A sermon of the education of children preach'd before the right honourable the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen at Guild-Hall Chapel on Sunday, Novemb. 1, 1696 / by William Fleetwood ... Fleetwood, William, 1656-1723. 1696 Approx. 57 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 22 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A39737 Wing F1249 ESTC R15389 13593641 ocm 13593641 100705 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A39737) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 100705) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 788:17) A sermon of the education of children preach'd before the right honourable the Lord Mayor and Court of Aldermen at Guild-Hall Chapel on Sunday, Novemb. 1, 1696 / by William Fleetwood ... Fleetwood, William, 1656-1723. [11], 32 p. Printed for Thomas Newborough ..., London : 1696. Reproduction of original in Bodleian Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Education -- Sermons. Education -- Early works to 1800. 2006-12 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2006-12 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-02 Robyn Anspach Sampled and proofread 2007-02 Robyn Anspach Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Clarke , Mayor . Martis decimo die Novemb● . 1696. Annoque Regni Regis Willielini tertii , Angliae , & c.. Octovo . THis Court doth desire Mr. Fleetwood to Print his Sermon 〈◊〉 before the Right Honourable the Lord Mayor and Aldermen 〈◊〉 this City , at the Guild-Hall Chap●el , on Sunday the First Day of this ●●●ant November . Goo●●…llow . A SERMON OF THE Education of Children , Preach'd before the RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD MAYOR , AND Court of Aldermen , AT GUILD-HALL CHAPEL , On SUNDAY , Novemb. 1. 1696. By WILLIAM FLEETWOOD , Chaplain in Ordinary to His MAJESTY . LONDON , Printed for Thomas Newborough , at the Golden-Ball in St. Paul's Church Yard . 1696. TO THE INHABITANTS OF THE United Parishes OF S. AUSTIN and S. FAITH . HAving frequently intended with my self , something of this Nature , for Your particular Use and Service , to whom , You know , I am more immediately related ; It was the easier to me , to comply with Their Desires who were willing to have this Discourse publish'd ; because I knew I should thereby satisfie in part my own Intentions and Design of doing You good , in this Instance : and therefore though it be now Common , yet I desire You earnestly to make it more particularly Yours , by a close Application of it to Your selves . I can't tell how a Minister can promise himself any Success in his Endeavours , if the Parents will not believe themselves obliged ( as certainly they are by God's Commands ) to educate their Children well , and bring them up in the Fear and Nurture of the Lord ; and by their Care at home in private , fit them for those farthèr Instructions they are to receive in publick , at the appointed Opportunities . They are to sow the Seeds of Christ's Religion in the Childrens Minds , and He must wisely cultivate , improve , and nourish them ; They are to lay the first Foundations in their Hearts , and He must build thereon , as God enables him . That this might not be a Work of Difficulty , either to Parents or to Children , nor either of them left at an Uncertainty , the One of Teaching , and the Other of Learning , what they ought , the Church in Her great Wisdom hath collected in Her Catechism , a short , but full and comprehensive , Summary of whatsoever a Christian is to believe and practise to his Soul's Health , which all her Children are to learn , remember , and consider , according to their Age and Understanding . This is delivered in so clear a Method , in Words and Sense so easie and intelligible , that it is not above a very mean Capacity ; and yet the Matter is so solid and substantial , that it is fit for the strongest Understanding ; the oldest Christian in the World need know no more , than what he is to learn there in his Youth , though he will know it better and more fully , the longer he considers it ; so that the Parent , whilst he is instructing the Children in it , will be himself a gainful Learner ; more and more edified , and grow continually in the Knowledge of his Faith and Duty . The Neglect of this prescrib'd Course , has been one great Occasion , I believe , of that wide Difference there appears of Private Peoples Judgments and Opinions in Matters of Religion ; they have taken in different Principles in their Youth , and therefore as their Age advanc'd , have drawn different Conclusions srom them , the Effects of which have been exceedingly mischievous . I do therefore advise and desire you all to teach your Children this judicious , sound , and truly Christian Catechism , that savours nothing of a Party or private Spirit , but is what they may , and must , depend upon to their Lives end . When this good Ground-work is well laid , you may with much more Ease , form and fashion them to Vertue and Religion , by putting them in mind of the Covenant they have made with God in Baptism , by which they stand oblig'd to give themselves entirely up to Christ ; to look upon him as their only Lord and Law-Giver , their Saviour and their Judge ; to believe whatever he reveals , and to fulfil whatever he commands . There also you will find the two Tables that contain their Duty towards God and towards their Neighbour , and both of them explained with the clearest Brevity that can be found , from whence you are to take occasion of exciting them to a most diligent Performance of them , as also to rebuke and punish the Neglect , or the Transgression of them . There also they will learn the Lord's Prayer , the Prayer that Christ himself , the Son of God , ( who knew the Father's Will , and Man's Necessities the best of all Men living ) taught his Followers to use ; and therefore it is such , you may be sure , as is best fitted for our Purpose , and such as is , both for the Matter and the Manner , acceptable to God the Father . After this follows a short but full Account of the two Sacraments , of Baptism , and the Lord's Supper ; by which they learn the Manner how they themselves ( and all true Christians ever since our Saviour's Institution of it ) were initiated into Christ's Religion , namely by being baptized in Water , in the Name of the Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , according to Christ's Command , explain'd by the Universal Practice of the Church ; insomuch that they who have at any time denied or refused the Matter and the Form of this Sacrament , have not been accounted Christians . Here they see also what is signified by being thus baptized in Water , namely , the dying unto Sin , and living a ▪ new to Righteousness , i. e. the repenting of , and forsaking all their past Sins , and living for the time to come , a Righteous and a Holy Life , which is also the Meaning of becoming a New Man , a New Creature , a Regenerate Person , and the like , all which is engag'd for , by every one at his Baptism , and is to be remembred , and perform'd for ever after . Here , lastly , they will come to see the End of the Institution of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper , the Cause and Purpose of its being ordained , namely , For the continual Remembrance of the Sacrifice of the Death of Christ , and of the Benefits which we receive thereby , i. e. to put them constantly in mind , that Christ the Lord was crucified upon the Cross ; that this his Death was an attoning , expiatory Sacrifice , and accepted by God as such ; that for its Sake and Merit his Anger is appeas'd , he is now reconcileable to all that will repent them of their Sins , and forsake them , and obey the Gospel ; he will forgive them the Penalty they had incurr'd , and will moreover crown them in the World to come with Everlasting Happiness . The Remembrance of this salutary Death and Sacrifice , and the great Benefits deriv'd to us from and by it , is the End of this Sacrament's being instituted by Christ : and therefore to answer the End of this Institution , they must come to the Sacrament ; and when they come , the Bread broken is to remind them of the Body of Christ , torn and suffering on the Cross , and the Wine poured out is to remind them of the Blood of Christ that was there shed ; and then they are to call to mind the in●xpressible Benefits of this Death , the Pardon and Forgive●ess of all the Sins which they repent of and forsake ; the Hope and good Assurance of which Pardon , and Peace , and God's Favour , is as much the Life , the Strength and Com●rt of the Soul , as Bread and Wine are the Support and Comfort of the Body . Upon this Knowledge of the End of the Institution , and of the Benefits that we receive by Christ's Death , it remains only that the young ones be acquainted with the Preparation that is necessary to their coming to the Lord's Supper , which they will find in the Answer to the last Question of the Catechism , which contains the whole of what they are to do . They are to examine themselves , whether they repent them truly of their former Sins , whether they steadfastly purpose to lead a new and better Life for the time to come — whether they have a lively Faith in God's Mercy , through Christ , i. e. Whether they verily believe that God was so exceeding Merciful and Gracious to Mankind , that for the Sake of Christ's Obedience , Death and Sufferings , he will certainly forgive the Sins of such as shall repent and leave them , and whether in full perswasion of this Mercy and these ▪ Gracious Promises , they set about Repentance : Whether they thankfully remember Christ's Death , i. e. Whether upon the consideration and remembrance of the mighty and amazing Miseries to which their Sins exposed them , and from which the Death of Christ alone has freed them , they do not call to mind this great Deliverance with the greatest Joy and Thankfulness , and bless and magnifie the Name of God who hath wrought this wouderful Redemption for them by the Death of Christ , his dear and only begotten Son. And Lastly , whether they are in Charity with all Men. This is the Preparation ( and all the Preparation ) that is necessary to the coming to the Lord's Supper . And if People would be content to learn , wherein this Duty consists , in the shortest , plainest , and the surest Method , they would go no farher than the Church-Catechism ; or if a little farther , it should be but to the Communion-Service , in which they will be sure to find all that is needful or convenient for them to know or do , before , and at , and after this Holy Sacrament . I have neither Authority nor Intention to discommend or disallow the use of other Books that treat of these Matters ; but you will take it on my Word , I hope , that the shortest , and the plainest Rules of Direction are still the best ; that wherein soever other Books differ from this , they are not to be depended on : And that multiplicity of Books is apt to beget Confusion . As far therefore as you will let my Judgment weigh with you , I recommend it to your Care , that you let the Church Catechism be the Ground and Foundation of what your Children are to know of the Christian Religion ; and that other good Books be call'd in , as Helps to their Devotion only , or to explain the Particulars contain'd therein , if they be difficult . Whilst you are teaching , and your Children learning , all these Things , you must be sure , of all Things in the World , to go before them with a good Example ; that is , to recommend , impress , and make your Lessons Credible . They will understand , believe , and practice better , if they see you live as you teach them to live . Let them know you pray to God constantly with your Family ; that you love and exercise Truth , and Honesty , and Justice in all your Dealings ; let them hear and see you chide your Servants , and Dependents , for every Lye they tell , and every Fraud and Falshood they are guilty of : let them never hear you swear , or curse , or speak any Thing disrespectfully of God , or Providence , or Holy Scriptures , or any thing of Religion ; and they will then believe you are in earnest , and be more careful of doing as you bid them , and more fearful of offending . Let them see you go your self to Church upon the Lord's Day , and as many of the Family as can be spar'd , with your Convenience , and there behave themselves as becomes the Servants of God in his own House and more immediate Presence : And let them never see , even in the after Part of that good Day , any thing Light Extravagant , or Rude , but something of Respect and Honour shewn to the good Exercises that are over , and to the Day devoted by the Church of Christ to God's Service . Away with that severe , sullen , morose Religion , with which some Judaizing and mistaken Christians pass that Day on one Hand , and that prophane , contemptuous , court-like Observation of it on the other ; but let a decent , Christian , and good natur'd Carriage , temper these Extreams ; that your Children may neither dread the approach of Sunday above other Days , nor yet long for it , as a Day of Sloth and Idleness . I hope I may , without Offence , take this Occasion to desire such of the Separation as are within my Parish , to take all Care they can , that both their Children and their Servants go along with them to the Places where they serve God themselves , or to some other certainly , and require an Account of their so doing , that the Liberty of absenting themselves from their Parish-Churches , indulg'd to them by Man's Law , be not turn'd to the Libertinism of serving God no where , and Irreligion and Prophaneness find those People whom the Church looses . We must indeed , on all sides , be sollicitous lest he who sowes Division amongst us , reap the Fruits thereof , and be the greatest Gainer ; of this , in earnest , there was never greater need than now , for Christianity and good Morality had never more , or greater Enemies ; and therefore all our joint Endeavours will be little enough to oppose the soft Insinuations of their secret Underminers , and the most impudent and bold Attacks of their avowed and open Adversaries . I am sorry we can date the mighty Growth and Progress of these Mischiefs within the Compass of so few Years , when we were hoping still for better Things . But let this evil State provoke us to a greater Care and Zeal in the Defence of Vertue and Religion , for the future . You must all of you help to make this ugly Digression pertinent and useful , by taking all imaginable Care to breed up a Generation better than the present , and such as may do these wicked Days all the Disgrace and Shame they can , by a most firm adherence to the Christian Faith , by a lively Sense of Virtue and Religion in the Soul , made manifest by a most Virtuous and Religious outward Practice . I have done , you see , an unusual Thing , in fixing a Preface to a Sermon , but it was to make the Sermon more yours than any one 's else ; and if the Sermon be better read for the Sake of the Preface , or if the Preface gain its end without the Sermon , I shall obtain the Point I aim at , and will answer for the absurdity or newness of the Method . You know I am every way your Debtor in Religious Matters , and I assure you I am otherwise , Your Affectionate Humble Servant , W. Fleetwood . PROVERBS xiii . 24. He that spareth the rod hateth his son : but he that loveth him , chasteneth him betimes . THE Education of Children is , and hath always been accounted , a thing of such Importance , that all who have at any time discoursed or written of Government , have found themselves obliged to dwell particularly on that Subject . Aristotle thinks it a matter of such moment , that he positively determines it ought not to be left to the Parents choice ; but that the Publick ( whose especially the Children are ) should be entrusted only with that Charge : and Plato lays down such severe Rules , that 't is a question whether they were ever practicable , or only fitted to his fansied Commonwealth . And indeed , considering that they are the Seed of Empires , Kingdoms , Corporations , and Families , and that the Good and Wellfare of them all , depends entirely on them , there can't be too much care employed about their bringing up : there are so many hazards from the sensible and tender dispositions of these nice Plants , from noxious Airs , inclement Seasons , and their own natural Luxuriancy , that it requires a great deal of skill to cultivate them as they should , and as they well deserve . And it is with this prospect ( and a larger one besides , the World to come ) that the Spirit of God hath inserted so many positive Commands , and so many wise Rules of training Children up , into the Holy Scriptures . For though One were enough , when found there , to make it our Duty , yet there are Many to enforce it farther ; and though the Spirit of God inspir'd a-like the Herdsman's Son , with Solomon the King's , and made them a ▪ like infallible , in what they should deliver to the World , yet in compliance ( may be ) with our Weakness , and the fond Conceits we have of human Reason and Understanding , it is so contriv'd , that there are more Precepts concerning Childrens Education found in Solomon alone , than all the Scriptures else : that they who take no notice of the Inspiration , might yet be moved by the Authority of the greatest Wisdom , and the best Experience , and the thing however done . I am to confine my self to that of my Text , which is as comprehensive as any : and will , First , Explain the Terms of it ; And , Secondly , Shew the Truth of the Propositions contain'd therein ; And , Lastly , Make what Application may be seasonable and useful . And , First , of the Terms . To spare the Rod , in the first Clause , being oppos'd to chastening , in the second ; by the Rod must needs be meant , not only that particular Instrument of Punishment , but every thing besides that may prove the Means of our Correction and Amendment . And so in Job 33. 19. He is chastened with pain upon his bed . And so in Psal . 69. 10. I wept , and chastened my soul with fasting . And so in Isa . 53. 5. The chastisement of our peace was on him ; by which is meant the Miseries , Afflictions , Pains , and Torments that our Lord endured both in Life and Death for our sakes : and so in a great many other places . So that by Chastisement is here intended every Instrument of Correction , every Means of effecting what we intend by chastising . And to spare the Rod , is , not to use those Means , not to employ those Instruments for the correcting and amending what we see amiss in Children , which are proper to their Age , suited to their Dispositions , and proportion'd to their Faults ; whether it be Reproof and sharp Admonition , Restraint of Liberty , Disappointment of their Wills , or corporal Punishment : to do ( in a word ) whatever is necessary , convenient , or becoming the Children and the Parents in their respective circumstances , is to chasten , and to neglect the doing it , is to spare the Rod. Let us see in the next place , what it is to love and hate one's Son , which are the rest of the Terms . By loving and by hating is not here meant the exerting actually those Passions in the Heart , for then the Text would be untrue : it is by no means likely that an indulgent Parent sparing of his Child , should actually hate it in his Heart , or that the punishing it should be the Effect or Sign of natural Love , for the contrary to this , is mostly true ; the Sparing it is the Fruits of natural Fondness and Affection , and the Correcting it , is not the choice of the Heart , but the effects of a Necessity impos'd by Prudence and Consideration , and Hopes and Fears of what may come to pass . By loving and by hating therefore is to be understood , the acting agreeably to the Reason , and not the Blindness of those Passions ; the producing such effects as are in God's Accounts , and wise Mens too , and in our own when freed from partial Prejudices , the Consequence and Fruits of Love and Hatred acting regularly ; such as are commonly esteemed the Effects of those two Causes , whether they indeed proceed from them or no : So that to love and hate ones Children , is to behave ones self so towards them , that they and others may be convinc'd we love or hate them , by such Fruits as reasonably and ordinarily are the Products of those two Passions , whether those Passions actually possess the Heart or no , of which we can convince none but our selves . From the Terms thus explain'd , it will not be difficult , to shew , in the second Place , the the Truth of the two Propositions , how and in what Sense he may be said to hate his Son , that spares the Chastisement of him , and how he loves him who chastiseth him betimes : For if we are to reckon of Love and Hatred by the Effects , then it is easie to discern when Parents hate their Children , namely , when either through Neglect or Fondness they permit them to enter on at first , or afterwards continue in such Courses , as will bring them to inevitable Ruine ; when by their want of Care , Instruction , or Correction , those Children fall into such Miseries , as the utmost Hatred of their most profest inveterate Enemies , could neither wish nor make them greater ; whatever Love there may be at the bottom . What signifies the crowning of a Victim with a Garland , when it is still drest up to Death ? That Mother is as much a Murtheress who stifles her Child in a Bed of Roses , as she that does it with a Pillow-bear . The End and Mischief is as great , tho' the Means and Instrument be not the same . And where two Causes will produce the same Effect , with equal Certainty , 't is no great Matter which of them it is , nor whether you give it a hard or gentle Name . It is all one as if a Parent truly hated his Child , if through his Default , he fall into those Evils , which will naturally work his Mischief or Undoing ; that Fault has the same effect that downright Hatred would have had . And then for the Will , tho' he can't be said to will downright the Evil of his Children , yet if he will the Means which have a natural tendency to produce that End , he is understood , in the Accounts of Reason , to will the End , and to be guilty of the Evil in a great Degree . And so we are said to will a great many things in Scripture , not that we will them properly , but that we do those things , from whence the others naturally and necessarily follow . So God expostulates , in Ezek. 18. 31. and 33. 11. Why will ye die , O house of Israel ! Not that the Israelites will'd or desired to die , for that 's a thing incredible , if not impossible , in the hardest Sense of that Word , but that they willed such things , as would unavoidably bring that Death , and most inevitably ruine them . So in Psal . 106. 24. Yea they despised that pleasant land . Not that they dispised or rejected the Land of Canaan it felf , but rejecting the only Means God had appointed to bring them thither , which were Faith and Trust in him , and Patience and Obedience to his Laws , they are said to despise the Land it self . So in Pro. 17. 19. He that exalteth his gate seeketh destruction , i. e. He that liveth above his Fortune and Condition , or that openeth wide the Flood ▪ Gates to Iniquity , seeketh Destruction ; the meaning is , that such a One shall find Destruction , he is as One that seeks and makes Inquiry after it , and he shall surely find it . So that Men are not charged with the Mischiefs only they intend directly , but with such also as are like to follow whether they intend them or not , nay , tho' they should intend the contrary . He who takes the natural and ready Means to any End , is strongly guilty of the evil Consequence , altho' he should not only not design that End and Consequence , but hope and wish it might not come to pass ; because neither Hopes , nor Wishes , nor Designs can hinder natural or moral Causes from producing natural and moral Effects . But neither is it only so in acting , but in permitting also ; he is said , upon the same Account and Reason , to be guilty of the Evils that ensue , whose Duty it was , and in whose Power it was , to have prevented them , but did not : It were cruel and unjust , to charge a Man with all the Evils he should by Duty prevent , but could not , for want of Power : And it is not always reasonable , to charge a Man with the Eviis he could by his Power have prevented , but did not , because he was not oblig'd in Duty ; because the Signification of Power , in such a Case , is to be determin'd by the convenience of Time , and Place , and Person , and a great many other Circumstances of which a Man is only able to judge himself : But where Power and Duty meet together , there the Obligation is unquestionable , and the Neglect of doing what we should and conld is inexcusable . The Application of these Rules to the Case in Hand , is , I think , as evident as the Reason of those Rules . It is plain from the Light of Nature , and the use of Reason , as well as God's Determination in Scripture , that a Parent is oblig'd to educate his Children in the best , and most religious Manner possible , to instruct them in all that 's Good , and warn them of all that 's Evil ; and it is as plain from the corruption of our Nature , the perversness of our Wills , and from lamentable Experience , that unless this Care be taken , Children will unavoidably be ruin'd ; and therefore he who neglects this Education , which he might and should look after , is properly enough said to undo his Children ; and as he who should designedly ruine his own Children , would deservedly be said to hate them , so may he also , who neglects their Education , if such Neglect be the natural and ready Way to Ruine , though he don't design that Ruine , and though that Neglect do not proceed from Hatred , yet he is said , and properly enough , both to undoe and hate them , Now the Evils that proceed from a careless , or from bad Education , from want of good Instruction , of Reproof , Restraint , or of due Chastisement in any Kind , are Infinite and Pernicious , they are Numberless , and they are Intolerable . I believe it were hard to reckon up any considerable Calamity that has befallen a Kingdom , City , Family , or private Person , but might be justly charg'd upon this Head in some Measure . The Reasoning of Plato is both just and excellent upon the Education of Cyrus and his Son Cambyses , Darius and his Son Xerxes , and the following Kings of Persia , and shews the exact and perfect Correspondence betwixt the Ways of bringing up those Princes , and the Quality and Fortune of their Government and Kingdoms whilst they liv'd . Cyrus having been brought up still in painful and laborious Exercises , and in a handsome kind of Equality of almost all Things betwixt himself and his Companions , his Reign was full of Glory and Success , and every thing that 's Good and Laudable . But whilst himself was reaping Palms and Crowns of Victory , he left the Education of his Son to the Ladies who brought him up in the luxurious softness of the Medes , where no body durst speak a word of Truth or Honesty , for fear of wounding his Ears , which were us'd to nothing but to compliment and flattery . And hence it came , that the Reign and Government of this soft Prince was full as Infamous and Unfortunate both to himself and People as that of his brave Father had been Glorious , Wise , and Happy , unto both . Darius Hystaspes afterwards ascended the Throne , and as his Education had not been in the Delights of a Court , but Hard , and Rough , in Labours and Fatigues , so his Reign resembled in a Manner that of Cyrus , both for Glory and for Conquest : But whilst he and his Compeers were spreading every where the Persian Honour by their Gallantry and brave Atchievements , Xerxes , his Son , was left in Womens Hands , and from them had just such another Education as Cambyses had , and reigned accordingly , leaving where'er he came , the shameful Marks of a prodigious Power put into the Hands of an ambitious Mad-man . Darius was indeed a great deal more to blame than Cyrus , because he avail'd not himself of so notorious an Example of Miscarriage , nor procur'd a better Education for his Son ; but that 's not the only Use that we may make of these great Instances , one cannot choose but see , and lament too , that the Fate and Fortune of great Empires , the Wellfare and the Ruine of so many Hundred Thousands should depend upon the Care and the Neglect of a Parent , upon the Improvement or the Sottishness of one Body . But this would not touch us so near we think , if it were not also true in lesser Matters , and as fatal to private Families . The good or evil Education of Children , does not only affect themselves , but all the Stock and Kindred more or less ; there is hardly any body so inconsiderable , but some body may be bettered , and some body prejudiced by him ; there is no body stands so single and remote , but if he falls , there is some one hurt besides himself , directly or indirectly : which as it is a Motive to induce every Relation to see after the Improvement of Children , as it falls in their Way , so it is a special Argument to Parents , to attend more heedfully to the well educating of their Children , because the Wellfare and the Prejudice of so many other People does in a great Measure depend thereon . But supposing the Evil were single , that neither Common-wealth , nor Family , nor Parent were endamaged ( as they all are ) by want of Education , yet the Evils that befall the Children , are so intolerably many , and pernicious both to Soul and Body , that those may well be said to hate them , that do not , when they might and should , prevent them . Can we see a Man that has wholly renounc'd to Truth and good Faith , so entirely possess'd with the Spirit of Falsehood , Lying and Deceit , that one knows not how to believe a Word he sayes , nor how to trust him with the least Concern ? Can we see a Man so ignorant of God and Goodness , of Religion and his Duty , and of all Things Spiritual , that one would think he were newly born into the World , and had not yet attained the Use of Reason , nor indeed the Use of Speech , and Language ; and another so exceeding skilful in those Matters , and of so sharp a Wit and penetrating Judgment , that he knows very well that there is no such thing as God and Soul , or any thing but gross substantial Matter , modify'd with great variety ? Can we hear another talk so loudly , and so frequently of God , that his Mouth is fill'd with nothing else , and yet at last it should be all in his Dishonour and Defiance , in wounding Oaths , in raging Blasphemies , and dreadful Imprecations , without Temptation , without Pleasure , without Profit ; and at last without his Knowledge and Design ? Can we see another vers'd in all the Species of Intemperance , practis'd in all the Arts of Luxury and Wantonness , and devoted wholly to excess , a perfect Slave to his voracious Appetite , and whose heart and Soul is in his Dish ? Another so intoxicated with the Love of Drink , that if 't were possible to drown himself , he would , devoting both the Day and Night to that excess , having no other Business , nor other Pleasure and Diversion than Intemperance , neglecting all Concerns , forgetting all his Duty both to God and Man , a Reproach to Nature , Scandal to Religion , Useless to all the ends and purposes of living ; and not only so , but by his bad Example , and the cursed Consequences of those Courses , ruinous to himself and Family , and a most pernicious Creature to the Commonwealth . And another so enfeebled by his Lusts , so debilitated both in Soul and Body , by his exorbitant Indulgence to those brutal Longings , that he is scarce the Shadow of a Man ; dull of Apprehension , weak in Imagination , failing in Memory , and moap'd in his Understanding . In a word , as impotent of Mind as Body , and whose Soul is as loose about him as his Limbs . Can one see , I say , these , and a thousand other Evils and Disorders , with all their ugly Consequences , reign and rage about the World continually , and know at the same time they are the natural Consequences of a loose and careless Education , and might in a great measure , have been prevented by Advice , Restraint , and punishing betimes ; can one see and know this , and doubt at the same time , whether our Parents hated us or no , who should and could , but would not save us from them ? What could our greatest Enemy have done besides ? He would have taken the same courses ; for one that he exercises as he did Job , with Sorrows and Afflictions , he ruines a thousand by Indulgences ; it is the End he aims at , which is our destruction , and 't is no matter by what means he comes about it . If Eutrapelus's Presents are sure to prove as fatal to a weak Mind , as a Dagger in a Man's Heart , or a Glass of Poyson in his Bowels , what signifie the shews of Love , and the Pretence of Friendship , which prove as deadly as the Assaults of open Enmity ? What signifies it , that the Child is the Delight of its Parents Eyes , and the Idol of their Hearts ; the perpetual Object of their Thoughts , and the perpetual Theme of their Discourse , that they discern new Beauties dayly in it , secret Charms , and Excellencies undiscoverable to all the World besides ; hear Musick in his Voice , and Wit in every Word , and Grace and Comeliness in every Action . If Care be not taken to render him as excellent indeed and to himself , and as amiable to others , by Vertue , Goodness , Sweetness and Humanity , as he is to them by an abused Fancy . All other Demonstrations are but Demonstrations of their own Fondness to , and Love of their own self , and end in their own Complacence and Delight . If you would convince another of your Love , it is he that must feel the effects of it , in and upon himself , as well as you . It is otherwise like the Charity of good Words , the wishing of Alms , and Food , and Raiment , with which a Man may be starv'd with Cold and Hunger . The Love that terminates in Fondness , and the little trifling ( if no worse ) effects of that , can no more properly be called the Love of ones Children , than the bidding the hungry be filled , the thirsty be satisfied , and the naked be cloathed , without supplying those Necessities , can be call'd relieving them . But the Parallel will hold no farther , for he that relieves not the distressed , does them at least no harm or injury ; whereas the Parent that with all this dotage , takes not care to educate his Children virtuously and well , does them the greatest injury and mischief in the World ; mispends the only proper time and season of their Improvement , deprives them of all the Advantages and Opportunities of becoming useful to the Publick , a Support to the Family , a comfortable Relation , and happy People themselves : and not only so , but exposes them defenceless , destitute and naked to abundance of Hazards and Temptations ; to a contagious Air in the most sensible and tender Age ; to a vicious World , with vicious Inclinations ; to combate with those Foes , with whom our Hearts do naturally conspire ; to meet those Dangers we rejoice to run into ; to vanquish those Temptations which we seek and hunt for ; to resist those evils we had rather should prevail than be subdu'd ; to be left , in a word , to our selves , to the Naughtiness of our own Hearts , and the Dictates of unruly heedless Nature , to engage with so many Sins , and so many Snares , as are commonly a match sufficient for the greatest Care , and greatest Watchfulness , and greatest Prudence , together with the ordinary Supplies of God's Grace , is to be ruin'd and undone without peradventure . And if these are not true effects of Hatred , if these are not the Tokens of the greatest Ill-will , and the most improv'd refin'd Malice , we are yet to learn what those Words mean. And this I hope is so evident from the sense of the Thing , from the reason of the Words , and from the experience of the World , that there is little occasion to press you with the Authority of the Text , and to insist upon it , that 't is King Solomon inspir'd by God that says , That he that spareth the Rod , hateth his Son. It will be somewhat clearer by considering the other Clause in the Text , and seeing what are the effects of Love , which is early Chastisement . He that loveth his Son , chasteneth him betimes . I have already made appear , that Love and Hatred , in these cases , can only be securely judged of by the Effects ; not by the Feelings , Motions ▪ and Affections of the Parents Heart , but by the Fruits and Consequences , of which the Children must be sensible themselves , and all the World be Judges . For the ground of all this mischief is , that Parents commonly consult with no body but themselves , to know if they love their Children , and finding quickly by the Reply their Hearts make , that they love them , as they love their Eyes ; they rest contented with the Answer , and use them indeed as tenderly : whereas they should enquire of Strangers and of wise Men , impartial and unprejudic'd ; they should take their Informations from Reafon and good Sense , from the Experience of the Aged , and such as study more particularly this Affair ; and they would shew them , by the effects alone , whether they lov'd or no : the Marks and Tokens of Affection would be visible in Manners and Instruction , beyond the Power of being deceived ; and if this be too much , let them learn the Truth , from the Pity of some , and the Reproach of others , and from the common Rumours of the Neighbourhood . Every body but themselves , will tell them , that Love of Children must appear by its Effects and Fruits , and no other thing can possibly convince another of that Love , though they themselves are never so persuaded that they do , and to confirm it could be content to die . But of this enough already , and also what it is to chasten ; it remains that I say a word or two of the proper Season , and that is betimes , he that loveth him chasteneth him betimes ▪ either betimes with respect to his Age , or with respect to his Faults . First , with respect to his Age. It is , in every thing , of great Importance , how we begin , what Grounds we lay , and what Foundation 't is we build upon : if this be not right , the rest is but Time and Pains mispent , and will end in Loss and Disappointment . It is as a Man that sets out false , every step that he proceeds , is so much out of his way , and he must return and begin again . And so it is with the Journeyings of Life ; if in our early Youth we set out false , fall into evil Practices , or be corrupted with pernicious Maxims , it is either a great chance that we never see our Errour at all , but blindly still proceed at all adventure ; or if we do , we find our selves constrain'd to begin a-new , to return to the place from whence we first fet out , to our intollerable trouble and vexation . What a deal of human Life is spent , not in weaving a new web , but in unravelling the old ; not in learning new Lessons of Truth and Vertue , but in unlearning those of Vice and Falshood ; in forgetting of evil Principles , and laying down old Prejudices ; in stripping our selves of our accustom'd Habits , in parting with our old Acquaintances , in forsaking our old Friends , and in a manner tearing out our Vitals , and rending of our Hearts asunder : all which might , in great measure , be prevented , by an early Seasoning in the ways of Goodness . It was in prospect of this , that one of the Ancients would have Children accustom'd to love and praise with delight all vertuous Actions , and detest all Vices , even before they attain'd the Use of Reason , he would have them constantly observe , know them compleatly , and form in their Minds perfect Idea's of them ; and observing that Children are first of all affected with the Sense of Pleasure and of Pain , he would have them used , though never so little and young , to take or think there is no Pleasure but in Goodness , Vertue , Temperance , Justice , and the like ; nor feel or think there is any great Pain but in those things that are truly evil , Vice and Sin. The thing is carried certainly too high , and the Lesson too refin'd and subtil to be put in practice : but the thing he means is this ; that the Preventions and Prepossessions of Vertue , Goodness , and Religion , should answer at least the Prejudices of our natural Corruption , and that Propensity and Inclination to Folly and to Sin , we bring along with us into this World ; that the Artificial Principles of Education , might be of equal poise with our original Corruption , till the use of our Understanding bear down the Scale on the right side : and if it be better to prevent , than cure an Evil , to save from Danger , than deliver out of it , then it is better to begin betimes with chastening of our Children , to make them wise at our expence , to let them know no Sin but by description ; to hinder them from making an Experiment so very unprofitable at best , and fatal in the Event , most commonly . But , Secondly , betimes is also to be understood with respect to the Fault ; the first respecting Age , would , if 't were possible , prevent the evil , this latter is to put a speedy stop to it , to hinder it from growing any farther ; the first Advice is , to take all care imaginable , that no corrupt or noxious Weeds should spring up , in that pure and tender Soil ; the second is to root them out betimes , if once they come ; so that to chasten betimes , is to see , that Punishment do constantly attend the Crime , before it be forgotten , and before an evil habit be contracted by the frequent repetition of evil Acts. First , Before it be forgotten ; as well that it may not appear to proceed from a delight in Punishment , or to be the effects of studied and deliberate Cruelty , as also that the Fault being fresh in Memory , the Justice and Reasonableness of the Infliction may the better appear , and make the deeper Impression on the Mind , and raise the greater Aversation and Abhorrence of the Thing , that Impunity may not breed Security in Sin ; and that Children may not argue as older People often do , that because Sentence is not speedily executed against an evil Work , therefore their Hearts should be fully set in them , to do Evil. 'T is a false and vicious Way of Arguing , but because 't is obvious , natural , and too too easie , it should be silenc'd quickly , and convicted of its Falsehood ; that it may not impose on them a second Time. But , Lastly , and most especially , for fear of evil Habits being contracted , the Dread of Punishment is the most natural Restraint upon the Mind , t is the most powerfull Motive to Obedience , the very Life of all Laws , and without which they would be but a dead Letter ; and all the Reason in the World they should be so ; for who would obey against his Interest , or who would practice against his inclination , without fear ? and who would fear without Punishment ? according therefore to the Degrees of Impunity , which Men can find or fansie , will their Obedience to the Laws , or Disobedience prove . And so it is , even in the smallest Matters that relate to Children , they naturally incline the wrong Way , and are kept strait by forcible Coercion ; the Dread of Punishment is the Restraint that lies most powerfully upon them , 't is the Consideration of that , that is their Motive to Obedience , and the Discouragement that keeps them from offending : and he that removes that Bar , lays them expos'd and open to every Danger and Temptation . But nothing does this more effectually , than suffering them to sin at first without Reproof and Punishment ; this strangely lessens the Guilt and Horrour of their Faults within their own Minds , gives them Degrees of Confidence in Wickedness , and makes them think it no such hainous Matter , and venture on it frequently and freely , till it at last becomes habitual , and is rooted firmly in them : and then the Danger is a thousand times the greater , and the Pains of remedying all these Mischiefs infinitely more . So that allowing that they must some time or other root these Evils out , free them from the Bondage and Captivity of their Lusts and Passions , and rid them of all their bad and foolish Principles , and set them in the Ways of Virtue and Sobriety again , allowing , I say , that this must needs be done , that they cannot possibly be Safe or Happy withont it , nay , that they must be miserable here and more than so hereafter . Allowing of all this , it is demonstrable , that it is not only a Piece of the greatest Wisdom to set about it betimes , but of the greatest Mercy and Compassion in the World , even in the Judgment of the tenderest and most pittying Mother . 'T is like putting one to Death , to save a Hundred by the Terror of the Example , which may be Justice to the Offender , but is in truth a Kindness to the rest . If one Reproof and Admonition , will prevent the Occasion of twenty more , each one as sharp and terrible , it would be Cruelty to spare it . If an early restraint of undue Liberty , will prevent Licentiousness hereafter , which must be restrain'd with Chains and Dungeons , who would not think it a Mercy to be restrain'd betimes ? It is better sure to break us of our Wills betimes , and to deny us our Satisfactions in small and trifling Things , before we can have set our Hearts upon them , than to let our Wills and Inclinations gather Strength , and our Affection settle and grow firm , 〈◊〉 and then begin to fall upon us ; the one is only as the bending , the other as the breaking , of an Arm. A little Pain , and Trouble , and Uneasiness will serve at first to set us right again , when a Continuance in our Evil State , and a contracted Habit , will require a great deal of Patience , and put us to a great deal of Torment . A little Care and a little Strength , will serve to keep a young and tender Graft in uprightness and order , which if permitted to grow awry for some time , must suffer violence and great distortion , before it will be strait again . The older we grow in evil Practices and evil Maximes , the older they grow too , and take the faster hold , and root the deeper in us , and consequently are remov'd with greater difficulty . So that allowing , that there is an absolute Necessity of their being removed at length it is plain and manifest beyond denyal , that it is not only better both for Parent and for Child , that it be done betimes , but that it is a Piece of Cruelty both in the one , and to the other , to deferr it , till the vicious Habit is contracted ; and consequently that the Truth of the Proposition in the Text does visibly appear , that he that loveth his Son chastneth him betimes . And having done with that , I am now to make Application of what hath been said , and it shall be to the Parties here concern'd . First , The Parent . Secondly , The Children , and to both in short . First , To the Parent . To shew you the necessity there is of bringing up your Children under an early and severe discipline , the Spirit calls the doing of it Love , which is a Term so fit and so expressive , that Nature seems to have appropriated it to Parents in such manner , that they are fond of the Name , even when they have not the Thing ; they would be thought to love even when they don't , it lookes so like their own , and what they should do : and the Neglect of this he calls hatred , a Term from which all Parents naturally abhor . But that you might not be deceived , and make your Judgments from the Passions and Affections of your own Hearts , he describes this Love and Hate by such Effects as are not usually the Products of those Passions in the Hearts of Parents ; but such as are so in God's Accounts , and wise Mens , and Childrens themselves when they grow up to Years of Understanding ; and therefore that you should not set the movings of your Hearts , and your own fond Opinions and conceits of Kindness , against the Reason , Judgment , and Experience of the whole World , and oftentimes your own : But freeing your selves as much as may be , from the Partialities of Nature , and your P●arental Prejudices , deal with your own as freely and as wisely as you would with the Children of a Forreigner and Stranger , believing there is need of equal Care , and equal Rigour , in treating with your own as you can visibly discern there is , in treating with anothers . This is the only true and lasting Kindness you can do them ; all other Tokens of your Love , but that of good Discipline , will die with you , or may be taken from them by sundry Chances and Misfortunes . This is the only Treasure and Possession you can leave them , of which they cannot be depriv'd by Thieves and Robbers ; out of the Power of Chance , and above the Reach and Malice of the subtilest and most formidable Enemy . This alone , without any other Accession , often proves the Foundation of a lasting Happiness ; but every thing besides , without this , signifie at least nothing , but are most commonly the Instruments of greater Mischief , and the Occasions of greater falling . And though it can't be done without reluctancy and some uneasiness on both Parts , yet it must needs be done however : It is but like removing Knives and Instruments of Danger out of their Way , for fear of hurting them , notwithstanding all their cryings and impatience after them ; or like the administring severe Physick , to prevent a growing Sickness , notwithstanding all their loathings and resistance : Your Fondness seldom hinders you from this , and yet severe and early Discipline , is but an equal crossing of their Wills , an exercising of their Patience , and applying as uneasie Remedies to Evils much more dangerous , and to effect a Good much more considerable than that of Health it self . It is not easie to determine how far Childrens Faults are chargeable upon their Parents ; there are too many , and too intricate Circumstances to be consider'd , before one can decisively pronounce on such Matters : But neither of them are the safer for this Uncertainty and Doubt : The Children shall unquestionably suffer for their own Sins , and the Parents as unquestionably for their Neglect : They have both of them Guilt enough , and both of them shall have enough of Punishment ; the one for not having done what they shou'd , the other for doing what they shou'd not . Not that after all the Care , and Discipline , and early Chastisement , the Parent is secure of the Event , but secure of himself , and his Design : He has done his Duty , and must leave the issue in the hands of of God ; he has taken the natural , ready , reasonable , and usual , and appointed Means , and if the Strength of Temptations , and the Violence of the Children's Passions , or the Perverseness of their Wills , obstruct and hinder these Means from attaining of their good End , he has freed his Soul ; the Parent may be , after that sad and unfortunate , but has remov'd his Guilt and Punishment ; and , next to the effecting what we would , is the satisfaction of having done what one should . And so much for Application to the Parent . A word or two to the other Party , and I have done ; and that , not to persuade you that Reproof , Restraint , and Punishment are things eligible , or no such grievous and uneasie States as they are fansied , for they are undoubtedly uneasie States , and just as bad as you experience them to be ; there is no arguing against sense , or persuading against feeling : but that you would believe , since they proceed from People of the greatest Love and Tenderness , and sore against their Inclinations , that they are the most natural and necessary Means of effecting the greatest Good , and preventing the greatest Evils in the World , and so designed by those that do inflict them . It is true what St. Paul observes in another case , Heb. 12. I1 . that no chastisement for the present seemeth to be joyous , but grievous ; nevertheless afterwards , it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of Righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby . You cannot love Correption and Restraint , but when you shall hereaster see and feel the Effects of all this careful Discipline , in the Fear of God , in the Government of your Passions , in Temperance , in Chastity , in Patience under evils , in bearing Disappointments , in the Joys of Innonence , and the Comforts of a good Conscience ; then you will bless your Parents and Instructors , who by their Admonitions , seasonable Reproofs , and early Chastisements , delivered you from the Snares of Sin and Death , from the Plague of a guilty Mind , from an uneasie Remembrance of what is past , and a fearful looking for of Evils to come , which you will then desire to have avoided , though with the utmost Pain and Torment , and curse the Indulgence that prevented it . You will have other Notions and Opinions of the Love of Parents and Instructors than you now have ; and therefore , in the mean time , let the Reason , Wisdom , and Experience of all Ages convince you , that the Courses taken , to make you good and happy , are not only fit and suited to your Age , and Tempers , but necessary and unavoidable , tho' for the present they appear so grievous and unacceptable ; and therefore ben't so hasty and impatient under them , nor covet so to be deliver'd from them : be not so fond of immature Manhood , only because you think it is a State of Freedom from the Bondage of your Discipline . That Age has no such Charms in it as you imagine , and when aspir'd to so ambitiously , and so unseasonably , 't is only to perfect your Destruction , and complete your Misery the sooner ; it is according to the good or ill Improvement of this your Season of Discipline , that Manhood shall prove more or less comfortable : the Ground is now a cultivating , the Seed is now a sowing , that shall spring up to lasting Honour and Advantage , or to your lasting Shame and Ruine . And therefore though the Heats of Fancy , the Vigour of your springing Youth , and Fervour of Complexion , may suggest both strange and forward things , yet trust them not , nor listen to them . It is but like the Gaiety that springs up from the Fumes of New Wine , that warm and delight Men for a moment , but soon evaporate , and leave the Heart in greater Damps and Melancholy . You will quickly find the Mischiefs of forsaking Discipline , and all those gay Expectances will vanish , and conclude in lamentable Disappointments ; but the trouble is , that then Repentance comes too late , the Time is irrecoverable , and the Evil is irremediable . And therefore , to conclude , learn to be wise in this your hour , the Wisdom at least , of suffering others to be wise and careful for you , in things of which you have as yet no Knowledge or Experience , and yet so necessary to you , that thereupon depends the Welfare and Felicity of all your Lives . FINIS .