Distant Reader - subject-earthquakes-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 8 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 74,978 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 9,372 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 91. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

earth, god, earthquake, great, may, one, many, earthquakes, will, shall, yet, men, us, lord, time, like, fire, text, places, tcp, also, houses, now, doth, make, people, terrible, tremble, visit, day, world, made, power, much, year, shake, nature, london, might, death, without, english, must, eebo, mercy, sometimes, fear, city, another, come

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are Earthquakes explained and practically improved occasioned by the late earthquake on Sept. 8, 1692 in London, many other parts in England, and beyond sea / by Thomas Doolittle ..., A sermon occasioned by the late earthquake which happen''d in London and other places on the eighth of September, 1692 / Preached to a congregation in Reading by Samuel Doolittle., and Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins..

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

english books, early english, late earthquake, books online, great earthquake, terrible earthquake, creation partnership, text creation, page images, natural causes, many places, represented either, characters represented, image sets, tcp schema, immediate hand, great god, hollow places, jesus christ, stand still, subterraneous fire, great earthquakes, will never, terrible earthquakes, second causes, gap elements, basic encoding, external keying, critical editions, financial support, asking permission, errors will, tei oxford, tcp tei, sets published, whereby many, qa standards, tcp editor, commercial purposes, now take, every monographic, partnership web, first editions, batch review, institutions providing, wide variety, produce large, libraries guidelines, known extent, text strings

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Motus Medi-terraneus. Or, A true relation of a fearefull and prodigious earthquake which lately happened in the ancient citie of Couentrie, and some other places of the Kingdome, to the great amazement of the inhabitants. With a touch of some other occurrences, as well forraine as domestique. A full account of the great and terrible earthquake in Germany, Hungary and Turky Which was one of the greatest and most dreadful earthquakes that ever was in the world. With a most exact and particular account of the terrible eruptions of fire, conflagration of mountains, devastation of whole towns and villages. As also a learned discourse of the nature, causes and kinds of earthquakes: with a view of all the several opinions of the most eminent philosophers in the world, as well ancient as modern. To which is annexed, Some reflections and probable conjectures of the consequents and significations of this calamious accident. Written in Dutch by the excellent pen of Leopold Wettersteint de Hodenstein: and translated into English by Rich. Alcock Gent., and The earth-quake of Jamaica describ''d in a Pindarick poem / by Mr. Tutchin..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, god, earthquake, lord, earth, city, world, men, germany, death, vpon, visit, tei, sun, sea, power, people, munster, mines, kingdome, houses, haue, great, fate, emperour, early, causes, air

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be god, and Geologia Norvegica, or, A brief instructive remembrancer concerning that very great and spacious earthquake, which hapned [sic] almost quite through the south parts of Norvvay upon the 24th day of April, in the year 1657 also physical, historical, and theological grounds and reasons concerning the causes and significations of earthquakes / written in the Danish tongue by Michael Peterson Escholt ... ; and Englished by Daniel Collins. is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

earth, earthquake, time, earthquakes, places, people, fire, day, men, year, text, death, power, quake, place, work, things, others, nature, man, texts, hath, visit, way, houses, hand, works, parts, mercy, ground, characters, motion, days, doth, fear, world, water, tremble, part, manner, thing, reason, trembling, tho, self, books, wrath, xml, waters, images

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

is, be, was, are, were, have, do, did, been, had, make, made, shake, being, come, done, let, concerning, tremble, visit, say, shaken, take, destroyed, according, hath, see, hapned, called, stand, said, encoded, go, fall, visited, set, heard, doth, fell, came, give, caused, moved, trembled, think, shaking, found, stood, seen, followed

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

god, earth, earthquake, lord, tcp, 〉, london, ◊, 〈, earthquakes, houses, hath, thou, men, christ, city, world, sea, text, sun, heaven, england, english, tei, eebo, nature, king, oxford, ye, church, land, germany, verse, mercy, judgment, house, italy, creation, causes, yea, mountains, jamaica, holy, haue, emperour, power, natural, inhabitants, providence, gods

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

it, his, their, they, he, them, you, i, we, our, your, him, us, its, my, thy, her, me, themselves, thee, she, himself, vp, one, yours, ye, theirs, ''em, ours, treateth, thou, there, mine, correctiō, ''s

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

great, many, such, other, terrible, same, more, whole, late, several, much, own, first, early, good, mighty, little, second, english, certain, subterraneous, particular, last, dreadful, general, true, natural, wonderful, full, dead, very, strong, greater, small, most, available, long, angry, hollow, few, like, doth, present, hot, large, immediate, fearful, sudden, illegible, high

not, so, then, up, more, also, now, down, out, most, very, yet, sometimes, as, only, still, therefore, again, there, here, too, together, thus, in, well, suddenly, even, much, never, thereof, away, forth, over, about, especially, once, lately, often, all, above, wholly, first, far, before, long, ever, below, almost, thereby, no

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

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