an action in Law. Restitution , ( lat . ) a restoring back ; in Common-law it is taken for the setting him in possession of Lands , or Tenements , that hath been unlawfully disseised of them . Restive , ( French ) unwilling , stubborn , obstinate . Restriction , ( lat . ) a holding , or restraining . Resuery , ( French ) madnesse , sottishnesse . Resultancy , or Result , ( French ) a rebounding , or leaping back ; also the issue , or event of a businesse ; also a conclusion drawn from any thing . Resumption , ( lat . ) a taking back again , particularly a taking back into the Kings hands , as before he had delivered to the Heir , or granted by Letters Patents to any man. Resupination , ( lat . ) a lying along on the back with the face upward . Resurrection , ( lat . ) a rising again . Resuscitation , ( lat . ) a raising up again . Retailler , ( French ) a seller by retail , i. by pieces , or parcels , and not by the grosse . Retainer , in Common-law , is taken for a servant not maenial , but onely using his masters name , or bearing his livery . Retaliation , ( lat . ) a doing like for like , a requiting , either good , or bad . Retardation , ( lat . ) a forslowing , lingring , or staying . Retention , ( lat . ) a retaining , or holding back ; in Common-law , it is meant , when a Court pronounceth not a full arrest , or judgement , but reserves somewhat to be afterwards ordered . Retentive , ( lat . ) apt to retain , or hold in , whence Retentive faculty , the retaining powr of nature , which keeps in the nourishment within the body , so long as is convenient . Reticence , ( lat . ) a being silent , or holding ones peace . Reticle , ( lat . ) a little Net. Retinacle , ( lat . ) that which retains , or holds back another thing . Retortion , ( lat . ) a twisting , or writhing backward . Retraction , ( lat . ) a drawing back ; also a shifting , or going off from ones word . Retraxit , in Common-law is an exception against one that formerly commenc't an action , and withdrew it , or was non-suit before tryal . Retreat , ( French ) a retiring , also a place of accommodation and security . Retribution , ( lat . ) a giving back , a making recompence , or requital . Retriment , ( lat . ) the drosse , or dregs of metal , also any kinde of rubbish . Retrive , ( from the French Retrover , to finde again ) a Term in Hawking , to spring Partridges again , after they have once sprung already ; also to recover a thing given for lost . Retroaction , ( lat . ) a driving backward . Retrocession , ( lat . ) a going backward . Retrocopulation , ( lat . ) a coupling backward . Retroduction , ( lat . ) a leading , or bringing back . Retrogradation , ( lat . ) a recoiling , or going back ; a Planet goes Retrogade , when it goes contrary to the succession of the signs . Retrogression , ( lat . ) the same as Retrogradation . Return in Common-law , signifieth the return of a Writ by Sheriffs and Bayliffs , which is a Certificate made to the Court where the Writ directeth him , of that which he hath done touching the serving of the same Writ . Reuda , a certain Irish Captain , who by force of Arms seated himself in a part of Scotland . Revelation , ( lat . ) a revealing laying open , or discovering . Revels , sports of dancing , masking , comedies , &c. formerly used in the Kings house and Inns of Court , from the French Reveiller , to awake , because they were performed in the night time . Reverberation , ( lat . ) a reflecting , a beating , or striking back . Reverbitorie , ( lat . ) a kinde of Fornace , or Limbeck . Reverse , ( French ) a back-blow in fencing . Reversed , turned backward , or upside down , a Term in Heraldry , being the abatement of a Cote proper to him that ravishes a Maid , or Widow , or flies from his soveraigns Banner . Reversion , ( lat . ) a returning , also in Common-law , is a possibility reserved to mans self , and his Heirs to have again , Lands , or Tenements made over conditionally to others , upon the failing of such conditions . Revestiary , a place where the Church Vestments are kep● , a Vestry . Reviviction , ( lat . ) a reviving , a coming again to ones self . Revocation , ( lat . ) a calling back . Revolution , ( lat . ) a rowling back , the turning back of caelestial bodies to their first point , and finishing their circular course . Revulsion , ( lat . ) a plucking back , or drawing away , in Physick it is an evacuation of the Morbisick matter , by places opposite to the seat of the humour . Rewish , ( Dutch ) lecherous , a word applied to the copulation of Doves . R H Rhabdomancy , ( Greek ) divination by a wand staff , or rod. Rhadamanthus , the son of Jupiter and Europa , who for his severity in Justice was faign'd by the Poets to have been one of the three infernal Judges , the other two being Aeacus and Minos . Rhaetia , a Countrey of Europe , bordering upon Helvetia , and the Lake Larius , it is divided into higher and lower Rhetia , the inhabitants of the higher are called Grisons of the lower Boiarii . Rhapsodie , ( Greek ) see Rapsodie . Rhedarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Car , or Coach. Rhedarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Waggon , or Cart. Rhesus , a King of Thrace , the son of Strymon and Euterpe , he came with his white horses to the aide of the Trojans , and was killed by Diomed and Vlisses , with the help of Dolon , those white horses , upon which the fate of Troy depended , being brought away by the Greeks . Rhetorical , ( lat . ) eloquent , full of Rhetorick , i. the art of speaking well , and eloquently . Rhinoceros , ( Greek ) a kinde of Indian beast , having a horn on his nose . Rhodus , a famous Island in the Carpathian Sea , formerly consecrated to the Sun , in honour of whom a mighty Colossus was made , 50 Cubits in length . Rhomb , or Roumb , ( lat . ) a certain Geometrical square figure , consisting of equal sides , but unequal angles ; also a spinning wheel , also a Mariners Compasse , or Sea Chart. Rhonchisonant , ( lat . ) sounding like one that snorts in his sleep . Rhythmical , ( Greek ) belonging to Rhythme , or Meeter in verse ; as also to proportion , or harmony in Musick . R I Rialto , a stately place in Venice , like to our Royal Exchange . Ribadavia , a Town in Gallicia , a Province of Spain , from whence is brought a sort of wine much esteemed . Riband , is lesse then a Cost , and contains the eighth part of a Bend. Ribauldry , ( Ital. ) whoredom , uncleannesse , or the carriage of a Ruffian . Ribibble , ( old word ) a Fiddle , or Cittern . Richmond , q. rich mount , the chief Town of Richmondshire ; it was walled about , and fortified with a strong Castle against the Danes , by Allan the first Earle thereof , also the name of one of the Kings houses in Surrey , where King Edward the third died . Ribolla , a kinde of strong wine , so called . Riches , by the Hunters taken for a Company , and so they say a riches of Marterns . Richard , a proper name of a man , signifying in the Saxon tongue powerfull disposition . Ricture , ( lat . ) a grinning or shewing the teeth like a dog , also a fretting or chasing inwardly . To Ride in Navigation , is , when a ship is held in so fast by her Anchors , that she doth not drive away by the tide , or winde . Riding Clark , one of the six Clarks of the Chancery , who takes his turn for his year to have the controling of all Grants which passe the great Seal . Rier County , a publick place , which the Sheriffe appointeth for the receit of the Kings money , after the end of his County . Rigation , ( lat . ) a bedewing , watering , or sprinkling . Rigidity , or Rigour , ( lat . ) stifnesse with cold , or frost ; also surlinesse , strictnesse , severity . Rigel , the left foot of Orion . Rigols , a certain Musical instrument , called a Clericord , it comes from the French Regalliadir , i. to rejoyce . Ringtail , a kinde of Puttock , or Kite , having whitish feathers about his tail . Ringwalk , a Term in hunting , being a round walk made by Hunters . Riot , in Common-law , is the forcible doing of an unlawfull act , by three , or more persons assembled together for that purpose . Riphaean-hills , certain Hills of Scythia , so called from the Greek word Ripe , i. the violent force of windes blowing from those parts , they are also called Hyperborean Mountains . Ripiers , those that use to bring fish from the Sea-coast to the inner parts of the land , it comes from the Latin word Ripa , a Bank , or Shore . Risible , ( lat . ) subject to laughter . Risingham , ( signifying in the Brittish tongue the Gyants habitation ) a certain Town in Northumberland , of which the old Brittains fabulously reported , that it was defended by their god Magon , against a Soldan , or great Prince in those times . Rituals , certain books , which prescribe the Rites and Ceremonies of the Roman Church . Rivage , ( French ) the water-side , or Sea-Coast . Rivality , ( lat . ) envy between Rivals , i. two persons loving one , and the same woman , being a Metaphor borrowed from those that fetch water from the same river . Rivulet , ( lat . ) a Brook , or little river . Rixation , ( lat . ) a brawling , or wrangling . Rizon , a Citie of Illyria , seated upon a River of the same name . R O Roan colour , a kinde of dark , or Chesnut colour , being most properly spoken of a Horse . Robert , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch famous in Councel . Robigalia , certain feasts kept in May , by the ancient Romans in honour of Robigus , who was worshipt as a God among them , for that he was thought to keep the Corn from blasting . Robiginous , ( lat . ) full of rust , also blasted as Corn. Roboration , ( lat . ) a strengthning , or making strong , from Robur , i. an Oak . Robustous , ( lat . ) strong as an Oak . Roch , ( old word ) a Rock . Rochester , a Citie in Kent , called in Latin Roffa , from one Rhufus , but more anciently Durobrevis , in the year 676. it was laid waste by Aetheldred , King of the M●rcians , and many a time afterwards sacked by the Danes . Rochet , a kinde of fish , so called ; also a kinde of surplice , or Bishops Robe . Rod , a certain Land measure , see Pearch . Rode , a station for ships , from the Dutch word Reed . Rodknights , or Radknights , certain servitours , which hold by serving their Lord on hors-back . Rodnet , a Net to catch Black-birds , or Wood-cocks in . Rodomontade , ( Span. ) a vain-glorious bragging , or boasting . Roe , or Roebuck , a kinde of Deer , called in French la Chevrelle . Rogation , ( lat . ) an asking , demanding , or intreating , whence Rogati●n week , the next week but one before Whi●sunday ; so called from the duty of fasting and prayer injoyned at that time by the Church , as a preparative to the feast of the Ascention , it is also called Gang week , and by some Grasse week . Roger , the proper name of a man , from the Dutch word Ruger , i. quiet , or Rodgar , i. strong Councel . Rogitation , ( lat . ) an asking often , an intreating earnestly . Roiston , a Town in Hertfordshire , anciently called Roises Crosse , from a Crosse built by Dame Roise ( as some think ) Countesse of Norfolk , but being augmented by Eustace de Marck , it came to be called Roiston , q. Roises Town . The Rolls , a place appointed by Edward the third , for the keeping of the Rolls , or Records of Chancery , the master whereof in the absence of the Lord Chancelour sitteth as Judge . Rollo , a famous Captain , who with a select Company of Danish youths going to seek out new habitations , setled in that part of France , which is now called Normandy , the French at last after much War were glad to make a league with them , and to allow them quiet possession of what they had conquered , and Rollo marrying the daughter of Charls the simple , was both himself baptised , and likewise caused all his people to imbrace the Christian faith . Roma , the chief Citie of Italy , and most famous of the world , built by Romulus and Remus , the Grand-children of Numitor , the inhabitants of this Citie and parts adjacent , called the Romans , were anciently a people renowned , both in warre and peace , and masters of a great part of the world . Romance , a feigned history from Romant , the most eloquent sort of French , or Roman , which hath heretofore been used to signifie any thing written , or expressed eloquently . Rome , ( old word ) to wander , or walk up and down . Romescot , or Romefeoh , a certain tribute paid to Rome , commonly called Peter-pence . Romulus and Remus , the sons of Sylvia , ( as some suppose by Mars ) the daughter of Numitor , King of the Albans , they were preserved from the cruelty of their Unkle Amulius by Laurentia ( of which see more in Laurentia ) Romulus having slain his brother Remus , obtained the sole Government of the Citie to himself ; he overcam● the Veientes ( who made warre upon the Romans , because that they wanting wives , had ravisht the Virgins that came from Neighbouring places to see their shews called Consualia ) dedicating the spoiles to Jupiter Feretrius ; he also overcame the Fidenates and the Sabines , whom he caused with Titus Toetius their King , to inhabit Rome , and to joyn into one Common-wealth with the Romans , at length in a great Assembly at the Lake of Caprea , a sudden Tempest arising , he vanisht away , none knowing what became of him . Roncevalles , anciently called Rocida Valis , a Town of Navar , famous for the burial of Rowland , kinsman to Charles the Great . Rondacher , ( French ) he that carrieth a Rondach , i. a Target , or Buckler . Rondelier , ( French ) the same , also a Target maker . Rood , the same as Rod , or Pearch , also a Crosse. Roodloft , ( Saxon ) a shrine , a place to put a rood , or crosse in , or the image , or relique of any Saint . Rorid , Roral , or Rorulent , ( lat . ) dewy , bespringled with dew . Rosamunda , the daughter of Cunimundus , King of the Gepidae , she was married to Alboinus , King of the Lombards , who having made a feast , drank a health to her out of a Cup made of his fathers skull , for which she procured his death by the means of Herminges , with whom she fled to Longinus , Exarch of Ravenna , and married him , but afterwards being in hopes to marry Longinus , she offered a potion to Helminges in the bath , which was poison , which he suspecting , forced her to drink it her self , the word signifieth in Saxon rose of peace . Rosarie , ( lat . ) a place where Roses grow ; also a short prayer book , or a pair of beads , containing 150 Pater Nosters , and 150 Avemaria's . Roscid , ( lat . ) the same as rorid . Roscoman , a County of Ireland , in the Province of Conaught . Rose , a Christian name of divers women , the signification well known . Rosion , ( lat . ) a gnawing . Rosse , a Countrey of Scotland , denominated from the Brittish word Rosse , i. a heath , or place of lings . Rostration , ( lat . ) a thrusting in the beak or bill . Rotation , ( lat . ) a wheeling , or moving about like a wheel . To say a lesson by Rote , to say it as roundly and currently , as a wheel runs in his rote , or track . Rotundity , ( lat . ) roundnesse . Rou , ( old word ) ugly , froward . Rouge , Crosse , see Pursuivant . Roundin , a Term in Navigation , is a letting rise the main , or foretack , and haling aft the foresheat to the cathead , and main sheat to the cabridge-head , when the wind larges upon the main and foresail . Roundel , a Term in Heraldry , being the figure of a round ball . Roundelay , a Sheapherds song , or dance . Roundlet , a wine measure , containing 8 Gallons and a half . Rounds , a Term in Sculpture , the fragments of statues . Rowland , a proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch Councel for the land . To Rowze a Hart , to raise him from his harbour . Rowze , the Forresters say a rowz of Wolves ; in Faulconry a Hawk is said to rowse , not shake her self . Rous-in , a Term in Navigation , to make a Cable tight when it is slack upon the water . A Routurier , ( Fr. ) a Pesant , or Plough-man . Colour de Roy , a violet colour , which is the French Kings proper colour . Royal , ( French ) kingly , belonging to a King , whence Royalties , the Rights , or Prerogative of a King : Royal is also a Term in Hunting , see Torch Royal. R U Rubefaction , ( lat . ) a making red . Rubet , a stone found in the head of a Toad , commonly called a Toad-stone . Rubicon , a River of Italy , between Rimini and Ravenna , which ●loweth into the Adriatick Sea ; it is now called Runcone ▪ or Piscatello . Rubicund , ( lat . ) bloud red . Rubie , a certain red Gem shining in the dark like a spark of fire . Rubiginous , ( lat . ) see Robigus . Rubrication , ( lat . ) a making red , whence Rubricative , a plaister so strongly drawing that it makes the part look red . Rubrick , a special Title of the Law , or a noted sentence of any book marked with red Letters ; also a Calender of Saints and Festivals . Ructation , ( lat . ) a belching . Rudheath , a place in Cheshire , where there was formerly a sanctuary for those that had trespassed against the Law , to remain secure for a year and a day . Rudiments , ( lat . ) the first Elements , or principles of any art , or faculty , because those that come first to be instructed are to be imagined , altogether rude and ignorant . Ruffe , a certain kinde of fish , by some called an Aspredo . Rugosity , ( lat . ) ruggednesse , fulnesse of wrinkles . Ruinous , ( lat . ) going to wrack , falling to decay . A Carpenters Rule , an instrument to measure board , or timber with . Rumbe , see Rhombe . Rumia , a certain goddesse among the ancient Romans , who was said to have the care of sucking children , from Rumi , an ancient Latin word , signifying womens paps . To Rumidge , in Navigation , is to remove goods , or luggage out of a ships howld , whence it is also used upon other occasions . Rumigeration , ( lat . ) a carrying tales , a spreading a rumour , or report abroad . Rumination , ( lat . ) a chewing of the cud , a pondering in ones minde , or earnestly thinking upon any thing . Ruminus , a sirname of Jupiter , affording teats to every creature . Runcina , the goddesse of weeding . Ruption , ( lat . ) a breaking , or bursting . Rural , ( lat . ) belonging to the Countrey . Russia , a Countrey of Europe , bordering upon Hungary toward the South . Rustication , ( lat . ) a dwelling in the Country . Rusticity , ( lat . ) a Countrey Garb , or carriage ; also clownishnesse . Rut , to desire copulation , a Term most properly applied to Deer . Rutilation , ( lat . ) a shining , glistring , or glaring . Ruttier , ( French ) a direction for the finding out of courses by Land , or Sea ; also an old beaten Souldier . S A SAbaoth , ( from the Hebrew Scabath to rest , ) a celebration of the seventh day of the week ; as a day of rest among the Jews , in remembrance of Gods resting from the work of the creation on that day , instead of which the first day of the week , called the Lords day , hath been ever observed by Christians , in remembrance of Christs Resurrection . Sabbatarians , those that observe the Jewish-Sabbath . Sabbatical , ( lat . ) belonging to the Sabbath . Sabellians , a sort of Hereticks ; so called from Sabellius their first Author , they affirmed the Father , Son , and holy Ghost , to be one onely person , having three names . Sable , ( French ) the colour black in Heraldry ; also a certain rich furre , taken from a Russian beast , so called . Sabrina , the name of a very fair , and pleasant River , springing out of Plimlimmon Hills in Wales , and taking its course through Shropshire , Worcestershire , and several other Shires ; it is vulgarly called Severn , see Severn . Saburrate , ( lat . ) to ballast a ship with Gravel . Sacerdotal , ( lat . ) priestly , belonging to a Priest. Saccus cum brochia , a service of finding a sack , and a broach to the King by virtue of a Tenure , for the use of his Army . Sachem , a general name for any great Prince , or Ruler among the people of the West-Indies . Sack , a measure of Wool , containing 26 stone , and 14 pound . Sacramental , ( lat . ) belonging to a Sacrament , or Oath . Sacrificial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Sacrifice , or holy offering . Sacrilegious , ( lat . ) committing Sacriledge , i. a robbing of Churches , or violating of holy things . Sacristie , or Sacrary , ( lat . ) a Vestry , a place where the Priests Vestments , and things belonging to the Church are kept . Sadduces , a Sect among the Jews ; so called from Sadock their first Author , they denied the being of Angels , and the Resurrection of the body . Safe conduct , see Passeport . Sagacity , ( lat . ) quicknesse of understanding , or apprehension , sharpnesse of judgement , or wit. Sagamore , a King , or Supream Ruler among the Indians . Sagbut , ( Span. ) a kinde of Musical instrument , somewhat resembling a Trumpet . Sagination , ( lat . ) a cramming , or making fat . Sagittal , ( lat . ) belonging to an Arrow . Sagittarius , one of the 12 signes of the Zodiack , see ●hiron . Sagittipotent , ( lat . ) powerfull in darts , or arrows . Saguntus , a Town of Valentia , a Province of Spain , now called Morviedro , situate upon the River Ibero ; it was destroyed by Hannibal , which was the cause of the second Punick war. Saker , a kind of Hawk , ( called in Greek Hierax , i. holy ) also a great piece of Ordnance . Saie , a kinde of stuffe to make Cloaths of , called in Spanish Saietta . Saint Anthonies fire , see Erysipely . Salacity , ( lat . ) wantonnesse , or inclination to Venery , perhaps from Salacia a goddesse of the water , whom the ancients held to be the wife of Neptune , and that she caused the fluctuation , or moving up and down of the Sea ; also the Ebbing and flowing of the Sea was called by the Romans in old time Salicia and Venilia . Salade , ( French ) a kinde of head-piece or helmet ; called also Salet . Salamander , a kinde of little beast like a Lizard , vulgarly believed to subsist in the hottest fire , and to quench it . Salarie , ( lat . ) a servants stipend , or wages ; so called as Pliny saith from Sal , i. Salt , both being alike necessary . Salenae , the ancient name of a Town in Bedfordshire , now called Salndy , Sandy . Salebrous , ( lat . ) rugged , rough , uneven . Saliant , ( lat . ) leaping , a Term in Heraldry . Saligot , ( Fr. ) a water-nut , or Caltrop . Salii , the 12 Priests of Mars instituted by Numa Pompilius . Marcus Livius Salinator , a famous Roman Captain , Consull with Claudius Nero , he overcame Asdrubal in the second Punick warre . Salique Law , a Law whereby the Crown of France cannot fall from the Lance to the distaffe , i. cannot be inherited by women ; it is so called , either from these words si aliqua , often mentioned in the Law ( which as some say was made by Pharamond , others by Philip the fair ) or else from the River Sala , near unto which the Francks anciently inhabited . Salisbury , the chief Citie of Wiltshire , risen up out of the ruines of a very ancient Town called Sorbiodunum , and by vulgar Latinists Sarum , and Sarisburia , this place is famous for a stately Minster , built here in the reign of King Henry the third , by Richard Poor , then Bishop of Salisbury ; this Cathedral hath as many windows as there are dayes in the year , as many pillars as there are hours in a year , and the gates are answerable in number to the 12 moneths . Salivation , ( lat . ) a fluxing , or drawing humours out of the mouth by spettle . Salligot , ( French ) a kinde of fruit , called water Nuts . Sallow , ( latin Salix ) the Goats willow-tree . Sally , to issue out of a besieged Town , from the Spanish word Salir . Salmacis , a Fountain of Caria , near Halicarnassus ; so called from Salmacis , a Nymph , who falling in love with Hermaphroditus , the son of Mercury and Venus , when she could by no other means draw him to her love , she leapt into the Fountain , and imbracing him , prayed unto the gods that they might grow into one , whereupon they immediately became one person , having both Sexes ; also at the prayers of Hermaphroditus the Fountain contracted this quality , that who ever entred into it , were transformed into both Sexes , and called Hermaphrodites . Salmoneus , a King of Elis , the son of Aeolus , who aspiring to be a god , drove his Chariot over a brazen bridge , which he had made , that he might imitate Thunder , at which Jupiter inraged , struck him down to Hell with a Thunderbolt . Salomon , a proper name , signifying in Hebrew peaceable . Salsamentarious , ( lat . ) belonging to salt things , brine , or pickle . Salsure , ( lat . ) a salting , seasoning , or powdering . Saltation , ( lat . ) a dancing , or leaping . Saltimbanco , ( Ital. ) a Mountebank , or Quacksalver . Saltire , a Term in Heraldry , see Sautoir . Salvatel Vein , see Vein . Salubrity , ( lat . ) wholsomnesse , or healthfulnesse . Salutatory , ( lat . ) a place where people stand to salute great men . Salutiferous , ( lat . ) bringing health , or safety . Samaria , a Countrey of Palaestine , bordering upon Judaea . Sambenito , ( Span. ) a Coat of course sackcloth , in which Paenitents are reconciled to the Church . Sambuke , a Musical instrument , called also a Dulcimer ; also a warlike Engine . Samonds , the sirname of a very ancient family of Barons , who heretofore had their chief habitation at Bromham in Wiltshire , they are stiled in Latin Records de Sancto Amando . Samos , the name of two Islands , the one near Ionia over against Ephesus , sacred to Juno , anciently called Parthenia , the other in the bay of ▪ Ambracia , over against Epirus , anciently called Cephalenia . Samothracia , an Island of the Aegaean Sea , not far from Thrace , heretofore called Dardania . Samplar , corrupted from Examplar , a pattern or coppy . Sampson , a proper name , signifying in Heb. there the second time . Samuel , another proper name , signifying in Heb. placed of God. Sanable , ( lat . ) to be healed or cured . Sanchia , a Christian name of divers women from the Latin Sancta , i. holy . Sanctification , ( lat . ) a sanctifying , hallowing , or making holy . Sanctimony or Sanctity , ( lat . ) the profession of holinesse . Sanction , ( lat . ) a decreeing , enacting , or establishing , any Law or Ordinance . Sanctuary , ( lat . ) a sanctified or holy place ; also a place priviledged by the Prince for the safeguard of offenders lives , founded upon the great reverence which the Prince beareth unto the place whereunto he granteth such a priviledge . Sanctum Sanctorum , the innermost and holiest place of the Jews Temple where the Arke was kept . Sandal , a kind of pantofle or slipper ; also a pretious sort of Indian wood . A Sandapile , ( lat . ) a coffin or beer to carry dead bodies on . Sandarach , a kind of red painting , otherwise called Orpine or red Arsenick . A Sand-bag , in Etching or Graving , is that on which they use to turn their plate . Sanglant , ( French ) bloody , or imbrued with blood . Sanglier , ( French ) a Bore of five years old . Sanguin , or Sangnineous , ( lat . ) full or abounding with blood ; also of a complexion where that humour is predominant ; also in Heraldry it is taken for a kind of ruddy or murrey colour . Sanguinolent , ( lat . ) bloody or cruel . Sanhedrim , ( Heb. ) the Supream Council or Court of judicature among the Jews , consisting of the high Priest and 70 Seniors or Elders who were to consult about the greatest matters of the Common-wealth , both Ecclesiastical and Civil . Sanity , ( lat . ) health , soundnesse . Sanjacks , the Governours of Cities among the Turks . Sanicle , a kind of herb called self-heal . Sankfin , ( from the French words Sang , i. blood , and fine , i. ended ) a finall end of any lineal race or descent of kindred . Saphaena vein , see vein . Saphick verse , a kind of verse consisting of a trochee , spondee , dactyle , and two trochee's , and having at the end of every three verses an Adonic which consists of a dactyl and spondee . This kind of verse was first invented by Sapho a famous Poetesse of Mitylene . Saphire , a kind of Gem or pretious Stone of an azure colour . Sapidity , or Sapor , ( lat . ) savorinesse , well season'dnesse , pleasantnesse of taste or savour . Sapience , ( lat . ) wisdom or prudence . Sapphick , see Saphick . Saraband , ( Ital. ) a kind of Lesson or Air in Musick going with a quick time . Sarah , a proper name of a woman signifying in Heb. Mistresse or Dame. Sarcasm , ( Greek ) a bitter jest , scoff , or taunt . Sarcell , the pinion of a Hawk . Sarcenet , a kind of thin Taffata . Sarcination , ( lat . ) a loading with packs or fardells . Sarconia , ( Greek ) a bunch of flesh growing upon the nose . Sarcophage , ( Greek ) a certain stone wherein dead bodies being inclosed , do consume away within a short time ; also a Tomb or Sepulchre . Sarcotick , ( Greek ) breeding new flesh . Sarculation , ( lat . ) a weeding or plucking up of weeds , whence the time that Countrymen weed their corn in is vulgarly called Sarcling time . Sardanapalus , the last King of Assyria , against whom for his luxury and effeminacy , Arbaces , the Satrap of Media and Belochus of Balylon rebelling , transferred the Empire to Media and Babilonia . Sardanapalus , as soon as he saw himself in danger , throwing himself and all his riches into a burning Pyre , which he built for that purpose . Sardel , or Sardine , a kind of fish called a pilcher . Sardinia , an Island in the Ligustick Ocean , so called from Sardus the son of Hercules , who planted himself here . Sardonick laughter , an immoderate and deadly laughter , from the herb Sardon , which being eaten causeth it . Sardonyx , a kind of Gem or pretious Stone of a dark or blackish colour , being also called a Corneol or Onyx of Sardinia . Sarmatia , a very large Country , reaching from the borders of Germany and the River Vistula , as far as Hircania , and is divided into Sarmatia , Europaea , and Sarmatia Asiatica . Sarmentitious , ( lat . ) belonging to branches or twigs . Sarpedon , a King of Lycia , he was the son of Jupiter by Laodamia the daughter of Bellerophon , and going to help the Trojans was killed by Patroclus , and carried out of the field by Apollo at Jupiters command . Sarplar , or Serplath , a quantity of wool consisting of 80 Tod , each Tod being two stone , and each stone 14 pound . A Sarse , a sive of hair . Sarsaparilla , the root of a certain tree called Smilax Peruviana . Sassafras , the wood of another Indian tree very useful in Physick . Satanical , belonging to Satan , i. the Devil , from the Hebrew word sitnath , i. hatred . It Sate me sore , ( old word ) it touch't me greatly . Satellite , ( lat . ) a Yeoman of the Guard , also a Catchpole . Satiety , ( lat . ) fullnesse , glutting , whence satiation , a filling or cloying . Satisdation , ( lat . ) a putting in bail or surety . Satisfaction , ( lat . ) a satisfying or making amends ; also a taking great content or pleasure in any thing . Satorious , ( lat . ) belonging to sowing or sowers . Satrap , ( Greek ) a title anciently given to the chief Governour of any Province under the King of Persia. Saturity , ( lat . ) the same as Satiety . Saturnals , ( lat . ) Feasts dedicated to Saturn , an ancient heathen deity , the son of Coelus and Vesta , who married his sister Ops and cut off the genital members of his father Coelus , and threw them into the Sea , out of the froth of which sprung Venus , from thence called Aphrodite , he sought to devour all his male children , wherefore Ops as soon as she was delivered of Jupiter , and Juno at a birth , she gave him instead of Jupiter a great stone wrapt up in swadling-clouts , which he devoured ; next she brought forth Neptune , whom she concealed , as also Pluto and Glaucus whom she had at a birth ; He was overthrown by his brother Titan who made war against him for the Kingdom , and shut up him and his wife in prison , whence he was delivered by his son Jupiter , against whom also making war himself , he was driven out of his Kingdom , and fled into Italy to Janus whom he taught Husbandry and the use of the Vine . Saturn is also the name of one of the 7 Planets , the slowest in motion and of the melancholiest influence ; also among Chymists it is taken for lead . Satyre ( from Satyrus ) a certain deity of the Wood , much spoken of by ancient Poets , resembling in the upper part of their bodies the shape of a man , in the lower part , of a goat , and being all over hairy , ( from Satyra ) a kind of sharp and invective Poem full of taunting expressions against any person or thing . Satyrical ( lat . ) bitter , invective , taunting , or scoffing . Sauciation , ( lat . ) a wounding . Saucidg● , ( in French Saucisse ) a kind of pudding made of meat chopped very small . Savine , a kind of herb so called , because it was had in great veneration among the Sabines an ancient people of Italy . Saultoir , or Sautoir , ( French ) a term in Heraldry , being a figure resembling St. Andrews crosse . Saunders , a kind of spice or sweet wood , called in Latin Santalum . Saws , ( old word ) sayings . Saxony , a Country of Germany , lying between the Rivers Albis and Rhine , whose inhabitants anciently under the conduct of their Queen Angela vanquisht Brittany and called it England . Saxifrage , ( from the Lat. Saxum i. a stone , and frangere , i. to break ) a kind of herb so called because it breakes the stone in the kidney . S C Scabious , ( lat . ) scabby or mangy . Scabrous , ( lat . ) rough , rugged , unpolished . Scaevity , ( lat . ) left-handednesse , unluckinesse . Scaevola , see Mutius . Scalary , ( lat . ) belonging to a scale or ladder , but in Geometry scale is also taken for a measure proportionable to the draught . Scalion , a kind of Plant otherwise called an Onion , or Chibbol , or young Cive . Scaldis , a river of the Low Countries running by Antwerp , called in Dutch Scheldt . Scallop , ( Span. Chalupe ) a ship-boat , called also a shallop ; also a kind of fish called in Latin Pecten . Scalp , the hairy part of the head , which encompasseth the skull ; it is called in Greek Pericranium . Scalper , or Scalping Iron , ( from the Lat. Scalpere , i. to scrape or scratch ) a Chirurgions Instrument to scrape or cleanse wounds withall . Scamander , see Xanthus . Scammony , a kind of herb otherwise called purging Bindweed . Scandalous , ( lat . ) giving scandal , i. offence , ill example , or occasion of other mens sinning . Scandalum Magnatum , signifieth in Common Law , a wrong done to any of the Nobles of the land , as Prelates , Dukes , Earles , &c. Scanderbeg , a name attributed to George Castriot , the son of John Castriot Prince of Epirus and Albania , who having been brought up by Amurath the second , the Turkish Emperour , at last caused Epirus and Macedonia to revolt and valiantly kept Croia against a mighty power of the Turks , which caused Amurath to die rageing mad . Scandia , or Scandinavia , a great Island in the North Ocean , near ajoyning to the Continent of Russia , it was anciently called Beltia or Basilia . Scapular , ( lat . ) belonging to the shoulders ; whence Scapulary a Monks hood or cowl reaching down to the shoulders . Scar , an old word , signifying a steep rock , whence Scarborow Castle in Yorkshire is denominated , as it were a Burgh upon the Scar or steep Rock . Scarabee , ( lat . ) a kind of fly commonly called a beetle . Scarf , a term in Navigation , when the end of one timber is let into the other very close and even , or as they term it wood and wood . Scarification , ( lat . ) a launcing a sore , or making an incision . Scariole , a kind of herb otherwise called broadleaved endive . Scarpe , a term in Fortification , the slopenesse of the wall ; also in Heraldry it is the resemblance of a scarf worn by Commanders in the field . To Scathe , to hurt , from the Dutch word Schaed , i. damage . Scaturiginous , ( lat . ) overflowing , or running over . Scavage , or Shewage , a kind of toll or custom exacted of Merchants by Mayors or Bailiffs of Towns for wares shewed to be sold within their Precincts which are forbidden by Statute . Scavenger , ( from the Dutch word Scaven , i. to pare away ) an officer that makes clean the streets and pares away the dirt . Scedasus , a certain rich Boeotian whose two daughters Hippone and Milesia were ravished in his absence , and afterwards thrown into a Well and drowned , whereupon he killed himself for grief . Sceleton , ( Greek ) the whole structure of the bones of a mans body , the flesh , veines , and muscles being taken away . Scellum , or Schellum , ( Dutch ) a rogue , villain , or vagabond . Scenical , ( lat . ) belonging to a Scene , i. the changing of persons in every Act of a Comedy or Tragedy ; also the forepart of a Stage or Theater . Scenography , ( lat . ) a term in Perspective , the model or description of a Scene , or any work presented with its shadows . Sceptical , ( Greek ) contemplative , whence Scepticks are a sort of Philosophers who onely consider and contemplate of things without determining any thing . Sceptriferous , ( Latin ) bearing a Scepter . Schediasm , ( Greek ) a sudden invention . Schedule , ( lat . ) a little leaf , bill , or scrowl of paper . Scheme , ( Greek ) the form , or outward draught of any thing . Schirrus , a hard swelling without pain , yet not without sences . Schiph , ( Latin Scapha ) a ship-boat , whence Schipper , or Scipper , a Sea-man , or Mariner . Schisme , ( Greek ) a cleaving , rending , or dividing in two , but more peculiarly a division , or separation in the Church , caused by a dissenting in opinion . Schismatical , inclining to schisme . Scholastick , ( Greek ) belonging to a School , or Schollar . Scholiast , ( Greek ) a Writer of a Scholy , i. a short exposition upon any Author . Sciagraph , ( Greek ) a platform , or description of a house , with the contrivance of every room . Sciater , ( lat . ) a certain instrument made use of for the better designing . out the situation of a Citie . Sciatica , ( lat . ) the Gout in the hip . Science , ( lat . ) knowledge , skill , or learning . Scilcester , a Town in Northumberland , by some thought to have been the same with that , which in old time was called Cilurnum ; here Ethwald , King of the Northumbers was treacherously murthered by Sigga a Noble-man . Scintillation , ( lat . ) a sparkling . Sciolist , ( lat . ) one that maketh much stir with a little knowledge , a smatterer in learning . Sciomanty ▪ ( Greek ) a divining by shadows . Scion , ( from the latin word Scindere . i. to divide ) a grasse , or tender shoot . Scipio , the name of several famous Romans , as Scipio Africanus , the son of Cornelius , he overthrew the Carthaginians in Spain , taking new Carthage , afterwards wa●ting over his Army into Africa , he utterly defeated Hannibal in a mighty battel ; Scipio Aemilianus , the adopted son of Africanus , who demolish't new Carthage , and Numantia in Spain , and was killed by a conspiracy of the Gracchi ; Scipio Nasica , a man very eloquent , skilfull in the Law , and much beloved of the people , by whom he was called Corculum ; Scipio the father in Law of Pompey the Great ▪ first succesfull , afterwards unfortunate in the wars against Caesar. Scire facias , a Writ Judicial , to call a man to shew a cause unto the Court from which it is sent , why execution of a judgement passed should not be made . Sciron , a famous Pirate about Megara , who was slain by Theseus . Scirrous , ( Greek ) belonging to a Schirrus , i. a hard swelling in the body without pain . Scissure , ( lat . ) a cutting , cleaving , or dividing asunder . Scitament , ( lat . ) a pleasant witty passage in discourse . Sclavonia , a Countrey joyning Westward upon the Adriatick Sea , divided into Istria , Carinthia , Croatia , Carnia , and Martia ; Slavonia vulgarly called Windishmark . Scolopender , ( Greek ) a kinde of venemous Worm , by some called an Ear-wig ; also a certain fish , which having swallowed a hook vomited up its entrails , and rid of it , sucketh them in again . Scom , ( Greek ) a mocking , scoffing , or scurrilous jest . Sconse , ( Dutch ) a Term in fortification , a block-house , or chief fortresse , whence Metaphorically it is taken for the head . Scopulous , ( lat . ) Rocky , full of Rocks . Scorbutical , ( lat . ) belonging to the Scorbute , i. a disease called the Scurvy . Scordium , a kinde of Herb , growing plentifully in Cambridgeshire , called in English Water-germander . Scorpion , a kinde of venemous Serpent , also the name of one of the 12 signs of the Zodiack ; also a kinde of warlike Engin. Scot and Lot , a customary contribution laid upon all subjects , according to their ability : Escot signifying in French a Symbole , shot , or reckoning . Sc●tal , where an Officer doth keep an Ale-house without the Forrest , under colour of his Office from Scot and Ale , i. paying the shot for Ale. Scotomy , ( Greek ) a Vertigo , or dizzinesse in the head , which causeth a dimnesse in the eyes . Scovel , see Malkin . Scout , ( in Dutch showt ) an Officer of an Army appointed to discover an Enemies designs . Screation , ( lat . ) a spitting . Screkingham , a Town in Lincolnshire , where Alfrick the second Earle of Leicester was slain by Hubba , a Dane . Scribe , ( lat . ) a Writer , Notary , or Srivener ; also an Expounder of the Law among the Jews . Scriptorian , ( lat . ) belonging to writing , or writers . Scruple , or Scrupulosity , ( lat . ) a doubting , or nicenesse in point of conscience ; also scruple is the third part of a dram , i. seven grains and a half , troy weight . Scrutation , ( lat . ) a searching , or inquiring . Scrutiny , ( lat . ) the same . Sculpture , ( lat . ) a graving , or carving . Scurrility , ( lat . ) offensive jesting , or scoffing . Scut , ( a Term in Hunting ) the tayl of a Hare , or Cony . Scutchion , see Escotchion , also the bud of a Tree cut off for inoculation . Scutiferous , ( lat . ) bearing a sheild , or buckler . Scuttle , a square hole cut through the hatch , or deck of a ship , to go down by into any room . Scyld , ( Saxon ) debt , or default . Scylla , the daughter of Nysus , King of Megara , which being besieged by Minos , King of Creet was betrayed into his hands by Scylla , who falling in love with Minos , cut off her fathers purple lock ( upon which the fate of the Citie depended ) and sent it to him ; but afterwards seeing her self despised , and dying for grief , she was turned into a Partridge , and Nisus into a Hawk ; also the daughter of Phorcus , who falling in love with Glaucus , was envied by Circe , who poisoning the water wherein she used to bath her self , the lower part of her body became altogether like the grinning of Dogs ; whereupon she threw her self headlong down the next praecipice , and was transformed to a Rock over against Charybdis . Scyllas , one so skilfull in diving , that he regained a great quantity of gold and silver , which had been lost in a shipwrack . Scymitar , see Semitar . Scythia , the most Northern Countrey of the world , divided into Europaea and Asiatica ; it was so called from Scythes the son of Hercules by one that was half a woman , and half a viper ; it is at this day called Tartarick . Scytale , ( lat . ) a kinde of secret way of writing ; also a kinde of Serpent , also a field Mouse , called an Ermine , or a shrew . S E Seasnapple , a kinde of Shell-fish , called in Latin Cochlea veneris , i. Venus shell . Seax , a kinde of sword , anciently in use among the Saxons . Sebastocrator , ( Greek ) a great Officer in the ancient Constantinople Empire , from Sebastos , i. Honourable , & Crator , powerfull . Sebastian , a proper name , signifying in Greek reverend , or Majestical . Sebesten , a kinde of Assyria plumb , called in Greek My●aria . Secandunum , the ancient name of a Town in Warwick-shire , now called Seckinton , where Athelbald , King of the Mercians , was in a Civil war slain by Beared , who usurping the Kingdom , was soon after slain himself by Offa. Secant , ( a Term in Geometry ) is a line drawn from the Center through one extream of the given Arch , till it meet with the Tangent raised from the Diameter , at the other extream . Secation , ( lat . ) a cutting . Secession , ( lat . ) a separating ones self , a departing from any side , a revolting . Seclusion , ( lat . ) a shutting forth , a putting out of doors . A Second in surveying , is the tenth part of a prime , and contains one inch , and 49 of 50 parts of an inch . Second deliverance , a Writ that lieth after the return of Cattel replevied , for the repleving of the same Cattel again , by reason of some default in the party that replevied . Secondary , ( lat . ) the second man in any place , he , who is next to any Chief , Officer , as Secondary of the fine Office , &c. Secondine , ( lat . ) the after-birth , or skin wherein an Infant is wrapt , while it is in the womb . Sectary , ( lat . ) one of a Sect , a follower of new opinions in matters of religion . Section , ( lat . ) a cutting , or dividing ; also a certain division in a Chapter . Sector , a Mathematical instrument , consisting of two right lines , containing an Angle at the Center , and of the circumference assumed by them . Secular , ( lat . ) belonging to an age , or the space of an hundred years , whence secular playes were certain Games among the Romans performed every hundred years ; also a secular Priest , one who is conversant in the world , and not tied to a Monastical life . Secundary , see Secondary . Secundation , ( lat . ) a secunding , forwarding , or making prosperous . Securiferous , ( lat . ) bearing a hatchet , or axe . Sedation , ( lat . ) a quieting , or asswaging . Sedentarie , ( lat . ) sitting much , studious , unactive . Sediment , ( lat . ) the dregs , or lees of any thing setling , or sinking down to the bottome . Sedition , ( latin as it were feorsum itio , i. a going apart ) a stirring up to rebellion or discord , a raising a faction , or mutiny . Seduction , ( lat . ) a seducing , or leading out of the right way . Sedulity , ( lat . ) diligence . See , ( old word ) a seat . Seeling , in Navigation , is the sudden tumbling of a ship to one side , or other , when the wave of the Sea is past from under her . Segmentation , ( lat . ) a dividing into Segments , i. small parts , or pieces of any thing . Segnity , ( lat . ) sluggishnesse , or sloth . Segregation , ( lat . ) as it were a setting apart from the flock , a severing , or parting . Sejant , ( French ) sitting upright , a term in Heraldry . Sejanus , a great favorite of Tiberius the Roman Emperour , of whom he was so highly esteemed , that he had the chief management of state affairs , but at last by reason of his pride and ambition he came to a miserable end . Seignorage , ( French ) a prerogative of the King , whereby he challengeth allowance for gold and silver , brought in the Masse to the exchange for Coin. Seignorie , ( French ) dominion , or Jurisdiction ; also a Mannour , or Lordship . Seimours , the sirname of an ancient and honourable family , stiled in Latin Records de Sancto Mauro , in whom continue to this day the titles of Vicount Beauchamp , and Marques of Hertfort . Seisin , in Common-law , is the possession of Lands , or inheritance . Sejunction , ( lat . ) a severing , or putting asunder . Seker , ( old word ) in like manner . Sela , or Selah , an Hebrew word , used in several of Davids Psalms ; being as some think a pause , or resting time in Musick . Sele-graving , a Term in Sculpture , or the art of graving , being that which is done in steel or copper , that which is done in wood , is called graving in ●●at●tich . Selenite , a certain stone wherein there is a white spot , which increaseth and decreaseth , according to the course of the Moon . Seleucus , one of the Captains of Alexander the Great , who after Alexanders death possessed himself of Syria , where he reigned twenty years . Selimus , the ninth Emperour of the Turks , who added Aegypt and Arabia to the Turkish Empire . Selion , a ridge of land lying between two furrows . Sellander , a kinde of disease in a horse . Sellengers , contracted from St. Legers , a sirname of great note and antiquity , stiled in Latin Records de Sancto Leodegaria . Sellarie , ( lat . ) a place where benches , or forms are set . Semblance , ( French ) a likenesse , see●ing , or outward appearance . Semele , the daughter of Cadmus , King of Thebes , who being got with Childe by Jupiter , brought forth Bacchus . Sementation , ( lat . ) a bringing forth seed . Semicircular , ( lat . ) in fashion of a half Circle . Semicolon , a half Colon , or Member , being a point in writing , or printing , thus marked ( ; ) Semidole , ( lat . ) a pipe , or measure , containing half a Tun. Seminary , ( lat . ) a seed-plot , or Nursery of young Plants ; it is also Metaphorically taken for a School , or Colledge , which is a Nursery of learning . Semination , or Sementation , ( lat . ) a sowing , or bringing forth seed . Seminifical , ( lat . ) producing seed for generation . Semipedal , ( lat . ) consisting of half a foot in measure . Semiquadrate , an Aspect consisting of 45 degrees . Semiquintile , an Aspect consisting of 36. degrees . Semiramis , a famous Queen of the Assyrians , the wife first of Maenon praefect of Syria , afterward of Ninus , whom she made away , and succeeded in the Kingdom , she much inlarged the bounds of her Empire , and built a wall of brick about the Citie of Babylon , and as some say , she died in an expedition into India , against Staurobates . Semitar , or Scymitar , a kind of a short Persian sword , being also much in use among the Turks . Sempiternal , ( lat . ) everlasting , perpetual , without end . Semuncial , ( lat . ) belonging to a semunee , i. half an ounce . Senatorian , ( lat . ) belonging to a Senatour , or to a Senate , i. a Supream Council of a Nation , a Parliament . Sendal , ( French ) a kind of Cyprus silk , Greek Sidon . Seneca , a famous Philosopher born in Corduba , a City of Andalusia , a Province of Spain , he caused himself to bleed to death for fear of Nero who was his schollar . Senescal , or Seneschal , ( French ) a Marshall or Steward . Senescent , ( lat . ) growing old , waining . Sengreen , a kind of herb , otherwise called Houseleek , in Latin Sedum , also Sempervivum , i. alwayes green . Senie , the leaf of a medicinable herb which purgeth cholerick and melancholick humours . Seniour , ( lat . ) elder . Sensiferous , ( lat . ) bringing sense or feeling . Sensory , ( lat . ) an organ of the sense . Sensuality , ( lat . ) a pleasing or indulging to the sense , a satisfying the carnal appetite . Sententious , ( lat . ) full of sentences , i. grave or wise sayings . Sentiment , ( French ) sensiblenesse , apprehension , also passion or a tender feeling of the effects of love . Cleopatra . Sentinell , ( French ) a Military Scout or Watchman , from the Latin Sentire , i. to perceive , because he is to perceive and look narrowly into the enemies designs . Senvie , a certain plant called in Latin Sinapis , of whose seed mustard is made . Separation , ( lat . ) a setting apart , a putting asunder ; also when two Planets have been in partile aspect or conjunction , and part from it . Separatory , ( French ) a Chirurgions Instrument wherewith to pick splinters of bones out of a wound . Sepiment , ( lat . ) a fence , pale , or hedge . Seplasiary , ( lat . ) a compounder or seller of sweet ointments ; also a nice effeminate man. Seposition , ( lat . ) a setting apart , a putting asunder . September , so called being the seventh moneth from March. Septempedal , ( lat . ) containing seven foot in measure . Septenary , ( lat . ) the number 7. Septennial , ( lat . ) of seven years space . Septentrional , ( lat . ) belonging to the North. Septimestre , ( lat . ) of seven moneths space Septuagenary , ( lat . ) belonging to the number of 70. Septuagesimal , ( lat . ) the same , also belonging to Septuagesime , Sunday . The Septuagint translation of the Bible , the most original and authentick Translation of it by the 70 Elders of the Jews at the appointment of Ptolomaeus Philadelphus King of Egypt . Septunical , ( lat . ) containing 7 ounces . Sepulchral , ( lat . ) belonging to a Sepulchre or Grave . Sepulture , ( lat . ) a burying , or interring in the ground . Sequele , ( lat . ) a following , a conclusion or consequence of any thing . Sequence , ( lat . ) a following of things in order , one just after another . Sequestration , ( lat . ) a separating a thing in controversie from the possession of both those that contend for it . But it is now commonly taken for a seizing upon the rents of Delinquents estates , for the use of the Common-wealth . Seraglio , ( Ital. ) the Grand Signors Palace at Constantinople . Serain , ( French ) the fresh evening air ; also a mildew or damp vapour . Seraph , a Turkish coin of gold . Seraphical , celestical , bright , divine , like a Seraphim or one of the highest order of Angels . Seraphis , a kind of Serpent anciently worshipt by the Aegyptians . Serenade , ( French ) an evening-song sung by a Lover under his Mistresses window . Serenity , ( lat . ) clearnesse of the skie , fair weather . Serge , a kind of woollen cloth , called in Italian Sargia , in Dutch Rasch . Sergeanty , see Petty Sergeanty , and Grand Sergeanty . Sergreant , a Griffin so termed in Heraldry . Sericated , clothed in silk , which is called in Latin Sericum . Series , ( lat . ) an order , row . Sermocination , ( lat . ) communing , or holding a discourse . Serosity , ( lat . ) the thinner or waterish part of the masse of blood . Serotine , ( lat . ) late , done about the evening time . Serpentary , a kind of herb called vipers-grasse . Serpentine , ( lat , ) belonging to serpents or snakes ; whence Serpentine verses , those that begin and end with the same word . Serpet , a kind of basket . Serred , ( lat . ) sawed , also ( from the French Serre ) compact , joyned close together . Sertorius , a famous Roman Captain who took part with Marius and Cinna , after Scylla , returning from the Mithridatick War , had got possession of Rome , he fled into Spain , and being chosen Captain by the Lusitanians overthrew the Romans in several battles , at last having stoutly defended himself against Pompey , he was slain by Perpenna as he sate at supper . Diana is said to have attended him in all his designs , in the form of a Hart. Servile , ( lat . ) belonging to a servant , slavish ; whence Servitude , slavery or thraldom . Serviteur , ( French ) a serving-man or waiter , also a poor schollar in the University . Seselie , ( Greek ) a kind of plant otherwise called Hartwort . Sesostris , a King of Aegypt , the son of Moeris , he indeavoured to make a navigable River out of the Mediterranean into the Red Sea. Sesquipedal , or Sesquipedalian , ( lat . ) containing a foot and a half in measure . Sesquitertian , ( lat . ) containing a third part over and above another thing . Session , ( lat . ) a sitting ; Sessions are more particularly taken for a quarterly sitting of Justices in Court upon their Commission . Sesterce , ( lat . ) an ancient coin among the Romans containing 4 denarii , which value about a half penny of our money ; the Sesterce was commonly marked with this Character H-S . Sestain , ( French ) a stanza consisting of 6 verses . Sethin , see Sittim . Setigerous , ( lat . ) bearing bristles . Setterwort , a kind of herb so called from settering , i. curing of cattel . Settwall , a kind of herb growing near walls , called also Valerian . Severance , in Common Law , is the singling of two or more that joyne in one Writ . Severians , a kind of Hereticks that condemned Marriage and eating of flesh . Severity , ( lat . ) gravity , strictnesse , sournesse , or austerenesse . Severn , a famous River of England , in Latin Sabrina , so denominated as Geffrey of Monmouth affirmeth from a Virgin so called , who was here drowned by the meanes of her Step-mother Guendolen . Sevocation , ( lat . ) a calling aside , a drawing apart . Sewar , he that cometh before the meat of any great personage , and placeth it upon the table ; also a gutter which carrieth into the Sea or any River . Sewel , a term in Hunting , being a thing set to keep a Deer out of any place . Sexagism Sunday , the Sunday before Shrove-Tuesday . Sexennial , ( lat . ) of six years continuance . Sextant , ( lat . ) a kind of coin of a very small value ; also a weight of two ounces by some called Obolus . Sextary , ( lat . ) an ancient Roman measure , containing in liquid things somewhat more than a pint , in dry things 24 ounces or 2 pound Roman , a pound and a half aver du pois . Sexten , contract from Sacristian , an officer that looks to the Church and keeps the Priests Vestments . Sextile , ( lat . ) the moneth August , being the sixth from March , or an aspect consisting of 60 degrees , thus character'd * . Sextule , ( lat . ) the sixth part of an ounce , also a land-measure . Sextuple , ( lat . ) sixfold , or containing any thing 6 times over . S H Shallop , see Scallop . Shafment , a kind of measure containing an handbreadth . Shaftsbury , a Town in Dorcetshire , so called from the Churches spire-steeple , such as they anciently termed Scheafts , in Latin Septonia . This place is famous for Aquila ( some say a reall Eagle , others a Prophet so called ) who foretold that the Brittish Empire , after the Saxons and the Normans should return again to the ancient Brittains . Shamois , see Chamois . Shamsheer , a kind of sword among the Persians somewhat like a Scymitar . Shapournet , a term in Heraldry , being a resemblance of that kind of hood which in French is called Chaperon . Shash , see Turbant . Shaw , ( Persian ) a King. Sheen , or Shene , ( old word ) bright-shining . To Shend , ( old world ) to blame . Sherbet , a kind of pleasant drink , much in request among the Turks and Persians . Shiloh , ( Heb. ) a Saviour , it is a word used in the Scripture for our Saviour Christ. Shingles , ( from the Latin scinder , i. to cleave ) lath's or slates to cover houses with ; also ( from cingere , i. to gird ) a certain disease which causeth a rednesse in the brest , belly , or back . Shireev , ( Saxon ) a Questor or Prefect of a County or Shire , of whose office and authority see Lord Cooks reports . Shoares , a term in Navigation , pieces of timber set to bear up any other from sinking or falling . Shoud , a certain Magistrate among the Turks . Shrew , a kind of field-mouse which doth great hurt to cattel ; whence the word Shreud , i. leud or curst . Shrewsbury , the chief Town of Shropshire , anciently called Schroesbury , for that it was a Thicket of shrubs upon a Hill ; it is called in the Brittish tongue Ymwithig from Mewithaw , which is as much as Placentia or Plaisance , in regard that for the pleasantnesse of the situation , the Princes of Wales chose it in times past for their chief Seat. Here Edrick Streona Duke of the Mercians lay in wait for Prince Afhelm , and slew him as he rode on hunting . This Town is also commonly called Salop , and in Latin Salopia . Shrift , ( Saxon , from the Latin Scrinium , i. the inward brest ) auricular confession ; whence Shrovetide among the Catholicks is the time of shrivng or confessing of their sins . Shrine , ( lat . Scrinium ) a chest or cabinet ; also the same as Roodloft . S I Sib , ( Saxon ) Kindred ; whence Gossip is commonly used for a Godfather , i. a kin in God. Sibilation , ( lat . ) a hissing . Sicambre , an ancient people of Germany inhabiting on either side the Rhine . Some think them to be the same with those which at this day are called Gueldrois , onely of a larger extent , haply possessing also that part which is called Zutphany . Siccity , ( lat . ) drouth , drynesse . Sicily , an Island in the Mediterrean Sea , so called from Siculus the son of Neptune ; it was of old called Trinacria . Sicle , ( Heb. Shekel ) a weight of Silver or Gold , containing 4 drachms , or 384 grains . Sidelays , ( a term in Hunting ) when the dogs set upon a Deer by the way as he passes . Sidemen , the same as Questmen , see Quest. Siderated , ( lat . ) blasted or planet-struck . Sidereal , or Siderean , ( lat . ) belonging to Stars . Siderite , a Loadstone , from the Greek word Sider●n , i. Iron ; also a kind of plant so called . Sidneys , the sirname of a very honourable Family , whose chief seat is Pensherst in Kent ; they derive themselves from William de Sidney Chamberlain to King Henry the second ; but the flower and chief glory of this Family , was that most accomplisht Gentleman Sir Philip Sidney , who valiantly fighting before Zutphen in Gelderland , lost his life . Sidon , a City of Phoenicia , so called from the plenty of fish which is there , Sidon signifying in the Phoenician tongue , a fish . Sigalion , see Harpocrates . Sigillar , ( lat . ) belonging to a seal or sealing . Sigles , ( lat . ) initial letters which by abbreviation are put for whole words , as S. P. Q. R. Senatus Populusque Romanus . Signature , ( lat . ) a signing , marking , or sealing ; also the resemblance of any Plant or Mineral unto a mans body , or any of the parts thereof . Signiferous , ( lat . ) bearing an Ensign or Standard . Silentiary , ( lat . ) an Usher , one that makes room , or keeps silence . Silerie , see Cilerie . Siliceous , ( lat . ) flinty , full of flint , of a flinty substance . Silures , an ancient name given to the people of South-Wales . Similar , ( lat . ) like , or of the same substance ; whence similar parts of the body , are those which are altogether composed of the same substance . Similitude , ( lat . ) likenesse . Simon , a proper name , signifying in Heb. obedient . Simoniacal , ( lat . ) belonging to Simony , i. a buying or selling Church-livings ; so called from Simon Magus , who would have bought the gift of the Spirit for money of the Apostles . Simonides , a famous Lyrick Poet of Thessaly , of such an exact memory , that when divers men were killed by the fall of a house , and were so disfigured they could not be known , he could exactly tell who every one of them was by the order in which he had observed them to have been placed . Simous , ( lat . ) having a flat nose . Simplist , ( French ) one that understands the nature of Plants and Drugs . Simulacre , ( lat . ) an Image , Picture , or Idol . Simulation , ( lat . ) a faigning , counterfeiting , or making a resemblance of any thing . Simultaneous , ( lat . ) bearing a private grudge or inward malice toward any one . Sincerity , ( lat . ) purenesse , uprightnesse , plain-dealing . Sine , ( lat . ) a Mathematical term used in Astronomy and Surveying , and signifies the angle of meeting between the minute and the degree , it being a right line falling perpendicularly from one extream of the given Arch upon the Diameter drawn to the other extream of the Arch. Singeries , ( French ) apish tricks . Single , a term in Hunting , the taile of a Buck , Roe , or any other Deer . Sinister , ( lat . ) belonging to the left side ; also unlucky , unfortunate ; also unhandsome or dishonest . Sinister aspect , is according to the succession of the Signs . Sinister point , in Heraldry , is the place in an Escutcheon near the left corner of the chief . The Sinister base point , is under it at the lower part of the Escutcheon . Sinon , the son of Sisyphus and grandchild of Autolycus , the thief , he went with Vlisses to the wars of Troy , and betrayed that City to the Grecians by the means of the Trojan Horse . Sinoper , see Cinnabar . Sinople , a kind of red lead , so called from Sinopis a City of Pontus ; it is vulgarly called Ruddle . Sipback , ( Arab. ) the inner rim of the belly , joyned to the cawl , where the entrailes are covered . Si quis , ( lat . i. if any one ) a bill stuck upon a wall or post , to proclaim any thing that is lost . Sirens , certain Sea-deities , three in number , Parthenope , Ligea , and Leucosia , the daughters of Achelous and Calliope , having their upper part like maids , and their lower parts like fishes ; they used by the sweetnesse of their voices to allure Mariners to the rocks and cause them to be cast away : which Vlisses foreseeing , stopt the ears of his associates with soft wax , and caused himself to be bound to the mast of the ship ; whereupon they seeing themselves contemned , cast themselves headlong into the Sea. Sirius , a star in the mouth of that constellation which is called Canicula or the Dog , which toward the latter end of Summer casts forth a vehement and raging heat ; whence the Dog-dayes derive their name . Sirocc● , ( Ital. ) a Southeast wind . Sisamnes , a Judge whom Cambyses caused to be flead for bribery , and his skin to be hung upon the Tribunal . Sisken , or Sirkin , a little bird , other wise called a Finch , in Greek Acanthis or Ligurinus . Sisley , see Cicely . Sisyphus , the son of Aeolus , who was slain by Theseus for his robberies , and is faigned by the Poets to rowl a great stone in Hell up to the top of a mountain , which still falls down again and makes an endlesse labour . Site , or Situation , ( lat . ) the seat or standing of any house or building . Sitient , ( lat . ) thirsting . Sitomagus , the ancient name of a Town in Northfolk , now called Thetf●rt ; this Town was sack't by the Danes , in the year 1004. for the recovery whereof Bishop Arfast removed his Episcopal See from Elmham hither . Sittim , or Sethim , ( Hebr. ) a certain wood growing in Judaea , of which the Ark was made . Sixain , see sestain . Size , a Term used among the Schollars in the University of Cambridge , signifying so much bread , or beer set upon any of their names in the buttery book , as amounts to the value of a farthing . S K Skeg , in Navigation , is that little part of the Keel , which is cut slaunting , and is left a little without the stern post . Skinker , ( Dutch ) a filler of drink , a Cup-bearer , or Butler . Skuppers , the holes close to the decks , through the ships side , whereat the water runs forth of the ship from the decks . S L Slay of a Weavers Loom , a certain instrument , having teeth like a Comb , it comes from Slaegen Dutch , i. to strike . Slego , a County of Ireland in the Province of Connaght . Slockster , ( Dutch ) a plagiary , or one that inticeth away mens servants . Slot , the print of a stags foot , a Term in Hunting . Slough , ( old word ) a Ditch . S M Smalt , a kinde of blue colour used in painting . Smaragd , a precious stone of a green colour , otherwise called an Emerald . Smectymnus , the title of a certain book ; so called from the first letters of those Ministers names that composed it . Smegmatick , ( Greek ) belonging to Soap , of a scouring faculty . Smeth , a certain oyntment to take away hair . Smilas , the name of a fair Virgin , who falling in love with Crocus , and being despised by him pined away , and was turned into a plant of that name , called in English a Kidney-bean . Smired , ( Sax. ) anointed . Smoterlich , ( old word ) snout-fair . Smyrna , a Citie of Ionia , watered by the River Milete , built as some think by Smyrna the Amazonian , who possessed Ephesus in this Citie most conclude Homer was born . S N Snakeweed , a kinde of plant , otherwise called Adderswort . Snapdragon , a plant called in Latin Antirrinum ; also a kinde of Hobgoblin . Snaphaunce , a Firelock , a kinde of Gun that strikes fire without a match . Snette , ( a Term in Hunting ) the fat of all sorts of Deer . S O Soccage , a certain Tenure of Lands by inferiour husbandry services , from the French Soc , i. a Plough-share . Sociality , ( lat . ) fellowship , company . Socinians , a certain Sect that deny the Divinity of Christ , first spred by Faustus Socinus of Siena . Socome , a Term in Common-law , signifying a custome of grinding at the Lords Mill. Socord , ( lat . ) sluggish , idle , slothfull . Socrates , a famous Athenian Philosopher , the son of Sophronius a statuary and Phanareta a Midwife , he was approved by the Oracle the wisest of men , at length being condemned to death by the Magistracy , he had a Hemlock potion given him to drink , which he took with much constancy and patience . Sodality , ( lat . ) fellowship , brotherhood or society . Sodomitical , ( lat . ) belonging to Sodomy , i. buggery , or unnatural lust . Sokmans , those Tenants that hold by Soc●age Tenure . Solace , ( lat . ) comfort , or delight . Solar , ( lat . ) belonging to Sol , i. one of the seven Planets , Apollo , or the Sun. Solarie , ( lat . ) a yearly pension paid to the Prince to live free from publick businesse ; also a yearly rent paid for a house from Solum , i. the ground , or floor . Soldures , among the old Gauls , were such as vowed friendship to any , and to take part with them in their good , or bad fortunes . Soleated , ( lat . ) shod , having on shooes , or sandals . Solegrove , an old name for the moneth of February . Solemnity , a Pomp , or Ceremony performed yearly , from the Latin Solum , i. alone , and annus , i. a year . Solicitation , ( lat . ) a moving to do a thing . Solicitude , ( lat . ) care , anguish of mind . Solidation , ( lat . ) a making firm , or solid . Solifidian , one that depends upon faith alone without works . Solifuge , ( lat . ) a certain venemous animal , found chiefly in the silver Mines of Sardinia . Soliloquy , ( lat . ) a talking , or discoursing with ones self alone . Solitude , ( lat . ) lonelynesse , privatenesse . Solivagant , ( lat . ) wandring alone . Sollar , ( lat . ) an upper roof of a house , the story next the tiles . Soloecisme , ( Greek ) a speaking contrary to the rules of Grammar , from Soli , a barbarous people of Pamphilia . Solon , one of the seven wise-men of Greece , he made excellent Laws for the government of Athens , and abolished those of Draco ; afterwards he flying his Countrey , went first into Aegypt , next to Cyprus : Lastly to Craesus of Lydia , see Craesus . Sol●titial , ( lat . ) belonging to the Solstice , or Sunstead , ● . the time when the Sun being in Capricorn , the dayes & nights are at the longest , which is about the midst of June . Solve , ( lat . ) to loosen , or undo , whence Solution a loosning , or undoing ; also a resolving a doubt . A Sommer , vide a Summer . Somniferous , ( lat . ) bringing , or causing sleep . Sonorous , ( lat . ) sounding , or making a loud noise . Sontage , a Tax of fourty shillings laid upon every Knights fee. Sontick , ( lat . ) hurtfull , or noysome . Sophia , a proper name of a woman , signifying in Greek wisdom . Sophisme , ( Greek ) a cunning evading Argument , or Oration ; whence Sophister , a suttle caviller in words . Sophistication , ( lat . ) a falsifying , counterfeiting , or adulterating . Sophronia , ( Greek ) prudent and temperate , a Christian name of several women . Sophy , ( Arab. Tzaophi , i. pure and holy ) the Monarch of Persia is so called . Sopition , ( lat . ) a laying to sleep . Soporation , ( lat . ) the same . Soporiferous , ( lat . ) bringing sleep . Sorb , ( lat . ) a kinde of fruit , called a Service . Sorbition , ( lat . ) a supping . Sorbonists , the Divines of a Colledge in Paris , called the Sorbone , from one Robert de Surbonne , who was the founder of it . Sorcory , or Sorcelery , ( French ) a kinde of witchcraft , or inchantment , perhaps der●ved from the Lat●n Sortilegium . Sordet , or Sordine , ( French ) a pipe put into the mouth of a Trumpet , to make it sound lower . Sordid , ( lat . ) foul , filthy , sluttish ; also base , or dishonest . A Sore , or Sore-el , a Male fallow Deer of three year old . A Sorel colour , a kinde of a brownish , dun , or dark red . Sorites , ( Greek ) a kind of a Syllogism , consisting of divers propositions heaped together . S●rorcation , ( lat . ) a swelling , or becoming round , and embossed like a young Virgin 's breasts . Sorority , ( lat . ) sisterhood . Sortilegie , ( lat . ) a divination by lots . Sortition , ( lat . ) a casting of lots . Sospitation , ( lat . ) a keeping safe and in health , a preserving from danger . Sote , ( old word ) sweet . Sothale , a kinde of intertainment made by Bayliffs to those of their hundred for their gain ; it is also called Filctale . Sothernwood , a kinde of plant , called in Latin Abrotonum . Sothfast , ( Sax. ) true , faithfull . So●lack , a great Officer among the Turks . Sour●e , ( French ) a spring-head ; also a rise , or beginning of any thing from the Latin word Surgere to arise . Sourd , ( lat . ) deaf . Sourdet , see Sordet . Sous , a kinde of French Coin , valuing about a penny . Southhampton , or South-Anton , the chief Citie of Hantshire , so called as being situate on the South-side of the River Test , named in times past Anton ; some think it to be the same with that Town , which Antonine calleth Clausentum , from the Brittish Cladh-Henton , i. the Haven of Henton ▪ in the wars between King Edward the third , and Philip Valoise , it was burnt to the ground by the French , out of the ashes whereof immediately sprung up the Town which is now in being . Sown , a word proper to the Exchequer , signifying as much as to be leviable , or possible to be gathered . Sownder , a term used by Hunters for a company of wild Bores , as a herd for Deer . S P Spade , ( lat . ) gelded . Spadiceous , ( lat . ) of a bright bay colour , from Spadix the branch of a Date-tree . Spagyrical , ( lat . ) belonging to chymical operations . Spahy , ( Persian Espawhee ) a Turkish Horseman compleatly armed . Spaid , a term used by Hunters , a red male Deer of three years old . Sparsion , ( lat . ) a sprinkling . Sparta , a famous City of Peloponnessus , built by Spartus the son of Phoroneus , or as some say , by Sparta the daughter of Eurotas ; it is otherwise called Lacedaemon . Spartacus , a Thracian gladiatour or swordplayer , who with Chrysus and Oenomaus , broke out of Capua , got together an Army of slaves , and overthrew Clodius , Glaber , Lentulus , and Cassius ; thereby making himself very formidable to the Romans ; at last he was put to flight by Cr●ssus , but afterwards making head again , was vanquisht and slain . Spasmatical , ( Greek ) troubled with a Spasm , i. a cramp or shrinking in of the sinews . Spathule , or Spat , ( lat . ) an instrument wherewith Chirurgians spread their plaisters ; it is also called a splatter or slice . Spatiation , ( lat . ) a walking at length , or in a large compasse . Species , ( lat . ) a different kind or form of any thing ; in Logick it is reckoned one of the 5 Predicables . Specifical , ( lat . ) special , distinguishing the species or kind . Specification , ( lat . ) a signifying , declaring , or manifesting . Specious , ( lat . ) beautiful to the sight , fair to behold . Spectacle , ( lat . ) a publick or solemn shew . Spectatour , ( lat . ) a beholder , or looker on . Spectre , ( lat . ) a frightful apparition , a vision , ghost , or spirit . Speculation , ( lat . ) a spying or watching , also a contemplating or considering . Spel , ( Sax. ) a word or saying ; also vulgarly used for a charm . Spelt , a kind of corn growing in some parts of the World , called in Latin Zea. Sperage , a kind of plant called in Latin Asparagus . Spermatical , ( Greek ) belonging to sperm , i. the natural seed of any living creature . Sperma Ceti , see Parmaceti . Speustick , ( Greek ) done or made up in haste . Sphacelism , ( Greek ) a kind of ulcer or dangerous inflammation . Sphaerical , ( lat . ) belonging to a sphere , i. a round globous figure , commonly taken for the round compasse of the Heaven . Sphaeromachy , ( Greek ) a playing at bowls or tennis . Sphinx , the name of a certain Monster that kept anciently near Thebes , proposing a riddle to all passengers that came that way , and none being able to unfold it , she destroyed them all : at last Oedipus coming that way and expounding it , she threw her self headlong down a rock for grief . Spiciferous , ( lat . ) bearing eares of corn . Spicilegy , ( lat . ) a gleaning , a gathering eares of corn . Spigurnells , a word now out of use , anciently the sealers of the Kings Writs were known by that term , which office together with the Sergeancy of the Kings Chappel , John de Bohun , the son of Franco resigned unto King Edward the first . Spinal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Spine , i. a thorn , prickle , or sting ; also the back-bone . Spinosity , ( lat . ) a being full of spines or thorns . Spinster , a Law term , being appropriated to unmarried women in all deeds , bonds , and evidences . Spintrian , ( lat . ) inventing new actions of lust . Spiracle , ( lat . ) a breathing-hole , a place through which smoak may have a vent . Spiral , ( lat . ) belonging to a pyramid or spire-steeple . Spiration , ( lat . ) a breathing or exhaling . Spiritualities , the profits which a Bishop receiveth from his spiritual living . Spissitude , ( lat . ) thicknesse or grossenesse . Spitter , see Brocket or Pricket . A Spittle-house , ( Ital. Spedale ) see Hospital . Spleget , the same as Pleget . Splendid , ( lat . ) bright , cleer , shining , glorious . Splenetick , ( lat . ) troubled with a disease or ill humours in the spleen or milt , i. a Bowel in the left side under the midrife , over against the liver . Spoliation , ( lat . ) a robbing or spoiling ; also a Writ that lieth for one incumbent against another , when the right of patronage cometh not in debate . Spondee , ( Greek ) a foot in a verse , consisting of two long syllables . Spondyles , ( Greek ) the vertebres or turning joynts of the back-bone . Spongious , ( lat . ) full of holes like a sponge , which is a kind of plant-animal growing under the sea-rocks . Sponsal , or Sponsalitious , ( lat . ) belonging to a spouse . Sp●nsion , ( lat . ) a bargain or promise ; but more especially relating to Marriage . Spontane , ( lat . ) done willingly , unconstrained , or of ones own accord . Sporades , certain Islands that lie scattered up and down in the Carpathian Sea. Spraints , a term among Hunters , the dung of an Otter . Spray , ( old word ) a bou●h or sprig . Spretion , ( lat . ) a contemning , despising , or scorning . Spr●ghts , a sort of short or flight arrows . Spring-tides , see Neap-tides . Springal , ( Dutch ) a stripling or young-man . Spume , ( lat . ) foam , froth , or scum . † Spurcidical , ( lat . ) speaking filthily or uncleanly . Spurious , ( lat . ) baseborn ; also counterfeit . Spurkets , a term in Navigation , the spaces between the futtocks by the ship sides fore and aft , above and below . S Q Squadron , ( French ) a certain number of souldiers formed into a square body Squalid , ( lat . ) unclean , sluttish , ill-favoured . Squamigerous , ( lat . ) bearing scales scaly . Squill , ( lat . ) a kind of plant otherwise called the Sea-onion . Squinancy , or Squincy , a kind of disease which causeth a swelling in the throat , called in Latin Angina . Squinanth , ( lat . ) a kind of plant otherwise called the Sweet-rush . S T Stability , ( lat . ) stablenesse , firmnesse , surenesse . Stabulation , ( lat . ) a standing of cattel in a stable or stall . Stade , ( lat . ) a furlong , or the eighth part of an Italian mile , which consisteth of a thousand paces . Stafford , the chief Town of Staffordshire , called in ancient times Betheny , where Berteline , a holy man led an Eremites life ; it hath a Castle on the south bank of the River built in the year 914 by King Edw. the Elder . Staggard , ( a term in Hunting ) a red male Deer of 4 years old . Stagira , a Town in Macedonia , where Aristotle was born ; whence that Philosopher is called the Stagirite . Stainand colours , in Heraldry , are tawney and murrey . Stallage , ( French ) in Common Law , signifieth money paid for setting of stalls in Markets or Faires . Stallion , ( Ital. ) a horse kept for mares . Standard , ( French ) the chief Ensign of an Army , belonging to the King or General ; also the standing measure of the King or State , to which all other measures are framed . Stanford , in Saxon Steanford , a Town in Lincolnshire , situate upon the River Welland ; it is so called as being built of rough stone , Stean signifying in the Saxon tongue a stone . In this Town , under the reign of King Edward the third , an University was instituted , and publick profession of Arts began to flourish ; but this Academy continued not long , it being soon after provided by oath , that no Student in Oxford should publickly professe at Stanford to the prejudice of Oxford . There is also another Stanford situate upon the River Avon in Northamptonshire . The Stannaries , ( lat . ) the Mines or Tin-works in Cornwall . See Lodework . Stanza , ( Ital. ) a certain number of verses commonly called a staffe , at the ending of which the stroph is concluded . Staple , a City or Town where the Merchants by common order carry their commodities , for the better utterance of them by the great . Staple-Inne , see Inne . Star-chamber , ( so called from a Chamber in Westminster beautified with Stars , wherein this Court was first kept ) a Court consisting of the members of the Kings Council , wherein are controverted all matters in which appeal is made from subjects to their Prince . Start , applied to a Hare , when you force her to leave her seat or form ; for then you are said to start a Hare . Starrulet , ( diminutive ) a little Star. Stasiarch , ( Greek ) a Captain or chief Ringleader in any tumult or sedition . Stater , ( Greek ) a certain ancient coin , valuing about two shillings in silver , seventeen shillings in gold . Staticks , ( Greek ) a mechanick Art , treating about weights and measures . Station , ( lat . ) a standing-place ; also a bay or rode for ships . Station-staff , an instrument used in Surveying , being a streight pole divided into feet , inches , and parts of inches , from the bottom upward . Stationary , is when a Planet stands still and moves neither backward nor foreward . Statuary , ( lat . ) a Graver of Statues or Images . Statumination , ( lat . ) an underpropping or setting up . Statute , ( lat . ) signifieth in Common Law , a Decree or Act of Parliament . Statute Merchant , and Statute Staple , are certain bonds made between Creditor and Debtor , in the form of a Statute , and acknowledged before the Mayor and chief Warden of any City , and two Merchants assigned for that purpose . Statute Sessions , are certain petty Sessions or Meetings in every hundred . Stec●ado , ( Span. ) the lists , a place rail'd in for the beholding of any famous Combat . Stede , ( old word ) place . Stedship , ( old word ) firmnesse or surenesse . To Steer , in Navigation , is to govern the ship with the helm ; also by metaphor to govern or manage any affair . Stellar , ( lat . ) belonging to a star . Stellation , ( lat . ) a blasting . Stelliferous , ( lat . ) starry , bearing stars . Stellion , ( lat . ) a little beast , so called from certain little spots upon its skin , almost in the fashion of stars . Stellionate , ( lat . ) deceit , cousenage , counterfeiting any kinde of merchandize . Stemme , ( Greek ) the stalk of any herb or flower ; also a stock , linage or pedigree . Stenography , ( Greek ) the Art of short-writing . Stentorian voice , a roaring loud voice , from Stentor a Greek , whose voice was as loud as 50 mens voices together . Stephen , the proper name of a man , signifying in Greek a Crown . Stercoration , ( lat . ) a dunging or covering with dung . Sterility , ( lat . ) barrennesse . Sterling , see Easterling . Stern , the aftermost part of a ship ; also among Hunters the taile of a Greyhound is so called , as also the taile of a Woolf. Sternutation , ( lat . ) a sneezing . Sterquilinious , ( lat . ) belonging to a dunghil . Stesimbrotus , the son of Epaminondas , a famous Theban Captain , he was put to death by his father for fighting against the enemy contrary to his command . Stews , ( from the French word Estuve , a Hot-house ) brothel houses or places where women prostitute their bodies for gain . Sthenelus , a famous Captain in the wars of Troy , the son of Capaneus and Euadne . Sthenobaea , the daughter of Jobatas King of the Lycians , and the wife of Praetus King of the Corinthians , who receiving a repulse from Belleroph●n , complained to her husband , as if he would have offered violence unto her . Stibium , a kind of Mineral whereof there is great plenty in Darbyshire Mines ; it is commonly called Antimony . To Stigmatize , ( Greek ) to brand , or mark with a hot Iron . Stilletto , or Steletto , ( Ital. ) a sharp pointed Dagger , or Ponyard . Stillatory , ( lat . ) dropping , or distilling ; also a place to put a Still , or Limbeck in . Stillicide , ( lat . ) a dropping from the eves of a house . Stillyard , a place in London , where in old time the Merchants of Haunse and Almain used to reside ; it is so called as it were Steel-yard , because Steel used to be sold there . Stimulation , ( lat . ) a provoking , moving , or stirring up . Stipation , ( lat . ) a guarding , or invironing about . Stipendial , or Stipendiary , ( lat . ) serving for wages , or hire , paying tribute . Stipone , a kinde of sweet compounded drink used in hot weather . Stiptical , ( Greek ) stopping , or binding a word , used in Physick . Stipulation , ( lat . ) a solemne Covenant made by ordinary words in the Law. Stiricide , ( lat . ) a dropping of Isicles from the eves of a house . Stirling , a County in the Southpart of Scotland . Stoaked , a Term in Navigation , when the water cannot come to the Well , by reason that ballast , or something else is got into the limber holes . Stoccado , ( Span. ) a prick , stab , or thrust with a weapon . Stoical , ( Greek ) belonging to , or of the humour of the stoicks , i. a certain Sect of Philosophers at Athens , they were so called from Stoa , i. a Porch , because Zeno their first founder taught in a Porch of the Citie . Stoke , a Village in Nottinghamshire , where Sir John de la Pool , Earle of Lincoln pretending a title to the Crown of England , was overthrown in a great pitched battel , and slain . Stole , ( Greek ) a long Robe , or Garment of honour , among the ancient Romans it is now more especially taken for a Priestly Ornament . Stolidity , ( lat . ) foolishnesse , fondnesse , dulnesse , blockishnesse . Stomachous , ( lat . ) angry , disdainfull . Stomatick , ( Greek ) having a sore mouth . Stone of Wool , see Sarplar . Stonefaulcon , a kind of Hawk that builds her Nest in Rocks . Stonehenge , a wonderfull Pile of stones upon Salisbury plain , erected within the Circuit of a Ditch , in manner of a Crown in three ranks , one within another , whereof some are 28 foot high , and seven foot broad , upon the heads of which others lie overthwart with Mortises ; so as the whole frame seemeth to hang ; it is termed by the old Historians Chorea Gigantum , i. the Gyants dance . Stooming of Wine , a putting baggs of herbs , or other infusions into it . Stork , a kinde of bird , so called from the Greek word Storge , i. natural affection , because of the care which is observed in these kinde of birds toward their Parents , when they grow old . To Stow , a Term in Navigation , to put any victuals , or goods in order in the hold of a ship . Stounds , ( old word ) sorrows , dumps . Stours , ( old word ) shocks , or bronts . Strabisme , ( Greek ) a looking a squint . Strage , ( lat . ) a felling of Trees , a great ruine , or fall of any thing ; also a great slaughter in an Army . The Strake of a wheel , the Iron wherewith the Cartwheel is bound . Straineth , a Term in Faulconry they say , the Hawk straineth , and not snatcheth . Strangurie , ( Greek ) a certain disease , wherein the Urine is voided drop by drop , and with great pain ; it is vulgarly called the Strangullion . Strappado , ( Ital. ) a certain kinde of punishment inflicted on Souldiers for some hainous offence , by drawing them up on high with their arms tied backward . Stratagem , ( Greek ) a policy , or subtle invention in war. Strath , an old Brittish word , signifying a Vale , or Dale , whence are derived the names of several places , as Strathdee , i. the Vale of Dee , Strathearn , the Vale of Earn . Stratiotick , ( Greek ) belonging to Souldiers , warlike . A Streight , a narrow passage at Sea , between two Lands . Stremeworks , see Lodeworks . Strenuous , ( lat . ) stout , valiant , hardy . Streperous , ( lat . ) jarring , making a noise . Stricture , ( lat . ) a gathering , or cropping of fruit ; also a spark that flies from red hot Iron . Strident , or Stridulous , ( lat . ) making a creaking noise . Strigilation , ( lat . ) a currying of a Horse . Strigment , ( lat . ) the filth , which is wiped off from the body , or any part of it . To Strike sayl , a Term in Navigation , to pull down the sayls , in token of respect to another ship . Stromatick , ( Gr. ) belonging to strewings , or any thing that is spread upon the ground . Strond , or Strand , a shore , or street lying upon the Sea , or River side . Structure , ( lat . ) a building , frame , or Fabrick of any thing . Strumatick , ( lat . ) troubled with a Strume , i. an Impostume , or swelling in the neck . Studious , ( lat . ) seriously bent upon a thing , musing , or meditating , intent upon books , or study , whence formerly Academies were called Studia , i. studies , as the study of Oxford , &c. Stultiloquy , ( lat . ) a speaking , or talking foolishly . Stupefaction , ( lat . ) a making stupid , i. dull , sencelesse , astonished , or dismaid . Stupration ▪ ( lat . ) a committing a rape , a deflowring a Virgin. Stygian , ( lat . ) belonging to the River Styx , i. a Fountain near Nonacris in Arcaedia , whose waters are of a nature so vehemently cold , that nothing but the hoo● of a Mule is able to contain them ; the Poets fained it to be a River of Hell , and that the most solemne Oath , which the gods swore by , was by the waters of Styx . Stylo Novo , the new computation of time , according to the Gregorian account , as Stylo veteri is the computation , according to the Julian account . Styptick , or Styptical , ( lat . ) of a stopping , or binding quality . S U Suada , a certain goddesse among the Romans called the goddesse of eloquence , as Pitho was among the Greeks . Suasory , ( lat . ) apt to perswade , or exhort . Suaviation , ( lat . ) an amorous kissing . Suaviloquy , ( lat . ) a sweet , or pleasant manner of speaking . Suavity , ( lat . ) sweetnesse . Subaction , ( lat . ) a bringing under , or subduing ; also a kneading . Subagitation , ( lat . ) a driving to and fro ; also a solliciting , also a knowing a woman carnally . Subalbid , ( lat . ) whitish , inclining to white . Subaltern , ( lat . ) taking turns under another . Subaudition , ( lat . ) a hearing a little , a perceiving somewhat . Subclavicular Vein , see Vein . Subcutaneous , ( lat . ) being under the skin . Subdial , ( lat . ) being under the sky , or in the open aire . Subdititious , ( lat . ) put under , or laid in the room of another . Subdolous , ( lat . ) somewhat crafty , or deceitfull . Subduction , ( lat . ) a bringing , or leading under ; also a leading away , or withdrawing . Subject , ( lat . ) cast , or brought under ; also in Logick , it is taken substantively for ▪ that substantial body , to which any quality adheres ; also the matter which any art , or science treats of . Subingression , ( lat . ) a subtile , or undiscerned entring into . Subitaneous , ( lat . ) done suddenly , or hastily . Subjugaetion , ( lat . ) a bringing under the yoke , a subduing . Subjunctive , ( lat . ) joyning under . Subhastation , ( lat . ) an ancient manner of selling things among the Romans , which were confiscate to the publick use , namely under a Spear , or Javelin . Sublation , ( lat . ) a taking away . Subl●vation , ( lat . ) a lifting up ; also a helping , or easing . Subligation , ( lat . ) a binding , or tying underneath . Sublimation , ( lat . ) a raising , or carrying up on high ; also a Chymical operation wherein dry exhalations ascending upward , stick to the sides of the Alembick . Sublimity , ( lat . ) heighth . Sublition , ( lat . ) a plaistering , or daubing underneath , in painting it is the grasing , or laying the ground colour under the perfect colour . Submersion , ( lat . ) a plunging under water . Submission , ( lat . ) a sending under ; also a submitting , yielding , or humbling ones self . Subordinate , ( lat . ) placed , or appointed under another . Suborn , ( lat . ) to prepare , instruct , or set any one on upon the bearing false witnesse , or any other mischievous design . Subpedaneous , ( lat . ) set under foot , used as a footstool . Subpaena , a Writ to call a man into the Chancery , upon such case onely as the Common-law faileth in ; also a Writ for the calling in of witnesses to testifie . Subreptitious , ( lat . ) see Surreptitious . Subrision , ( lat . ) a smiling . Subrogation , ( lat . ) see Surrogation . Subsannation , ( lat . ) a mocking , jeering , or scoffing . Subscription , ( lat . ) a writing underneath , a setting ones name at the bottom of a Letter , Bond , or Indenture . Subsidence , ( lat . ) a setling to the bottome . Subsidiary , ( lat . ) sent to the aid , succour , or assistence of any one . Subsidie , a Tax , or Tribute assessed by Parliament , after the rate of four shillings in the pound for Lands , and two shillings 8● . for goods . Subsortition , ( lat . ) a choosing by lot , after others have chosen . Substitution , ( lat . ) a putting in the place or room of another . Substracti●n , ( lat . ) a drawing a lesser , number out of a greater . Substruction , ( lat . ) a Term in Architecture , an underbuilding , a laying the foundation of an Aedifice . Subsultation , ( lat . ) a leaping under . Subterfluous , ( lat . ) flowing under . Subterfuge , ( lat . ) an evasion , or cunning shift ; also a safe retreat , or refuge . Subterraneous , ( latin ) being under ground . Subtiltie , ( lat . ) craft , cunning , whence subtilties , quirks , or witty sayings . Subventaneous , ( lat . ) lying under the winde . Subversion , ( lat . ) an overturning , or overthrowing . Suburbian , ( lat . ) belonging to the Suburbs of a Town , or Citie . Succedaneous , ( lat . ) succeeding , or coming in the room of another . Succedent houses , second , fifth , ninth , eleventh . Succentour , ( lat . ) vulgarly Sincantour , see Incentour . Succenturiation , ( lat . ) a Term in War , a recruiting a filling up the number of Souldiers wanting in any Company , or Troup . Succernation , ( lat . ) a bolting , or sifting of Meal . Succiduous , ( lat . ) tottering , ready to fall . Succinct , ( lat . ) fenced , or girt about ; also brief , or short . Succinous , ( lat . ) belonging to Succinum , i. Amber . Succollation , ( lat . ) a bearing on the shoulders . Succubus , ( lat . ) see Incubus . Succulent , ( lat . ) juicy , full of juice . Succussation , or Succussion , ( lat . ) a violent jolting , or shaking . Suction , ( lat . ) a sucking . Sudation , ( lat . ) a sweating , whence sudatory , a stew , or hot-house . Sudorifick , ( lat . ) bringing , or causing sweat . Suecia , a Kingdom of Europe , lying on the North of Germany , anciently inhabited by the Goths , the chief Citie of which is called Stockholm . Suffarraneous , or Subfarraneous , ( lat . ) being under another servant ; it being an ancient custome among the Romans , that the chief servant took his portion of Corn from the master , the under servant from him . Suffection , ( lat . ) a putting under , or in the room of another . Suffition , ( lat . ) a perfuming by casting perfumes upon hot Coales . Sufflamination , ( lat . ) a stopping the wheels of a Coach , or Cart , with an Instrument called a Sufflamen , or Trigger . Suffl●tion , ( lat . ) a puffing up , a making to swell with blowing . S●ffocation , ( lat . ) a choaking , stifeling , or stopping up of the breath . Suffossion , ( lat . ) an undermining , or digging under . Suffragation , ( lat . ) a giving suffrage , i. ones vote or voice in favour of any person or design . A Suffragan , is one who hath a voice in Ecclesiasticall causes , and executes the office of a Bishop , but hath not the title . Suffumigation , ( lat . ) a fuming or smoaking underneath ; in Physick it is taken for a conveying a fume into the body from under a close-stoole . Suffusion , ( lat . ) a pouring or spreading abroad ; also a disease in the eye called a pin and web . Suggestion , ( lat . ) a prompting or putting into ones mind . Sugillation , ( lat . ) a beating black and blew ; allo a reproaching or slandering . Suhit , see Gazul . Sulcation , ( lat . ) a making furrows . Sulphureous , ( lat . ) full of sulphur or brimstone . Sultan , or Soldan , among the Turks is taken for a King or Prince . Sultana , or Sultanin , a kind of Turkish coin of Gold , valuing about seven shillings six pence . Sumach , or Sumack , a kind of rank-smelling plant with a black berry wherewith Curriers use to dresse their cloth . Sumage , ( from the French word Somme , i. a burden , or seam , which in the Western parts signifieth a horse-load ) a toll for carriage on horseback . Summary , ( lat . ) a briefe gathering together of the whole matter in few words . A Summer , in Architecture , is a great piece of timber or beam which supporteth the building . Summity , ( lat . ) the highest part , or top of any thing . Superable , ( lat . ) to be overcome or vanquisht . Sumpter horse , a horse that undergoes the burthen of things convenient for a journey , from the Latin Sumptus , charges or expences . Superaffusion , ( lat . ) a shedding upon , a pouring on the top . Superannuation , ( Ital. ) an out-living , or growing out of date . Superbiloquent , ( lat . ) speaking proudly or haughtily . Superchery , ( lat . ) wrong , injury , an outragious assaulting . Supercilous , ( lat . ) having great eye-brows ; also of a sour countenance , severe in carriage . Supereminence , ( lat . ) excellent , or authority above others . Supererogation , ( lat . ) a performing more good works than a man is bound to do ▪ a term in Theology . Superfaetation , ( lat . ) a second conceiving before the first young is brought forth , a breeding of young upon young , as Hares and Conies do . Superficiary , ( lat . ) he that builds a house upon another mans ground , and payes quit-rent . Superficies , ( lat . ) the surface or uttermost part of any thing . In Geometry it is defined to be a magnitude consisting of lines having onely length and breadth without profundity . Superfluity , ( lat . ) excesse , an over-abounding , more than enough . Superjection , ( lat . ) a casting upon . To Superinduce , ( lat . ) to bring or draw one thing over another . Superintendent , ( lat . ) an Overseer . Superiority , ( lat . ) a being Superiour , i. higher , set above or over others . Superiour Planets , those that are above the Sun. ♄ ♃ ☉ ● . Suparlative , ( lat . ) highest advanc't ; in Grammar Suparlative degree is the highest degree of comparison . Supermeation , ( lat . ) a flowing or passing over . Supernal , ( lat . ) coming from above . Supernatation , ( lat . ) a swimming over , or upon . Supernatural , ( lat . ) being above nature or natural cause . Superscription , ( lat . ) a writting over or on the out side of any thing . To Supersede , ( lat . ) to omit ▪ to leave off , to let passe . Supersedeas , a Writ signifying a command to stay the doing of that which in appearance of Law were to be done . Superstition , ( lat . ) over-scrupulousnesse in Religion , over much ceremony in divine worship . Supervacaneous , ( lat . ) more than , just , or , serveth for common use , needless , vain , unnecessary . To Supervene , ( lat . ) to come upon on a sudden or unexpected . To Supervive , see Survive . Supine , ( lat . ) lying with the face upward ; also negligent or carelesse . Suppedaneous , ( lat . ) see Subpedaneous . Suppeditation , ( lat . ) a supplying , ministering , or affording what is needful . Suppilation , ( lat . ) a pilfring , or stealing underhand . To supplant , ( lat . ) to plant or set under , also to deceive or beguile . Supplement , ( lat . ) a supplying the which is defective , a filling up a place that is vacant or empty . A Suppliant , ( French ) a petitioner or humble suiter . Supplication , ( lat . ) a petitioning or making an humble request . Supplice , ( lat . ) punishment or corre●ion . Supplosion , ( lat . ) a making a noise by stamping with the feet . Supposititious , ( lat . ) laid in the place or room of another . Suppository , ( lat . ) put under ; also in Physick it is used substantively for any solid composition put up into the body to make it soluble . To Suppresse , ( lat . ) to presse under , to stifle or keep down . Suppuration , ( lat . ) a ripening of a bile or imposthume , a gathering or resolving into matter . Supputation , ( lat . ) a pruning of trees ; also a counting or casting up . Supremacy , ( lat . ) a being Supreme , i. highest in power and authority . Surannation , ( lat . ) the same as Superannuation . A Surbating , ( French ) a beating or galling on the soles of ones feet . To Surcease , ( French ) to give over . Surcharge , ( French ) charge upon charge , or load upon load . A Surcharger of the Forrest , he that commons with more beasts than a man hath right to common withal . A Surcingle , ( French ) an upper girth or girdle . Su●rc●at , ( French ) a coat of Armes to wear over armour . Surcrew , ( French ) an over-growing ; also advantage , amends , over-measure . Surculation , ( lat . ) a pruning of trees , a cutting off Surcles , i. young graffs , shoots , or sprigs . Surdity , ( lat . ) deafness● . Surge , a wave , from the Latin Surgere , i. to rise . Sureby , a Port Town in Yorkshire , which some think to be the same with that ancient Town called by Antonine 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Gabrantovicorum , and by the Latins Sinus port●osus & salutaris , each of these names implying as much as , sure or safe Haven . Surface , ( French ) the same as Superficies . Surkney , a kind of white garment like a rotchet . To Surmo●●● , ( French ) to excell , 〈◊〉 overcome . To Surpasse , ( French ) the same . Suria , the name of a certain goddesse to whom an altar was anciently erected at Melkrig in Northumberland by Licinius Clemens a Captain under Calphurnus Agricola , Lieutenant to Augustus . Surplusage , ( French ) signifieth in Common Law , a superfluity or addition more than needeth , which is a cause sometimes that the Writ abateth . Surprizal , ( French ) a sudden assaulting or setting upon , a coming upon a man unawares . Surquedry , ( old word ) pride , presumption . Surrejoynder , ( French ) a second defence of the Plaintiffs action , opposite to the Defendants rejoynder . The Civilians call it Triplication . A Surrender , in Common Law , is an instrument or writing , signifying a Tenants consent or agreement to yield and give up his lands to the possession of him that hath the next immediate remainder or reversion . Surrentum , a Town of Campania in Italy , built by the Greeks , anciently called Petrae Sirenum . Surreptitious , ( lat . ) taken deceitfully , or by stealth . Surrogation , ( lat . ) an appointing as Deputy in the roome of another . To Survive , ( French ) to out-live ; whence a Surviver in Common Law , is taken for the longer liver of two joynt-tenants . Susan , the proper name of a woman , signifying in Heb. Lilly. Susception , ( lat . ) an enterprising or undertaking a thing . Susceptible , ( lat . ) plyable , apt to receive any impression . Suscitation , ( lat . ) a raising , quickning or stirring up . Suspension , ( lat . ) a hanging up ; also a being in doubt or uncertainty : in Common Law it is taken for a temporal stop of a mans right . Suspiral , ( French ) a breathing-hole , a vent or passage for air ; also a spring of water , passing under ground to a Conduit . Suspiration , ( lat . ) a fetching a deep sigh . Susurration , ( lat . ) a whispring , or muttring . Sutherland , the name of a Countrey in the North-part of Scotland . Sutorious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Shoomaker . Suture , ( lat . ) a seam , or sewing together , a fastning together of bones . There are three remarkable Sutures in the head , the Coronal , Lamdoidal , and Sagittal . S W Swainmot , ( Sax. ) a Court of Freeholders within the Forrest kept by the Charter of the Forrest thrice a year . Swallows-taile a term among Architectours and Carpenters , a fastning together of two pieces of timber so strongly , that they cannot fall asunder . Swan , a celestial Constellation . Swart ruiter , see Ruiter . To Sweep , a Hawk after she hath fed , is said to sweep , not wipe her beake . Swepe , a certain instrument with crosse-beams , to draw water with . Swilpough , a Dilling , or child born when the Parents are old . Swink , ( old word ) labour . Swithin , a proper name , signifying in the Saxon tongue , very high . There was a Bishop of Winchester famous for holinesse called St. Swithin . S Y Sybaritical , dainty , wanton , effeminate , from the Sybariae , the inhabitants of the City Sybaris , a people advanced to that height of luxury and voluptuousnesse , that they had their horses taught to dance to the sound of the Flute , by which means , the Crotoniatae who waged war with them , bringing pipers along with them into the field , made their horses to fall a dancing ; whereupon they rushed in among them , broke their ranks , and utterly overthrew them , and destroyed their City . Sybill , ( Heb. ) divine doctrine , a Christian name of divers women . Sybilline , ( lat . ) belonging to the Sybills , who were certain women that prophesied concerning the birth of our Saviour Christ ; they were thought to be ten in number , the Persian , Cumaean , Lybian , Delphian , Erythraean , Samian , Hellespontian , Phrygian , Tiburtine , Cuman . Sycomore , ( Greek ) a kind of fair tree , abounding in many parts of Aegypt , partaking partly of the Fig-tree , partly of the Mulberry . To Sycophantise , ( Greek ) to play the sycophant , i. a parasite , flatterer , or tale-bearer . Syderati●n , ( lat . ) a blasting . Syderation , in Physick is when not onely the solid parts but the bones also are corrupted . Sylla , a famous Roman Captain , who brought Jugurth in chaines to Rome , overcame Mithridates , broke the tyranny of Cinna , and banished Marius : afterwards being made Dictatour , he became Tyrannical himself , till at last the Common-wealth being setled , he retired to Puteo●i , where he lived a private life . Syllabical , ( Greek ) consisting of syllables . Syllogistical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Syllogisme , i. a kind of argumentation wherein some things being granted , there follows necessarily a conclusion different from those things which were granted . Sylvanectum , a Town of Picardy in France , now called Senlis . Sylvanus , the son of Valerius , by his daughter Valeria Tusculanaria , he was called the god of the Woods , and by some thought to be the same with Pan. Sylvatical , or Sylvestrious , ( lat . ) woody , full of trees , belonging to Woods or Forrests . Symbolycal , ( Greek ) belonging to a Symbol , i. a sign or token , a secret note , a short or mysterious sentence . Symmachy , ( Greek ) a joyning in war against a common enemy . Symmetry , ( Greek ) a due proportion of each part in respect of the whole Sympathetical , ( Greek ) having a sympathy , i. a natural agreement or consent in mutual affection or passion . Symphoniacal , ( Greek ) belonging to Symphony , i. consent in Harmony , agreement in tune or time . Symposiast , ( Greek ) the Master or Overseer of a Feast or Banquet . Symptomatical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Symptome , i. an accident or effect , accompanyin● any disease , as the Ague doth the headach . Synagogical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Synagogue , i. a Congregation or Assembly . Synalaepha , ( Greek ) a contraction of two vowels into one . Syncategorematical , ( Greek ) a term in Logick , having no predicamental or self-signification . Synchronical , ( Greek ) being or done together at the same time . Syncope , ( Greek ) a figure wherein a letter or syllable is taken out of the middle of a word ; also in Physick it is taken for a certain disease which causeth a sudden decay of the spirits . Synchrism , ( Greek ) a kind of liquid or spreading ointment . Synchronism , ( Greek ) a hapning of two things at the same time . Syncope , a sudden or hasty decay of the strength caused by a disolution of the natural heat . Syndick , ( Greek ) one that hath Commission to deal in the affairs of the Common-wealth , a Controller or Censor . Syndrome , ( Greek ) a concourse , meeting or running together . Synecdochical , ( Greek ) belonging to the figure Synecdoche , i. a taking a part for the whole . Syneresis , or Synaeresis , ( Greek ) the same as Synalaepha . Syngraph , ( Greek ) a deed or writing signed with ones own hand . Synodical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Synod , i. an Assembly or meeting together of Ecclesiastical persons , to consult about the affairs of the Church . Synonimous , or Synonimal words , ( Gr. ) several words having all the same signification . Synople , ( French ) a term in Heraldry , signifying Green. Synopsie , ( Greek ) a brief summing up of things contained in a large Treatise . Syntagme , ( Greek ) an ordering , disposing , or placing of things together . Syntax , ( Greek ) the same ; also in Grammar it is taken for a joyning together of the several parts of Speech in an orderly construction . Synteresie , ( Greek ) a remorce , or sting of conscience . Syntheme , ( Greek ) a watch-word ; also an intricate sentence ; also the same as Diploma . Syracuse , the chief City anciently of the Isle of Sicily , where the Poet Theocritus was born . Syria , a Region of Asia , by some divided into Syria , Assyria , Coelosyria , and Leucosyria . Syrinx , an Arcadian Nimph , one of the Naiades , who flying from the violence of Pan , was turned into a reed , of which Pan made his pastoral pipe , which for her sake he much delighted to play upon . Syrtes , two dangerous creeks in the Lybian Sea , called the greater Syrtis and the lesser Syrtis . Systatique , ( Greek ) compacting , ordering , or placing together . Sysigie , ( Greek ) a conjunction , a joyning or coupling together . System , ( Greek ) a composing , or putting together ; also a Treatise or body of any Art or Science , also the compasse of a Song . Systole , ( Greek ) a contraction or drawing together ; also in Physick it is taken for that motion of the pulse which compresses the heart and arteries as Diastole dilates them ; also a making short a long vowel . T A St. TAbbs , or St. Ebbes , a Town in the Bishoprick of Durham , otherwise called Ebbechester , from Ebba , a Virgin of the blood Royal of the Northumbers , who for the great opinion that was conceived of her Sanctimony , was Canonized among the Saints . Tabefaction , ( Greek ) a melting , corrupting , or consuming . Tabellary , or Tabellion , ( lat . ) a Scrivener or publick Notary ; also a Letter-carrier . Taberd , ( Sax. ) a jerkin or coat without sleeves ; also a Heralds coat of Arms in service . Tabernacle , ( lat . ) a Booth , or little Shop ; also a Pavilion or Tent for War. There was anciently among the Jews a certain holy Structure so called , which was made to remove up and down from place to place . Tabernarious , ( lat . ) belonging to Taverns or Shops . Tabid , ( lat . ) wasting or pining away . Tabitha , the proper name of a woman , signifying in Hebrew Roebuck . Tabouret , ( French ) a little stool to sit on . Tabularious , ( lat . ) belonging to writings , evidences or accounts . Tabulation , ( lat . ) a fastning together of planks or boards , a making a floor . Taces , ( in French Cuisseaux ) armour for the thighs . Tachos , a King of Aegypt , who for jeering at the short stature of Agesilaus , was the cause of the breach of the league between them , and of the losse of his own Kingdom . Tachygraphy , ( Greek ) the art of swift writing . Tacite , ( lat . ) silent . Taciturnity , ( lat . ) a being silent , a holding ones peace . Tackle , a Term in Navigation , the small ropes of a ship . Tacticks , ( Greek ) books treating of the ordering of Souldiers in an Army . Taction , ( lat . ) a touching . Taenarum , a Promontory in the Countrey of Lacaedemon , near which is the Den where Hercules ascended , when he brought Cerberus out of the deep . Tages , the Grand-child of Jupiter , and son of Genius , he is said to have taught the Hetrurians the art of divining , when he was a boy of twelve year old . Tagliacotius , a famous Chirurgion of Bononia , who could put on new noses . Tagus , a river of Portugal famous among the ancients , for its gravel resembling Gold. Taile , in Common-law , is a kinde of inheritance in fee , when a man holdeth certain Lands to him , and the Heirs of his body Lawfully begotten , and is taken opposite to fee-simple . Tainct , a little red coloured insect , being a kinde of Spider that infesteth Cattel in the Summer time . Takel , ( old word ) a Feather , or Arrow . Talaries , ( lat . ) the winged shooes , which the Poets faigne that Mercury wore . Talent , ( lat . ) a certain weight of silver , differing in value , both among Hebrews and Greeks . Tales , ( lat . ) i. such like ) it is used in Common-law , for a supply of men empannell'd upon a Jury ▪ and not appearing , or chalenged as not indifferent . Talismannical , belonging to Talismans , ( Arab. ) i. images , or figures made under certain constellations . Tallage , or Tailage , ( French ) a Tax , Tribute , or Imposition . Tallion , see Lex Talionis . Tally , or Taley , ( from the French Tailler , i. to cut ) a score , or stick of wood divided into two pieces , for the keeping of a reckoning between two parties . Talmudical , belonging to the Talmud , i. a certain book compiled by the Rabbins , containing the Law , Ceremonies , and Religious Rites of the Jews . Talus , a sisters son of Daedalus , he found out the use of the saw , by seeing the Jawbone of a Serpent , and invented the Potters wheel , but was at length treacherously slain by his Unkle , who envied his art and ingenuity . Tamarinds , a kind of Indian fruit somewhat like a Damascene , much used in Physick . Tamarisk , a kinde of shrub , having a red bark , and a leaf like heath . Tamerlane , a Scythian , who invaded the Dominion of the Turks , with a vast multitude of men , and having overthrown and taken Bajazeth , the Emperour of the Turks , he led him up and down all Asia in an Iron Cage , he was , as some say , at first a Swinheard , but by a full gale of fortune , was blown up into the Imperial Thrown . Tamesis , the chief River of England , which from the confluence of Tame , and Isis , two Rivers , which meeting together , joyn into one stream , thenceforth assumes a name compounded of them both . Tampoy , a kind of pleasant drink , much used in the M●luc●oes . Tampoon , or Tampkin , a small piece of wood serving for a bung , or stopple to a piece of Ordnance . Tamworth , a Town so called from the River Tame , and the Saxon word Weordh , which signifieth a Barton , Ferm-house , or River Island ; it is situate partly in Warwick-shire , partly in Stafford-shire , and was anciently the chief residence of the Kings of the Mercians . this Town after it had suffered much by the Danish Wars , was repaired by Aethelfleda , Lady of the Mercians ; also Edith King Eadgar's sister founded here a Religious house for veiled Virgins . Tanacles , certain instruments of torment like pincers . Tanet , an Island in Kent , so called , as some vainly imagin 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , i. from the death of Snakes , here the Saxons first seated themselves , but were vanquish't with a great slaughter at Stovar ; neverthelesse , afterwards at Whipped-fleet , a place so called from Whipped , a Saxon there slain , Hengist overthrew the Brittains , and put them to flight . Tangent , ( lat . ) a Mathematical Term used chiefly in Astronomy , and signifies , a right line perpendicular , to the Diameter drawn by the one extream of the given Arch , and terminated by the Secant , and drawn from the Center through the other extream of the said Arch. Tangible , ( lat . ) that may be toucht . Tanistry , a certain ancient custome in Ireland , whereby he that had most powr , or policy inherited in any principality , or Lordship ; it comes from the Saxon word Thane , i. a Nobleman . Tantalus , an ancient King of Phrygia , the son of Jupiter by the Nymph Plotis , he inviting the gods to a feast , killed his son Pelops , and set before them to eat , for which he was condemned to this punishment in Hell , namely to stand up to the chin in water , and to have pleasant apples hang over his head , and yet to be neither able to eat nor to drink , whence a man that is brought near to happinesse , and yet deprived of it , is commonly said to be Tantaliz'd . To Tap , vide , to Beat. Taphus and Telebus , the sons of Pterelas , the son of Neptune and Hippothoe , the daughter of Nestor ; their Successours , the Taphi● , and Teleboae inhabited the Taphian , or Echinades Islands , see Amphitryon . Tapinage , ( French ) a lurking , or lying secret , whence Tapissant , lurking , or squatting , a Term in Hunting . Taprobane , an Island in the Indian Sea , 1000 mile long , and 625 mile broad , now called Sumatra . Taratantarize , ( Greek ) to imitate the sound of a Trumpet , which seemeth to expresse the word Taratantara . Tarantula , a kinde of venemous Creature , abounding in Tarantum , a Citie in the Kingdom of Naples , which casteth forth a sting , onely curable by the sound of Musick . Tardigrade , ( lat . ) going a slow place . Tardity , ( lat . ) slownesse , or delaying . Tarentum , a Citie of Magna Graecia in Italy , built by Tarentus the son of Neptune , and augmented by Phalantus , a Lacedaemonian . Tarpawling , a Term in Navigation , a piece of Canvasse that is all tarr'd over to lash upon a deck , or grating , to keep the rain from soaking through . Tarpeia , a vestal Virgin , the daughter of Tarpeius , she betrayed the Roman Capitol to the Sabines , desiring for a reward what ever they carried upon their right Arms , whereupon they all threw their sheilds upon her , and pressed her to death . Tarquinius Priscus , the son of Demaratus a Corinthian , who by the perswasion of his wife Tanaquil went to Rome , where by insinuating himself into the favour of Ancus Martius , he at length obtained the Kingdom . Tarquinius Superbus , the seventh King of the Romans , whose son Tarquinius Sextus ravishing Lucretia , the wife of Tarquinius Collatinus , was the cause that kingly Government was utterly expelled out of Rome . Tarracon , a famous Citie of Arragon , anciently called Tarraconia , a Province of Spain . Tarrasse , see Terrasse . Tarsus , a famous Citie of Cilicia , where St. Paul was born , which Citie together with Anchialus are said to have been built in one day , by Perseus the son of Danae . Tartarean , ( lat . ) belonging to Tartarus , i. a deep place in Hell often mentioned by the Poets . Tartaria , a large Countrey of Asia , containing Sarmatia , Asiatica , the two Scythia's and Cataia . Tarter , the Lees of Wine ; also a kinde of Gravelly-stone , growing in the inside of Wine vessels . Tasck , an old Brittish word , signifying as much as Tribute , from whence haply cometh our word Task , which is a duty , or labour imposed upon any one . Tassel , ( French ) a Term in Falconry , the Male of any Hawk . Titus Tatius , a Captain of the Sabines , who after great Wars with the Romans , at length concluding a peace with them , was received as a sharer in the Government . Tavistoke , or Teavistok , a Town in Devonshire ; so called from the River Teave , it hath been famous in times past , for the Abbey built by Ordolph , the son of Ordgare , Earle of Devonshire , in the year 961. he being admonished , as some say by a Vision from Heaven ; this Abby was destroyed by the Danes , but afterwards flourish'd again , and in it Lectures were instituted of the English Saxon tongue . Tawnton , or Thonton , a Town in Somersetshire ; so called as it were a Town watered by the River Thone , here I●a King of the West-saxons , built a Castle , which Desburgio his wife rased to the ground , after she had expelled from thence Eadbritch , King of the South-saxons . Taurine , or Taurean , ( lat . ) belonging to a Bull. Taurinum , a Citie by the Alps in Piedmont , vulgarly called Turin . Taurus , a very great ridge of mountains , stretched out a mighty length through divers Countreys , and called by several names ; as Imaus , Parapomisus , Circius , Taurus , Cau●asus , Sarpedon , Ceraunius , &c. also the name of one of the twelve signes of the Zodiack , the word signifying in Latin a Bull. Tautologie , ( Greek ) a repeating of one thing several times over in different expressions . Taximagulus , a petty King of Kent , one of those that opposed Julius Caesar , when he made War with the Brittains . Taygetus , a very steep Hill by the Citie of Sparta . T E Team , or Theam , ( Sax. ) a Royalty granted by the Kings Charter , to a Lord of a Mannour . Teasels , a kind of Plant , called in Greek Dipsacus , in Latin labrum veneris . Technical , ( Greek ) artificial , done by Art. Tectonick , ( lat . ) belonging to a building . Tedder , a tying of any beast in a roap , that he may graze within a certain compasse . Tediferous , ( lat . ) bearing a Taper , or Torch . Tegea , a Town in Arcadia , whose inhabitants having great Wars with the Phaeneatae ; it was decided in a Duel between the three sons of Rherimachus for the Tegeans , and the three sons of Demostratus for the Phaeneatae , like that of the Horatii and Curiatii . Tegment , ( lat . ) a covering , or cloathing . Teifidale , a Countrey in the South-part of Scotland , so called as it were a Dale , by the River Teif . Telarie , ( lat . ) belonging to a Weavers Web. Teliferous , ( lat . ) carrying , or bearing darts . Tellers of the Exchequer , four Officers appointed to receive all monies due to the King , and to give a Bill to the Clark of the Pell to charge him therewith . Telamon , the son of Aeacus , King of Salamis , he was the first that got upon the Walls of Troy , when Hercules besieged it , whereupon he gave him Hesione the daughter of Laomedon . Telegonus , the son of Vlisses and Circe , who slew his father at Ithaca not knowing him , afterwards going into Italy he built Tusculum . Telephus , the son of Hercules , and the Nymph Auge , who being exposed to the Woods by his Grand-father , was brought up by a Hart , afterward becoming King of Mysia , he was wounded by Achilles , whom he denied passage through his Countrey going to the Wars of Troy , but at length was cured by the same dart that wounded him . Telescope , ( Greek ) a certain Mathematical instrument , by which the proportion of any thing is discerned at a great distance . Tellus , the goddesse of the earth , and oftentimes taken for the earth it self . Temerity , ( lat . ) rashnesse , unadvisednesse . Tempe , certain pleasant fields in Thessaly , five miles long , & six miles broad , watered by the River Pen●us , which makes them so ever green and flourishing , that all delightfull places are by Metaphor called Tempe . Temperament , ( lat . ) a moderate and proportionable mixture of any thing , but more peculiarly of the four humours of the body . Temperance , ( lat . ) moderation and abstinence , a restraining the violence of a mans affections , or passions . Temperature , ( lat . ) the same as temperament . Tempestivity , ( lat . ) seasonablenesse , due or convenient time . Templars , or Knights of the Temple , see in Knight . Temporaneous , or Temporary , ( lat . ) belonging to time done suddenly , or a certain time . Temporalities of Bishops , such Lands , or Revenues as are added to Bishops Sees by great persons of the Land. Temporize , to live according to the times , to comply with the times . Temulency , ( lat . ) drunkennesse . Tenacity , ( lat . ) an aptnesse to keep , or hold fast . Tenderlings , a Term among Hunters , the soft tops of Deers Horns , when they begin to shoot forth . Tendons , ( lat . ) certain small ligaments , or chords , in which the muscles do end . Tendrells , the young branches of a tree , and chiefely of a vine . Tenebres , certain divine Services performed among the Catholicks some dayes of the week before Easter Sunday , in representation of our Saviours Agony in the Garden , there being put out , of the 15 lamps which they light , one at the end of every Psalm they repeat , untill all the lights are extinguished . Tenebrion , ( lat . ) one that lurks in the night to pilfer or steal ; also a night-spirit . Tenebrosity , ( lat . ) darknesse or obscurity . Tenedos , an Island in the Aegaean Sea , between Lesbos and the Hellespont , hither the Greeks retired while the Trojans received the great horse . Tenerity , ( lat . ) tendernesse or softnesse . Tenne , a kind of tawny colour , a term used in Heraldry . Tenon , a term in Building , a piece of a rafter put into a mortisehole to bear it up . Tenor , ( lat . ) the effect or purport of any thing ; also a rule or proportion ; also one of the five parts in Musick . Tensil , ( lat . ) easie to be bent or stretcht out . Tensity , ( lat . ) stiffnesse , or a being stretched out hard . Tent , among Jewellers , is that which they put under table Diamonds when they set them in work ; it signifieth also a Pavillion , also a Chirurgions Instrument to search wounds with . Tentation , ( lat . ) a tempting , trying , or proving . Tentorian , ( lat . ) belonging to a Tent or Pavillion . Tenuity , ( lat . ) smallnesse , thinnesse , slendernesse ; whence Tenuation , a making thin or slender . Tenure , in Common Law , is the manner whereby Tenants hold Lands of their Lord. Tepefaction , ( lat . ) a making luke-warm . Tepidity , ( lat . ) lukewarmnesse . Tercera , one of the Isles which the Spaniards call Acores . Terebinthine , ( lat . ) belonging to Terebinth , i. the Turpentine-tree ; as also a certain Gum issuing out of that tree . Terebration , ( lat . ) a boring through . Tereus , see Philomela . Tergeminous , ( lat . ) three born at a birth ; also threefold . Tergiversation , ( lat . ) a turning ones back , a flinching or withdrawing ; also a non-suit in Law. Terminals , ( lat . ) certain Feasts made in honour of Terminus , an ancient god among the Romans , called the god of bounds , because after the banishment of Saturn , he used to decide the controversies of Husbandmen falling out about the limits of their grounds . Termination , ( lat . ) a limiting , ending , or bounding . Ternary , or Ternion , ( lat . ) the number three . Terra Lemnia , an exceeding red earth of the Island of Lemnos , digged from a red hill . Terra Samia , a kind of white , stiff , and tough earth , from the Isle of Samos . Terra Sigillata , ( lat . ) a kind of earth much used in physick , so called because it used to be sent from the Isle of Lemnos sealed . Terrae filius , ( lat . ) one that is allowed to make lepid or jesting speeches at an Act at Oxford . Terraqueous , ( lat . ) composed of earth and water together . Terrar , ( lat . ) a survey of the whole quantity of acres in any mans land . Terrasse , ( French ) a Bullwark of earth ; also an open Walk or Gallery on the top of an house . Terrene , or Terrestrial , ( lat . ) earthy , belonging to the earth . Terretenant , in Common Law , is a land tenant , or he that hath a natural and actual possession of land which is otherwise called occupation . Terrisonant , ( lat . ) sounding terribly . Territory , ( lat . ) lands that belong to the jurisdiction of any State , City , or Common-wealth . Terse , ( lat . ) neat , clean , polite . Tertiation , ( lat . ) a dividing into three , also a doing any thing the third time . Tesserarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Tessera , i. a die ; also a signal or watch-word . Testaceous , ( lat . ) made of tile , brick , sherd , or the shell of a fish . Testamentarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Testament , i. a mans last Will , which is of two sorts , either in writing or nuncupatory . Testation , ( lat . ) a witnessing . Testator , ( lat . ) a bearer of witness ; also he that makes a Will and Testament . Testicular , ( lat . ) belonging to the Testicles or Stones . Testif , ( old word ) wild-brained , furious . Testification , ( lat . ) a proving by witness . Testudineous , ( lat . ) belonging to , or like a Testude , i. a Tortoise-shell ; also an Engine of War used among the ancients . Tetchie , ( old word ) froward , peevish . Tethys , the goddess of the Sea , the daughter of Coelus and Vesta , and the wife of Neptune . Tetrachord , ( Greek ) an instrument of four strings . Tetragonal , ( Greek ) quadrangle , or having four angles . Tetragrammaton , ( Greek ) the ineffable Name of God Jehovah , among the Hebrews so called , because it consisteth of four Hebrew letters . Tetraptote , ( Greek ) a term in Grammar , a Noun declined with four Cases . Tetrarch , ( Greek ) a Prince or Ruler of a fourth part of a Kingdom . Tetrastick , ( Greek ) an order of four verses . Tetrasyllabical , ( Greek ) consisting of four syllables . Tetricity , or Tetritude , ( lat . ) fournesse , or severity of countenance . Teucer , a King of Troy , the son of Telamon and Hesione . Teuthras , a King of Cilicia and Misia , the son of Pandion , he had 50 daughters who were all got with child by Hercules in one night . Teutonick , ( lat . ) belonging to an Almain or German , so called as some think from Tuisco the son of Mercury . Tewkesbury , a Town in Glocestershire , called by the Saxons Theoc'sbury , by the Latins Theoci curia , from one Theocus who here led an Hermites life . Here was fought that memorable battle between the Houses of York and Lancaster , where King Edward the fourth had the Victory , and Prince Edward the onely son of King Henry the sixth was killed in a barbarous manner : this Town is also famous for making of woollen cloth , and the best mustard . Textile , ( lat . ) woven or knit . Texture , ( lat . ) a weaving or knitting . T H Thalassiarch , ( Greek ) a Supream officer at Sea , an Admiral . Thalassion , ( lat . ) a Nuptial Song , from Thalassius the god of Marriage Rites among the Romans . Thales , an ancient Greek Philosopher , reckoned among the seven Wisemen . He is said to have first found out Geometry , and the motion of the Sphears . Thalestris , a Queen of the Amazons , who went thirty dayes journey to Alexander the Great , and was according to her request got with child by him . Thane , ( Sax. ) a Nobleman or Magistrate , called also Thingus or Thegne . Thavies Inne , see Innes of Chancery . Theano , the wife of Metapontus King of Icaria , she , wanting children of her own , brought up two twins the sons of Neptune and Menalippe the daughter of Desmontes ; but afterwards bringing forth two sons of her own , which were likewise twins , and seeing her husbands affections inclining more to Menalippe's sons , than to her own , she was much troubled , and as soon as her sons came of age , she set them on to kill their supposed brethren ; but Neptune their father coming to their aid , they killed the sons of Theano , which as soon as she came to hear , she killed her self . Theatral , ( lat . ) belonging to a Theater , i. a place where publick Shews or Playes are exhibited . Theatins , an order of Religious persons instituted by John Peter Caraff Bishop of Theate in the Kingdom of Naples . Thebae , or Thebes , vulgarly called Stibes , the chief City of Thebais in Aegypt , built by King Busiris , and called also Hecatompyl●s , from its hundred gates ; also a City of Boeotia built by Cadmus . Theftbote , ( Sax. ) a maintaining a thief , by receiving stollen goods from him . Themis , the daughter of Coelus and Terra , who flying the Nuptialls of Jupiter , was ravisht by him in Macedonia ; she was worshipt as the goddesse that first taught men right and justice , and had an ancient Oracle in Boeotia . Themiscyra , a Region bordering upon Cappadocia , and watred by the River Thermodon , having also its chief City of the same name . Themistocles , a famous Athenian Captain , who fortified the Pyraeum , and overcame the Persians at Salamina ; but afterwards being banished his Country , he was intertained by Xerxes and made Captain of an army against the Athenians , whereupon he drank Oxes blood and poisoned himself , that he might neither be ingratefull to the King , nor fight against his Countrymen . Theodamas , a King of Chaonia , against whom Hercules made war , because he denied him provisions when he came to Dryope with Dejanira and his son Hyllus , and having got the Victory he slew Theodamas , carrying away his son Hylas whom he alwayes had in very great esteem . Theobald , the proper name of a man , signifying in Saxon , bold over the people . Theodolite , a certain Mathematical Instrument , chiefely used in Surveying , consisting of the Planisphere , Geometrical square , Quadrant , and Scale . Theodom , ( Sax. ) servitude . Theodoricus , a King of the East Goths , who having overcome Od●acer , was Crowned King of Italy , and reigned there 33 years ; also the name of a King of the Gaules , who with his favorite Ebroinus was deposed , and Childerick set up in his room : the word signifieth in Dutch , rich in people . Theodorus , a proper name of several famous men , the word signifying in Greek a gift of God. Theod●sia , a Christian name of women , answering to Theodorus or Theodosius in men . Theodosius , the name of two famous Emperours of Constantinople , the first the son of the Emperour Gratian , the second the son of Arcadius and E●doxia , he had wars with the Persians , Vandalls , and Hunns . Theogonie , ( Greek ) the generation of the gods . Theological , ( Greek ) belonging to Theology , i. Divinity or discourse of God and Divine things . Theomachy , ( Greek ) a warring or fighting against God. Theomagical , ( Greek ) belonging to Divine Magick , or the wisdom of God. Theomancy , ( Greek ) a divination by calling upon the names of God. Theophilus , a proper name of a man , signifying a friend or lover of God. Theorba , ( Ital. Tiorba ) a Musical Instrument , being a kind of base Lute . Theorematick , ( Greek ) belonging to a Theoreme , i. an axiom or undoubted truth of any Art. Theorie , ( Greek ) the contemplation or study of any Art or Science without practice . Therapeutick , ( Greek ) healing or curing . Theraphim , ( Heb. ) an Image made in the form of a man. Theriacal , ( Greek ) belonging to Treacle , i. a Medicine against poison , made of the flesh of a wild beast . Thermometre , ( Greek ) a certain Instrument whereby one may guesse at the change of weather , a weather-glasse . Thermopylae , a long ridge of mountains in Greece , at whose streights Leonidas the Spartan King with 300 Lacedaemonians stoutly fighting , were all cut off by Mardonius the Persian . To Thesaurize , ( Greek ) to treasure or heap up riches . Theseus , the son of Aegeus King of Athens , he overcame the Amazonians , and brought away their Queen Hippolyte , on whom he begat Hippolytus , he slew the Minotaur at Creet , and brought away Ariadne and Phaedra the daugh●ers of Minos , the last of whom he took to wife . He overthrew three famous theeves , Sciron , Procrustes , and Schinis ; Lastly he went down with Pirithous into Hell to fetch away Proserpina . See Pirithous . Thesis , ( Greek ) a general argument or position . Thessalia , a Region of Greece lying between Boeotia and Macedon , it was anciently called Pelasgicus , from Pelasgus , Aemonia , from King Aemon , Pyrrhaea from Pyrrha the wife of Deucalion . Thetford , see Sitomagus . Thetis , the daughter of Nereus and Doris , whom Jupiter being about to have married , was disswaded by Prometheus , so that she married Peleus the son of Aeacus , to whom she brought forth Achilles . Thiller , a horse which is put under the Thills , i. the beam of a Cart or Wain , called in Latin Temo . Thole , ( lat . ) a term in Building , the scutchin or knot in the midst of a timber vault , also a place in Temples where D●naries are hung up . Thomas , the proper name of a man , signifying in Hebrew , deep , or , as some say , twinne . Thomyris , a Queen of Scythia , who inraged that Cyrus had slain her son Spargapises in a battle , recollected all her forces , overthrew his Army , and slew him , and putting his head in a tub of blood , said in an upbraiding manner , Fill thy self with the blood for which thou hast thirsted . Thon , a King of Canopus , who falling in love with Helena , was slain by Menelaus . Thongcaster , a Castle in Lincolnshire , commonly called Castor , in Brittish Caeregary , it took the name from the same occasion as Byrsa a Castle of the Carthaginians ; for Hengi● obtaining so much ground in this tract , of Vortigern , as he could measure out with an Oxehide , cut the hide out into very small laners , which we commonly call Thongs , and therewith measuring out the ground , built upon it this Castle . Thor , a certain Idol worshipped by the ancient Saxons , thought to be the same with Jupiter , or the god of Thunder ; whence Thursday took its denomination . Thoracique , ( lat . ) belonging to the stomack or brest . Thorp , an ancient Saxon name , for a Village or Country Town . Thowles , the small pins which they bear against with their Oares when they row . Thracia , a Country of Europe , lying on the East of Macedonia , now called Romania . Thrasonical , ( Greek ) insolently boasting . Thrasybulus , an Athenian exile , who freed the City from the oppression of the thirty Tyrants . Thrave , a certain quantity of corn containing 4 shocks , each shock consisting of six sheaves . Threnody , ( Greek ) the singing of a Threne , i. a mourning or funeral-Song . To Threpe , ( Sax. ) to affirm . Thrilled , or Thirled , ( Sax. ) killed . Thridboroughs or Thirdborough , a word used in some old Acts , for a Headborough or Constable . Throb , ( Sax. ) the vehement beating or panting of the heart . Thrones , see Angel. Thucydides , an elegant Greek Historian who writ the Peloponnesian war. Thule , an Island on the north of Scotland , now called Island . Thummim , see Vrim . Thuriferous , ( lat . ) bearing Frankincense . Thyestes , the son of Pelops and Hippodamia , and the brother of Atreus . see Atreus . Thymaetes , a Trojan , who marrying Arisbe the daughter of Priamus , had a son born on the same day with Paris , and because the Augurs had foretold that one born that day should be the destruction of Troy , Priamus commanded that both the children should be slain ; but Paris being saved by his mother , Thymaetes son was onely killed , for which he bearing a revenge in his mind , was the first that caused the Trojan horse to be let in . Thymick vein , see vein . Thymomancy , ( Greek ) a kind of presaging from a mans own hopes and fears . Thyrse , ( Greek ) a stalk or stem of any herb , or a trunchion wrapped with Ivy , which was anciently used by the Bacchides in the Feasts of Bacchus . T I Tiara , a certain ornament for the head used anciently among the Persians ; whence some think our word Tire to be derived . Tibial , ( lat . ) belonging to a Pipe or Flute . Tibicination , ( lat . ) a playing on a Pipe. Tiercel , ( French ) the same as Tass●l . Tierce , ( French ) a certain liquid measure containing the third part of a Pipe which is two Tuns . Tiercet , ( French ) a stanza or staff of three verses . Tigrine , ( lat . ) belonging to , or like a Tiger . Timariots , certain souldiers among the Turks , who out of conquered lands have a certain portion allowed them during term of life , to serve on horseback . Timbers of Ermine , a term in Armory or Blazon , the rows or ranks of Ermine in the Noblemens Capes . Timbrel , ( Dutch Trommel ) a kind of musical Instrument , by some called a Taber . Timidity , ( lat . ) timerousnesse , fearfulnesse . Timochares , one that belonged to Pyrrhus King of Epirus , who would have covenanted with Fabricius the Consul , to have poisoned Pyrrhus , but Fabricius disdaining so great a basenesse revealed the intention to Pyrrhus . Timocracie , ( Greek ) a certain Government , wherein the richest men bear sway . Timoleon , a famous Corinthian Captain , who at the request of Dion , the Syracusian freed Syracuse from the Tyranny of Dionysius . Timon , a sowr Athenian , who shund and hated the company of all men . Timotheus , the son of Conon an Athenian Captain , who had his statue erected in the Market place , for the great victory he obtained over the Lacedaem●nians , it being also a proper name of many men , signifying in Greek an honourer of God. Tincel , a kinde of Cloath composed of silk and silver , glistering like starers , or sparks of fire , from the French Estincelle , a sparkle . Tincture , ( lat . ) a staining , or dying ; also a Term in Heraldry , signifying a variable hew of Arms. Tinm●uth ▪ see Tunnocellum . Tinniment , ( lat . ) a tingling , or sounding of metals . Tintamar , ( French ) a kind of clashing , or gingling noise . Tintinnation , ( lat . ) a ringing like a bell . Tiresias , a Theban Sooth-sayer , who being struck blinde by Juno , received in recompence thereof the gift of Prophesie from Jupiter , see Ovid. Metamorph. ● . 3. Tissue , ( French ) a kind of Cloath , or silver woven . Titanick , belonging to Titan , i. the son of Caelus and Vesta , and the brother of Saturn , he is by the Poets oftentimes taken for the Sun. Tithing , a company of ten men , with their families joyned together in a society , the chief whereof is called a Tithing man. Tithonus , the son of Laomedon , King of Troy , with whom Aurora falling in Love , snatch't him up into her Chariot , and carried him into Aethiopia , where she had Memnon by him , being at length grown very old , he was changed into a Grasse-hopper . Titillation , ( lat . ) a tickling , or pleasant itching . Title in Law , is a lawfull cause to claim a thing , which another man hath , he having no action for the same . Titubation , ( lat . ) a stumbling . Titular , ( lat . ) belonging to a title , having a title . Tityus , the son of Jupiter and Elara , the daughter of Orchomenus ; he , for indeavouring to force Latona , was slain by Apollo , and cast down into Hell , where a Vulture is said continually to gnaw upon his Liver , which grows again as fast as it is devoured . T L Tlepolemus , the son of Hercules and Astioche , he was of a vast stature and strength , and raigned over three Cities in Rhodes , at last he was slain by Sarpedon , in the Trojan war. T M Tmolus , a Mountain near Sardes in Lydia , out of which riseth the River Pactolus , famous for its Golden Sands . T O Tobacco , a certain Plant , whose smoak taken in pipes , is generally in much request ; it was first brought into these parts out of the Indies , by Sr. Francis Drake , and is so called as some say , from an Island of that name . Tobias , a proper name of a man , signifying in Hebrew the Lord is good . Tod , of Wool , see Sarplar . Toll , a liberty to buy , and sell within the Precincts of a Mannour ; also Tribute , or Custome . Toletum , or Toledo , the chief City of new Castile in Spain , begirt with a strong Wall , and a hundred and fifty little Towers . Tolsey , a kinde of Exchange , or place where Merchants meet in Bristow . Toman , a kinde of Persian Coyn. Tomarus , a mountain in Thesprotia , where there are a hundred Fountains . Tome , ( lat . ) a part , or volume of a book . Tomin , a certain weight among Jewellers , weighing about three Carrats . Tonicul , ( lat . ) belonging to a Tone , or Accent . Tonitruation , ( lat . ) a thundring . Tonnage , a Custome due for merchandize brought , or carried in Tuns . Tonsils , ( lat . ) certain kernels at the root of the tongue . Tonsorious , ( lat . ) belonging to trimming , or barbing . Toparch , ( Greek ) a Governour , or Ruler of any place . Topaze , a kinde of precious stone , of a Gold , or Saffron colour . Topical , ( Greek ) belonging to Topicks , i. a part of Logick treating of places of invention . Topography , ( Greek ) a particular description of any place . Torce , a Term in Heraldry , see Wreath . Torch Royal , a Term in Hunting , the next start in a Stag's head growing above the Royal. Torcularious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Vine presse . Torcular vein , see Vein . Tormentill , a kinde of Plant , called in English Setfoil , good against gripings of the guts . Torminous , ( lat . ) troubled with Tormins , i. gripings of the Belly . Tornad● , ( Span. ) a sudden , or violent storm of ill weather at Sea. Torosity , ( lat . ) brawninesse , or fulnesse of flesh . Torpedo , ( lat . ) a kind of fish of that stupefying quality , that if any one touch it with a long pole , it benums his hand . Torpid , ( lat . ) num , also slow , or dull . Torquated , ( lat . ) wearing , a Chain , or Collar . Titus Manlius Torquatus , the son of Manlius , surnamed the Imperious , he overcame the Gaul that challenged the stoutest of the Romans to fight with him , and took off his Golden Chain , whence Torquatus became a name to him and all his family , he caused his sonne to be beheaded for fighting against his command ; notwithstanding he had obtained the victory , whence Manlian severity became a proverb . Torrefaction , ( lat . ) a parching , scorching , or roasting . Torrent , ( lat . ) a strong stream , or violent floud running down a Hill. Torrid , ( lat . ) burning , or parching . Torsion , ( lat . ) a wresting , or wringing of any thing . Torteauxes , ( French ) a sort of round figures in Heraldry , by some called wastells . Tortuosity , ( lat . ) a winding , or crooking in and out . Torvity , ( lat . ) sowrnesse , crabbednesse , or grimnesse of Aspect . Totality , ( lat . ) the whole sum of any number ; also the whole , or intire part of any thing . Totilas , a King of the Goths , who overcame the Romans , and took most of the imperial Cities . Tournement , ( French ) a revolution , turning , or changing ; also a justing , or tilting . Tournois , a kinde of French Coyn , valuing the tenth part of a penny . To Tow , a Term in Navigation , to drag any thing a stern a ship in the water . Towton , a Town in York-shire , where in the year 1461. a mighty pitch't battel was fought between the 2 houses of York and Lancaster , where 30000 men were left dead upon the place , but the victory fell to York . Towrus , when a Roe desires copulation , he is said to go to his Towrus , ( Term of Hunting . ) Toylet , ( French ) a kinde of bag to put night-cloaths in . T R Trabal , ( lat . ) belonging to a beam . Tracasserie , ( French ) a needlesse hurrying , or restlesse travelling up and down . Traces , among Hunters , signifieth the foot-steeps of wild beasts . Tract , ( lat . ) a continued line , a long road ; also a discourse drawn in length . Tract is also the footing of a Boar , ( Term in Hunting . ) Tractable , ( lat . ) gentle , or easie to be managed , or ordered . Tractate , ( lat . ) a handling , or treating of any thing , a treatise . Tradition , ( lat . ) a delivering ; also a bequeathing any Doctrine to posterity from age to age . Traduction , ( lat . ) a translating , or conveying from one thing , or place to another ; also a defaming , or slandering . Tragecomoedie , ( Greek ) a play that is half Tragedy and half Comedy . Tragedian , or Tragediographer , ( Greek ) a writer of Tragedies , i. a sort of Dramatick Poetry , or Stage-play , representing murthers , sad and mournfull actions , and setting forth the highest and noblest sort of persons . Tragical , ( Greek ) belonging to Tragedies , sad , blondy , disastrous . Tragelaph , ( Greek ) a stone-buck , or Goat-hart ; so called , because it is begotten between a Goat and a Deer . Tragematopolist , ( Greek ) a Comfit-maker , a seller of Preserves and Confections . Trajection , ( lat . ) a passing , or conveying over . Tralucencie , ( lat . ) a being through clear , a shining through . Tramontane , ( Ital. ) Nothward , or beyond the Mountains from Italy . Tranquillity , ( lat . ) calmnesse , quietnesse , stillnesse . Transaction , ( lat . ) a finishing , or dispatching any businesse . Transalpine , ( lat . ) being beyond the Alps. Transcendent , ( lat . ) surpassing , exceeding , or excelling . Transcript , ( lat . ) that which is written out from an Original . Transcurrence , ( lat . ) a running over quickly . Transduction , the same as Traduction . Transfiguration , ( lat . ) a transforming , or changing out of one shape into another . Transfix , ( lat . ) to run through any thing with a Dart , Sword , or any other sharp weapon . Transfretation , ( lat . ) a passing over a River , or crosse the Sea. Transfusion , ( lat . ) a powring out of one thing into another . Transgression , ( lat . ) a going beyond ones bounds , a committing a Trespasse , or Crime . Transjection , ( lat . ) see Trajection . Transition , ( lat . ) a passing from one thing to another , in Rhetorick it is a part of an Oration , wherein they passe from one subject to another . Transitory , ( lat . ) soon passing away , fading , or perishing . Translation , ( lat . ) a changing from one thing , or place to another , a turning out of one language into another ; also when a light Planet separateth from a more weighty one , and presently applieth to one more heavy . Translucid , ( lat . ) the same as Transparent , shining through . Transmarine , ( lat . ) being beyond the Seas . Transmeation , ( lat . ) a passing through , or beyond . Transmew , ( old word ) to change . Transmigration , ( lat . ) a removing ones habitation from one place to another . Transmission , ( lat . ) a conveying through , a sending from one place to another . Transmutation , ( lat . ) a changing from one thing to another . Transome , in Architecture , is an overthwart beam , or brow-post . Transparent , ( lat . ) to be seen through . Transparency , a Term in Heraldry , vide adumbration . Transpiration , ( lat . ) an evaporating , exhaling , or breathing forth . A Transport , or Transportation , a carrying over the Seas , or any River ; also a sudden trance , or rapture of minde . Transposition , ( lat . ) an inverting , or changing the order of things . Transsylvania , a Countrey lying beyond the Carpathian Mountains , now called Sibemburghen , which together with Servia and Wallachia were heretofore called Dacia . Transubstantion , ( lat . ) a converting , or changing of one substance into another , more especially among the Papists ; it is taken for the bread in the Sacrament , being changed into the body of Christ. Transvection , ( lat . ) a carrying over . Transvers , ( lat . ) acrosse , or overthwart . Transvolation , ( lat . ) a flying over . Traperzium , a figure consisting of some unequal sides , and as many un-equal angles . Trave , ( French ) a Term in Architecture , a trevise , or little room . Traverse , ( French ) to go acrosse , or overthwart , in Common-law , it signifieth to deny any point of the matter wherewith one is charged ; also in Navigation it is taken for the way of a ship , in respect of the points whereon they sayl . Traverses , ( French ) turnings and windings ; it is also taken figuratively for troubles and vexations . Cleopatra . Travested , ( French ) shifted in apparel , disguised . Traumatick , ( Greek ) belonging to wounds . Treasure trove , mony which being found in any place , and not owned , belongeth to the King. Treated , ( French ) handled , also intertained . Tredeale , an Aspect of 108. d. Tree-nells , in Navigation are certain pins made of the heart of Oak , wherewith they fasten all the planks unto the Timbers . Trellis , ( French ) a Lattice , Grate , or Crosse bar . Tren , ( French ) a certain instrument , wherewith Marriners kill fish . Trenchant , ( French ) sharp , also bowing . Trentalls , ( French ) obsequies , dirges , or funeral songs . Trepan , a kinde of Chirurgions instrument . To Trepan , or Trapan , ( Ital. Trapolare ) to intrap , or insnare , but more especially in that manner , which is used by Whores and Ruffians . Trepidation , ( lat . ) a trembling . Trestle , a Trevet , or Stool with three feet . Triacle , a kind of Antidote against poison , called in Latin Theriaca . Triangular , ( lat . ) made in the fashion of a Triangle , i. a figure having 3 angles , or corners . Triarchie , ( Greek ) a government by three . Triarians , ( lat . ) one of the Orders of the Roman Souldiers , who were divided into Principes , Hastati , Triarii , and Velites . Tribe , ( lat . ) a kindred , family , or company dwelling in the same Ward . Tribunal , ( lat . ) a Judgements-seat . Tribune , ( lat . ) an Officer of great Authority among the Romans , of which there were two sorts , Tribunus Plebis , i. a Tribune of the people , and Tribunus Militum , i. a Tribune of the Souldiers . Tributary , ( lat . ) paying Tribute , i. money exacted out of mens Estates . Trica , the hair of Berenice . Tricennial , ( lat . ) of 30 years . Tricliniary , ( lat . ) belonging to a dining Room , or Parlour . Tricornous , ( lat . ) having 3 horns . Trichotomy , ( Greek ) a dividing into 3 parts . Trident , ( lat . ) a three forked instrument , but more peculiarly it is taken for that Mace , which the Poets faign to have been born by Neptune , as an Ensign of his command . Tridentine , ( lat . ) belonging to Trent , a Citie in the Countrey of Tyrol . Triduan , ( lat . ) continuing three dayes . Triennial , ( lat . ) continuing three years . Triental , ( lat . ) a Vessel containing half a pint , or the third part of a Sextary . Trieterick , ( Greek ) done every 3 year . Trifarious , ( lat . ) divided into three , or done three manner of wayes . Trifole , ( lat . ) a kinde of Plant , called three-leaved grasse ; also a resemblance of that Plant in Heraldry . Triform , ( lat . ) having three forms . Trifurcous , ( lat . ) three forked . Trigamist , ( Greek ) having three wives . Trigeminous , ( lat . ) three brought forth at a birth ; also treble , or threefold . Trigliph's , ( Greek ) a Term in Architecture , or Masonry , being certain Compartiments , or Borders graven like three furrow's . Trigonal , ( Greek ) having three angles , or corners . Trillo , ( Ital. ) a gracefull shake , or trembling of the voyce in singing . Trimenstruous , ( lat . ) of three moneths . Trinacria , the ancient name of the Island of Sicily , called also Triquetra , from its three Promontories Lilybaeum , Pachynum , and Pelorum . Trine , ( lat . ) belonging to the number 3. an Aspect of 120 d. thus marked Δ. Trinitarians , ( lat . ) a sort of Hereticks that deny the Mystery of the Trinity . Trinity , ( lat . ) the number three ; also the distinction of three persons in the Unity of the Godhead . Trinobantes , a certain people anciently inhabiting the East part of the Brittish Island . Tripontium , the ancient name of a Town in Northamptonshire , implying as much as a Town that hath three Bridges , and therefore it seemeth to be the same with that Town which is commonly called Torcester , which is cut through by three special channels , which have three several Bridges over them . Trinodal , ( lat . ) having three knots . Trinquet , ( French ) the highest sail or top-gallant of any ship ; it is also taken metaphorically for any gay trifling thing . Triobol●r , ( lat . ) as it were worth but three half pence , vile , little set by , or esteemed . Triours , in Common Law , are such as are chosen by the Court to examine whether a challenge made to any of the Pannel be just or no. Tripartite , ( lat . ) divided into three parts . Tripedal , or Tripedaneous , ( lat . ) containing three foot in measure . Triplicity , ( lat . ) a being treble or threefold ; whence Triplication , a trebling . Tripode , ( Greek ) a stool , or any thing that standeth upon three feet . Tripoly , a kind of Plant by some called Turbit , by others blew Camomile ; also a stone which being reduced to powder , is made use of by Lapidaries to polish their Jewels . Triptote , ( Greek ) a term in Grammar , being a Noun declined with three Cases . Tripudiation , ( lat . ) a trippling on the toe in a Dance . Trireme , ( lat . ) a Gally with three oares on each side . Mercurius Trismegistus , a famous Egyptian in ancient times , who was both a great Philosopher , Priest , and King. Trisulk , ( lat . ) three furrowed . Trisylla●ical , ( Greek ) consisting of three syllables . Trite , ( lat . ) worn , old , made common with much use . Tritheites , ( Greek ) a sort of Hereticks which held the Trinity to be divided into three distinct Godheades . Triticean , ( lat . ) made of wheat . Tritis , the immunity of a man dwelling in the Forrest from his attendance therein . Triton , a Sea Deity , the son of Neptune and Salacia , faigned by the Poets to have been the Trumpeter of Neptune . Trituration , ( lat . ) a threshing of Corn. Trivial , ( lat . ) scattered in the high-way , common , little esteemed or valued , from trivium , a place where three wayes meet . Triumphal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Triumph , i. a solemn shew at the return of a General from some noted Victory . See Ovation . Triumvirat , ( lat . ) an ancient Magistracy in Rome , wherein three men had an equal authority . Trochisk , ( Greek ) a certain medicinal composition made of powders , and formed round in fashion of a little wheel . Troglodytes , a people anciently inhabiting the farthest part of Aethiopia , of a fierce salvage nature dwelling in caves , and feeding upon raw flesh . Troilus , the son of Priamus and Hecuba , who venturing to fight with Hercules , was slain by him . Tromperie , ( French ) deceit , or cousenage . Trophy , ( Greek ) any thing set upon in token of victory . Trophonius , a certain Prophet inhabiting a Cave , called the Trophonian Den , into which who ever entred , became incapable of laughter . In this Cave there was an Oracle of Jupiter , who was thence called Jupiter Trophonius . Tropical , ( Greek ) belonging to a Trope , i. a kind of Rhetorical figure . Tropicks , ( from the Greek word trepein , i. to turn ) two imaginary circles of the Sphear , being the utmost bound , of the Suns course ; the one is called the Tropick of Cancer , the other the Tropick of Capricorn . Trosque , the same as Trochisk . Troy weight , in measuring , is an allowance of 12 ounces onely to the pound . Trover , in Common Law , is an action against him who having found another mans goods , refuseth to deliver them upon demand . Trowel , ( French ) an Instrument used by Masons to dawbe mortar withal . Truand , ( French ) a vagabond or lazy loytring fellow , a common beggar . Truchman , see Drogoman . Trucidation , ( lat . ) a cruel murdering . Truculent , ( lat . ) of a cruel , rough , or threatning countenance . Trullissation , ( lat . ) a plaistering with mortar . Truncation , ( lat . ) a lopping , maiming , or cutting short . Trunck , ( lat . ) a stock , stem , or body of a tree ; also a mans body having the head , arms , and legs cut away . Trutination , ( lat . ) a weighing or ballacing ; also a strict examining or considering well of a thing . T U Tube , ( lat . ) the pipe through which the marrow of the backbone runneth ; also any long pipe through which water or other liquid substance is conveyed . Tuberous , ( lat . ) having wenns or fleshy bunches ; also full of swellings . Tubicination , ( lat . ) a sounding of a Trumpet , Pipe , or Cornet . Tubulation , ( lat . ) a making hollow like a pipe . Tudiculation , ( lat . ) a bruising or pounding with Smiths hammers . Tuel , among Hunters , the fundament of any beast . Tuition , ( lat . ) a protecting , guarding , or safe keeping . Tulipant , a Shash or Wreath worn by the Indians instead of a Hat. Tullia , the daughter of Servius Tullius , who being married to Tarquinius Superbus , incited her Husband to kill her Father , that he might injoy the Kingdom himself . Tullus Hostilius , a warlike King of the Romans , who was the first that ordained tribute and custom and most of the Ensigns of authority used among the Romans , as the Sella curulis , toga picta , and P●ae●exta . Tu●brel , a certain Engin for the punishing of sco●ds , called also a cucking-stool . Tumefaction , ( lat . ) a causing to swell . Tumid , ( lat . ) puft up or swollen . Tumour , ( lat . ) a swelling or rising of the flesh . Tumulation , ( lat . ) a burying or intombing . Tumultuary , ( lat . ) done in haste , suddenly , or without advice . Tun , a certain liquid measure containing 252 gallons . Tunicle , ( lat ) a little coat ; also a membrane or thin skin , covering any part of the body : there are four especially which cover the eye , the Corneal or Horny , the Uveal , the Vitreal or glassy , and the Christalline , and to each of these there are foure humours answerable . And four that cover the cods , the Scrotum , the Erythroides , the Epididymis , and one other which is called Dartos . Tunnocellum , the ancient name of a Town in Northumberland , by Camden thought to be the same with that which we now call Tinmouth , q the mouth of the River Tine , where the first Cohort Aelia Classica was in pay for Sea-service . This Town hath a very strong Castle , which Robert Mowbray Earle of Northumberland holding against King William Rufus , was therein closely besieged and taken prisoner . Turbant , a certain Wreath or Ornament for the head used among the Turks and other Oriental Nations instead of Hats ; it is made of a shash or whole piece of linnen called Telbent , and the Turbant it self is called by the Turks Saruck . Tur●ary , an interest to dig turfs upon a Common . Turbervills , the sirname of a very considerable Family , who have had their ancient habitation at Bere in Dorcetshire ; they are stiled in Latin Records , De Turbida Villa . Turbination , ( lat . ) the fashioning of a thing small at the bottom , and broad above like a top . Turbin●ous , ( lat . ) belonging to a storm or whirl-wind . Turbith , a kind of plant called Tripoly ; also a red Mineral , which being beaten to powder , is used in physick . Turbot , a kind of fish called in Greek Rhombus . Turbulent , ( lat . ) busie , troublesome , sedi●ious . Turgescence , ( lat . ) a swelling up , or growing big . Turgid , or Turgent , ( lat . ) swelling , rising , puft up . T●rgy , ( in Greek Th●urgia ) a conference with good Angels ; it is also called white Magick . Turingia , a Country of Saxony , once a Kingdom , now a Landgraviat ; it lyeth upon the Rivers Sala and Werra , and hath the Hercynian Wood on the North : the chief City of this Country is called Erdfordia . Turneament , see Tournement . Turnsole , a kind of colour used in painting . Turpentine , ( Greek terebinthina ) a kind of Gum or Rosin distilling from the Larch tree . Turpitude , ( lat . ) filthinesse , basenesse , sordidnesse . Turriferous , ( lat . ) bearing Towers . Tuscane work , in Architect●re , one of the five sorts of pillars . See Corinthian . Tuscia , a Country of Italy , lying between the Rivers Ti●er and Macra ; it was anciently called Tyrrh●nia , from Tyrrhenus the son of A●ys ; also Hetruria and Toscany , from Tusculus ( as some say ) the son of Hercules . Tutelary , ( lat . ) having the guard , custody , or protection , of any thing . Tutia , a Vestal Virgin , who being accused of incest , would not fly to any man for her absolution , but putting a sive into the River Tybur , prayed to Vesta that if she were free , she might have power to carry water in it to her Temple , which was immediately performed . Tutie , ( lat . ) the dust or foile of brasse , growing together into a kind of stone which is much used in physick . Tutilina , a certain goddesse among the Romans , who was said to have the care and protection of Corn. Tuisco , a certain Idol adored by the ancient Germans , thought by some to be the same with Mercury : from this Idol Tuesday took its denomination , and the people were called Duytsh people . T W Twibil , ( Dutch ) a Carpenters Instrument to make mortise-holes withal . Twilight , ( Dutch ) the time betwixt day and night , the dusk of the morning or evening . Twight , ( Sax. ) pulled . To Twyer , ( Sax. ) to sing . T Y Tybur , a City not far from Rome , built as some say by Catillus the Arcadian the Admiral of Euander ; ●thers by Tyburtus the grandchild of Amphiaraus : it is now called Tivoli . Tydeus , the son of Oeneus King of Caledonia , he having slain his brother Menalippus , fled to Adrastus , whose daughter Delphile he married ; afterwards being sent by Polynices to his brother Eteocles , King of Thebes , he overcame all his guests at several Combats ; whereupon at his return they set 50 young men to lie in wait for him under the command of Maeon the son of Aemon , and Lycophon the son of Autophonus , who were all slain by him except Maeon , whom he sent back to carry news of the others deaths : at length he was mortally wounded by one Menalippus a Theban . Tymnaetes , a great Prophet , the son of Priamus and Aristia . Tympanist , he that playeth upon a Tymbrel , Taber , or Drum , called Tympanum . Tympany , ( Greek ) a kind of disease wherein the body becomes swollen up with wind , a dropsie . Tyndarus , a King of Oebalia , whose wife Leda brought fourth two egges , in one whereof was contained Pollux and Helena , in the other Castor and Clytemnestra . Type , ( Greek ) see Typical . Typhoeus , the son of Titan and Terra , a Gyant of a very vast bignesse , who going to make War with Jupiter , was by him struck with Thunder . Typhon , a King of Aegypt , who killing his brother Osiris , and cutting him into several pieces , dispersed him through divers Countreys . Typical , ( Greek ) bearing a Type , i. an example , figure , likenesse , or shadow of any thing . Typographer , ( Greek ) a Printer . Tyrannicide , ( Greek ) the killing of a Tyrant , or cruel Governour . Tyrconel , a County of Ireland , in the Province of Vlster . Tyre , a famous Citie of Phoenicia , anciently called Sarra , which in the Phoenician language signifieth a fish , that place abounding with a kind of shell-fish , the liquour whereof coloureth of a purple dye . Tyro , a Thessalian Virgin , the daughter of Salmoneus and Alcidice , after the death of her own mother , she was very harshly dealt with by her mother in law Sidero , she being got with child by Neptune ( who lay with her in the shape of Enipeus , with whom she was in love ) brought forth twins , Pelias and Neleus , and afterwards being married to her Uncle Cretheus , she brought forth Aeson , Amythaon , and Pheres . Tyrociny , ( lat . ) an apprentiship , or new beginning in any Art or Faculty ; but more peculiarly Military discipline , from Tyron , a rawe young souldier , one newly entred into the Art of war. Tyrrheni , a people inhabiting Tuscia or Tyrrhenia , being that part of Italy which lieth upon the Sea , called from thence the Tyrrhen Sea. V A VAcation , or Vacancy , ( lat . ) a being at leasure , or ceasing from businesse . It is also commonly taken for that time which is between one Tearm and another . Vaccary , in divers Statutes is taken for a place to keep Cows in ; also a certain compasse of ground within the Forrest of Ashdown . Vacchoris , an ancient King of Egypt , who relinquisht all his riches and state , to live a private austere life . Vacillation , ( lat . ) a wavering , tottering or inconstancy . Vacive , ( lat . ) void , empty . Vacuity , ( lat . ) emptinesse , voidnesse . Vacuna , a certain goddesse among the ancient Romans , to whom the Husbandmen sacrificed at such times as they rested from their labours . Vadimony , ( lat . ) suretiship . Vafrous , ( lat . ) crafty , or subtile . Vagabond , ( lat . ) a wandering beggar , or idle fellow . Vagation , ( lat . ) a straying or wandering up and down Vagination , ( lat . ) a sheathing . To Vail-bonnet , to strike sail in token of submission ; also to put off ones Hat , or give any sign of respect . Vaire , a term in Blazon , being a Fur composed of 4 distinct colours , i. argent , gules , Or , and sable . Valasca , a certain Queen of the Bohemians , who having made a conspiracy to shake off the dominion of men , raised a great Army of women , and having overcome the men , reigned a good while like a Queen of the Amazons . Valdombreux , a certain religious Order of men instituted by Gualbert a Florentine , who betook himself to a private studious life in a place called Valdombre , or the shady Vale. Valect , see Valet . Valdo , a certain pious man , who was the first institutour of the Waldenses in Piemont . Valentine , a certain Roman Bishop , in remembrance of whom every fourteenth day of February is solemnized ; about which time birds choose their mates ; whence ariseth the custom of choosing Valentines upon that day . Valentinians , a sect of Hereticks instituted by one Valentinianus . Valerius , the name of divers famous men among the Romans , the chief whereof was called Valer●us Publicola , who Triumphed over the Vei●ntes and the Sabines , and because having built him a house in a very strong place , he was suspected of affecting Tyranny , he caused his house to be pulled down . Valet , ( French ) the Groom of a chamber ; also a young Gentleman under age . Valetudinary , ( lat . ) sickly , also Subst . an Hospital , or place to keep sick people in . Validity , ( lat . ) strength , power , for e. Valtorts , the sirname of a very noble Family , who had their ancient residence at Saltash in Cornwall ; they are stiled in Latin Records , De valle to●ta . Vambrace , or Vanbrace , ( French ) a Gantlet . Vancurriers , or Vaunteourers , ( French ) forerunners . Vandelbiria , the ancient name of a place in Camebridgeshire , so called for that in times past the Vandalls or Danes , there encamped themselves with a Trench and Rampire ; it is thought to have been the same with that which is now called Wandlesbury . Vaniloq●ence , ( lat . ) a talking or babling vainly . V●ntguard , ( French ) the foremost part of an Army in battle . Vantrarius , a corrupt Latin word , used as a Law-term onely upon this occasion , Sir Richard Rockes●y , held Lands at Seaton by Sergeanty to be Vantrarius Regis donec perusus fuerit Pari solutarum pretii 4d. i. e. to be fore-footman to the King at some certain time , e. g. when he goeth into Gascoign , un●il he had worn out a pair of shooes prized 4d. Vapid , ( lat . ) casting forth an ill smack or savour . Vaporation , ( lat . ) an exhaling or sending forth of vapours , i. certain fumes or smoake drawn out of the earth by the heat of the Sun , and easily resolvable into water . Vapulation , ( lat . ) a being scourged or beaten . Variegation , ( lat . ) a beautifying with various colours . Varnish , is that wherewith a picture is rubbed over to make it shine and have a glosse ; there is also a ground or varn●sh which is laid upon a plate that is to be etched . Varry , ( French ) in Heraldry is a mixture of argent and azure together . Varry cuppy , a term also of Heraldry , signifying a Fur of cups ; it is also called Varry tassa , or Meire . Varvells , ( French ) little rings of silver about hawks legs , having the owners name ingraven on them . Vasiferous , ( lat . ) carrying a vessel . Vassal , in Common Law is he that holdeth land in fee of his Lord ; it is also taken for a Slave , or Inferiour Servant . Vastation , ( lat . ) a wasting , or destroying . Vastity , ( lat . ) excessive bignesse , hugenesse , or vastnesse of stature . Vatican Hill , one of the seven Hills of Rome , whereon there standeth a famous Palace and Library , built by Pope Sixtus the fourth . Vaticination , ( lat . ) a prophesying , or telling of things to come . Vavasours , or Valvasours , those that in degree are next unto Barons . Vaudevil , ( French ) a Countrey ballade , roundelay , or song , it is also called a Virelay . Vauntlay , in Hunting , is the setting of Hounds in a readinesse , where the chace is to passe . Vawmure , an ancient word , signifying a Bulwark , or Outwork for defence . Vaward , see Vanguard . Vayvode , a Prince , or chief Ruler in Transilvania , and some of those Northern parts . U B Vberty , ( lat . ) store , plenty , fertility . Vbiquitarians , a Sect of Hereticks , holding Christs body as well as his Godhead to be every where . Vbiquity , ( lat . ) a being in all places at one time . V E Vecordy , ( lat . ) unsoundnesse of minde , dotage , stupidity . Vectarious , ( lat . ) belonging to a Waggon , or carriage . Vection , ( lat . ) a carrying . To Veer , in Navigation , to put out more rope , or more sheat . Vegetable , Vegetal , or Vegetive , ( Lat. ) living after the manner of Plants and Minerals , indued with vigour , moisture and growth . Vehicular , ( lat . ) belonging to a Vehicle , i. a Cart , Wagon , or Coach , or any thing whereby another is carried , or conveyed . A Vein is defined by Anatomists to be a common Organ of the body , round , and oblong apted for the conveyance of bloud and natural spirits through all the parts , and according to the several parts , it passeth through , it taketh several Denominations , as the Basilick vein , that which passeth from the Liver through the inward processe of the arm , the Cephalick the head vein , the Coeliacal , that which runs into the blinde Gut , the Cystick , that which runs up toward the Neck of the Gall , the Epigastrick , the flank veins Gastroepiploick , that which spreads it self through the bottom of the Ventricle , Intercostal , those which run through the upper Ribs . Port vein , that which is rooted in the Liver , and from thence passeth into the Ventricle , Mesentery , and other parts . Ranular , that which ascends from the Throat to the tongue . Salvatel , that which from the Liver runnes through the wrist into the hand ; Saphaena that which runnes through the inward part of the Legge to the Ankle . Subclavicular , a branch of the hollow vein , which runnes under the Neck bone . Thymick , a branch of the Subclavicular . Torcular , that which ascends by the inside of the scull to the brain . Velification , ( lat . ) a hoising of sayls . Velites , ( lat . ) the light armed Souldiers among the Romans , see Triani , whence Velitation , a light skirmishing . Velivolent , ( lat . ) flying as it were with full sayl . Vellication , ( lat . ) a plucking , twitching , or giving a sudden pull . In Physick they are said to be certain convulsions that happen in the Fibers of the Muscles . Velocity , ( lat . ) swiftnesse . Venality , ( lat . ) a setting to sale , a being saleable . Venatick , or Venatorious , ( lat . ) belonging to hunting , or chacing . Vendible , ( lat . ) saleable , fit for sale . Vendication , ( a challenging to ones self , a claiming . Venditation , ( lat . ) ostentation , a bragging , or vain setting forth of ones self . Vendition , ( lat . ) a selling . Venedotia , the ancient name of all that part of Wales , which is otherwise called Guinethia , or N●rthwales . Venefick , or Veneficious , ( lat . ) belonging to Venefice , i. the art of making poysons ; also witchcraft , or sorcery . Venenous , ( lat . ) venemous , or full of poyson . Veneration , ( lat . ) a reverencing , or worshipping . Venereal , or Venereous , ( lat . ) given to Venery , i. lust , or carnal desires . Venereal disease , ( lat . Morbus Gallicus , or Lues Venerea ) a certain virulent , and contagious disposition of the body , contracted by immoderate Venerie , or coupling with unsound persons ; it is vulgarly called the French Pox. Venetiae , a famous Citie of Italy , built in the year 421. upon certain Islands of the Adriatick Sea , 60 in number , by the inhabitants of Aquileia and Pavia , who fled thither for fear of the Huns ; it is now become a great Common wealth , and hath large Territories , both in Italy and other places . Venew , in Common-law , is taken for a a neighbouring , or near place . Venial , ( lat . ) worthy of pardon , or forgivenesse ; whence in Theologie they make a distinction between mortal sins , and Venial sins . Vent , ( lat . ) a winde , or breath ; also a place for aire to come in , and out at . Venta Belgarum , the ancient name of Winchester , a pleasant Citie in Hantshire , called by the Brittains Caer Guente , by the Saxons Windanceaster , and by the vulgar Latins Wintonia ; Venta giveth name also unto two other Towns , Caster in Northfolk , called Venta Icenorum , and Caerwent in Monmouthshire , called Venta Silurum . Ventelet , ( Dimin . ) a small gale of winde . Ventiduct , ( lat . ) a conveyance of winde by pipes , or otherwayes . Ventilation , ( lat . ) a fanning , or gathering of winde ; also a winnowing of Corn. Ventosity , ( lat . ) windinesse . Ventricle , ( lat . ) the stomack ; it is also taken for any round concavity of the body . Ventriloquy , ( lat . ) a speaking inwardly , or as it were from the belly . Venundation , ( lat . ) a buying , or selling . Venus , ( lat . ) the goddesse of love , pleasures , and delights , whom the Poets faign to have sprung out of the foam of the Sea , after that the Testicles of Caelus had been cut off , and thrown in by Saturn , whence she was called Aphrodite ; also the name of one of the seven Planets , or wandring Stars . Ven●station , ( lat . ) a making handsome , or beautifull . Veracity , ( lat . ) a saying truth . Verbal , ( lat . ) consisting of words , or delivered onely in words . Verbatim , ( lat . ) word for word . Verbeia , a certain goddesse , among the ancient Brittains , to whom the Captain of the second Cohort of the Lingones erected an Altar near Ilekly in York-shire , she is thought by Cambden to have been the Nymph , or goddesse of the River Wherf , which was also anciently called Verbeia . Verberation , ( lat . ) a beating , or strikeing . Verb●sity , ( lat . ) a being full of words . Verecund , ( lat . ) shamefaced , modest , bashfull . Verdant , ( lat . ) green , fresh , flourishing . Verderer , ( lat . ) Viridarius ) a judiciall Officer of the Kings Forrest , who receives and inrols the attachments of all manner of trespasses of the Forrest of Vert and Venison . Verdie , or Verdea , a kinde of rich Italian wine . Verdict , the answer of a Jury , or Inquest , made upon any cause , Civil , or Criminal committed by the Court to their consideration , or tryal . Verdigrease , ( lat . ) Aerugo ) a green substance taken from the rust of Brasse , or Copper . Verditure , a green colour among Painters . Verdoy , a Term in Heraldry , when a bordure is charged with leaves , fruits , and flowrs , and other the like vegetables Verdure , ( French ) greennesse . Verge , ( French ) a rod , wand , or Sergeants Mace ; also the compasse about the Kings Court , that bounds the Jurisdiction of the Lord Steward of the Kings houshold , and of the Coroner of the Kings house , and is accounted twelve miles compasse ; also a rod whereby one is admitted Tenant holding it in his hand , and swearing ●●alty to the Lord of the Mannour , and for that cause is called Tenant by the Verge . Vergobert , ( French ) a chief Officer , or Magistrate among the ancient Hedui . Veridical , ( lat . ) telling , or speaking truth . Veriloquent , ( lat . ) the same . Verisimility , ( lat . ) the probability , or likelyhood of a thing . Vermiculate , ( lat . ) worm-eaten ; also imbroidered with several colours . Vermillion , ( French ) a ruddy or deep red colour . Vermination , ( lat . ) a certain disease wherein worms are bred , and cause a griping of the guts . Vermiparous , ( lat . ) breeding or bringing forth worms . Vernaccia , a kind of Italian Wine . Vernaculous , ( lat . ) proper and peculiar to a Country . Vernal , or Vernant , ( lat . ) flourishing or belonging to the Spring . Vernility , ( lat . ) servilenesse , or slavery . Verona , a famous City of Italy , built as some say , by Brennus the Gaul , heretofore governed by the Family of the Scaligeri , and now under the jurisdiction of the Venetians . Verrey , a term in Heraldry , the same as Varry , i. Fur consisting of Or and Azure , or Or and Vert. Verrucous , ( lat . ) full of warts or little excrescences of the flesh . Versatile , ( lat . ) apt to be wound or turned any way . Versation , ( lat . ) a turning or winding to and again . Versicle , ( lat . ) a little verse or sentence . Versification , ( lat . ) a making of verses . Version , ( lat . ) a translation or turning out of one language into another . Vert , in Heraldry , a green colour ; but in the Forrest Laws , it is every thing that grows and beares a green leaf within the Forrest that may cover and hide a Deer . Verterae , a Town of ancient memory in Westmoreland , where in the Romans time a Captain kept his residence with a Band of the Directores ; this place remaineth yet a poor village , called Burgus sub Saxeto , or Burgh under Stanmore . Vertical point , in Astronomy , is that point of the Heavens which is directly over ones head . Vertiginous , ( lat . ) troubled with a Vertigo , i. a swimming or giddinesse in the head . Vertumnus , a certain Deity worshipt by the ancient Latins who could change himself into all formes . See Pomona . Vervain , a kind of herb called in Latin Verbena , anciently used about sacred rites and ceremonies . Vervecine , ( lat . ) belonging to a weather . Vervise , a kind of cloth otherwise called plonkets . Verulamium , by Ptolomy called Vrolanium , the name of a City heretofore of very great repute in Hertfordshire , the ruines whereof appear at this day , near unto Saint Albans ; the Saxons termed it Watlingacester , from the famous highway commonly called Watling-street , and also Werlamceaster . Very Lord and very tenant , in Common Law , are those that are immediate Lord and Tenant to one another . Vesanous , ( lat . ) mad , furious , outragious . Vesculent , ( lat . ) to be eaten , fit for food . Vesicatory , ( lat . ) a Cupping-glasse ; also a sharp plaister or ointment applied to raise blisters in the skin . Vesicle , ( lat . ) a little bladder . Vespers , evening-song , prayers said about evening time . Vespertine , ( lat . ) belonging to the evening . Vespilone , ( lat . ) one who in the time of a great sicknesse carryeth forth dead bodies in the night time to be buried . Vesta , the daughter of Saturn and Ops , taken ofttimes by the Poets for the earth and sometimes for the fire , in honour of whom Numa Pompilius instituted many Rites and Ceremonies , and conscecrated to her service certain Virgins called Vestalls , who were to take care of the Vestal fire , which when it went out , was not to be kindled by any earthly fire , but to be renewed by the beams of the Sun. They were injoyned to preserve their virginity inviolable so long as they remained in the service of the goddesse , and who ever was found faulty among them was buried alive . Vestiary , ( lat . ) a Wardrope or place to lay clothes or apparrel in . Vestible , ( lat . ) a porch or entry . Vestigation , ( lat . ) a seeking any one by the print of their foot , a searching diligently . Vestige , ( lat . ) a footstep , or print of any ones foot . Vestment , or Vesture , ( lat . ) a garment , clothing , or attire . Vetation , ( lat . ) a forbidding . Veteran , ( lat . ) old , serving long in any place or office . Veteratorian , ( lat . ) crafty , experienced . Veterine , ( lat . ) belonging to carriages or burthens . Vexillary , ( lat . ) belonging to an Ensign or Standard ; also subst . a Standarn-bearer . U F Vfens , a Captain of the Aequicolae who came to assist Turnus against Aeneas , and was slain by Gyas a Trojan . Vffkines , a name anciently given to the successours of Vffa , the first King of the E●st-English ; they were vassals sometimes to the King of M●rcia , sometimes to the Kings of Kent . V I Via combusta , the last 15 degrees of Libra , and the first 15 degrees of Scorpio . Vial , ( lat . Phiala ) a pot or glasse with a wide mouth . Viand , ( French ) meat , food , victuals . Viatick , ( lat . ) belonging to a journey , or travelling by the high way ; also subst . provision or things necessary for a journey . Viatorian , ( lat . ) belonging to travellers . Vibius Virius , a Citizen of Capua , who causing that City to revolt to Hannibal , and being besieged by the Romans poisoned himself , and perswaded many of the Senatours to do the like . Vibration , ( lat . ) a shaking or winding about , a brandishing . Vibrissation , ( lat . ) a quavering , or shaking of the voice in singing . Vicenarious , or Vicesimal , ( lat . ) belonging to twenty , or the twentieth in number . Viceroy , ( French ) a Deputy-King , one that governs in the place of a King. Vicinity , ( lat . ) neighbourhood , nearnesse . Vicissitude , ( lat . ) a changing , or succeeding by turns . Vicount , ( lat . Vicecomes ) a kind of Magistrate , being the same as a Sheriff ; also a Nobleman next in degree unto an Earle . Victime , ( lat . ) a sacrifice or oblation . Victour , ( lat . ) an Overcomer or Conquerour . Vidame , ( lat . Vicedominus ) the Judge of a Bishops temporal jurisdiction , being originally the same to a Bishop , as a Vicount to an Earle . Viduation , ( lat . ) a depriving , making desolate , putting into the estate of Viduity or Widdow-hood . The Vies or Devizes , a Castle in Wiltshire , once a very stately and magnificent Structure , built at the vast expences of Roger Bishop of Salsbury in the reign of King Stephen ; it is called in Latin by some Divisio , by others Divisae . View , signifieth in Hunting the print of a fallow Deers foot upon the ground . Viewers , in Common Law , those that are sent by the Court to take view of any place in question , for the better decision of the right ; also upon other occasions , as of a man in case of sicknesse or of an offence . Vigone , ( French ) a Demicaster , or a kind of Hat made of the wool of a beast so called . Vigorous , ( lat . ) full of vigour , i. strength , courage , lustinesse . To Vilifie , ( lat . ) to set light by , to disesteem , to make of no value . To Vilipend , ( lat . ) the same . Vility , ( lat . ) cheapnesse , a being base , or of little worth . Villenage , in common Law , is a servile Kind of Tenure such as Villeins , i. bondmen , are fittest to performe : but there are several sorts of Villenage , not every one that holdeth in Villenage being a servant or bondman . Viminal , ( lat . ) belonging to Osier twigs . Vincible , ( lat . ) to be overcome , or vanquished . Vincture , ( lat . ) a tying or binding . Vindelicia , a Country of Germany , bounded on each side with Rhaetia , Noricum , Danubius , and the Alps. Vindemial , or Vindemiatory , ( lat . ) belonging to a Vintage , i. a Vine-harvest , or gathering of grapes . Vindication , ( lat . ) a revenging or punishing , also a delivering or saving from danger . Vindonum , the chief City , anciently of the Segontiaci , a people of Hantshire ; it was called by the old Brittains , Britenden , now Silecester . Vinitorian , ( lat . ) belonging to the keeping of Vines , Vinyards , or Wine . Vinolent , ( lat . ) savouring of Wine , given to drink Wine . Violation , ( lat . ) a defiling , misusing ; also a transgressing . Viperine , ( lat . ) belonging to vipers , being a sort of venemous Serpent in some hot Countries . Virago , ( lat . ) a manly or couragious woman . Virason , a cool gale of wind . Virbius , the son of Theseus and Hippolyta , called also Hippolytus ; it signifies twice a man. Virelay , see Vaudevill . Virge , certain rayes obliquely striking through a cloud , and signifying rain . Virginalls , a certain musical Instrument commonly known . Virgo , ( lat . ) one of the 12 Signs of the Zodiack , being phancy'd to bear the resemblance of a Maid or Virgin. Virgult , ( lat . ) a twig or company of young shoots or sprigs growing together . Viriatus , a famous Portughese , who from a Hunter and noted Robber became at last a great Commander ; he overthrew the two Roman Pretors Ventidius and Plancius , but at last was vanquished by a Consular Army , and slain treacherously by the counsel of Caepio . Viridity , ( lat . ) greennesse , also lustynesse , strength , freshnesse . Virility , ( lat . ) mans estate , manlinesse ; also ability to perform the part of a man in the act of generation . Viripotent , ( lat . ) ripe for man. Virtuoso , ( Ital. ) a man accomplisht in vertuous Arts and Ingenuitie . Virulent , ( lat . ) full of venome or deadly poison . Visceral , ( lat . ) belonging to the bowels of any creature . Vicidity , or Viscosity , ( lat . ) a clamminesse , a sticking to any thing like glue or birdlime . Visibility , ( lat . ) an aptnesse to be seen or discerned . Visier , a Viceroy or chief Statesman among the Turks . Vision , ( lat . ) a seeing or discerning . Vistula , a famous River , vulgarly called Wixel , running out of the Carpathian Hill , and dividing Germany from Europaean Sarmatia . Visual , ( lat . ) belonging to the sight . Vital , ( lat . ) belonging to , or sustaining life . Vitation , ( lat . ) a shunning or avoiding . Vitelline , ( lat . ) resembling the yolk of an egge . Vitemberga , the City of Wittenbergh in Germany . Vitiation , ( lat . ) a corrupting or defiling ; also a deflowring . Vitiferous , ( lat . ) bearing vines . Vitoldus , a cruel Tyrant of Lithuania , who carried with him a bow and arrows wheresoever he went killing whomsoever he had a mind to kill , though upon never so slight an occasion , making it his chiefest sport and recreation . Vitreal , or Vitrine , ( lat . ) belonging to , or made of glasse . Vitrification , ( lat . ) a making of glasse . Vitriolous , ( lat . ) belonging to Vitriol , i. a kind of middle substance between stone and mettal , called also Copperass . Vituline , ( lat . ) belonging to a Calf . Vituperation , ( lat . ) a blaming , reprehending , or dispraising . Vivacity , ( lat . ) livelinesse , lustinesse , vigour . Vivification , ( lat . ) an enlivening , reviving , quickning . Viviparous , ( lat . ) bringing their young alive . U L Vladislaus , a King of Hungaria , who was slain in a great battle against the Turks ; also the name of several other Kings of Hungaria and Bohemia . Vlceration , ( lat . ) a bli●●ering or breaking out into an ulcer or running sore . Vliginous , ( lat . ) plashy , wet , full of standing water . Vlisses , the son of Laertes and Anticlea , he married Penelope the daughter of Icarius , by whom he had Telemachus ; he was by Palamedes forced against his will to go to the wars of Troy where he proved very serviceable to the Greeks by reason of his great subtilty ; for he brought Achilles to them who had hid himself among the daughters of Lycomed ; He stole away the ashes of Laomedon which were kept in one of the gates of the City ; He took away the Palladium , and with the help of Diomed slew King Rhaesus and brought away his white horses ; He by a wile caused Palamed to whom he bore a grudge , to be stoned to death , and after Achilles was slain , he was preferred before Ajax by the common sentence of the Greeks , to have his armes : after the wars of Troy , intending to sail back to his own Country , he was cast by tempest together with his companions upon unknown Regions ; being cast upon Aeolia , he obtained of Aeolus the winds in a bottle , which was broken by his companions thinking there had been a treasure concealed in it ; next coming to the Country of the Laestrigones , his companions were changed into beasts by Circe , whom he compelled to restore them to their former shapes , and lying with her he begat Telegonus ; having scap't the charms of the Syrens , his companions were afterward cast away for killing the flocks of Phaethusa the daughter of the Sun , and he onely escaping , was cast uppon Ogygia and intertained by Calypso , on whom he begat Nausithous and Nausinous ; at length he was intertained by Nausicaa the daughter of Al●inous King of the Phaeacenses , and his wife Arete , he obtained of them a new ship and attendants , with whom he arrived safe at Ithaca , where he slew all his rivals , and was himself slain unknown by his son Telegonus . Vlophone , a kind of plant called the black Chamaeleon thistle ; it is also called Vervilago . Vle-games , Christmas games or sports , from the French word Noel , i. Christmass , or the Latin jubilum . Vl●ter , a Province in Ireland , which containeth these following Counties , Louth , Cavon , Fermanagh , Monaghan , Armagh , Doun , Antrim , Londonderry , Tir Owen , Tirconel . Vltimate , ( lat . ) the last , extream , or utmost . Vltion , ( lat . ) a revenging . Vltramarin , ( lat . ) beyond the Seas ; also a kind of colour used in painting . Vltramundane , ( lat . ) being beyond the visible World. Vlulation , ( lat . ) a howling like a dog or wolf . U M Vmber , a kind of beast ; also a dark yellowish colour used in painting . Vmbilical , ( lat . ) belonging to the navel . Vmbrage , ( French ) a shadow , also suspition , also a pretence . Vmbragious , Vmbratical , or Vmbratile , ( Fr. Lat. ) shady , covert , obscure . Vmbrello , ( Ital. ) a great broad fan or skreen , which in hot Countries people hold over their heads to keep off the heat of the Sun. Vmple , a word used in some ancient Statutes for fine Lawn . U N Vnanimity , ( lat . ) a being of one mind or will , a consenting or according together . Vncial , ( lat . ) containing an ounce or inch . Vnction , ( lat . ) an anointing with oil , or any oily substance . Vncouth , ( Sax. ) unknown in Common Law , it is more peculiarly taken for one for whom his Host is not bound to answer for any offence committed by him , he being not counted a guest till the third night . Vndation , ( lat . ) a waving or rising of waves . Vnder●ide , ( Sax. ) the evening time . Vndulate , ( lat . ) Chamolet wrought , or painted like waves . Vndulation of the air , the waving of the air to and fro . Vneth , ( old word ) scarse , difficult . Vnguent , ( lat . ) an ointment or liquid salve . Vnicornous , ( lat . ) having but one horn . Vniformity , ( lat . ) a being of one and the same form , figure , and fashion . Vnion , ( lat . ) a joyning together , a growing into one ; also a kind of pearl growing in couples ; also a combining of two Churches in one , which is done by the consent of the Bishop , Patron , and Incumbent . Vniparous , ( lat . ) bringing forth one onely at a birth . Vnison , ( French ) an agreement of two notes in one tone . Vnity , ( lat . ) a being one in substance or in mind , union , concord . Vnity of possession , in Common Law , is a joynt possession of two rights by several titles . It is called by Civilians consolidatio usus fructus . Vniversal , ( lat . ) general , extending to all . Vniversity , ( lat . ) in the Civil Law , is taken for a body politique or corporation ; also an Academy . Vniversity Colledge , the most ancient Colledge of Oxford , begun by King Aelfred who founded this Academy , and reedified by William Arch-deacon of Durham . Vnivocal , ( lat . ) consisting of one voice , name , or sound ; in Logick it is , when under one name one thing is signified . Vnkennel , To unkennel a Fox , that is to drive or force him from his hole . Vnselinesse , ( Sax. ) unhappinesse . Vnweather , ( Sax. ) a storm or tempest . V O Vocabulary , ( lat . ) a Dictionary or Index of words . Vocal , ( lat . ) belonging to , or consisting in the voice . Vocation , ( lat . ) a profession , calling , or course of life . Vociferation , ( lat . ) a putting forth the voice , a crying out , or exclaiming . Voculation , ( lat . ) a giving a word its right tone or accent . Vogue , ( French ) powr , swey , authority . Voidance , a want of an incumbent upon a benefice . Voider , a Term in Heraldry , being an Ordinary , consisting of an Archline moderate bowing from the corner of the chief toward the Nombrill of the Escotcheon . Voiding , a Term in Heraldry , being an exemption of some part of the inward substance of things voidable , by reason whereof the field is transparent through the charge . Vo●sinage , ( French ) neighbourhood . Volant , or Volatical , ( lat . ) flying , or passing swiftly away . Volatil , ( lat . ) a Term in Chimystry , unfixt , apt to evaporate . Volitation , ( lat . ) a flying often . Volta , ( Ital. ) a course , or turn in riding or in dancing . Volubility , ( lat . ) facility , or aptnesse in turning about , or changing ; also a quick and easie delivery in speech , or pronunciation . Voluntary , ( lat . ) done willingly , without force , or constraint . Voluptuous , ( lat . ) given to pleasures , or delights . Volutation , ( lat . ) a tumbling , rolling , or wallowing . Volutina , a certain goddesse among the Romans , who according to Varro was said to be the overseer of the little cups , or sheaths of Corn , wherein the Grain is inclosed , which in Latin is called Involucrum , as Hostilina was to take care that the Corn was supplied with new ears , which is called in Latin Exaequatio , or Hostimentum . Vomanus , a River of Picenum in Italy . Vomition , ( lat . ) a vomiting , or spewing . Voracity , ( lat . ) greedinesse , gluttony , aptnesse to devour . Voraginous , ( lat . ) swallowing up like a Vorago , i. a Whirlpool , Gulf , or Quagmire . Voration , ( lat . ) a devouring . Votary , ( lat . ) he that binds himself to the performance favour . Voucher , in Common-law , is a calling of one into the Court to warrant , or make good Lands bought with warranty , for the secure injoying thereof against all men . Vowel , a letter which soundeth of it self , without the help of a consonant . U R Vrania , see Muses . Vranoscopy , ( Greek ) a viewing , or contemplating of the heavens . Vrbanity , ( lat . ) the fashion of the City , civility , courtesie , gentlenesse in speech , or behaviour . Vreter , ( Greek ) the passage of the Urine from the Reins to the Bladder . Vricornium , in old times a very famous Citie , and the principal in Shropshire , built by the Romans , the Saxons called it Wrekencoaster , from the Hill Wreken , near which it stood , it is now but a poor Village , and called Wreckceter , or Wroxcester . Vrim and Thummim , ( Hebrew , lights and perfections ) 12 precious stones in the breast-plate of the High-priest , which shon like the flame of fire . Vrinator , ( lat . ) a diver , or swimmer under water . Vrn , ( lat . ) a certain Vessel among the ancients , where the ashes of dead bodies that had been burnt were kept , hence it is taken for any grave , or sepulcher , it signifieth also a certain liquid measure , containing two gallons and a pottle . Vroscopy , ( Gr. ) an inspection of Urines , commonly called a casting of water . Vrsa Major , the great Bear , a constellation in the heaven . Vrsine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Bear. Vrsula , the proper name of a woman , signifying in Latin , a little she Bear. Vre , ( Greek , from Oros a mountain ) a kinde of wilde Oxe . U S Vsquebagh , a strong liquour used among the Irish , signifying in that language as much as Aqua vitae . Vstion , ( lat . ) a burning . Vstulation , ( lat . ) the same , also a curling with hot irons . Vsufructuary , ( lat . ) reaping the profit of that thing , whose propriety belongs to another . Vsury , ( lat . ) the taking of interest , or use-money for any summe lent . Vsurpation , ( lat . ) a having , or possessing against right , or equity . U T Vtas , the eighth day following any term , or feast . Vtensil , ( lat . ) houshold-stuff , that which is usefull and necessary about a house . Vterine , ( latin ) belonging to the womb . Vtlarie , ( in Latin Vtlagatio ) a punishment for such as being called into Law , do contemptuously refuse to appear , whereby they forfeit their goods , or lands to the King , or State. Vtopia , the feigned name of a Countrey described by Sir Thomas More , as the pattern of a well govern'd Common-wealth ; hence it is taken by Metaphor for any imaginary , or feigned place . U V Vveal , ( lat . ) belonging to a Grape , like a Grape . Vvid , ( lat . ) moist , or wet . Vulcan , the God of fire , the son of Jupiter and Juno , he was thrown out of heaven for his deformity , into the Isle of Lemnos , by which fall he became lame , he was brought up by Eurynome , the daughter of Oceanus and Thetis , he was the master of the Cyclops , and made Thunderbolts for Jupiter ; also Hermione's bracelet , Ariadne's Crown , the Chariot of the Sun , the Armour of Achilles and Aeneas , &c. he would have married Minerva , but she refusing him , he married Venus , whom he having caught in bed with Mars , threw a Net over them , and exposed them to the view of all the gods . Vulgarity , ( lat . ) a being common , vulgar , or publickly known . Vulneration , ( lat . ) a wounding , or hurting . Vulpine , ( lat . ) belonging to , or like a Fox , crafty , subtle . Vulsion , ( lat . ) a pulling . Vulturine , ( lat . ) belonging to a Vultur , or Geyr , being a ravenous kind of bird . Vulturnus , a certain Town of Campania , with a River of the same name . Vvula , ( lat . ) the pallat of the mouth . U X Vxellodunum , a Town of Quercy in France , vulgarly called Cadenack . Vxorious , ( lat . ) belonging to a wife ; also fond , or doating upon a wife . U Z Vzita , a Citie of Africa , called by Strabo Uxitas . W A WAdham Colledge , a Colledge in the University of Oxford , so called from the name of him that erected it . Wafters , ( a Term in Navigation ) men of War , that attend merchants ships to conduct them safe along . Wage , see Gage . To Wage Law , to prosecute a law sute . A Wagtail , a kinde of bird , otherwise called a Waterswallow , in Latin Motacilla , in Ital. Ballarina . Waif , or Waive , the same which the Civilians call derelictum , any thing ( whether it be Cattel strayed , or goods stolen and quitted upon Hue and Cry ) which being found are to be proclaimed sundry Market dayes , and if they challenge them within a year and a day are to be restored , otherwise they are to belong to the Lord of the Franchise ; also as a man forsaken of the Law , to which he was sworn is said out-lawed , so a woman not being sworn to the Law is called Waive . Wain , ( Dutch ) a decreasing , defect , or want . Waive , see Waif . Wakes , certain feasts and solemnities , which use to be kept the week after that Saints day , to whom the Parish Church was dedicated . Walbury , ( Sax. ) gratious , an ancient proper name of several women . Waldwin , a proper name , signifying in the German tongue a Conquerour , answerable to the Latin name Victor , for Waldin we now use Gawen . Walereared , a Term in Navigation , not shipshapen , or when a ship is built right up . Walter , the proper name of a man , signifying in Dutch a Pilgrim , or as others say a Woodman . Wandsdike , ( contracted from the Saxon Wodensdike , i. the Ditch of Woden , the Brittish Mars ) a Ditch of wonderfull work in Wiltshire , many miles in length , near which Ina , King of the West Saxons , and Ceo●red King of the Mercians joyned battel , and departed the field on even hand . Wantage , in the Saxon tongue Wanading , a place in Bark-shire , anciently a Mannour house of the Kings of England , famous for being the birth-place of Alfred , that prudent and learned Prince . Wapentake , a certain division of a County , called also a hundred , it is so called from an ancient custome , wherein he that came to take the government of a hundred was met by all the better sort , who came and touch't his Lance , or Weapon , by which Ceremony they were sworn and confederate . Warbling of the wings , a Term in Faulconry ; for after a Hawk hath mantled her self , she crosses her wings together over her back ; which action is called the warbling of the wings . Ward , a portion of the Citie committed to the special charge of one of the 24 Aldermen ; also a part , or division of a Forrest ; also the Heir of the Kings Tenant , holding by Knights service , during his nonage , is called Ward , whence Warden , a Guardian , or Oversee-er . Warin , a proper name , in Latin Guarinus , it comes from the German Gerwin , i. all victorious . Wardmote , a Court kept in every Ward in London . Wardstaff , a kinde of petty Sergeanty , which is a holding of Lands by this service , namely to carry a load of straw in a Cart with six horses , two roaps , two men in harnesse to watch the said Wardstaff , when it is brought to the place appointed . Wardwit , see Warwit . Wardrobe , ( Ital. Guardaroba ) a place where the Garments of Kings , or great persons use to be kept , and he that keeps the inventory of all things belonging to the Kings Wardrob , is called Clark of the Kings great Wardrobe . Wards and Liveries , a certain Court erected in the time of King Henry the eighth . Warrant , or Warranty , in Common-law , is a Covenant made in a deed by one man unto another , to warrant and secure himself and his Heirs , against all men whatsoever , for the injoying of any thing agreed upon between them ; it is called by the Civilians A●tipulati● . Warren , ( lat . Varrenna , or Vivarium ) a prescription , or grant to a man from the King , of having Pheasants , Partridges , Conies , and Hares , within certain of his Lands . Warscot , a contribution , that was wont to be made towards Armour in the Saxons time . Warwick , the principal Town of Warwick-shire , which with much probability is judged to be the same with that , which anciently was called praesidium , i. a Garrison ; for the Saxons , called it Warringwyck , the Brittains , Caer G●arvick , both which words seem to have sprung from the Brittish word Guarth , which also signifieth a Garrison ; here the Captain of the Dalmatian hors-men kept his residence , under the command of Dux Britanniae , this Town is situate over the River Avon , upon a steep Rock , fortified with strong walls , and a Castle toward the South-west . Warwit , or Wardwit ▪ a being quit of giving money for keeping of watches . Wassail , ( Sax. Waesheal , i. be in health ) an ancient Ceremonious custome , still used upon twelf day at night , of going about with a great bowl of Ale , drinking of healths , taken from Rowena , the daughter of Hengistus , her Ceremony to King Vortiger , to whom at a banquet she delivered with her own hands a Golden Cup full of wine . Wast , in Common-law , is , where a Tenant for Term of years , or otherwise doth , to the prejudice of the Heir , or of him in the reversion make waste , or spoyl of houses , woods , gardens , orchards , by pulling down the House , cutting down Timber , &c. Water-line , ( a Term in Navigation ) that line which ought to be the depth , that a ship should swim in when she is laden a head , and a stern . Watling street , see Ikenild street . Wavey , a Term in Blazon , bearing a resemblance of the swelling wave of the Sea. W E Weald of Kent , the wooddy part of the Countrey , from the Dutch word Wald , which signifieth a Forrest , or Wood. Wega , the shining Harp. Weapon salve , that which cures a wound by being applied to the weapon that made it . Weathercoil , is , when a ship being a Hull , layeth her head the other way , without loosing any of her sayl , which is done by bearing up the Helm . Weed , or Wede , ( Sax. ) a garment , or suit of apparel . Wedding , a joyning in marriage , from the Dutch word Wed , i. e. a pledge . Weigh , a certain weight of Cheese , or Wool , containing 256 pounds of Av●ir du pois . Weights , see Aver du pois , and Troy weight . Welken , an old Saxon word , signifying a Cloud ; also the Element , or Sky . Weold , or Wold , ( Sax. ) a Forrest . Werewolf , or Manwolf ( Were signifying in the Saxon language a man ) a kinde of Sorcerer , who by anointing his body , and putting on an enchanted girdle , takes upon him the shape , and nature of a Wolf , worrying and killing humane Creatures . Weroance , a name given to any great Lord , among the West-Indians . Werre , or Were , a certain pecuniary mulct , anciently set upon a mans head for killing of a man. Werregelt theft , a thief that may be redeemed by Werre . Westphalia , a Province of Germany , and one of the 12 Circles of the Empire , containing in it 6 Bishopricks , 3 principalities , 7 free Cities , with divers great Earledoms . W H Wharfage , a fee due , for things landed at a wharf , or brought thither to be exported . While , ( Sax. ) which . Whitehart silver , see Blacklow Forrest . Whitespurres , certain Squires made by the King. Whitsuntide , as it were the time of the white son ; also Whitsunday seemeth to signify as much as sacred Sunday ; from the Saxon word Wihed , i. sacred , being a certain feast celebrated , in memory of the holy Ghost , descending upon the Apostles in fiery tongues ; it is called in Greek Pentecost , as being the 50th . day from the Resurrection . Whole-chace-boots , large hunting , or winter riding bootes ; summer riding bootes , being called demichace . Wh●odings , plancks , which are joyn'd and fastned along the ship-sides into the stem . Whorlbat , ( in lat . Caestus ) a certain game or exercise among the ancients , wherein they whirled leaden plummets at one another . W I Wigornia , the chief Citie of Worcestershire , commonly called Worcester , the Brittains call'd it Caer-Wrangon , and CaerGuarangon , the Saxons Weorgaceaster ; it was set on fire in the year 1041. by Hardy Cnute the Dane , in revenge , because the Citizens had slain his Huscarles ; it was also very much harrassed in the time of the Civil Wars , in King Stephens reign , but soon it flourish't again , with greater splendour then before . Wilfred , ( Sax. ) much peace , a proper name of men . Saint Wilfrid's needle , a certain narrow hole in the Church of Wakeman , in Yorkshire , wherein womens honesties were in times past tried , for such as were chaste did easily passe through , but such as had been faulty , were miraculously held fast , and could not get through . William , ( Dutch Wilhelm ) the proper name of a man , the word signifying a defence to many . Wilton , a Town of Wiltshire , in ancient times the principal Town of the whole Shire , and from which it took its denomination , that it was heretofore called Ellandunum , appears by the Testimony of old Records , when Weolstan being stiled Earle of Ellandunum ; it is farther added , that is to say of Wilton , here in a very bloudy battel , Egbert King of the West-Saxons , overcame Beorwulf , King of Mercia , in the year of our salvation 821. here also about fifty years after King Aelfrid , joyning battel with the Danes , was at length put to the worst . Wimple , a plaited linnen cloath , which Nuns wear about their necks ; also a flag or streamer . Wimund , ( Sax. ) sacred peace , a proper name . Winchester , see Venta . Windlasse , a piece of Timber placed from one side of the ship to the other close abast the stem . Windsore , a Town in Bark-shire , by the Saxons called Windleshore , haply from the Winding-shore ; it is famous for a most stately Castle , built by King Edward the third , who in this Castle held prisoners at the same time , John King of France , and David King of Scots ; he also founded that Noble Order of the Garter , of which see more in the word Knight , there is likewise a magnificent Church begun by the same King , and consecrated to the Virgin Marie , but finisht by King Henry , and Sir Reginald Bray . Winefrid , the name of an ancient Brittish Virgin Saint , of whom it is reported that after her head was cut off by Cradacus , there sprung up in the same place the Well , which at this day is called Saint Winefrids Well , and that Benno the Priest joyned her head again to her body ; it is also the proper name of divers women , the word signifying in the Saxon tongue an obtainer of peace . Winwidfield , a place near Leeds in York-shire , so called from the great victory , which Oswy , King of Northumberland had over Penda , King of the Mercians , wherein Penda was utterly overthrown . Wippedfleed , see Tanet . Wisard , a witch , a cunning man , one that telleth where things are that were lost , some think it comes from the Saxon word Witega , i. a Prophet . Wiseacre , the same , from the Dutch words Waer , i. truth , and Sagen , i. to tell ; it is vulgarly taken for a fool . Witchcraft , a certain evil Art , whereby with the assistance of the Devil , or evil Spirits , some wonders may be wrought , which exceed the common apprehension of men . It cometh from the Dutch word Wiechelen , i. to divine , or guesse ; it is called in Latin Veneficium , in Greek Pharmaceia , i. the art of making poysons . Withernam , ( from the Dutch words Wider , i. again , and Namp , i. a taking ) is in Common Law , when a distresse is taken and driven into a hold or out of the County , so that the Sheriff cannot upon the replevin , make delivery thereof to the party distreined . W O Woad , a certain herb wherewith cloth is dyed blew ; it is called in Latin , Guadum , Glastum , or Pastellum . Woden , a certain Idol worshipt by the ancient Saxons , and thought to be the same with Mars , or the god of Battle ; whence the fourth day of the week came to be called Wodensday , or Wednseday . Wodensburgh , ( q. the Burgh or Town of Woden , the abovenamed Idol ) a village in Wiltshire , where in the year 590 Ceaulin King of the West-Saxons , was in a bloody battle vanquisht by the Brittains , and forced to end his dayes in exile . Wolds , ( Sax. ) mountains or hills without woods ; whence that part of Leicestershire lying Northward beyond the Wreken , is called the Wold or Would of Leicestershire , as being hilly without woods . Wolfetchsod , ( Sax. ) the condition of an Utlary , upon whose head the same price was formerly set , as on a Wolfs head to whomsoever should kill him . Woodstock , ( Sax. a wooddy place ) a Town in Oxfordshire , where King Ethelred assembled the States of the Kingdom and enacted Laws ; here King Henry the first built a very magnificent Royal Palace , in which King Henry the second , that he might keep his Paramour Rosamund Clifford concealed , built a Labyrinth with many intricate turnings and windings , which was called Rosamunds Bower ; but it is so utterly effaced , that at this day it is not to be discerned where it was . In this Town Geffery Chau●er a most famous English Poet was brought up . Woodward , an officer of the Forrest , whose function is to present any offence of Vert or Venison done within his charge , and if he find any Deer killed or wounded , to give the Verderer notice of it . Woolwinders , those that wind up fleeces of wool into a kind of bundle to be packt and sold by weight . Worcester , see Wigornia . Wormatia , a famous City of Germany , built upon the River Rhene ; it is vulgarly called Worms , and hath been sometime an Arch-Bishops See. W R Wreath , in Heraldry , is that which is between the Mantle and the Crest , called also a Torce ; also a Boares tail so termed among Hunters . Wreck , ( Fr. Varech , Lat. Veriscum & naufragium ) is when a ship perisheth at sea , and no man escapeth alive , in which case whatever goods are cast upon land belong to the King or the Lord of the soile ; but if any person come to land , or if either dog or cat escape alive , the goods return to the owner if he claim them within a year and a day . Wreedt , ( Dutch ) angry , fierce , furious ; whence the word wroth is commonly used by us for anger or fury . Writ , ( Lat. Breve because the intention of it is expounded in few words ) signifieth in Common Law , the Kings precept whereby any thing is commanded to be done touching the suit of action , as a defendant to be summoned , a distresse to be taken , &c. It is called by the Civilians , Actio or Formula . W U Wulpher , ( Sax. ) helper , the proper name of a King of Middle-England , it answers to the Greek names Alex●as or Epicurus . Wulfrunes Hampton , ( from Wulfrune a devout woman who inriched the Town ) a Town in Staffordshire vulgarly called Wolverhampton . X A XAnthi , a certain people of Asia who were utterly destroyed by Cyrus his Lieutenant Harpagus . Xanthippe , the wife of Socrates , a woman of a very froward and petulant disposition , insomuch as Alcibies told Socrates that he wondred how he could indure to live with her , to which he answered , that he kept her to exercise his patience at home , that he might the better bear the petulancy of others abroad . Xantippus , a famous Captain among the Lacedaemonians , who assisting the Carthaginians , overcame the Romans in a great battle , and took Regulus the Consul prisoner . Xantho , one of the Sea-Nimphs , the daughter of Oceanus and Tethys . Xanthus , a River of Troas , called also Scamander . X E Xenocrates , a famous Chalcedonian Philosopher , who succeeded in the Academy of Speusippus , he was a man of a very strict and severe conversation . Xenodochy , ( Gr. ) an Inne or Hospital , a place for the receiving of Pilgrims Strangers , and Travellers . Xenophon , the son of Gryllus a famous Athenian Philosopher and expert Captain , he went with an Army of 10000 men along with Cyrus into Persia , and after Cyrus was slain , brought back his Army with little losse through many strange Countries and divers great difficulties and dangers . He was for his Eloquence stiled the Attick Muse , and writ many choice and elegant books . Xeriff , the title of a Prince or Supream Ruler in Barbary . Xerophthalmie , ( Gr. ) a certain disease in the eyes which causeth a rednesse or sorenesse , without any running or swelling . Xerxes , a King of Persia , the grandchild of Cyrus and son of Darius and Atossa ; he with an Army of 1700000 men , and a Navy so vast that it filled the whole Hellespont and joyned the two Continents together , was vanquisht at Thermopylae by 4000 men , and afterwards in a Sea-fight at Salamis by Themi●tocles , and his General whom he left in Boeotia , was faine to retire with almost all his forces cut off , he was at length slain in his own Palace by Artabanus one of his own Captains . X I Xilinous , ( lat . ) belonging to cotton . X Y Xylobalsame , ( Gr. ) a certain sweet wood , whereof baulm is produced . Y A YArdland , a certain quantity of land called in Saxon Gyrdlander , in Latin Virgata terrae . Y B Ybel , an old Brittish proper name of a man , it seems contracted from the Greek Eubulus , i. Good Counsellour . Y E Year and Day , a certain time in construction of Common Law thought fit in many cases to determine a right in one , and prescription in another , as in case of an Estray , of No claim , of Protection , of a Wreck &c. Yeoman ▪ ( contract , a youngman ) the next degree to a Gentleman , and called in Latin Ingenuus ; in our Laws he is defined to be a freeborn man , who can dispend of his own free land in yearly revenue to the summe of 40 shillings Sterling . Y O Yonker , ( Dutch Junker , i. a Knight or Nobleman ) a lusty lad . York , see Eboracum . Youthwort , a kind of plant called in Latin ros solis . Y T Ythel , ( Brittish ) a proper name , contracted from the Greek Euthalius , i. very flourishing . Z A ZAchary , the proper name of a man , signifying in Heb. Memory of the Lord. Zachynthus , an Island of the Ionian Sea , between Cephalenia , and Achaia , now called Zante . Zaleucus , a famous Lawgiver among the Locrians , who having made a Law for the punishing Adultery , and his son hapning to be found guilty of the same crime , he that he might fulfill the Law and mitigate his sons punishment , caused one of his sons eyes to be put out , and one of his own . Zameis , the fifth King of Assyria , the son of Ninus and Semiramis , otherwise called Ninias . Zany , ( French ) one that in ridiculous manner , imitates other mens actions to stir up laughter . Z E Zebennia , the wife of Odenatus King of the Palmyreni , who behaved himself with much gallantry against Sapores King of Persia ; she after the death of her husband injoyed the Kingdom with her sons Herennianus and Timolaus . Zecchine , ( Ital. ) a certain Coin of Gold , valuing about 7 shillings 6 pence Sterling . Zelot , ( Greek ) one that is envious or jealous of anothers actions ; also one that is hot and fervently zealous in Religion . Zelotypie , ( Greek ) jealousie . Zenith , ( Arab. ) the vertical point , or that point of Heaven which is directly over our heads , and opposite to the Nadir . Zeno , a famous Greek Philosopher , who was the first Authour of the Sect of the Stoicks , he strangled him self in the 72 year of his age , after he had broke his finger by hitting it against a stone . There was also another Zeno of Elea a hearer of Parmenides , he having conspired against the Tyrant Nearchus , and being put upon the rack to make him confesse who were the rest of the conspiratours , he bit off a piece of his tongue and spit it in the Tyrants face ; whereupon the Citizens stoned the Tyrant to death . Zenobia , called also Zebennia , a Queen of Palmyrene , and the wife of Odatus , she governed the Roman Provinces in Syria , being reckoned among the 30 Tyrants who usurpt the government of the World in the time of Galenus ; she was at length overcome by the Emperour Aurelian , and led in Triumph through the City of Rome with Golden Chains : Yet he in compassion afterwards gave her a possession in Tybur . She understood the Aegyptian , Greek , and Roman Languages , and brought up her sons Herennianus and Timolaus in learning , of whom it is not known what became , whether they died a natural death or were killed by Aurelian . Zephyrus , the West-wind so called by the Greeks ; by the Latins , Favonius , and begins to blow as Varr● affirms , about the beginning of February . Zereth , an Hebrew measure containing nine inches . Zethes , the son of Boreas and Orithy● , and the brother of Calais ; these two brothers went with the Argonants to Colchos , & because they had wings they were sent to drive away the Harpys from Phineus his Table , whom they pursued to the Strophades Islands . Zethus , the son of Jupiter and Antiope the wife of Lycus King of the Thebans , who divorcing Antiope , married Dirce ; after which Jupiter falling in love with Antiope , got her with child , which Dirce perceiving , fearing lest she might come again into favour with her Husband , she put her in prison ; but the time of her delivery drawing nigh , she was set at liberty , and flying to the mountain Citheron , she brought forth twins in the high-way , and the children being afterwards found by the Shepherds , were brought up by them , and called the one Zethus , the other Amphion , who coming to age , and hearing of the injuries which Dirce had done to their mother , they tied her to the tail of a wild Bull , whereby she was draged through rough and stony wayes to a miserable death , and changed by Bacchus into a Fountain . Zeuxis , a famou● Painter of Greece , who contended with Timantes , Androcides , E●pompus , and Parrhasius , all excellent Painters of his time ; he painted a Boy carrying Grapes , the Grapes being done with so much life , that the Birds taking them for true Grapes , flew to them to peck at them , whereat he grew very angry at his own work , saying , That if the Boy had been drawn as well as the Grapes , they would not have peckt at them for fear of the Boy . Z O Zodiack , one of the greater imaginary Circles , being 12 degrees in breadth , and 360 in length , and dividing the Sphere obliquely into two parts , and containeth the 12 Signs , which are called Aries , Taurus , Gemini , Cancer , Leo , Virgo , Libra , Scorpio , Sagittarius , Capricornus , Aquarius , Pisces , through the whole length of this Circle runneth a line just in the middle which is called the Ecliptick line , or the path-way of the Sun , because in that line the Sun performeth its course . The word Zodiack cometh from the Greek Zodio● , because of the representations of sundry animals which it containeth ; in Latin it is called Signifer . Zoilus , a Sophist of Amphipolis , who lived in the time of Ptolomaeus King of Aegypt , and writ a book against Homer , ( whence he was called Homeroma●tix ) which he presented to P●olomy expecting a great reward ; but when he saw that he gave him nothing , he being compelled by want , set on some friends to beg something of him ; but Ptolomy answe●ed that since Homer , so many Ages past deceased had fed so many men , he wondred how Zoilus could want so much , being more learned than Homer . Concerning his death some say , that being convicted of Parricide , he was crucified at the command of Ptolomy . Others that returning into Greece , he was thrown down headlong from the rock S●yron . From him every envious carping Critick is called a Zoilus . Zone , ( Greek ) a belt or girdle , more particularly it is taken for a gird●e worn anciently by maides about their middle when they were near marriage , which the Husband untied the first night of their marriage ; also a souldiers belt ; also in Cosmography it is used for a certain space or division of the Heavens or Earth , bounded by the lesser circles , whereof there are 5 in all ; namely , the Torrid Zone included between the two Tropicks , the two Temperate Zones included between the Tropicks and the Polar Circles , and the two Frigid Zones which are included between the Polar Circles and the Poles themselves . Zoography , ( Greek ) a discription of beasts , a painting of any kind of animals . Zoophytes , ( Greek ) certain substances which partake of the nature partly of plants , partly of animals , and are also called Plantanimals . Zophyrus , a Nobleman of Persia , who when Darius had besieged Babylon a long time in vain , he fled to the Babylonians as a fugitive , cutting off his eares and his lips , complaining of the cruelty of his King ; whereupon being received by them , he was made their Captain , and betrayed the City to Darius , who notwithstanding would often say , That he had rather have one Zophyrus whole , than take twenty Babylons . Zoroaster , the first King of the Bactrians , who , as Pliny saith , was the first inventour of Magick among the Persians , he is said to have laught the first day he was born , and his brain is said to have beat so strongly , that it repelled any ones hand which was laid on , which was held to be a signe of his future sagacity , he wrote the liberal arts upon seven pillars of brick , and also upon seven of brasse ; he wrote also one volume concerning nature , one of precious stones , with several other works ; some say , he was consumed with fire from heaven , and that he foretold to the Assyrians , that if they preserved his ashes , their Kingdom should never fail , others say , he was slain in the wars he had with Ninus , King of Assyria . Z U Zulemon , a Captain of those Saracens , inhabiting Asia , who invading Thrace with a numerous Army , part of them besieged Constantinople , part making an irruption into Bulgaria , were overcome by the Bulgarians . Zuventebaldus , a Duke of the Maraveni , to whom Arnolphus gave the Dukedom of Bohemia , he rebelling against the Emperour , overcame him with the help of the Hungarians . Z Y Zygactes , a River of Thrace , near the City Philippi , in the passing of which , Pluto is said to have broke his Chariot , when he ravish't Proserpina . Zygostat , ( Greek ) one appointed to look to weights , a Clark of a market . FINIS . The Errata committed in the Capital Words are to be found by the order of the Alphabet as followeth . FOr Adory r. Adoxy . Alderanainim vid. Pap. to be left out . for Archirrave r. Architrave . for Arcuare r. Arcuate . for Aniso r. Aviso . Bacchus to begin a break after Baccharach . for Becebick r. Becchick . for Bedobeer r. Bedpheer . for Bourrean r. Bourreau . For Calcent r. Calecut . for Carm r. Carine . for Cartilagindous r. Cartilagineous . for Casuit r. Casuist Cnossus should begin a break . for Columbarg r. Columbarie . for Sir Crispin r. St. Crispin . For Dantry r. Dautry . Dative to begin a break after Datism . Diple to begin a break after Dipththong . For Entire perngents r. Entire pertingents . for Euperation r. Exuperation . For Fastigation r. Fastigiation . for Fontegeld r. Foutegeld . For to be Agog r. to be a Gog. Grith to be in the same break with Grithbreach . Gryph , to begin a break after Gryffen . Gibbosity misplaced in G. Y. For Langid r. Languid . for Lucida Laucis r. Lucida Lancis . For Misoginy r. Mysogyny . for Mithology r. Mythology . For Nephglian r. Nephelian . For Obigillation r. Obsigillation . for Obtruration r. Obturation . For Paraselinii r. Paraselenii . for Paretii r. Parelii . for Paricide r. Parricide , which should have been placed after Parrhasius . for Percontation r. Percunctation . for Portmantean r. Portmanteau . for Proem r. Prooem . for Propagotion r. Propagation . For Quadrulation r. Quadruplation . Relohihin to be left out . For Septunical r. Septuncial . for Sicambre r. Sicambri . for Smectimnus r. Smectimnuus . for Supercilous r. Supercilious . for S●parlative r. Superlative . In Thirdboroughs leave out s at the later end . for Tonicul r. Tonical . for Traperzium r. Trapezium ▪ for Tymnaetes r. Tymaetes . For Vicidity r. Viscidity . The other Errata are to be found under some or other of the Alphabetical words . In Corporal , for or r. of a. in Corporeity leave out Corporeature . after term in Courtilage for Message r. Messuage . in Declination , for Astrology r. Astronomy . in Defeisance for or r. see . in Cyclops for Serope r. Sterope . in Dalreudini for Renda r. Renda . in Dioptick for Neniter capedines r. the Intercapedines . in Entoire before sorts r. all . in Entweyssel after ancient r. family . in Epidemical for Epidemie r. Epidemick . in Euterpe before the r. one of . in Excrementitious after belonging r. to . in Familiar after Substantively r. used . in Flandria for in r. of . in Grae● for Phocys r. Phorcys . in Growm for Ensighn r. Engin. in Gunora after barbdheaded r. arrow . in Haire after time r. appears above . in Jasion for brought r. taught . in Information for nor r. or . in Inodoration for swell r. smell . in Introversion , after look r. inward . in Joys of the Planets for powerfully r. powerful . in Landgraviate place Sea at the end of the foregoing word . in Laver for or vessel r. a vessel . in Libra for vernal r. Autumnal . in Lucullus make a comma after besides , not afrer age . in Lyra for Aphorism's r. Asterism's . in Mate for Motto r. Matto . in Miletus r. Sarpedon . in Minchings after consecrated r. virgins . in Mirach r. Andromeda . in Opposite for privately r. privately . in Otus for Son r. Sons . in Parapett for Brest r. Brestwo●k . in Paraselenii for Paretii r. Parelii . in Pentagonal r. 5 angles . in Peripherie make a comma after about . in Phaleucian for and 5. r. or 5. in Ralph r. helpful counsel . in Schirrus for senses r. sense . in Scolopender r. vomiteth . in Supereminence for excellent r. excellence . in Tegea r. Therimachus . in Tissue for or r. of . in Tribunal r. Judgement-seat . in Tripudiation for tripling r. tripping . in Trophy for upon r. up . in Velites for Triani r. Triarii . in Xantippe for Alcibies r. Alcibiades . These are the most considerable Errata 's that I have observed ; what ere else may have escaped , the discree● Reader will easily correct . Courteous Reader , these Books following are Printed for Nath. Brook , and are to be sold at his Shop at the Angel in Cornhill . Excellent Tracts in Divinity , Controversies , Sermons , Devotions . THE Catholique History collected and gathered out of Scripture , Councils , and Ancient Fathers , in answer to Dr. Vanes Lost Sheep returned home : by Edward Chesensale , Esq. Octavo . 2. Bishop Morton on the Sacrament , in Folio . 3. The Grand Sacriledge of the Church of Rome , in taking away the sacred Cup from the Laity at the Lords Table ; by Dr. Featly , D. D. Quarto . 4. The Quakers Cause at second hearing , being a full answer to their Tenets . 5. Re-assertion of Grace : Vindiciae Evangelii , or the Vindication of the Gospel : a reply to Mr. Anthony Burghess Vindiciae Legis , and to Mr. Ruthford ▪ by Robert Town . 6. Anabaptists anatomized and silenced : or a dispute with Master Tombs , by Mr. J. Crag : where all may receive clear satisfaction in that controversie : the best extant . Octavo . 7. A Glimpse of Divine Light , being an explication of some passages exhibited to the Commissioners of White Hall for Approbation of Publique Preachers , against John Harrison of Land Chap. Lancash . 8. The zealous Magistrate : a Sermon by T. Threscos . Quarto . 9. New Jerusalem , in a Sermon for the Society of Astrologers , Quarto , in the year 1651. 10. Divinity no enemy to Astrology : A Sermon for the Society of Astrologers , in the year 1643. by Dr. Thomas Swadling . 11. Britannia Rediviva , a Sermon before the Judges , August 1648. by J. Shaw Minister of Hull . 12. The Princesse Royal , in a Sermon before the Judges , March 24 by J. Shaw. 13. Judgement set , and Books opened , Religion tried whether it be of God or Man , in several Sermons : by J. Webster . Quarto . 14. Israels Redemption , or the Prophetical History of our Saviours Kingdom on Earth : by K. Matton . 15. The Cause and Cure of Ignorance , Error , and Prophanesse : or a more hopeful way to Grace and Salvation . by K. Young. Octavo . 16. A Bridle for the Times , tending to still the murmuring , to settle the wavering , to stay the wandring , and to strengthen the fainting : by J. Brinsley of Yarmouth . 17. Comforts against the fear of death ; wherein are discovered several Evidences of the work of Grace : by J. Collins of Norwich . 18. Jacobs Seed ; or , the excellency of seeking God by prayer , by Jer. Burroughs . 19. The sum of Practical Divinity ; or , the grounds of Religion in a Chatechistical way , by Mr. Christopher Love late Minister of the Gospel : a useful Piece . 20. Heaven and Earth shaken ; a Treatise shewing how Kings and Princes , their Governments are turned and changed , by J. Davis Minister in ●over : admirably useful , and seriously to be considered in these times . 21. The Treasure of the Soul ; wherein we are taught , by dying to sin , to attain to the perfect love of God. 22. A Treatise of Contestation , fit for these sad and troublesome times , by J. Hall Bishop of Norwich . 23. Select thoughts , or , choice helps for a pious spirit , beholding the excellency of her Lord Jesus ; by J. Hall Bishop of Norwich . 24. The Holy Order , or Fraternity of Mourners in Zion ; to which is added , Songs in the night , or chearfulnesse under afflictions ; by J. Hall Bishop of Norwich . 25. The Celestial Lamp , enlightening every distressed Soul from the depth of everlasting darknesse : by T. Fetisplace . Admirable and Learned Treatises of Occult Sciences in Philosophy , Magick , Astrology , Geomancy , Chymistry , Physiognomy , and Chyromancy . 26. Magick and Astrology vindicated by H. Warren . 27. Lux Veritatis , Judicial Astrology vindicated and demonology confuted ; by W. Ramsey Gent. 28. An Introduction to the Teutonick Philosophy ; being a determination of the Original of the Soul : by C. Hotham Fellow or Peter-House in Cambridge . 29. Cornelius Agrippa , his fourth book of Occult Philosophy , or Geomancy ; Magical Elements of Peter de Abona , the nature of Spirits : made English by R. Turner . 30. Paracelsus Occult Philosophy , of the Misteries of Nature , and his Secret Alchimy . 31. An Astrological Discourse with Mathematical Demonstrations ; proving the influence of the Planets and fixed Stars upon Elementary Bodies : by Sir Chr. Heydon Knight . 32. Merlinus Anglicus Junior ; the English Merlin revived , or a Prediction upon the Affairs of Christendom , for the year 1644. by W. Lilly. 33. Englands Prophetical Merlin ; foretelling to all Nations of Europe , till 1663. the actions depending upon the influences of the Conjunction of Saturn and Jupiter , 1642. by W. Lilly. 34 The Starry Messenger , or an Interpretation of that strange apparition of three Suns seen in London , the 19 of November 1644. being the Birth-day of King Charles : by W. Lilly. 35. The Worlds Catastrophe : or Europes many Mutations , until 1666. by W. Lilly. 36. An Astrological Prediction of the Occurrences in England ; part of the years 1648 , 1649 , 1650. by W. Lilly. 37. Monarchy or no Monarchy in England ; the Prophesie of the white King , Grebner his Prophesie , concerning Charles , Son of Charles , his greatness ; illustrated with several Hieroglyphicks : by W. Lilly. 38. Annus Tenebrosus , or the Dark Year , or Astrological Judgements upon two Lunary Eclipses , and one admirable Eclipse of the Sun in England , 1652. by W. Lilly. 39. An easie and familiar Method , whereby to judge the effects depending on Eclipses : by W. Lilly. 40. Supernatural Sights and Apparitions seen in London June , 30. 1644. by W. Lilly : as also all his Works in a Volume . 41. Catastrophe Magnatum : an Ephemerides for the year 1652. by N. Culpeper . 42. Teratologia ; or , a discovery of Gods Wonders , manifested by bloody rain and waters ; by I. S. 43. Chyromancy ; or the Art of divining by the lines engraven in the hand of man , by dame Nature in 198 Genitures ; with a Learned Discourse of the Soul of the World ; by G. Wharton Esq. 44. The admired Piece of Physiognomy , and Chyromancy , Metoposcopy , the Symmetrical Proportions , and Signal moles of the Body , the Interpretation of Dreams : to which is added the Art of Memory , illustrated with figuers : by R. Sanders , in Folio . 45. The no lesse exquisite then admirable Work , Theatrum Chemicum , Britannicum ; containing several Poetical Pieces of our famous English Philosophers , who have written the Hermitique Mysteries in their own ancient Language ; faithfully collected into one Volume , with Annotations thereon : by the Indefatigable industry of Elias Ashmole Esq. illustrated with Figures . Excellent Treatises in the Mathematicks , Geometry , of Arithmetick , Surveying , and other Arts or Mechanicks . 46. The incomparable Treatise of Tactometria , seu Tetagmenometria ; or , the Geometry of Regulars , practically proposed , after a new and most expeditious manner , ( together with the Natural or Vulgar , by way of Mensural comparison ) and in the Solids , not onely in respect of Magnitude or Demension , but also of Gravity or Ponderosity , according to any Metal assigned : together with useful experiments of Measures and Weights , observations on Gauging , useful for those that are practised in the Art Metricald : by T. Wibard . 47. Tectonicon , shewing the exact measuring of all manner of Land , Squares , Timber , Stone , Steeples , Pillars , Globes ; as also the making and use of the Carpenters Rule , &c. fit to be known by all Surveyors , Land-meters , Joyners , Carpenters , and Masons : by L. Digges . 48. The unparallel'd Work for ease and expedition , intituled , the exact Surveyor : or , the whole Art of Surveying of Land , shewing how to plot all manner of Grounds , whether small Inclosures , Champain , Plain , Wood-Lands , or Mountains , by the Plain Table ; as also how to finde the Area , or Content of any Land , to Protect , Reduce or Divide the same ; as also to take the Plot or Cart , to make a Map of any mannor , whether according to Rathburne , or any other Eminent Surveyors Method : a Book excellently usefull for those that sell , purchase , or are otherwise employed about Buildings ; by J. Eyre . 49. The golden Treatise of Arithmetick , Natural and Artificial , or Decimals ; the Theory and Practice united in a simpathetical Proportion , betwixt Lines and Numbers , in their Quantities and Qualities , as in respect of Form , Figure , Magnitude , and Affection ; demonstrated by Geometry , illustrated by Calculations , and confirmed with variety of Examples in every Species ; made compendious and easie for Merchants , Citizens , Sea-men , Accomptants , &c. by Th. Wilsford Corrector of the last Edition of Record . 50. Semigraphy , or the Art of Short-Writing , as it hath been proved by many hundreds in the City of London , and other places , by them practised , and acknowledged to be the easiest , exactest , and swiftest method ; the meanest capacity by the help of this Book , with a few hours practice , may attain to a perfection in this Art : by Jer. Rich Author and Teacher thereof , dwelling in Swithings Lane in London . 51. Milk for Children ; a plain and easie method teaching to read and write , useful for Schools and Families , by I. Thomas , D. D. 52. The Painting of the Ancients ; the History of the beginning , progress , and consummating of the practice of that noble Art of Painting ; by F. Junius . Excellent and approved Treatises in Physick , Chyrurgery , and other more familiar Experiments in Cookery , Preserving , &c. 53. Culpeper's Semiatica Vranica , his Astrological j●dgement of Diseases from the decumbiture of the sick , much enlarged : the way and manner of finding out the cause , change , and end of the Disease ; also whether the sick be likely to live or die , and the time when recovery or death is to be expected , according to the judgement of Hipocrates , and Hermes Trismegistus ; to which is added Mr. Culpeper's censure of Urines . 54. Culpeper's last Legacy , left to his Wife for the publick good , being the choicest and most profitable of those secrets in Physick and Chyrurgery ; which whilst he lived , were lockt up in his brest , and resolved never to be published till after his death . 55. The Yorkshire Spaw ; or the virtue and use of that water in curing of desperate diseases , with directions and rules necessary to be considered by all that repair thither . 56. Most approved Medicines and Remedies for the diseases in the body of Man : by A. Read Dr. in Physick . 57. The Art of Simpling : an introduction to the knowledge of gathering of Plants , wherein , the definitions , divisions , places , descriptions , differ●●ces , names , virtues , times of gathering , uses , tempratures of them are compendiously discoursed of : also a discovery of the lesser World , by W. Coles . 58. Adam in Eden , or Natures Paradise : the History of Plants , Herbs , and Flowers , with their several original names , the places where they grow , their descriptions and kindes , their times of flourishing and decreasing ; as also their several signatures , anatomical appropriations , and particular physical virtues ; with necessary Observations on the Seasons of Planting and gathering of our English Plants . A Work admirably useful for Apothecaries , Chyrurgeons , and other Ingenuous persons , who may in this Herbal finde comprised all the English physical simples , that Gerard or Parkinson , in their two voluminous Herbals have disooursed of , even so as to be on emergent occasions their own Physitians , the ingredients being to be had in their own fields and gardens ; Published for the general good by W. Coles M. D. 59. The Compleat Midwive's practice , in the high and weighty concernments of the body of Mankinde : or perfect Rules derived from the experiences and writings , not onely of our English , but the most accomplisht and absolute practices of the French , Spanish , Italians , and other Nations ; so fitted for the weakest capacities , that they may in a short time attain to the knowledge of the whole Art : by Dr. T. C. with the advice of others , illustrated with Copper figures . 60. The Queens Closet opened : incomparable secrets in Physick , Chyrurgery , Preserving , Candying , and Cookery ; as they were presented to the Queen by the most experienced persons of our times ; many whereof were honoured with her own practice . Elegant Treatises in Humanity , History , Romances , and Poetry . 61. Times Treasury , or Academy , for the accomplishment of the English Gentry in Arguments of Discourse , Habit , Fashion , Behaviour , &c. all summed up in Characters of Honour : by R. Brathwait Esq. 62. Oedipus , or the Resolver of the secrets of love , and other natural Problemes , by way of Question and Answer . 63. The admirable and most impartial History of New England , of the first plantation there , in the year 1628. brought down to these times ; all the material passages performed there , exactly related . 64. The Tears of the Indians : the History of the bloody and most cruel proceedings of the Spaniards in the Island of Hispani●la , Cuba , Jamai●a , Mexico , Peru , and other places of the West-Indies ; in which to the life , are discovered the tyrannies of the Spaniards , as also the justnesse of our War so successefully managed against them . 65. The Illustrious Shepherdesse . The Imperious Brother : written orignally in Spanish by that incomparable wit , Don John Perez de Montalbans ; translated at the requests of the Marchionesse of D●rchester , and the Countesse of Strafford : by E. P. 66. The History of the Golden Asse , as also the Loves of Cupid and his Mistresse Psiche : by L. Apulcius , translated into English. 67. The unfortunate Mother : a Tragedy by T. N. 68. The Rebellion , a Tragedy by T. Rawlins . 69. The Tragedy of Messalina the insatiate Roman Empresse : by N. Richards . 70. The floating Island : a Trage-Comedy , acted before the King , by the Students of Christs Church in Oxon ; by that renowned wit , W. Strode , the songs were set by Mr. Henry Lawes . 71. Harvey's Divine Poems ; the History of Balaam , of Jonah , and of St. John the Evangelist . 72. Fons Lachrymarum , or a Fountain of Tears ; the Lamentations of the Prophet Jeremiah in verse , with an Elegy on Sir Charles Lucas ; by I. Quarles . 73. Nocturnal Lucubrations , with other witty Epigrams and Epitaphs ; by R. Chamberlain . 74. The admirable ingenuous Satyr against Hypocrites . Poetical , with several other accurately ingenious Treatises , lately Printed . 75. Wits Interpreter , the English Parnassus : or a sure Guide to those admirable accomplishments that compleat the English Gentry , in the most acceptable qualifications of Discourse , or Writing . An Art of Logick , accurate Complements , Fancies , and Experiments , Poems , Poetical Fictions , and All-a-Mode Letters by J. C. 76. Wit and Drollery ; with other Jovial Poems : by Sir I. M. M. L. M. S. W. D. 77. Sportive wit , the Muses Merriment ; a New Spring of Drollery ; Jovial Fancies , &c. 78. The Conveyancer of Light , or the Compleat Clerk , and Scrivener● Guide ; being an exact draught of all Presidents and Assurances now in use ; as they were penned , and perfected by diverse learned Judges , eminent Lawyers , and great Conveyancers , both ancient and modern : whereunto is added a Concordance from K. Rich. 3. to this present . 79. Themis Aurea , The Daws of the Fraternity of the Rosie Crosse ; in which the occult secrets of their Philosophical Notions are brought to light : written by Count Mayerus , and now Englisht by T. H. 80. The Iron Rod put into the Lord Protectors hand ; a prophetical Treatise . 81. Medicina Magica tamen Physica ; Magical , but natural Physick : containing the general cures of infirmities and diseases belonging to the boaies of men , as also to other animals , and domestick creatures , by way of Transplantion : with a description of the most excellent Cordial out of Gold : by Samuel Boulton of Salop. 82. Tradiscan's Rareties , published by himself . 83. The proceeding of the high Court of Justice against the late King Charles , with his Speech upon the Scaffold , and other proceedings , Jan. 30. 1648. 84. The perfect Cook ; a right Method in the Art of Cookery , whether for Pastery , or all other manner of All-a-mode Kick shaws ; with the most refined wayes of dressing of flesh , fowl , or fish ; making of the most poinant Sawces , whether after the French , or English manner , together with fifty five wayes of dressing of Eggs : by M. M. Admirable Vsefull Treatises newly Printed . 85. The Expert Doctours Dispensatory : the whole Art of Physick restored to Practice : the Apothecaries Shop , and Chyrurgeous Closet opened ; with a Survey , as also a Correction of most Dispensatories now extant , with a Judicious Censure of their defects ; and a supply of what they are deficient in : together with a learned account of the virtues and quantities , and ases of Simples , and Compounds ; with the Symptomes of Diseases ; as also prescriptions for their several cures : by that renowned P. Morellus , Physician to the King of France ; a work for the order , usefulnesse , and plainnesse of the Method , not to be parallel'd by any Dispensatory , in what language soever . 86. Cabinet of Jewels , Mans Misery , Gods Mercy , Christs Treasury , &c. In eight Sermons ; with an Appendix of the nature of Tithes under the Gospel ; with the expediency of Marriage in publick Assemblies , by I. Crag , Minister of the Gospel . 87. Natures Secrets ; or the admirable and wonderfull History of the generation of Meteors ; discribing the Temperatures of the Elements , the heights , magnitudes , and influences of Stars ; the causes of Comets , Earthquakes , Deluges , Epidemical Diseases , and Prodigies of precedent times ; with presages of the weather and descriptions of the Weather-glasse : by T. Wilsford . 88. The Mysteries of Love and Eloquence ; or the Arts of Wooing and Complementing ; as they are managed in the Spring Garden , Hide-Park , the new Exchange , and other Eminent places . A work in which are drawn to the Life the Deportments of the most Accomplisht Persons ; the Mode of their Courtly Entertainments , Treatment of their Ladies at Balls , their accustomed Sports , Drolls and Fancies ; the Witchcrafts of their perswasive language , in their approaches , or other more secret dispatches , &c. by E. P. 89. Helmont disguised ; or the vulgar errours of impercial and unskilfull practicers of Physick confuted ; more especially as they concern the cures of Feavers , the Stone , the Plague , and some other diseases by way of Dialogue ; in which the chief rarities of Physick are admirably discoursed of , by I. T. Books in the Presse , and ready for Printing . 1 ▪ THE Scales of Commerce and Trade : by T. Wilsford . 2. Geometry demonstrated by Lines and Numbers ; from thence , Astronomy , Cosmography , and Navigation proved and delineated by the Doctrine of Plaine and Spherical Triangles : by T. Wilsford . 3. The English Annals , from the Invasion made by Julius Cesar to these times : by T. Wilsford . 4. The Fool transformed : a Comedy . 5. The History of Lewis the eleventh King of France : a Trage-Comedy . 6. The chaste woman against her will : a Comedy . 7. The Tooth-drawer : a Comedy . 8. Honour in the end : a Comedy . 9. Tell Tale : a Comedy . 10. The History of Donquixiot , or the Knight of the ill favoured face : a Comedy . 11. The fair Spanish Captive : a Trage-Comedy . 12. Sir Kenelm Digby , and other persons of Honour , their rare and incomparable secrets of Physick , Chirurgery , Cookery , Preserving , Conserving , Candying , distilling of Waters , extraction of Oyls , compounding of the costliest Perfumes , with other admirable Inventions , and select Experiments , as they offered themselves to their Observations ; whether here , or in forreign Countreys . 13. The Soul 's Cordial in two Treatises , the first teaching how to be eased of the guilt of sin , the second , discovering advantages by Christs ascention : by that faithfull labourer in the Lords Vineyard , Mr. Christopher Love , late Parson of Laurance Jury : the third volumne . 14. Jacobs seed , the excellency of seeking God by prayer , by the late reverend Divine I. Burroughs . 15. The Saints Tomb-stone : or the Remains of the blessed : A plain Narrative of some remarkable passages , in the holy life , and happy death , of Mistresse Dorothy Shaw , wife of Mr. John Shaw , Preacher of the Gospel at Kingston on Hull , collected by her dearest friends , especially for her sorrowfull husband and six daughters consolation and invitation . 16. The accomplisht Cook , the mistery of the whole art of Cookery , revealed in a more easie and perfect method then hath been publisht in any language : Expert and ready wayes for the dressing of flesh , fowl , and fish , the raising of pastes , the best directions for all manner of Kickshaws , and the most poinant Sauces , with the terms of Carving and Sewing : the Bills of fare , an exact account of all dishes for the season , with other All a-mode curiosities , together with the lively illustrations of such necessary figures , as are referred to practise : approved by the many years experience , and carefull industry of Robert May , in the time of his attendance on several persons of honour . 17. The exquisite letters of Mr. Robert Loveday , the late admired Translater of the volumes of the famed Romance Cleopatra , for the perpetuating his memory , publisht by his dear brother Mr. A. L. 18. The so long expected work , the New World of English words , or a general Dictionary , containing the Terms , Etymologies , Definitions , and perfect Interpretations of the proper significations of hard English words throughout the Arts and Sciences , liberal , or Mechanick , as also other subjects that are usefull , or appertain to the language of our Nation , to which is added the signification of proper names , Mythology , and Poetical fictions , Historical relations , Geographical Descriptions of the Countreys , and Cities of the World ; especially of these three Nations , wherein their chiefest Antiquities , Battles , and other most memorable passages are mentioned : A work very necessary for strangers , as well as our own Countrey-men , for all persons that would rightly understand what they discourse , write , or read . Collected and published by E. P. for the greater honour of those learned Gentlemen and Artists that have been assistant in the most Practical Sciences , their names are prefixed before the book . 19. The so much desired , and deeply learned Comentary , on Psalm the fifteenth , by that Reverend , and Eminent Divine Mr. Christopher Car●hwright , Minister of the Gospel in York , to which is prefixed a brief account to the Authours life , and of his work by R. Bolton . 20. The way to blisse , in three books , being a learned Treatise of the Philosophers stone , made publick by Elias Ashmole , Esquire . 21. Wit Restored in several Select Poems , not formerly publisht by Sr. John Mennis , Mr. Smith , and others . 22. The Judges charge , delivered in a Sermon before Mr. Justice Hale , and Mr. Sergeant Crook , Judges of the Assize , at St. Mary Overies in Southwark , by R. Purre , M. A. Pastor of Camerwell , in the County of Surry , a Sermon worthy of the perusal of all such persons as endeavour to be honest and just Practitioners in the Law. 23. The modern Assurancer , the Clarks Directory , containing the Practick part of the Law , in the exact Forms and Draughts of all manner of Presidents for Bargains , and Sales , Grants , Feoffements , Bonds , Bills , Conditions , Covenants , Jointures , Indentures ; to lead the use of Fines and Recoveries , with good Provisoes , and Covenants to stand seized , Charter parties for Ships , Leases , Releases , Surrenders , &c. And all other Instruments and Assurances now in use , intended for all young Students and Practicers of the Law by John Herne . 24. Moors Arithmatick , the second Edition much refined and diligently cleared from the former mistakes of the presse : A work containing the whole Art of Arithmetick as well in Numbers , as Species : Together with many Additions by the Author to come forth at Michaelmas Term. Likewise 25. Exercitatio Elleiptica Nova , or a new Mathematical Contemplation on the Oval●figure , called an Elleipsis ; together with the two first books of Mydorgius his Conicks Analiz'd , and made so plain , that the Doctrine of Conical Sections may be easily understood , a work much desired , and never before publisht in the English tongue , by Jonas Moor , Surveyor General of the great Level of the Fennes . 26. The Joyes of Heaven , the Saints support in Gods promises on earth , Christs Sermons on the Beatitudes . An exposition of the fifth Chapter of St. Mathew , delivered in several Sermons by Mr. Jeremiah , Burraihgs the last Sermons he preacht a little before his death , at St. Giles Cripple-gate , London . FINIS . A World of Errors DISCOVERED IN THE New World of Words , OR General English DICTIONARY . AND IN NOMOTHETES , OR THE INTERPRETER OF LAW-WORDS and TERMS . By Tho. Blount of the Inner Temple , Esquire . PROV . 27.5 . Melior est manifesta correptio , quam amor absconditus . In the SAVOY : Printed by T. N. for Abel Roper , John Martin , and Henry Herringman , at the Sun in Fleetstreet , over-against St. Dunstans Church , at the Bell in St. Pauls Churchyard , and at the Blew Anchor in the Lower Walk of the New Exchange . 1673. TO THE READER . MVst this then be suffered ? A Gentleman for his divertisement writes a Book , and this Book happens to be acceptable to the World , and sell ; a Book-seller , not interessed in the Copy , instantly employs some Mercenary to jumble up another like Book out of this , with some Alterations and Additions , and give it a new Title ; and the first Author 's out-done , and his Publisher half undone . Thus it fared with my Glossographia , the fruit of above Twenty years spare hours , first published in 1656. Twelve Moneths had not passed , but there appeared in Print this New World of Words , or General English Dictionary , extracted almost wholly out of mine , and taking in its first Edition even a great part of my Preface ; onely some words were added and others altered , to make it pass as the Authors legitimate off-spring . In these Additions and Alterations he not seldom erred , yet had not those Errors been continued , with new supplies to a Second and third Impression , so little was I concerned at the particular injury , that these Notes ( in great part collected from his first Edition ) had never reproached his Theft to the World. First therefore , this gallant Peice faces it with a pompous Frontispiece , wherein are sculped our two famous Universities , the Pictures of Sir Francis Bacon , Sir Henry Spelman , Mr. Selden , Camden , and others of our most Learned Men of the last Age , with a Scholar of each Vniversity in his Formalities . And the Title Page affirms the work to be very necessary for strangers , as well as our own Countreymen : As if our Author intended the World should believe his Book to be the Fac totum of all Great Britains learning , and himself the Parent of so immense a Production . Soon after we find a Catalogue prefixed of the names of divers Learned Persons of this Age , Eminent in or contributary to any of those Arts , Sciences , or faculties contained in the following Work. Whereby the Author would at least obscurely insinuate , that those Learned Persons had contributed to or assisted him in it , thereby to advance its reputation ; but I believe nothing less , having heard some of the cheif of them utterly disown both the Author and his Work. Thus does the Book pride it self in vanity and outward form ; but when you come to the substance , you will find Dr. * Skinners Judgment , both of it and the Author most true . In one place he says — Et pro more Authoris exponitur absurdissime . In another — Ridicule ut solet omnia . In a third — Ubi notare est miserimam Authoris ignorantiam , &c. What then will Strangers think of it ; what our own Countreymen ? They will say , Canis festinans caecos parit catulos : That such a Dictionary cannot be hudled up in Eight or ten Moneths , nor without much industry and care , though the Author be never so learned . For we read of an Italian Dictionary that was Forty years in compiling by the joynt-labor of several Learned Men ; and that Sir Francis Bacon , after he had written his Instauratio Magna , did , year by year for Twelve years , revise and alter it , before he would commit it to the Press . All Writers may modestly claim the benefit of Humanum est Errare ; but certainly our Author has transgressed the bounds of that Indulgence . For , I did not read half his Book to pick up these , with many more Exceptions . What then would a more knowing Reader discover , that should seriously peruse the whole ? Miserimam Authoris ignorantiam . But that which cheifly incited me to this publication , was in some measure to redeem the Terms of the Common Law of the Land from the scandal of a most Barbarous and Senceless Interpretation , which too too often occurs through his Book ; though all other subjects have not scaped too without their share in his mistakes . As first for Words of Ecclesiastical use , How grosly hath he abused the two common words , Candlemass and Ember-week ? Are we not like to have an accurate account of obsolete , difficult , or foreign words from him who stumbles so miserably at plain Ember-week ? There being a particular Devotion ordered for those weeks in the Liturgy of the Church of England . But he still fancies himself under a Commonwealth , and a Church without Bishops , as appears in Sequestration , Down , Court of Peculiars — Perhaps he hath been more versed in Military Affairs ; alass no , his interpretation of Blunderbuss and Dag shews how little he is to be trusted with Weapons . He hath also given a fair specimen of his skill in Sea-Terms by interpreting Balass and Jetson ; nay , he hath shewn an extraordinary endeavor and dexterity in mistaking , else he could never have erred in those things that are common in all Trading and Commerce , as Gallon , Pipe , Cloue , Weigh , &c. But , to the Particulars in order as they lie . A World of Errors DISCOVERED In the New World of WORDS , OR General English DICTIONARY . AMesse , A Priests Hood or Cap , which he weareth in the Quire. Both the word itself is mistaken , and the signification : The word is Amice ( from amictus ) which is a Linnen Cloth , with two long strings , which the Priest puts about his Neck , and ties the strings about his middle . Amoctise , To kill . It has a more usual and proper signification , viz. To grant Alien , or give Land in Mortmain . Ancient Demeasn ( a term in Common Law ) signifying a publick tribute by a Tenure , whereby all Manners belonging to the Crown in the days of Edgar or Saint Edward , did hold . There is nothing of a Publick Tribute , nor of Edgar in the Point . Ancient Demain is a Tenure , whereby all the Crown-Mannors in the days of Edward the Confessor , or William the Conqueror were held : and the number of them particularly appears in Domesday , under the title ●erra Regis . Balasse , A Saxon word , signifying Gravel laid in the bottom of a Ship , to keep it upright . He mistakes the word for Ballast , which is a Dutch word , nor does it signifie onely Gravel , but any other ponderous substance . Balasse hath a different signification . Baronage , A Tax or Subsidy of Aid , to be levied for the King out of the Precincts of Baronies . The word had never any such signification till now . Rex & Baronagium suum is taken for the King , and all His Subjects , or the whole Parliament representing them ; according to Selden in his Titles of Honor. Bastard , Signifies , in the Common Law , one begotten out of Wedlock — One may be begotten out of Wedlock , yet be no Bastard , by our Authors leave . Beacon and Beads , He derives from the Dutch , which are Saxon words , as Dr. Skinner will inform him in his Etymologicon linguae Anglicanae . Bigamy , The marriage of two Wives at the same time , which according to Common Law hinders a man from taking holy orders . Here our Author speaks some truth , at peradventure : For he that marries two Wives at the same time commits Felony , and the punishment of Felony is Death ; which ( suppose it be by hanging ) may very well hinder him from taking holy Orders — I find he does not understand the word . Blunderbusse , A long Gun that will carry — Here long stands for short , by a new figure . Bordlanders , The Demeans that the Lords keep in their hands for the maintenance of their Board or Table . He should have said Bordlands ; for Bordlanders are the Tenants that held such Lands , called in Domesday Bordarii . Bowsing in Faulconry , is when , &c. This &c. is a new way of explicating words . Brigandine ( French ) An ancient kind of Armor — Also a kind of Ship or Pinnace . This last is a Brigantine . Brudunsium , A Town in Italy . Sure he aim'd at Brundusium , a City of Calabria , by the Adriatick Sea. Buckwheat , A Herb growing in Woods — This is otherwise called French-Wheat , and is a sort of Grain , much sown in Wales and some parts of England , and used for feeding Swine and Poultry . Calcedon , A word used by Lapidaries , being a certain Forbe-vein in a Ruby or Saphire — This was an Errata of the Printer in the first Edition of Glossographia , whence our Author misunderstandingly borrowed it ; it should be Fowle-vein , for there is no such word as Forbe . Camuledunum or Camoledunum , The cheif Town of Essex in England , Vulgarly called Colchester , or rather Maldon . This is most usually written Camalodunum , a name never given to Colchester , but to Maldon , which is not the cheif Town of Essex . Candlemass , The second day of February , so called ( as some think ) because about that time they left of burning Candles at Mass , which was between Four and five of the Clock — This is so ridiculously absurd , that ( as some think ) none but our Author ever Printed the like ; if between Four and five of the Clock relate to the morning ( 2 Febr. ) then they must say Mass in the dark , if to the afternoon , then it sutes with Colonel Barksteads wisdom , who in the Rump time committed a Papist for being at an Evening Mass ( as he called it ) at an Ambassadors House in Longacre . Chace ( French ) A Warren — He might as well have said a Bull is an Ox ; for Chace and Warren ( so they are written ) differ as much . Cloue , A Law Term , the two and thirtieth part of a weight . Weight for Weigh makes it unintelligible , yet so it has pass'd in all three Impressions of his Book . Conventual Church , A Parish Church . It is no Parish Church ; as most men , exce●t our Author , know . A Cord of Wood , A parcel of Fire-wood , set out as the Coal-fire , containing in measure — How shall we understand this without an Oedipus ? Corporation ( Lat ▪ ) In the Civil Law signifieth a Body Politick , &c. It is not a Civil-Law term : The Civilians call it Vniversitatem or Collegium . Corsary ( French ) A Courrier . This comes from the Italian , Corsaro , and signifies a Pirat or Pirats-ship ; which the Author might have learnt from our weekly Gazets . The Decimal Chain , A certain Mathematical Instrument for the measuring of Land , which is to be divided into ten equal parts , each of which containeth about nineteen in length . Here we are put to a subaudi , or else it is nonsence . Descalsas ( Spanish ) A sort of Fryers in Spain that go barelegged . Barefoot , he should have said , for so the word imports ; and those Fryers are elswhere , as well as in Spain . Dislodge , A term in hunting , applied to a Buck , when you first raise him . I see our Author is no good Huntsman , for it is rowze a Buck , and dislodge a Stag. Doublet , A precious Stone , consisting of two peices joyned together . Nor good Lapidary ; for a Doublet is no precious Stone , but a counterfeit , consisting usually of two peices of Glass artificially put together , with a foyl in the midst , answerable in colour to that Stone you would have it resemble . But it is ordinary with him to take counterfeit for right . Downe , The name of a Town in Ireland , formerly a Bishops See. I doubt our Author still fancies we are under a levelling Commonwealth ; for Downe is now , as formerly , a Bishops See. Droit , Signifieth in Common Law , a double right , the right of possession , and the right of the Lord. Sometimes our Author , when he borrows out of another Book , swallows an Erratum of the Printer , and puts it down sence or not sence . Here he fancied an Erratum , when there was none ; for this word in our Law-Expositors is , Droit-droit or Dreit-dreit , signifying a double right , that is , Jus possessionis & jus dominii ; which he thought to correct , by making a single Droit to signifie a double right ; and by translating Jus Dominii , the right of the Lord. Ember Week , In Latine , Cineralia , the week before Lent , wherein by the ancient Institution of the Church , people were to fast , and the Bishop used to sprinkle Ashes on their Heads , saying , Remember O Man , that thou art ashes , and to ashes thou shalt return : Imber signifying in the Saxon tongue Ashes , whence our word Embers cometh — We will for once enumerate the Errors in the Exposition of this one word . 1. He concludes there is but one Ember-week , of four well known . 2. Cineralia is Latine for Ash-wednesday . 3. The Ember-week he aimed at , is not before Lent , but in the first whole week of Lent. 4. By no Institution , were people to fast the week before Lent. 5. The Bishop did not sprinkle Ashes on their Heads , but made a Cross on their Foreheads with Ashes — 6. The words were Memento homo , quia pulvis es — Dust , not Ashes . 7. Imber in the Saxon Tongue , does not signifie Ashes , nor in truth is there any such word . And ( 8 ) by consequence our word Embers cannot come from thence . Our Author ought to do some penance to expiate these faults . Emergent , An Emergent occasion is taken for a business of great consequence . Well guessed ! An Emergent occasion , is that which rises unexpectedly out of some other , and was not foreseen . Enquest In Common Law , is the tryal of causes both Civil and Criminal by the Jury . It is not the tryal it self , but that Inquisition which the Jury makes in all Causes , Civil , or Criminal , touching the Matter in Fact , in order to their Verdict and the Tryal . Errant , A Justice which rides the Circuit , from the Latine word Errare . This is an errant mistake ; for it does not alone signifie such a Justice ; the Latine in the Statute of Marlebridge is Justificiarii Itinerantes , which Sir Edward Coke sometimes Englishes Justices in Eire , sometimes Justices Itinerant ; and the Mirror , cap. 6. says in French , Que sont ore apels Justices Errants . If our Author had said , that Errant is sometimes used for a Knight Errant , it had been more allowable . Exigent ( Lat. ) A Writ that lieth — It is di●ected to the Sheriff to call five County days under pain of Outlary . It should be to call the party five County days — otherwise it is nonsence . Ex parte Latis , A Writ that lieth — This is an Errata in Cowels Interpreter , whence our Author took it , right or wrong , it matters not : It should be Ex parte talis . Extrajudicial , That which is done out of Court. That which is done in Court may be Extrajudicial . Faloque ( French ) A Boat or Barge , by some called a Brigantine . Fa●oque is a little Boat with four Oars , and a Brigantine ( as our Author himself says elswhere ) is a small Ship or Pinnace . Feversham , A flourishing Town in Kent — Where King Steven founded an Abbey for the Monks of Clugny , &c. This Towns name is Faversham , and the Abbey ( however at first intended ) was stocked with the Monks of S. Bennets Order ; as we read in Monastichon Favershamiense , a late ingenuous Book . Franchise Royal , Is where the King Grants to a person and his heirs to be quit , or the like . To be quit , of , God knows what . Francis , A proper name of Man or Woman . Francis is the Mans name , Frances the Womans . Frank-chace , A liberty belonging to a Forester , by which all men having Land within such a compass , are prohibited to cut down Weeds without his view . Though we should allow Weeds for Wood , to be the Printers fault ; yet the rest is erroneous . Frithsoken , A surety or defence ; from the Saxon words Frid , i. e. Peace , and Socen , i. e. To seek . Neither is the Explication true , nor the Derivation . The Saxon words are Frith , Peace ; and Soc , a Liberty or Power . So that Frithsocne signifies a Power or Jurisdiction of keeping the Peace . Gainage , In Common Law , is Land held of the Baser kind of Sokemen or Villains . Sufficiently mistaken . We never till now read of Land held of Villains , who had no property but Ad voluntatem Domini . Gallon ( Spanish ) A measure containing two quarts . Our Author had better omitted this word , since every Alewife can contradict him . Garnishment ( French ) Signifieth in Common Law , the issuing forth a Writ of Scire facias against the Plaintiff , for an Action of Detin●e of Charters brought against the Defendant . Perfect nonsence ! Garnishment , in Law , signifies a Warning : If you will know particularly how the word is used , you had need find out a better Expositor , then our Author . Grand Sergeanty , A certain kind of service , whereby the Lords of Scrivelby in Cheshire held their Land , which was to come well armed , &c. If the Author had well explicated the word , his mistaking Cheshire for Lincolnshire had been the more pardonable . Goman ( Saxon ) A married man ; and Gron , a Saxon word , signifying a Fenny place . Neither of them ( for ought I know ) are at all of kin to that Language . For thus the Learned Dr. Skinner on the word Goman , Author ( meaning ours ) dicit esse vocem Angl. — Sax. sed solens hallucinatur . To Grown , The Foresters say , A Buck growneth . But what it means you must learn elswhere ; for this is all he says of the word . Hankwit or Hangwit ( Saxon ) A Theif escaped out of Custody . It is a Mulct or Fine , for hanging a Theif unjustly . Hoc●tide , A certain Festival time , celebrated about Candlemass , for the death of Hardiknute , the last King of the Danes ; it is also called Blazetide , in Latine Fugalia . Hocktide was celebrated the second week after Easter , for expulsion of the Danes , after the death of Hardicanute . And Fugalia signifies a Feast solemnised in remembrance of driving the Kings out of Rome . Iansenism , The opinion of Cornelius Jansenus , Bishop of Tyre — For , Cornelius Jansenius , Bishop of Ypre in Flanders — Ichidian , A Motto or Devise , heretofore belonging to the Arms of the Princes of Wales — He might have learned to have written this better from some Sign in London , viz. Ic-dien ; the old Saxon was Ic-pe●● , i. e. I serve . Ietson , The same as Flotson . They are no more of kin , then the Land is to the Sea ; for Ietson is that , which being cast out of a Ship , in danger of Wreck , is found upon the shoar ; and the other is that which is found floating upon the Sea ▪ Innocents-day , 28 Dec. Wherein Mass used to be said for the Souls of the Innocent Children slain by Herod . Certainly Mass was never said for the Souls of Saints and Martyrs , who are in glory . But in the Mass or Church ▪ service of the day there is a particular commemoration of those Martyred Children . Inquisition , — The name of a Grand Council , instituted by Ferdinand , the Catholick King of Spain — And in the word Dominicans , Saint Dominick is said to be the Author of this Inquisition — So apt our Author is to forget himself , Frigida es . & nigra es , es , & non es Chione . Ioynder , In Common Law is the coupling of two in a soite one against another . We allow soite to be the Printers fault , yet the rest is nonsence . It is the joyning of two in a suit against a third person . Iopoena , For J●paean , and Justices a Writ for Justicies — Such we meet with almost in every Page . Knight Baronet , Is a new distinct order erected by King James — Whereas before that time there were Baronets that were not Knights — A Baronet ( quatenus such ) being created by Letters Patent , is no Knight ; nor was there ever any Baronets before King James Institution of them . Howbeit anciently the word Baronet was sometimes used for Baneret , and sometimes for Baro minor . Lease — If it be in writing , it is called a Lease by Indenture , if by word of mouth , a Lease Parcel . A Lease Parol , he should have said . Leet ( Sax. ) A Law-day , whence Court-Leet is a Court or Jurisdiction , containing the third part of a Shire , and comprehending three or four Wapentakes or Hundreds — This is an imperfect fragment taken out of Cowels Interpreter , who says indeed , that Court Leets , had anciently such large Jurisdictions , but have not so now . Lemstir , A Town of Herefordshire — Is now a days very famous for Wool , which is called Lemster ▪ Ore. A gross mistake , Lemster-Ore ( from the Latine Ora ) is a Territory or Compass of Ground of about two miles round the Town , so called ; and the Wool had never any such denomination . Libertatibus allocandis , A Writ that lieth for a Citizen or Burgess of a City , who refusing or deferring to allow his priviledge , is impleaded before the Kings Justices . Capiat , qui capere potest ; Make sence of this that can . Lungis ( French ) A tall slim Man , that hath no length to his heighth . Quasi , A low gross Man that has no thickness to his bulk . Lutheranism , The Doctrine of Martin Luther , who being first a Monk of the Order of S. Augustine — There were , nor are any Monks of S. Austins Order , but Fryers . Mac , An Irish word , signifying as much as Son in English , or Fitz in Welsh . I see our Author is no Britain , nor Frenchman , else he would have understood that Fitz is borrowed from the French , not Welsh . Mallevertes , The name of an ancient Family in Yorkshire . Mistaken for Mallivery , according to Camden . Missale ( Lat. ) A Breviary or Mass-Book . This Error he borrowed out of Cotgraves Dictionary . The Books are of very different kinds . Mission ( Lat. ) A sending ; it is also taken peculiarly , or if a power given by the Church of Rome , to go — Nonsence ; if the Printer do not acquit him . Nativo habendo , A Writ for the apprehending and restoring to his Lord his Villain , claimed as his inheritance , who in Common Law is called Neif . However blundringly the words are put together , the Author intends Neif shall relate to Villain , and Villain to be a Man ; but Neif is the Bond-woman or she Villain . Nonability ( A Term in Law ) Being an exception taken against the Plaintiff or Defendant , why he cannot commence any sute in Law. We must convert Defendant into Demandant , to make it tolerable sence . None of a day , The third quarter of a day , from Noon till Sun-set . Where then shall we find the other three quarters ? — He should have said from Noon till the Sun be half-way down . An Obit ( Lat. ) A Rental , an Obsequy or Funeral . It signifies an Office or certain Prayers for the dead . Oratorians , An Order of Fryers , so called — They are not Fryers , but a kind of Regular-Secular Priests . Ordeal , a Saxon word , Signifying Judgment , a kind of purgation — Of which there are several kinds , as Camp●ight , Free Ordeal , and Water Ordeal . Camp●ight was none of the kinds of Ordaele , and Free Ordaele , should be Fire Ordaele . For Ordalium suit judicium aquae , ignis , & ferri . Ostiary , ( Lat. ) One that keeps the Hoasts in a Church : a Door Keeper , a Keeper . If he had onely said a Door Keeper , he had preserved the word from an erroneous explication . For Ostiary has no relation to the keeping the Hoasts in a Church . Pathopep ( Greek ) An expression of a Passion , in Rhetorick it is a figure by which the mind . We are left to guess at the rest ; for so he leaves it . And Pathopep is an unknown word of his New World. The Court of Peculiars , A certain Court in the Bishops time , which dealt in certain Parishes — This is a certain kind of Independent — Commonwealth expression ; insinuating a certain Non-Entity of Bishops at present . Peter-pence , A tribute given by Inas , King of the West-Saxons . — It was also called the See of Rome . It was also called Romefeoh and Rome-penny , and was a Pension or an Alms given by King Inas , not a Tribute . Pipe , A Measure of Wine or Oyl , containing Twenty six Gallons , or half a Tun. By this account , a Tun should be but Fifty two Gallons , which contains Two hundred fifty two . The Prerogative Court , A certain Court belonging to the Civil Law , in which the Commissary sits upon Inheritances , faln either by the intestate or by Will and Testament . This is an Ecclesiastical Court , wherein all Testaments are proved and Administrations granted , where the party dying within the Province of Canterbury hath Bona notabilia in some other Diocess . V. Cokes 4. Inst. fol. 335. Pownd , In Common Law , signifie an Inclosure to keep Beasts in , but more especially a place of strength , where Cattle distreined for any trespass are put , until they be replevied or distreined . — Where Cattle distreined are put , till they be distreined ; is suitable to the rest . Primier Seisin , A word used in Common Law , a Branch of the Kings Prerogative , whereby he hath the first possession of all Lands and Tenements through the Realm . This is sufficiently erroneous : The King ( before the Statute of 12 Car. 2. ca. 24. ) had the Primier Seisin , or first possession onely of all Lands and Tenements holden of him in cheif , whereof his Tenant died seised in Fee ; which is taken away by the said Statute . Quaver , A measure of time in Musick , being the half of a Crotchet , as a Crotchet the half of a Quaver , a Semiquaver , &c. What fustian is here ? Just so , two is the half of four , and four the half of two ; and Semiquaver is explicated by a dumb , &c. Reasonable Aid , In Common Law is a duty , that the Lord of the Fee claimeth , holding by Knights Service or in Soccage , to marry his Daughter , or make his son Knight . I doubt our Author bears some malice to the Common Law ; else he could not have maimed so many of its Terms , which are in several Books expounded to his hand : It should be ( claimeth of his Tenants ) to make it sence . Returns , Certain set times in each of the four Terms — Each Term consisting of 4 , 5 , or 8 Returns — The longest ●erm has but ● Returns , as every Almanack will shew . Rosemary ( Lat. Rosmarinus ) A well and most wholsome Plant — He omits the singular use of it , in adorning a piece of Roast Beef . Scapular ( Lat. ) Belonging to the Sholders ; whence a Scapulary , a Monks Hood or Cowl , reaching down to the Sholders . This Scapulary is mis-interpreted , it being a narrow piece of Cloth or Stuff , worn by Monks and Fryars over the rest of their habit ▪ and reaching from the Sholders to the Ground ; and is neither like a Hood nor Cowl . Sequestration ( Lat. ) A separating a thing in controversie — But it is now commonly taken for a seising upon the Rents of Delinquents Estates , for the use of the Common-wealth . Our Author having Revised and Printed his Book ( as appears by the Title-page ) in the year 1671. is very bold , to call this Kingdom a Commonwealth ; as he also does in the word Coroner , where he speaks of the State , and Commonwealth of England . Se●agesm Sunday , The Sunday before Shrove-Tuesday . Sexagesima Sunday , is the Sunday sennight before Shrove-Tuesday . Sha●ment , A kind of measure containing an hand bredth . It is from the top of the Thumb set upright to the utmost part of the Palm , which is , by a tall mans hand , half a foot . Socinians , A certain Sect that deny the Divinity of Christ , first spred by Faustus Socinianus of Siena . It was first broached by Laelius Socinus , and advanced by Faustus Socinus of Sienna . T●er●e ( French ) A certain liquid measure , containing the third part of a Pipe , which is two Tuns . And before he said a Pipe is Twenty six Gallons , or half a Tun. Strange contradictions and mistakes even in common notions . Trestle , A Trevet or Stool with three Feet . Trevet is a Three-footed i●strument of Iron , to set Cauldrons on — Threstle , that of Wood , for other uses . Tuilleries ( French ) So called because that Ti●les were made there . Tiles and Titles are all one with our Author . Uerdera ( Lat. Viridarius ) A judicial Officer of the Kings Forest — This our Author will say was the Printers fault , for Verderer . And Uncore purist ( French ) — For Vncore prist . Warrant or Warranty , In Common Law , is a Covenant made in a Deed by one man to another , to warrant and secure himself and his heirs , against all men whatsoever , for the injoyning of any thing agreed on between them . Surely , no man will buy any Land of this Author , if his Warranty or Covenant shall onely extend to secure himself and his heirs . Warren ( Lat. Varrenna or Vivarium ) A Prescription or Grant to a Man from the King , of having Phesants , Patridges , Conies , and Hares , within certain of his Lands . Nor does this mend the matter ; for though a man may have a Warren by Prescription , yet Warren does not signifie a Prescription or Grant. Wolfetchsod ( Sax. ) The condition of an Vtlary . The Saxon word is Wulvesheved or Wulfesheofod , Anglice Wolfeshead , and Vtlary for Vtlaw . Saint Wilfrids Needle , A certain narrow hole in the Church of Wakeman in Yorkshire , wherein womens honesties were in times past tryed . There is no such Church as Wakeman in Yorkshire : But Camden in his Britannia relates the same story of Rippon Church ; and the Cheif Magistrate of that Town being called the Wakeman , our Author by a new Trope , converts the Magistrates name into a Church . Xerxes , A King of Persia — Who with an Army of Seventeen hundred thousand Men — Thou Boy ! I never read his Army consisted of above Ten hundred thousand , and so Thomasius and Goldman deliver it . Other Authors say , even there is a ●ipher too much , and that his Army was made up of onely One hundred thousand men . IN perusing this Dictionary , you may find some words twice explicated , and those too , with different Interpretations , where one must necessarily be false . Such are Dancet and Dansette ; Dodkin and Dotkin ; Jotacism and Herbert twice ; Ockham and Okum ; Rere-County and Rier-County ; Varry and Verrey , with divers others . It seems our Authors memory also failed him , or he did not understand them to be the same . He calls his Book The New World of Words , and in his Title Page tells us it contains the proper significations and Etymologies of all words derived from the Hebrew , Arabick , Syriack — enumerating in all Eleven Languages ; yet descends to the needless Explication of many trivial words of the Old World , as Beesom , Barm , Parsly , Rosemary , Bulhead , Buzzard , Capable , Gloomy , Indifference , Industry , Inferior , Satisfaction , Discern , Expence , Ruinous , &c. For example . BEesom , A thing to sweep with , made sometimes of Broom , and ordinari●y so cal●ed , though made of Birch , Heath , &c. We are obliged to him for this Learned Exposition ; though he does not tell us , whether it be derived from the Hebrew , Arabick , or Syriack , &c. To have made it at all fit to take up a room in his Book , he might have said the Saxons cal●ed it a Besm , and that in some parts of England it is otherwise called a Broom . Barm , Yest , the flowing or overdecking of Beer . If he had told us , that this in the North of England is called Godsgood , he had said something . We will observe lastly , what the Learned Dr. Skinner in his Etymologicon Linguae Anglicanae , says of this Authors English Dictionary , which he often cites and seldom without reproof . COllock , An old Saxon word , signifying a Pail without a handle Engl. Dict. Collock , Authori Dict. Angl. apud quem solum occurrit , exp . qui antiquam Angl. Sax. vocem esse dicit , sed apud Somnerum non occurrit . Credo igitur Authorem hic , ut ferè semper , somniâsse . Dr. Skinner . Calsounds , A kind of Linnen Drawers usually worn among the Turks . Engl. Dict. Colsounds , vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , & , pro more Authoris , exponitur absurdissime , ut ipsius verbis utar , A kind of Linnen Drawers usually worn among the Turks , reverà a Fran. Gal. Calcons , Subligaculum , Femoralia interiora . Dr. Skinner . Chestoul , Poppy . Engl. Dict. Chestoul , in Dict. Angl. mendosè pro Chesbowles vel Cheesebowles . Dr. Skinner . Corsary ( French ) A Courrier . Engl. Dict. — Credo autem , si Author hanc vocem unquam legit ▪ vel fando audivit , quod valdè dubito , ipsum in ejus expositione errare . Dr. Skinner . Cosh or Cotterel ( old word ) A Cottage . Engl. Dict. Cosh , Authori Dict. Angl. apud quem solum vox occurrit , dicit esse idem cum Cotterel , ridiculè ut solet omnia . Dr. Skinner . A Dag , A Pistol , so called from the Dacians , who first used them . Engl. Dict. Dag , Vox quae hoc sensu in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , ubi notare est miserrimam Authoris ignorantiam , qui tormentum bellicum manuarium minus , a Pistol exponit , & dictum putat A Dacis , qui primi hoc armorum genere usi sunt ; imò ultimi omnium Europae populorum , Dr. Skinner . Fosset , A little long Coffer or Chest ; from the Latin word Fossa a Ditch . Engl. Dict. Fosset , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit . Exponitur autem Cista , Capsa : Author deducit a Lat. Fossa , imperitè ut solet omnia ; Credo potius ortum ab Ital. Forciere , idem signante . Higginio autem Adr Junii interpreti , Cista dicitur Forset , a quo proculdubio haec vox orta est . Dr. Skinner . Goule ( Old Word ) Vsury ; from the Latin word Gula , i. e. The Throat . Engl. Dict. Goule , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit . Author exponit usuram , & deflectit a Lat. Gula — Ego nihil nec de voce ipsa , quòd unquam revera extiterit , nec de Etymo credo . Dr. Skinner . A Marrow ( French ) A Companion or Fellow ; also a Beggarly Rascal . Engl. Dict. Author malè , u● solet omnia , exponit Socium , item mendic●●● vilem , A Beggarly Rascal . Priori enim sensu nusquam gentium occurrit , &c. Dr. Skinner . Rigols , A certain Musical Instrument , called a Clericord ▪ comes from the French Regalliadir , i. e. to rejoyce ( for Regaillardir ▪ ) Engl. Dict. Rigols , Vox quae mihi in solo Dict. Angl. occurrit , exponitur instrumentum music●m , quod alio nomine Clavichordium , A Clavicord dicitur . Author somniando , ut solet , suaviter deducit a Fr. Gal. Regalliadir , exhilarari . Sanè si talis vox sit , quod nullus credo , mallem deducere a Fr. Gal. Se Rigoler , deridere , lascivire — Vel , quod magis placet , a Lat. Lyricola . Dr. Skinner . Once more to the READER . I Had no sooner travelled over the New World of Words , but I stumbled upon a late Book , entituled Nomothetes , or an Interpreter of obscure Law Words and Terms , which obliged me to the trouble of another perambulation . My Nomolexicon or Law Dictionary ( being the product of many years pains ) was published in Trinity Term 1670. and within the space of Five Terms after , this Interpreter was wholly both Written and Printed . This Author it seems made choice of the Title Nomothetes , that it might gingle with Nom●lexicon ; but the more Learned in the Greek Tongue than my self , affirm the word improper for an Interpreter , and to signifie onely a Legislator or Law-giver ; and how fit he is to assume that title , will soon appear . He dedicates his Book with much confidence , to a learned and very honorable Person , to whom certainly he ought to have written at least in true Grammar . In his Preface he says , — I have also gleaned after the Book , entituled , The Law Dictionary , wherein are many good things , which I have hinted , as every ingenious Reader will discern , but withal have added some Centuries of Words , therein totally omitted . Though I did not expect or desire any commendations from this Gentleman , yet he was in some sort obliged to it , for the credit of his own Work ; since it is obvious to every common Reader that he has hinted , that is , in the softest phrase , borrowed almost every Stone from the Law Dictionary to build up his Interpreter ; yet with very disingenuous arts and subtile disguises . His Additional Centuries of words he might , without so much as ever scratching his head , have multiplied into Millenaries ; since he has ( by vertue of his Nomothetical power ) adopted many into the family of Law words , which are absolute strangers to it . As House , Moer , Palmer , Paragraph , Paranimph , Parathalassia , Patriarch , Tillage , Wife , Zenodochium , Zealot — and such like . But , it may be objected , The Law Dictionary too hath divers words that are not precisely Terms of the Law. I grant it , but say , they are some way or other allied to the Law , and not to be found in our common Dictionaries , and whereto I add the Statute , Record , or Charter , wherein I found them , as my Warrant for their insertion ; one principal part of my design having been , from the ruines of antiquity , to retrieve , as far as I was able , ancient Law-Latine , Saxon , and Record-words , almost utterly lost , as Bescata , Juncaria , Tassum , Putura , Rasarium , Sichetum , — a work of labor , and may be of use ; but our Author found an easier way to the Wood. It is enacted in the Fourteenth year of His Majesties Reign , That no person shall Print any Book or Copy , or part of any , which another , by due entry of it in the Stationers Hall , or otherwise , hath the right or priviledge solely to Print , without the consent of the owner of such Book or Copy , upon a Penalty therein mentioned ; however this evasion hath been industriously found out , That , if some little alteration be made in every Page , be it but addition or substraction , or the misusing or change of some words , it will pass with a non obstante ; though such as practise it , are dignified with the name of Land-Pirates : To which title our Author hath undoubted right , not for this Work onely , but for other of like nature . Thus then he shews his skill . Where I put the Citation before the Exposition , he puts it after , Et e contra , as in Scavage , Waxshot — Where I say , As in the Case of the Burgesses of Derby — He — As in the matter concerning the Burgesses of Derby . See Thrave of Corn. Where I say small , he says little , as in Grills ; and where I say called , he writes nominated , as in Candlemass . Where I ( having cited an old Deed or Charter ) say at last Penes such a one , he says in the custody of — As in Assart . Where I say , The word is mentioned in such a Statute , he says spoken of — As in Pyker . Where I say — Most notoriously , he more notedly . Vide Term. Then for variety , he sometimes puts my Citation into English ; and it is odds he makes nonsence of it , by so doing , as in Pax Ecclesiae , Seneucia — Again , he sometimes abridges , as in Eskippeson ; and sometimes wholly omits the Citation , as in Leccator , Orgallous — Not reflecting that I had not at all inserted those words , but for the authority of the Citations . To some Words he adds , others he alters — As where I say , Balenger seems to have been a kind of Barge or Water-Vessel ; he alters it thus subtilely , A Boat or Barge to sail on the Water . So in Blomary , I onely cite the Statute of 27 Eliz. 19. He , of this you may read at large , 27 Eliz. 19. In which Statute the word is barely mentioned , without any thing of it at large . Lastly , He hath an excellent way of mustering words up to a Century , and filling up Paper , by dividing one word into two , as in Couratier , and repeating the Exposition of Synonima's , as Annats , First-fruits , and Primitiae ; Romefeoh , Romepenny , and Romescot ; Heinfare , Henfare , and Hinefare . His principal Additions are certain Saxon words in Domesday Book , said to be expounded by Mr. Agar , and Printed in a Book ealled The Law of Conveyances : The most part of which I rejected , as full of Errors , some of the Words being mistaken , and more of the Expositions . So that I concluded , it either was not really Mr. Agars , or else much abused by the ignorance of the Transcriber or Printer , however our Author kindly entertained them , to pass muster . I was not willing to trouble my self or the Reader , with any more of these absurdities , though I can produce at least Two hundred , besides misalphabets and false English in great abundance , and none of them excused by any Errata . I have onely to add , That , besides his own mistakes , he brings most of the Authors he deals with , even the Sages of the Law , as Bracton , Dyer , Coke , &c. to be accessory to his Errors , by quoting them falsly : But I am willing to say somewhat in his excuse , he was set on work by some Booksellers , and enjoyned to make great expedition , some of his hasty work , having been Printed before the rest was written , and much written before half digested : If they had allowed their Compiler more time , perhaps he could have done better . ERRORS Discovered in the miscalled NOMOTHETES OR THE INTERPRETER OF OBSCURE LAW-WORDS and TERMS . ACcessory — Because Manslaughter is sudden and not presented . Coke , lib. 4. fol. 44. And , under the same Title-word , he says , If a Man counsel a Woman to murther the child in her Womb , and afterwards the child is born , and there murthered by the Woman , in the absence of him that so gave the counsel ; yet he is accessory by his counselling before the Birth of the Infant , and countermanding it . Dyer , fol. 186. pl. 2. Here are no less than three gross mistakes in these few lines , and Dyer vouched for Warranty . Acre — He concludes this word thus , — As was adjudged in the Exchequer , in the Case between Sir Edw. Aston and Sir Jo. B. in the Statute made concerning sowing Flax. Wondering how this Statute came to be hauld in without any Coherence , I found at last , our Author ( who was in hast ) hath omitted two or three lines of the subsequent matter , which should make it sence . Ayde — In the close of this word , the Author hath this piece of nonsence . The Civil in Suits between two , allow a third to come in pro interesse — Allay — The reason of which Allay is with a better metal , to augment the weight of the Silver or Gold. I never heard of a better metal , than Gold ; but hope he intended to have said baser . Aneestor , Antecessor . The signification is well known , but we make this difference ; that Ancestor is applied to a natural person , as J. S. and his Ancestors ; the other to a Body Politick or Corporate , as a Bishop and his Predecessors . Coke on Littl. lib. 2. cap. 4. sect . 103. To what ( the other ) relates , does not appear , however my Lord Coke is injuriously represented , as the Author of this blundering , ●ame expression . Arabant , Are they that held by tenure of Ploughing or Tilling Ground . These Arabants were certainly a sort of excellent Plough-men Sic vos , non vobis , fertis aratra Boves . Arsura , Things relating to Coynage . Arsura is the singular number , and is often found in Domesday , where ( as a Learned Expositor says ) Videtur esse examinatio per ignem . The tryal of money after it was coyned . Assault — Assultus est in personam aut locum — Vel equo aut manchinis aut quacunque alia re — Our Author had done well to have interpreted this uncouth word manchinis . Assise of Mortdancestor — This the Civilians call Judicium Possessiorum adipiscendi . The Civilians disclaim the word Possessiorum , and so does Priscian too . Attainted — One Attaint , was , in former times upon his confession , constrained to abjure the Realm , and therefore was sometimes called Abjuration . And for this is cited , Stam. Pl. Cor. fol. 182. but abusively . Aurum Reginae , The Queens Silver . Then let Argentum Reginae be the Queens Gold. — But it is a good stumble that never Horses . Bachelor — Baccalaurei a bacillo nominati sunt , quia primi studit authoritatem , quae per exhibitionem baculi concedebatur , jam consecuti fuissent , &c. This studit is a quarrelsome word , and will certainly break Priscians Head. Balenger — Seems to be a kind of Barge or Boat to sail upon the Water . This may very well be true ; for I never heard of any such to sail upon the Land. And note , those words ( to sail upon the Water ) are added to what the Law Dictionary says . Bane — He which is the cause of another mans , is said then to be Labane , a Malefactor . If our Author write no better sence ; it will be the Bane of his Interpreter ; and I think the Banes may very lawfully be forbidden . Baron — Barons by Letters Patent or Creation ( say our Antiquaries ) were first about the time of Henry the Sixth . It may well be suspected our Author consulted none of our Antiquaries herein ; for the first Baron by Creation was in the second of Richard the Second . Berwick — Spelman thinks it may be Manerium majus ad minus pertinens . This is a great injury to that learned Author , who says the direct contrary , as you may read in his Glossarium , verbo , Berenuica . Besca — Hence perhaps Vna bescata fodient terrae inclusa . Mon. Angl. pag 2. fol. 642. Here is a like false citation imposed upon another worthy Author ; though the words lay fair in the Law Dictionary . Botting , Is a term of art used in Greys Inn , whereby they intend private arguing of Cases . I have heard of Botting of Barly in the Countrey — But what our Author aimed at , is Bolting , and some Bolts are soon shot . Breve — Quia breviter & paucis verbis intentionem proferens exponit . Bracton , lib. 5. Nor must learned Bracton scape , without having false Latine imposed upon him . Bullenger , The common Petition , that some Commissioners issued to Cities , for the preparing Boats and Bullengers , may be repealed . Our Author had a fair Copy , from whence he transcribed this . viz. The Law D●ctionary , but his hast has shuffled it into nonsence . Burse or Colibti , A word used in Domesday — Colibti is not to be found there , unless with a dash on the b for Coliberti ; and how Burse and Colibti come to be Synonima , is beyond a common skill to imagine . Buzecatle , Bursecaples , or Botlecals , the same with Boatswain or Mariner . It is much , our Author should not write one of these three words true ; but coyn such as were never before heard of : Buzzard had been a more allowable mistake . The true word is Buscarl or Buzecarl . Carucata , A Plough Land — Skene , de verbo signif . deriveth it from the French Charon , a Plough — There is no such French word as Charon , nor is it so in Skene , de verborum signif . but charrow , which is neerer the true French word charrue , a Plough , then Charon . Cepi corpus , Is a Return made by the Sheriff , that upon a Capias , Exigend or other Process , when he hath taken the body of the party . F. N. B. fol. 26. Here the redundant word ( when ) does much perplex the sence , and make it unintelligible . Clerk — Subdiaconi , Cantoni , Acolythi — This Cantoni is a pretty word , and deserves a particular interpretation . Clerk of the Ax — This word , and the explication our Author took in hast out of the Law Dictionary , never looking upon the Errata of that Book , where he might have found it an acknowledged mistake for Clerk of the Acts , and explicated accordingly . Clerk of the Pleas — Is an Officer in the Exchequer , in whose Official , the Officers of the Court ought to sue — If any Action did lie for writing nonsence ; our Author would find no Plea for himself . Collation of a Benefice — Towards the later end of this Interpretation , you shall find as little sence , as in the former . Commendam — When a Parson is made a Bishop , there is a Cession of his Benefice by the Commotion . Our Author is very unhappy in his variations ; for Commotion marrs the matter . Common Fine — And for this Common Fine the Lord must prescribe , and cannot prescribe for it without prescription , as appears in Godfreys Case , in 11 Rep. Thus my Lord Coke is again brought in to patronize nonsence . Commotes , Signifies in Wales a part of a shire , as a Cantred or Hundred , 28 Hen. 8. cap. 3. It is written Commoiths 4 Hen. 4. cap. 17. And is used for a gathering made upon the people . This last is Comorth , a word of different signification from Commote , and ought not to be confounded with it . Count — But Countors , by Hoens Mirror of Just. lib. 2. cap. des Loyers , 〈◊〉 such Serjeants , skilful in the Law , which serve the common people to defend their Actions in Judicature , for their F●e ; whose duty , if it be , as is there described , and were observed , Men might have much more comfort of the Law , than they have . This our Author transcribed from Cow●ls Interpreter ; and is one of those irreverent reflections upon the Common Law and Lawyers of this Land , which ( among other mistakes , in points derogatory to the supream Power of the Crown of England , and Fundamental Constitutions of Parliaments ) caused that Book to be prohibited by the Kings Proclamation bearing date the 25th day of March , 8 Jac. Anno 1610. Yet our Author in his Preface , takes the boldness to say , That the Ground-work , upon which he builds , is Cowels Interpreter , an excellent Book , b●●h as to its matter and composure , and did not deserve that severe arraignment that is hath of late suffered . Courratier , A French word , signifying a Horse . Courser , ● Inst. fol. 719. Cou●ratier , Is a Hors-courser ; but our Author hath found a new way of dividing one word into two , to make up his Centuries . Cuth , otherwise Uncuth , Privatus vel extraneus — Cuth signifies known , and Uncuth unknown , yet here they are both coupled in one yoke , as Synonima . Custos Brevium — There is also a Custos Brevium & retulorum in the Kings Bench , who Fileth there , and Warrants of Attorney — This is of the same complexion with the rest . Demurrer — West calleth that likewise a Demurrer in Chancery , when there is question made ▪ Whether a Parties Answ●r to a Bill of Complaint , &c. be defective or not , and thereof Reference made to any of the Bench , for the examination thereof , and report to be made to the Court. West Symbol . part . 2. tit . Chancery , sect . 29. There is no such words to be found in the Author , and place cited ; nor is it probable ●o learned a Writer , as West , could be guilty of so erroneous an Interpretation of this common word , Demurrer in Chancery . Donative , Is a business meerly given and collated by the Patron , to a Man — So , if it be given to a Man to be a Plagiary , that is a Donative from his Ingenuity . Dum non fuit compos mentis , Is a Writ that lieth for him , that not being of ●ound memory , did Alien any Lands or Tenements in Fee-simple , Fee tail , for term of life , or for years , against the Aliens . F. N. B. fol. 202. Can it be imagined , that the learned Fitz-Herbert would be guilty of such an absurd Explication ? Enquest — The Jury findeth the fact thus , then is the Law thus ; and so we judge for the Enquest in Criminal Causes . See Jury — The learned will see he writes thus , then is the Law thus , That they will judge him a blind Interpreter . Farding or Farthing of Gold , Seemeth to be a Coyn used in ancient times , containing in value the fourth part of a Noble , viz. Twenty pence in Silver , and in weight the sixth part of an ounce of Gold , that is , of Five shillings in Silver , which is Three pence and somewhat more . — Our Author is very unfortunate in his Additionals , for these contradictory words ( which is Three pence and somewhat more ) are superadded to what the Law Dictionary says . Ferrure , The Shooing of Horses . See Bouch of Court. In Bouche of Court there is nothing at all of Ferrure ; for our Author curtailed my Citation , not regarding this Reference . Filicetum , A bracky ground , Ubi salices crescunt . See Domesday . Filicetum or Filictum , Is a Ferny ground , so says my Lord Coke , 1 Inst. fol. 4. b. I suspect it not to be found in Domesday . Foreigne , Forinsecus , may be derived of the French word Exterus , and in Law is used — The French word ( Forain ) may as well be a Latine word , as Exterus French. Fortlet , Cometh near the French Fortlet — Yes , as near as Four pence to a Groat ; but the French word is Fortelet . Frank-pledge , Franciplegium , Is a Compound irregular of two Languages — It is irregularly said ; for the words are both French. Frustrum Terrae — Domesday , tit . Haritisc . Rex Abedestone — I dare affirm there is no such title , as Haritisc . In Domesday . Gaynage — In the Explication of this word , He tells us of Spokeman and Spokemen ; for it seems he did not like the word Sokeman . Gardeine del Esglish , In English Church-Wardens , and they may have an Action for the Goods of the Grounds ; and divers other things they may do — I would have our Author do any thing hereafter , rather then interpret hard words . Gleabland — The quhilke suld be free fra payment of any Feinds . Skene . This s●ould be Teinds , a Scotish word signifying Taxes . Instead of which , our Author brings in Feinds ( God bless us ) or Evil Spirits . Hankwite — Of the Saxon words Haginan , Pendere , and Wite , mulcta — By some it hath been interpreted Mulcta pro homine injusti suspenso — There is no such Saxon word as Haginan , nor true Latin in the rest . Haratium — As in the Law Dictionary . If our Author had been a Master in this kind of Learning , he might in this word have shewed his skill , and my mistake . For Haratium ( from the French Haras ) signifies a race or breed of Horses , which is the onely material error ( besides those of the Printer ) which I have hitherto discovered in my Book . Heres●ita — From the Saxon here , Exercitus & sliten , to depart — Though this be taken by our Author out of my Lord Cokes 4 Inst. yet it is certainly a mistake , haply of the Printer , there being no such Saxon word as sliten , to depart , but slitan , dissolvere● Herpsac . See Frodmortel . Where there is not a word of Herpsac , for he omitted my citation there , and so Herpsac stands as an insignificant nullo , without interpretation . Hinefare — Si quis occidit hominem & Reges & facit heinfaram , dat Regi xx ? Domesday . The Law Dictionary hath it plainly and truly thus , Si quis occidit hominem Regis & facit Heinfaram dat Regi xxs. Hominatio , It may be called Dominatio . Domesday . He may as well call it Somniatio ; for the word in Domesday signifies a mustering of men , what then hath Dominatio to do with it ? Hondpeny , Sint quieti de Chevagio , Hond-peny , &c. But there is a Declaration made , what is intended by it , Ideo quaere . Here he was in the humor of adding somewhat to the word , more then he found in the Law Dictionary ; But still with ill success . He omitted the Author of the Latine , and added the nonsensical English. Hue and Cry — In this word he hath many errors , the French Huier , for Huer — Flagiture for Flagitare — Oyer for Oyes — Men slain secundum legem & consuetudinem Regni , is a pretty position . Ignoramus — It hath a resemblance of that ancient Roman , where the Judges , where they absolved a person accused , did write A. i. e. Absolvimus . Supine negligence ! Not to have the care or patience to transcribe truly what lay fair in Print before him viz. It hath a resemblance of that ancient custom of the Romans , where the Judges , when they absolved a person accused , did write A — Iustices in Eyre — Were sent bu● every seven years — But there is a Book entituled Orig. Juridiciales , but of what authority I know not , which says they went oftner — Sure our Author did not consult his own Duty and Reason , when he took the boldness thus to question the Authority of that excellent Book , how a second time Printed ; did he not see in its Front those awful names , Orlando Bridgeman and Matthew Hale subscribed to an Imprimatur ? Names of greatest authority in this kind . Hath he not heard that Mr. Dugdales Works are of such account , That they have often been allowed by the Judges , as good evidence in cases of great moment ? Karle , A Saxon word properly denoting a man , but with any addition , a servant or clown . Hence they are called a Seaman , a Buscarle . Here again our Author thought himself obliged to alter my words , though with the loss of Sence and Syntax . Knights of the Shire — But now Custom allows Esquires to be chosen to this Office , 27 Hen. 6.6 . So that they be resident in the County for the choice of these Knights . The first part is true , the later nonsencical . Kylyw — Perhaps it might signifie any liquid thing , as Scoteale , and such like — Scotale is not a liquid thing , but a meeting at an Alehouse , where every man paid his Scot , for the Ale he drank . He might have said Ale is a liquid thing . Legacy — See a Bequest , we call it a Devise . And there is no Bequest to be seen . Lenna , Lenga , Lennides — Domesday . For Leuva , Leuga , and Leunides . Lupulicetum , A place where Hops grow , mentioned in Domesday . It is not mentioned there ; for we had no Hops in England of some Hundreds of years after Domesday Book was made . Viz. till 15 Hen. 8. according to our Chronicles . But the word is mentioned in 1 Inst. fol. 5. b. Maihim or Mayhem — But the cutting off an Ear or Nose , or such like is no Mayhem — This is otherwise since the Statute of 22 & 23 ▪ Car. 2. which was in Print before ou● Authors Book , though since the Law Dictionary was published . Maiden Rents , Is a Noble paid by every Tenant in the Mannor of Builth in Radnorshire , at the marriage of a Daughter , and was anciently given to them , for his quitting the Custom of Marcheta . If any one would pretend to make sence of this ; to whom shall them and his relate ? Our Author is very unhappy in his alterations . Marle , Marla is a kind of Earth or Mineral , like Chalk , which men cast on their Land — These two words ( like Chalk ) he adds to my Interpretation ; when as Marle is as like Chalk , as Chalk is like Cheese . Marlerium , A Marlepit ▪ Mr. Dugdale hath an old Deed by him , wherein is mentioned this word — This is a pretty kind of impudence , to make the World believe he is intimately acquainted with Mr. Dugdale , and knows what old Deeds and Charters he has by him ; when as Mr. Dugdale lately told me ( discoursing of our Author ) that he knew him not , nor ever heard of him till then . And in the word Sacrafield Rents he pretends the like familiar acquaintance with a person of quality , utterly unknown to him . Mediterranean , Is any that passeth through the midst of the Earth . Whether he means any thing ▪ as Bull , Bear or Horse , I know not . Mile , Miliare , is a quantity of a thousand Acres — This I confess is a Mile of a large size ; perhaps according to the measure in the Isle of Pines . Minstrel , Minstrellus , from the French Menstrel — There is no such French word ; it is Menestrier . In Misfeasans and Mistrial , Cokes Reports are cited for Crokes . Multa or Multura Episcopi , is derived from the Latine word mulcta , for that it was a Fine given to the Kings , that they might have power to make their last Wills and Testaments — 2 Inst. fol. 491. Our Author by miswriting my words , hath made nonsence ; yet boldly cites Cokes Institutes . Nihil or Nichil , Is a word which the Sheriff answers , that is apposed concerning Debts illeviable , and that are nothing worth , by reason of the parties from whom due . See the Law Dictionary on this word , if our Author have not , by his blundering alteration , made it less intelligible at least . Occasiones , Are Assarts , whereof Manhood speaks at large . See Spel. Glossary verbo Essartum . That learned Glossary says the word is in some Authors false written , for Occationes ▪ from Occo , to harrow or break Clods ; but our Author had not time to read him out . Open Law — Imperfection for Imputation . Such smalnesses are frequent with him . Oyer and Terminer — A Commission of Oyer and Terminer is the first and largest . Thus it ends abruptly , leaving out two or three lines , which should make it sence . viz. Of the Five Commissions , by which our Judges of Assise do sit in their several Circuits . Pais , A Countrey or Region , which Spelman in his Glossary saith , Non intelligendum est de quovis populo . Here the Learned Spelman is false quoted , for he speaks not these words of Pais , but of Trial per Pais , which our Author omitted , as being obliged to make alterations . Pannage or Pawnage — Is most properly taken for the Woods within the Forest — Which ought to be , For the Mast of the Woods — Pax Ecclesiae , Is said , when all the Priviledges and Immunities of the Church , her Servants and Ministers . Vide Leg. Edw. Co●f . cap. 8. Here he pretends to translate my Citation , being the very words of King Edwards Law , and makes this nonsence of it . In Pedage and Peers , he cites Baldus in veribus Feudorum , and Bartilayus de regno . There is no such Book as the first , nor any such Author as the last . Pervise non ad tyrocini● juris , quas motas volant , exercenda , says Spelman . Another false quotation , for vocant . Poleine , was a sort of shooe — not utterly laid aside till the Reign of Hen. 8. in which time they were increased to that excessive length , that in Rich. 2. time , they were tied up to the knees with Gold or Silver Chains . And forbidden by Edw. 4. under great penalty . Does our Author think , Rich. 2. succeeded Hen. 8. which his words seem cleerly to intimate . Possession — If the Lord purchase the tenancy held by Heriot-service , then the Heriot is extinct by verity of possession . — We 'l suppose he intended to say unity . Proporcitas , Skene de verbo signif . Latines it Propertio Assisae . — Skene calls it Proportatio Assisa — in his de verborum significatione , not verbo signif . as our Author often mistakes it . Pudhepec , — But the Learned Spelman thinks it is miswritten , for the Sax. pu●hepec , i. e. wudhepec . This Saxon is Rudhewec , as here written , Spelman writes it better , I le secure you ; but our Author has very ill luck in transcribing , even from fair printed Books ; and it seems understands not the Saxon Characters . The Law Dictionary begins the Letter Q. with Quadragesima Sunday ; but our Author was not willing to begin so , lest it should look too much like alter-idem , Therefore prepones Quadrans and Quadranta terrae ; and so poor Quadragesima has lost his due place in the Alphabet ; but ( Quack had he thought on 't ) would have done his work better , and been as able a Law-word as Quadrans . Quietantia Assisarum super Assisam — Quod non ponantur in Assisis , jurat nec magis Assisis — For Juratis nec magnis Assisis . Realty , — Sometimes it is taken for Royalty . Never ▪ for they are two different words . Recordare facias — It seems to be called a ▪ Recordare , because the form that it commands the Sheriff to whom it is directed to make a Record — Of our Authors mistakes . Renegeld — infra hundred de Maulestria . There is not such a Hundred in all England . Rescyte — As if Tenant for years brings , he in Reversion comes in and prays to be received — The Tenant it seems may bring what he will. Rogus — Constabulario Castri de Divis & Custodi Forestae de Cippeham — I see our Author , by his writing it , does not understand this Divis which should be Divisis or Divis. with a Period ▪ for the Divizes in Wiltshire . Scandalum magnatum , — And hath given name , to wit , granted to recover damage thereupon . Then it seems to give name is to grant . Scyre-gemot — In this word Seldens Titles of Honor is misquoted . — Sea-rover , See Privateer . Anno 16. Car. 2. cap ▪ 6. Quere if not the same with Pyrate . You must know all this , except the Learned Quaere , is in the Law Dict. where Privateer was misprinted for pirate ; but our Author neither makes Errata's to his own Works , nor reads others . Selda , — In the conclusion he adds to what the Law-Dict . saith , thus — Selda also in Doomsday signifies a Wood of Sallows , Willows , and Withyes . Which addition had been better omitted , the word being no where used in Domesday for a wood of any kind , as I confidently believe , and our Author cites no place . Serjeanty , Serjeantia , signifies in Law a Service that cannot be due from any Lord to his Tenant , but to the King only . This is a new Service due from a Lord to his Tenant . Severance , Is the singling or serving of two or more that are joyned in one Writ — here Severance is Permittance . Nor is this any better sence . Soke , — Clamat cognitionem Placitorum — infra suum 40 s. — Suum for Summam . Solidata terre , — Breve Regis Johannis vicecomitatus Angliae . — This Vicecomitatus for Vicecomitibus , was an Errata in the Law-Dict . and noted at the end of the Book ; but out Author did not design to correct , but augment Errors . Sullings , In Domesday Book , according to Mr. Agars interpretation , are taken for Alders . I have so great a respect for Mr. Agar , that I am not satisfied this Interpretation is his ; no question but it is the same with Swolings , i. e. Carucatae , Plough-Lands . Team — With their Childrens Goods and Chattels in his Court — So it is in the Law Dictionary , but in the Errata , he might have seen it thus corrected , With their Children , Goods , and Chattels . Tenure — What may make a Tenure , and what not . See Perkins Revelations 70. Perkins , the Learned Lawyer , had no Revelations , that I ever heard of . Theft — These from the Prison , or in presence of the owner , is properly called Robbery . Prison for Person , makes a wide difference . Thwertnick — Absque alieno capiendo pro executione facienda — For absque aliquo — Tolsester — Though this Word lay fair before him in the Law Dictionary , yet he hath committed three Errors in transcribing six lines . Trial — He concludes with Pat. 3 R. Joh. m. 3. In fidelitate Leulini . Omitting what follows in the Law Dictionary , and is most to the purpose , viz. In fidelitate Leulini statuitur de triatione differentiarum dicti Leulini , &c. Tylwith — Familia , tribus — Doctor Davy's Welsh Dictionary , from whence he had this word , would have furnished him many more , as able Law-words as this . Uassal — Skene verbo Lignantia saith — Skene hath no such word in his Book , as Lignantia . Uerdetor , Uindarius — Is a Judicial Officer of the Kings Forest — Both the words mistaken , for Verderer , Viridarius . Ui laica removenda — Vntil the Bishop of the Plea , where such Church is , hath certified . Any one may certifie this to be nonsence . Uillaine — Our Villains Regardant to Mannors were Glebae Abscriptitii , tied to Turk — What had our Villains to do with the Turk ? Walkers — There are Foresters , assigned by the King , who are Walkers within a certain space of Ground to their care . Somewhat omitted to make it sence . Warscot — Immunis liberi & quieti — For Immunes , liberi & quieti — Westminster — Epist. ejus ad din Edwardum — For divum . The word in mine is abbreviated thus ad Div. Edw. which our Author it seems did not understand . IF our Author have any further occasion to make use of the Law Dictionary , he may take notice of these Additional Errata's . In Chron. Table of Hen. 8. for 1059. read 1509. Gleab , read vel terra — dele a ▪ Gildable , for aliqui read aliorum qui. Grossome , for Titles read Tiles . Harratium , read from the Fr. Haras , a 〈◊〉 of Horses and Mares kept for breed . Honor , for Mardstone read Maidstone . Kings Swanherd read Cignorum . Miskening , for Mistzeninge read Miskening . Prepensed — dele yet . Stoc , read Malefactor pro — Tassum , read duobus Tassis . Tolt , for Juris read Curiae — Wardwite , read Castro — Xenia , read omnia — FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A54746-e380400 * In his Etymologicon Linguae Angl.